TWIN DISC INC - Annual Report: 2018 (Form 10-K)

PART I

Item 1. Business

Twin Disc, Incorporated (“Twin Disc”, or the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of the state of Wisconsin in 1918. Twin Disc designs, manufactures and sells marine and heavy duty off-highway power transmission equipment. Products offered include: marine transmissions, surface drives, propellers and boat management systems as well as power-shift transmissions, hydraulic torque converters, power take-offs, industrial clutches and controls systems. The Company sells its products to customers primarily in the commercial, pleasure craft, and military marine markets as well as in the energy and natural resources, government and industrial markets. The Company's worldwide sales to both domestic and foreign customers are transacted through a direct sales force and a distributor network. The products described above have accounted for more than 90% of revenues in each of the last three fiscal years.

Most of the Company's products are machined from cast iron, forgings, cast aluminum and bar steel which generally are available from multiple sources and which are believed to be in adequate supply.

The Company has applied for patents in both the United States and certain foreign countries on inventions made in the course of its development work for which commercial applications are considered probable. The Company regards its patents collectively as important but does not consider its business dependent upon any one of such patents.

The business is not considered to be seasonal except to the extent that employee vacations and plant shutdowns, particularly in Europe, occur mainly in the months of July and August, curtailing production during that period.

The Company's products receive direct widespread competition, including from divisions of other larger independent manufacturers. The Company also competes for business with parts manufacturing divisions of some of its major customers. The primary competitive factors for the Company’s products are design, technology, performance, price, service and availability. The Company’s top ten customers accounted for approximately 57% of the Company's consolidated net sales during the year ended June 30, 2018. There was one customer, Palmer Johnson Power Systems, LLC, an authorized distributor of the Company, that accounted for 10% of consolidated net sales in fiscal 2018.

Unfilled open orders for the next six months of $115.0 million at June 30, 2018 compares to $46.4 million at June 30, 2017. Since orders are subject to cancellation and rescheduling by the customer, the six-month order backlog is considered more representative of operating conditions than total backlog. However, as procurement and manufacturing "lead times" change, the backlog will increase or decrease, and thus it does not necessarily provide a valid indicator of the shipping rate. Cancellations are generally the result of rescheduling activity and do not represent a material change in backlog.

Management recognizes that there are attendant risks that foreign governments may place restrictions on dividend payments and other movements of money, but these risks are considered minimal due to the political relations the United States maintains with the countries in which the Company operates or the relatively low investment within individual countries. No material portion of the Company’s business is subject to renegotiation of profits or termination of contracts at the election of the U.S. government.

Engineering and development costs include research and development expenses for new product development and major improvements to existing products, and other costs for ongoing efforts to refine existing products. Research and development costs charged to operations totaled $1.6 million, $1.5 million and $1.8 million in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Total engineering and development costs were $9.9 million, $8.9 million and $9.5 million in fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Compliance with federal, state and local provisions regulating the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment, is not anticipated to have a material effect on capital expenditures, earnings or the competitive position of the Company.

The number of persons employed by the Company at June 30, 2018 was 696.

A summary of financial data by segment, geographic area, and classes of products that accounted for more than 10% of consolidated sales revenues for the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 appears in Note J to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company’s internet website address is www.twindisc.com. The Company makes available free of charge (other than an investor’s own internet access charges) through its website the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after it electronically files such material with, or furnishes such material to, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, the Company makes available, through its website, important corporate governance materials. This information is also available from the Company upon request. The Company is not including the information contained on or available through its website as a part of, or incorporating such information by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The Company’s business involves risk. The following information about these risks should be considered carefully together with other information contained in this report. The risks described below are not the only risks the Company faces. Additional risks not currently known, deemed immaterial or that could apply to any issuer may also result in adverse results for the Company’s business.

As a global company, the Company is subject to currency fluctuations and any significant movement between the U.S. dollar and the euro, in particular, could have an adverse effect on its profitability. Although the Company’s financial results are reported in U.S. dollars, a significant portion of its sales and operating costs are realized in euros and other foreign currencies. The Company’s profitability is affected by movements of the U.S. dollar against the euro and the other currencies in which it generates revenues and incurs expenses. Significant long-term fluctuations in relative currency values, in particular a significant change in the relative values of the U.S. dollar or euro, could have an adverse effect on the Company’s profitability and financial condition. While the long-term impacts of the United Kingdom’s vote to exit the European Union (commonly known as “Brexit”) are currently unknown, any resulting unfavorable currency impact to the euro could have an adverse effect on the Company’s profitability and financial condition.

Certain of the Company’s products are directly or indirectly used in oil exploration and oil drilling, and are thus dependent upon the strength of those markets and oil prices. In recent years, the Company has seen significant variations in the sales of its products that are used in oil and energy related markets. The variability in these markets has been defined by the change in oil prices and the global demand for oil. Significant decreases in oil prices and reduced demand for oil and capital investment in the oil and energy markets adversely affect the sales of these products and the Company’s profitability. The cyclical nature of the global oil and gas market presents the ongoing possibility of a severe cutback in demand, which would create a significant adverse effect on the sales of these products and ultimately on the Company’s profitability.

Many of the Company’s product markets are cyclical in nature or are otherwise sensitive to volatile or variable factors. A downturn or weakness in overall economic activity or fluctuations in those other factors could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s overall financial performance. Historically, sales of many of the products that the Company manufactures and sells have been subject to cyclical variations caused by changes in general economic conditions and other factors. In particular, the Company sells its products to customers primarily in the pleasure craft, commercial and military marine markets, as well as in the energy and natural resources, government and industrial markets. The demand for the products may be impacted by the strength of the economy generally, governmental spending and appropriations, including security and defense outlays, fuel prices, interest rates, as well as many other factors. Adverse economic and other conditions may cause the Company's customers to forego or otherwise postpone purchases in favor of repairing existing equipment.

In the event of an increase in the global demand for steel, the Company could be adversely affected if it experiences shortages of raw castings and forgings used in the manufacturing of its products. With the continued development of certain developing economies, in particular China and India, the global demand for steel has risen significantly in recent years. The Company selects its suppliers based on a number of criteria, and the Company expects that they will be able to support its growing needs. However, there can be no assurance that a significant increase in demand, capacity constraints or other issues experienced by the Company’s suppliers will not result in shortages or delays in their supply of raw materials to the Company. If the Company were to experience a significant or prolonged shortage of critical components from any of its suppliers, particularly those who are sole sources, and could not procure the components from other sources, the Company would be unable to meet its production schedules for some of its key products and would miss product delivery dates which would adversely affect its sales, profitability and relationships with its customers.

The Company continues to face the prospect of increasing commodity costs, including steel, other raw materials and energy that could have an adverse effect on future profitability. In addition, recent developments in tariff regulations in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions have resulted in uncertainty regarding international trade policies and future commodity prices, contributing to an increased risk of higher commodity costs that could have an adverse impact on the Company’s profitability, financial condition and results of operations. The Company’s profitability is dependent, in part, on commodity costs. To date, the Company has been successful with offsetting the effects of increased commodity costs through cost reduction programs and pricing actions. However, if material prices were to continue to increase at a rate that could not be recouped through product pricing, it could potentially have an adverse effect on the Company’s future profitability.

The current United States administration has signaled support for implementing, and in some instances, has already proposed or taken action with respect to, major changes to certain trade policies, such as the imposition of additional tariffs on imported products and the withdrawal from or renegotiation of certain trade agreements, including the North American Free Trade Agreement. On March 8, 2018, the President of the United States signed an order to impose a tariff of 25% on steel imported from certain countries. On July 1, 2018, Canada implemented retaliatory tariffs on certain U.S. imports, including steel. The Company anticipates that the tariff could result in an increase in its cost of sales and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to pass any of the increases in raw material costs directly resulting from the tariff to its customers. In addition, there could be additional tariffs imposed by the United States and these could also result in additional retaliatory actions by the United States’ trade partners. Given that it procures many of the raw materials that it uses to create its products directly or indirectly from outside of the United States, the imposition of tariffs and other potential changes in U.S. trade policy could increase the cost or limit the availability of such raw materials, which could hurt its competitive position and adversely impact its business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the Company sells a significant proportion of its products to customers outside of the United States. Retaliatory actions by other countries could result in increases in the price of its products, which could limit demand for such products, hurt its global competitive position and have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

If the Company were to lose business with any key customers, the Company’s business would be adversely affected. Although there was only one customer, Palmer Johnson Power Systems, LLC, that accounted for 10% or more of consolidated net sales in fiscal 2018, deterioration of a business relationship with one or more of the Company’s significant customers would cause its sales and profitability to be adversely affected.

The termination of relationships with the Company’s suppliers, or the inability of such suppliers to perform, could disrupt its business and have an adverse effect on its ability to manufacture and deliver products. The Company relies on raw materials, component parts, and services supplied by outside third parties. If a supplier of significant raw materials, component parts or services were to terminate its relationship with the Company, or otherwise cease supplying raw materials, component parts, or services consistent with past practice, the Company’s ability to meet its obligations to its customers may be affected. Such a disruption with respect to numerous products, or with respect to a few significant products, could have an adverse effect on the Company’s profitability and financial condition.

A significant design, manufacturing or supplier quality issue could result in recalls or other actions by the Company that could adversely affect profitability. As a manufacturer of highly engineered products, the performance, reliability and productivity of the Company’s products is one of its competitive advantages. While the Company prides itself on putting in place procedures to ensure the quality and performance of its products and suppliers, a significant quality or product issue, whether due to design, performance, manufacturing or supplier quality issue, could lead to warranty actions, scrapping of raw materials, finished goods or returned products, the deterioration in a customer relationship, or other action that could adversely affect warranty and quality costs, future sales and profitability.

The Company faces risks associated with its international sales and operations that could adversely affect its business, results of operations or financial condition. Sales to customers outside the United States approximated 41% of the Company’s consolidated net sales for fiscal 2018. The Company has international manufacturing operations in Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands and Switzerland. In addition, the Company has international distribution operations in Singapore, China, Australia, Japan, Italy, Belgium, India and Canada. The Company’s international sales and operations are subject to a number of risks, including:

currency exchange rate fluctuations

export and import duties, changes to import and export regulations, and restrictions on the transfer of funds

problems with the transportation or delivery of its products

issues arising from cultural or language differences

potential labor unrest

longer payment cycles and greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivables

compliance with trade and other laws in a variety of jurisdictions

changes in tax law

These factors could adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations or financial condition.

A material disruption at the Company’s manufacturing facilities in Racine, Wisconsin could adversely affect its ability to generate sales and meet customer demand. The majority of the Company’s manufacturing, based on fiscal 2018 sales, came from its facilities in Racine, Wisconsin. If operations at these facilities were to be disrupted as a result of significant equipment failures, natural disasters, power outages, fires, explosions, adverse weather conditions or other reasons, the Company’s business and results of operations could be adversely affected. Interruptions in production would increase costs and reduce sales. Any interruption in production capability could require the Company to make substantial capital expenditures to remedy the situation, which could negatively affect its profitability and financial condition. The Company maintains property damage insurance which it believes to be adequate to provide for reconstruction of its facilities and equipment, as well as business interruption insurance to mitigate losses resulting from any production interruption or shutdown caused by an insured loss. However, any recovery under this insurance policy may not offset the lost sales or increased costs that may be experienced during the disruption of operations. Lost sales may not be recoverable under the policy and long-term business disruptions could result in a loss of customers. If this were to occur, future sales levels and costs of doing business, and therefore profitability, could be adversely affected.

Any failure to meet debt obligations and maintain adequate asset-based borrowing capacity could adversely affect the Company’s business and financial condition. The Company’s five-year revolving credit facility entered into on June 29, 2018 is secured by certain personal property assets such as accounts receivable, inventory, and machinery and equipment. Under this agreement, the Company’s borrowing capacity is based on the eligible balances of these assets and it is required to maintain sufficient borrowing base at all times to secure its outstanding borrowings. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had a borrowing capacity that exceeded its outstanding loan balance (see Note G of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Based on its annual financial plan, the Company believes that it will generate sufficient cash flow levels throughout fiscal 2019 in order to maintain compliance with this borrowing base. However, as with all forward-looking information, there can be no assurance that the Company will achieve the planned results in future periods especially due to the significant uncertainties flowing from the current economic environment. If the Company is not able to achieve these objectives and to meet the required covenants under the agreements, the Company may require forbearance from its existing lenders in the form of waivers and/or amendments of its credit facilities or be required to arrange alternative financing. Failure to obtain relief from covenant violations or to obtain alternative financing, if necessary, would have a material adverse impact on the Company.

The Company has made certain assumptions relating to the acquisition of Veth Propulsion in its forecasts that may prove to be materially inaccurate. The Company has made certain assumptions relating to the forecast level of synergies and associated costs of the acquisition of Veth Propulsion. Such assumptions may be inaccurate based on the information available to the Company or as a result of the failure to realize the expected benefits of the acquisition, higher than expected integration costs, unknown liabilities and global economic and business conditions that may adversely affect the combined company following the completion of the acquisition. The combination of the businesses will require significant management attention, and the Company may incur significant additional integration costs because of integration difficulties and other challenges.

As part of the acquisition of Veth Propulsion, the Company entered into a new credit agreement and significantly increased its indebtedness. The ability to service the requirements of the new debt depends on the ability to generate cash and/or refinance its indebtedness as it becomes due, and depends on many factors, some of which are beyond the Company’s control. The Company’s ability to make payments on its indebtedness, including those under the new credit agreement, and to fund planned capital expenditures, research and development efforts and other corporate expenses depends on the Company’s future operating performance and on economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors. Many of these factors are beyond its control. The Company cannot assure that its business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations, or operating improvements will be realized or that future borrowings will be available to it in an amount sufficient to enable it to repay its indebtedness or to fund its other operating requirements. Significant delays in its planned capital expenditures may materially and adversely affect the Company’s future revenue prospects.

As a result of the acquisition of Veth Propulsion, the Company will likely record a significant amount of goodwill and other intangible assets, and it may never fully realize the full value of these assets. The accounting for the acquisition, including the purchase price allocation is in progress. The Company will likely record a significant amount of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, including customer relationships, trademarks and developed technologies.

The Company tests goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Amortizable intangible assets are periodically reviewed for possible impairment whenever there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Impairment may result from, among other things, (i) a decrease in its expected net earnings; (ii) adverse equity market conditions; (iii) a decline in current market multiples; (iv) a decline in its common stock price; (v) a significant adverse change in legal factors or business climates; (vi) an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; (vii) heightened competition; (viii) strategic decisions made in response to economic or competitive conditions; or (ix) a more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or disposed of. In the event that it determines that events or circumstances exist that indicate that the carrying value of goodwill or identifiable intangible assets may no longer be recoverable, it might have to recognize a non-cash impairment of goodwill or other identifiable intangible assets, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

The Company recorded significant non-cash goodwill impairment charges in fiscal 2017 and 2016. The Company carries a remaining balance of goodwill in the amount of $2.7 million as of June 30, 2018 after impairment charges recognized in fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016. Any further deterioration in the industry or business may trigger future impairment charges, which may have a material adverse effect to the Company’s financial results.

The Company may experience negative or unforeseen tax consequences. The Company reviews the probability of the realization of its net deferred tax assets each period based on forecasts of taxable income in both the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. This review uses historical results, projected future operating results based upon approved business plans, eligible carryforward periods, tax planning opportunities and other relevant considerations. Adverse changes in the profitability and financial outlook in the U.S. or foreign jurisdictions may require the creation of a valuation allowance to reduce the Company’s net deferred tax assets. Such changes could result in material non-cash expenses in the period in which the changes are made and could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

Taxing authority challenges and changes to tax laws may lead to tax payments exceeding current reserves. The Company is subject to ongoing tax examinations in various jurisdictions. As a result, the Company may record incremental tax expense based on expected outcomes of such matters. In addition, the Company may adjust previously reported tax reserves based on expected results of these examinations. Such adjustments could result in an increase or decrease to the Company’s effective tax rate.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") was signed into law in December 2017. The new law made numerous changes to U.S. federal corporate tax law that the Company expects will impact its effective tax rate in future periods. The changes included in the Tax Act are broad and complex. The final impact of the Tax Act may differ from the Company’s current estimates, possibly materially, due to, among other things, changes in interpretations of the Tax Act, any legislative action to address questions that arise because of the Tax Act, any changes in accounting standards for U.S. federal income taxes or related interpretations in response to the Tax Act or any updates or changes to estimates the Company has utilized to calculate the impact. Future changes in tax law in the United States or the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates and income tax holidays could have a material impact on the Company’s effective tax rate, foreign rate differential, future income tax expense and cash flows.

Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise the Company’s information and expose it to liability, which would cause its business and reputation to suffer. In the ordinary course of its business, the Company collects and stores sensitive data, including its proprietary business information and that of its customers, suppliers and business partners, as well as personally identifiable information of its customers and employees, in its internal and external data centers, cloud services and on its networks. The secure processing, maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to the Company’s operations and business strategy. Despite the Company’s security measures, its information technology and infrastructure, and that of its partners, may be vulnerable to malicious attacks or breaches due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions, including as a result of rollouts of new systems. Any such breach or operational failure would compromise the Company’s networks and/or that of its partners and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings and/or regulatory fines or penalties, including, among others, under the European Union’s newly enacted General Data Privacy Regulation, disrupt the Company’s operations, damage its reputation and/or cause a loss of confidence in the Company’s products and services, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

Manufacturing Segment

The Company owns two manufacturing, assembly and office facilities in Racine, Wisconsin, U.S.A., one in Nivelles, Belgium, two in Decima, Italy and one in Novazzano, Switzerland. The aggregate floor space of these six plants approximates 767,000 square feet. One of the Racine facilities includes office space, which includes the Company's corporate headquarters. The Company leases additional manufacturing, assembly and office facilities in Italy (Limite sull’Arno) and the Netherlands (Papendrecht).

Distribution Segment

The Company also has operations in the following locations, all of which are leased and are used for sales offices, warehousing and light assembly or product service:

The Company believes its properties are well maintained and adequate for its present and anticipated needs.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Twin Disc is a defendant in several product liability or related claims of which the ultimate outcome and liability to the Company, if any, are not presently determinable. Management believes that the final disposition of such litigation will not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

Pursuant to General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the following list is included as an unnumbered Item in Part I of this Report in lieu of being included in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on October 25, 2018.

Officers are elected annually by the Board of Directors at the Board meeting held in conjunction with each Annual Meeting of the Shareholders. Each officer holds office until a successor is duly elected, or until he/she resigns or is removed from office.

John H. Batten, President, Chief Executive Officer. Effective November 1, 2013, Mr. Batten was named President, Chief Executive Officer. Prior to this promotion, Mr. Batten served as President and Chief Operating Officer since July 2008, Executive Vice President since November 2004, Vice President and General Manager – Marine and Propulsion since October 2001 and Commercial Manager – Marine and Propulsion since 1998. Mr. Batten joined Twin Disc in 1996 as an Application Engineer.

Jeffrey S. Knutson, Vice President – Finance, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary. Mr. Knutson was named Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer in June 2015. Mr. Knutson was named Vice President – Finance, Interim Chief Financial Officer and Interim Treasurer in February 2015. Mr. Knutson was appointed Corporate Secretary in June 2013, and was Corporate Controller from his appointment in October 2005 until August 2015. Mr. Knutson joined the Company in February 2005 as Controller of North American Operations. Prior to joining Twin Disc, Mr. Knutson held Operational Controller positions with Tower Automotive (since August 2002) and Rexnord Corporation (since November 1998).

Malcolm F. Moore, Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer.  Mr. Moore was appointed to the role of Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer effective August 1, 2016.  He was hired as Executive Vice President – Operations effective July 1, 2015 after resigning from the Twin Disc Board of Directors on June 30, 2015.  Prior to joining Twin Disc, Mr. Moore was President and CEO of Digi-Star LLC, a leading supplier of electronic components and software used in precision agriculture. Prior to leading Digi-Star, he held a variety of positions including Executive Vice President and COO, President and COO, and President and CEO of Gehl Company, a publicly-owned manufacturer and distributor of equipment used in construction and agriculture.

Dean J. Bratel, Vice President – Sales and Applied Technology. Mr. Bratel assumed his current role on August 1, 2016, after serving as Vice President, Sales and Marketing since January 2015.  He served as Vice President, Americas (since June 2013), Vice President, Engineering (since November 2004), Director of Corporate Engineering (since January 2003), Chief Engineer (since October 2001) and Engineering Manager (since December 1999).  Mr. Bratel joined Twin Disc in 1987.

Denise L. Wilcox, Vice President - Human Resources. Ms. Wilcox was promoted to her current role in November 2004, after serving in the role of Director, Corporate Human Resources since 2002. Prior to that, she held the role of Manager, Compensation and Benefits since her hire in 1998. Before joining the Company, Ms. Wilcox held positions at Johnson International and Runzheimer International.

Michael B. Gee, Vice President – Engineering. Mr. Gee was promoted to his current role in January 2015, after serving in the role of Director of Engineering since July of 2013. Prior to that, he was Chief Engineer (since September 2004) and has held several other positions in the Company, including Engineering Manager, Project Engineer, Design Engineer, and Experimental Engineer.

Debbie A. Lange, Corporate Controller. Ms. Lange was hired as Corporate Controller effective August 4, 2015. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Lange was the Director of Accounting Research & Special Projects at Sealed Air Corporation (since 2011), a global manufacturer and provider of food packaging solutions, product packaging and cleaning and hygiene solutions. Prior to her role at Sealed Air, Ms. Lange held the position of Director of Global Accounting and Reporting at Diversey, Inc.

PART II

Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters

The Company's common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol TWIN. The price information below represents the high and low sales prices per quarter from July 1, 2016 through June 30, 2018:

For information regarding the Company’s equity-based compensation plans, see the discussion under Item 12 of this report. As of August 20, 2018, shareholders of record numbered 435. The closing price of Twin Disc common stock as of August 20, 2018 was $25.71.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On February 1, 2008, the Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to 500,000 shares of Common Stock at market values, of which 250,000 shares were purchased during fiscal 2009 and 125,000 shares were purchased during fiscal 2012. On July 27, 2012, the Board of Directors authorized the purchase of an additional 375,000 shares of Common Stock at market values. This authorization has no expiration. During the second quarter of fiscal 2013, the Company purchased 185,000 shares under this authorization. The Company did not make any purchases during fiscal 2016, 2017 and 2018. As of June 30, 2018, 315,000 shares remain authorized for purchase.

Performance Graph

The following table compares total shareholder return over the last five fiscal years to the Standard & Poor’s 500 Machinery (Industrial) Index and the Russell 2000 index. The S&P 500 Machinery (Industrial) Index consists of a broad range of manufacturers. The Russell 2000 Index consists of a broad range of 2,000 companies. The Company believes, because of the similarity of its business with those companies contained in the S&P 500 Machinery (Industrial) Index, that comparison of shareholder return with this index is appropriate. Total return values for the Corporation’s common stock, the S&P 500 Machinery (Industrial) Index and the Russell 2000 Index were calculated based upon an assumption of a $100 investment on June 30, 2013 and based upon cumulative total return values assuming reinvestment of dividends on a quarterly basis.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Financial Highlights

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Note on Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this report (including but not limited to certain statements in Items 1, 3 and 7) and in other Company communications that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements, which are based on management’s current expectations. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from what appears here.

Forward-looking statements include the Company’s description of plans and objectives for future operations and assumptions behind those plans. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “estimates,” and “expects,” or similar anticipatory expressions, usually identify forward-looking statements. In addition, goals established by the Company should not be viewed as guarantees or promises of future performance. There can be no assurance the Company will be successful in achieving its goals.

In addition to the assumptions and information referred to specifically in the forward-looking statements, other factors, including, but not limited to those factors discussed under Item 1A, Risk Factors, could cause actual results to be materially different from what is presented in any forward-looking statements.

Subsequent Event

As previously announced and as further discussed in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company recently completed its acquisition of Veth Propulsion Holding, B.V. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (“Veth Propulsion”) on July 2, 2018, the first business day of fiscal 2019. Veth Propulsion’s sales revenues during its most recently completed fiscal year were approximately $50 million; its revenues are predominantly based in Europe, and those revenues will be reported as part of the Company’s marine and propulsion systems product group. Veth Propulsion is expected to be 18 – 20% of the Company’s consolidated revenues in fiscal 2019. The Company financed the acquisition through borrowings under a new credit agreement (described below). As a result of the acquisition and its related transactions, the Company expects that its financial statements, liquidity and capital resources for fiscal 2019 will materially differ from its fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017 financial statements, liquidity and capital resources.

The following discussion does not include the financial, operational and liquidity impacts of integrating Veth Propulsion into the Company’s operations.

Fiscal 2018 Compared to Fiscal 2017

Net Sales

Net sales for fiscal 2018 increased 43.1%, or $72.6 million, to $240.7 million from $168.2 million in fiscal 2017. The significant increase primarily reflects a sustained improvement in North American demand for the Company’s oil and gas related transmission products. Following a significant decline in fiscal 2015, this market recovery began in the second half of fiscal 2017 and has sustained through fiscal 2018. The increased demand reflects strong improvement in both forward market and after market activity. Beyond oil and gas, the Company is seeing positive trends in nearly all of its markets. In particular, global demand for commercial marine and industrial products has shown strong improvement, while pleasure craft demand remains steady. Currency translation had a $5.3 million favorable impact on fiscal 2018 sales.

Sales at our manufacturing segment increased 47.7%, or $69.9 million, versus the same period last year. In the current fiscal year, the Company’s North American manufacturing operation, the largest, experienced a 65.8% increase in sales compared to fiscal 2017. The primary driver for this significant increase was improved demand for the Company’s oil and gas related products, both new units and aftermarket service parts, throughout the fiscal year. This increase is driven by improving oil prices and consistent production levels requiring reinvestment in capital equipment following a lengthy pause created by the decline in oil prices starting in fiscal 2015. The Company’s Italian manufacturing operations, which had been adversely impacted by recent softness in the European mega yacht and industrial markets, experienced a solid increase of 13.4% compared to the prior fiscal year. The Company’s Belgian manufacturing operation saw a 33.5% increase in sales in fiscal 2018 as the marine markets served by this operation began to improve. The Company’s Swiss manufacturing operation, which supplies customized propellers for the global mega yacht and patrol boat markets, experienced a 5.2% increase in sales, primarily due to improvements in the global patrol boat market.

Sales at our distribution segment were up 24.9%, or $16.9 million, compared to fiscal 2017. The Company’s distribution operation in Singapore, its largest Company-owned distribution operation, experienced a 37.8% increase in sales due to a recovery in demand for the Company’s commercial marine products. The Company’s distribution operation in the Northwest of the United States and Southwest of Canada experienced an increase in sales of 44.9% on the improved activity in the North American oil and gas market throughout fiscal 2018. The Company’s distribution operation in Australia, which provides boat accessories, propulsion and marine transmission systems primarily for the pleasure craft market, saw sales improve by 11.9%, driven by improved activity in the Australian pleasure craft market over the prior fiscal year.

Net sales for the Company’s marine transmission and propulsion systems were up 5.6% compared to the prior fiscal year. This increase reflects increasing demand for the Company’s commercial marine products, led by the Asian and North American markets. In the off-highway transmission market, the remarkable year-over-year increase of 152.8% can be attributed primarily to increased shipments of the Company’s pressure pumping transmission systems and components to the North American oil and gas market, reflecting a market recovery that began in the second half of fiscal 2017. The increase experienced in the Company’s industrial products of 7.4% was due to improving volume in agriculture, mining and general industrial markets, primarily in the North American and Italian regions.

Geographically, sales to the U.S. and Canada improved 67% in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017, representing 64% of consolidated sales for fiscal 2018 compared to 55% in fiscal 2017. North American sales benefited primarily from increased demand for oil and gas related products throughout the fiscal year. Sales into China improved nearly 47% compared to fiscal 2017, driven by the combination of improving commercial marine activity and renewed oil and gas demand. China sales represented 5% of 2018 consolidated net sales, which was similar to fiscal 2017. Overall sales into the Asia Pacific market improved 24% compared to fiscal 2017 and represented approximately 15% of sales in fiscal 2018, compared to 17% in fiscal 2017. Sales into the European market improved approximately 10% from fiscal 2017 levels while accounting for 16% of consolidated net sales compared to 21% in fiscal 2017. See Note J of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements for more information on the Company’s business segments and foreign operations.

Gross Profit

In fiscal 2018, gross profit increased $32.0 million, or 66.3%, to $80.2 million on a sales increase of $72.6 million. Gross profit as a percentage of sales increased 460 basis points in fiscal 2018 to 33.3%, compared to 28.7% in fiscal 2017. The table below summarizes the gross profit trend by quarter for fiscal years 2018 and 2017:

There were a number of factors that impacted the Company’s overall gross profit rate in fiscal 2018. Gross profit for the year was primarily impacted by higher volumes and a favorable product mix. The Company estimates the net favorable impact of increased volumes on gross margin in fiscal 2018 was approximately $26.1 million. The favorable shift in product mix, primarily related to the improved North American demand for the Company’s oil and gas transmission and aftermarket products, had an estimated favorable impact of $5.8 million.

Marketing, Engineering and Administrative (ME&A) Expenses

Marketing, engineering, and administrative (ME&A) expenses of $61.9 million were up $9.1 million, or 17.3%, compared to the prior fiscal year. As a percentage of sales, ME&A expenses decreased to 25.7% of sales versus 31.4% of sales in fiscal 2017. The increase in fiscal 2018 compared to the prior year was driven by transaction costs associated with the acquisition of Veth Propulsion ($1.8 million), as described in Note R in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, increased bonus expense ($4.0 million), increased stock based compensation ($1.1 million), additional expenses to achieve volume growth ($2.0 million) and an exchange impact ($1.2 million). These increases were partially offset by a reduction in the global audit fee expense ($0.6 million) and lower pension expense ($0.4 million).

Restructuring of Operations

During the course of fiscal 2018, the Company executed a series of targeted restructuring activities, resulting in a pre-tax restructuring charge of $3.4 million, or $0.30 per diluted share. These actions are a continuation of the Company’s efforts to reduce operating costs and improve efficiencies, and relate primarily to headcount reductions and structural changes at the Company’s Belgian operation.

Interest Expense

Interest expense of $0.3 million for fiscal 2018 was slightly lower (6.9%) versus fiscal 2017. The average borrowing on the revolver, computed monthly, decreased to $7.3 million in fiscal 2018, compared to $8.4 million in the prior fiscal year. The interest rate on the revolver was a range of 2.22% to 2.80% in the prior fiscal year compared to a range of 2.98% to 4.25% in the current year.

Other income (expense), net and Interest Income

In fiscal 2018, other income (expense), net, was immaterial and relatively unchanged from the prior fiscal year.

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the twelve months of fiscal 2018 was 33.1%, which was lower than the prior year rate of 35.8%. The fiscal 2018 rate was impacted by two significant discrete adjustments. During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $3.8 million related to the reversal of a valuation allowance in a certain foreign jurisdiction that had been subject to a full valuation allowance. Improvement in operating results, along with a business reorganization which provided favorable tax planning opportunities, allowed for the reversal of this valuation allowance. During the current fiscal year, in compliance with the new Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the Company recorded a non-cash tax expense of $3.8 million, primarily due to a remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities. In addition, a rate change in Belgium resulted in a $0.4 million non-cash tax expense due to remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities. The mix of earnings by jurisdiction, smaller discrete adjustments and continued operational improvement explain the remaining movement in the Company’s effective tax rate.

The Company maintains valuation allowances when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Changes in valuation allowances from period to period are included in the tax provision in the period of change. In determining whether a valuation allowance is required, the Company takes into account such factors as prior earnings history, expected future earnings, carry-back and carry-forward periods, and tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of realization of a deferred tax asset. During fiscal 2018, the Company reported operating income in certain foreign jurisdictions where the loss carryforward period is unlimited. The Company has evaluated the likelihood of whether the net deferred tax assets related to these jurisdictions would be realized and concluded that, based upon recent operational changes implemented: (a) it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets would be realized; and that (b) a full valuation allowance on the balance of deferred tax assets relating to these jurisdictions is no longer necessary. The Company recorded a net decrease in valuation allowance of $3.8 million in fiscal 2018 due to higher income and continued utilization of operating losses in these jurisdictions. Management believes that it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income and foreign source income to realize all of the deferred tax assets.

Order Rates

As of June 30, 2018, the Company’s backlog of orders scheduled for shipment during the next six months (six-month backlog) was $115.0 million, or approximately 148% higher than the six-month backlog of $46.4 million as of June 30, 2017. The Company’s backlog improved throughout fiscal 2018 with the increase in North American demand for the Company’s oil and gas related products, along with improving demand in the global marine and industrial markets.

Fiscal 2017 Compared to Fiscal 2016

Net Sales

Net sales for fiscal 2017 increased 1.1%, or $1.9 million, to $168.2 million from $166.3 million in fiscal 2016. The slight increase reflects an increase in demand for the Company’s oil and gas related products in North America, primarily during the second half of fiscal 2017. Asian demand for the Company’s commercial marine products remained depressed, while demand from European customers also remained weak, hampered by local economic concerns and an unfavorable currency dynamic for the Company’s U.S. produced goods. Excluding oil and gas applications, North American demand remained relatively stable for the Company’s commercial marine and industrial products. Currency translation had a negligible impact on fiscal 2017 sales.

Sales at our manufacturing segment increased 3.9%, or $5.5 million, versus the same period last year. In the current fiscal year, the Company’s North American manufacturing operation, the largest, experienced a 15.7% increase in sales compared to fiscal 2016. The primary driver for this significant increase was improved demand for the Company’s oil and gas related products, both new units and aftermarket service parts, primarily during the second half of the fiscal year. This increase is driven by stabilizing oil prices and consistent production levels requiring reinvestment in capital equipment following a lengthy pause created by the decline in oil prices starting in fiscal 2015. The Company’s Italian manufacturing operations, which have been adversely impacted by the softness in the European mega yacht and industrial markets, experienced a sales decrease of 3.7% compared to the prior fiscal year. The Company’s Belgian manufacturing operation saw a 19.4% decrease in sales in fiscal 2017 as the marine markets served by this operation continue to struggle. The Company’s Swiss manufacturing operation, which supplies customized propellers for the global mega yacht and patrol boat markets, experienced a 4.4% increase in sales, primarily due to improvements in the global patrol boat market.

Sales at our distribution segment were down 8.6%, or $6.4 million, compared to fiscal 2016. The Company’s distribution operation in Singapore, its largest Company-owned distribution operation, experienced a 26.9% reduction in sales due to a continuing decline in demand for various commercial applications and pressure-pumping transmissions for the Chinese oil and gas market following several years of very strong growth. The Company’s distribution operation in the Northwest of the United States and Southwest of Canada experienced an increase in sales of 4.8% on the improved activity in the North American oil and gas market during the second half of the fiscal year. The Company’s distribution operation in Australia, which provides boat accessories, propulsion and marine transmission systems primarily for the pleasure craft market, saw sales improve by 8.3%, driven by improved activity in the Australian pleasure craft market over the prior fiscal year.

Net sales for the Company’s largest product market, marine transmission and propulsion systems, were down 7.4% compared to the prior fiscal year. This decrease reflects a continuing decline in the Asian commercial marine market and continued weakness in the global pleasure craft market. In the off-highway transmission market, the year-over-year increase of 46.0% can be attributed primarily to increased shipments of the Company’s pressure pumping transmission systems and components to the North American oil and gas market, primarily during the second half of the fiscal year. The decrease experienced in the Company’s industrial products of 11.3% was due to reduced volume in agriculture, mining and general industrial markets, primarily in the North American and Italian regions.

Geographically, sales to the U.S. and Canada improved 8% in fiscal 2017 compared to fiscal 2016, representing 55% of consolidated sales for fiscal 2017 compared to 52% in fiscal 2016. North American sales benefited from increased demand for oil and gas related products in the second half of the fiscal year. Sales into China declined 12.0% compared to fiscal 2016, driven by the combination of reduced oil and gas demand and a decline in commercial marine activity. China sales represented 4.7% of 2017 consolidated net sales, down from 5.4% in fiscal 2016 and 7.4% in fiscal 2015. Overall sales into the Asia Pacific market represented approximately 17% of sales in fiscal 2017, compared to 20% in fiscal 2016. Sales into the European market declined approximately 3% from fiscal 2016 levels while accounting for 21% of consolidated net sales compared to 22% in fiscal 2016. See Note J of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements for more information on the Company’s business segments and foreign operations.

Gross Profit

In fiscal 2017, gross profit increased $7.6 million, or 18.8%, to $48.2 million on a sales increase of only $1.9 million. Gross profit as a percentage of sales increased 430 basis points in fiscal 2017 to 28.7%, compared to 24.4% in fiscal 2016. The table below summarizes the gross profit trend by quarter for fiscal years 2017 and 2016:

There were a number of factors that impacted the Company’s overall gross profit rate in fiscal 2017. Gross profit for the year was favorably impacted by higher volumes, a favorable product mix, a favorable exchange impact ($0.3 million) and positive cost reduction efforts. The Company estimates the net favorable impact of increased volumes on gross margin in fiscal 2017 was approximately $0.8 million. The favorable shift in product mix, primarily related to the improved North American demand for the Company’s oil and gas transmission products, had an estimated favorable impact of $2.3 million. The remaining improvement in margin ($4.2 million) is due to the continued benefit of cost reduction actions across the global enterprise, along with significant improvements in operating efficiency.

Marketing, Engineering and Administrative (ME&A) Expenses

Marketing, engineering, and administrative (ME&A) expenses of $52.8 million were down $4.3 million, or 7.6%, compared to the prior fiscal year. As a percentage of sales, ME&A expenses decreased to 31.4% of sales versus 34.3% of sales in fiscal 2016. The reduction in fiscal 2017 compared to the prior year was driven by lower pension expense ($0.3 million), reduced corporate development spending ($0.9 million) and the positive impact of an aggressive global cost reduction program ($5.0 million). These savings were partially offset by an increase to bonus expense ($1.6 million) and stock based compensation ($0.3 million).

Restructuring of Operations

During the course of fiscal 2017, the Company executed a series of targeted restructuring activities, resulting in a pre-tax restructuring charge of $1.8 million, or $0.16 per diluted share. These actions are focused on reducing the Company’s operating costs due to the challenging global market conditions, and resulted in headcount reductions at the Company’s operations in Italy, Belgium, India and the United States.

Goodwill and Other Asset Impairment Charge

For the quarter ended March 31, 2017, the Company performed a review of potential triggering events, such as the continued market softness and operating losses experienced during the quarter, and concluded that there were sufficient qualitative indicators in the third fiscal quarter that made it more likely than not that an impairment of the domestic industrial goodwill may have occurred. The Company completed a full impairment test, the result of which was a full impairment of the goodwill related to the U.S. Industrial business unit ($2.5 million) that remained after the fiscal 2016 impairment. An asset impairment charge of $0.1 million was also recorded related to the restructuring activities in India. See further discussion in Note P in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In fiscal 2016, the Company conducted its annual assessment for goodwill impairment as of June 30, 2016 using updated inputs, including appropriate risk-based, country and company specific weighted average discount rates for all of the Company’s reporting units. The analysis identified an impairment in the domestic industrial business and the European propulsion business resulting in a charge of $7.6 million. See further discussion in Note D in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Operating Income

During fiscal 2016, the Company sold the distribution rights and assets of its distribution entity covering the southeast U.S. territory for approximately $4.1 million. As a result, a net operating gain of $0.4 million was recorded.

Interest Expense

Interest expense of $0.3 million for fiscal 2017 was down 29% versus fiscal 2016. Interest on the Company’s revolving credit facility (“revolver”) in fiscal 2017 was level with fiscal 2016 at $0.2 million, as a lower average balance was offset by a slightly higher average interest rate. The average borrowing on the revolver, computed monthly, decreased to $8.4 million in fiscal 2017, compared to $12.3 million in the prior fiscal year. The interest rate on the revolver was a range of 1.20% to 2.21% in the prior fiscal year compared to a range of 2.22% to 2.80% in the current year. The interest expense on the Company’s $25 million Senior Note, which carried a fixed rate of 6.05%, totaled $0.2 million in fiscal 2016. The final payment on the Senior Note was made in April 2016.

Other income (expense), net and Interest Income

In fiscal 2017, the decrease in other income (expense), net, was primarily due to lower fixed asset disposal losses when compared to the prior year. Interest income was lower in fiscal 2017 when compared to the prior year due to lower cash balances as the Company paid down long term debt.

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the twelve months of fiscal 2017 was 35.8%, which was significantly lower than the prior year rate of 48.6%. The fiscal 2016 effective tax rate was favorably impacted by a tax strategy which resulted in the recognition of foreign tax credits associated with the repatriation of $9.7 million in cash from our European operations ($2.4 million). Adjusting for this non-recurring tax benefit, the fiscal 2016 effective tax rate would have been 39.1%.

The Company maintains valuation allowances when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. Changes in valuation allowances from period to period are included in the tax provision in the period of change. In determining whether a valuation allowance is required, the Company takes into account such factors as prior earnings history, expected future earnings, carry-back and carry-forward periods, and tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of realization of a deferred tax asset. During fiscal 2017, the Company reported operating income in certain foreign jurisdictions where the loss carryforward period is unlimited. The Company has evaluated the likelihood of whether the net deferred tax assets related to these jurisdictions would be realized and concluded that based primarily upon the uncertainty to achieve levels of sustained improvement and uncertain exchange rates in these jurisdictions: (a) it is more likely than not that $3.8 million of deferred tax assets would not be realized; and that (b) a full valuation allowance on the balance of deferred tax assets relating to these jurisdictions continues to be necessary. The Company recorded a net decrease in valuation allowance of $0.7 million in fiscal 2017 due to lower cumulative operating losses in these jurisdictions. Management believes that it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income and foreign source income to realize the remaining deferred tax assets.

Order Rates

As of June 30, 2017, the Company’s backlog of orders scheduled for shipment during the next six months (six-month backlog) was $46.4 million, or approximately 30% higher than the six-month backlog of $35.7 million as of June 30, 2016. The Company’s backlog improved during the second half of the fiscal 2017 with the increase in North American demand for the Company’s oil and gas related products.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Fiscal Years 2018, 2017 and 2016

The net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2018 totaled $6.5 million, a significant increase ($3.3 million or 105%) from fiscal 2017. The primary driver for the increase is the greatly improved profitability, with net earnings increasing by $15.8 million. The earnings improvement was offset by an increase in working capital required to support the increased volume. Total working capital increased by over $12.0 million in fiscal 2018. The largest increases came in inventory ($17.8 million) and trade receivables ($14.0 million), both driven by the demands of the increased volume in fiscal 2018. Partially offsetting these increases, trade payables also saw a volume related increase ($8.1 million) and accrued expenses grew by $9.8 million with an elevated bonus accrual and other volume related impacts.

The net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2017 totaled $3.2 million, a slight decrease ($0.2 million or 6%) from fiscal 2016. The slight change is primarily the result of a significant improvement in net earnings ($6.9 million) being offset by moderating working capital improvements ($8.3 million lower in fiscal 2017), as the prior fiscal year benefited from successful inventory reductions. While inventory improved slightly in fiscal 2017 ($0.4 million), fiscal 2016 saw a $13.7 million improvement driven by declining volumes and strong working capital management. While the accounts receivable balance increased significantly in fiscal 2017 ($6.0 million) on the strong second half sales volume, receivable performance improved in fiscal 2017, with days sales outstanding falling from 66 days at June 30, 2016 to 56 days at June 30, 2017. Accounts payable saw a corresponding volume-driven increase ($6.6 million).

The net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal 2016 totaled $3.4 million, a decrease of $13.7 million, or approximately 80%, versus fiscal 2015. The decrease compared to the prior fiscal year is primarily due to the decline in earnings totaling $24.4 million. This decline was partially offset by reduced working capital. Accounts receivable decreased by $18.4 million, driven by the reduced sales volume and strong collection efforts. The inventory improvement is the successful result of a concerted global effort to manage working capital levels in light of the challenging market conditions. Net inventory as a percentage of the six-month backlog decreased from 232% as of June 30, 2015 to 186% as of June 30, 2016. The decrease in accounts payable reflects the reduced purchasing activity throughout the fiscal year as a result of the reduced volume, while accrued liabilities declined with the payment of severance and bonus obligations.

The net cash used by investing activities primarily represents capital spending activity totaling $6.3 million. The fiscal 2018 capital projects represented an increase of over 100% compared to fiscal 2017. Capital project spending ramped up through the year, following an extended pause in significant investment. The spending focused on machine tools to provide volume and production efficiency, as well as spending on facilities and new product introductions.

The net cash used by investing activities primarily represents capital spending activity totaling $3.1 million. The fiscal 2017 capital projects were again limited to critical replacement and maintenance items and costs related to new product introduction. This was partially offset by proceeds from the sale of certain operating assets, primarily associated with the closure of our India plant.

The net cash provided by investing activities in fiscal 2016 of $1.1 million represents primarily the proceeds from the sale of Twin Disc Southeast in the first quarter of the fiscal year ($3.5 million) and the proceeds from a life insurance policy ($2.0 million), partially offset by relatively modest capital spending activity totaling $4.2 million. The capital projects for fiscal 2016 were limited to key replacement items and high potential new product introductions.

The net cash used by financing activities in fiscal 2018 of $2.1 million consisted primarily of net payments of debt ($1.5 million). During fiscal 2018, the Company did not purchase any shares as part of its Board-authorized stock repurchase program. The Company has 315,000 shares remaining under its authorized stock repurchase plan.

The net cash used by financing activities in fiscal 2017 of $2.4 million consisted primarily of net payments of debt ($2.2 million). During fiscal 2017, the Company did not purchase any shares as part of its Board-authorized stock repurchase program.

The net cash used by financing activities in fiscal 2016 of $8.1 million consisted primarily of dividends paid to shareholders ($2.0 million) and net payments of debt ($5.3 million). During fiscal 2016, the Company did not purchase any shares as part of its Board-authorized stock repurchase program.

Future Liquidity and Capital Resources

On April 22, 2016, the Company entered into a revolving Credit Agreement (the “2016 Credit Agreement”) with Bank of Montreal (“BOM”). This agreement permits the Company to enter into loans up to $40 million. This maximum may be increased under the 2016 Credit Agreement by an additional $10 million so long as there exists no default and certain other conditions specified in the 2016 Credit Agreement are satisfied.

In general, each revolving loan under the 2016 Credit Agreement were charged interest at a Eurodollar Rate, as defined. In addition to monthly interest payments, the Company was responsible for paying a quarterly unused fee equal to 0.15% of the average daily unused portion of the revolving credit commitment. The Company could prepay loans subject to certain limitations. Borrowings under the 2016 Credit Agreement were secured by substantially all of the Company’s personal property, including accounts receivable, inventory, certain machinery and equipment, and intellectual property, and the personal property of Mill-Log Equipment Co., Inc (“Mill-Log”). The Company also pledged 100% of its equity interests in certain domestic subsidiaries and 65% of its equity interests in certain foreign subsidiaries. The Company entered into a security agreement, IP security agreement and pledge agreement with BOM, and Mill-Log entered into a guaranty agreement, guarantor security agreement and pledge agreement with BOM, which collectively granted BOM a security interest in these assets and holdings as administrative agent for itself and other lenders that may enter into the 2016 Credit Agreement. The Company also entered into a negative pledge agreement with BOM, pursuant to which it had agreed not to sell, lease or otherwise encumber real estate that it owned except as permitted by the 2016 Credit Agreement and the negative pledge agreement. Within thirty days upon the occurrence of an event of default (as defined) that was not cured within the prescribed cure period, or if availability under the 2016 Credit Agreement was less than the greater of 15% of the aggregate revolving credit commitments and $6.0 million, the Company and Mill-Log were to execute and deliver mortgages to BOM on all real estate owned by them at such time to further secure borrowings under the 2016 Credit Agreement.

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with BMO Harris Bank N.A. (“BMO”) that provides for the assignment and assumption of the existing loans between the Company and BOM, and subsequent amendments into a term loan (the “Term Loan”) and revolving credit loans (each a “Revolving Loan” and, collectively, the “Revolving Loans,” and, together with the Term Loan, the “Loans”). Pursuant to the Credit Agreement, BMO agreed to make the Term Loan to the Company in a principal amount not to exceed $35 million, and the Company may, from time to time prior to the maturity date, enter into Revolving Loans in amounts not to exceed, in the aggregate $50 million (the “Revolving Credit Commitment”).

The Credit Agreement provides that the Company may elect that the Term Loan and each Revolving Loan to be either “LIBOR Loans” or “Eurodollar Loans”, as defined, and bear interest at the applicable rate per the Credit Agreement. This rate as of June 29, 2018 was 4.25%. In addition to the month interest payments and any mandatory principal payments required by the Credit Agreement (if applicable), the Company will be responsible for paying a quarterly Revolving Credit Commitment Fee and quarterly Letter of Credit Fees. The Company may prepay the Loans (or any one of the Loans), subject to certain limitations. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the Company’s personal property, including accounts receivable, inventory, machinery and equipment, and intellectual property, and the personal property of Mill-Log, a wholly-owned domestic subsidiary of the Company. The Company has also pledged 100% of its equity interests in certain domestic subsidiaries and 65% of its equity interests in certain foreign subsidiaries. To effect these security interests, the Company and Mill-Log entered into various amendment and assignment agreements that consent to the assignment of certain agreements previously entered into between the Company and Mill-Log with Bank of Montreal in connection with the 2016 Credit Agreement. Specifically, the Company amended and assigned to BMO a Security Agreement, IP Security Agreement, and Pledge Agreement, and Mill-Log amended and assigned to BMO a Guaranty Agreement and Guarantor Security Agreement. The Company also amended and assigned to BMO a Negative Pledge Agreement that it has previously entered into with Bank of Montreal, pursuant to which it agreed not to sell, lease or otherwise encumber real estate that it owns except as permitted by the Credit Agreement and the Negative Pledge Agreement. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, BMO may take the following actions upon written notice to the Company: (1) terminate its remaining obligations under the Credit Agreement; (2) declare all amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable; and (3) demand the Company to immediately Cash Collateralize L/C Obligations in an amount equal to 105% of the aggregate L/C Obligations or a greater amount if BMO determines a greater amount is necessary. If such Event of Default is due to the Company’s bankruptcy, BMO may take the three actions listed above without notice to the Company.

The Company’s balance sheet remains strong, there are no material off-balance-sheet arrangements, and we continue to have sufficient liquidity for near-term needs. The Company had approximately $45.2 million of available borrowings under the Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2018. The Company expects to continue to generate enough cash from operations, as well as its credit facilities, to meet its operating and investing needs. As of June 30, 2018, the Company also had cash of $15.2 million, primarily at its overseas operations. These funds, with some restrictions and tax implications, are available for repatriation as deemed necessary by the Company. In fiscal 2019, the Company expects to contribute $2.4 million to its defined benefit pension plans, the minimum contribution required.

Net working capital increased $12.0 million, or 14.1%, during fiscal 2018, and the current ratio (calculated as total current assets divided by total current liabilities) decreased from 2.9 at June 30, 2017 to 2.6 at June 30, 2018. The increase in net working capital was primarily driven by volume-driven increases in accounts receivable and inventory, partially offset by increases to trade payables (also volume related) and accrued expenses (volume and annual bonus).

The Company expects capital expenditures to be approximately $14 million - $16 million in fiscal 2019. These anticipated expenditures reflect the Company’s plans to ramp up investment in modern equipment to meet volume demands and drive productivity improvements, its global sourcing program and new products.

Management believes that available cash, the BMO credit facility, cash generated from future operations, and potential access to debt markets will be adequate to fund the Company’s capital requirements for the foreseeable future.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

The Company had no off-balance sheet arrangements, other than operating leases, as of June 30, 2018 and 2017.

The Company has obligations under non-cancelable operating lease contracts and loan agreements for certain future payments. A summary of those commitments follows (in thousands):

The table above does not include tax liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits totaling $0.8 million, excluding related interest and penalties, as the timing of their resolution cannot be estimated. See Note N of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements for disclosures surrounding uncertain income tax positions.

The Company maintains defined benefit pension plans for some of its operations in the United States and Europe. The Company has established the Benefits Committee (a non-board management committee) to oversee the operations and administration of the defined benefit plans. The Company estimates that fiscal 2019 contributions to all defined benefit plans will total $2.4 million.

Other Matters

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of this Annual Report requires management’s judgment to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. There can be no assurance that actual results will not differ from those estimates.

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note A to the consolidated financial statements. Not all of these significant accounting policies require management to make difficult, subjective, or complex judgments or estimates. However, the policies management considers most critical to understanding and evaluating its reported financial results are the following:

Accounts Receivable

The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and adjusts credit limits based on payment history and the customer’s credit-worthiness as determined by review of current credit information. We continuously monitor collections and payments from our customers and maintain a provision for estimated credit losses based upon our historical experience and any specific customer-collection issues. In addition, senior management reviews the accounts receivable aging on a monthly basis to determine if any receivable balances may be uncollectible. Although our accounts receivable are dispersed among a large customer base, a significant change in the liquidity or financial position of any one of our largest customers could have a material adverse impact on the collectability of our accounts receivable and future operating results.

Inventory

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost has been determined by the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method for the majority of the inventories located in the United States, and by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method for all other inventories. Management specifically identifies obsolete products and analyzes historical usage, forecasted production based on future orders, demand forecasts, and economic trends when evaluating the adequacy of the reserve for excess and obsolete inventory. The adjustments to the reserve are estimates that could vary significantly, either favorably or unfavorably, from the actual requirements if future economic conditions, customer demand or competitive conditions differ from expectations.

Goodwill

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment might exist. The Company performs impairment reviews for its reporting units using a fair-value method based on management’s judgments and assumptions or third party valuations.

In determining the fair value of our reporting units, management is required to make estimates of future operating results, including growth rates, and a weighted-average cost of capital that reflects current market conditions, among others. The development of future operating results incorporates management's best estimates of current and future economic and market conditions which are derived from a review of past results, current results and approved business plans. Many of the factors used in assessing fair value are outside the control of management, and these assumptions and estimates can change in future periods. While the Company believes its judgments and assumptions were reasonable, different assumptions, economic factors and/or market indicators could materially change the estimated fair values of the Company’s reporting units.

The following are key assumptions to the Company’s discounted cash flow model:

Business Projections – The Company makes assumptions about the level of sales for each fiscal year including expected growth, if any. This assumption drives its planning for volumes, mix, and pricing. The Company also makes assumptions about its cost levels (e.g., capacity utilization, cost performance, etc.). These assumptions are key inputs for developing its cash flow projections. These projections are derived using the Company’s internal business plans that are reviewed during the annual budget process.

Discount Rates – When measuring a possible impairment, future cash flows are discounted at a rate that is consistent with a weighted average cost of capital for a potential market participant. The weighted average cost of capital is an estimate of the overall after-tax rate of return required by equity and debt holders of a business enterprise. There are a number of assumptions that management makes when calculating the appropriate discount rate, including the targeted leverage ratio.

The Company is subject to financial statement risk to the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value. Based upon the goodwill impairment test completed as of the end of June 30, 2018, goodwill was not impaired and no impairment charge was necessary for fiscal 2018. In fiscal 2017, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $2.5 million. In 2016, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $7.6 million. See discussion in Note D in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Long-lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. For property, plant and equipment and other long-lived assets, excluding indefinite-lived intangible assets, the Company performs undiscounted operating cash flow analyses to determine if an impairment exists. If an impairment is determined to exist, any related impairment loss is calculated based on fair value. Fair value is primarily determined using discounted cash flow analyses; however, other methods may be used to substantiate the discounted cash flow analyses, including third party valuations when necessary.

Warranty

The Company engages in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of its suppliers. However, its warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, the extent of the market affected by the failure and the expense involved in satisfactorily addressing the situation. The warranty reserve is established based on our best estimate of the amounts necessary to settle future and existing claims on products sold as of the balance sheet date. When evaluating the adequacy of the reserve for warranty costs, management takes into consideration the term of the warranty coverage, historical claim rates and costs of repair, knowledge of the type and volume of new products and economic trends. While we believe the warranty reserve is adequate and that the judgment applied is appropriate, such amounts estimated to be due and payable in the future could differ materially from what actually transpires.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

The Company provides a wide range of benefits to employees and retired employees, including pensions and postretirement health care coverage. Plan assets and obligations are recorded annually based on the Company’s measurement date utilizing various actuarial assumptions such as discount rates, expected return on plan assets, compensation increases, retirement and mortality tables, and health care cost trend rates as of that date. The approach used to determine the annual assumptions are as follows:

Measurements of net periodic benefit cost are based on the assumptions used for the previous year-end measurements of assets and obligations. The Company reviews its actuarial assumptions on an annual basis and makes modifications to the assumptions when appropriate. The effects of the modifications are recorded currently or amortized over future periods. Based on information provided by its independent actuaries and other relevant sources, the Company believes that the assumptions used are reasonable; however, changes in these assumptions could impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company maintains valuation allowances when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In determining whether a valuation allowance is required, the Company takes into account such factors as prior earnings history, expected future earnings, carry-back and carry-forward periods, and tax strategies that could potentially enhance the likelihood of realization of a deferred tax asset.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

See Note A, Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently issued accounting standards.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

The Company is exposed to market risks from changes in interest rates, commodities and foreign currency exchange rates. To reduce such risks, the Company selectively uses financial instruments and other proactive management techniques. All hedging transactions are authorized and executed pursuant to clearly defined policies and procedures, which prohibit the use of financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Discussion of the Company’s accounting policies and further disclosure relating to financial instruments is included in Note A to the consolidated financial statements.

Interest rate risk - The Company’s earnings exposure related to adverse movements of interest rates is primarily derived from outstanding floating rate debt instruments that are indexed to a Eurodollar rate. In accordance with the Credit Agreement expiring June 30, 2023, the Company has the option of borrowing at a LIBOR Rate plus an additional “Add-On” based on total funded debt to EBITDA, which was at 2.25% as of June 30, 2018. Due to the relative stability of interest rates, the Company did not utilize any financial instruments at June 30, 2018 to manage interest rate risk exposure. A 10 percent increase or decrease in the applicable interest rate would result in a change in pretax interest expense of approximately $20,000.

Commodity price risk - The Company is exposed to fluctuations in market prices for such commodities as steel and aluminum. The Company does not utilize commodity price hedges to manage commodity price risk exposure. Direct material cost as a percent of total cost of goods sold was 56.0% for fiscal 2018.

Currency risk - The Company has exposure to foreign currency exchange fluctuations. Approximately 24% of the Company’s revenues in the year ended June 30, 2018 were denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Of that total, approximately 54% was denominated in euros with the balance comprised of Japanese yen, Indian rupee, Swiss franc and the Australian and Singapore dollars. The Company does not hedge the translation exposure represented by the net assets of its foreign subsidiaries. Foreign currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of shareholders’ equity. Forward foreign exchange contracts are used to hedge the currency fluctuations on significant transactions denominated in foreign currencies.

Derivative financial instruments - The Company has written policies and procedures that place all financial instruments under the direction of the Company’s corporate treasury department and restrict derivative transactions to those intended for hedging purposes. The use of financial instruments for trading purposes is prohibited. The Company uses financial instruments to manage the market risk from changes in foreign exchange rates.

The Company primarily enters into forward exchange contracts to reduce the earnings and cash flow impact of non-functional currency denominated receivables and payables. These contracts are highly effective in hedging the cash flows attributable to changes in currency exchange rates. Gains and losses resulting from these contracts offset the foreign exchange gains or losses on the underlying assets and liabilities being hedged. The maturities of the forward exchange contracts generally coincide with the settlement dates of the related transactions. Gains and losses on these contracts are recorded in Other expense, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations as the changes in the fair value of the contracts are recognized and generally offset the gains and losses on the hedged items in the same period. The primary currency to which the Company was exposed in fiscal 2018 and 2017 was the euro. The Company had no outstanding forward exchange contracts at June 30, 2018. At June 30, 2017, one of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries had three outstanding forward exchange contracts to purchase U.S. dollars in the notional value of $1,050,000 with a weighted average maturity of 53 days. The fair value of the Company’s contract was a loss of $29,000 at June 30, 2017.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

See Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule.

Sales and Earnings by Quarter - Unaudited (in thousands, except per share amounts)

Item 9. Change in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Conclusion Regarding Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of the end of the period covered by this report and under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures. Based on such evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures included in such controls may deteriorate.

The Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based upon the framework (2013 edition) in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based upon such evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of June 30, 2018.

RSM US LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2018, as stated in their report which appears herein.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, there have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

For information with respect to the executive officers of the Registrant, see "Executive Officers of the Registrant" at the end of Part I of this report.

For information with respect to the Directors of the Registrant, see "Election of Directors" in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held October 25, 2018, which is incorporated into this report by reference.

For information with respect to compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, see "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held October 25, 2018, which is incorporated into this report by reference.

For information with respect to the Company’s Code of Ethics, see "Guidelines for Business Conduct and Ethics” in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held October 25, 2018, which is incorporated into this report by reference. The Company’s Code of Ethics, entitled, “Guidelines for Business Conduct and Ethics,” is included on the Company’s website, www.twindisc.com. If the Company makes any substantive amendment to the Code of Ethics, or grants a waiver from a provision of the Code of Ethics for its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or Chief Accounting Officer (or any person performing similar functions), it intends to disclose the nature of such amendment on its website within four business days of the amendment or waiver in lieu of filing a Form 8-K with the SEC.

For information with respect to procedures by which shareholders may recommend nominees to the Company’s Board of Directors, see “Director Committee Functions: Nominating and Governance Committee” in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held October 25, 2018, which is incorporated into this report by reference. There were no changes to these procedures since the Company’s last disclosure relating to these procedures.

For information with respect to the Audit Committee Financial Expert, see “Director Committee Functions: Audit Committee” in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held October 25, 2018, which is incorporated into this report by reference.

For information with respect to the Audit Committee Disclosure, see “Director Committee Functions: Audit Committee” in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held October 25, 2018, which is incorporated into this report by reference.

For information with respect to the Audit Committee Membership, see “Director Committee Functions: Committee Membership” in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held October 25, 2018, which is incorporated into this report by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information set forth under the captions "Executive Compensation," "Director Compensation,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” and “Compensation and Executive Development Committee Report,” in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on October 25, 2018, is incorporated into this report by reference. Discussion in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Compensation and Executive Development Committee Report” is incorporated by reference but shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” as part of this report.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management

For information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management, see the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on October 25, 2018 under the captions "Principal Shareholders” and “Directors and Executive Officers" and incorporated into this report by reference.

For information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans of the Company, see “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on October 25, 2018, which is incorporated into this report by reference.

There are no arrangements known to the Registrant, the operation of which may at a subsequent date result in a change in control of the Registrant.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, Director Independence

For information with respect to transactions with related persons and policies for the review, approval or ratification of such transactions, see “Corporate Governance – Review, Approval or Ratification of Transactions with Related Persons” in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held October 25, 2018, which is incorporated into this report by reference.

For information with respect to director independence, see “Corporate Governance – Board Independence” in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held October 25, 2018, which is incorporated into this report by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The Company incorporates by reference the information contained in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held October 25, 2018 under the headings “Fees to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and “Pre-approval Policies and Procedures.”

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a)(1) Consolidated Financial Statements

See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule, the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and the Consolidated Financial Statements, all of which are incorporated by reference.

(a)(2) Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule

See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule, and the Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule, all of which are incorporated by reference.

(a)(3) Exhibits. See Exhibit Index included as the last page of this form, which is incorporated by reference.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND

FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE

Schedules, other than those listed, are omitted for the reason that they are inapplicable, are not required, or the information required is shown in the financial statements or the related notes.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Twin Disc, Incorporated:

Opinion on the Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Twin Disc, Incorporated's (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the financial statements of the Company and our report dated August 27, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ RSM US LLP

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

August 27, 2018

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Twin Disc, Incorporated: 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Twin Disc, Incorporated (the Company) as of June 30, 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements and schedules (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in 2013, and our report dated August 27, 2018 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ RSM US LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2018.

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

August 27, 2018

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Twin Disc, Incorporated:

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Twin Disc, Incorporated and its subsidiaries as of June 30, 2017 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended June 30, 2017 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule for each of the two years in the period ended June 30, 2017 presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

August 31, 2017

TWIN DISC, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

June 30, 2018 and 2017

(In thousands, except share amounts)

The notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

TWIN DISC, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

The notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

TWIN DISC, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016

(In thousands)

The notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

TWIN DISC, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

For the years ended June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016

(In thousands)

The notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

TWIN DISC, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS AND PER SHARE DATA)