TRIUMPH GROUP INC - Annual Report: 2009 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

Commission File No. 1-12235

Triumph Group, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

          Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý    No o

          Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes o    No ý

          Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o

          Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o    No o

          Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

          Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

          Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Yes o    No ý

          As of September 30, 2008, the aggregate market value of the shares of Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $740 million. Such aggregate market value was computed by reference to the closing price of the Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on September 30, 2008. For purposes of making this calculation only, the Registrant has defined affiliates as including all directors and executive officers.

          The number of outstanding shares of the Registrant's Common Stock, par value $.001 per share, on April 30, 2009 was 16,667,914.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

          Portions of the following document are incorporated herein by reference:

          The Proxy Statement of Triumph Group, Inc. to be filed in connection with our 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders is incorporated in part in Part III hereof, as specified herein.

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PART I

Item 1.    Business

        This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 relating to our future operations and prospects, including statements that are based on current projections and expectations about the markets in which we operate, and management's beliefs concerning future performance and capital requirements based upon current available information. Actual results could differ materially from management's current expectations. Additional capital may be required and, if so, may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all, at the times and in the amounts we need. In addition to these factors and others described elsewhere in this report, other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially include competitive and cyclical factors relating to the aerospace industry, dependence of some of our businesses on key customers, requirements of capital, product liabilities in excess of insurance, uncertainties relating to the integration of acquired businesses, general economic conditions affecting our business segment, technological developments, limited availability of raw materials or skilled personnel, changes in governmental regulation and oversight and international hostilities and terrorism. For a more detailed discussion of these and other factors affecting us, see the Risk Factors described in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We do not undertake any obligation to revise these forward-looking statements to reflect future events.

General

        Triumph Group, Inc. ("Triumph" or the "Company") was incorporated in 1993 in Delaware. Our companies design, engineer, manufacture, repair, overhaul and distribute aircraft components, such as hydraulic, mechanical and electromechanical control systems, aircraft and engine accessories, structural components and assemblies, non-structural composite components, auxiliary power units, or APUs, avionics and aircraft instruments. We serve a broad spectrum of the aerospace industry, including original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, of commercial, regional, business and military aircraft and components, as well as commercial airlines and air cargo carriers.

        In March 2009, we acquired Merritt Tool Company, Inc. (now Triumph Structures—East Texas), Saygrove Defence & Aerospace Group Limited (now Triumph Actuation & Motion Control Systems—UK), the aviation segment of Kongsberg Automotive Holdings ASA (now Triumph Controls—UK and Triumph Controls—Germany) and The Mexmil Company, LLC (now Triumph Insulation Systems), collectively the "fiscal 2009 acquisitions". Through the addition of Triumph Actuation & Motion Control Systems—UK, we have added advanced control products for flight actuation and motor control applications in all-electric aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ("UAVs"). Through the addition of Triumph Insulation Systems, we have enhanced our ability to provide a more comprehensive interiors solution to our current and future customers. In addition, through the additions of Triumph Structures—East Texas, Triumph Controls—UK and Triumph Controls—Germany, we have expanded our capacity and increased our market share in structural components and cable control systems. Also in March 2009, we announced that we will establish a new manufacturing facility in Zacatecas, Mexico to complement our existing manufacturing sites. Our investment is initially expected to amount to as much as $20 million over the next 24 months and will involve a significant number of our operating companies and a wide range of capabilities and technologies.

Products and Services

        We offer a variety of products and services to the aerospace industry through two groups of operating businesses: (i) Triumph Aerospace Systems Group, whose companies design, engineer and manufacture a wide range of proprietary and build-to-print components, assemblies and systems for the global aerospace OEM market; and (ii) Triumph Aftermarket Services Group, whose companies serve

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aircraft fleets, notably commercial airlines, the U.S. military and cargo carriers, through the maintenance, repair and overhaul of aircraft components and accessories manufactured by third parties.

        Our Aerospace Systems Group consists of companies that service the full spectrum of aerospace customers, which include aerospace OEMs and the top-tier manufacturers who supply them and airlines, air cargo carriers, and domestic and foreign militaries. This group utilizes its capabilities to design, engineer and build complete mechanical, electromechanical and hydraulic systems, while continuing to broaden the scope of detailed parts and assemblies that we supply to the aerospace market. Customers typically return such systems to us for repairs and overhauls and spare parts. This group also includes companies performing complex manufacturing, machining and forming processes for a full range of structural components, as well as complete assemblies and subassemblies.

        The products that companies within this group design, engineer, build and repair include:

•

Main engine gear box assemblies



•

High lift actuation



•

Hydraulic systems



•

Landing gear actuation systems



•

Primary and secondary flight control systems



•

Thermal management systems



•

Wing spars and stringers



•

Stretch-formed leading edges and fuselage skins



•

Formed structural sheet metal components



•

Monolithic floors, bulkheads and frames



•

Floor beams



•

Landing gear components and assemblies



•

Complex composite structures



•

Composite floor panels, environmental control system ducting and non-structural composite flight deck, thermal-acoustic insulation and other interior components



•

Bonded components

        Our Aftermarket Services Group serves a diverse group of customers which includes airlines, air cargo carriers, domestic and foreign militaries and third-party repair and overhaul providers. This group operates one of the world's largest independent APU repair and overhaul business and endeavors to be the vendor of choice for airborne structures, airframe and main engine accessories and component repair and overhaul to our customers as they continue to consolidate vendors. We will also continue to develop Federal Aviation Administration, or FAA, approved Designated Engineering Representative, or DER, and Special Federal Aviation Regulation 36, or SFAR 36, proprietary repair procedures for the components we repair and overhaul. Companies in our aftermarket services group repair and overhaul various components for the aviation industry including:

•

APUs



•

Nacelles, thrust reversers and flight control surfaces



•

Engine accessories, including main engine fuel pumps



•

Constant speed drives, integrated drive generators and air-cycle machines

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•

Cockpit instrumentation



•

Interior sidewalls, ceiling panels and overhead bins



•

Ground support equipment

        Certain financial information about our two segments can be found in Note 22 of "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements."

Proprietary Rights

        We benefit from our proprietary rights relating to designs, engineering and manufacturing processes and repair and overhaul procedures. For some products, our unique manufacturing capabilities are required by the customer's specifications or designs, thereby necessitating reliance on us for the production of such specially designed products. We also hold two SFAR 36 certifications that permit us to develop proprietary repair procedures to be used in some repair and overhaul processes.

        We view our name and mark as significant to our business as a whole. Our products are protected by a portfolio of patents, trademarks, licenses or other forms of intellectual property that expire at various dates in the future. We develop and acquire new intellectual property on an ongoing basis and consider all of our intellectual property to be valuable. However, based on the broad scope of our product lines, management believes that the loss or expiration of any single intellectual property right would not have a material effect on our results of operations, our financial position or our business segments. Our policy is to file applications and obtain patents for our new products as appropriate, including product modifications and improvements. While patents generally expire 20 years after the patent application filing date, new patents are issued to us on a regular basis.

        In our overhaul and repair businesses, OEMs of equipment that we maintain for our customers increasingly include language in repair manuals that relate to their equipment asserting broad claims of proprietary rights to the contents of the manuals used in our operations. There can be no assurance that OEMs will not try to enforce such claims including the possible use of legal proceedings. In the event of such legal proceedings, there can be no assurance that such actions against the Company will be unsuccessful. However, we believe that our use of manufacture and repair manuals is lawful.

Raw Materials and Replacement Parts

        We purchase raw materials, primarily consisting of extrusions, forgings, castings, aluminum and titanium sheets and shapes, from various vendors. We also purchase replacement parts which are utilized in our various repair and overhaul operations. We believe that the availability of raw materials to us is adequate to support our operations.

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Operating Locations

        We conduct our business through operating companies and divisions. The following chart describes the operations, customer base and certain other information with respect to our principal operating locations at April 30, 2009:

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(1)

Designates FAA-certified repair station.

(2)

Designates SFAR 36 certification.

(3)

Through an affiliate, Triumph Insulation Systems, LLC manages a 50% interest in a joint venture operating in Beijing China, with Beijing Kailan Aviation Technology Co., Ltd., an unrelated party based in China. Our interest in the joint venture is accounted for in our consolidated financial statements on the equity method.

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Sales, Marketing and Engineering

        While each of our operating companies maintains responsibility for selling and marketing its specific products, we have developed two group marketing teams focused on cross-selling our broad capabilities. The focus of these two marketing organizations, one for the Aerospace Systems Group and one for the Aftermarket Services Group, is to sell systems, integrated assemblies and repair and overhaul services, reaching across our operating companies, to our OEM, military, airline and air cargo customers. We also conduct sales activities in the Wichita, Kansas area through Triumph Wichita Support Center, a third party sales organization dedicated solely to a sales effort on behalf of Triumph Group companies, which is staffed by sales professionals focused on Boeing IDS, Spirit AeroSystems, Cessna, Bombardier/Learjet and Raytheon. In certain limited cases, we use independent, commission-based representatives to facilitate responsiveness to each customer's changing needs and current trends in each market/geographic region in which we operate.

        All three of these marketing organizations operate as the front-end of the selling process, establishing or maintaining relationships, identifying opportunities to leverage our brand, and providing service for our customers. Each individual operating company is responsible for its own engineering and technical support, pricing, manufacturing and product support. Also, within the Aerospace Systems Group, we have created a group engineering function to provide integrated solutions to meet our customer needs by designing systems that integrate the capabilities of our companies.

        A significant portion of our government and defense contracts are awarded on a competitive bidding basis. We generally do not bid or act as the primary contractor, but will typically bid and act as a subcontractor on contracts on a fixed fee basis. We generally sell to our other customers on a fixed fee, negotiated contract or purchase order basis.

Backlog

        We have a number of long-term agreements with several of our customers. These agreements generally describe the terms under which the customer may issue purchase orders to buy our products and services during the term of the agreement. These terms typically include a list of the products or repair services customers may purchase, initial pricing, anticipated quantities and, to the extent known, delivery dates. In tracking and reporting our backlog, however, we only include amounts for which we have actual purchase orders with firm delivery dates or contract requirements generally within the next 24 months, which primarily relates to sales to our OEM customer base. Purchase orders issued by our aftermarket customers are usually completed within a short period of time. As a result, our backlog data relates primarily to the OEM customers. The backlog information set forth below does not include the sales that we expect to generate from long-term agreements for which we do not have actual purchase orders with firm delivery dates.

        As of March 31, 2009, our continuing operations had outstanding purchase orders representing an aggregate invoice price of approximately $1,323 million, of which $1,282 million and $42 million relate to the Aerospace Systems Group and the Aftermarket Services Group, respectively. As of March 31, 2008, our continuing operations had outstanding purchase orders representing an aggregated invoice price of approximately $1,278 million, of which $1,246 million and $32 million relate to the Aerospace Systems Group and the Aftermarket Services Group, respectively. Of the existing backlog of $1,323 million, approximately $452 million will not be shipped by March 31, 2010.

Dependence on Significant Customer

        For the year ended March 31, 2009, the Boeing Company, or Boeing, represented approximately 23% of the net sales. A significant reduction in sales to Boeing could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

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United States and International Operations

        Our revenues from our continuing operations to customers in the United States for fiscal years 2009, 2008 and 2007 were approximately $974 million, $914 million, and $735 million, respectively. Our revenues from our continuing operations to customers in all other countries for fiscal years 2009, 2008 and 2007 were approximately $267 million, $237 million, and $202 million, respectively.

        As of March 31, 2009 and 2008, our long-lived assets for our continuing operations located in the United States were approximately $851 million and $775 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2009 and 2008, our long-lived assets for our continuing operations located in all other countries were approximately $63 million and $25 million, respectively.

Competition

        We compete primarily with the top-tier systems integrators and manufacturers that supply them, some of which are divisions or subsidiaries of other large companies, in the manufacture of aircraft systems components and subassemblies. OEMs are increasingly focusing on assembly activities while outsourcing more manufacturing and repair to third parties, and therefore are less of a competitive force than in previous years.

        Competition for the repair and overhaul of aviation components comes from three primary sources, some with greater financial and other resources than we have: OEMs, major commercial airlines and other independent repair and overhaul companies. Some major commercial airlines continue to own and operate their own service centers, while others have begun to sell or outsource their repair and overhaul services to other aircraft operators or third parties. Large domestic and foreign airlines that provide repair and overhaul services typically provide these services not only for their own aircraft but for other airlines as well. OEMs also maintain service centers which provide repair and overhaul services for the components they manufacture. Other independent service organizations also compete for the repair and overhaul business of other users of aircraft components.

        Participants in the aerospace industry compete primarily on the basis of breadth of technical capabilities, quality, turnaround time, capacity and price.

Government Regulation and Industry Oversight

        The aerospace industry is highly regulated in the United States by the FAA and in other countries by similar agencies. We must be certified by the FAA and, in some cases, by individual OEMs, in order to engineer and service parts and components used in specific aircraft models. If material authorizations or approvals were revoked or suspended, our operations would be adversely affected. New and more stringent government regulations may be adopted, or industry oversight heightened, in the future and these new regulations, if enacted, or any industry oversight, if heightened, may have an adverse impact on us.

        We must also satisfy the requirements of our customers, including OEMs, that are subject to FAA regulations, and provide these customers with products and repair services that comply with the government regulations applicable to aircraft components used in commercial flight operations. The FAA regulates commercial flight operations and requires that aircraft components meet its stringent standards. In addition, the FAA requires that various maintenance routines be performed on aircraft components, and we currently satisfy these maintenance standards in our repair and overhaul services. Several of our operating locations are FAA-approved repair stations.

        Generally, the FAA only grants licenses for the manufacture or repair of a specific aircraft component, rather than the broader licenses that have been granted in the past. The FAA licensing process may be costly and time-consuming. In order to obtain an FAA license, an applicant must satisfy all applicable regulations of the FAA governing repair stations. These regulations require that an

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applicant have experienced personnel, inspection systems, suitable facilities and equipment. In addition, the applicant must demonstrate a need for the license. Because an applicant must procure manufacturing and repair manuals from third parties relating to each particular aircraft component in order to obtain a license with respect to that component, the application process may involve substantial cost.

        The license approval processes for the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA was formed in 2002 and is handling most of the responsibilities of the national aviation authorities in Europe, such as the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority), which regulates this industry in the European Union, the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and other comparable foreign regulatory authorities are similarly stringent, involving potentially lengthy audits.

        Our operations are also subject to a variety of worker and community safety laws. For example, the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, or OSHA, mandates general requirements for safe workplaces for all employees. In addition, OSHA provides special procedures and measures for the handling of hazardous and toxic substances. Specific safety standards have been promulgated for workplaces engaged in the treatment, disposal or storage of hazardous waste. We believe that our operations are in material compliance with OSHA's health and safety requirements.

Environmental Matters

        Our business, operations and facilities are subject to numerous stringent federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulation by government agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency, or the EPA. Among other matters, these regulatory authorities impose requirements that regulate the emission, discharge, generation, management, transportation and disposal of hazardous materials, pollutants and contaminants, govern public and private response actions to hazardous or regulated substances which may be or have been released to the environment, and require us to obtain and maintain licenses and permits in connection with our operations. This extensive regulatory framework imposes significant compliance burdens and risks on us. Although management believes that our operations and our facilities are in material compliance with such laws and regulations, future changes in these laws, regulations or interpretations thereof or the nature of our operations or regulatory enforcement actions which may arise, may require us to make significant additional capital expenditures to ensure compliance in the future.

        Certain of our facilities, including facilities acquired and operated by us or one of our subsidiaries have at one time or another been under active investigation for environmental contamination by federal or state agencies when acquired, and at least in some cases, continue to be under investigation or subject to remediation for potential environmental contamination. We are frequently indemnified by prior owners or operators and/or present owners of the facilities for liabilities which we incur as a result of these investigations and the environmental contamination found which pre-dates our acquisition of these facilities, subject to certain limitations. We also maintain a pollution liability policy that provides coverage for material liabilities associated with the clean-up of on-site pollution conditions, as well as defense and indemnity for certain third party suits (including Superfund liabilities at third party sites), in each case, to the extent not otherwise indemnified. This policy applies to all of our manufacturing and assembly operations worldwide. However, if we were required to pay the expenses related to environmental liabilities for which neither indemnification nor insurance coverage is available, these expenses could have a material adverse effect on us.

Employees

        As of March 31, 2009, for our continuing operations we employed 6,131 persons, of whom 649 were management employees, 85 were sales and marketing personnel, 728 were technical personnel, 631 were administrative personnel and 4,038 were production workers. As of March 31, 2009, for our

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discontinued operations, we employed 62 persons, of whom 7 were management employees, 14 were technical personnel, 10 were administrative personnel and 31 were production workers.

        Several of our subsidiaries are parties to collective bargaining agreements with labor unions. Under those agreements, we currently employ approximately 683 full-time employees. Currently, approximately 11.1% of our permanent employees are represented by labor unions and approximately 20.0% of net sales are derived from the facilities at which at least some employees are unionized. Our inability to negotiate an acceptable contract with any of these labor unions could result in strikes by the affected workers and increased operating costs as a result of higher wages or benefits paid to union members. If the unionized workers were to engage in a strike or other work stoppage, or other employees were to become unionized, we could experience a significant disruption of our operations and higher ongoing labor costs, which could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

        We have not experienced any material labor-related work stoppage and consider our relations with our employees to be good.

Research and Development Expenses

        Certain information about our research and development expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 is available in Note 2 of "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements."

Executive Officers

        Richard C. Ill has been our President and Chief Executive Officer and a director since 1993. Mr. Ill is a director of P.H. Glatfelter Company, Airgas Inc. and Baker Industries and a member of the advisory board of Outward Bound, USA.

        M. David Kornblatt has been Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since June 2007. From 2006 until joining us, Mr. Kornblatt served as Senior Vice President—Finance and Chief Financial Officer at Carpenter Technology Corporation, a manufacturer and distributor of specialty alloys and various engineered products. From 2003 to 2005, he was Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at York International, prior to its acquisition by Johnson Controls in December 2005. Before that, Mr. Kornblatt was the Director of Taxes-Europe for The Gillette Company in London, England for three years. Mr. Kornblatt is a director of Universal Stainless & Alloy Products, Inc.

        John B. Wright, II has been a Vice President and our General Counsel and Secretary since 2004. From 2001 until he joined us, Mr. Wright was a partner with the law firm of Ballard Spahr Andrews & Ingersoll, LLP, where he practiced corporate and securities law.

        Kevin E. Kindig has been our Controller since 1993 and a Vice President since April 1999.

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Available Information

        For more information about us, visit our website at www.triumphgroup.com. The contents of the website are not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our electronic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC (including all Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, and any amendments to these reports) are available free of charge through our website immediately after we electronically file with or furnish them to the SEC. These filings may also be read and copied at the SEC's Public Reference Room which is located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information about the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers who file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

        Factors that have an adverse impact on the aerospace industry may adversely affect our results of operations and liquidity.    A substantial percentage of our gross profit and operating income was derived from commercial aviation for fiscal year 2009. Our operations are focused on designing, engineering and manufacturing aircraft components for new aircraft, selling spare parts and performing repair and overhaul services on existing aircraft and aircraft components. Therefore, our business is directly affected by economic factors and other trends that affect our customers in the aerospace industry, including a possible decrease in outsourcing by OEMs and aircraft operators or projected market growth that may not materialize or be sustainable. We are also significantly dependent on sales to the commercial aerospace market, which has been cyclical in nature with significant downturns in the past. When these economic and other factors adversely affect the aerospace industry, they tend to reduce the overall customer demand for our products and services, which decreases our operating income. Economic and other factors that might affect the aerospace industry may have an adverse impact on our results of operations and liquidity. The financial condition of our airline customers is a concern and thereby introduces credit risk with some of our significant airline customers, as well as introducing negative implications for their ability to fund the acquisition of new aircraft for their fleet. In addition, last year's dramatic rise in energy costs significantly increased the price of fuel to the airlines resulting in additional pressure on operating costs. These or other events may lead to further declines in the worldwide aerospace industry that could further adversely affect our business and financial condition.

        Cancellations, reductions or delays in customer orders may adversely affect our results of operations.    Our overall operating results are affected by many factors, including the timing of orders from large customers and the timing of expenditures to manufacture parts and purchase inventory in anticipation of future sales of products and services. A large portion of our operating expenses are relatively fixed. Because several of our operating locations typically do not obtain long-term purchase orders or commitments from our customers, they must anticipate the future volume of orders based upon the historic purchasing patterns of customers and upon our discussions with customers as to their anticipated future requirements. These historic patterns may be disrupted by many factors, including changing economic conditions, inventory adjustments, or work stoppages or labor disruptions at our customers. Cancellations, reductions or delays in orders by a customer or group of customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

        Our acquisition strategy exposes us to risks, including the risk that we may not be able to successfully integrate acquired businesses.    We have a consistent strategy to grow, in part, by the acquisition of additional businesses in the aerospace industry and are continuously evaluating various acquisition opportunities, including those outside the United States and those that are larger than the acquisitions we have made previously. However, we do not have any definitive agreements at this time to acquire additional businesses. Our ability to grow by acquisition is dependent upon, among other factors, the availability of suitable acquisition candidates. Growth by acquisition involves risks that could adversely affect our operating results, including difficulties in integrating the operations and personnel of

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acquired companies, the potential amortization of acquired intangible assets, the potential impairment of goodwill and the potential loss of key employees of acquired companies. We may not be able to consummate acquisitions on satisfactory terms or, if any acquisitions are consummated, satisfactorily integrate these acquired businesses.

        A significant decline in business with a key customer could have a material adverse effect on us.    For the year ended March 31, 2009, The Boeing Company, or Boeing Commercial, Military & Space, represented approximately 23% of net sales. Accordingly, a significant reduction in purchases by this customer could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In addition, some of our operating locations have significant customers, the loss of whom could have an adverse effect on those businesses.

        Demand for our military and defense products is dependent upon government spending.    Approximately 36% of our sales for fiscal year 2009 were derived from the military and defense market, which includes primarily indirect sales to the U.S. Government. The military and defense market is largely dependent upon government budgets, particularly the U.S. defense budget, and even an increase in defense spending may not be allocated to programs that would benefit our business. Moreover, the new military aircraft programs in which we participate may not enter full-scale production as expected. A change in the levels of defense spending or levels of military flight operations could curtail or enhance our prospects in this market depending upon the programs affected.

        Our expansion into international markets may increase credit, currency and other risks.    As we pursue customers in Asia, South America and other less developed aerospace markets throughout the world, our inability to ensure the creditworthiness of our customers in these areas could adversely impact our overall profitability. In addition, with the acquisition of operations in the U.K., Germany, and Mexico, along with our existing Thailand facility and as we pursue customers in other parts of the world, we will be subject to the legal, political, social and regulatory requirements and economic conditions of other jurisdictions. In the future, we may also make additional international capital investments, including further acquisitions of companies outside the United States or companies having operations outside the United States. Risks inherent to international operations include, but are not limited to, the following:

•

difficulty in enforcing agreements in some legal systems outside the United States;



•

countries may impose additional withholding taxes or otherwise tax our foreign income, impose tariffs or adopt other restrictions on foreign trade and investment, including currency exchange controls;



•

fluctuations in exchange rates may affect demand for our products and services and may adversely affect our profitability in U.S. dollars;



•

inability to obtain, maintain or enforce intellectual property rights;



•

changes in general economic and political conditions in the countries in which we operate;



•

unexpected adverse changes in the laws or regulatory requirements outside the U.S., including those with respect to environmental protection, export duties and quotas;



•

difficulty with staffing and managing widespread operations; and



•

difficulty of and costs relating to compliance with the different commercial and legal requirements of the countries in which we operate.

        We may need additional financing for acquisitions and capital expenditures and additional financing may not be available on terms acceptable to us.    A key element of our strategy has been, and continues to be, internal growth supplemented by growth through the acquisition of additional companies and

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product lines engaged in the aerospace industry. In order to grow internally, we may need to make significant capital expenditures, such as investing in facilities in low cost countries, and may need additional capital to do so. Our ability to grow is dependent upon, and may be limited by, among other things, availability under our credit facility and by particular restrictions contained in our credit facility and our other financing arrangements. In that case, additional funding sources may be needed, and we may not be able to obtain the additional capital necessary to pursue our internal growth and acquisition strategy or, if we can obtain additional financing, the additional financing may not be on financial terms that are satisfactory to us, particularly in light of the current instability in the credit markets.

        Competitive pressures may adversely affect us.    We have numerous competitors in the aerospace industry. We compete primarily with the top-tier systems integrators and the manufacturers that supply them, some of which are divisions or subsidiaries of OEMs and other large companies that manufacture aircraft components and subassemblies. Competition for the repair and overhaul of aviation components comes from three primary sources: OEMs, major commercial airlines and other independent repair and overhaul companies. Some of our competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources than we have. Competitive pressures may materially adversely affect our operating revenues and margins, and, in turn, our business and financial condition.

        We may need to expend significant capital to keep pace with technological developments in our industry.    The aerospace industry is constantly undergoing development and change and it is likely that new products, equipment and methods of repair and overhaul service will be introduced in the future. In order to keep pace with any new developments, we may need to expend significant capital to purchase new equipment and machines or to train our employees in the new methods of production and service.

        We may incur significant expenses to comply with new or more stringent governmental regulation.    The aerospace industry is highly regulated in the United States by the FAA and in other countries by similar agencies. We must be certified by the FAA and, in some cases, by individual OEMs in order to engineer and service parts and components used in specific aircraft models. If any of our material authorizations or approvals were revoked or suspended, our operations would be adversely affected. New or more stringent governmental regulations may be adopted, or industry oversight heightened in the future, and we may incur significant expenses to comply with any new regulations or any heightened industry oversight.

        Some contractual arrangements with our customers may cause us to bear significant up-front costs that we may not be able to recover.    Many new aircraft programs require that major suppliers bear the cost of design, development and engineering work associated with the development of the aircraft usually in exchange for a long-term agreement to supply critical parts once the aircraft is in production. Boeing's 787 and Airbus' A350 are examples of two new aircraft programs in which we are competing in a product development process in order to obtain eventual long term production agreements. If the aircraft fails to reach the full production stage or we fail to win the long-term contract, the outlays we have made in research and development and other start-up costs may not produce the anticipated return on investment.

        We may not realize our anticipated return on capital commitments made to expand our capabilities.    We continually make significant capital expenditures to implement new processes and to increase both efficiency and capacity. Some of these projects require additional training for our employees and not all projects may be implemented as anticipated. If any of these projects do not achieve the anticipated increase in efficiency or capacity, our returns on these capital expenditures may not be as expected.

        Any product liability claims in excess of insurance may adversely affect our financial condition.    Our operations expose us to potential liability for personal injury or death as a result of the failure of an aircraft component that has been serviced by us or the failure of an aircraft component designed or

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manufactured by us. While we believe that our liability insurance is adequate to protect us from these liabilities, our insurance may not cover all liabilities. Additionally, insurance coverage may not be available in the future at a cost acceptable to us. Any material liability not covered by insurance or for which third party indemnification is not available could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

        The lack of available skilled personnel may have an adverse effect on our operations.    From time to time, some of our operating locations have experienced difficulties in attracting and retaining skilled personnel to design, engineer, manufacture, repair and overhaul sophisticated aircraft components. Our ability to operate successfully could be jeopardized if we are unable to attract and retain a sufficient number of skilled personnel to conduct our business.

        Any exposure to environmental liabilities may adversely affect us.    Our business, operations and facilities are subject to numerous stringent federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations. Although management believes that our operations and facilities are in material compliance with such laws and regulations, future changes in such laws, regulations or interpretations thereof or the nature of our operations or regulatory enforcement actions which may arise, may require us to make significant additional capital expenditures to ensure compliance in the future. Certain of our facilities, including facilities acquired and operated by us or one of our subsidiaries have at one time or another been under active investigation for environmental contamination by federal or state agencies when acquired and, at least in some cases, continue to be under investigation or subject to remediation for potential environmental contamination. Individual facilities of ours have also been subject to investigation on occasion for possible past waste disposal practices which might have contributed to contamination at or from remote waste disposal sites. We are frequently indemnified by prior owners or operators and/or present owners of the facilities for liabilities which we incur as a result of these investigations and the environmental contamination found which pre-dates our acquisition of these facilities, subject to certain limitations, including but not limited to limitations on the survival period of the indemnity. We also maintain a pollution liability policy that provides coverage for material liabilities associated with the clean-up of on-site pollution conditions, as well as defense and indemnity for certain third party suits (including Superfund liabilities at third party sites), in each case, to the extent not otherwise indemnified. This policy applies to all of our manufacturing and assembly operations worldwide. However, if we were required to pay the expenses related to environmental liabilities for which neither indemnification nor insurance coverage is available, these expenses could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

        We are currently involved in intellectual property litigation, which could have a material and adverse impact on our profitability, and we could become so involved again in the future.    We and other companies in our industry possess certain proprietary rights relating to designs, engineering, manufacturing processes and repair and overhaul procedures. In the event that we believe that a third party is infringing upon our proprietary rights, we may bring an action to enforce such rights. In addition, third parties may claim infringement by us with respect to their proprietary rights and may initiate legal proceedings against us in the future. The expense and time of bringing an action to enforce such rights or defending against infringement claims can be significant, as in the case of the litigation arising out of the claims of Eaton Corporation discussed in "Item 3. Legal Proceedings." The expense and time associated with such litigation may have a material and adverse impact on our profitability. In addition, in our overhaul and repair businesses, OEMs of equipment that we maintain for our customers increasingly include language in repair manuals relating to their equipment asserting broad claims of proprietary rights to the contents of the manuals used in our operations. Although we believe that our use of manufacture and repair manuals is lawful, there can be no assurance that OEMs will not try to enforce such claims, including through the possible use of legal proceedings, or that any such actions will be unsuccessful.

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Item 1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments

        None.

Item 2.    Properties

        Our executive offices are located in Wayne, Pennsylvania, where we lease 11,691 square feet of space. In addition, as of May 15, 2009, we owned or leased the following operating facilities.

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        We believe that our properties are adequate to support our operations for the foreseeable future.

Item 3.    Legal Proceedings

        On July 9, 2004, Eaton Corporation and several Eaton subsidiaries filed a complaint against us, our subsidiary, Frisby Aerospace, LLC (now named Triumph Actuation Systems, LLC), certain related subsidiaries and certain employees of ours and our subsidiaries. The complaint was filed in the Circuit Court of the First Judicial District of Hinds County, Mississippi and alleged nineteen causes of action under Mississippi law. In particular, the complaint alleged the misappropriation of trade secrets and intellectual property allegedly belonging to Eaton relating to hydraulic pumps and motors used in military and commercial aviation. Triumph Actuation Systems and the individual defendants filed separate responses to Eaton's claims. Triumph Actuation Systems filed counterclaims against Eaton alleging common law unfair competition, interference with existing and prospective contracts, abuse of process, defamation, violation of North Carolina's Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices Act, and violation of the false advertising provisions of the Lanham Act. We and defendant Jeff Frisby, President of Triumph Actuation Systems at the time the engineer defendants were hired, moved to dismiss the complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction.

        The above allegations also relate to alleged conduct that has been the subject of an investigation by the office of the U.S. Attorney in Jackson, Mississippi. On January 22, 2004, a search warrant was executed on the offices of Triumph Actuation Systems in connection with this investigation. Triumph Actuation Systems cooperated with the investigation. On December 20, 2006, five engineers of Triumph Actuation Systems who are former employees of Eaton Aerospace, LLC, were indicted by a grand jury sitting in the Southern District of Mississippi on five counts of trade secret misappropriation, conspiracy to misappropriate trade secrets, and mail and wire fraud. On June 15, 2007, all counts other than part of one count were dismissed by the court, leaving a charge of conspiracy to misappropriate trade secrets.

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        On October 11, 2007, the government obtained a new indictment against the same five engineer defendants raising new charges arising out of the same investigation, which were essentially reiterated in a second superseding indictment obtained on November 11, 2007. The defendant engineers subsequently filed pretrial motions, including motions to dismiss. On April 25, 2008, the court granted some of those motions and dismissed seven of the twelve counts of the second superseding indictment. The government appealed the dismissal with respect to three of the seven counts dismissed. On January 21, 2009, while the appeal was still pending, the government obtained a new indictment against the five engineers containing three counts stating essentially the same charges as those covered by the government's appeal. On February 9, 2009, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit unanimously affirmed the dismissal of one of the counts covered by the government's appeal and reversed as to the other two counts. The defendant engineers have filed pretrial motions, including motions to dismiss, relating to the counts now pending against them. Trial is scheduled to commence on September 8, 2009. No charges have been brought against Triumph Actuation Systems or us, and we understand that neither Triumph Actuation Systems nor the Company is currently the subject of the criminal investigation.

        In the civil case, following stays of most discovery while the parties litigated a motion to dismiss and a motion to protect the defendant engineers' Fifth Amendment rights, discovery recommenced in late August 2007. However, on January 4, 2008, the judge in the civil case, Judge Bobby DeLaughter, recused himself on his own motion. The case has been reassigned to a new judge, Chief Judge W. Swan Yerger.

        On January 24, 2008, Triumph Actuation Systems filed a motion to stay all discovery in order to review and reconsider Judge DeLaughter's prior orders based on the ongoing federal investigation of an alleged ex parte and inappropriate relationship between Judge DeLaughter and Ed Peters, a lawyer representing Eaton for whom Judge DeLaughter had worked prior to his appointment to the bench. Judge DeLaughter has since been suspended from the bench and indicted by a federal grand jury sitting in the Northern District of Mississippi. Triumph Actuation Systems filed other motions relating to this alleged inappropriate relationship, including a motion for sanctions. Judge Yerger has ordered that this conduct be examined and has undertaken, along with a newly appointed Special Master, to review Judge DeLaughter's rulings in the case from the time Mr. Peters became involved. The court initially stayed all other proceedings while conducting its review of the conduct of Mr. Peters, ordered that discovery resume on October 30, 2008, and then on March 4, 2009 again stayed discovery on the merits to focus discovery exclusively on the conduct of Mr. Peters in the litigation. Trial is presently scheduled to begin on May 3, 2010.

        It is too early to determine what, if any, exposure to liability Triumph Actuation Systems or the Company might face as a result of the civil suit. We intend to continue to vigorously defend the allegations contained in Eaton's complaint and to vigorously prosecute the counterclaims brought by Triumph Actuation Systems.

        In the ordinary course of our business, we are also involved in disputes, claims, lawsuits, and governmental and regulatory inquiries that we deem to be immaterial. Some may involve claims or potential claims of substantial damages, fines or penalties. While we cannot predict the outcome of any pending or future litigation or proceeding, we do not believe that any pending matter will have a material effect, individually or in the aggregate, on our financial position or results of operations, although no assurances can be given to that effect.

Item 4.    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

        None.

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PART II

Item 5.    Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Range of Market Price

        Our Common Stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "TGI." The following table sets forth the range of high and low prices for our Common Stock for the periods indicated:

        On May 15, 2009, the reported closing price for our Common Stock was $38.74. As of May 15, 2009, there were approximately 61 holders of record of our Common Stock and we believe that our Common Stock was beneficially owned by approximately 13,000 persons.

Dividend Policy

        During fiscal 2009 and 2008, we paid cash dividends of $0.16 per share and $0.16 per share, respectively. However, our declaration and payment of cash dividends in the future and the amount thereof will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects, limitations imposed by credit agreements or indentures governing debt securities and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. No assurance can be given that cash dividends will continue to be declared and paid at historical levels or at all. Certain of our debt arrangements, including our credit facility, restrict our paying dividends and making distributions on our capital stock, except for the payment of stock dividends and redemptions of an employee's shares of capital stock upon termination of employment. On April 27, 2009, the Company announced that its Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.04 per share on its outstanding common stock. The dividend is payable June 15, 2009 to shareholders of record as of May 29, 2009.

Repurchases of Stock

        The following summarizes repurchases made pursuant to the Company's share repurchase plan during three years ended March 31, 2009. In December, 1998, we announced a program to repurchase up to 500,000 shares of our common stock. In February 2008, the Company's Board of Directors authorized an increase in the Company's existing stock repurchase program by up to an additional 500,000 shares of its common stock. From the inception of the program through March 31, 2009, we have repurchased a total of 499,200 shares for a total purchase price of $19.2 million. As a result, as of May 15, 2009, the Company remains able to purchase an additional 500,800 shares. Repurchases may be made from time to time in open market transactions, block purchases, privately negotiated

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transactions or otherwise at prevailing prices. No time limit has been set for completion of the program.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

        The information required regarding equity compensation plan information is included in our Proxy Statement in connection with our 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on July 23, 2009, under the heading "Equity Compensation Plan Information" and is incorporated herein by reference.

        The following graph compares the cumulative 5-year total return provided shareholders on Triumph Group, Inc.'s common stock relative to the cumulative total returns of the Russell 2000 index and the S&P Aerospace & Defense index. An investment of $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) is assumed to have been made in our common stock and in each of the indexes on 3/31/2004 and its relative performance is tracked through 3/31/2009.

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among Triumph Group, Inc., The Russell 2000 Index
And The S&P Aerospace & Defense Index

*

$100 invested on 3/31/04 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ended March 31.

        The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

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Item 6.    Selected Financial Data

        The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included herein.

(1)

Includes the acquisition of Merritt Tool Company, Inc., Saygrove Defence and Aerospace Group Limited., The Mexmil Company, LLC and acquisition of the aviation segment of Kongsberg Automotive Holdings ASA from the date of acquisition. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(2)

Fiscal years 2009, 2008 and 2007 include stock-based compensation pre-tax charges of $3.2 million, $2.8 million and $2.5 million, respectively, related to the adoption of SFAS No. 123R as of April 1, 2006.

(3)

Includes the acquisition of the assets and business of B. & R. Machine & Tool Corp. from the date of acquisition. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(4)

During 2008, the Company sold the assets of Triumph Precision, Inc. and also decided to sell Triumph Precision Castings Co. These businesses have been classified as discontinued operations in 2009 and 2008 and, accordingly, the results for fiscal years prior to 2008 have also been reclassified to conform to the 2008 presentation. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(5)

Includes the acquisition of the assets and businesses of Excel Manufacturing, Inc., Air Excellence International, Inc., Grand Prairie Accessory Services, LLC and the acquisition through merger of Allied Aerospace Industries, Inc., from the date of each respective acquisition. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(6)

Results include $3.1 million of restructuring costs associated with ceasing the operations of the Company's Phoenix Manufacturing Division of the Company's Triumph Engineered Solutions subsidiary and the divestitures of the Company's IGT repair division and the Wisconsin Manufacturing division of the Company's Triumph Engineered Solutions subsidiary.

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Item 7.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

        (The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto contained elsewhere herein.)

OVERVIEW

        We are a major supplier to the aerospace industry and have two operating segments: (i) Triumph Aerospace Systems Group, whose companies design, engineer, manufacture and sell a wide range of proprietary and build-to-print components, assemblies and systems for the global aerospace OEM market; and (ii) Triumph Aftermarket Services Group, whose companies serve aircraft fleets, notably commercial airlines, the U.S. military and cargo carriers, through the maintenance, repair and overhaul of aircraft components and accessories manufactured by third parties.

        Financial highlights for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 include:

•

Net sales for fiscal 2009 increased 7.8% to $1.2 billion.



•

Operating income in fiscal 2009 increased 20.3% to $151.9 million.



•

Net income for fiscal 2009 increased 38.3% to $93.1 million.



•

Backlog increased 3.6% over the prior year to $1.3 billion.

        For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, net sales totaled $1.24 billion, a 7.8% increase from fiscal year 2008 net sales of $1.15 billion. Net income for fiscal year 2009 increased 38.3% to $93.1 million, or $5.61 per diluted common share, versus $67.3 million, or $3.84 per diluted common share, for fiscal year 2008. As discussed in further detail below under "Results of Operations", the increase in net income is attributable to the increased sales, including the contribution from recent acquisitions and reduced expenses, particularly for litigation and incentive compensation.

        Our working capital needs are generally funded through cash flows from operations and borrowings under our credit arrangements. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, we generated approximately $135.0 million of cash flows from operating activities, used approximately $185.6 million in investing activities and generated approximately $52.1 million in financing activities.

        We continue to remain focused on growing our core businesses as well as growing through strategic acquisitions. Our organic growth remained strong in fiscal 2009 through the addition of products and services, the expansion of our operating capacity and marketing our complete portfolio of capabilities, while benefiting from the continued strength in the aerospace markets generally. Our core revenue growth in fiscal 2009 as compared to fiscal 2008, excluding the impact of acquisitions, was 4.5%, which was negatively impacted by the Boeing strike and major program delays (particularly in Boeing's 787 and 747-8 programs), partially offset by a favorable settlement of a retroactive pricing agreement. Our company has an aggressive but selective acquisition approach that adds capabilities and increases our capacity for strong and consistent internal growth. In March 2009, we acquired Merritt Tool Company, Inc. (now Triumph Structures—East Texas), Saygrove Defence & Aerospace Group Limited (now Triumph Actuation & Motion Control Systems—UK), the aviation segment of Kongsberg Automotive Holdings ASA (now Triumph Controls—U.K and Triumph Controls-Germany) and The Mexmil Company, LLC (now Triumph Insulation Systems), collectively the "fiscal 2009 acquisitions." In February 2008, we acquired the assets and business of B. & R. Machine & Tool Corp. ("B & R") through a newly organized, wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, Triumph Structures—Long Island, LLC. The results for the fiscal 2009 acquisitions and Triumph Structures—Long Island, LLC are included in the Company's Aerospace Systems Segment.

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OUTLOOK

        Based upon the assumptions about our market set forth below, and subject to the risks and uncertainties described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we expect net sales for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2010 to be in the range of $1.275 billion to $1.375 billion, and earnings per share from continuing operations for fiscal 2009 of approximately $5.00 per diluted share. The fiscal 2010 outlook assumes, among other factors, a full-year effective tax rate of 33%. The 2010 outlook for earnings per share is based on a fully diluted share count of 17.2 million shares.

Our fiscal 2010 outlook is based on the following market assumptions:

•

We expect the commercial jet aircraft market and the airline industry to remain extremely competitive. Market liberalization in Europe and Asia has continued to enable low-cost airlines to gain market share, and traditional airlines continue to improve their competitive position by lowering their cost structure through merger, bankruptcy and restructuring. Some of the airline restructurings have led to increased outsourcing opportunities, benefiting our Aftermarket Services segment.



•

The financial health of the commercial airline industry has a direct effect on our commercial aircraft programs. While challenges include volatile fuel prices, customers rescheduling orders and continuing turmoil in global credit markets, airlines are responding by focusing on controlling non-fuel related expenses and implementing operational efficiencies. Based upon currently available market forecasts, we expect aircraft seat miles, a key indicator of airline health, to decline 2% to 3% as airlines attempt to match capacity with air travel demand.



•

Deliveries of Boeing and Airbus large commercial aircraft are expected to be higher in calendar 2009 compared to calendar 2008, due to the effect of the Boeing strike in calendar 2008. Boeing and Airbus reported actual deliveries for calendar 2008 of 858 aircraft. Their deliveries for calendar 2009 are expected to increase by approximately 12%, to about 960 aircraft. Our outlook is based on Boeing's and Airbus' current projected production rates.



•

Military sales (OEM and aftermarket) are expected to increase roughly in line with global military budgets, which are expected to grow in the single digit range for calendar 2009 compared to calendar 2008.



•

The major trends that shape the current military/defense environment include a growing U.S. Government defense budget. Although under pressure, the U.S. defense budget remains strong and focused on transformation. With this continued pressure on the budget, we believe the U.S. Department of Defense will continue to focus on affordable strategies in particular, programs currently in production, which would include continued significant investment in rotocraft.



•

Total regional and business aircraft production is expected to decrease in fiscal 2010 compared to fiscal 2009, as deliveries of business jets are expected to significantly decrease, along with the increase in pre-owned business jet inventory. In the regional aircraft market we expect to see declines impacted by the drop in passenger traffic and the rescheduling of deliveries.



•

We expect a weakened air cargo market, which is a key market segment for our Aftermarket Services Group given our product penetration with these carriers.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

        The following includes a discussion of our consolidated and business segment results of operations. The Company's diverse structure and customer base do not provide for precise comparisons of the impact of price and volume changes to our results. However, we have disclosed the significant variances between the respective periods.

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Fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 compared to fiscal year ended March 31, 2008

        Net sales increased by $89.3 million, or 7.8%, to $1.24 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 from $1.15 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The fiscal 2009 acquisitions and the fiscal 2008 acquisition of B. & R. Machine & Tool Corp. (now Triumph Structures—Long Island) together contributed $37.0 million. Excluding the effects of this acquisition, organic sales growth was $52.3 million, or 4.5%, which was negatively impacted by the Boeing strike and major program delays (particularly in the 787 and 747-8 programs), partially offset by a favorable settlement of a retroactive pricing agreement.

        The Aerospace Systems segment benefited primarily from increased sales to our OEM customers driven by increased military aircraft build rates, while the increase in sales for our Aftermarket Services segment was the result of increased demand for our services due to growth in global air traffic.

        Cost of sales increased by $55.4 million, or 6.7%, to $877.7 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 from $822.3 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. This increase includes the acquisitions noted above, which contributed $17.9 million. Excluding the effects of these acquisitions, gross margin was 28.6% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, compared with 28.4% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Despite having consistent consolidated gross margin, the gross margin for our Aerospace Systems segment was favorably impacted by contribution from the acquisition of B. & R. Machine & Tool Company and the favorable settlement of a retroactive pricing agreement, whereas the gross margin for our Aftermarket Services segment was negatively impacted by charges due to contract terminations ($1.3 million) and changes in estimate under power-by-the hour contracts ($1.1 million) as well as losses at our Phoenix APU facility due to cost overruns and excess overhead ($4.8 million) and higher than expected warranty expenses ($0.6 million).

        Segment operating income increased by $30.5 million, or 20.6%, to $178.9 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 from $148.3 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Operating income growth was a direct result of margins attained on increased sales as described above, the contribution of $13.8 million from the above-mentioned acquisitions, and decreases in litigation costs ($3.7 million) and incentive compensation ($1.3 million), partially offset by increases in payroll ($2.4 million) and depreciation and amortization expenses ($1.1 million) associated with our acquisitions.

        Corporate expenses increased by $5.0 million, or 22.8%, to $27.0 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 from $22.0 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, primarily due to increased healthcare ($3.0 million), stock compensation costs ($0.6 million) and the write-off of acquisition costs

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on a potential acquisition that was not consummated ($0.5 million), partially offset by decreases in litigation costs ($1.8 million).

        Interest expense and other decreased by $2.3 million, or 17.3%, to $11.1 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 compared to $13.4 million for the prior year. During fiscal 2009, the Company entered into certain foreign currency derivative instruments that did not meet hedge accounting criteria and primarily were intended to protect against exposure related to fiscal 2009 acquisitions. These instruments resulted in a gain of $1.4 million in fiscal 2009, which is included in interest expense and other. In addition to this gain, the decrease in interest expense was impacted by declining interest rates. Also during fiscal 2009, the Company paid $15.4 million to purchase $18.0 million of principal on the convertible senior subordinated notes, resulting in a gain on early extinguishment of $2.6 million.

        The effective tax rate was 31.8% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 and 32.9% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. The decrease in the tax rate was primarily due to the retroactive reinstatement of the research and experimentation tax credit back to January 1, 2008.

        Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes was $7.3 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009, compared with a loss from discontinued operations before income taxes of $13.0 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, which included an impairment charge of $4.0 million. The income tax benefit for discontinued operations was $2.6 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 compared to a benefit of $4.6 million for the prior year.

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 compared to fiscal year ended March 31, 2007

        Net sales increased by $213.8 million, or 22.8%, to $1.15 billion for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 from $973.3 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The acquisitions of the assets and businesses of Allied Aerospace Industries, Inc. (now Triumph Aerospace Systems—Newport News) and Grand Prairie Accessory Services, LLC (now Triumph Accessory Services—Grand Prairie), which were completed during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, and the acquisition of B. & R. Machine & Tool Corp. (now Triumph Structures—Long Island) together contributed $39.3 million. After considering the effects of these acquisitions, organic sales growth of $174.5 million, or 19.0%, accounted for the remaining increase. Organic sales growth was due to increased sales to our OEM customers of $150.6 million driven by increased aircraft build rates within our Aerospace Systems segment, while the increase in sales for our Aftermarket Services segment of $23.9 million was the result of increased demand for our services, as a result of growth in global air traffic and market share gain.

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        Cost of sales increased by $150.5 million, or 22.4%, to $822.3 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 from $671.8 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. This increase includes the acquisitions noted above, which contributed $28.7 million; offset by an insurance reimbursement ($2.3 million) related to product liability claims. Excluding the effects of these acquisitions and insurance reimbursement, gross margin was 28.4% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, compared with 28.3% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007.

        Segment operating income increased by $35.0 million, or 30.9%, to $148.3 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 from $113.3 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. Operating income growth was a direct result of the margins attained on increased sales volume as described above approximating $52.5 million, and the contribution of $2.3 million from the above mentioned acquisitions, partially offset by incurred increases in litigation costs ($3.7 million) due to developments discussed under "Legal Proceedings" increases in payroll ($5.3 million), incentive compensation ($2.3 million), and healthcare ($1.0 million) to match our operating needs due to increased sales levels; and increases in depreciation and amortization expenses ($7.5 million) due to increased capital additions and intangibles acquired in business combinations.

        Corporate expenses increased by $2.6 million, or 13.5%, to $22.0 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 from $19.4 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, primarily due to increased litigation costs ($1.7 million) due to developments addressed under "Legal Proceedings" and increased workers compensation ($1.0 million) and incentive compensation costs ($1.0 million) to match our operating needs due to increased sales levels; partially offset by an insurance reimbursement of $2.3 million related to product liability claims.

        Interest expense and other increased by $1.7 million, or 14.7%, to $13.4 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 compared to $11.7 million for the prior year period. This increase was due to higher average borrowings outstanding and amortization of debt issuance costs, partially offset by lower interest on our convertible notes issued in September 2006 as compared to the previously outstanding Class A Senior Notes and Class B Senior Notes (collectively, the "Senior Notes").

        During the third quarter of fiscal 2007 we recorded a charge for early extinguishment of debt totaling $5.1 million related to the prepayment of the Senior Notes on October 4, 2006, which included a "make-whole" premium of approximately $4.4 million and the write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the Senior Notes of $0.7 million.

        The effective tax rate was 32.9% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 and 33.9% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The decrease in the tax rate was primarily due to final return to provision adjustments. Additionally, both rates vary from the Federal statutory tax rate of 35% primarily due to benefits realized from the research and development tax credit and the domestic production activities deduction.

        Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes was $13.0 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, which included an impairment charge of $4.0 million, compared with a loss from discontinued operations before income taxes of $6.0 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. The income tax benefit for discontinued operations was $4.6 million for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008 compared to a benefit of $2.1 million for the prior year.

Business Segment Performance

        We are a major supplier to the aerospace industry and have two operating segments: (i) Triumph Aerospace Systems Group and (ii) Triumph Aftermarket Services Group. Our Aerospace Systems segment includes 39 operating locations, and the Aftermarket Services segment includes 16 operating locations at March 31, 2009. The results of operations between our operating segments vary due to differences in competitors, customers, extent of proprietary deliverables and performance. For example,

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our Aerospace Systems segment generally includes proprietary products and/or arrangements where we become the primary source or one of a few primary sources to our customers, where our unique manufacturing capabilities command a higher margin. Also, OEMs are increasingly focusing on assembly activities while outsourcing more manufacturing and repair to third parties, and as a result, are less of a competitive force than in previous years. In contrast, our Aftermarket Services segment provides maintenance, repair and overhaul ("MRO") services on components and accessories manufactured by third parties, with more diverse competition, including airlines, OEMs and other third-party service providers. In addition, variability in the timing and extent of customer requests performed in the Aftermarket Services segment can provide for greater volatility in revenue and earnings than that experienced in the Aerospace Systems segment.

        The Aerospace Systems segment consists of the Company's operations which manufacture products primarily for the aerospace OEM market. The Aerospace Systems segment's operations design and engineer mechanical and electromechanical controls, such as hydraulic systems and components, main engine gearbox assemblies, accumulators and mechanical control cables. The Aerospace Systems segment's revenues are also derived from stretch forming, die forming, milling, bonding, machining, welding and assembly and fabrication of various structural components used in aircraft wings, fuselages and other significant assemblies. Further, the segment's operations also design and manufacture composite assemblies for floor panels, environmental control system ducts and non-structural cockpit components. These products are sold to various aerospace OEMs on a global basis.

        The Aftermarket Services segment consists of the Company's operations that provide maintenance, repair and overhaul services to both commercial and military markets on components and accessories manufactured by third parties. Maintenance, repair and overhaul revenues are derived from services on auxiliary power units, airframe and engine accessories, including constant-speed drives, cabin compressors, starters and generators, and pneumatic drive units. In addition, the Aftermarket Services segment's operations repair and overhaul thrust reversers, nacelle components and flight control surfaces. The Aftermarket Services segment's operations also perform repair and overhaul services and supply spare parts for various types of cockpit instruments and gauges for a broad range of commercial airlines on a worldwide basis.

        We currently generate a majority of our revenue from clients in the commercial aerospace industry, the military, and the regional airline industry. Our growth and financial results are largely dependent on continued demand for our products and services from clients in these industries. If any of these industries experiences a downturn, our clients in these sectors may conduct less business with us. The following table summarizes our net sales by end market by business segment. The loss of one

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or more of our major customers or an economic downturn in the commercial airline or the military and defense markets could have a material adverse effect on our business.