TIMKEN CO - Quarter Report: 2019 September (Form 10-Q)

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Shares, without par value

The New York Stock Exchange

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019



☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 1-1169

THE TIMKEN COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Ohio		34-0577130
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4500 Mount Pleasant Street NW
North Canton	Ohio	44720-5450
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

234.262.3000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐

		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common shares, as of the latest practicable date.



	Class		Outstanding at September 30, 2019
	Common Shares, without par value		75,324,189 shares

Table of Contents

THE TIMKEN COMPANY

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q REPORT



			PAGE
I.	PART I.
	Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	44
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	44
II.	PART II.
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	45
	Item1A.	Risk Factors	45
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	45
	Item 6.	Exhibits	46

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THE TIMKEN COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
Net sales	$	914.0		$	881.3		$	2,893.7		$	2,670.7
Cost of products sold	636.5			628.0			2,007.9			1,885.1
Gross Profit	277.5			253.3			885.8			785.6
Selling, general and administrative expenses	148.0			142.0			459.4			432.4
Impairment and restructuring charges	1.6			2.6			3.5			3.1
Operating Income	127.9			108.7			422.9			350.1
Interest expense	(18.2		)	(12.5		)	(55.5		)	(33.2		)
Interest income	1.1			0.6			3.5			1.5
Non-service pension and other postretirement (expense) income	(14.4		)	(3.2		)	(14.1		)	2.5
Other income, net	5.8			3.7			10.5			7.3
Income Before Income Taxes	102.2			97.3			367.3			328.2
Provision for income taxes	35.5			25.0			110.4			83.5
Net Income	66.7			72.3			256.9			244.7
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	2.5			0.7			8.3			1.9
Net Income Attributable to The Timken Company	$	64.2		$	71.6		$	248.6		$	242.8

Net Income per Common Share Attributable to The Timken Company Common Shareholders
Basic earnings per share	$	0.85		$	0.93		$	3.28		$	3.14

Diluted earnings per share	$	0.84		$	0.91		$	3.23		$	3.09

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
(Dollars in millions)
Net Income	$	66.7		$	72.3		$	256.9		$	244.7
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(63.0		)	(24.3		)	(62.1		)	(62.5		)
Pension and postretirement liability adjustment	76.7			—			76.6			—
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments	1.9			(0.4		)	0.5			4.0
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	15.6			(24.7		)	15.0			(58.5		)
Comprehensive Income, net of tax	82.3			47.6			271.9			186.2
Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	0.7			(5.1		)	8.1			(6.8		)
Comprehensive Income Attributable to The Timken Company	$	81.6		$	52.7		$	263.8		$	193.0

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Consolidated Balance Sheets



	(Unaudited)
	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
(Dollars in millions)
ASSETS
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	181.4		$	132.5
Restricted cash	0.5			0.6
Accounts receivable, less allowances (2019 – $17.8 million; 2018 – $21.9 million)	548.3			546.6
Unbilled receivables	151.6			116.6
Inventories, net	805.3			835.7
Deferred charges and prepaid expenses	30.1			28.2
Other current assets	90.2			77.0
Total Current Assets	1,807.4			1,737.2
Property, Plant and Equipment, net	906.8			912.1
Operating Lease Assets	115.0			—
Other Assets
Goodwill	954.7			960.5
Other intangible assets	702.8			733.2
Non-current pension assets	11.8			6.2
Non-current other postretirement benefit assets	23.5			—
Deferred income taxes	27.3			59.0
Other non-current assets	16.0			37.0
Total Other Assets	1,736.1			1,795.9
Total Assets	$	4,565.3		$	4,445.2
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current Liabilities
Short-term debt	$	34.8		$	33.6
Current portion of long-term debt	61.8			9.4
Short-term operating lease liabilities	28.0			—
Accounts payable, trade	265.2			273.2
Salaries, wages and benefits	116.9			174.9
Income taxes payable	23.2			23.5
Other current liabilities	174.7			171.0
Total Current Liabilities	704.6			685.6
Non-Current Liabilities
Long-term debt	1,553.5			1,638.6
Accrued pension benefits	167.8			161.3
Accrued postretirement benefits	36.9			108.7
Long-term operating lease liabilities	72.3			—
Deferred income taxes	131.7			138.0
Other non-current liabilities	81.0			70.3
Total Non-Current Liabilities	2,043.2			2,116.9
Shareholders’ Equity
Class I and II Serial Preferred Stock, without par value:
Authorized – 10,000,000 shares each class, none issued	—			—
Common shares, without par value:
Authorized – 200,000,000 shares
Issued (including shares in treasury) (2019 – 98,375,135 shares; 2018 – 98,375,135 shares)
Stated capital	53.1			53.1
Other paid-in capital	945.5			951.9
Earnings invested in the business	1,815.0			1,630.2
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(80.1		)	(95.3		)
Treasury shares at cost (2019 – 23,050,946 shares; 2018 – 22,421,213 shares)	(988.7		)	(960.3		)
Total Shareholders’ Equity	1,744.8			1,579.6
Noncontrolling Interest	72.7			63.1
Total Equity	1,817.5			1,642.7
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	4,565.3		$	4,445.2

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
(Dollars in millions)
CASH PROVIDED (USED)
Operating Activities
Net income	$	256.9		$	244.7
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	120.4			105.9
Impairment charges	0.8			0.6
(Gain) loss on sale of assets	(1.0		)	0.2
Gain on disposal of lease assets	(0.4		)	—
Loss on divestiture	—			0.6
Deferred income tax provision	1.7			2.2
Stock-based compensation expense	20.7			25.5
Pension and other postretirement expense	23.2			8.5
Pension and other postretirement benefit contributions and payments	(37.1		)	(12.4		)
Operating lease expense	27.7			—
Operating lease payments	(26.8		)	—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(6.4		)	(65.7		)
Unbilled receivables	(35.0		)	(37.6		)
Inventories	37.8			(94.3		)
Accounts payable, trade	(7.4		)	(9.9		)
Other accrued expenses	(28.7		)	10.2
Income taxes	9.0			(0.5		)
Other, net	(0.6		)	17.0
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	354.8			195.0
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures	(82.9		)	(62.8		)
Acquisitions, net of cash received	(82.7		)	(765.4		)
Proceeds from divestitures	—			14.0
Other	3.4			3.9
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(162.2		)	(810.3		)
Financing Activities
Cash dividends paid to shareholders	(63.8		)	(64.2		)
Purchase of treasury shares	(56.1		)	(63.0		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	9.9			12.7
Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	(9.3		)	(5.4		)
Accounts receivable facility borrowings	25.0			145.2
Accounts receivable facility payments	—			(114.9		)
Proceeds from long-term debt	451.0			1,286.1
Payments on long-term debt	(481.7		)	(533.1		)
Deferred financing costs	(1.9		)	(0.9		)
Short-term debt activity, net	(10.2		)	(3.9		)
Other	(0.3		)	(1.3		)
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities	(137.4		)	657.3
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(6.4		)	(12.4		)
Increase in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	48.8			29.6
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year	133.1			125.4
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period	$	181.9		$	155.0

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) for The Timken Company (the "Company") have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and do not include all of the information and notes required by the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) and disclosures considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies

The Company's significant accounting policies are detailed in "Note 1 - Significant Accounting Policies" of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)", which was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2019. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities", which was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2019. Updates to the Company's accounting policies as a result of adopting ASU 2016-02 and ASU 2017-12 are discussed below.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements:

New Accounting Guidance Adopted:

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." ASU 2016-02 was issued to increase transparency and comparability among entities by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about lease arrangements. The Company adopted the new leasing standard on January 1, 2019 using the cumulative-effect adjustment transition method. The Company also elected several practical expedients to not asses the following as part of adoption: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts contain leases; (2) the lease classification between finance and operating leases for any expired or existing leases; and (3) the recognition of initial direct costs for existing leases. The Company also elected to not recognize leases with a term of 12 months or less on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The adoption of the lease standard had no impact to the Company's consolidated results of operations or the captions on the consolidated statements of cash flows. The cumulative effect of the changes made to the balance sheet as of January 1, 2019 for the adoption of the new lease standard was as follows:



	Balance at December 31, 2018		Effect of Accounting Change			Balance at January 1, 2019
Operating lease assets	$	—	$	114.1		$	114.1
Other intangible assets	733.2		0.7			733.9
Other non-current assets ⁽¹⁾	37.0		(15.3		)	21.7
Total Assets	4,445.2		99.5			4,544.7

Short-term operating lease liability	—		29.8			29.8
Long-term operating lease liability	—		69.7			69.7
Total Liabilities	$	2,802.5	$	99.5		$	2,902.0

⁽¹⁾Due to the adoption of the new leasing standard, the Company recognized operating lease assets and corresponding operating lease liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In conjunction with the adoption of the new leasing standard, the Company reclassified $15.3 million of lease assets related to purchase accounting adjustments from the ABC Bearings Limited ("ABC Bearings") acquisition from Other assets to Operating lease assets. These assets do not have material corresponding lease liabilities.

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The Company determines if any arrangement is a lease at the inception of a contract. For leases where the Company is the lessee, it recognizes lease assets and related lease liabilities at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit interest rate. As a result, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The lease assets also consist of amounts for favorable or unfavorable lease terms related to acquisitions. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an operating expense while the expense for finance leases is recognized as depreciation expense and interest expense using the accelerated interest method of recognition. A lease asset and lease liability are not recorded for leases with an initial term of less than 12 months or less and the lease expenses related to these leases is recognized as incurred over the lease term.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities", which impacts both designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. ASU 2017-12 amends and clarifies the requirements to qualify for hedge accounting, removes the requirement to recognize changes in fair value from certain hedges in current earnings, and specifies the presentation of changes in fair value in the income statement for all hedging instruments. ASU 2017-12 is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company adopted ASU 2017-12 effective January 1, 2019, and the impact of adoption was not material to the Company's results of operations and financial condition.

New Accounting Guidance Issued and Not Yet Adopted:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments." ASU 2016-13 changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The new guidance will replace the current incurred loss approach with an expected loss model. The new expected credit loss impairment model will apply to most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables, loans, held-to-maturity debt instruments, net investments in leases, loan commitments and standby letters of credit. Upon initial recognition of the exposure, the expected credit loss model requires entities to estimate the credit losses expected over the life of an exposure (or pool of exposures). The estimate of expected credit losses should consider historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts, including estimates of prepayments. Financial instruments with similar risk characteristics should be grouped together when estimating expected credit losses. ASU 2016-13 does not prescribe a specific method to make the estimate, so its application will require significant judgment. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public companies in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is continuing to advance its analysis and evaluating the effect that the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on the Company's results of operations and financial condition.

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Note 3 - Acquisitions

On April 1, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of The Diamond Chain Company ("Diamond Chain"), a leading supplier of high-performance roller chains for industrial markets. Diamond Chain serves a diverse range of market sectors, including industrial distribution, material handling, food and beverage, agriculture, construction and other process industries. Diamond Chain, located in Indianapolis, Indiana, operates primarily in the United States and China and had sales of approximately $60 million for the twelve months ended March 31, 2019. The purchase price for this acquisition was $84.6 million, excluding $1.9 million for cash acquired. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company incurred acquisition-related costs of $1.4 million to complete this acquisition. Based on markets and customers served, the results for Diamond Chain are reported in the Process Industries segment. The following table presents the preliminary purchase price allocation at fair value, net of cash acquired, for the Diamond Chain acquisition:



	Purchase Price Allocation
Assets:
Accounts receivable, net	$	6.7
Inventories, net	23.6
Other current assets	2.4
Property, plant and equipment, net	17.2
Operating lease assets	2.8
Goodwill	18.6
Other intangible assets	28.1
Other non-current assets	0.5
Total assets acquired	$	99.9
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, trade	$	5.7
Other current liabilities	4.8
Long-term operating lease liabilities	2.1
Other non-current liabilities	0.9
Total liabilities assumed	$	13.5
Noncontrolling interest acquired	1.8
Net assets and noncontrolling interest acquired	$	84.6

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation for intangible assets acquired in 2019:



	Purchase Price Allocation
			Weighted - Average Life
Trade names (indefinite life)	$	12.3	Indefinite
Technology and know-how	5.2		14 years
Customer relationships	10.6		17 years
Total intangible assets	$	28.1

The above preliminary purchase price allocation for Diamond Chain, including the residual amount allocated to goodwill, is based on preliminary information and is subject to change as additional information concerning final asset and liability valuations is obtained. This purchase price allocation is preliminary as a result of the continued evaluation of working capital accounts and contingent liabilities, as well as the finalization of the Company's review pertaining to a limited set of valuation calculations and inputs. The primary areas of the Diamond Chain preliminary purchase price allocation that have not been finalized relate to the fair value of net property, plant, and equipment and other intangible assets, and the related impacts on deferred income taxes and goodwill. During the applicable measurement period, the Company will adjust assets and liabilities if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have resulted in revised estimated values of those assets or liabilities as of that date. The effect of measurement period adjustments to the estimated fair values will be reflected as if the adjustments had been completed on the acquisition date.

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Note 3 - Acquisitions (continued)

During 2018, the Company completed three acquisitions. On September 18, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Rollon S.p.A. ("Rollon"), a leader in engineered linear motion products, specializing in the design and manufacture of linear guides, telescopic rails and linear actuators used in a wide range of industries such as passenger rail, aerospace, packaging and logistics, medical and automation. On September 1, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Apiary Investments Holdings Limited ("Cone Drive"), a leader in precision drives used in diverse markets including solar, automation, aerial platforms, and food and beverage. On August 30, 2018, the Company's majority-owned subsidiary, Timken India Limited ("Timken India"), completed the acquisition of ABC Bearings. Timken India issued its shares as consideration for the acquisition of ABC Bearings. ABC Bearings is a manufacturer of tapered, cylindrical and spherical roller bearings and slewing rings in India. Hereafter, the ABC Bearings, Cone Drive, and Rollon acquisitions will be referred to collectively as the "2018 Acquisitions".

In January 2019, the Company paid a working capital adjustment of $2.9 million in connection with the Cone Drive acquisition, which was accrued and reflected in the purchase price in 2018. In May 2019, the Company received a $4.8 million payment from escrow related to an indemnification settlement for the Cone Drive acquisition, which is reflected as a purchase price adjustment. This adjustment, as well as other measurement period adjustments recorded in 2019, resulted in a $1.8 million increase to goodwill. The following table presents the purchase price allocation at fair value, net of cash acquired, for the 2018 Acquisitions:



	Initial Purchase Price Allocation		Adjustments			Purchase Price Allocation
Assets:
Accounts receivable, net	$	42.5				$	42.5
Inventories, net	61.6		(0.1		)	61.5
Other current assets	8.5		1.0			9.5
Property, plant and equipment, net	71.7		(6.3		)	65.4
Goodwill	468.2		1.8			470.0
Other intangible assets	372.6		2.8			375.4
Other non-current assets	20.2		(4.1		)	16.1
Total assets acquired	$	1,045.3	$	(4.9	)	$	1,040.4
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, trade	$	35.2				$	35.2
Salaries, wages and benefits	9.1					9.1
Income taxes payable	2.5		0.4			2.9
Other current liabilities	8.2		0.2			8.4
Short-term debt	2.5		(0.6		)	1.9
Long-term debt	3.0		(2.9		)	0.1
Accrued pension benefits	5.7					5.7
Accrued postretirement benefits	11.7					11.7
Deferred income taxes	116.2		(0.6		)	115.6
Other non-current liabilities	16.9		3.4			20.3
Total liabilities assumed	$	211.0	$	(0.1	)	$	210.9
Net assets acquired	$	834.3	$	(4.8	)	$	829.5

In determining the fair value of the amounts above, the Company utilized various forms of the income, cost and market approaches depending on the asset or liability being valued. The estimation of fair value required significant judgment related to future net cash flows, discount rates, competitive trends, market comparisons and other factors. Inputs were generally determined by taking into account independent appraisals and historical data, supplemented by current and anticipated market conditions.

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Note 3 - Acquisitions (continued)

On September 16, 2019, the Company announced it had reached an agreement to acquire BEKA Lubrication ("BEKA"), a leading global supplier of automatic lubrication systems, for approximately $165 million. With expected 2019 annual sales of approximately $135 million, BEKA serves a diverse range of industrial sectors, including wind, food and beverage, rail, on- and off-highway and other process industries. Headquartered in Pegnitz, Germany, BEKA has manufacturing and research and development based in Germany, and assembly facilities and sales offices around the world. This transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and is expected to close during the fourth quarter of this year.

Note 4 - Inventories

The components of inventories at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:



	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Manufacturing supplies	$	31.9		$	32.4
Raw materials	102.4			102.4
Work in process	289.0			287.7
Finished products	426.5			452.7
Subtotal	849.8			875.2
Allowance for obsolete and surplus inventory	(44.5		)	(39.5		)
Total Inventories, net	$	805.3		$	835.7

Inventories are valued at net realizable value, with approximately 56% valued on the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method and the remaining 44% valued on the last-in, first-out ("LIFO") method. The majority of the Company's domestic inventories are valued on the LIFO method and all of the Company's international inventories are valued on the FIFO method.

The LIFO reserve at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $173.3 million and $173.9 million, respectively. An actual valuation of the inventory under the LIFO method can be made only at the end of each year based on the inventory levels and costs at that time. Accordingly, interim LIFO calculations must be based on management’s estimates of expected year-end inventory levels and costs. Because these calculations are subject to many factors beyond management’s control, annual results may differ from interim results as they are subject to the final year-end LIFO inventory valuation.

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Note 5 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were as follows:



	Mobile Industries			Process Industries			Total
Beginning balance	$	349.7		$	610.8		$	960.5
Acquisitions	0.7			19.7			20.4
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other changes	(10.9		)	(15.3		)	(26.2		)
Ending balance	$	339.5		$	615.2		$	954.7

The $20.4 million addition of goodwill from acquisitions includes $18.6 million of goodwill recognized in the Process Industries segment for the Diamond Chain acquisition, as well as certain measurement period adjustments recorded in 2019 related to the 2018 Acquisitions.

The following table displays intangible assets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:



	Balance at September 30, 2019						Balance at December 31, 2018
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Customer relationships	$	481.7	$	120.6	$	361.1	$	481.5	$	99.8	$	381.7
Technology and know-how	244.9		50.7		194.2		245.0		40.4		204.6
Trade names	11.9		5.6		6.3		11.3		4.8		6.5
Capitalized software	268.6		243.6		25.0		266.4		236.5		29.9
Other	41.1		37.2		3.9		40.8		35.2		5.6
	$	1,048.2	$	457.7	$	590.5	$	1,045.0	$	416.7	$	628.3
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
Trade names	$	103.6			$	103.6	$	96.2			$	96.2
FAA air agency certificates	8.7				8.7		8.7				8.7
	$	112.3			$	112.3	$	104.9			$	104.9
Total intangible assets	$	1,160.5	$	457.7	$	702.8	$	1,149.9	$	416.7	$	733.2

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $43.3 million and $32.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets is projected to be $55.8 million in 2019; $52.2 million in 2020; $48.3 million in 2021; $43.7 million in 2022; and $40.8 million in 2023.

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Note 6 - Leasing

The Company enters into operating and finance leases for manufacturing facilities, warehouses, sales offices, information technology equipment, plant equipment, vehicles and certain other equipment.

Lease expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was as follows:



	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2019
Operating lease expense	$	9.0	$	27.7
Amortization of right-of-use assets on finance leases	0.3		0.9
Total lease expense	$	9.3	$	28.6

The following tables present the impact of leasing on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.



Operating Leases	September 30, 2019
Lease assets:
Operating lease assets	$	115.0
Lease liabilities:
Short-term operating lease liabilities	$	28.0
Long-term operating lease liabilities	72.3
Total operating lease liabilities	$	100.3



Finance Leases	September 30, 2019
Lease assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	3.6
Lease liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	0.3
Long-term debt	2.5
Total finance lease liabilities	$	2.8

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases at September 30, 2019 were as follows:



	Operating Leases			Finance Leases
Year Ending December 31,
2019	$	8.5		$	0.3
2020	29.3			0.9
2021	20.5			0.9
2022	15.0			0.7
2023	11.2			0.2
Thereafter	26.6			—
Total future minimum lease payments	111.1			3.0
Less: imputed interest	(10.8		)	(0.2		)
Total	$	100.3		$	2.8

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The following tables present other information related to leases:



	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	9.1	$	26.8
Financing cash flows from finance leases	0.2		1.3
Lease assets added in the period:
Operating leases	$	14.6	$	54.0
Finance leases	0.3		1.1



	September 30, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term:
Operating leases	5.4 years
Finance leases	3.4 years
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating leases	3.90	%
Finance leases	2.70	%

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Note 7 - Financing Arrangements

Short-term debt at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:



	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Variable-rate Accounts Receivable Facility with an interest rate of 3.09% at September 30, 2019	$	12.8	$	—
Borrowings under variable-rate lines of credit for certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries with various banks with interest rates ranging from 0.23% to 2.28% at September 30, 2019 and 0.29% to 1.00% at December 31, 2018	22.0		33.6
Short-term debt	$	34.8	$	33.6

The lines of credit for certain of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries provide for short-term borrowings up to $261.9 million in the aggregate. Most of these lines of credit are uncommitted. At September 30, 2019, the Company’s foreign subsidiaries had borrowings outstanding of $22.0 million and bank guarantees of $0.3 million, which reduced the aggregate availability under these facilities to $239.6 million.

Long-term debt at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:



	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Variable-rate Senior Credit Facility with an average interest rate on U.S. Dollar of 3.26% and Euro of 1.00% at September 30, 2019 and 3.40% and 1.10%, respectively, at December 31, 2018	$	69.3	$	43.9
Variable-rate Euro Term Loan⁽¹⁾, maturing on September 18, 2020, with an interest rate of 1.13% at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	52.8		107.1
Variable-rate Accounts Receivable Facility, with an interest rate of 3.09% at September 30, 2019 and 3.22% at December 31, 2018	87.2		75.0
Variable-rate Term Loan⁽¹⁾, maturing on September 11, 2023, with an interest rate of 3.17% at September 30, 2019 and 3.77% at December 31, 2018	340.7		347.1
Fixed-rate Senior Unsecured Notes⁽¹⁾, maturing on September 1, 2024, with an interest rate of 3.875%	348.3		347.7
Fixed-rate Euro Senior Unsecured Notes⁽¹⁾, maturing on September 7, 2027, with an interest rate of 2.02%	163.0		171.4
Fixed-rate Senior Unsecured Notes⁽¹⁾, maturing on December 15, 2028, with an interest rate of 4.50%	396.1		395.8
Fixed-rate Medium-Term Notes, Series A⁽¹⁾, maturing at various dates through May 2028, with interest rates ranging from 6.74% to 7.76%	154.6		154.6
Other	3.3		5.4
	1,615.3		1,648.0
Less: Current maturities	61.8		9.4
Long-term debt	$	1,553.5	$	1,638.6

⁽¹⁾Net of discounts and fees

The Company has a $100 million Amended and Restated Asset Securitization Agreement (the "Accounts Receivable Facility"), which matures on November 30, 2021. Under the terms of the Accounts Receivable Facility, the Company sells, on an ongoing basis, certain domestic trade receivables to Timken Receivables Corporation, a wholly-owned consolidated subsidiary that, in turn, uses the trade receivables to secure borrowings that are funded through a vehicle that issues commercial paper in the short-term market. Borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Facility may be limited by certain borrowing base limitations; however, availability under the Accounts Receivable Facility was not reduced by any such borrowing base limitations at September 30, 2019. As of September 30, 2019, there were outstanding borrowings of $100.0 million under the Accounts Receivable Facility, which reduced the availability under this facility to zero. $12.8 million of the outstanding borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Facility was classified as short-term and reflects the Company's expectations over the next 12 months relative to the minimum borrowing base. The cost of this facility, which is the prevailing commercial paper rate plus facility fees, is considered a financing cost and is included in "Interest expense" in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

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On June 25, 2019, the Company entered into a Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement ("Senior Credit Facility"). The Senior Credit Facility amends and restates the Company's previous credit agreement, dated as of June 19, 2015. The Senior Credit Facility is a $650.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility, which matures on June 25, 2024. At September 30, 2019, the Company had $69.3 million of outstanding borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility, which reduced the availability under this facility to $580.7 million. The Senior Credit Facility has two financial covenants: a consolidated leverage ratio and a consolidated interest coverage ratio.

On September 6, 2018, the Company issued $400 million aggregate principal amount of fixed-rate 4.50% senior unsecured notes that mature on December 15, 2028 (the "2028 Notes"). On September 11, 2018, the Company entered into a $350 million variable-rate term loan that matures on September 11, 2023 (the "2023 Term Loan"). Proceeds from the 2028 Notes and the 2023 Term Loan were used to fund the acquisitions of Cone Drive and Rollon, which closed on September 1, 2018 and September 18, 2018, respectively. On July 12, 2019, the Company amended the 2023 Term Loan agreement to, among other things, align covenants and other terms with the Senior Credit Facility.

On September 7, 2017, the Company issued €150 million aggregate principal amount of fixed-rate 2.02% senior unsecured notes that mature on September 7, 2027 (the "2027 Notes"). On September 18, 2017, the Company entered into a €100 million variable-rate term loan that matures on September 18, 2020 (the "2020 Term Loan"). During the third quarter, the Company repaid €23.5 million under the 2020 Term Loan bringing the total paid to-date to €51.5 million, which reduced the principal balance to €48.5 million as of September 30, 2019. The 2020 Term Loan was classified as current portion of long-term debt at September 30, 2019.

At September 30, 2019, the Company was in full compliance with all applicable covenants on its outstanding debt.

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Note 8 - Contingencies

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries have been identified as potentially responsible parties for investigation and remediation under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("CERCLA"), known as the Superfund, or similar state laws with respect to certain sites. Claims for investigation and remediation have been asserted against numerous other entities, which are believed to be financially solvent and are expected to fulfill their proportionate share of the obligation.

On December 28, 2004, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“USEPA”) sent Lovejoy, Inc. ("Lovejoy") a Special Notice Letter that identified Lovejoy as a potentially responsible party, together with at least 14 other companies, at the Ellsworth Industrial Park Site, Downers Grove, DuPage County, Illinois (the “Site”). The Company acquired Lovejoy in 2016. Lovejoy’s Downers Grove property is situated within the Ellsworth Industrial Complex. The USEPA and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (“IEPA”) allege there have been one or more releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances, allegedly including, but not limited to, a release or threatened release on or from Lovejoy's property, at the Site. The relief sought by the USEPA and IEPA includes further investigation and potential remediation of the Site and reimbursement of response costs. Lovejoy’s allocated share of past and future costs related to the Site, including for investigation and/or remediation, could be significant. All previously pending property damage and personal injury lawsuits against Lovejoy related to the Site have been settled or dismissed.

The Company had total environmental accruals of $5.3 million and $5.5 million for various known environmental matters that are probable and reasonably estimable at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, which includes the Lovejoy matter discussed above. These accruals were recorded based upon the best estimate of costs to be incurred in light of the progress made in determining the magnitude of remediation costs, the timing and extent of remedial actions required by governmental authorities and the amount of the Company’s liability in proportion to other responsible parties.

In October 2014, the Brazilian government antitrust agency, Administrative Council for Economic Defense, or CADE, announced that it had opened an investigation of alleged antitrust violations in the bearing industry. The Company’s Brazilian subsidiary, Timken do Brasil Comercial Importadora Ltda. ("Timken do Brasil"), was included in the investigation. In May 2019, the investigation division of CADE issued a report on the alleged antitrust violations and recommended that Timken do Brasil, among others, be found to have violated certain provisions of the Brazil Competition Law. The case has now moved to the tribunal level of CADE. The Company is continuing to advance its interests in this case. Based on management's evaluation of the findings contained in the CADE investigation report, the Company recorded expense in the second quarter of 2019 to establish a liability that represents management’s best estimate of the probable loss. While no assurance can be given as to the ultimate outcome of this case, the Company does not believe that the final resolution will have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial position or liquidity, however, the effect of any such future outcome may be material to the results of operations of any particular period in which costs in excess of amounts provided, if any, are recognized.

The Company is a defendant in a 2017 lawsuit filed in the U.S. by a former employee asserting workplace-related negligence by the Company's medical personnel. The Company’s defense is ongoing and, while the incurrence of a liability is not considered probable at this point, management believes the low end of the range of the reasonably possible outcomes would be immaterial to the Company.

In addition, the Company is subject to various other lawsuits, claims and proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of its business. The Company accrues costs associated with legal and non-income tax matters when they become probable and reasonably estimable. Accruals are established based on the estimated undiscounted cash flows to settle the obligations and are not reduced by any potential recoveries from insurance or other indemnification claims. Management believes that any ultimate liability with respect to these actions, in excess of amounts provided, will not materially affect the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Product Warranties:

In addition to the contingencies above, the Company provides limited warranties on certain of its products. The product warranty liability included in "Other current liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $5.6 million and $7.1 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company continues to evaluate claims raised by certain customers with respect to the performance of bearings sold into the wind energy sector. Management believes that the outcome of these claims will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position; however, the effect of any such outcome may be material to the results of operations of any particular period in which costs in excess of amounts provided, if any, are recognized.

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Note 9 - Equity

The following tables present the changes in the components of equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:



				The Timken Company Shareholders
	Total			Stated Capital		Other Paid-In Capital			Earnings Invested in the Business			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)			Treasury Stock			Non controlling Interest
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	1,783.6		$	53.1	$	941.3		$	1,772.0		$	(97.5	)	$	(957.6	)	$	72.3
Net income	66.7								64.2									2.5
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(63.0		)									(61.2		)				(1.8		)
Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments (net of income tax expense of $25.4 million)	76.7											76.7
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net of reclassifications	1.9											1.9
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest	(0.3		)															(0.3		)
Dividends – $0.28 per share	(21.2		)						(21.2		)
Stock-based compensation expense	5.8					5.8
Stock purchased at fair market value	(32.5		)												(32.5		)
Stock option exercise activity	1.0					(1.0		)							2.0
Restricted share activity	—					(0.6		)							0.6
Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	(1.2		)												(1.2		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	1,817.5		$	53.1	$	945.5		$	1,815.0		$	(80.1	)	$	(988.7	)	$	72.7



				The Timken Company Shareholders
	Total			Stated Capital		Other Paid-In Capital			Earnings Invested in the Business			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)			Treasury Stock			Non controlling Interest
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	1,642.7		$	53.1	$	951.9		$	1,630.2		$	(95.3	)	$	(960.3	)	$	63.1
Net income	256.9								248.6									8.3
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(62.1		)									(61.9		)				(0.2		)
Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments (net of income tax expense of $25.3 million)	76.6											76.6
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net of reclassifications	0.5											0.5
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interest	(0.3		)															(0.3		)
Noncontrolling interest acquired	1.8																	1.8
Dividends – $0.84 per share	(63.8		)						(63.8		)
Stock-based compensation expense	20.7					20.7
Stock purchased at fair market value	(56.1		)												(56.1		)
Stock option exercise activity	9.9					(4.4		)							14.3
Restricted share activity	—					(22.7		)							22.7
Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	(9.3		)												(9.3		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	1,817.5		$	53.1	$	945.5		$	1,815.0		$	(80.1	)	$	(988.7	)	$	72.7

For further discussion of the pretax pension and other postretirement liability adjustments, see Note 14 - Retirement Benefit Plans and Note 15 - Other Postretirement Benefit Plans.

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Note 9 - Equity (continued)



				The Timken Company Shareholders
	Total			Stated Capital		Other Paid-In Capital			Earnings Invested in the Business			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)			Treasury Stock			Non controlling Interest
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	1,552.3		$	53.1	$	907.2		$	1,545.3		$	(69.9	)	$	(913.9	)	$	30.5
Net income	72.3								71.6									0.7
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(24.3		)									(18.5		)				(5.8		)
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net of reclassifications	(0.4		)									(0.4		)
Shares issued for the acquisition of ABC Bearings	66.0					30.9												35.1
Dividends – $0.28 per share	(21.5		)						(21.5		)
Stock-based compensation expense	7.7					7.7
Stock purchased at fair market value	(13.4		)												(13.4		)
Stock option exercise activity	2.1					(0.6		)							2.7
Restricted share activity	—					(0.1		)							0.1
Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	(0.4		)												(0.4		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	1,640.4		$	53.1	$	945.1		$	1,595.4		$	(88.8	)	$	(924.9	)	$	60.5



				The Timken Company Shareholders
	Total			Stated Capital		Other Paid-In Capital			Earnings Invested in the Business			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss)			Treasury Stock			Non controlling Interest
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	1,474.9		$	53.1	$	903.8		$	1,408.4		$	(38.3	)	$	(884.3	)	$	32.2
Cumulative effect of the new revenue standard (net of income tax benefit of $2.6 million)⁽¹⁾	7.7					—			7.7
Cumulative effect of ASU 2018-02	—								0.7			(0.7		)
Net income	244.7								242.8									1.9
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(62.5		)									(53.8		)				(8.7		)
Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments, net of reclassifications	4.0											4.0
Shares issued for the acquisition of ABC Bearings	66.0					30.9												35.1
Dividends – $0.83 per share	(64.2		)						(64.2		)
Stock-based compensation expense	25.5					25.5
Stock purchased at fair market value	(63.0		)												(63.0		)
Stock option exercise activity	12.7					(3.7		)							16.4
Restricted share activity	—					(11.4		)							11.4
Payments related to tax withholding for stock-based compensation	(5.4		)												(5.4		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	1,640.4		$	53.1	$	945.1		$	1,595.4		$	(88.8	)	$	(924.9	)	$	60.5

⁽¹⁾On January 1, 2018, the Company recognized the cumulative effect of adopting the revenue recognition guidance in ASU 2014-09 and related amendments as an adjustment to the opening balance of earnings invested in the business for the year ended December 31, 2018. Refer to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for further information.

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Note 10 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following tables present details about components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:



	Foreign currency translation adjustments			Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments			Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments			Total
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	(96.3	)	$	(0.1	)	$	(1.1	)	$	(97.5	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications and income taxes	(63.0		)	103.7			3.2			43.9
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes	—			(1.6		)	(1.0		)	(2.6		)
Income tax expense	—			(25.4		)	(0.3		)	(25.7		)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes	(63.0		)	76.7			1.9			15.6
Noncontrolling interest	1.8			—			—			1.8
Net current period comprehensive (loss) income, net of income taxes and noncontrolling interest	(61.2		)	76.7			1.9			17.4
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	(157.5	)	$	76.6		$	0.8		$	(80.1	)



	Foreign currency translation adjustments			Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments			Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments			Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	(95.6	)	$	—		$	0.3		$	(95.3	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications and income tax	(62.1		)	103.7			3.4			45.0
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes	—			(1.8		)	(2.9		)	(4.7		)
Income tax expense	—			(25.3		)	—			(25.3		)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes	(62.1		)	76.6			0.5			15.0
Noncontrolling interest	0.2			—			—			0.2
Net current period comprehensive (loss) income, net of income taxes and noncontrolling interest	(61.9		)	76.6			0.5			15.2
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	(157.5	)	$	76.6		$	0.8		$	(80.1	)

For further discussion of pension and other postretirement liability adjustments, see Note 14 - Retirement Benefit Plans and Note 15 - Other Postretirement Benefit Plans.

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Note 10 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (continued)



	Foreign currency translation adjustments			Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments			Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments			Total
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	(70.4	)	$	(0.4	)	$	0.9		$	(69.9	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications and income taxes	(24.3		)	—			1.0			(23.3		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes	—			—			(1.5		)	(1.5		)
Income tax benefit	—			—			0.1			0.1
Net current period other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes	(24.3		)	—			(0.4		)	(24.7		)
Noncontrolling interest	5.8			—			—			5.8
Net current period comprehensive loss, net of income taxes and noncontrolling interest	(18.5		)	—			(0.4		)	(18.9		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	(88.9	)	$	(0.4	)	$	0.5		$	(88.8	)



	Foreign currency translation adjustments			Pension and other postretirement liability adjustments			Change in fair value of derivative financial instruments			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	(35.1	)	$	(0.3	)	$	(2.9	)	$	(38.3	)
Cumulative effect of ASU 2018-02	—			(0.1		)	(0.6		)	(0.7		)
Balance at January 1, 2018	(35.1		)	(0.4		)	(3.5		)	(39.0		)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications and income taxes	(62.5		)	—			5.0			(57.5		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes	—			—			0.3			0.3
Income tax expense	—			—			(1.3		)	(1.3		)
Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income, net of income taxes	(62.5		)	—			4.0			(58.5		)
Noncontrolling interest	8.7			—			—			8.7
Net current period comprehensive (loss) income, net of income taxes and noncontrolling interest	(53.8		)	(0.1		)	3.4			(50.5		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	(88.9	)	$	(0.4	)	$	0.5		$	(88.8	)

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications and income taxes includes the effect of foreign currency.

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Note 11 - Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the numerator and the denominator of basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Numerator:
Net income attributable to The Timken Company	$	64.2	$	71.6	$	248.6	$	242.8
Less: undistributed earnings allocated to nonvested stock	—		—		—		—
Net income available to common shareholders for basic and diluted earnings per share	$	64.2	$	71.6	$	248.6	$	242.8
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares outstanding - basic	75,628,410		76,903,395		75,864,544		77,332,209
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and awards - based on the treasury stock method	964,284		1,524,710		1,037,882		1,313,294
Weighted average number of shares outstanding assuming dilution of stock options and awards	76,592,694		78,428,105		76,902,426		78,645,503
Basic earnings per share	$	0.85	$	0.93	$	3.28	$	3.14
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.84	$	0.91	$	3.23	$	3.09

The exercise prices for certain stock options that the Company has awarded exceeded the average market price of the Company’s common shares during each period presented. Such stock options are antidilutive and were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share. The antidilutive stock options outstanding during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were 1,445,986 and 923,588, respectively. The antidilutive stock options outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were 1,355,247 and 852,318, respectively.

Note 12 - Revenue

The following table presents details deemed most relevant to the users of the financial statements about total revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:



	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2019						September 30, 2018
	Mobile		Process		Total		Mobile		Process		Total
United States	$	245.8	$	196.0	$	441.8	$	255.3	$	192.9	$	448.2
Americas excluding United States	54.7		41.1		95.8		51.6		42.9		94.5
Europe / Middle East / Africa	85.3		120.2		205.5		89.3		86.0		175.3
Asia-Pacific	69.3		101.6		170.9		68.0		95.3		163.3
Net sales	$	455.1	$	458.9	$	914.0	$	464.2	$	417.1	$	881.3



	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2019						September 30, 2018
	Mobile		Process		Total		Mobile		Process		Total
United States	$	778.1	$	632.6	$	1,410.7	$	774.4	$	561.5	$	1,335.9
Americas excluding United States	160.4		125.5		285.9		160.3		132.0		292.3
Europe / Middle East / Africa	288.2		374.3		662.5		292.5		266.4		558.9
Asia-Pacific	222.1		312.5		534.6		214.6		269.0		483.6
Net sales	$	1,448.8	$	1,444.9	$	2,893.7	$	1,441.8	$	1,228.9	$	2,670.7

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When reviewing revenue by sales channel, the Company separates net sales to original equipment manufacturers from sales to distributors and end users. The following table presents the percent of revenue by sales channel for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:



	Nine Months Ended	Nine Months Ended
Revenue by sales channel	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018
Original equipment manufacturers	56%	58%
Distribution/end users	44%	42%

In addition to disaggregating revenue by segment and geography and by sales channel as shown above, the Company believes information about the timing of transfer of goods or services, type of customer and distinguishing service revenue from product sales is also relevant. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, approximately 11% and 9%, respectively, of total net sales were recognized on an over-time basis because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer, with the remainder recognized as of a point in time. The payment terms with the U.S. government or its contractors, which represented approximately 8% and 7% of total net sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively, differ from those of non-government customers. Finally, approximately 5% and 6% of total net sales represented service revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively.

Remaining Performance Obligations:

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of orders meeting the definition of a contract for which work has not been performed and excludes unexercised contract options. Performance obligations having a duration of more than one year are concentrated in contracts for certain products and services provided to the U.S. government or its contractors. The aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for such contracts with a duration of more than one year was approximately $231 million at September 30, 2019.

Unbilled Receivables:

The following table contains a rollforward of unbilled receivables for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:



	September 30, 2019
Beginning balance, January 1	$	116.6
Additional unbilled revenue recognized	320.0
Less: amounts billed to customers	(285.0		)
Ending balance	$	151.6

There were no impairment losses recorded on unbilled receivables for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

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Note 13 - Segment Information

The primary measurement used by management to measure the financial performance of each segment is earnings before interest and taxes ("EBIT").



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net sales:
Mobile Industries	$	455.1		$	464.2		$	1,448.8		$	1,441.8
Process Industries	458.9			417.1			1,444.9			1,228.9
Net sales	$	914.0		$	881.3		$	2,893.7		$	2,670.7
Segment EBIT:
Mobile Industries	$	52.0		$	50.6		$	172.5		$	156.2
Process Industries	95.6			81.8			304.8			254.0
Total EBIT, for reportable segments	$	147.6		$	132.4		$	477.3		$	410.2
Corporate expenses	(11.4		)	(17.9		)	(41.1		)	(47.2		)
Corporate pension and other postretirement benefit related charges	(16.9		)	(5.3		)	(16.9		)	(3.1		)
Interest expense	(18.2		)	(12.5		)	(55.5		)	(33.2		)
Interest income	1.1			0.6			3.5			1.5
Income before income taxes	$	102.2		$	97.3		$	367.3		$	328.2

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Note 14 - Retirement Benefit Plans

The following table sets forth the net periodic benefit cost for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans. The amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are based on calculations prepared by the Company's actuaries and represent the Company’s best estimate of the respective period’s proportionate share of the amounts to be recorded for the year ending December 31, 2019.



	U.S. Plans						International Plans						Total
	Three Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,						Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2019			2018
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	2.6		$	3.3		$	0.4		$	0.4		$	3.0		$	3.7
Interest cost	5.7			6.0			1.8			1.8			7.5			7.8
Expected return on plan assets	(6.4		)	(7.6		)	(2.4		)	(2.9		)	(8.8		)	(10.5		)
Amortization of prior service cost	0.4			0.4			—			0.1			0.4			0.5
Recognition of actuarial losses	7.0			4.8			—			—			7.0			4.8
Net periodic benefit cost	$	9.3		$	6.9		$	(0.2	)	$	(0.6	)	$	9.1		$	6.3



	U.S. Plans						International Plans						Total
	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018			2019			2018
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	7.8		$	9.7		$	1.2		$	1.2		$	9.0		$	10.9
Interest cost	17.7			17.7			5.5			5.5			23.2			23.2
Expected return on plan assets	(19.2		)	(22.2		)	(7.6		)	(8.8		)	(26.8		)	(31.0		)
Amortization of prior service cost	1.2			1.2			0.1			0.1			1.3			1.3
Recognition of actuarial losses	7.0			2.4			—			—			7.0			2.4
Net periodic benefit cost	$	14.5		$	8.8		$	(0.8	)	$	(2.0	)	$	13.7		$	6.8

The Company currently expects to make contributions and payments related to its global defined benefit pension plans totaling approximately $34.0 million in 2019. Approximately $24.0 million of this amount related to the 2019 payout of deferred compensation in July 2019 to a former executive officer of the Company. The payment triggered a pension remeasurement for one of the Company’s U.S. defined benefit pension plans during the third quarter of 2019. As a result of this remeasurement, the Company recognized an actuarial loss of $7.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized actuarial losses of $4.8 million and $2.4 million, respectively. The remeasurement was required during the period as a result of lump sum payments to new retirees exceeding service and interest costs for one of the Company's U.S. defined benefit plans.

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Note 15 - Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

The following table sets forth the net periodic benefit cost for the Company’s other postretirement benefit plans. The amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 are based on calculations prepared by the Company's actuaries and represent the Company’s best estimate of the respective period’s proportionate share of the amounts to be recorded for the year ending December 31, 2019.



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	—		$	—		$	0.1		$	0.1
Interest cost	1.2			1.9			5.0			5.6
Expected return on plan assets	(0.8		)	(0.9		)	(2.4		)	(2.8		)
Amortization of prior service credit	(2.0		)	(0.4		)	(3.1		)	(1.2		)
Recognition of net actuarial losses	9.9			—			9.9			—
Net periodic benefit cost	$	8.3		$	0.6		$	9.5		$	1.7

During July 2019, the Company announced changes to the medical plan offerings for certain of its postretirement benefit plans, effective January 1, 2020, which will impact the benefits provided to certain retirees. This plan amendment (1) resulted in a $103.5 million reduction in the postretirement benefit obligation and a corresponding pretax adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss; and (2) triggered a remeasurement of the postretirement benefit obligation, and as a result the Company recognized an actuarial loss of $9.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Starting with the three months ended September 30, 2019, the pretax adjustment of $103.5 million will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost (as a benefit) over the next twelve years.

Note 16 - Income Taxes

The Company's provision for income taxes in interim periods is computed by applying the estimated annual effective tax rates to income or loss before income taxes for the period. In addition, non-recurring or discrete items are recorded during the period(s) in which they occur.



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Provision for income taxes	$	35.5		$	25.0		$	110.4		$	83.5
Effective tax rate	34.7		%	25.7		%	30.1		%	25.4		%

The income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was calculated using the forecasted multi-jurisdictional annual effective tax rates to determine a blended annual effective tax rate. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the projected mix of earnings in international jurisdictions with relatively higher tax rates and U.S. state and local income taxes. It was further impacted by additional discrete accruals recorded primarily for uncertain tax positions related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("U.S. Tax Reform").

The effective tax rate of 34.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 is higher than the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to a projected increase in the mix of earnings in international jurisdictions with relatively higher tax rates. The effective tax rate also increased due to higher discrete tax benefits recorded in the prior year period.

The effective tax rate of 30.1% for the first nine months of 2019 is higher than the first nine months of 2018 primarily due to higher discrete tax expense in the current year for uncertain tax positions related to U.S. Tax Reform, as well as due to higher discrete tax benefits recorded in the prior year period.

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Note 17 - Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be expected to be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The FASB provides accounting rules that classify the inputs used to measure fair value into the following hierarchy:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or unadjusted quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

The following tables present the fair value hierarchy for those financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:



	September 30, 2019
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	134.6	$	133.2	$	1.4	$	—
Cash and cash equivalents measured at net asset value	46.8
Restricted cash	0.5		0.5		—		—
Short-term investments	20.8		—		20.8		—
Short-term investments measured at net asset value	0.1
Foreign currency hedges	11.7		—		11.7		—
Total Assets	$	214.5	$	133.7	$	33.9	$	—
Liabilities:
Foreign currency hedges	$	0.3	$	—	$	0.3	$	—
Total Liabilities	$	0.3	$	—	$	0.3	$	—



	December 31, 2018
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	105.9	$	104.4	$	1.5	$	—
Cash and cash equivalents measured at net asset value	26.6
Restricted cash	0.6		0.6		—		—
Short-term investments	21.8		—		21.8		—
Foreign currency hedges	4.6		—		4.6		—
Total Assets	$	159.5	$	105.0	$	27.9	$	—
Liabilities:
Foreign currency hedges	$	0.7	$	—	$	0.7	$	—
Total Liabilities	$	0.7	$	—	$	0.7	$	—

Cash and cash equivalents are highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased and are valued at the redemption value. Short-term investments are investments with maturities between four months and one year and generally are valued at amortized cost, which approximates fair value. A portion of the cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments are valued based on net asset value. The Company uses publicly available foreign currency forward and spot rates to measure the fair value of its foreign currency forward contracts.

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Additionally, the Company remeasures certain assets at fair value, using Level 3 inputs, as a result of the occurrence of triggering events such as purchase accounting for acquisitions. See Note 3 - Acquisitions for further discussion.

No other material assets were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Financial Instruments:

The Company’s financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, trade accounts payable, short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Due to their short-term nature, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, trade accounts payable and short-term borrowings are a reasonable estimate of their fair value. Due to the nature of fair value calculations for variable-rate debt, the carrying value of the Company's long-term variable-rate debt is a reasonable estimate of its fair value. The fair value of the Company’s long-term fixed-rate debt, based on quoted market prices, was $1,157.2 million and $1,077.5 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The carrying value of this debt was $1,062.6 million and $1,070.7 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The fair value of long-term fixed-rate debt was measured using Level 2 inputs.

The Company does not believe it has significant concentrations of risk associated with the counterparties to its financial instruments.

Note 18 - Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. The primary risks managed by using derivative instruments are foreign currency exchange rate risk and interest rate risk. Forward contracts on various foreign currencies are entered into in order to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with certain of the Company's commitments denominated in foreign currencies. From time to time, interest rate swaps are used to manage interest rate risk associated with the Company’s fixed and floating-rate borrowings.

The Company designates certain foreign currency forward contracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted revenues and certain interest rate hedges as cash flow hedges of fixed-rate borrowings.

The Company does not purchase or hold any derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had $230.9 million and $218.8 million, respectively, of outstanding foreign currency forward contracts at notional value. Refer to Note 17 - Fair Value for the fair value disclosure of derivative financial instruments.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategy:

For certain derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.

To protect against a reduction in the value of forecasted foreign currency cash flows resulting from export sales, the Company has instituted a foreign currency cash flow hedging program. The Company hedges portions of its forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currencies with forward contracts. When the dollar strengthens significantly against foreign currencies, the decline in the present value of future foreign currency revenue is offset by gains in the fair value of the forward contracts designated as hedges. Conversely, when the dollar weakens, the increase in the present value of future foreign currency cash flows is offset by losses in the fair value of the forward contracts.

The maximum length of time over which the Company hedges its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for forecast transactions is generally eighteen months or less.

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Purpose for Derivative Instruments not designated as Hedging Instruments:

For derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments, the instruments are typically forward contracts. In general, the practice is to reduce volatility by selectively hedging transaction exposures including intercompany loans, accounts payable and accounts receivable. Intercompany loans between entities with different functional currencies typically are hedged with a forward contract at the inception of the loan with a maturity date corresponding to the maturity of the loan. The revaluation of these contracts, as well as the revaluation of the underlying balance sheet items, is recorded directly to the income statement so the adjustment generally offsets the revaluation of the underlying balance sheet items to protect cash payments and reduce income statement volatility.

The following table presents the impact of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and their location within the Consolidated Statements of Income:



		Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income
		Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:	Location of gain or (loss) recognized in income	2019		2018			2019		2018
Foreign currency forward contracts	Other income (expense), net	$	6.3	$	(0.8	)	$	9.0	$	6.4

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)

Overview

Introduction:

The Timken Company designs and manages a growing portfolio of engineered bearings and power transmission products. With more than a century of innovation and increasing knowledge, the Company continuously improves the reliability and efficiency of global machinery and equipment to move the world forward. The Company’s growing product and services portfolio features many strong industrial brands, such as Timken®, Fafnir®, Philadelphia Gear®, Cone Drive®, Diamond Chain®, Drives®, Rollon®, Lovejoy® and Groeneveld®. Timken employs more than 18,000 people globally in 35 countries. The Company operates under two reportable segments: (1) Mobile Industries and (2) Process Industries. The following further describes these business segments:

•

Mobile Industries serves OEM customers that manufacture off-highway equipment for the agricultural, mining and construction markets; on-highway vehicles including passenger cars, light trucks, and medium- and heavy-duty trucks; rail cars and locomotives; outdoor power equipment; rotorcraft and fixed-wing aircraft; and other mobile equipment. Beyond service parts sold to OEMs, aftermarket sales and services to individual end users, equipment owners, operators and maintenance shops are handled directly or through the Company's extensive network of authorized automotive and heavy-truck distributors.

•

Process Industries serves OEM and end-user customers in industries that place heavy demands on the fixed operating equipment they make or use in heavy and other general industrial sectors. This includes metals, cement and aggregate production; power generation and renewable energy sources; oil and gas extraction and refining; pulp and paper and food processing; automation and robotics; and health and critical motion control equipment. Other applications include marine equipment, gear drives, cranes, hoists and conveyors. This segment also supports aftermarket sales and service needs through its global network of authorized industrial distributors and through the provision of services directly to end users.

Timken creates value by understanding customer needs and applying its know-how to serve a broad range of customers in attractive markets and industries across the globe. The Company’s business strengths include its product technology, end-market diversity, geographic reach and aftermarket mix. Timken collaborates with OEMs to improve equipment efficiency with its engineered products and captures subsequent equipment replacement cycles by selling largely through independent channels in the aftermarket. Timken focuses its international efforts and footprint in regions of the world where strong macroeconomic factors such as urbanization, infrastructure development and sustainability create demand for its products and services.

The Company's strategy has three primary elements:

Outgrowing Our Markets. The Company intends to expand into new and existing markets by leveraging its collective knowledge of metallurgy, friction management and mechanical power transmission to create value for Timken customers. Using a highly collaborative technical selling approach, the Company places particular emphasis on creating unique solutions for challenging and/or demanding applications. The Company intends to grow in attractive market sectors around the world, emphasizing those spaces that are highly fragmented, demand high service and value the reliability and efficiency offered by Timken products. The Company also targets those applications that offer significant aftermarket demand, thereby providing product and services revenue throughout the equipment’s lifetime.

Operating With Excellence. Timken operates with a relentless drive for exceptional results and a passion for superior execution. The Company embraces a continuous improvement culture that is charged with increasing efficiency, lowering costs, eliminating waste, encouraging organizational agility and building greater brand equity to fuel future growth. This requires the Company’s ongoing commitment to attract, retain and develop the best talent across the world.

Deploying Capital to Drive Shareholder Value. The Company is intently focused on providing the highest returns for shareholders through its capital allocation framework, which includes: (1) investing in the core business through capital expenditures, research and development and other organic growth initiatives; (2) pursuing strategic acquisitions to broaden its portfolio and capabilities across diverse markets, with a focus on bearings, adjacent power transmission products and related services; (3) returning capital to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases; and (4) maintaining a strong balance sheet and sufficient liquidity. As part of this framework, the Company may also restructure, reposition or divest underperforming product lines or assets.

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The following highlights the Company's recent significant strategic accomplishment:

•

On September 16, 2019, the Company announced it had reached an agreement to acquire BEKA, a leading global supplier of automatic lubrication systems, for approximately $165 million. With expected 2019 annual sales of approximately $135 million, BEKA serves a diverse range of industrial sectors, including wind, food and beverage, rail, on- and off-highway and other process industries. Headquartered in Pegnitz, Germany, BEKA has manufacturing and research and development based in Germany, and assembly facilities and sales offices around the world. This transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and is expected to close during the fourth quarter of this year.

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Overview:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change			% Change
Net sales	$	914.0	$	881.3	$	32.7		3.7	%
Net income	66.7		72.3		(5.6		)	(7.7	)%
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	2.5		0.7		1.8			257.1	%
Net income attributable to The Timken Company	$	64.2	$	71.6	$	(7.4	)	(10.3	)%
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.84	$	0.91	$	(0.07	)	(7.7	)%
Average number of shares – diluted	76,592,694		78,428,105		—			(2.3	)%



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change		% Change
Net sales	$	2,893.7	$	2,670.7	$	223.0	8.3	%
Net income	256.9		244.7		12.2		5.0	%
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest	8.3		1.9		6.4		336.8	%
Net income attributable to The Timken Company	$	248.6	$	242.8	$	5.8	2.4	%
Diluted earnings per share	$	3.23	$	3.09	$	0.14	4.5	%
Average number of shares – diluted	76,902,426		78,645,503		—		(2.2	)%

The increase in net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily driven by the benefit of acquisitions partially offset by lower organic revenue mainly in the Mobile Industries segment and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes. The decrease in net income for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to higher net actuarial losses for defined benefit pension and postretirement plans, lower volume, and a higher tax rate, partially offset by the impact of favorable price/mix, the net benefit of acquisitions, and lower material costs (including tariffs).

The increase in net sales for the first nine months of 2019 compared with the first nine months of 2018 was primarily driven by the benefit of acquisitions and the impact of higher pricing and higher organic revenue in the Process Industries segment, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes. The increase in net income for the first nine months of 2019 compared with the first nine months of 2018 was primarily due to the net benefit of acquisitions, the impact of favorable price/mix, and improved manufacturing utilization, partially offset by higher interest expense, a higher tax rate, and higher net actuarial gains and losses.

Outlook:

The Company expects 2019 full-year sales to increase approximately 5% to 6% compared with 2018 primarily due to the benefit of acquisitions, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes. The Company's earnings are expected to be higher in 2019 compared with 2018, primarily due to favorable price/mix, the benefit of acquisitions, lower material costs, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes, as well as higher income tax and interest expenses. The 2019 outlook does not account for pension and other post retirement mark-to-market charges after September 30, 2019, because such amounts will not be known until triggered or until the annual remeasurement in the fourth quarter.

The Company expects to generate operating cash of approximately $525 million in 2019, an increase from 2018 of approximately $193 million or 58%, as the Company anticipates higher net income and lower working capital requirements. The Company expects capital expenditures of approximately $150 million in 2019, compared with $113 million in 2018.

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The Statement of Income

Sales:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change		% Change
Net Sales	$	914.0	$	881.3	$	32.7	3.7	%



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change		% Change
Net Sales	$	2,893.7	$	2,670.7	$	223.0	8.3	%

Net sales increased for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to the benefit of acquisitions of $70 million, partially offset by lower organic revenue of $26 million and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes of $12 million. The decrease in organic revenue was primarily driven by reduced demand mainly in the Mobile Industries segment, partially offset by improved pricing.

Net sales increased for the first nine months of 2019 compared with the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to the benefit of acquisitions of $239 million and higher organic revenue of $46 million, partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes of $65 million. The increase in organic revenue was driven primarily by improved demand in the Process Industries segment, as well as the impact of improved pricing.

Gross Profit:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change		Change
Gross profit	$	277.5		$	253.3		$	24.2	9.6	%
Gross profit % to net sales	30.4		%	28.7		%			170	bps



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change		Change
Gross profit	$	885.8		$	785.6		$	100.2	12.8	%
Gross profit % to net sales	30.6		%	29.4		%			120	bps

Gross profit increased in the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to the benefit of acquisitions of $23 million and favorable price/mix of $15 million, partially offset by the impact of lower volume of $16 million.

Gross profit increased in the first nine months of 2019 compared with the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to the benefit of acquisitions of $77 million, favorable price/mix of $40 million, and lower logistics costs of $9 million. These factors were partially offset by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes of $11 million, higher material costs (including tariffs) of $10 million and property loss of $7 million.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change		Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	148.0		$	142.0		$	6.0	4.2	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses % to net sales	16.2		%	16.1		%			10	bps



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change		Change
Selling, general and administrative expenses	$	459.4		$	432.4		$	27.0	6.2	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses % to net sales	15.9		%	16.2		%	—		(30	) bps

The increase in selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses when comparing the three and nine months of 2019 with the three and nine months of 2018 was primarily due to the $6.7 million and $38.1 million impact of acquisitions, partially offset by lower compensation expense of $5.3 and $10.2 million, respectively.

Interest Income and Expense:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change			% Change
Interest expense	$	(18.2	)	$	(12.5	)	$	(5.7	)	45.6	%
Interest income	$	1.1		$	0.6		$	0.5		83.3	%



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change			% Change
Interest (expense)	$	(55.5	)	$	(33.2	)	$	(22.3	)	67.2	%
Interest income	$	3.5		$	1.5		$	2.0		133.3	%

The increase in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in outstanding debt to fund acquisitions.

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Other Income (Expense):



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change			% Change
Non-service pension and other postretirement expense	$	(14.4	)	$	(3.2	)	$	(11.2	)	350.0	%
Other income, net	5.8			3.7			2.1			56.8	%
Total other (expense) income, net	$	(8.6	)	$	0.5		$	(9.1	)	NM



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018		$ Change			% Change
Non-service pension and other postretirement (expense) income	$	(14.1	)	$	2.5	$	(16.6	)	(664.0	)%
Other income, net	10.5			7.3		3.2			43.8	%
Total other (expense) income, net	$	(3.6	)	$	9.8	$	(13.4	)	(136.7	)%

Non-service pension and other postretirement expense increased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to higher actuarial losses of $12 million and $14 million, respectively. The actuarial losses were due to a pension and other postretirement benefit remeasurement. See Note 14 - Retirement Benefit Plans and Note 15 - Other Postretirement Benefit Plans for further discussion.

Income Tax Expense:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change		% Change
Provision for income taxes	$	35.5		$	25.0		$	10.5	42.0	%
Effective tax rate	34.7		%	25.7		%			900 bps



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change		Change
Provision for income taxes	$	110.4		$	83.5		$	26.9	32.2	%
Effective tax rate	30.1		%	25.4		%			470 bps

Income tax expense increased $10.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to a projected increase in the mix of earnings in international jurisdictions with relatively higher tax rates. Income tax expense also increased due to higher discrete tax benefits in the prior year period.

Income tax expense increased $26.9 million for the first nine months of 2019 compared with the first nine months of 2018 primarily due to higher projected pretax earnings in international jurisdictions with relatively higher tax rates. Income tax expense also increased due to higher discrete tax expense in the current year period primarily related to additional accruals for uncertain tax positions related to U.S. Tax Reform, as well as higher discrete tax benefits recorded in the prior year.

Refer to Note 16 - Income Taxes for more information on the computation of the income tax expense in interim periods.

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Business Segments

The Company's reportable segments are business units that serve different industry sectors. While the segments often operate using shared infrastructure, each reportable segment is managed to address specific customer needs in these diverse market sectors. The primary measurement used by management to measure the financial performance of each segment is EBIT. Refer to Note 13 - Segment Information for the reconciliation of EBIT by segment to consolidated income before income taxes.

The presentation of segment results below includes a reconciliation of the changes in net sales for each segment reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP to net sales adjusted to remove the effects of acquisitions and divestitures completed in 2019 and 2018 and foreign currency exchange rate changes. The effects of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange rate changes on net sales are removed to allow investors and the Company to meaningfully evaluate the percentage change in net sales on a comparable basis from period to period.

The following items highlight the Company's acquisitions and divestitures completed in 2019 and 2018 by segment based on the customers and underlying markets served:


•	The Company acquired Diamond Chain during the second quarter of 2019. Substantially all of the results for Diamond Chain are reported in the Process Industries segment.


•	The Company acquired Rollon, Cone Drive and ABC Bearings during the third quarter of 2018. Substantially all of the results for Cone Drive and Rollon are reported in the Process Industries segment. Substantially all of the results for ABC Bearings are reported in the Mobile Industries segment.


•	The Company divested Groeneveld Information Technology Holding B.V. (the "ICT Business") on September 19, 2018. Results for the ICT Business were reported in the Mobile Industries segment.

Mobile Industries Segment:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change			Change
Net sales	$	455.1		$	464.2		$	(9.1	)	(2.0	%)
EBIT	$	52.0		$	50.6		$	1.4		2.8	%
EBIT margin	11.4		%	10.9		%				50	bps



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018		$ Change			% Change
Net sales	$	455.1		$	464.2	$	(9.1	)	(2.0	%)
Less: Acquisitions	20.2			—		20.2			NM
Divestitures	(2.0		)	—		(2.0		)	NM
Currency	(5.2		)	—		(5.2		)	NM
Net sales, excluding the impact of acquisitions, divestitures and currency	$	442.1		$	464.2	$	(22.1	)	(4.8	%)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change		% Change
Net sales	$	1,448.8		$	1,441.8		$	7.0	0.5	%
EBIT	$	172.5		$	156.2		$	16.3	10.4	%
EBIT margin	11.9		%	10.8		%	—		110	bps

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018		$ Change			% Change
Net sales	$	1,448.8		$	1,441.8	$	7.0		0.5	%
Less: Acquisitions	67.0			—		67.0			NM
Divestitures	(8.5		)	—		(8.5		)	NM
Currency	(32.7		)	—		(32.7		)	NM
Net sales, excluding the impact of acquisitions, divestitures and currency	$	1,423.0		$	1,441.8	$	(18.8	)	(1.3	%)

The Mobile Industries segment's net sales, excluding the effects of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange rate changes, decreased $22.1 million or 4.8% in the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2018, reflecting lower shipments in the off highway and heavy truck sectors, partially offset by organic growth in the rail and automotive sectors, as well as higher pricing. EBIT increased by $1.4 million or 2.8% in the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to favorable price/mix, lower material and logistics costs, the benefit of acquisitions, net of divestitures, partially offset by the impact of lower volume and related manufacturing utilization.

The Mobile Industries segment's net sales, excluding the effects of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign currency exchange rate changes, decreased $18.8 million or 1.3% in the first nine months of 2019 compared with the first nine months of 2018, reflecting lower shipments in the off highway and heavy truck sectors, partially offset by organic growth in the aerospace, automotive and rail sectors, as well as higher pricing. EBIT increased by $16.3 million or 10.4% in the first nine months of 2019 compared with the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to the net benefit of acquisitions, lower logistics costs, lower SG&A and favorable price/mix. These factors were partially offset by the impact of lower volume, as well as property losses and related expenses from flood damage at a Company facility in Tennessee and fire damage at its facility in China.

Full-year sales for the Mobile Industries segment are expected to be approximately flat to down 1% in 2019 compared with 2018. This reflects slightly lower organic revenue in off-highway and heavy truck and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes, partially offset by the growth in the aerospace and rail sectors, as well as benefit of acquisitions net of divestitures. EBIT for the Mobile Industries segment is expected to increase in 2019 compared with 2018 primarily due to the impact of favorable price/mix, lower logistics and SG&A costs, and the impact of acquisitions, partially offset by the impact of lower volume and unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate changes.

Process Industries Segment:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change		Change
Net sales	$	458.9		$	417.1		$	41.8	10.0	%
EBIT	$	95.6		$	81.8		$	13.8	16.9	%
EBIT margin	20.8		%	19.6		%			120 bps



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018		$ Change			% Change
Net sales	$	458.9		$	417.1	$	41.8		10.0	%
Less: Acquisitions	52.1			—		52.1			NM
Currency	(6.5		)	—		(6.5		)	NM
Net sales, excluding the impact of acquisitions and currency	$	413.3		$	417.1	$	(3.8	)	(0.9	)%

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change		Change
Net sales	$	1,444.9		$	1,228.9		$	216.0	17.6	%
EBIT	$	304.8		$	254.0		$	50.8	20.0	%
EBIT margin	21.1		%	20.7		%			40	bps



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018		$ Change			% Change
Net sales	$	1,444.9		$	1,228.9	$	216.0		17.6	%
Less: Acquisitions	181.0			—		181.0			NM
Currency	(32.0		)	—		(32.0		)	NM
Net sales, excluding the impact of acquisitions and currency	$	1,295.9		$	1,228.9	$	67.0		5.5	%

The Process Industries segment's net sales, excluding the effects of acquisitions and foreign currency exchange rate changes, decreased $3.8 million or 0.9% in the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily driven by lower demand across most sectors, including industrial services and general industrial, partially offset by increased demand in the wind and marine sectors, as well as positive pricing. EBIT increased $13.8 million or 16.9% in the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to favorable price/mix, the net benefit of acquisitions, and lower tariff costs. These factors were partially offset by the impact of lower volume.

The Process Industries segment's net sales, excluding the effects of acquisitions and foreign currency exchange rate changes, increased $67.0 million or 5.5% in the first nine months of 2019 compared with the first nine months of 2018. The increase was primarily driven by increased demand across most sectors, led by wind energy, heavy industries, marine, and industrial distribution, as well as positive pricing. EBIT increased $50.8 million or 20.0% in the first nine months of 2019 compared with the first nine months of 2018 primarily due to the net benefit of acquisitions, favorable price/mix, and higher volume. These factors were partially offset by higher material costs (including tariffs), higher SG&A costs, and the negative impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes.

Full-year sales for the Process Industries segment are expected to be up approximately 12% to 13% in 2019 compared with 2018. This reflects the expected benefit of acquisitions, as well as organic growth in the renewable energy and marine market sectors, partially offset by a decline in industrial services and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes. EBIT for the Process Industries segment is expected to increase in 2019 compared with 2018 primarily due to favorable price/mix, the benefit of acquisitions, the impact of higher volume, and related improved manufacturing utilization, partially offset by higher SG&A expense, the negative impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes, and higher material costs (including tariffs).

Corporate:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change			Change
Corporate expenses	$	11.4		$	17.9		$	(6.5	)	(36.3%)
Corporate expenses % to net sales	1.2		%	2.0		%				(80) bps



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change			Change
Corporate expenses	$	41.1		$	47.2		$	(6.1	)	(12.9%)
Corporate expenses % to net sales	1.4		%	1.8		%				(40) bps

Corporate expenses decreased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to higher transaction costs related to acquisitions in 2018.

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The Balance Sheet

The following discussion is a comparison of the Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Current Assets:



	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		$ Change			% Change
Cash and cash equivalents	$	181.4	$	132.5	$	48.9		36.9	%
Restricted cash	0.5		0.6		(0.1		)	(16.7	)%
Accounts receivable, net	548.3		546.6		1.7			0.3	%
Unbilled receivables	151.6		116.6		35.0			30.0	%
Inventories, net	805.3		835.7		(30.4		)	(3.6	)%
Deferred charges and prepaid expenses	30.1		28.2		1.9			6.7	%
Other current assets	90.2		77.0		13.2			17.1	%
Total current assets	$	1,807.4	$	1,737.2	$	70.2		4.0	%

Refer to the "Cash Flows" section for discussion on the change in Cash and cash equivalents. Unbilled receivables increased primarily due to higher marine production and related revenue recognized over time in September 2019 compared to December 2018. Inventories primarily decreased due to the Company's efforts to reduce inventory to meet current demand and the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes, partially offset by inventory related to recent acquisitions. The increase in other current assets was primarily due to the increase in the fair value of derivative instruments outstanding.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net:



	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		$ Change			% Change
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	906.8	$	912.1	$	(5.3	)	(0.6	)%

The decrease in net property, plant and equipment ("PP&E") for the first nine months of 2019 was primarily due to depreciation in 2019 of $77 million and the net impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes of $19 million, partially offset by capital expenditures of $81 million and the addition of PP&E related to recent acquisitions of $11 million.

Operating Lease Assets



	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		$ Change		% Change
Operating lease assets	$	115.0	$	—	$	115.0	NM

The increase in operating lease assets in the first nine months of 2019 was primarily due to the adoption of the new lease accounting standard. The increase also includes the reclassification of $15.3 million of lease assets from non-current assets to operating lease assets related to purchase accounting adjustments from the ABC Bearings acquisition. These assets do not have corresponding lease liabilities. Refer to Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

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Other Assets:



	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		$ Change			% Change
Goodwill	$	954.7	$	960.5	$	(5.8	)	(0.6	)%
Other intangible assets	702.8		733.2		(30.4		)	(4.1	)%
Non-current pension assets	11.8		6.2		5.6			90.3	%
Non-current other postretirement benefit assets	23.5		—		23.5			NM
Deferred income taxes	27.3		59.0		(31.7		)	(53.7	)%
Other non-current assets	16.0		37.0		(21.0		)	(56.8	)%
Total other assets	$	1,736.1	$	1,795.9	$	(59.8	)	(3.3	)%

The decrease in other intangible assets was primarily due to current-year amortization of $43 million and the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes of $21 million, partially offset by current-year acquisitions of $31 million. During the third quarter, the Company made changes to the medical plan offerings for certain Company postretirement benefit plans, effective January 1, 2020, which will impact the benefits provided to certain retirees. The plan amendment triggered a remeasurement, which resulted in a reduction in the postretirement benefit obligation and a corresponding pretax adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss. In addition, as a result of the remeasurement, certain postretirement benefit plans became overfunded by $23.5 million. The remeasurement also resulted in a reduction in deferred income taxes of $25 million for the first nine months of 2019. See Note 15 - Other Postretirement Benefit Plans for further discussion. The decrease in other non-current assets was primarily due to the reclassification of $15.3 million of lease assets from non-current assets to operating lease assets related to the ABC Bearings acquisition.

Current Liabilities:



	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		$ Change			% Change
Short-term debt	$	34.8	$	33.6	$	1.2		3.6	%
Current portion of long-term debt	61.8		9.4		52.4			557.4	%
Short-term operating lease liabilities	28.0		—		28.0			NM
Accounts payable	265.2		273.2		(8.0		)	(2.9	)%
Salaries, wages and benefits	116.9		174.9		(58.0		)	(33.2	)%
Income taxes payable	23.2		23.5		(0.3		)	(1.3	)%
Other current liabilities	174.7		171.0		3.7			2.2	%
Total current liabilities	$	704.6	$	685.6	$	19.0		2.8	%

The increase in the current portion of long-term debt was primarily due to the 2020 Term Loan being reclassified to current portion of long-term debt as it matures on September 18, 2020.

The increase in short-term operating lease liabilities was primarily due to the adoption of the new lease accounting standard. Refer to Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

The decrease in accrued salaries, wages and benefits was primarily due to timing as the payments for 2018 performance-based compensation exceeded accruals for 2019 performance-based compensation expense during the first nine months of the year. In addition, the current pension liability decreased due to the payout of deferred compensation to a former executive of the Company.

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Non-Current Liabilities:



	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		$ Change			% Change
Long-term debt	$	1,553.5	$	1,638.6	$	(85.1	)	(5.2	)%
Accrued pension benefits	167.8		161.3		6.5			4.0	%
Accrued postretirement benefits	36.9		108.7		(71.8		)	(66.1	)%
Long-term operating lease liabilities	72.3		—		72.3			NM
Deferred income taxes	131.7		138.0		(6.3		)	(4.6	)%
Other non-current liabilities	81.0		70.3		10.7			15.2	%
Total non-current liabilities	$	2,043.2	$	2,116.9	$	(73.7	)	(3.5	)%

The decrease in long-term debt was primarily due to the 2020 Term Loan being reclassified to current portion of long- term debt as it matures on September 18, 2020. In addition, $13 million of the outstanding borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Facility was classified as short-term and reflects the Company's expectations relative to the minimum borrowing base at September 30, 2019.

The decrease in accrued postretirement benefits was primarily due to changes to the medical plan offerings for certain of the Company's postretirement benefit plans, effective January 1, 2020, which will impact the benefits provided to certain retirees. The plan amendment triggered a remeasurement, which resulted in a $103.5 million reduction in the postretirement benefit obligation and a corresponding pretax adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive loss. This reduction was partially offset by a reclassification of $22.6 million to a non-current postretirement benefit asset as one of the Company’s plans became over-funded, as well as the recognition of actuarial losses of $9.9 million due to the remeasurement of plan assets and obligations.

The increase in long-term operating lease liabilities was primarily due to the adoption of the new lease accounting standard. Refer to Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Shareholders’ Equity:



	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018			$ Change			% Change
Common shares	$	998.6		$	1,005.0		$	(6.4	)	(0.6	)%
Earnings invested in the business	1,815.0			1,630.2			184.8			11.3	%
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(80.1		)	(95.3		)	15.2			(15.9	)%
Treasury shares	(988.7		)	(960.3		)	(28.4		)	3.0	%
Noncontrolling interest	72.7			63.1			9.6			15.2	%
Total shareholders’ equity	$	1,817.5		$	1,642.7		$	174.8		10.6	%

Earnings invested in the business in the first nine months of 2019 increased by net income attributable to the Company of $248.6 million, partially offset by dividends declared of $63.8 million.

The decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss was primarily due to a reduction in the postretirement benefit obligation due to a plan amendment that had a corresponding after-tax impact of $78 million ($103.5 million pretax) to accumulated other comprehensive loss, partially offset by foreign currency adjustments of $61 million. See Other Disclosures - Foreign Currency for further discussion regarding the impact of foreign currency translation.

The increase in treasury shares was primarily due to the Company's purchase of 1.3 million of its common shares for $56.1 million, partially offset by $35 million of new shares issued for stock compensation plans for 2019.

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Cash Flows



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	354.8		$	195.0		$	159.8
Net cash used in investing activities	(162.2		)	(810.3		)	648.1
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(137.4		)	657.3			(794.7		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(6.4		)	(12.4		)	6.0
Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	48.8		$	29.6		$	19.2

Operating Activities:

The increase in net cash provided by operating activities for the first nine months of 2019 compared with the first nine months of 2018 was primarily due to a decrease in cash used for working capital items of $157.6 million, higher net income of $12.2 million, and the favorable impact of income taxes on cash of $9.0 million. These favorable items were partially offset by an increase in pension and other postretirement benefit contributions and payments of $24.7 million. Refer to the tables below for additional detail of the impact of each line item on net cash provided by operating activities.

The following table displays the impact of working capital items on cash during the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change
Cash (Used) Provided:
Accounts receivable	$	(6.4	)	$	(65.7	)	$	59.3
Unbilled receivables	(35.0		)	(37.6		)	2.6
Inventories	37.8			(94.3		)	132.1
Trade accounts payable	(7.4		)	(9.9		)	2.5
Other accrued expenses	(28.7		)	10.2			(38.9		)
Cash used in working capital items	$	(39.7	)	$	(197.3	)	$	157.6

The following table displays the impact of income taxes on cash during the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively:



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change
Accrued income tax expense	$	110.4		$	83.5		$	26.9
Income tax payments	(97.5		)	(82.0		)	(15.5		)
Other miscellaneous items	(2.2		)	0.2			(2.4		)
Change in income taxes	$	10.7		$	1.7		$	9.0

Investing Activities:

Net cash used in investing activities of $162.2 million for the first nine months of 2019 decreased $648.1 million from the same period in 2018 primarily due to a $682.7 million reduction in cash used for acquisitions in 2019, partially offset by a $20.1 million increase in cash used for capital expenditures and a $14 million decrease in cash proceeds from the divestiture of the ICT Business completed in 2018.

Financing Activities:

The cash used by financing activities for the first nine months of 2019 compared with the cash provided in the first nine months of 2018 was primarily due to a decrease in net borrowings of $795.3 million. Net borrowings decreased $15.9 million for the first nine months of 2019. Net borrowings increased $779.4 million for the same period in 2018 to fund the Cone Drive and Rollon acquisitions.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources:

Reconciliation of total debt to net debt and the ratio of net debt to capital:

Net Debt:



	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Short-term debt	$	34.8	$	33.6
Current portion of long-term debt	61.8		9.4
Long-term debt	1,553.5		1,638.6
Total debt	$	1,650.1	$	1,681.6
Less: Cash and cash equivalents	181.4		132.5
Restricted cash	0.5		0.6
Net debt	$	1,468.2	$	1,548.5

Ratio of Net Debt to Capital:



	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Net debt	$	1,468.2		$	1,548.5
Total equity	1,817.5			1,642.7
Net debt plus total equity (capital)	$	3,285.7		$	3,191.2
Ratio of net debt to capital	44.7		%	48.5		%

The Company presents net debt because it believes net debt is more representative of the Company's financial position than total debt due to the amount of cash and cash equivalents held by the Company and the ability to utilize such cash and cash equivalents to reduce debt if needed.

The Company has a $100 million Accounts Receivable Facility, which matures on November 30, 2021. The Accounts Receivable Facility is subject to certain borrowing base limitations and is secured by certain domestic accounts receivable of the Company. Borrowings under the Accounts Receivable Facility were not reduced by any such borrowing base limitations at September 30, 2019. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $100.0 million in outstanding borrowings, which reduced the availability under the facility to zero. The interest rate on the Accounts Receivable Facility is variable and was 3.09% as of September 30, 2019, which reflects the prevailing commercial paper rate plus facility fees.

On June 25, 2019, the Company entered into the Senior Credit Facility, which is a $650.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility that matures on June 25, 2024. At September 30, 2019, the Senior Credit Facility had outstanding borrowings of $69.3 million, which reduced the availability to $580.7 million. The Senior Credit Facility has two financial covenants: a consolidated leverage ratio and a consolidated interest coverage ratio. The maximum consolidated leverage ratio permitted under the Senior Credit Facility is 3.5 to 1.0 (increasing for a limited time period following qualifying acquisitions). As of September 30, 2019, the Company's consolidated leverage ratio was 2.3 to 1.0. The minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio permitted under the Senior Credit Facility is 3.0 to 1.0. As of September 30, 2019, the Company's consolidated interest coverage ratio was 10.4 to 1.0.

The interest rate under the Senior Credit Facility is variable and with a spread based on the Company's debt rating. This average rate on outstanding U.S. Dollar borrowings was 3.26% and the average rate on outstanding Euro borrowings was 1.00% as of September 30, 2019. In addition, the Company pays a facility fee based on the consolidated leverage ratio multiplied by the aggregate commitments of all of the lenders under the Senior Credit Facility.

Other sources of liquidity include short-term lines of credit for certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries, which provide for borrowings of up to approximately $261.9 million. Most of these credit lines are uncommitted. At September 30, 2019, the Company had borrowings outstanding of $22.0 million and bank guarantees of $0.3 million, which reduced the aggregate availability under these facilities to approximately $239.6 million.

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On September 6, 2018, the Company issued the 2028 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $400 million. On September 11, 2018, the Company entered into the 2023 Term Loan and borrowed $350 million. Proceeds from the 2028 Notes and 2023 Term Loan were used to fund the acquisitions of Cone Drive and Rollon, which closed on September 1, 2018 and September 18, 2018, respectively. On July 12, 2019, the Company amended the terms of the 2023 Term Loan to among other things, align covenants and other terms with the Company’s Senior Credit Facility. Refer to Note 7 - Financing Arrangements to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

On September 7, 2017, the Company issued the 2027 Notes in the aggregate principal amount of €150 million. On September 18, 2017, the Company entered into the 2020 Term Loan and borrowed €100 million. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company repaid €23.5 million under the 2020 Term Loan bringing the total paid to-date to €52 million, which reduced the principal balance to €49 million as of September 30, 2019. Refer to Note 7 - Financing Arrangements to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

At September 30, 2019, $172.2 million of the Company's $181.4 million of cash and cash equivalents resided in jurisdictions outside the U.S. It is the Company's practice to use available cash in the U.S. to pay down its Senior Credit Facility or Accounts Receivable Facility in order to minimize interest expense. Repatriation of non-U.S. cash could be subject to taxes and some portion may be subject to governmental restrictions. Part of the Company's strategy is to grow in attractive market sectors, many of which are outside the U.S. This strategy includes making investments in facilities, equipment and potential new acquisitions. The Company plans to fund these investments, as well as meet working capital requirements, with cash and cash equivalents and unused lines of credit within the geographic location of these investments where feasible.

The Company expects that any cash requirements in excess of cash on hand and cash generated from operating activities will be met by the committed funds available under its Accounts Receivable Facility and Senior Credit Facility. Management believes it has sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations through the term of the Senior Credit Facility.

At September 30, 2019, the Company was in full compliance with all applicable covenants on its outstanding debt, and the Company expects to remain in full compliance with its debt covenants. However, the Company may need to limit its borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility or other facilities from time to time in order to remain in compliance. As of September 30, 2019, the Company could have borrowed the full amounts available under the Senior Credit Facility and Accounts Receivable Facility and still would have been in compliance with its debt covenants.

The Company expects cash from operations of approximately $525 million in 2019, an increase from 2018 of approximately $193 million or 58%, as the Company anticipates higher net income and lower working capital requirements. The Company expects capital expenditures of approximately $150 million in 2019, compared with $113 million in 2018.

Financing Obligations and Other Commitments:

During the first nine months of 2019, the Company made cash contributions and payments of $33.3 million to its global defined benefit pension plans and $3.8 million to its other postretirement benefit plans. Approximately $24 million of the total contributions and payments for the Company's global defined benefit pension plans related to the 2019 payout of deferred compensation to a former executive officer of the Company, which triggered a pension remeasurement during the third quarter of 2019. The Company expects to make additional payments of approximately $5 million to its other postretirement benefit plans in the fourth quarter of 2019. During July 2019, the Company announced changes to the medical plan offerings for certain of its postretirement benefit plans, effective January 1, 2020, which will impact the benefits provided to certain retirees. These plan amendments triggered a remeasurement during the third quarter of 2019. Excluding mark-to-market charges, the Company expects slightly lower pension and other postretirement benefits expense. Future pension and other postretirement mark-to-market charges are not accounted for in the 2019 outlook because such amounts will not be known until the fourth quarter of 2019.

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements with unconsolidated entities or other persons.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates:

The Company's financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. The Company reviews its critical accounting policies throughout the year. The Company has concluded that there have been no significant changes to its critical accounting policies or estimates, as described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Other Matters

Foreign Currency:

Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries are translated at the rate of exchange in effect on the balance sheet date; income and expenses are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the reporting period. Related translation adjustments are reflected as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Foreign currency gains and losses resulting from transactions, and the related hedging activity, are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded negative foreign currency translation adjustments of $61.9 million that decreased shareholders' equity, compared with negative foreign currency translation adjustments of $35.3 million that decreased shareholders' equity for the first nine months ended September 30, 2018. The foreign currency translation adjustments for the first nine months ended September 30, 2019 were negatively impacted by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to other foreign currencies, including the Euro, Chinese Renminbi (Yuan), and Romanian Leu.

Foreign currency exchange gains and losses, net of hedging activity, resulting from transactions included in the Company's operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2019 totaled $2.2 million of net gains, compared with $3.0 million of net gains during the three months ended September 30, 2018. Foreign currency exchange gains and losses, net of hedging activity, resulting from transactions included in the Company's operating results for the first nine months of 2019 totaled $5.3 million of net gains, compared with $1.7 million of net gains during the first nine months of 2018.

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Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements set forth in this Form 10-Q and in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 that are not historical in nature (including the Company's forecasts, beliefs and expectations) are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In particular, Management's Discussion and Analysis contains numerous forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally will be accompanied by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “outlook,” “intend,” “may,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q. The Company cautions readers that actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company due to a variety of factors, such as:

•

deterioration in world economic conditions, or in economic conditions in any of the geographic regions in which the Company or its customers or suppliers conduct business, including adverse effects from a global economic slowdown, terrorism or hostilities. This includes: political risks associated with the potential instability of governments and legal systems in countries in which the Company or its customers or suppliers conduct business, changes in currency valuations and recent world events that have increased the risks posed by international trade disputes, tariffs and sanctions;

•

the effects of fluctuations in customer demand on sales, product mix and prices in the industries in which the Company operates. This includes: the ability of the Company to respond to rapid changes in customer demand, the effects of customer or supplier bankruptcies or liquidations, the impact of changes in industrial business cycles and whether conditions of fair trade continue in the Company's markets;


•	competitive factors, including changes in market penetration, increasing price competition by existing or new foreign and domestic competitors, the introduction of new products by existing and new competitors and new technology that may impact the way the Company’s products are sold or distributed;

•

changes in operating costs. This includes: the effect of changes in the Company’s manufacturing processes; changes in costs associated with varying levels of operations and manufacturing capacity; availability and cost of raw materials and energy; changes in the expected costs associated with product warranty claims; changes resulting from inventory management and cost reduction initiatives; the effects of unplanned plant shutdowns; and changes in the cost of labor and benefits;


•	the success of the Company’s operating plans, announced programs, initiatives and capital investments; the ability to integrate acquired companies; and the ability of acquired companies to achieve satisfactory operating results, including results being accretive to earnings;


•	the Company’s ability to maintain appropriate relations with unions or works councils that represent Company associates in certain locations in order to avoid disruptions of business;


•	unanticipated litigation, claims, investigations or assessments. This includes: claims or problems related to intellectual property, product liability or warranty, environmental issues and taxes;


•	changes in worldwide financial and capital markets, including availability of financing and interest rates on satisfactory terms, which affect the Company’s cost of funds and/or ability to raise capital, as well as customer demand and the ability of customers to obtain financing to purchase the Company’s products or equipment that contain the Company’s products;


•	the Company's ability to satisfy its obligations under its debt agreements, as well as its ability to renew or refinance borrowings on favorable terms;


•	the impact on the Company's pension obligations and assets due to changes in interest rates, investment performance and other tactics designed to reduce risk; and


•	those items identified under Item 1A. Risk Factors in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Additional risks relating to the Company's business, the industries in which the Company operates, or the Company's common shares may be described from time to time in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. All of these risk factors are difficult to predict, are subject to material uncertainties that may affect actual results and may be beyond the Company's control.

Readers are cautioned that it is not possible to predict or identify all of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that may affect future results and that the above list should not be considered to be a complete list. Except as required by the federal securities laws, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Refer to information appearing under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Form 10-Q. Furthermore, a discussion of market risk exposures is included in Part II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. There have been no material changes in reported market risk since the inclusion of this discussion in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K referenced above.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES


(a)	Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)). Based upon that evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.


(b)	Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the Company’s most recent fiscal quarter, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

In the second quarter of the fiscal year 2019, the Company acquired Diamond Chain. The scope of the Company's assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting will not include this acquisition. This exclusion is in accordance with the SEC's general guidance that an assessment of a recently acquired business may be omitted from the Company's scope in the year of the acquisition.

During the third quarter of 2018, the Company acquired ABC Bearings, Cone Drive and Rollon. The results of these acquisitions are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the first nine months of 2019. The combined total and net assets of ABC Bearings, Cone Drive, and Rollon represent 23% and 45% of the Company’s total and net assets, respectively as of September 30, 2019. The combined net sales and net income of ABC Bearings, Cone Drive, and Rollon represented 8% of the Company’s consolidated net sales and 10% of the Company’s consolidated net income for the first nine months of 2019. The Company is currently integrating these acquisitions into its internal control framework and processes, and as prescribed by U.S Securities and Exchange Commission rules and regulations, the Company will include ABC Bearings, Cone Drive, and Rollon in the internal control over financial reporting assessment as of December 31, 2019.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company is involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, included a detailed discussion of our risk factors. There have been no material changes to the risk factors included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Issuer Purchases of Common Shares

The following table provides information about purchases by the Company of its common shares during the quarter ended September 30, 2019.



Period	Total number of shares purchased ⁽¹⁾	Average price paid per share ⁽²⁾		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs ⁽³⁾
7/1/19 - 7/31/19	250,328	$	48.54	250,000	6,010,710
8/1/19 - 8/31/19	456,649	40.90		452,500	5,558,210
9/1/19 - 9/30/19	47,500	39.85		47,500	5,510,710
Total	754,477	$	43.37	750,000


(1)	Of the shares purchased in July and August, 328 and 4,149, respectively, represent common shares of the Company that were owned and tendered by employees to exercise stock options and to satisfy withholding obligations in connection with the exercise of stock options or vesting of restricted shares.

(2)

For shares tendered in connection with the vesting of restricted shares, the average price paid per share is an average calculated using the daily high and low of the Company's common shares as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange at the time of vesting. For shares tendered in connection with the exercise of stock options, the price paid is the real-time trading stock price at the time the options are exercised.

(3)

On February 6, 2017, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a share purchase plan pursuant to which the Company may purchase up to ten million of its common shares in the aggregate. This share repurchase plan expires on February 28, 2021. The Company may purchase shares from time to time in open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions. The Company may make all or part of the purchases pursuant to accelerated share repurchases or Rule 10b5-1 plans.

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Item 6. Exhibits



31.1	Certification of Richard G. Kyle, President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) of The Timken Company, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2	Certification of Philip D. Fracassa, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) of The Timken Company, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32	Certifications of Richard G. Kyle, President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Philip D. Fracassa, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) of The Timken Company, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101	Financial statements from the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of The Timken Company for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, filed on October 31, 2019, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



		THE TIMKEN COMPANY
Date: October 31, 2019		By: /s/ Richard G. Kyle
		Richard G. Kyle President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: October 31, 2019		By: /s/ Philip D. Fracassa
		Philip D. Fracassa Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)