TRINITY INDUSTRIES INC - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q


(Mark One)
☑			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2022


			OR
☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________ .

Commission File Number 1-6903

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		75-0225040
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
14221 N. Dallas Parkway, Suite 1100
Dallas,	Texas	75254-2957
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(214) 631-4420

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	TRN	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨

Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No þ

At October 18, 2022, the number of shares of common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding was 81,403,369.

TRINITY INDUSTRIES, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Caption			Page
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements			3
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			33
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			54
Item 4. Controls and Procedures			54

PART II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings			55
Item 1A. Risk Factors			55
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			55
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities			55
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures			55
Item 5. Other Information			55
Item 6. Exhibits			56

SIGNATURES			57

Table of Contents

PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements

Trinity Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in millions, except per share amounts)
Revenues:
Manufacturing	$	302.0	$	234.5	$	813.5	$	490.2
Leasing	194.6		185.3		572.6		553.6
	496.6		419.8		1,386.1		1,043.8
Operating costs:
Cost of revenues:
Manufacturing	288.0		238.8		804.4		488.0
Leasing	107.3		98.6		315.0		297.8
	395.3		337.4		1,119.4		785.8
Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses:
Manufacturing	8.7		8.3		25.4		25.4
Leasing	14.2		11.6		39.6		36.1
Other	25.1		25.9		72.7		75.2
	48.0		45.8		137.7		136.7
Gains on dispositions of property:
Lease portfolio sales	34.3		32.9		73.0		45.7
Other	5.1		8.7		19.5		19.5
	39.4		41.6		92.5		65.2

Restructuring activities, net	—		(0.1)		1.0		(1.1)
Total operating profit	92.7		78.3		220.5		187.6
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense, net	55.0		45.2		148.2		147.5
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		1.5		11.7

Other, net	(0.6)		(0.7)		(2.7)		1.3
	54.4		44.5		147.0		160.5
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	38.3		33.8		73.5		27.1
Provision (benefit) for income taxes:
Current	(2.6)		0.5		1.2		5.7
Deferred	11.2		7.8		16.2		3.7
	8.6		8.3		17.4		9.4
Income from continuing operations	29.7		25.5		56.1		17.7
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of provision (benefit) for income taxes of $(1.0), $3.6, $(3.5), and $8.0	(3.4)		10.4		(13.7)		24.3
Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of benefit for income taxes of $—, $—, $1.4, and $—	—		—		(5.7)		—
Net income	26.3		35.9		36.7		42.0
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	0.5		3.9		7.9		(6.0)
Net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	25.8	$	32.0	$	28.8	$	48.0

Basic earnings per common share:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.36	$	0.22	$	0.59	$	0.23
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	(0.04)		0.11		(0.24)		0.23
Basic net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	0.32	$	0.33	$	0.35	$	0.46
Diluted earnings per common share:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.35	$	0.22	$	0.57	$	0.22
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	(0.04)		0.11		(0.23)		0.23
Diluted net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	0.31	$	0.33	$	0.34	$	0.45
Weighted average number of shares outstanding:
Basic	81.7		97.7		82.3		103.4
Diluted	83.3		99.5		84.4		105.7

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Trinity Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Net income	$	26.3	$	35.9	$	36.7	$	42.0
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Derivative financial instruments:
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period, net of tax benefit (expense) of $(3.0), $0.2, $(8.4), and $(1.5)	10.0		(0.8)		26.8		5.0
Reclassification adjustments for losses included in net income, net of tax benefit (expense) of $(0.1), $0.3, $1.2, and $0.6	0.2		1.8		4.6		2.9
Defined benefit plans:

Amortization of net actuarial losses, net of tax benefit of $—, $—, $—, and $0.1	0.1		—		0.2		0.1
Currency translation adjustments:
Reclassification adjustments for losses included in discontinued operations, net of tax benefit of $—, $—, $—, and $—	—		—		1.3		—
	10.3		1.0		32.9		8.0
Comprehensive income	36.6		36.9		69.6		50.0
Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest	0.8		4.2		7.4		(5.0)
Comprehensive income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	35.8	$	32.7	$	62.2	$	55.0

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Trinity Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(unaudited)
	(in millions)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	58.5	$	167.3

Receivables, net of allowance	280.2		227.6
Income tax receivable	11.0		5.4
Inventories:
Raw materials and supplies	481.7		278.4
Work in process	150.0		91.6
Finished goods	54.8		62.9
	686.5		432.9
Restricted cash, including partially-owned subsidiaries of $63.1 and $58.6	180.2		135.1
Property, plant, and equipment, at cost, including partially-owned subsidiaries of $1,920.5 and $1,927.7	9,244.8		9,105.6
Less accumulated depreciation, including partially-owned subsidiaries of $591.8 and $568.4	(2,351.0)		(2,258.7)
	6,893.8		6,846.9
Goodwill	159.5		154.2
Other assets	329.4		266.5
Total assets	$	8,599.1	$	8,235.9

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Accounts payable	$	286.6	$	206.4
Accrued liabilities	288.9		307.4
Debt:
Recourse	459.0		398.7
Non-recourse:
Wholly-owned subsidiaries	3,844.5		3,555.8
Partially-owned subsidiaries	1,190.2		1,216.1
	5,493.7		5,170.6
Deferred income taxes	1,128.5		1,106.8
Other liabilities	140.3		147.9
Total liabilities	7,338.0		6,939.1

Preferred stock – 1.5 shares authorized and unissued	—		—
Common stock – 400.0 shares authorized	0.8		0.8
Capital in excess of par value	6.1		—
Retained earnings	997.7		1,046.6
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	16.4		(17.0)
Treasury stock	(15.1)		(0.6)
	1,005.9		1,029.8
Noncontrolling interest	255.2		267.0
Total stockholders' equity	1,261.1		1,296.8
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	8,599.1	$	8,235.9

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Trinity Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in millions)
Operating activities:
Net income	$	36.7	$	42.0
(Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	13.7		(24.3)
Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes	5.7		—
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations:
Depreciation and amortization	206.0		200.4
Stock-based compensation expense	16.7		15.2

Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes	16.2		3.7
Net gains on lease portfolio sales	(71.7)		(45.7)
Gains on dispositions of property and other assets	(12.0)		(16.4)
Gains on insurance recoveries from property damage	(7.5)		(4.7)


Non-cash interest expense	10.2		10.3
Loss on extinguishment of debt	1.5		11.7
Other	(4.8)		6.9
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in receivables	(51.9)		(31.5)
(Increase) decrease in income tax receivable	(5.6)		249.8
(Increase) decrease in inventories	(253.6)		(64.2)
(Increase) decrease in other assets	(19.9)		6.7
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable	78.9		43.7
Increase (decrease) in accrued liabilities	(4.6)		14.7
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities	(6.6)		0.5
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations	(52.6)		418.8
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – discontinued operations	(15.4)		8.4
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(68.0)		427.2
Investing activities:

Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets	33.2		34.3
Proceeds from lease portfolio sales	514.8		404.5

Capital expenditures – leasing	(691.1)		(363.9)
Capital expenditures – manufacturing and other	(25.7)		(16.9)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(9.4)		(16.5)
Proceeds from insurance recoveries	7.6		6.5
Equity investments	(15.5)		(0.2)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities – continuing operations	(186.1)		47.8
Payments related to sale of discontinued operations	(2.7)		—
Net cash used in investing activities – discontinued operations	—		(4.2)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(188.8)		43.6
Financing activities:


Payments to retire debt	(1,351.5)		(2,256.8)
Proceeds from issuance of debt	1,664.5		2,393.7
Shares repurchased	(36.8)		(406.5)
Dividends paid to common shareholders	(58.3)		(68.5)
Purchase of shares to satisfy employee tax on vested stock	(5.6)		(9.2)



Distributions to noncontrolling interest	(19.2)		(6.8)



Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	193.1		(354.1)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(63.7)		116.7
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	302.4		228.4
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	238.7	$	345.1

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Trinity Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(unaudited)


	Common Stock			Capital in Excess of Par Value		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock			Trinity Stockholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	$0.01 Par Value								Shares	Amount
	(in millions, except par value and per common share amounts)
Balances at December 31, 2021	83.3	$	0.8	$	—	$	1,046.6	$	(17.0)	—	$	(0.6)	$	1,029.8	$	267.0	$	1,296.8
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		(0.7)		—		—	—		(0.7)		2.6		1.9
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		17.1		—	—		17.1		0.2		17.3
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)	—	—		—		(19.3)		—		—	—		(19.3)		—		(19.3)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		—	—		—		(6.2)		(6.2)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		5.1		—		—		—	—		5.1		—		5.1
Settlement of share-based awards, net	—	—		0.2		—		—		—	(0.2)		—		—		—




Balances at March 31, 2022	83.3	$	0.8	$	5.3	$	1,026.6	$	0.1	—	$	(0.8)	$	1,032.0	$	263.6	$	1,295.6
Net income	—	—		—		3.7		—		—	—		3.7		4.8		8.5
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		—		6.3		—	—		6.3		(1.0)		5.3
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)	—	—		—		(19.1)		—		—	—		(19.1)		—		(19.1)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		—	—		—		(8.8)		(8.8)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		5.7		—		—		—	—		5.7		—		5.7
Settlement of share-based awards, net	0.8	—		0.4		—		—		(0.2)	(6.1)		(5.7)		—		(5.7)
Shares repurchased	—	—		—		—		—		(1.0)	(25.3)		(25.3)		—		(25.3)
Accelerated share repurchase agreement	—	—		25.0		—		—		(0.8)	(25.0)		—		—		—
Retirement of treasury stock	(2.0)	—		(36.4)		(20.1)		—		2.0	56.5		—		—		—
Balances at June 30, 2022	82.1	$	0.8	$	—	$	991.1	$	6.4	—	$	(0.7)	$	997.6	$	258.6	$	1,256.2
Net income	—	—		—		25.8		—		—	—		25.8		0.5		26.3
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		10.0		—	—		10.0		0.3		10.3
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)	—	—		—		(19.2)		—		—	—		(19.2)		—		(19.2)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		—	—		—		(4.2)		(4.2)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		5.9		—		—		—	—		5.9		—		5.9

Settlement of share-based awards, net	—	—		0.2		—		—		—	(0.3)		(0.1)		—		(0.1)
Shares repurchased	—	—		—		—		—		(0.6)	(14.1)		(14.1)		—		(14.1)


Balances at September 30, 2022	82.1	$	0.8	$	6.1	$	997.7	$	16.4	(0.6)	$	(15.1)	$	1,005.9	$	255.2	$	1,261.1

(1) Dividends of $0.23 per common share for all periods presented in 2022.

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	Common Stock			Capital in Excess of Par Value		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Treasury Stock			Trinity Stockholders’ Equity		Noncontrolling Interest		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	$0.01 Par Value								Shares	Amount
	(in millions, except par value and per common share amounts)
Balances at December 31, 2020	111.2	$	1.1	$	—	$	1,769.4	$	(30.9)	(0.1)	$	(0.8)	$	1,738.8	$	277.2	$	2,016.0
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		3.3		—		—	—		3.3		(2.0)		1.3
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		5.1		—	—		5.1		0.3		5.4
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)	—	—		—		(23.3)		—		—	—		(23.3)		—		(23.3)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		5.1		—		—		—	—		5.1		—		5.1
Settlement of share-based awards, net	—	—		1.0		—		—		—	(0.8)		0.2		—		0.2
Shares repurchased	—	—		—		—		—		(1.3)	(36.8)		(36.8)		—		(36.8)



Balances at March 31, 2021	111.2	$	1.1	$	6.1	$	1,749.4	$	(25.8)	(1.4)	$	(38.4)	$	1,692.4	$	275.5	$	1,967.9
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		12.7		—		—	—		12.7		(7.9)		4.8
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		1.2		—	—		1.2		0.4		1.6
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)	—	—		—		(21.0)		—		—	—		(21.0)		—		(21.0)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		4.1		—		—		—	—		4.1		—		4.1
Settlement of share-based awards, net	1.1	—		0.4		—		—		(0.3)	(9.1)		(8.7)		—		(8.7)
Shares repurchased	—	—		—		—		—		(10.5)	(290.8)		(290.8)		—		(290.8)
Retirement of treasury stock	(12.2)	(0.1)		(10.6)		(327.0)		—		12.2	337.7		—		—		—


Balances at June 30, 2021	100.1	$	1.0	$	—	$	1,414.1	$	(24.6)	—	$	(0.6)	$	1,389.9	$	268.0	$	1,657.9
Net income	—	—		—		32.0		—		—	—		32.0		3.9		35.9
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		0.7		—	—		0.7		0.3		1.0
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1)	—	—		—		(20.9)		—		—	—		(20.9)		—		(20.9)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest	—	—		—		—		—		—	—		—		(6.8)		(6.8)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		6.0		—		—		—	—		6.0		—		6.0
Settlement of share-based awards, net	0.1	—		0.9		—		—		(0.1)	(0.5)		0.4		—		0.4
Shares repurchased	—	—		—		—		—		(2.8)	(77.1)		(77.1)		—		(77.1)

Balances at September 30, 2021	100.2	$	1.0	$	6.9	$	1,425.2	$	(23.9)	(2.9)	$	(78.2)	$	1,331.0	$	265.4	$	1,596.4

(1) Dividends of $0.21 per common share for all periods presented in 2021.

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Trinity Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The foregoing Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited and have been prepared from the books and records of Trinity Industries, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Trinity,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” or "us") including the accounts of our wholly-owned subsidiaries and partially-owned subsidiaries, TRIP Rail Holdings LLC (“TRIP Holdings”) and RIV 2013 Rail Holdings LLC ("RIV 2013"), in which we have a controlling interest. In our opinion, all normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position as of September 30, 2022, the results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, have been made in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the 2022 presentation.

Due to seasonal and other factors, including the ongoing impacts of the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”), the results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 may not be indicative of expected results of operations for the year ending December 31, 2022. These interim financial statements and notes are condensed as permitted by the instructions to Form 10-Q and should be read in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Sale of Highway Products Business

In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company completed the sale of Trinity Highway Products, LLC (“THP”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and certain direct and indirect subsidiaries of THP, to Rush Hour Intermediate II, LLC ("Rush Hour"), an entity owned by an affiliated investment fund of Monomoy Capital Partners, for an aggregate purchase price of $375.0 million, subject to a final working capital adjustment, which was recorded in the second quarter of 2022.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is measured based on the allocation of the transaction price in a contract to satisfied performance obligations. The transaction price does not include any amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. Payments for our products and services are generally due within normal commercial terms. The following is a description of principal activities from which we generate our revenue, separated by reportable segments. See Note 4 for a further discussion regarding our reportable segments.

Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group

In our Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group ("Leasing Group"), revenue from rentals and operating leases, including contracts that contain non-level fixed lease payments, is recognized monthly on a straight-line basis. Leases not classified as operating leases are generally considered sales-type leases as a result of an option to purchase.

We review our operating lease receivables for collectibility on a regular basis, taking into consideration changes in factors such as the lessee’s payment history, the financial condition of the lessee, and business and economic conditions in the industry in which the lessee operates. In the event that the collectibility of a receivable with respect to any lessee is no longer probable, we derecognize the revenue and related receivable and recognize future revenue only when the lessee makes a rental payment. Contingent rents are recognized when the contingency is resolved.

Selling profit or loss associated with sales-type leases is recognized upon lease commencement, and a net investment in the sales-type lease is recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest income related to sales-type leases is recognized over the lease term using the effective interest method. See "Lease Accounting" below for additional information regarding sales-type leases as of September 30, 2022. We had no sales-type leases as of December 31, 2021.

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We report all sales of railcars from the lease fleet and selling profit or loss associated with sales-type leases as a net gain or loss from the disposal of a long-term asset in accordance with ASC 610-20, Gains and losses from the derecognition of non-financial assets. These sales are presented in the Lease portfolio sales line in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We account for shipping and handling costs as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the good; as such, these fees are recorded in revenue. The fees and costs of shipping and handling activities are accrued when the related performance obligation has been satisfied.

Rail Products Group

Our railcar manufacturing business recognizes revenue related to new railcars when the customer has submitted its certificate of acceptance and legal title of the railcar has passed to the customer. Certain contracts for the sales of railcars include price adjustments based on steel-price indices; this amount represents variable consideration for which we are unable to estimate the final consideration until the railcar is delivered.

Revenue is recognized over time as repair and maintenance projects and sustainable railcar conversions are completed, using an input approach based on the costs incurred relative to the total estimated costs of performing the project. We recorded contract assets of $3.0 million and $4.5 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, related to unbilled revenues recognized on repair and maintenance services and sustainable railcar conversions that have been performed, but for which the entire project has not yet been completed, and the railcar has not yet been shipped to the customer. These contract assets are included within the Receivables, net of allowance line in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in future periods related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied as of September 30, 2022 and the percentage of the outstanding performance obligations as of September 30, 2022 expected to be delivered during the remainder of 2022:


	Unsatisfied performance obligations at September 30, 2022
	Total Amount		Percent expected to be delivered in 2022
	(in millions)
Rail Products Group:
New railcars:
External customers (1)	$	3,573.7
Leasing Group	517.2
	$	4,090.9	16.2	%
Sustainable railcar conversions	$	201.4	26.5	%


Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	133.6	6.8	%

(1) Unsatisfied performance obligations at September 30, 2022 include 15,000 railcars expected to be delivered through 2028, valued at approximately $1.8 billion, associated with a new long-term railcar supply agreement with GATX Corporation.

The remainder of the unsatisfied performance obligations for the Rail Products Group is expected to be delivered through 2028. The orders in the Rail Products Group's backlog from the Leasing Group are fully supported by lease commitments with external customers. The final amount of backlog attributable to the Leasing Group may vary by the time of delivery as customers may elect to change their procurement decision.

Unsatisfied performance obligations for the Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group are related to servicing, maintenance, and management agreements and are expected to be performed through 2029.

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Lease Accounting

Lessee

We are the lessee of operating leases predominantly for office buildings and railcars, as well as manufacturing equipment and office equipment. Our operating leases have remaining lease terms ranging from one year to fifteen years, some of which include options to extend for up to five years, and some of which include options to terminate within one year. As of September 30, 2022, we had no material finance leases in which we were the lessee. As applicable, the lease liability is reduced by the amount of lease incentives that have not yet been reimbursed by the lessor.

The following table summarizes the impact of our operating leases on our Consolidated Financial Statements (in millions, except lease term and discount rate):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022			2021
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Operating lease expense	$	4.6	$	4.0	$	13.5		$	11.3
Short-term lease expense	$	0.1	$	—	$	0.3		$	0.2

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Cash flows from operating activities					$	13.5		$	11.3
Right-of-use assets recognized in exchange for new lease liabilities					$	21.0		$	23.7

					September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Right-of-use assets (1)					$	89.9		$	82.8
Lease liabilities (2)					$	112.1		$	106.3
Weighted average remaining lease term					10.0 years			10.8 years
Weighted average discount rate					2.8		%	3.0		%

(1) Included in other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(2) Included in other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Future contractual minimum operating lease liabilities will mature as follows (in millions):


	Leasing Group		Non-Leasing Group		Total
Remaining three months of 2022	$	3.2	$	2.1	$	5.3
2023	12.0		7.9		19.9
2024	8.0		6.9		14.9
2025	6.0		6.1		12.1
2026	5.7		5.7		11.4
Thereafter	8.7		57.8		66.5
Total operating lease payments	$	43.6	$	86.5	$	130.1
Less: Present value adjustment					(18.0)

Total operating lease liabilities					$	112.1

Lessor

Our Leasing Group enters into railcar operating leases with third parties with terms generally ranging between one year and ten years. The majority of our fleet operates on leases that earn fixed monthly lease payments. Generally, lease payments are due at the beginning of the applicable month. A portion of our fleet operates on per diem leases that earn usage-based variable lease payments. Some of our leases include options to extend the leases for up to five years, and a small percentage of our leases include early termination options with certain notice requirements and early termination penalties. As of September 30, 2022, non-Leasing Group operating leases were not significant, and we had no direct finance leases.

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We manage risks associated with residual values of leased railcars by investing across a diverse portfolio of railcar types, staggering lease maturities within any given railcar type, avoiding concentration of railcar type and industry, and actively participating in secondary markets. Additionally, our lease agreements contain normal wear and tear return condition provisions and high mileage thresholds designed to protect the value of our residual assets. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants.

The following table summarizes the impact of our leases on our Consolidated Statements of Operations:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Operating lease revenues	$	167.2	$	158.2	$	500.5	$	486.2
Variable operating lease revenues	$	17.7	$	18.8	$	49.0	$	44.7

Interest income on sales-type lease receivables	$	0.2	$	—	$	0.5	$	—
Profit recognized at sales-type lease commencement (1)	$	—	$	—	$	1.3	$	—

(1) Included in gains on dispositions of property – lease portfolio sales on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Future contractual minimum revenues for operating leases will mature as follows (in millions)(1):


Remaining three months of 2022	$	156.7
2023	519.9
2024	406.0
2025	307.4
2026	220.0
Thereafter	369.4
Total	$	1,979.4

(1) Total contractual minimum rental revenues on operating leases relates to our wholly-owned and partially-owned subsidiaries and sub-lease rental revenues associated with the Leasing Group's operating lease obligations.

Future contractual minimum lease receivables for sales-type leases will mature as follows (in millions)(1):


Remaining three months of 2022	$	0.3
2023	1.1
2024	1.1
2025	1.1
2026	1.1
Thereafter	11.2
Total	15.9
Less: Unearned interest income	(5.2)
Net investment in sales-type leases (1)	$	10.7

(1) Included in other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Financial Instruments

We consider all highly liquid debt instruments to be either cash and cash equivalents if purchased with a maturity of three months or less, or short-term marketable securities if purchased with a maturity of more than three months and less than one year.

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk are primarily cash investments, including restricted cash and receivables. We place our cash investments in bank deposits, investment grade, short-term debt instruments, and highly-rated commercial paper. We limit the amount of credit exposure to any one commercial issuer. The carrying values of cash, receivables, and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their respective fair values.

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Concentrations of credit risk with respect to receivables are limited due to control procedures that monitor the credit worthiness of customers, the large number of customers in our customer base, and their dispersion across different end markets and geographic areas. Receivables are generally evaluated at a portfolio level based on these characteristics. As receivables are generally unsecured, we maintain an allowance for credit losses using a forward-looking approach based on historical losses and consideration of current and expected future economic conditions. Historically, we have observed that the likelihood of loss increases when receivables have aged beyond 180 days. When a receivable is deemed uncollectible, the write-off is recorded as a reduction to allowance for credit losses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized approximately $1.7 million of credit loss expense and wrote off $1.9 million related to our trade receivables that are in the scope of ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, bringing the allowance for credit losses balance from $10.5 million at December 31, 2021 to $10.3 million at September 30, 2022. This balance excludes the general reserve for operating lease receivables that is permitted under ASC 450, Contingencies.

Acquisitions

In June 2022, the Leasing Group acquired, from an unrelated seller, a portfolio of railcars for $132.1 million in cash. This transaction was recorded as an asset acquisition within the Leasing Group, based on valuations of the acquired assets and liabilities at their acquisition date fair value using Level 3 inputs. As a result of the purchase transaction, the Leasing Group acquired approximately 3,800 railcars, substantially all of which are currently under lease to third parties. We recorded acquired railcars of $125.0 million, lease-related intangible assets of $7.8 million, and certain other immaterial assets and liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of the purchase date.

In May 2022, we completed the acquisition of a company that owns and operates an end-to-end rail logistics software platform providing a real-time data universe to freight rail shippers and operators. This transaction was recorded as a business combination within the Leasing Group, based on valuations of the acquired assets and liabilities at their acquisition date fair value using Level 3 inputs. The acquisition did not have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. Based on our preliminary purchase price allocation, we recorded intellectual property of $5.2 million, which will be amortized over five years, goodwill of $5.3 million, and certain other immaterial assets and liabilities.

In January 2021, we completed the acquisition of a company that owns and operates proprietary railcar cleaning technology systems. This transaction was recorded as a business combination within the Rail Products Group, based on valuations of the acquired assets and liabilities at their acquisition date fair value using Level 3 inputs. The acquisition did not have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. This transaction resulted in goodwill of $7.0 million.

Goodwill

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of our goodwill totaled $159.5 million and $154.2 million, respectively, which is primarily attributable to the Rail Products Group.

Warranties

We provide various express, limited product warranties that generally range from one year to five years depending on the product. The warranty costs are estimated using a two-step approach. First, an engineering estimate is made for the cost of all claims that have been asserted by customers. Second, based on historical claims experience, a cost is accrued for all products still within a warranty period for which no claims have been filed. We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized related to products covered by warranties and assess the adequacy of the resulting reserves on a quarterly basis. The changes in the accruals for warranties for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Beginning balance	$	2.7	$	5.5	$	3.1	$	11.3
Warranty costs incurred	(0.4)		(3.4)		(2.5)		(6.2)
Warranty originations and revisions	0.9		1.6		3.1		(1.0)
Warranty expirations	(0.3)		(0.2)		(0.8)		(0.6)
Ending balance	$	2.9	$	3.5	$	2.9	$	3.5

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

ASU 2022-04 – In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-04, "Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations," which requires entities that use supplier finance programs in connection with the purchase of goods and services to disclose information about the key terms of these programs, outstanding amounts as of the end of the reporting period, a description of where in the financial statements outstanding amounts are presented, and a rollforward of these obligations. ASU 2022-04 is effective for public companies during interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022 and is to be adopted on a retrospective basis, except for the disclosure of rollforward information, which is effective for public companies during interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and is to be adopted on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We plan to adopt ASU 2022-04 effective January 1, 2023 and are currently evaluating the impact these disclosures will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 2. Discontinued Operations

Sale of Highway Products Business

In the fourth quarter of 2021, we completed the sale of our highway products business, THP. The sale closed on December 31, 2021, and we received net proceeds of approximately $364.7 million, after certain adjustments and closing costs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded a loss on sale of discontinued operations of $5.8 million ($4.4 million, net of income taxes), which included a $2.7 million payment to Rush Hour representing a final working capital adjustment, as well as additional transaction costs incurred during the period. There was no loss on sale of discontinued operations during the three months ended September 30, 2022. We concluded that the sale of THP represented a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. Accordingly, we have presented the operating results and cash flows of THP as discontinued operations for all periods in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

In connection with the sale, Trinity and Rush Hour entered into various agreements to effect the transaction and provide a framework for their relationship after the separation, including a purchase and sale agreement, a transition services agreement, and a lease agreement. The transition services have various durations ranging between one and eighteen months. We have determined that the continuing cash flows generated by these agreements do not constitute significant continuing involvement in the operations of THP. The amounts billed for transition services were not material to our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Additionally, in connection with the sale of THP, the Company has agreed to indemnify Rush Hour for certain liabilities related to the highway products business, including certain liabilities resulting from or arising out of the ET-Plus® System, a highway guardrail end-terminal system (the “ET Plus”). Consequently, results from discontinued operations below include certain legal expenses that were directly attributable to the highway products business, which were previously reported in continuing operations. Similar expenses related to these retained obligations incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and that may be incurred in the future, will likewise be reported in discontinued operations. See Note 14 for further information regarding obligations retained in connection with the THP sale.

The following is a summary of THP's operating results included in income (loss) from discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Revenues	$	—	$	83.7	$	—	$	230.0
Cost of revenues	—		60.4		—		165.2
Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	4.4		9.3		17.2		32.5


Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes	(4.4)		14.0		(17.2)		32.3
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	(1.0)		3.2		(3.5)		7.2
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	$	(3.4)	$	10.8	$	(13.7)	$	25.1

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Other discontinued operations

In addition to the THP activities disclosed above, results include certain amounts related to businesses previously disposed, including a $1.3 million of loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and losses of $0.4 million and $0.8 million included in income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

Note 3. Derivative Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

Derivative Instruments

We use derivative instruments to mitigate interest rate risk, including risks associated with the impact of changes in interest rates in anticipation of future debt issuances and to offset interest rate variability of certain floating rate debt issuances outstanding. We also use derivative instruments to mitigate the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are accounted for by recording the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss ("AOCI") as a separate component of stockholders' equity. These accumulated gains or losses are reclassified into earnings in the periods during which the hedged transactions affect earnings. We continuously monitor our derivative positions and the credit ratings of our counterparties and do not anticipate losses due to non-performance. See Note 8 for a description of our debt instruments.

Interest Rate Hedges


					Included in accompanying balance sheet at September 30, 2022
							AOCI – loss/(income)
	Notional Amount		Interest Rate (1)		Asset/(Liability)		Controlling Interest		Noncontrolling Interest
	($ in millions)
Expired hedges:
2018 secured railcar equipment notes	$	249.3	4.41	%	$	—	$	0.5	$	—
TRIP Holdings warehouse loan	$	788.5	3.60	%	$	—	$	0.1	$	0.2
Tribute Rail secured railcar equipment notes (2)	$	256.0	2.86	%	$	—	$	0.9	$	1.1
2017 promissory notes – interest rate cap	$	169.3	3.00	%	$	—	$	(0.3)	$	—
Open hedge:
2017 promissory notes – interest rate swap	$	441.4	2.39	%	$	19.6	$	(19.6)	$	—

(1) Weighted average fixed interest rate, except for the interest rate cap on the 2017 promissory notes.

(2) In May 2022, Tribute Rail LLC ("Tribute Rail"), an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of TRIP Holdings, entered into and subsequently terminated a forward starting interest rate swap to hedge the risk of potential interest rate increases prior to the May 2022 Tribute Rail debt issuance.


	Effect on interest expense – increase/(decrease)
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Expected effect during next twelve months
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Expired hedges:
2018 secured railcar equipment notes	$	—	$	0.1	$	0.1	$	0.2	$	0.2
TRIP Holdings warehouse loan	$	0.3	$	0.4	$	1.0	$	1.4	$	0.3
Triumph Rail secured railcar equipment notes	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	0.1	$	—
Tribute Rail secured railcar equipment notes	$	0.1	$	—	$	0.2	$	—	$	0.7
2017 promissory notes – interest rate cap	$	(0.1)	$	(0.1)	$	(0.1)	$	(0.1)	$	(0.1)
Open hedge (1):
2017 promissory notes – interest rate swap	$	0.3	$	3.1	$	5.3	$	9.3	$	5.6

(1) Based on the fair value of open hedges as of September 30, 2022.

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Foreign Currency Hedge

Our exposure related to foreign currency transactions is currently hedged for up to a maximum of twelve months. Information related to our foreign currency hedge is as follows:


		Included in accompanying balance sheet at September 30, 2022				Effect on cost of revenues – increase/(decrease)
Notional Amount		Asset/ (Liability)		AOCI – loss/(income)		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,				Expected effect during next twelve months (1)
						2022		2021		2022		2021
(in millions)
$	40.8	$	1.1	$	(1.6)	$	(0.5)	$	(1.4)	$	(0.7)	$	(7.4)	$	(1.6)

(1) Based on the fair value of open hedges as of September 30, 2022.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. An entity is required to establish a fair value hierarchy that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are listed below.

Level 1 – This level is defined as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Our cash equivalents and restricted cash are instruments of the U.S. Treasury or highly-rated money market mutual funds. The assets measured as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy are summarized below:


	Level 1
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(in millions)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	34.7	$	11.4
Restricted cash	180.2		135.1
Total assets	$	214.9	$	146.5

Level 2 – This level is defined as observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Interest rate hedges are valued at exit prices obtained from each counterparty. Foreign currency hedges are valued at exit prices obtained from each counterparty, which are based on currency spot and forward rates and forward points. The assets and liabilities measured as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy are summarized below:


	Level 2
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(in millions)
Assets:
Interest rate hedge (1)	$	19.6	$	—
Foreign currency hedge (1)	1.1		—
Total assets	$	20.7	$	—

Liabilities:
Interest rate hedge (2)	$	—	$	21.0
Foreign currency hedge (2)	—		0.1
Total liabilities	$	—	$	21.1

(1) Included in other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(2) Included in accrued liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Level 3 – This level is defined as unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we have no assets measured on a recurring basis as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

See Note 1 for more information regarding non-recurring fair value measurements involving Level 3 inputs resulting from acquisition activity. See Note 8 for the estimated fair values of our debt instruments. The fair values of all other financial instruments are estimated to approximate carrying value.

Note 4. Segment Information

We report our operating results in two reportable segments: (1) the Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group, which owns and operates a fleet of railcars and provides third-party fleet leasing, management, and administrative services; and (2) the Rail Products Group, which manufactures and sells railcars and related parts and components, and provides railcar maintenance and modification services. Following the sale of THP, which was previously reported within All Other, we have combined the results of the prior Corporate and All Other groupings into a single Corporate and other grouping. The remaining activity previously reported in All Other primarily includes legal, environmental, and maintenance costs associated with non-operating facilities. Results of prior periods have been recast to reflect these changes and present results on a comparable basis.

Gains and losses from the sale of property, plant, and equipment are included in the operating profit of each respective segment. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") regularly reviews the operating results of our reportable segments in order to assess performance and allocate resources. Our CODM does not consider restructuring activities when evaluating segment operating results; therefore, restructuring activities are not allocated to segment profit or loss.

Sales and related net profits ("deferred profit") from the Rail Products Group to the Leasing Group are recorded in the Rail Products Group and eliminated in consolidation and are reflected in "Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary" in the tables below. Sales between these groups are recorded at prices comparable to those charged to external customers, taking into consideration quantity, features, and production demand. Amortization of deferred profit on railcars sold to the Leasing Group is included in the operating profit of the Leasing Group, resulting in the recognition of depreciation expense based on our original manufacturing cost of the railcars. Lease portfolio sales are included in the Leasing Group, with related gains and losses computed based on the net book value of the original manufacturing cost of the railcars.

The financial information for these segments is shown in the tables below (in millions). We operate principally in North America.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group		Rail Products Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary		Eliminations – Other		Consolidated Total
External revenue	$	194.6	$	302.0	$	—	$	—	$	496.6
Intersegment revenue	0.2		295.3		(295.3)		(0.2)		—
Total revenues	$	194.8	$	597.3	$	(295.3)	$	(0.2)	$	496.6


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group		Rail Products Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary		Eliminations – Other		Consolidated Total
External revenue	$	185.3	$	234.5	$	—	$	—	$	419.8
Intersegment revenue	0.2		105.4		(105.3)		(0.3)		—
Total revenues	$	185.5	$	339.9	$	(105.3)	$	(0.3)	$	419.8

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group		Rail Products Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary		Eliminations – Other		Consolidated Total
External revenue	$	572.6	$	813.5	$	—	$	—	$	1,386.1
Intersegment revenue	0.6		605.5		(605.5)		(0.6)		—
Total revenues	$	573.2	$	1,419.0	$	(605.5)	$	(0.6)	$	1,386.1


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group		Rail Products Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary		Eliminations – Other		Consolidated Total
External revenue	$	553.6	$	490.2	$	—	$	—	$	1,043.8
Intersegment revenue	0.5		372.5		(367.6)		(5.4)		—
Total revenues	$	554.1	$	862.7	$	(367.6)	$	(5.4)	$	1,043.8

The reconciliation of segment operating profit to consolidated net income is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Operating profit:
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	107.9	$	109.3	$	293.2	$	268.7
Rail Products Group	26.0		(3.1)		40.5		(8.7)
Segment Totals	133.9		106.2		333.7		260.0
Corporate and other	(21.4)		(23.1)		(62.2)		(63.1)

Restructuring activities, net	—		0.1		(1.0)		1.1
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	(19.6)		(4.5)		(48.7)		(9.3)
Eliminations – Other	(0.2)		(0.4)		(1.3)		(1.1)
Consolidated operating profit	92.7		78.3		220.5		187.6
Other (income) expense	54.4		44.5		147.0		160.5
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	8.6		8.3		17.4		9.4
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	(3.4)		10.4		(13.7)		24.3
Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes	—		—		(5.7)		—
Net income	$	26.3	$	35.9	$	36.7	$	42.0

Note 5. Partially-Owned Leasing Subsidiaries

Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Trinity Industries Leasing Company ("TILC"), we formed two subsidiaries, TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013, for the purpose of providing railcar leasing services in North America for institutional investors. Each of TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 are direct, partially-owned subsidiaries of TILC in which we have a controlling interest. Each is governed by a seven-member board of representatives, two of whom are designated by TILC. TILC is the agent of each of TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 and, as such, has been delegated the authority, power, and discretion to take certain actions on behalf of the respective companies.

At September 30, 2022, the carrying value of our investment in TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 totaled $134.5 million. Our weighted average ownership interest in TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 is 38% while the remaining 62% weighted average interest is owned by third-party, investor-owned funds. The investment in our partially-owned leasing subsidiaries is eliminated in consolidation.

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Each of TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 has wholly-owned subsidiaries that are the owners of railcars acquired from our Rail Products and Leasing Groups. TRIP Holdings has wholly-owned subsidiaries known as Triumph Rail LLC ("Triumph Rail") and Tribute Rail. RIV 2013 has a wholly-owned subsidiary known as TRP 2021 LLC ("TRP-2021"). TILC is the contractual servicer for Triumph Rail, Tribute Rail, and TRP-2021, with the authority to manage and service each entity's owned railcars. Our controlling interest in each of TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 results from our combined role as both equity member and agent/servicer. The noncontrolling interest included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets represents the non-Trinity equity interest in these partially-owned subsidiaries.

Trinity has no obligation to guarantee performance under any of our partially-owned subsidiaries' (or their respective subsidiaries') debt agreements, guarantee any railcar residual values, shield any parties from losses or guarantee minimum yields.

The assets of each of Triumph Rail, Tribute Rail, and TRP-2021 may only be used to satisfy the particular subsidiary's liabilities, and the creditors of each of Triumph Rail, Tribute Rail, and TRP-2021 have recourse only to the particular subsidiary's assets. Each of TILC and the third-party equity investors receive distributions from TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013, when available, in proportion to its respective equity interests, and has an interest in the net assets of the partially-owned subsidiaries upon a liquidation event in the same proportion. TILC is paid fees for the services it provides to Triumph Rail, Tribute Rail, and TRP-2021 and has the potential to earn certain incentive fees. There are no remaining equity commitments with respect to TRIP Holdings or RIV 2013.

See Note 8 regarding TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013, including the debt issuance of Tribute Rail and the repayment of TRIP Railcar Co. LLC's ("TRIP Railcar Co.") outstanding term loan agreement.

Investment in Unconsolidated Affiliate

In August 2021, the Company and Wafra, Inc. (“Wafra”), a global alternative investment manager, announced a new railcar investment vehicle (“RIV”) program between Trinity and certain funds managed by Wafra (“Wafra Funds”). As part of this program, a joint venture was formed, Signal Rail Holdings LLC (“Signal Rail”), which was owned 90% by Wafra Funds and 10% by TILC. Signal Rail or its subsidiaries are expected to invest in diversified portfolios of leased railcars originated by TILC targeting up to $1 billion in total acquisitions over an expected three-year investment period. TILC will service all railcars owned by Signal Rail.

In August 2022, TILC and certain of its subsidiaries sold a second portfolio comprised of 2,678 railcars and related leases to Signal Rail for an aggregate sales price of approximately $254.1 million. TILC recognized a gain of approximately $25.1 million on the sale and approximately $2.5 million was recognized as revenue for services performed associated with the delivery of railcars with attached leases during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. In connection with the sale, TILC contributed $13.5 million of cash to Signal Rail, resulting in an increase in TILC's weighted average equity ownership in Signal Rail to 12.9%. Signal Rail financed the August 2022 purchase primarily through a term loan. To date, TILC has sold 6,260 railcars to Signal Rail for an aggregate sales price of $579.2 million.

Upon consideration under the variable interest entity (“VIE”) model of ASC 810, Trinity has concluded that Signal Rail meets the definition of a VIE. TILC has variable interests in Signal Rail arising from its 12.9% equity ownership position and its role as a service provider. We determined that Trinity is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate this entity as we do not have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance. We will absorb portions of Signal Rail’s expected losses and/or receive portions of expected residual returns commensurate with our 12.9% equity interest in Signal Rail.

Our investment in Signal Rail is being accounted for under the equity method of accounting. At September 30, 2022, the carrying value of TILC’s equity investment in Signal Rail was $20.6 million, which is included in other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The carrying value of this investment, together with any potential future investments described above, collectively represent our maximum exposure in Signal Rail.

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Note 6. Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group

The Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group owns and operates a fleet of railcars as well as provides third-party fleet leasing, management, and administrative services. Selected consolidated financial information for the Leasing Group is as follows:


	September 30, 2022
	Wholly- Owned Subsidiaries		Partially-Owned Subsidiaries		Total Leasing Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary(1)		Adjusted Total Leasing Group
	(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4.4	$	—	$	4.4	$	—	$	4.4
Accounts receivable	97.3		12.3		109.6		—		109.6
Property, plant, and equipment, net	5,793.1		1,533.5		7,326.6		(774.4)		6,552.2
Restricted cash	117.1		63.1		180.2		—		180.2
Other assets	132.6		1.9		134.5		—		134.5
Total assets	$	6,144.5	$	1,610.8	$	7,755.3	$	(774.4)	$	6,980.9

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	114.9	$	42.9	$	157.8	$	—	$	157.8
Debt, net	3,844.5		1,190.2		5,034.7		—		5,034.7
Deferred income taxes	1,147.0		0.9		1,147.9		(177.6)		970.3
Other liabilities	41.7		—		41.7		—		41.7
Total liabilities	5,148.1		1,234.0		6,382.1		(177.6)		6,204.5
Noncontrolling interest	—		255.2		255.2		—		255.2
Total Equity	$	996.4	$	121.6	$	1,118.0	$	(596.8)	$	521.2


	December 31, 2021
	Wholly- Owned Subsidiaries		Partially-Owned Subsidiaries		Total Leasing Group		Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary(1)		Adjusted Total Leasing Group
	(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3.4	$	—	$	3.4	$	—	$	3.4
Accounts receivable	90.7		10.1		100.8		—		100.8
Property, plant, and equipment, net	5,706.1		1,570.6		7,276.7		(779.1)		6,497.6
Restricted cash	76.5		58.6		135.1		—		135.1
Other assets	67.3		2.1		69.4		—		69.4
Total assets	$	5,944.0	$	1,641.4	$	7,585.4	$	(779.1)	$	6,806.3

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	113.4	$	30.1	$	143.5	$	—	$	143.5
Debt, net	3,555.8		1,216.1		4,771.9		—		4,771.9
Deferred income taxes	1,114.2		1.1		1,115.3		(176.6)		938.7
Other liabilities	35.6		—		35.6		—		35.6
Total liabilities	4,819.0		1,247.3		6,066.3		(176.6)		5,889.7
Noncontrolling interest	—		267.0		267.0		—		267.0
Total Equity	$	1,125.0	$	127.1	$	1,252.1	$	(602.5)	$	649.6

(1) Net deferred profit on railcars sold to the Leasing Group consists of intersegment profit that is eliminated in consolidation. Net deferred profit and the related deferred tax impact are included as adjustments to the property, plant, and equipment, net and deferred income taxes line items, respectively, in the Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary column above to reflect the net book value of the railcars purchased by the Leasing Group from the Rail Products Group based on manufacturing cost. See Note 5 and Note 8 for a further discussion regarding our investment in our partially-owned leasing subsidiaries and the related indebtedness.

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	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			Percent		2022			2021			Percent
	($ in millions)						Change		($ in millions)						Change
Revenues:
Leasing and management	$	194.8		$	185.5		5.0	%	$	573.2		$	554.1		3.4	%



Operating profit (1):
Leasing and management	$	73.6		$	76.4		(3.7)	%	$	220.2		$	223.0		(1.3)	%
Lease portfolio sales (2)	34.3			32.9			*		73.0			45.7			*
Total operating profit	$	107.9		$	109.3		(1.3)	%	$	293.2		$	268.7		9.1	%
Total operating profit margin	55.4		%	58.9		%			51.2		%	48.5		%

Leasing and management operating profit margin	37.8		%	41.2		%			38.4		%	40.2		%

Selected expense information:
Depreciation (3)	$	59.1		$	58.7		0.7	%	$	175.7		$	170.5		3.0	%
Maintenance and compliance	$	28.2		$	22.8		23.7	%	$	84.7		$	73.7		14.9	%
Rent and ad valorem taxes	$	5.2		$	5.0		4.0	%	$	15.5		$	14.3		8.4	%
Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	$	14.2		$	11.6		22.4	%	$	39.6		$	36.1		9.7	%
Interest (4)	$	49.2		$	39.9		23.3	%	$	133.9		$	142.6		(6.1)	%

* Not meaningful

(1) Operating profit includes: depreciation; fleet operating costs, which include maintenance, compliance, freight, and storage; rent and ad valorem taxes; and selling, engineering, and administrative expenses. Amortization of deferred profit on railcars sold from the Rail Products Group to the Leasing Group is included in the operating profit of the Leasing Group, resulting in the recognition of depreciation expense based on our original manufacturing cost of the railcars. Interest expense is not a component of operating profit and includes the effect of hedges.

(2) Includes $1.3 million selling profit associated with sales-type leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

(3) Depreciation expense includes $2.4 million and $8.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, related to the disposal of certain railcar components associated with our sustainable railcar conversion program. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, depreciation expense includes $4.7 million and $7.3 million, respectively, related to our sustainable railcar conversion program.

(4) Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 includes $1.5 million of loss on extinguishment of debt associated with the repayment of TRIP Railcar Co.'s outstanding term loan agreement. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 includes $11.7 million of loss on extinguishment of debt associated with the refinancing of our partially-owned subsidiaries' debt.

Information related to lease portfolio sales is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
	($ in millions)
Lease portfolio sales	$	299.6		$	322.1		$	514.8		$	410.9
Operating profit on lease portfolio sales (1)	$	34.3		$	32.9		$	71.7		$	45.7
Operating profit margin on lease portfolio sales	11.4		%	10.2		%	13.9		%	11.1		%

(1) Excludes $1.3 million selling profit associated with sales-type leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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Railcar Leasing Equipment Portfolio. The Leasing Group's equipment consists primarily of railcars leased by third parties. The Leasing Group purchases equipment manufactured predominantly by the Rail Products Group and enters into lease contracts with third parties with terms generally ranging between one year and ten years. The Leasing Group primarily enters into operating leases. Future contractual minimum rental revenues on operating leases related to our wholly-owned and partially-owned subsidiaries are as follows:


	Remaining three months of 2022		2023		2024		2025		2026		Thereafter		Total
	(in millions)
Future contractual minimum rental revenues	$	154.2	$	512.2	$	402.2	$	304.8	$	218.1	$	368.9	$	1,960.4

Debt. Wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Leasing Group’s debt at September 30, 2022 consisted primarily of non-recourse debt. As of September 30, 2022, Trinity’s wholly-owned subsidiaries included in the Leasing Group held equipment with a net book value of $5,431.2 million, which is pledged solely as collateral for Leasing Group debt held by those subsidiaries. The net book value of unpledged equipment at September 30, 2022 was $350.8 million. See Note 8 for more information regarding the Leasing Group debt.

Partially-owned subsidiaries. Debt owed by TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 and their respective subsidiaries is nonrecourse to Trinity and TILC. Creditors of each of TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 and their respective subsidiaries have recourse only to the particular subsidiary's assets. As of September 30, 2022, TRIP Holdings held equipment with a net book value of $1,078.6 million, which is pledged solely as collateral for the TRIP Holdings' debt held by its subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2022, TRP-2021 equipment with a net book value of $454.9 million is pledged solely as collateral for the TRP-2021 debt. See Note 5 for a description of TRIP Holdings and RIV 2013 and their respective subsidiaries.

Operating Lease Obligations. Future amounts due as well as future contractual minimum rental revenues related to the Leasing Group's railcar operating lease obligations are as follows:


	Remaining three months of 2022		2023		2024		2025		2026		Thereafter		Total
	(in millions)
Future operating lease obligations	$	3.2	$	11.9	$	7.9	$	6.0	$	5.7	$	8.7	$	43.4
Future contractual minimum rental revenues	$	2.5	$	7.7	$	3.8	$	2.6	$	1.9	$	0.5	$	19.0

Operating lease obligations totaling $1.4 million are guaranteed by Trinity Industries, Inc. and certain subsidiaries. The Leasing Group also has future amounts due for operating lease obligations related to office space of approximately $0.2 million, which is excluded from the table above.

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Note 7. Property, Plant, and Equipment

The following table summarizes the components of property, plant, and equipment:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(in millions)
Manufacturing/Corporate:
Land	$	15.8	$	17.4
Buildings and improvements	385.0		377.4
Machinery and other	406.0		415.1
Construction in progress	15.9		18.1
	822.7		828.0
Less: accumulated depreciation	(481.1)		(478.7)
	341.6		349.3
Leasing:
Wholly-owned subsidiaries:
Machinery and other	21.6		20.7
Equipment on lease	7,223.5		7,061.3
	7,245.1		7,082.0
Less: accumulated depreciation	(1,452.0)		(1,375.9)
	5,793.1		5,706.1
Partially-owned subsidiaries:
Equipment on lease	2,234.5		2,242.9
Less: accumulated depreciation	(701.0)		(672.3)
	1,533.5		1,570.6

Deferred profit on railcars sold to the Leasing Group	(1,057.5)		(1,047.3)
Less: accumulated amortization	283.1		268.2
	(774.4)		(779.1)
	$	6,893.8	$	6,846.9

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Note 8. Debt

The carrying amounts of our debt are as follows:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(in millions)
Corporate – Recourse:
Revolving credit facility	$	60.0	$	—
Senior notes, net of unamortized discount of $0.1 and $0.1	399.9		399.9
	459.9		399.9
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	(0.9)		(1.2)
Total recourse debt	459.0		398.7

Leasing – Non-recourse:
Wholly-owned subsidiaries:
Secured railcar equipment notes, net of unamortized discount of $0.4 and $0.5	2,412.3		2,257.5
2017 promissory notes, net of unamortized discount of $6.2 and $7.8	726.6		760.2
TILC warehouse facility	728.2		561.8
	3,867.1		3,579.5
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	(22.6)		(23.7)
	3,844.5		3,555.8
Partially-owned subsidiaries:
Secured railcar equipment notes, net of unamortized discount of $0.4 and $0.3	1,200.7		903.5
TRIP Railcar Co. term loan	—		323.7
	1,200.7		1,227.2
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs	(10.5)		(11.1)
	1,190.2		1,216.1
Total non–recourse debt	5,034.7		4,771.9
Total debt	$	5,493.7	$	5,170.6

Estimated Fair Value of Debt – The estimated fair value of our 4.55% senior notes due 2024 ("Senior Notes") is based on a quoted market price in a market with little activity (Level 2 input). The estimated fair values of our secured railcar equipment notes are based on our estimate of their fair value using unobservable input values provided by a third party (Level 3 inputs). The respective carrying values of our revolving credit facility, 2017 promissory notes, TILC warehouse facility, and TRIP Railcar Co. term loan approximate fair value because the interest rate adjusts to the market interest rate. The estimated fair values of our debt are as follows:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(in millions)
Level 1	$	1,514.8	$	1,645.7
Level 2	381.5		420.8
Level 3	3,284.8		3,215.4
	$	5,181.1	$	5,281.9

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Revolving Credit Facility – We have a $450.0 million unsecured corporate revolving credit facility. In July 2022, we amended our revolving credit facility to extend its maturity date to the earlier of (i) July 25, 2027 or (ii) July 2, 2024 if our Senior Notes have not been repaid in full by that date.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we had total borrowings of $545.0 million and total repayments of $485.0 million under the revolving credit facility. Additionally, we had outstanding letters of credit issued in an aggregate amount of $4.9 million. Of the $385.1 million remaining unused amount, $264.1 million was available for borrowing as of September 30, 2022. The majority of our outstanding letters of credit as of September 30, 2022 are scheduled to expire in November 2023. Our letters of credit obligations support performance bonds related to certain railcar orders. The revolving credit facility bears interest at a variable rate of Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 2.35%, for an all-in interest rate of 5.34% as of September 30, 2022. A commitment fee accrues on the average daily unused portion of the revolving credit facility at the rate of 0.175% to 0.40% (0.35% as of September 30, 2022).

The revolving credit facility requires the maintenance of ratios related to minimum interest coverage for the leasing and manufacturing operations and maximum leverage. In July 2022, we amended our revolving credit facility to increase the maximum leverage ratio to provide additional flexibility. As of September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with all such financial covenants.

TILC Warehouse Loan Facility – TILC has a $1.0 billion warehouse loan facility, which was established to finance railcars owned by TILC. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we had total borrowings of $554.1 million and total repayments of $387.7 million under the TILC warehouse loan facility. Of the remaining unused facility amount of $271.8 million, $142.1 million was available as of September 30, 2022 based on the amount of warehouse-eligible, unpledged equipment. In August 2022, we amended our warehouse loan facility to transition the facility benchmark rate from LIBOR to SOFR plus a benchmark adjustment. Advances under the facility bear interest at one-month term SOFR plus (1) a benchmark adjustment of 11 basis points and (2) a facility margin of 185 basis points, for an all-in interest rate of 4.48% at September 30, 2022.

TRL-2022 – In April 2022, Trinity Rail Leasing 2022 LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("TRL-2022") and a limited purpose, indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company owned through TILC, issued an aggregate principal amount of $244.8 million of its Series 2022-1 Class A Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes (the "TRL-2022 Notes"). The TRL-2022 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.55%, are payable monthly, and have a stated final maturity date of May 20, 2052. We incurred $2.6 million in debt issuance costs, which will be amortized to interest expense through the anticipated repayment date of the TRL-2022 Notes. The TRL-2022 Notes are obligations of TRL-2022 and are non-recourse to Trinity. The obligations are secured by a portfolio of railcars and operating leases thereon, certain cash reserves, and other assets to be acquired and owned by TRL-2022. Net proceeds received from the railcars acquired in connection with the issuance of the TRL-2022 Notes were used to repay approximately $209.9 million of borrowings under TILC's warehouse loan facility and for general corporate purposes.

Tribute Rail – In May 2022, Tribute Rail, an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of TRIP Holdings, issued an aggregate principal amount of (i) $290.0 million of its Series 2022-1 Class A Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes (the “Class A Notes”) and (ii) $37.0 million of its Series 2022-1 Class B Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes (the “Class B Notes”) (the Class A Notes and the Class B Notes are, collectively, the “Tribute Rail Notes”). The Class A Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.76%, and the Class B Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.75%. The Tribute Rail Notes are payable monthly and have a stated final maturity date of May 17, 2052. We incurred $3.4 million in debt issuance costs, which will be amortized to interest expense through the anticipated repayment date of the Tribute Rail Notes. The Tribute Rail Notes are non-recourse to Trinity, TILC, TRIP Holdings, and the other equity investors in TRIP Holdings, and are secured by Tribute Rail's portfolio of railcars and operating leases thereon, certain cash reserves, and other assets acquired and owned by Tribute Rail.

Tribute Rail used the proceeds from the sale of the Tribute Rail Notes to purchase railcars and related operating leases from TRIP Railcar Co. TRIP Railcar Co. used the proceeds from Tribute Rail to repay its outstanding term loan agreement due June 2025, of which $319.4 million was outstanding at the redemption date. In connection with the redemption, we recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.5 million, which related to the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs. This write-off is reflected in the loss on extinguishment of debt line of our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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Each of our secured railcar equipment notes, including the TRL-2022 Notes and the Tribute Rail Notes, generally has an anticipated repayment date and a stated final maturity date. While the stated final maturity date of these notes is in 2052, the cash flows from the encumbered assets of each of TRL-2022 and Tribute Rail will be applied, pursuant to the payment priorities of their respective indentures, so as to amortize their respective notes to achieve monthly targeted principal balances. If the cash flow assumptions used in determining the targeted balances are met, it is anticipated that the notes will be repaid well in advance of their stated final maturity date. There can be no assurance, however, that such cash flow assumptions will be realized. If these notes are not repaid by the anticipated repayment date, the respective interest rates on these notes would increase from the fixed rates stated above.

Terms and conditions of our other long-term debt, including recourse and non-recourse provisions and scheduled maturities, are described in Note 8 of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Note 9. Income Taxes

The effective tax rate from continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 22.5% and 23.7%, respectively, which differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state income taxes, foreign taxes, non-deductible executive compensation, excess tax benefits associated with equity-based compensation, taxes not recorded on our non-controlling interests in partially-owned subsidiaries, and a reduction of our uncertain tax positions balance due to a lapse of a state statute of limitations.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded income tax expense of $8.3 million on income from continuing operations before income taxes of $33.8 million, which differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to excess tax benefits associated with equity-based compensation. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded income tax expense of $9.4 million on income from continuing operations before income taxes of $27.1 million, which differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to adjustments to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act carryback benefit previously recognized, partially offset by excess tax benefits associated with equity-based compensation.

The total income tax receivable position as of September 30, 2022 was $11.0 million.

Our tax years through 2019 are effectively settled except with respect to carryback claims related to the 2013 through 2015 tax years, which are currently in review. We do not expect any significant changes to the carryback claims. We have state tax returns that are under audit in the normal course of business, and our Mexican subsidiaries' tax returns statutes of limitations remain open for auditing 2017 forward. We believe we are appropriately reserved for any potential matters.

Note 10. Employee Retirement Plans

Our defined contribution expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $2.5 million and $6.8 million, respectively. Our defined contribution expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $2.5 million and $6.8 million, respectively.

The net periodic benefit cost related to our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan was $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. The net periodic benefit cost related to our Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan was $0.1 million and $0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The non-service cost components of net periodic benefit cost are included in other, net (income) expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Pension Plan Termination

In September 2019, our Board of Directors approved the termination of the Trinity Industries, Inc. Consolidated Pension Plan (the "Pension Plan"), effective December 31, 2019. The Pension Plan was settled in the fourth quarter of 2020, which resulted in the Company no longer having any remaining funded pension plan obligations. Upon settlement, we recognized a pre-tax non-cash pension settlement charge in the fourth quarter of 2020 of $151.5 million, which was inclusive of all unamortized losses previously recorded in AOCI.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we used $2.2 million to fund pension administrative expenses required to finalize the settlement of the Pension Plan, which is included in other, net (income) expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. There were no pension administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we used $0.2 million to fund pension administrative expenses, resulting in a remaining surplus of the Pension Plan of $0.4 million at September 30, 2022.

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Note 11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 are as follows:


	Currency translation adjustments		Unrealized gains/(losses) on derivative financial instruments		Net actuarial gains/(losses) of defined benefit plans		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
	(in millions)
Balances at December 31, 2021	$	(1.3)	$	(12.2)	$	(3.5)	$	(17.0)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax, before reclassifications	—		26.8		—		26.8
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax benefit of $—, $1.2, $—, and $1.2	—		4.6		0.2		4.8
Amounts reclassified to discontinued operations, net of tax	1.3		—		—		1.3
Less: noncontrolling interest	—		0.5		—		0.5
Other comprehensive income	1.3		31.9		0.2		33.4
Balances at September 30, 2022	$	—	$	19.7	$	(3.3)	$	16.4

See Note 3 for information on the reclassification of amounts in AOCI into earnings. Reclassifications of unrealized before-tax gains and losses on derivative financial instruments are included in interest expense, net for our interest rate hedges and in cost of revenues for our foreign currency hedges in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Reclassifications of before-tax net actuarial gains/(losses) of defined benefit plans are included in other, net (income) expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in currency translation adjustments above relate to the final resolution of amounts associated with businesses previously disposed and are included in loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Note 12. Common Stock and Stock-Based Compensation

Stockholders' Equity

In September 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program effective September 9, 2021 through December 31, 2022. The new share repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $250.0 million of its common stock. In December 2021, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (the "ASR") to repurchase $125.0 million of our common stock. Approximately 3.3 million shares repurchased as part of the ASR on December 31, 2021 were delivered to the Company in January 2022 in accordance with normal settlement practices, representing approximately 80% of the total notional value of the ASR. The ASR was completed in April 2022. Share repurchase activity under the authorized program is as follows:


	Shares Repurchased			Remaining Authorization to Repurchase
Period	Number of Shares	Cost (in millions)		Cost (in millions)
September 9, 2021 Authorization				$	250.0
September 9, 2021 through September 30, 2021	—	$	—	$	250.0
October 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021	5,155,491	151.9		$	98.1
January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022	—	—		$	98.1
April 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022	1,760,462	50.3		$	47.8	(1)
July 1, 2022 through September 30, 2022	610,000	14.1		$	33.7
Total	7,525,953	$	216.3

(1) Share repurchases during the second quarter of 2022 included 760,602 shares at a cost of $25.0 million representing the final settlement of the ASR, which was funded in December 2021 but a portion of which remained outstanding as of December 31, 2021.

Certain shares of stock repurchased during September 2022, totaling $2.6 million, were cash settled in October 2022 in accordance with normal settlement practices.

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During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, share repurchases totaled 2.8 million and 14.6 million, respectively, at a cost of approximately $77.1 million and $404.7 million, respectively. Share repurchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 included 8.1 million shares, at a cost of approximately $222.5 million, from a privately negotiated transaction with ValueAct Capital Master Fund, L.P ("ValueAct"). The repurchase from ValueAct was approved by our Board of Directors separately from, and did not reduce the authorized amount remaining under, the previous share repurchase program, which was completed in the third quarter of 2021.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense totaled approximately $5.9 million and $16.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense totaled approximately $6.0 million and $15.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The Company's annual grant of share-based awards generally occurs in the second quarter under our 2004 Fourth Amended and Restated Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the "Plan”). Our stock options have contractual terms of ten years and become exercisable over a three-year period. Expense related to stock options is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Expense related to restricted stock units ("RSUs") issued to eligible employees under the Plan is recognized over the vesting period, generally between three years and four years. Beginning in 2020, certain RSU grants provide for full vesting when the award recipients retire having reached 60 years of age and having provided at least ten years of service to the Company, provided that the awards remain outstanding for a period of six months from the date of grant. The expense for these awards is recognized over the applicable service period for each of the eligible award recipients. Expense related to RSUs and restricted stock awards ("RSAs") granted to non-employee directors under the Plan is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, generally one year. Expense related to performance units is recognized on a straight-line basis from their award date to the end of the performance period, generally three years.

The following table summarizes stock-based compensation awards granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2022:


	Number of Shares Granted	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value per Award

Restricted stock units	630,449	$	25.64
Restricted stock awards	26,339	$	25.43
Performance units	243,084	$	29.89

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Note 13. Earnings Per Common Share

Basic net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc. per common share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income attributable to Trinity remaining after allocation to unvested restricted shares by the weighted average number of basic common shares outstanding for the period. Except when the effect would be antidilutive, the calculation of diluted EPS includes the net impact of potentially dilutive common shares. The Company has certain unvested RSAs that participate in dividends on a nonforfeitable basis and are therefore considered to be participating securities. Consequently, diluted net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc. per common share is calculated under both the two-class method and the treasury stock method, and the more dilutive of the two calculations is presented.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in millions, except per share amounts)
Income from continuing operations	$	29.7	$	25.5	$	56.1	$	17.7
Less: Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(0.5)		(3.9)		(7.9)		6.0

Net income from continuing operations attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	29.2		21.6		48.2		23.7
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes	(3.4)		10.4		(13.7)		24.3
Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes	—		—		(5.7)		—

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	(3.4)		10.4		(19.4)		24.3
Net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	25.8	$	32.0	$	28.8	$	48.0

Basic weighted average shares outstanding	81.7		97.7		82.3		103.4
Effect of dilutive securities	1.6		1.8		2.1		2.3
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	83.3		99.5		84.4		105.7

Basic earnings per common share:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.36	$	0.22	$	0.59	$	0.23
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	(0.04)		0.11		(0.24)		0.23
Basic net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	0.32	$	0.33	$	0.35	$	0.46
Diluted earnings per common share:
Income from continuing operations	$	0.35	$	0.22	$	0.57	$	0.22
Income (loss) from discontinued operations	(0.04)		0.11		(0.23)		0.23
Diluted net income attributable to Trinity Industries, Inc.	$	0.31	$	0.33	$	0.34	$	0.45

Potentially dilutive securities excluded from EPS calculation:
Antidilutive restricted shares	0.3		0.1		0.1		0.1
Antidilutive stock options	—		—		—		—

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Note 14. Contingencies

Highway products litigation

We previously reported the filing of a False Claims Act (“FCA”) complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall Division (“District Court”) styled Joshua Harman, on behalf of the United States of America, Plaintiff/Relator v. Trinity Industries, Inc., Defendant, Case No. 2:12-cv-00089-JRG (E.D. Tex.). In this case, in which the U.S. Government declined to intervene, the relator, Mr. Joshua Harman, alleged the Company violated the FCA pertaining to sales of the ET Plus. On October 20, 2014, a trial in this case concluded with a jury verdict stating that the Company and THP “knowingly made, used or caused to be made or used, a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim," and the District Court entered judgment on the verdict in the total amount of $682.4 million. On September 29, 2017, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ("Fifth Circuit") reversed the District Court’s $682.4 million judgment and rendered judgment as a matter of law in favor of the Company and THP. On January 7, 2019, the United States Supreme Court denied Mr. Harman's petition for certiorari seeking review of the Fifth Circuit's decision. The denial of Mr. Harman's petition ended this action.

Pursuant to the purchase and sale agreement related to the sale of THP, the Company has agreed to indemnify Rush Hour for certain liabilities related to the highway products business, including those liabilities resulting from or arising out of (a) the proceedings set forth under “State actions” and "Missouri class action" below and (b) any other proceedings to the extent resulting from or arising out of ET Plus systems or specified ET Plus component parts that are both (i) manufactured prior to December 31, 2021, and (ii) sold in the United States on or prior to April 30, 2022, or related warranty obligations with respect thereto.

State actions

Mr. Harman also has a separate state qui tam action currently pending pursuant to the Virginia Fraud Against Taxpayers Act ("VFATA") (Commonwealth of Virginia ex rel. Joshua M. Harman v. Trinity Industries, Inc. and Trinity Highway Products, LLC, Case No. CL13-698, in the Circuit Court, Richmond, Virginia). In this matter, Mr. Harman alleged the Company violated the VFATA pertaining to sales of the ET Plus, and he is seeking damages, civil penalties, attorneys’ fees, costs, and interest. The Commonwealth of Virginia Attorney General has intervened in the Virginia matter, which is scheduled for trial on April 17, 2023. The Company believes that the claims in this matter are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against all allegations.

In a similar Tennessee state qui tam action filed by Mr. Harman (State of Tennessee ex rel. Joshua M. Harman v. Trinity Industries, Inc., and Trinity Highway Products, LLC, Case No. 14C2652, in the Circuit Court for Davidson County, Tennessee), Mr. Harman alleged the Company violated the Tennessee False Claim Act pertaining to sales of the ET Plus, and he is seeking damages, civil penalties, attorneys’ fees, costs, and interest. The State of Tennessee Attorney General filed a Notice of Election to Decline Intervention in this matter. On January 10, 2022, the trial court granted Trinity’s Motion to Dismiss Harman’s Second Amended Complaint and entered an order dismissing Mr. Harman’s complaint with prejudice. On February 7, 2022, Mr. Harman filed a Notice of Appeal of the trial court's order dismissing the case. Mr. Harman's appeal remains pending. The Company believes that the claims in this matter are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against all allegations.

In a similar New Jersey state qui tam action (State of New Jersey ex rel. Joshua M. Harman v. Trinity Industries, Inc. and Trinity Highway Products, LLC, Case No.L-1344-14, in the Superior Court of New Jersey Law Division: Mercer County) that was previously dismissed by the trial court, Mr. Harman sought leave to file an amended complaint pursuant to the New Jersey False Claims Act. On February 16, 2022, the trial court denied Mr. Harman’s motion. On March 9, 2022, Mr. Harman filed a motion for reconsideration of the trial court’s order denying leave to file an amended complaint. On June 27, 2022, the trial court denied Mr. Harman’s motion for reconsideration seeking leave to file an amended complaint with prejudice. On August 9, 2022, Mr. Harman filed a Notice of Appeal of the trial court's order denying Mr. Harman's motion for reconsideration. Mr. Harman's appeal remains pending. The Company believes that the claims in this matter are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against all allegations.

As previously reported, state qui tam actions filed by Mr. Harman in the states of Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, Rhode Island, and California were dismissed. Also as previously reported, in June 2022, a state qui tam action filed by Mr. Harman in the state of Massachusetts was settled for $5.0 million, which is included in income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes, in our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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Based on information currently available to the Company and previously disclosed, we currently do not believe that a loss is probable in the Virginia, Tennessee, and New Jersey state qui tam actions described under "State actions," therefore no accrual has been included in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. Because of the complexity of these actions, as well as the current status of certain of these actions, we are not able to estimate a range of possible losses with respect to any one or more of these actions. While the financial impacts of these state actions are currently unknown, they could be material.

Missouri class action

On November 5, 2015, a lawsuit was filed against the Company titled Jackson County, Missouri, individually and on behalf of a class of others similarly situated vs. Trinity Industries, Inc. and Trinity Highway Products, LLC, Case No. 1516-CV23684 (Circuit Court of Jackson County, Missouri). The case was being brought by plaintiff for and on behalf of itself and all Missouri counties with a population of 10,000 or more persons, including the City of St. Louis, and the State of Missouri’s transportation authority. The plaintiff alleged that the Company and THP did not disclose design changes to the ET Plus and these allegedly undisclosed design changes made the ET Plus allegedly defective, unsafe, and unreasonably dangerous. The plaintiff alleged product liability negligence, product liability strict liability, and negligently supplying dangerous instrumentality for supplier’s business purposes. The plaintiff sought compensatory damages, interest, attorneys' fees, and costs, and in the alternative plaintiff sought a declaratory judgment that the ET Plus is defective, the Company’s conduct was unlawful, and class-wide costs and expenses associated with removing and replacing the ET Plus throughout Missouri. On December 6, 2017, the Court granted plaintiff's Motion for Class Certification, certifying a class of Missouri counties with populations of 10,000 or more persons, including the City of St. Louis and the State of Missouri's transportation authority that have or had ET Plus guardrail end terminals with 4-inch wide guide channels installed on roadways they own or maintain.

The parties reached an agreement to settle all claims in this case without any admission of liability or fault. Defendants have denied and continue to deny specifically each and all of the claims and contentions alleged in this case. The Company’s settlement with the class avoids the uncertainty and expense of continued litigation. On May 30, 2022, the trial court granted preliminary approval of the settlement, and on August 30, 2022, the trial court granted final approval of the settlement. Pursuant to the settlement, the Company will pay for the past replacement of certain ET Plus systems, for locating and replacing certain existing undamaged ET Plus systems, and for attorneys’ fees and costs. In accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $23.9 million ($18.3 million, net of income taxes) during the year ended December 31, 2021, which was included in income from discontinued operations, net of income taxes, in our Consolidated Statement of Operations, based on the Company’s assessment that a settlement was probable and the estimated costs to resolve this action. Certain amounts involved in the settlement cannot be precisely determined at this time as the actual number of qualifying ET Plus systems that will be replaced as part of the settlement is not currently known. Consequently, the corresponding liability will be periodically reviewed and adjusted, when appropriate, for a number of factors, including differences between actual and estimated costs. The accrual and related range of reasonably possible loss related to this matter are included in the amounts described below under "Other matters."

Product liability cases

The Company is currently defending product liability lawsuits in several different states that are alleged to involve the ET Plus as well as other products manufactured by THP. These cases are diverse in light of the randomness of collisions in general and the fact that each accident involving a roadside device, such as an end terminal, or any other fixed object along the highway, has its own unique facts and circumstances. The Company carries general liability insurance to mitigate the impact of adverse judgment exposures in these product liability cases. To the extent that the Company believes that a loss is probable with respect to these product liability cases, the accrual for such losses is included in the amounts described below under "Other matters".

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Other matters

The Company is involved in claims and lawsuits incidental to our business arising from various matters, including product warranty, personal injury, environmental issues, workplace laws, and various governmental regulations. The Company evaluates its exposure to such claims and suits periodically and establishes accruals for these contingencies when a range of loss can be reasonably estimated. The range of reasonably possible losses for such matters is $37.0 million to $51.2 million, which includes our rights in indemnity and recourse to third parties of approximately $10.1 million, which is recorded in other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2022. This range includes any amounts related to the Highway Products litigation matters described above in the section titled “Highway products litigation." At September 30, 2022, total accruals of $37.3 million, including environmental and workplace matters described below, are included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company believes any additional liability would not be material to its financial position or results of operations.

Trinity is subject to remedial orders and federal, state, local, and foreign laws and regulations relating to the environment and the workplace. The Company has reserved $1.0 million to cover our probable and estimable liabilities with respect to the investigations, assessments, and remedial responses to such matters, taking into account currently available information and our contractual rights to indemnification and recourse to third parties. However, estimates of liability arising from future proceedings, assessments, or remediation are inherently imprecise. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will not become involved in future litigation or other proceedings involving the environment and the workplace or, if we are found to be responsible or liable in any such litigation or proceeding, that such costs would not be material to the Company. We believe that we are currently in substantial compliance with environmental and workplace laws and regulations.

Georgia tornado

On March 26, 2021, a tornado damaged the Company’s rail maintenance facility in Cartersville, Georgia. We incurred costs related to cleanup and damage remediation activities in order for the facility to resume operations in the second quarter of 2021. We believe our insurance coverage is sufficient to cover property damage costs related to the event. To date, we have received total advanced payments from insurance of approximately $25.4 million, which includes $8.1 million for reimbursement of cleanup and damage remediation expenditures. As of September 30, 2022, we have utilized $17.0 million of the advanced payments from insurance towards new capital expenditures in support of the reconstruction efforts.

During the first six months of 2022, we recorded an insurance receivable of approximately $7.3 million for additional property damage recoveries that we expect to be reimbursed under the terms of our insurance policy, and we recorded a corresponding gain, net of the applicable deductible, of $6.4 million, which is included in the gains on dispositions of other property line in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We received $4.8 million of reimbursements for property damage recoveries, resulting in a remaining insurance receivable of $2.5 million as of June 30, 2022.

During the third quarter of 2022, we recorded an additional insurance receivable of approximately $2.9 million for additional insurance recoveries that we expect to be reimbursed under the terms of our insurance policy, and we recorded a gain of $1.1 million, which is included in the gains on dispositions of other property line in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We received $2.8 million of reimbursements during the third quarter of 2022, resulting in a remaining insurance receivable of $2.6 million as of September 30, 2022.

Any additional property damage insurance proceeds received in excess of the net book value of property lost will be accounted for as gains in future quarters.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide management's perspective on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and certain other factors that may affect our future results. Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

This MD&A includes financial measures compiled in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and certain non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section herein for information on the non-GAAP measures included in the MD&A, reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, and the reasons why management believes each measure is useful to management and investors.

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Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q (or statements otherwise made by the Company or on the Company’s behalf from time to time in other reports, filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), news releases, conferences, website postings or otherwise) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements contained herein that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, future financial performances, estimates, projections, goals, and forecasts. Trinity uses the words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “forecasts,” “may,” “will,” “should,” and similar expressions to identify these forward-looking statements. Potential factors, which could cause our actual results of operations to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, include, among others:

•market conditions and customer demand for our business products and services;

•the cyclical nature of the industries in which we compete;

•variations in weather in areas where our products are sold or used;

•naturally-occurring events, pandemics, and/or disasters causing disruption to our manufacturing, product deliveries, and production capacity, thereby giving rise to an increase in expenses, loss of revenue, and property losses;

•the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) and the response thereto, on, among other things, demand for our products and services, our customers' ability to pay, disruptions to our supply chain, our liquidity and financial position, results of operations, stock price, payment of dividends, our ability to generate new railcar orders, our ability to originate and/or renew leases at favorable rates, our ability to convert backlog to revenue, and the operational status of our facilities;

•disruptions in the transportation network used to deliver our products, which may impact our ability to timely deliver railcars to our customers;

•shortages of labor;

•impacts from asset impairments and related charges;

•the timing of introduction of new products;

•the timing and delivery of customer orders, lease portfolio sales, or a breach of customer contracts;

•the creditworthiness of customers and their access to capital;

•product price changes;

•changes in mix of products sold;

•the costs incurred to align manufacturing capacity with demand and the extent of its utilization;

•the operating leverage and efficiencies that can be achieved by our manufacturing businesses;

•availability and costs of steel, component parts, supplies, and other raw materials;

•competition and other competitive factors;

•changing technologies;

•material failure, interruption of service, compromised data security, phishing emails, or cybersecurity breaches in our information technology (or that of the third-party vendors who provide information technology or other services);

•surcharges and other fees added to fixed pricing agreements for steel, component parts, supplies, and other raw materials;

•interest rates and capital costs;

•counter-party risks for financial instruments;

•long-term funding of our operations;

•taxes;

•the stability of the governments and political and business conditions in certain foreign countries, particularly Mexico;

•geopolitical events, including armed conflicts, and their impact on supply chains, pricing, and the global economy;

•changes in import and export quotas and regulations;

•business conditions in emerging economies;

•costs and results of litigation, including trial and appellate costs;

•changes in accounting standards or inaccurate estimates or assumptions in the application of accounting policies;

•changes in laws and regulations that may have an adverse effect on demand for our products and services, our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows;

•legal, regulatory, and environmental issues, including compliance of our products with mandated specifications, standards, or testing criteria and obligations to remove and replace our products following installation or to recall our products and install different products;

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•actions by U.S. and/or foreign governments (particularly Mexico and Canada) relative to federal government budgeting, taxation policies, government expenditures, borrowing/debt ceiling limits, tariffs, and trade policies;

•the use of social or digital media to disseminate false, misleading and/or unreliable or inaccurate information; and

•the inability to sufficiently protect our intellectual property rights.

Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made. Except as required by federal securities laws, Trinity undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made. For a discussion of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K, this Form 10-Q and future Forms 10-Q and Current Reports on Forms 8-K.

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Company Overview

Trinity Industries, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Trinity,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” or "us") own businesses that are leading providers of railcar products and services in North America. Our rail-related businesses market their railcar products and services under the trade name TrinityRail®. The TrinityRail platform provides railcar leasing and management services, railcar manufacturing, and railcar maintenance and modification services.

We concluded that the sale of THP represented a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. Accordingly, we have presented the operating results and cash flows of THP as discontinued operations for all periods in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Results of prior periods have been recast to reflect these changes and present results on a comparable basis. In connection with the sale of THP, we agreed to indemnify Rush Hour for certain liabilities related to the ET-Plus® System, a highway guardrail end-terminal system (the “ET Plus”). Consequently, results from discontinued operations include certain legal expenses that were directly attributable to the highway products business, which were previously reported in continuing operations. Similar expenses incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and that may be incurred in the future related to these retained obligations will likewise be reported in discontinued operations. See Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information related to the sale of THP and Note 14 for information regarding the retained liabilities.

Following the sale of THP, we report our operating results in two reportable segments: (1) the Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group (the "Leasing Group"), which owns and operates a fleet of railcars and provides third-party fleet leasing, management, and administrative services; and (2) the Rail Products Group, which manufactures and sells railcars and related parts and components, and provides railcar maintenance and modification services. Additionally, we have combined the results of the prior Corporate and All Other groupings into a single Corporate and other grouping. The remaining activity previously reported in All Other primarily includes legal, environmental, and maintenance costs associated with non-operating facilities. Results of prior periods have been recast to reflect these changes and present results on a comparable basis.

Executive Summary

Recent Market Developments

Cyclical, Seasonal and Other Trends Impacting Our Business

The industries in which our customers operate are cyclical in nature. Weaknesses in certain sectors of the North American and global economy may make it more difficult to sell or lease certain types of railcars. Additionally, changes in commodity prices, including fluctuations in the crude oil market, or changes in demand for certain commodities, could impact customer demand for various types of railcars. Further, disruptions in the global supply chain have impacted demand for, and the costs of, certain of our products and services. We continuously assess demand for our products and services and take steps to rationalize and diversify our leased railcar portfolio and align our operating capacity appropriately. We diligently evaluate the creditworthiness of our customers and monitor performance of relevant market sectors; however, weaknesses in any of these market sectors could affect the financial viability of our underlying Leasing Group customers, which could negatively impact our recurring leasing revenues and operating profits.

Railcar loading volumes, levels of railcars in storage, and orders for new railcar equipment have improved, and railcar lease rates and utilization continue to improve. We believe that our rail platform is designed to respond to cyclical changes in demand and perform throughout the railcar cycle.

Steel prices and labor costs have increased significantly since the fourth quarter of 2020 and are major components of our cost of revenues. We typically use contract-specific purchasing practices, existing supplier commitments, contractual price escalation provisions, and other arrangements with our customers to reduce the impact of plate and coil steel price volatility on our operating profit. However, higher steel prices have resulted in increases in the cost of certain railcar components and could reduce demand for new railcars. Additionally, although we remain committed to attracting and retaining a highly skilled and diverse workforce, labor shortages, high turnover, and increases in labor costs have negatively impacted our operations. We continue to monitor the impact of potential margin and operating profit headwinds resulting from these factors.

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As a result of disruptions in the global supply chain, we have continued to experience shortages of materials used to manufacture or repair certain railcar types, as well as disruptions in the transportation network used to deliver our products, which have impacted our ability to timely deliver these railcars to our customers. While we believe these challenges will be resolved over time, they may persist over the foreseeable future, which could continue to impact our operations. We will continue to monitor the situation and take appropriate steps within our control to mitigate the potential impacts on our production schedules and delivery timelines.

Due to their transactional nature, lease portfolio sales are the primary driver of fluctuations in results in the Leasing Group.

COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted global and North American economic conditions. The social and economic effects of the pandemic have been widespread. We continue to monitor the operational and financial impacts of the pandemic and other economic factors. Although we have not experienced significant interruptions to our daily operations or a material impact to our operating costs, the ongoing economic pressures related to the effects of the pandemic have negatively impacted our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. While we continue to see gradual reduction of the impacts of the pandemic, we are monitoring the impacts of COVID-19 variants on the economy and our workforce.

Please refer to the "Forward-Looking Statements" section above and Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of the 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding the potential impacts of COVID-19 on our business.

Financial and Operational Highlights

•Our revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $1,386.1 million, representing an increase of 32.8%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Our operating profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $220.5 million compared to $187.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

•The Leasing Group's lease fleet of 109,195 company-owned railcars was 97.9% utilized as of September 30, 2022, compared to a lease fleet utilization of 95.0% on 105,915 company-owned railcars as of September 30, 2021. Our company-owned lease fleet includes wholly-owned railcars, partially-owned railcars, and railcars under leased-in arrangements.

•For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we made a net investment in our lease fleet of approximately $176.3 million, which primarily includes new railcar additions, sustainable railcar conversions, railcar modifications, and other betterments, net of deferred profit, and secondary market purchases; and is net of proceeds from lease portfolio sales.

•The total value of the new railcar backlog at September 30, 2022 was $4.1 billion, compared to $1.2 billion at September 30, 2021. The Rail Products Group received orders for 28,890 railcars and delivered 8,915 railcars in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, in comparison to orders for 8,510 railcars and deliveries of 6,070 railcars in the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

◦In the third quarter of 2022, we entered into a new long-term railcar supply agreement with GATX Corporation (“GATX”) to deliver a mix of 15,000 newly built tank and freight railcars over a six-year period. Our ending backlog at September 30, 2022 includes 15,000 railcars valued at approximately $1.8 billion associated with this agreement.

•The Rail Products Group offers a sustainable railcar conversion program whereby certain tank cars and freight cars are converted or upgraded to better meet changing market demands. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, sustainable railcar conversion revenues totaled $117.9 million, representing 1,230 railcars.

•For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, operating cash flows from continuing operations was a net use of $52.6 million and Free Cash Flow After Investments and Dividends ("Free Cash Flow") was $0.1 million(1), in comparison to generating operating cash flows from continuing operations and Free Cash Flow of $418.8 million and $510.9 million(1), respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

(1) Non-GAAP financial measure. See the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section within this Form 10-Q for a reconciliation to the most directly comparable GAAP measure and why management believes this measure is useful to management and investors.

See "Consolidated Results of Operations" and "Segment Discussion" below for additional information regarding our operating results.

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Returns of Capital to Shareholders

Returns of capital to shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases are summarized below:

(1) Dividend yield is calculated as dividends paid for the four previous quarters divided by the closing stock price on the last trading day of each respective quarter.

(2) In the third quarter of 2021, we completed the existing share repurchase program, and our Board of Directors authorized a new $250.0 million share repurchase program.

(3) In the fourth quarter of 2021, we entered into an additional stock repurchase agreement with ValueAct Capital Master Fund, L.P. ("ValueAct") in a privately negotiated transaction. Additionally, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement (the "ASR") to repurchase $125.0 million of our common stock. See Note 12 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the ASR.

(4) There were no shares repurchased during the first quarter of 2022 due to the ongoing ASR.

(5) In the second quarter of 2022, we completed the final settlement of the ASR. See Note 12 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the ASR.

Capital Structure Updates

Tribute Rail – In May 2022, Tribute Rail LLC ("Tribute Rail"), an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of TRIP Rail Holdings LLC ("TRIP Holdings"), issued $327.0 million of its Series 2022-1 Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes. These notes bear interest at an all-in interest rate of 4.88% and have a stated final maturity date of 2052. Net proceeds received from the issuance of these notes were used to redeem TRIP Railcar Co. LLC's ("TRIP Railcar Co.") existing term loan agreement, of which $319.4 million was outstanding at the redemption date.

While the stated final maturity date of these debt issuances is in 2052, the cash flows from the encumbered assets of each of TRL-2022 and Tribute Rail will be applied, pursuant to the payment priorities of their respective indentures, so as to amortize their respective notes to achieve monthly targeted principal balances. If the cash flow assumptions used in determining the targeted balances are met, it is anticipated that the notes will be repaid well in advance of their stated final maturity date. There can be no assurance, however, that such cash flow assumptions will be realized. See Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

Litigation Updates

See Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for an update on the status of certain litigation retained in connection with the sale of THP.

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Consolidated Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Revenues	$	496.6	$	419.8	$	1,386.1	$	1,043.8
Cost of revenues	395.3		337.4		1,119.4		785.8
Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	48.0		45.8		137.7		136.7
Gains on dispositions of property	39.4		41.6		92.5		65.2

Restructuring activities, net	—		(0.1)		1.0		(1.1)
Total operating profit	92.7		78.3		220.5		187.6
Interest expense, net	55.0		45.2		148.2		147.5
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		1.5		11.7
Other, net	(0.6)		(0.7)		(2.7)		1.3
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	38.3		33.8		73.5		27.1
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	8.6		8.3		17.4		9.4
Income from continuing operations	$	29.7	$	25.5	$	56.1	$	17.7

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Revenues

The tables below present revenues by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Revenues						Percent
	External		Intersegment		Total		Change
	(in millions)
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	194.6	$	0.2	$	194.8	5.0	%
Rail Products Group	302.0		295.3		597.3		75.7	%

Segment Totals	496.6		295.5		792.1		50.8	%
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	—		(295.3)		(295.3)
Eliminations – Other	—		(0.2)		(0.2)
Consolidated Total	$	496.6	$	—	$	496.6	18.3	%

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Revenues
	External		Intersegment		Total
	(in millions)
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	185.3	$	0.2	$	185.5
Rail Products Group	234.5		105.4		339.9

Segment Totals	419.8		105.6		525.4
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	—		(105.3)		(105.3)
Eliminations – Other	—		(0.3)		(0.3)
Consolidated Total	$	419.8	$	—	$	419.8

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Revenues						Percent
	External		Intersegment		Total		Change
	(in millions)
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	572.6	$	0.6	$	573.2	3.4	%
Rail Products Group	813.5		605.5		1,419.0		64.5	%

Segment Totals	1,386.1		606.1		1,992.2		40.6	%
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	—		(605.5)		(605.5)
Eliminations – Other	—		(0.6)		(0.6)
Consolidated Total	$	1,386.1	$	—	$	1,386.1	32.8	%

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Revenues
	External		Intersegment		Total
	(in millions)
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	553.6	$	0.5	$	554.1
Rail Products Group	490.2		372.5		862.7

Segment Totals	1,043.8		373.0		1,416.8
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	—		(367.6)		(367.6)
Eliminations – Other	—		(5.4)		(5.4)
Consolidated Total	$	1,043.8	$	—	$	1,043.8

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Operating Costs

Operating costs are comprised of cost of revenues; selling, engineering, and administrative costs; gains or losses on property disposals; and restructuring activities. Operating costs by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	86.9	$	76.2	$	280.0	$	285.4
Rail Products Group	571.3		343.0		1,378.5		871.4
Segment Totals	658.2		419.2		1,658.5		1,156.8
Corporate and other	21.4		23.1		62.2		63.1

Restructuring activities, net	—		(0.1)		1.0		(1.1)
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	(275.7)		(100.8)		(556.8)		(358.3)
Eliminations – Other	—		0.1		0.7		(4.3)
Consolidated Total	$	403.9	$	341.5	$	1,165.6	$	856.2

Operating Profit

Operating profit by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	(in millions)
Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group	$	107.9	$	109.3	$	293.2	$	268.7
Rail Products Group	26.0		(3.1)		40.5		(8.7)

Segment Totals	133.9		106.2		333.7		260.0
Corporate and other	(21.4)		(23.1)		(62.2)		(63.1)

Restructuring activities, net	—		0.1		(1.0)		1.1
Eliminations – Lease Subsidiary	(19.6)		(4.5)		(48.7)		(9.3)
Eliminations – Other	(0.2)		(0.4)		(1.3)		(1.1)
Consolidated Total	$	92.7	$	78.3	$	220.5	$	187.6

Discussion of Consolidated Results

Revenues – Our revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were $496.6 million, representing an increase of $76.8 million, or 18.3%, over the prior year period. Our revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $1,386.1 million, representing an increase of $342.3 million, or 32.8%, over the prior year period. The increases in revenues were primarily due to a higher volume of, and improved pricing on, external deliveries in the Rail Products Group.

Cost of revenues – Our cost of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $395.3 million, representing an increase of $57.9 million, or 17.2%, over the prior year period. Our cost of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1,119.4 million, representing an increase of $333.6 million, or 42.5%, over the prior year period. The increases in cost of revenues were primarily due to a higher volume of, and input cost inflation associated with, external deliveries in the Rail Products Group.

Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses – Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses were substantially unchanged for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 when compared to the prior year periods.

Gains on dispositions of property – Gains on dispositions of property decreased by $2.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 when compared to the prior year period. During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recorded gains of $1.1 million and $4.7 million, respectively, related to insurance recoveries in excess of net book value for assets damaged by a tornado at the Company’s rail maintenance facility in Cartersville, Georgia in the first quarter of 2021. See Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

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Gains on dispositions of property increased by $27.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 when compared to the prior year period primarily due to higher lease portfolio sales. Results for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 included gains of $7.5 million and $4.7 million, respectively, related to insurance recoveries in excess of net book value for assets damaged by a tornado at the Company’s rail maintenance facility in Cartersville, Georgia in the first quarter of 2021. See Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

Operating profit – Operating profit for the three months ended September 30, 2022 totaled $92.7 million, representing an increase of $14.4 million, or 18.4%, from the prior year period primarily due to higher deliveries and improved pricing in the Rail Products Group, partially offset by higher fleet operating costs and increased depreciation in the Leasing Group.

Operating profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 totaled $220.5 million, representing an increase of $32.9 million, or 17.5%, from the prior year period primarily due to higher lease portfolio sales activity, partially offset by higher costs associated with external deliveries in the Rail Products Group, including the impact of deliveries of orders taken at the bottom of the cycle, as well as higher fleet operating costs and increased depreciation in the Leasing Group. Operating profit was favorably impacted in the current and prior year periods by insurance recoveries related to a tornado at the Company’s rail maintenance facility in Cartersville, Georgia in the first quarter of 2021.

For further information regarding the operating results of individual segments, see "Segment Discussion" below.

Interest expense, net – Interest expense, net for the three months ended September 30, 2022 totaled $55.0 million, compared to $45.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily driven by higher variable interest rates associated with TILC's warehouse loan facility and higher overall average debt.

Interest expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 totaled $148.2 million, compared to $147.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily driven by higher variable interest rates associated with TILC's warehouse loan facility and higher overall average debt in 2022, partially offset by lower overall borrowing costs associated with the Company's debt facilities resulting from debt refinancing activity during the second quarter of 2021.

Loss on extinguishment of debt – Loss on extinguishment of debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.5 million from the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the repayment of TRIP Railcar Co.'s outstanding term loan agreement. Loss on extinguishment of debt for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $11.7 million from the refinancing of our partially-owned subsidiaries' debt, which included the write-off of $8.4 million in unamortized debt issuance costs and a $3.3 million early redemption premium. There was no loss on extinguishment of debt for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Income taxes – The effective tax rate from continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 22.5% and 23.7%, respectively, which differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to state income taxes, foreign taxes, non-deductible executive compensation, excess tax benefits associated with equity-based compensation, taxes not recorded on our non-controlling interests in partially-owned subsidiaries, and a reduction of our uncertain tax positions balance due to a lapse of a state statute of limitations.

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Segment Discussion

Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group


	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			Percent		2022			2021			Percent
	($ in millions)						Change		($ in millions)						Change
Revenues:
Leasing and management	$	194.8		$	185.5		5.0	%	$	573.2		$	554.1		3.4	%



Operating profit (1):
Leasing and management	$	73.6		$	76.4		(3.7)	%	$	220.2		$	223.0		(1.3)	%
Lease portfolio sales (2)	34.3			32.9			*		73.0			45.7			*
Total operating profit	$	107.9		$	109.3		(1.3)	%	$	293.2		$	268.7		9.1	%
Total operating profit margin	55.4		%	58.9		%			51.2		%	48.5		%

Leasing and management operating profit margin	37.8		%	41.2		%			38.4		%	40.2		%

Selected expense information:
Depreciation (3)	$	59.1		$	58.7		0.7	%	$	175.7		$	170.5		3.0	%
Maintenance and compliance	$	28.2		$	22.8		23.7	%	$	84.7		$	73.7		14.9	%
Rent and ad valorem taxes	$	5.2		$	5.0		4.0	%	$	15.5		$	14.3		8.4	%
Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	$	14.2		$	11.6		22.4	%	$	39.6		$	36.1		9.7	%
Interest (4)	$	49.2		$	39.9		23.3	%	$	133.9		$	142.6		(6.1)	%

* Not meaningful

(1) Operating profit includes: depreciation; fleet operating costs, which include maintenance, compliance, freight, and storage; rent and ad valorem taxes; and selling, engineering, and administrative expenses. Amortization of deferred profit on railcars sold from the Rail Products Group to the Leasing Group is included in the operating profits of the Leasing Group, resulting in the recognition of depreciation expense based on our original manufacturing cost of the railcars. Interest expense is not a component of operating profit and includes the effect of hedges.

(2) Includes $1.3 million selling profit associated with sales-type leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Information related to lease portfolio sales is as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
	($ in millions)
Lease portfolio sales	$	299.6		$	322.1		$	514.8		$	410.9
Operating profit on lease portfolio sales (1)	$	34.3		$	32.9		$	71.7		$	45.7
Operating profit margin on lease portfolio sales	11.4		%	10.2		%	13.9		%	11.1		%

(1) Excludes $1.3 million selling profit associated with sales-type leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Total revenues for the Railcar Leasing and Management Services Group increased by 5.0% and 3.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, compared to the prior year periods. Leasing and management revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were favorably impacted by higher utilization, improved renewal rates, and the effect of net lease fleet investment activities, which resulted in higher revenues when compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

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Operating profit for the Leasing Group decreased by 1.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and increased by 9.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the prior year periods. Operating profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was favorably impacted by higher lease portfolio sale activity. Leasing and management operating profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased by 3.7% and 1.3%, respectively, compared to the prior year periods primarily due to higher fleet operating costs and increased depreciation, partially offset by higher utilization on a larger lease fleet.

The Leasing Group generally uses its non-recourse warehouse loan facility or cash to provide initial funding for a portion of the purchase price of the railcars. After initial funding, the Leasing Group may obtain long-term financing for the railcars in the lease fleet through non-recourse asset-backed securities; long-term non-recourse operating leases pursuant to sale-leaseback transactions; long-term recourse debt such as equipment trust certificates; long-term non-recourse promissory notes; or third-party equity.

Information regarding the Leasing Group’s lease fleet is as follows:


	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Number of railcars:
Wholly-owned (1)	85,280		81,395
Partially-owned	23,915		24,520
	109,195		105,915
Investor-owned	33,245		30,060
	142,440		135,975
Company-owned railcars (2):
Average age in years	12.1		10.9
Average remaining lease term in years	3.0		2.9
Fleet utilization	97.9	%	95.0	%

(1) Includes 2,805 railcars and 2,280 railcars under leased-in arrangements as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(2) Includes wholly-owned railcars, partially-owned railcars, and railcars under leased-in arrangements.

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Rail Products Group


	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			Percent		2022			2021			Percent
	($ in millions)						Change		($ in millions)						Change
Revenues:
Rail products (1)	$	531.1		$	297.6		78.5	%	$	1,228.5		$	709.2		73.2	%
Maintenance services	51.9			33.3			55.9	%	151.9			124.4			22.1	%
Other	14.3			9.0			58.9	%	38.6			29.1			32.6	%
Total revenues	$	597.3		$	339.9		75.7	%	$	1,419.0		$	862.7		64.5	%

Operating costs:
Cost of revenues	563.5			339.5			66.0	%	1,360.3			850.7			59.9	%
Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	8.7			8.3			4.8	%	25.4			25.4			—	%
Gains on dispositions of property	(0.9)			(4.8)			*		(7.2)			(4.7)			*
Operating profit (loss)	$	26.0		$	(3.1)		*		$	40.5		$	(8.7)		*
Operating profit (loss) margin	4.4		%	(0.9)		%			2.9		%	(1.0)		%

* Not meaningful

(1) Includes sustainable railcar conversion revenues of $28.9 million, representing 300 railcars, for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and sustainable railcar conversion revenues of $117.9 million, representing 1,230 railcars, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Includes sustainable railcar conversion revenues of $26.0 million, representing 242 railcars for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and sustainable railcar conversion revenues of $38.8 million, representing 361 railcars for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Revenues for the Rail Products Group increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 by 75.7% and 64.5%, respectively, when compared to the prior year periods. Revenues in our rail products business increased as a result of higher deliveries, favorable pricing, and price escalation provisions contained in our customer contracts, and revenues in our maintenance services business increased as a result of a higher mix of HM-251 modifications relative to other maintenance services revenues.

Cost of revenues for the Rail Products Group increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 by 66.0% and 59.9%, respectively, when compared to the prior year periods. In our rail products business, the increase in cost of revenues was driven by higher deliveries and input cost inflation, as well as operational inefficiencies associated with supply chain disruptions. In our maintenance services business, cost of revenues increased as a result of a higher volume of HM-251 modifications. Cost of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were further impacted by the introduction of additional products into the production line in our rail products business and continued to be negatively impacted by labor shortages leading to operating inefficiencies in our maintenance services business.

Operating profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was favorably impacted by higher deliveries and improved pricing, partially offset by disruptions in the transportation network used to deliver our products. Operating profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was unfavorably impacted by deliveries of orders taken at the bottom of the cycle. Additionally, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, operating profit was favorably impacted by insurance recoveries related to a tornado at the Company’s rail maintenance facility in Cartersville, Georgia in the first quarter of 2021.

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Information related to our Rail Products Group backlog of new railcars is as follows. In addition to the amounts below, as of September 30, 2022, our backlog related to sustainable railcar conversions totaled $201.4 million, representing 2,420 railcars.


	September 30,
	2022		2021		Percent
	(in millions)				Change
External customers (1)	$	3,573.7	$	980.9
Leasing Group	517.2		247.5
Total (2)	$	4,090.9	$	1,228.4	233.0	%


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022	2021	2022		2021		Percent
							Change
Beginning balance	18,090	11,305	13,980		8,985
Orders received (1)	19,500	2,530	28,890		8,510		239.5	%
Deliveries	(3,935)	(2,410)	(8,915)		(6,070)		46.9	%
Other adjustments (2)	—	—	(300)		—
Ending balance	33,655	11,425	33,655		11,425		194.6	%
Average selling price in ending backlog			$	121,554	$	107,519	13.1	%

(1) Ending backlog and orders received for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 include 15,000 railcars valued at approximately $1.8 billion associated with a new long-term railcar supply agreement with GATX.

(2) The adjustment for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 includes 300 railcars valued at $34.6 million that were removed from the new railcar backlog and shifted to the sustainable railcar conversion backlog.

Total backlog dollars increased by 233.0% when compared to the prior year period primarily from an increase in the volume and average selling price of orders received. We expect to deliver approximately 16.2% of our railcar backlog value during 2022 and 35.5% during 2023, with the remainder to be delivered through 2028. The orders in our backlog from the Leasing Group are fully supported by lease commitments with external customers. The final amount of backlog attributable to the Leasing Group may vary by the time of delivery as customers may elect to change their procurement decision.

Transactions between the Rail Products Group and the Leasing Group are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
	($ in millions)
Revenues:
New railcars	$	229.2	$	70.8	$	423.9	$	279.2
Sustainable railcar conversions	$	28.9	$	26.0	$	89.2	$	38.8
Other maintenance services	$	37.2	$	8.5	$	92.4	$	49.6

Deferred profit	$	19.6	$	4.5	$	48.7	$	9.3

Number of new railcars (in units)	1,735		670		3,205		2,741
Number of sustainable railcar conversions (in units)	300		242		860		361

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Corporate and other


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		Percent		2022		2021		Percent
	(in millions)				Change		(in millions)				Change




Operating costs:

Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses	$	25.1	$	25.9	(3.1)	%	$	72.7	$	75.2	(3.3)	%
Gains on dispositions of property	(3.7)		(2.8)		*		(10.5)		(12.1)		*
Operating loss	$	(21.4)	$	(23.1)	(7.4)	%	$	(62.2)	$	(63.1)	(1.4)	%

* Not meaningful

Selling, engineering, and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased 3.1% and 3.3%, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, primarily from lower litigation-related expenses. Total operating costs in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were favorably impacted by gains associated with the disposition of non-operating facilities. As we continue to streamline our operational footprint, we may have additional gains or losses on the disposition of other non-operating facilities.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

We expect to finance future operating requirements with cash, cash equivalents, and short-term marketable securities; cash flows from operations; and short-term debt, long-term debt, and equity. Debt instruments that we have utilized include the TILC warehouse loan facility, senior notes, convertible subordinated notes, asset-backed securities, non-recourse promissory notes, sale-leaseback transactions, and our revolving credit facility.

As of September 30, 2022, we have total committed liquidity of $464.7 million. Our total available liquidity includes: $58.5 million of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents; $264.1 million unused and available under our revolving credit facility; and $142.1 million unused and available under the TILC warehouse loan facility based on the amount of warehouse-eligible, unpledged equipment. We believe we have access to adequate capital resources to fund operating requirements and are an active participant in the capital markets.

Liquidity Highlights

TRL-2022 – In April 2022, TRL-2022 issued $244.8 million of its Series 2022-1 Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes. These notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.55% and have a stated final maturity date of 2052. Net proceeds received from the transaction were used to repay borrowings under TILC's warehouse loan facility and for general corporate purposes.

Dividend Payments – We paid $58.3 million in dividends to our common stockholders during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Share Repurchase Authorization – In September 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program effective September 9, 2021 through December 31, 2022. The new share repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $250.0 million of its common stock. In December 2021, using a portion of the proceeds from the sale of THP, we entered into an ASR to repurchase $125.0 million of our common stock. Approximately 3.3 million shares repurchased as part of the ASR on December 31, 2021 were delivered to the Company in January 2022 in accordance with normal settlement practices, representing approximately 80% of the total notional value of the ASR. The ASR was completed in April 2022. Share repurchase activity under the authorized program is as follows:


	Shares Repurchased			Remaining Authorization to Repurchase
Period	Number of shares	Cost (in millions)		Cost (in millions)
September 9, 2021 Authorization				$	250.0
September 9, 2021 through September 30, 2021	—	$	—	$	250.0
October 1, 2021 through December 31, 2021	5,155,491	151.9		$	98.1
January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022	—	—		$	98.1
April 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022	1,760,462	50.3		$	47.8	(1)
July 1, 2022 through September 30, 2022	610,000	14.1		$	33.7
Total	7,525,953	$	216.3

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Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in millions)
Net cash flows from continuing operations:
Operating activities	$	(52.6)	$	418.8
Investing activities	(186.1)		47.8
Financing activities	193.1		(354.1)
Net cash flows from discontinued operations	(18.1)		4.2
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	(63.7)	$	116.7

Operating Activities. Net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $52.6 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations of $418.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The changes in our operating assets and liabilities are as follows:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in millions)
(Increase) decrease in receivables, inventories, and other assets	$	(325.4)	$	(89.0)
(Increase) decrease in income tax receivable	(5.6)		249.8
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and other liabilities	67.7		58.9
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	$	(263.3)	$	219.7

The changes in our operating assets and liabilities resulted in a net use of $263.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to a net source of $219.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Operating assets in the current period were impacted by cyclical shifts in anticipation of higher volumes of railcar deliveries in future periods, as well as continued supply chain challenges. The decrease in the income tax receivable in the prior year period was primarily driven by the collection of approximately $248.3 million of income tax refunds associated with the loss carryback provisions included in recent tax legislation.

Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $186.1 million compared to $47.8 million of net cash provided by investing activities from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Significant investing activities are as follows:

•We made a net investment in our lease fleet of $176.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to proceeds received from lease portfolio sales exceeding the investment in our lease fleet by approximately $40.6 million in the prior year period. Our investment in the lease fleet primarily includes new railcar additions, sustainable railcar conversions, railcar modifications, and other betterments, net of deferred profit, and secondary market purchases; and is net of proceeds from lease portfolio sales.

•During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we acquired a company that owns and operates an end-to-end rail logistics software platform providing a real-time data universe to freight rail shippers and operators for net cash of $9.4 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we acquired a company that owns and operates proprietary railcar cleaning technology systems for net cash of $16.5 million.

•We purchased equity investments totaling $15.5 million and $0.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily related to our investments in Signal Rail Holdings LLC. See Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Financing Activities. Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $193.1 million compared to $354.1 million of net cash used in financing activities for the same period in 2021. Significant financing activities are as follows:

•During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we had total borrowings of $1,664.5 million and total repayments of $1,351.5 million, for net proceeds of $313.0 million, primarily from debt proceeds to support our investment in the lease fleet. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we had total borrowings of $2,393.7 million and total repayments of $2,256.8 million, for net proceeds of $136.9 million, primarily from debt proceeds to support our investment in the lease fleet.

•We paid $58.3 million and $68.5 million in dividends to our common stockholders during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

•We repurchased common stock totaling $36.8 million and $406.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The current year period excludes $25.0 million representing the final settlement of the ASR, which was funded in December 2021 but a portion of which remained outstanding as of December 31, 2021. Certain shares of stock repurchased during September 2022, totaling $2.6 million, were cash settled in October 2022 in accordance with normal settlement practices. The prior year period includes shares repurchased in a privately negotiated transaction with ValueAct totaling $222.5 million.

Current Debt Obligations

The revolving credit facility contains several financial covenants that require the maintenance of ratios related to minimum interest coverage for the leasing and manufacturing operations and maximum leverage. In July 2022, we amended our revolving credit facility to increase the maximum leverage ratio to provide additional flexibility. A summary of our financial covenants is detailed below:

Ratio

Covenant

Actual at

September 30, 2022

Maximum leverage (1)

No greater than 4.25 to 1.00

2.70

Minimum interest coverage (2)

No less than 2.25 to 1.00

6.57

(1) Defined as the ratio of consolidated total indebtedness to consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") for the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries for the period of four consecutive quarters ending with September 30, 2022.

(2) Defined as the ratio of the difference of (A) consolidated EBITDA less (B) consolidated capital expenditures – manufacturing and other to consolidated interest expense to the extent paid in cash, in each case for the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries for the period of four consecutive quarters ending with September 30, 2022.

As of September 30, 2022, we were in compliance with all such financial covenants. Please refer to Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our current debt obligations.

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Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

Our 4.55% senior notes due 2024 ("Senior Notes") are fully and unconditionally and jointly and severally guaranteed by certain of Trinity’s 100%-owned subsidiaries: Trinity Industries Leasing Company; Trinity North American Freight Car, Inc.; Trinity Rail Group, LLC; Trinity Tank Car, Inc.; and TrinityRail Maintenance Services, Inc. (collectively, the "Guarantor Subsidiaries”).

The Senior Notes indenture agreement includes customary provisions for the release of the guarantees by the Guarantor Subsidiaries upon the occurrence of certain allowed events including the release of one or more of the Guarantor Subsidiaries as guarantor under our revolving credit facility. See Note 8 of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Senior Notes are not guaranteed by any of our remaining 100%-owned subsidiaries or partially-owned subsidiaries (“Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”).

As of September 30, 2022, assets held by the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries included $168.4 million of restricted cash that was not available for distribution to Trinity Industries, Inc. (“Parent”), $7,167.1 million of equipment securing certain non-recourse debt, and $607.8 million of assets located in foreign locations. As of December 31, 2021, assets held by the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries included $79.6 million of restricted cash that was not available for distribution to the Parent, $6,595.5 million of equipment securing certain non-recourse debt, and $414.8 million of assets located in foreign locations.

The following tables include the summarized financial information for Parent and Guarantor Subsidiaries (together, the obligor group) on a combined basis after elimination of intercompany transactions within the obligor group (in millions). Investments in and equity in the earnings of the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries (the non-obligor group) have been excluded.


			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Summarized Statement of Operations:
Revenues (1)			$	846.6
Cost of revenues (2)			$	793.0
Income (loss) from continuing operations			$	(59.6)
Net income (loss) (3)			$	(77.9)


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Summarized Balance Sheets:
Assets:
Receivables, net of allowance (4)	$	289.0	$	245.8
Inventories	$	641.6	$	409.4
Property, plant, and equipment, net	$	447.8	$	953.3
Goodwill and other assets	$	415.0	$	385.7

Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (5)	$	389.5	$	337.0
Debt	$	459.0	$	398.7
Deferred income taxes	$	944.7	$	926.2
Other liabilities	$	139.4	$	147.0
Noncontrolling interest	$	255.2	$	267.0

(1) There were no net sales from the obligor group to Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

(2) Cost of revenues includes $193.0 million of purchases from Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

(3) Net income (loss) includes $18.3 million of net loss related to discontinued operations.

(4) Receivables, net of allowance includes $98.4 million and $93.5 million of receivables from Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

(5) Accounts payable includes $38.6 million and $29.7 million of payables to Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

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Capital Expenditures

For the full year 2022, we anticipate a net investment in our lease fleet of between $250 million and $300 million. Capital expenditures related to manufacturing and other activities, including expansion of our fleet maintenance capabilities and systems upgrades, are projected to range between $35 million and $45 million for the full year 2022.

Equity Investment

See Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for information about our investment in partially-owned leasing subsidiaries.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2022, we had letters of credit issued under our revolving credit facility in an aggregate amount of $4.9 million, the majority of which are expected to expire in November 2023. Our letters of credit obligations support performance bonds related to certain railcar orders. See Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about our corporate revolving credit facility.

Derivative Instruments

LIBOR Transition

The United Kingdom's Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), has announced that it will no longer persuade or require banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after June 2023. In the U.S., the Alternative Reference Rates Committee has identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") as its preferred alternative to LIBOR. During the third quarter of 2022, we amended our corporate revolving credit facility and warehouse loan facility to transition the facility benchmark rate from LIBOR to SOFR plus a benchmark adjustment. We currently have LIBOR-based contracts that extend beyond June 2023 related to promissory notes and derivative instruments for Trinity Rail Leasing 2017 LLC. After LIBOR is phased out, the interest rates for these obligations might be subject to change. The replacement of LIBOR with an alternative benchmark reference rate may adversely affect interest rates and result in higher borrowing costs under these agreements and any future agreements.

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Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We have included financial measures compiled in accordance with GAAP and certain non-GAAP measures in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to provide management and investors with additional information regarding our financial results. Non-GAAP measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for our reporting results prepared in accordance with GAAP and, as calculated, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures for other companies. For each non-GAAP financial measure, we provide a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

Free Cash Flow

Total Free Cash Flow After Investments and Dividends ("Free Cash Flow") is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe Free Cash Flow is useful to both management and investors as it provides a relevant measure of liquidity and a useful basis for assessing our ability to fund our operations and repay our debt. Free Cash Flow is reconciled to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, in the following table.

Free Cash Flow is defined as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations as computed in accordance with GAAP, plus cash proceeds from lease portfolio sales, less capital expenditures for manufacturing, dividends paid, and Equity CapEx for leased railcars. Equity CapEx for leased railcars is defined as leasing capital expenditures, adjusted to exclude net proceeds from (repayments of) debt.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
	(in millions)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities – continuing operations	$	(52.6)	$	418.8
Proceeds from lease portfolio sales	514.8		404.5
Adjusted Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	462.2		823.3
Capital expenditures – manufacturing and other	(25.7)		(16.9)
Dividends paid to common stockholders	(58.3)		(68.5)
Free Cash Flow (before Capital expenditures – leasing)	378.2		737.9
Equity CapEx for leased railcars	(378.1)		(227.0)
Total Free Cash Flow After Investments and Dividends	$	0.1	$	510.9

Capital expenditures – leasing	$	691.1	$	363.9
Less:
Payments to retire debt	(1,351.5)		(2,256.8)
Proceeds from issuance of debt	1,664.5		2,393.7
Net proceeds from (repayments of) debt	313.0		136.9
Equity CapEx for leased railcars	$	378.1	$	227.0

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

Except as described below, as of September 30, 2022, there have been no material changes to our contractual obligations from December 31, 2021:

•In April 2022, TRL-2022 issued $244.8 million of its Series 2022-1 Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes. These notes have a stated final maturity date of 2052.

•In May 2022, Tribute Rail issued $327.0 million of its Series 2022-1 Green Secured Railcar Equipment Notes. These notes have a stated final maturity date of 2052. Net proceeds received from the issuance of these notes were used to redeem TRIP Railcar Co.'s existing term loan agreement, of which $323.7 million was outstanding at December 31, 2021.

See Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding these debt transactions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for information about recent accounting pronouncements.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

There has been no material change in our market risks since December 31, 2021 as set forth in Item 7A of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Refer to Note 3 and Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the impact of hedging activity and debt-related activity, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that we are able to collect and record the information we are required to disclose in the reports we file with the SEC, and to process, summarize, and disclose this information within the time periods specified in the rules of the SEC. Our Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers are responsible for establishing and maintaining these procedures and, as required by the rules of the SEC, evaluating their effectiveness. Based on their evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures that took place as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers concluded that these procedures are effective to 1) ensure that we are able to collect, process, and disclose the information we are required to disclose in the reports we file with the SEC within the required time periods and 2) accumulate and communicate this information to our management, including our Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officers, to allow timely decisions regarding this disclosure.

Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

During the period covered by this report, there have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The information provided in Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements is hereby incorporated into this Part II, Item 1 by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

This table provides information with respect to purchases by the Company of shares of its common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2022:


Period	Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share (1)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2)	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2) (in millions)
July 1, 2022 through July 31, 2022	26,886	$	25.60	25,000	$	47.2
August 1, 2022 through August 31, 2022	76,109	$	25.73	75,000	$	45.3
September 1, 2022 through September 30, 2022	510,864	$	22.62	510,000	$	33.7
Total	613,859			610,000

(1) These columns include the following transactions during the three months ended September 30, 2022: (i) the surrender to the Company of 3,666 shares of common stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock issued to employees, (ii) the purchase of 193 shares of common stock by the Trustee for assets held in a non-qualified employee profit sharing plan trust, and (iii) the purchase of 610,000 shares of common stock on the open market as part of our share repurchase program.

(2) In September 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a new share repurchase program effective September 9, 2021 through December 31, 2022. The new share repurchase program authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $250.0 million of its common stock. In December 2021, we entered into an ASR to repurchase $125.0 million of our common stock. Approximately 3,311,258 shares repurchased as part of the ASR were delivered to us in January 2022, representing approximately 80% of the total notional value of the ASR. The ASR was completed in April 2022. Shares repurchased during the three months ended September 30, 2022 totaled 610,000 shares, at a cost of approximately $14.1 million. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had a remaining authorization to repurchase up to $33.7 million of its common stock under the share repurchase program. Certain shares of stock repurchased during September 2022, totaling $2.6 million, were cash settled in October 2022 in accordance with normal settlement practices.The approximate dollar value of shares that were eligible to be repurchased under our share repurchase program is shown as of the end of such month or quarter.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits


NO.						DESCRIPTION
3.1						Amended and Restated Bylaws of Trinity Industries, Inc., effective September 7, 2022 (filed herewith).
10.1						Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2022, by and among the Trinity Industries, Inc., as borrower, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, Bank of America, N.A. and Truist Bank, as co-syndication agents, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Regions Bank, and PNC Bank, National Association, as co-documentation agents (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022).
10.2						First Amendment to the Fifth Amended and Restated Warehouse Loan Agreement dated as of August 29, 2022, among Trinity Industries Leasing Company, Trinity Rail Leasing Warehouse Trust, Credit Suisse AG, New York Branch, as Agent, and Wilmington Trust Company, as Collateral Agent and Depositary (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed on September 1, 2022).
22.1						Subsidiary guarantors and issuers of guaranteed securities
31.1						Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) Certification of the Chief Executive Officer (filed herewith).
31.2						Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) Certification of the Chief Financial Officer (filed herewith).
32.1						Certification pursuant to 18U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.2						Certification pursuant to 18U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
101.INS						Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (filed electronically herewith).
101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (filed electronically herewith).
101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (filed electronically herewith).
101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (filed electronically herewith).
101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (filed electronically herewith).
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

_____________________________

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


TRINITY INDUSTRIES, INC.	By:	/s/ Eric R. Marchetto
Registrant
		Eric R. Marchetto
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
		October 25, 2022