UNITED GUARDIAN INC - Annual Report: 2016 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016

OR

For the transition period from __________ to ____________

Commission file number 1-10526

UNITED-GUARDIAN, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (631) 273-0900

Securities registered pursuant to Section l2(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes ☐    No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.     Yes ☐    No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. 

Yes ☒   No ☐ 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data file required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒    No ☐   

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes ☐ No ☒

As of June 30, 2016, the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the Registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates (based on the closing sales price of such shares on The NASDAQ Global Market (“NASDAQ”) on such date) was approximately $51,361,676. (For the purpose of this report it has been assumed that all officers and directors of the Registrant, as well as all stockholders holding 10% or more of Registrant's stock, are affiliates of the Registrant).

As of March 1, 2017, the Registrant had issued and outstanding 4,594,319 shares of Common Stock, $.10 par value per share ("Common Stock").

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

Certain information required by Part III (portions of Item 10, as well as Items 11, 12, and 13) is incorporated by reference to the Registrant's definitive proxy statement for the 2017 annual meeting of stockholders ("2017 Proxy Statement"), which, pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), is to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) no later than 120 days after Registrant's fiscal year end.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains both historical and "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements by the Registrant about its expectations or beliefs concerning future events, such as financial performance, business prospects, and similar matters. The Registrant desires to take advantage of such "safe harbor" provisions and is including this statement for that express purpose. Words such as "anticipates", "believes", "expects", "intends", "future", and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Any such "forward-looking" statements in this report reflect the Registrant's views as of the date of filing of this report with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) with respect to future events and financial performance, and are subject to a variety of factors that could cause the Registrant's actual results or performance to differ materially from historical results or from the anticipated results or performance expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Because of such factors, there can be no assurance that the actual results or developments anticipated by the Registrant will be realized or, even if substantially realized, that they will have the anticipated results. The risks and uncertainties that may affect the Registrant's business include, but are not limited to: economic conditions, governmental regulations, technological advances, pricing and competition, acceptance by the marketplace of new products, retention of key personnel, the sufficiency of financial resources to sustain and expand the Registrant's operations, and other factors described in this report and in prior filings with the SEC. Readers should not place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof, and should be aware that except as may be otherwise legally required of the Registrant, the Registrant undertakes no obligation to publicly revise any such forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date hereof.

PART I

(a) Introduction    

United-Guardian, Inc. ("United", the "Registrant", or the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation that, through its Guardian Laboratories Division ("Guardian"), manufactures and markets cosmetic ingredients, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, medical lubricants, health care products, and specialty industrial products. It also conducts research and product development, primarily related to the development of new and unique cosmetic and personal care products. The Company’s research and development department also modifies, refines, and expands the uses for existing products, with the goal of further developing the market for the Company's products.

United's predecessor, United International Research, Inc. ("UIR"), was founded and incorporated in New York in 1942 by Dr. Alfred R. Globus, United's Chairman and Director of Research until his death on April 9, 2009. On February 10, 1982, a merger took place between UIR and Guardian Chemical Corp. ("GCC"), an affiliate of UIR, whereby GCC was merged into UIR and the name was changed to United-Guardian, Inc., a New York corporation. On September 14, 1987, United-Guardian, Inc. (New York) was merged with and into a newly-formed Delaware corporation by the same name, United-Guardian, Inc., for the purpose of changing the domicile of the Company to Delaware.

 The Company has a broad range of products, some of which are currently marketed and some of which are still in the research and development stage. Of the products being actively marketed, the two largest product lines are the LUBRAJEL^® line of cosmetic ingredients and medical lubricants, which accounted for approximately 66% of the Company's sales in 2016, and RENACIDIN^® IRRIGATION ("RENACIDIN"), a pharmaceutical product that accounted for approximately 27% of the Company's sales in 2016.

(b) Narrative Description of Business

The Company manufactures and markets cosmetic ingredients, personal and health care products, medical lubricants, pharmaceuticals, and specialty industrial products. It also conducts research and development, primarily related to the development of new and unique cosmetic and personal care products. The Company focuses on the development of products that fill unmet market needs, have unique properties, and use proprietary technology that it sometimes protects with patents. Many of the Company's products are marketed through collaborative agreements with larger companies. The personal care products manufactured by the Company, including the cosmetic ingredients, are marketed to end users through the Company's worldwide network of marketing partners and distributors, and are currently used by many of the major manufacturers of cosmetic and personal care products. The Company sells product outright to its marketing partners, Ex Works (EXW) the Company’s plant in Hauppauge, New York. Those marketing partners in turn resell those products to their customers, who are typically the manufacturers and marketers of cosmetic and personal care products, and who in turn utilize the Company’s products in their finished products. The products are not sold on a consignment basis, so unless a product is determined to be defective it is not returnable except at the discretion of the Company.

The Company operates in one business segment. The Company’s products are separated into four distinct product categories: personal care products (including cosmetic ingredients), pharmaceuticals, medical products, and industrial products. Each product category is marketed differently.  

The Company’s personal care products, including cosmetic ingredients, are marketed globally by six marketing partners, of which Ashland Specialty Ingredients (“ASI”), a business segment of Ashland, Inc., is the largest. The products are sold directly to those marketing partners, which in turn resell those products to their customers for use in the manufacture or compounding of the customers’ personal care and cosmetic products. The Company’s non-pharmaceutical medical products (referred to hereinafter as “medical products”) and the specialty industrial products are sold directly by the Company to marketers of finished products or the contract manufacturers utilized by those marketers. The Company’s pharmaceutical products are marketed by direct advertising, mailings, and trade exhibitions, and are sold to hospitals and pharmacies primarily through full-line drug wholesalers, which purchase the Company’s products outright for resale to their customers. The Company also sells a small quantity of pharmaceutical products directly to hospitals and pharmacies. The Company's products are sold under trademarks or trade names owned by the Company, some of which are registered with the United States Patent and Trademark Office as well as comparable regulatory agencies in some foreign countries.

PRODUCTS

The Company operates in one business segment, and its product lines are separated into four distinct product categories:

PERSONAL CARE

LUBRAJEL^® is an extensive line of water-based moisturizing and lubricating gel formulations that are used as ingredients in personal care (primarily cosmetic/skincare) products. In the personal care industry, they are used primarily as moisturizers and as bases for other cosmetic ingredients, and can be found as an ingredient in skin creams, moisturizers, makeup, and body lotions. The largest product by sales in the LUBRAJEL personal care line in 2016 was LUBRAJEL OIL, followed by LUBRAJEL CG. Some of the other varieties of LUBRAJEL sold for cosmetic use (all using the LUBRAJEL name), in descending order of sales, are LUBRAJEL PF (also sold under the tradename “Norgel”), MS, DV, and NP. In addition, many of these products are available in comparable formulations that do not contain parabens as the preservative, and instead use a different preservative system that is preferred by some customers. Those equivalent products are differentiated by adding the word “Free” after the name (for example, LUBRAJEL MS Free and DV Free), indicating that those formulations do not contain parabens.

LUBRAJEL PF is different from the other products in the LUBRAJEL line in that it is a completely preservative-free form of LUBRAJEL. It is marketed under the LUBRAJEL PF tradename in all geographic markets other than France, where it is marketed under the tradename “Norgel” by Societe D'Etudes Dermatologiques ("Sederma"), a subsidiary of Croda International Plc (“Croda”). Sederma is the Company's exclusive marketing partner and distributor of the Company’s cosmetic ingredients in France and, along with its parent company, Croda, is a major supplier of specialty cosmetic ingredients to the personal care products industry. Tests have shown that this product self-preserves, and that it aids in the preservation of other cosmetic ingredients with which it is formulated.

LUBRAJEL NATURAL is the first product in a new line of LUBRAJEL products for cosmetic use that are produced using only ingredients that are considered “natural”. This product, as well as the additional “natural” products under development (see “Development Activities” below) are based on natural polysaccharides, which contribute moisturization, emulsion stabilization, and emolliency to personal care products, particularly creams and lotions. LUBRAJEL NATURAL has received “COSMOS APPROVED” status pursuant to the new global COSMOS standard for certifying natural and organic products, which allows its use in products certified as “natural”. This product is now being actively marketed, and sales in 2016 increased when compared with 2015.

Sales of the Company's personal care products decreased by $5,005,500 (approximately 50%) for the year ended December 31, 2016 when compared with 2015, primarily due to a decrease in sales of LUBRAJEL OIL in China. The decrease was the result (a) a regulatory issue in China that was unrelated to LUBRAJEL OIL but which required the reformulation of some of the products in which LUBRAJEL OIL was being used, and (b) an overstock situation in China resulting from the Company’s marketing partner in China, ASI, having brought into China significantly more LUBRAJEL OIL than it needed to satisfy the requirements of its customers. As a result, there were no significant sales to ASI of product intended for China from the fourth quarter of 2015 until September 2016 while ASI worked off the excess inventory. With the regulatory issue having been addressed, and with products that had been affected by the regulatory issue coming back on the market during 2016, the overstock situation in China was gradually corrected, and in September 2016 ASI resumed its purchases of products intended for sale in China. However, ASI has indicated that its purchases are expected to be at lower volumes than they had been in the first three quarters of 2015.

Each of the following products accounted for less than 1% of the Company’s sales in 2016, listed in descending order of sales.

LUBRAJEL II XD is a version of LUBRAJEL that was developed to be a direct replacement for one of the competitive products to LUBRAJEL.

ORCHID COMPLEX™ is an oil-soluble base for skin creams, lotions, cleansers, and other cosmetics. It is an extract of fresh orchids modified by stabilizers and preservatives, and is characterized by its excellent lubricity, spreadability, light feel, and emolliency. Because of its alcohol solubility, it may also be used in fragrance products such as perfumes and toiletries. Its emolliency makes it an excellent additive to shampoos, bath products and facial cleansers. It is also a superior emollient for sunscreens, vitamin creams, toners and skin serums.

LUBRASLIDE™ and a related product, B-122™, are powdered lubricants used in the manufacture of cosmetics such as pressed powders, eyeliners, and rouges. They are used as binders for these products, increasing water-repellency and drop strength and lowering the coefficient of friction.

KLENSOFT™ is a surfactant (a surface-active agent, such as a soap or detergent) that can be used in shampoos, shower gels, makeup removers, and other cosmetic formulations. KLENSOFT sales have been highly variable due to the ordering patterns of the primary customers for the product.

LUBRASIL™ is a special form of LUBRAJEL in which silicone oil is incorporated into a LUBRAJEL base by micro-emulsification, thereby maintaining clarity similar to the other LUBRAJEL products. The product has a silky feel, and is water resistant while moisturizing the skin.

The Company believes that its ability to maintain and/or increase sales of its cosmetic and other personal care products will depend on (a) the ability and determination of its marketing partners, especially its largest marketing partner, ASI, to continue to aggressively promote the Company’s products, particularly to new customers, and to find new marketing opportunities; (b) the Company's success in developing additional new products, including new varieties of LUBRAJEL, as well as new applications for existing products; and (c) the ability of the Company to find ways to compete with manufacturers of lower-cost competitors to its LUBRAJEL products which have negatively impacted the sales of, the Company’s personal care products. In particular, the Company has experienced significant pricing pressure from competitive products being marketed in China by some Asian manufacturers. These lower-cost competitive products are likely to negatively impact the company’s profit margins on some of its products in certain geographic areas.

The Company believes that there is still potential to expand the sales of its LUBRAJEL line of products through new product development, modifications to make some of its current products more competitive, additional claim substantiation, and geographic expansion. The Company believes that its strong brand identity and reputation for supplying quality products will be advantageous in its efforts to compete with the growing number of lower-cost imitations of its products, but that it will still be necessary to be more competitive with its product pricing in certain geographic areas in order to maintain and grow its market share.

MEDICAL

LUBRAJEL RR and RC are both gels used primarily as lubricants for urinary catheters. Both are special grades of LUBRAJEL that can withstand sterilization by gamma radiation, which is one of the methods of terminally sterilizing medical and hospital products. LUBRAJEL RR was the original radiation-resistant LUBRAJEL product. LUBRAJEL RC was developed as a lower-cost alternative to the LUBRAJEL RR for those customers who are in more cost-sensitive markets. Combined sales of these two products in 2016 increased by approximately 15% compared with 2015, with LUBRAJEL RR accounting for the largest portion of that increase. The combined sales of both products accounted for approximately 15% of the Company’s sales in 2016. Sales of both of these products are subject to year-to-year variations based on the ordering patterns of the customers for these two products.

LUBRAJEL MG is the original form of LUBRAJEL, developed as a medical lubricant in the 1970s. It is used by many medical device manufacturers for lubricating urinary catheters, pre-lubricated enema tips, and other medical devices. Sales increased by approximately 27% in 2016 compared with 2015, which the Company believes was the result of fluctuations in the buying patterns of customers for this product. Sales of this product represented approximately 7% of the Company’s sales in 2016.

LUBRAJEL LC was originally developed for a specific customer who required a product suitable for oral use but has since discontinued its purchases. Sales increased by approximately 50% in 2016 compared with 2015.

LUBRAJEL FLUID is a very low viscosity form of LUBRAJEL that was developed to provide superior lubrication in water-soluble products. It was specifically developed, and is currently being used, as a replacement for silicone oils in pre-lubricated condoms. The Company has only one customer for this product, and sales of this product did not contribute significantly to the Company’s overall sales.

LUBRAJEL BA is a Lubrajel formulation that was specifically developed for ASI for an oral care use. ASI is actively promoting this product, but sales of this product are not yet a significant contributor to the Company’s revenue.

LUBRAJEL TF is a medical lubricant specifically developed for a global medical products company. Initial sales of this product began at the end of 2012. Although the Company is still hopeful that sales of this product will increase, sales of this product to date have been lower than expected due to the customer’s uncertain marketing plans for this product.

Sales of all of the medical grades of LUBRAJEL increased by approximately 19% in 2016 compared with 2015. Sales of these products accounted for approximately 24% of the Company’s sales in 2016 compared with approximately 15% in 2015. The Company believes that the increase was due to fluctuations in the purchasing patterns of its customers, as well as to the lower sales of personal care products in 2016 compared with sales of the medical products.

PHARMACEUTICAL

RENACIDIN^® is a prescription drug product that is used primarily to prevent and to dissolve calcifications in urethral catheters and the urinary bladder. From 1991 until April 2016 it had been marketed as a ready-to-use sterile solution in 500mL glass bottles. It currently has regulatory approval only in the United States. The product had been manufactured for the Company under a long-term contract with a major U.S. drug company. That contract terminated in the first quarter of 2015. In 2013, in anticipation of that contract expiration, the Company began working with a new supplier to produce RENACIDIN in a smaller, more user-friendly container. In August 2014 the Company submitted an application to the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) to market RENACIDIN in a new sterile, single dose, 30 mL plastic bottle that was engineered to dispense the product directly into an indwelling catheter, eliminating the need to use a separate syringe to extract a small amount of product from the previous 500mL bottle. In December 2015 the Company received approval from the FDA to market the new single-dose product, and sales began in April 2016. The Company has already experienced a significant increase in monthly revenue from the new product, and is optimistic that this new, more user-friendly bottle will enable the Company to continue to increase its sales of RENACIDIN over the next few years. Sales of RENACIDIN increased by approximately 115% primarily as a result of the sales of the new package size, and represented approximately 27% of total Company sales.

CLORPACTIN^® WCS-90 is an antimicrobial product used primarily in urology to treat infections in the urinary bladder. It is also used in surgery for treating a wide range of localized infections in the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity), as well as the eye, ear, nose and throat, and sinuses. The product is a powder that is mixed with water by the end user and used as a solution. It is also a powerful disinfectant, fungicide, and deodorizer. Sales of CLORPACTIN have been very consistent from year-to-year. In 2016 sales increased by approximately 6% and represented approximately 5% of the Company’s sales. The company believes that the increase was due to normal year-to-year fluctuations rather than any significant trend in sales.

The Company’s pharmaceutical products are returnable only at the discretion of the Company unless (a) they are found to be defective; (b) the product is damaged in shipping; or (c) they are outdated (but not more than one year after their expiration date, which is a return policy that conforms to standard pharmaceutical industry practice).

INDUSTRIAL

DESELEX™ Liquid is a sequestering and chelating agent that is used primarily as a replacement for phosphates in the manufacture of detergents. It also has some use in personal care products as a chelating agent in shampoos and body washes. Sales of this product increased by $12,854 (16%) from $78,194 in 2015 to $91,048 in 2016.

THOROCLENS is a chlorine-based cleanser manufactured and packaged by the Company for a small company in New England that resells the product to its customers. Sales of this product increased by $7,749 (14%) from $56,587 in 2015 to $64,336 in 2016.

DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES

In coordination with, and with input from, its marketing partners, the Company's research and development department has developed products that can be used in many different industries, including the personal care (including cosmetic), pharmaceutical, medical, health care, and specialty chemical industries. These products are in various stages of development, some currently marketable and some in the very early stages of development requiring a substantial amount of development work to bring them to market. Research is also being done on new uses for currently marketed products.

Prior to initiating research and development work on a product, market research is done to determine the marketability of the product, including the potential market size and the most effective method of marketing the product. After that, the research and development department will determine whether the product can be successfully developed, including (a) laboratory refinements and adjustments to suit the intended uses of the product; (b) stability studies to determine the effective shelf life of the product and suitable storage and transportation conditions; and (c) laboratory efficacy tests to determine the effectiveness of the product under different conditions. If development proves feasible, the Company will then determine whether production and sales costs make it feasible to bring the product to market.

If the initial development work is successful, and the estimated costs of further development are acceptable to the Company, further development work to bring the product to market will continue, including scaling up from laboratory production batches to pilot batches to full-scale production batches. In the case of drug products or medical devices, significant additional work would have to be done, including studies to determine safety and effectiveness, preparation of an Investigational New Drug (IND) Application, and finally the filing of an NDA. Due to the size of the Company and the costs involved in bringing new drugs or medical devices to market, the Company does not currently have plans to develop any new drugs or medical devices, and intends to focus its research and development efforts on the development of new and innovative products for the personal care and medical (non-drug) markets.

 While there can be no assurance that any particular project will result in a new marketable product or a commercially successful product, the Company believes that a number of its development projects, including those discussed below, may have commercial potential if the Company's development efforts are successful.

 The Company's major research focus is on the development of new and unique ingredients for cosmetic and other personal care products. The following are some of the projects that the Company is either working on or intends to work on in the near future:

LUBRAJEL MARINE and LUBRAJEL OIL NATURAL: These will be the next two products in the LUBRAJEL “Natural” line, in which products are formulated using only ingredients that are considered “natural”. Like the original LUBRAJEL NATURAL, these two products are based on natural polysaccharides. The LUBRAJEL MARINE uses some components derived from marine vegetation. The LUBRAJEL OIL NATURAL will be a new, natural form of the Company’s original LUBRAJEL OIL, with similar lubricating properties but based on all-natural components. The polymer network in this product is based solely on vegetable feedstock. Like the original LUBRAJEL NATURAL, both of these products had been certified as “natural” by Ecocert, one of the global organizations responsible for certifying cosmetic ingredients as natural, and the LUBRAJEL MARINE has also received the newer “COSMOS APPROVED” status pursuant to the new global COSMOS standard for certifying natural and organic products, which allows use of those materials in “COSMOS CERTIFIED” products. The COSMOS approval is pending for the LUBRAJEL OIL NATURAL. The formulation for the LUBRAJEL MARINE has been finalized, and the formulation for the LUBRAJEL OIL NATURAL should be finalized by the end of the first quarter of 2017, which is also when the Company expects to begin actively marketing the LUBRAJEL MARINE. The initiation of marketing of the LUBRAJEL OIL NATURAL has not been set, but the Company expects that to happen sometime in 2017. The Company believes that there is a growing demand for natural products, especially in personal care products, and expects to add additional products to this line in the future if these initial products are successful.

Lubrajel Terra: This is intended to be the fourth product in the LUBRAJEL “Natural” line. It will be based on polysaccharides from plant-based materials. This is still in the product development stage. The Company currently anticipates that this product, if it can be successfully developed, will be ready for sampling by late 2017.

GLYCERYL GLYCOLATE: This material is intended to function as an anti-aging skincare ingredient. The Company has finalized the product formulation and has developed some recommended applications as well as instructions for potential customers as to how it can be used in finished formulations. However, the Company has not yet made a determination as to whether there is a sufficient market for this product to continue the technical development work, based on other competitive products that are already on the market.

Amla Complex: This product consists of an extract of the Amla fruit (Indian Gooseberry), which is believed to have certain health benefits, including improved skin health and healthier hair. It is high in antioxidant content, such as vitamin C. This product is in the R&D phase and samples are not yet available for evaluation, but the Company is working closely with its marketing partners to determine the potential for this product. It is anticipated that this product will also receive “COSMOS APPROVED” status once it is submitted to the certifying agency.

It should be emphasized that some of the projects listed above are in the very early stages of research and development, and there can be no guarantee that any particular development project will result in a marketable product or in significant sales if it is marketed.     

The Company’s research and development expenses in 2016 were $651,828 as compared with $648,211 in 2015. It expects its research and development expenses in 2017 to be comparable to those of 2016. Any additional increase in development and/or production costs will depend on whether capital investments are required in order to continue development work on, or to manufacture, any of the new products under development.

The Company requires all employees and consultants who may receive confidential and proprietary information to agree in writing to keep such information confidential.

TRADEMARKS AND PATENTS

The Company strongly believes in protecting its intellectual property and intends, whenever reasonably possible and economically practical, to obtain patents in connection with its product development program. The Company currently holds one United States patent and several trademarks relating to its products. In recent years the Company has relied more on trade secrets and proprietary formulations and manufacturing methods to protect its intellectual property rather than patents, since under current patent law the filing of a patent now provides detailed proprietary information that can be copied by companies in other countries where enforcement would be difficult and expensive, such as in China. The Company believes that in many cases it is better to protect its intellectual property in other ways that do not require the disclosure of proprietary information. Many patents that had previously been issued to the Company have expired. There can be no assurance that any patents held by the Company will be valid or otherwise of value to the Company, or that any patent applied for will be granted. The Company will continue to file patent applications in situations where it believes that relying on trade secrets would be insufficient protection.

Set forth below is a table listing certain information with respect to the U.S. patent currently held by the Company.

The various trademarks and trade names owned or used by the Company in its business are of varying importance to the Company. The most significant trademarks are LUBRAJEL^® and RENACIDIN^®.

DOMESTIC SALES

In the United States the Company's cosmetic ingredient products are marketed and distributed exclusively by ASI in accordance with a marketing agreement originally entered into in 1996 with International Specialty Products (“ISP”), the predecessor company of ASI, which was subsequently modified and expanded (see “Marketing Agreements” below). ASI also has certain non-exclusive rights to sell some of the Company's other industrial and medical products, and was granted the exclusive right to market an oral care product, LUBRAJEL BA, which was specifically developed for ASI in 2012 but which, to date, has not had significant sales. The current agreement with ASI is scheduled to terminate on December 31, 2017, but will continue for an additional two-year period ending December 31, 2019 unless the Company notifies ASI by November 1, 2017 that it does not want to continue its marketing partnership with ASI.

Revenue from domestic sales of all Company products accounted for approximately 77% of the Company’s total sales revenue in 2016, compared with 83% in 2015. Sales to the Company’s largest marketing partner, ASI, accounted for approximately 32% of total Company sales in 2016 and 60% in 2015. Although a significant percentage of ASI’s purchases from the Company are ultimately sold to foreign customers, all sales to ASI are included in domestic sales revenue because all shipments to ASI are delivered to ASI’s warehouses in the U.S.

The Company’s pharmaceutical products are marketed only in the United States, and are sold primarily through full-line drug wholesalers, and accounted for approximately 29% of Company sales in 2016 (net of returns and allowances, which accounted for approximately 3% of Company sales), and approximately 12% in 2015. Domestic sales of the Company's medical (non-pharmaceutical) products accounted for approximately 14% of Company sales in 2016, and 10% in 2015. Approximately 70% of the Company’s domestic sales of medical products in 2016, and 71% in 2015, were delivered to U.S. locations for subsequent shipment by the customers to foreign manufacturing facilities, which then produced finished products that are marketed globally.

Domestic sales of the Company’s specialty industrial products accounted for approximately 2% of Company sales in both 2016 and 2015. The medical and industrial products are sold directly to customers or their contract manufacturers, who incorporate these products into their finished products.

FOREIGN SALES

In 2016 approximately 23% of the Company’s sales revenue was from (a) sales of its personal care products to the Company’s foreign marketing partners, which accounted for approximately 13% of Company sales in 2016 and 11% in 2015, and (b) sales of some of the Company’s medical products directly to certain customers in foreign countries, which accounted for approximately 10% of Company sales in 2016 compared with 6% in 2015.

Because all shipments to the Company’s largest marketing partner, ASI, are delivered to ASI’s warehouses in the U.S., all sales to ASI are included in “Domestic Sales”, even though a significant percentage of ASI’s sales of the Company’s products are to customers in foreign countries. Based on sales information provided to the Company by ASI, in 2016 approximately 70% of ASI’s sales were to customers in foreign countries, compared with 80% in 2015. ASI’s largest foreign market in both 2016 and 2015 was China, which accounted for approximately 53% of ASI’s sales in 2016 and 63% in 2015.

Since the Company sells its products in U.S. Dollars, the Company’s selling prices are not affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates except to the extent that a stronger dollar compared with foreign currencies can make the Company’s products less competitive in foreign markets, sometimes requiring the Company to reduce its prices in order be more competitive. In recent years sales have been negatively impacted by the strength of the U.S. Dollar relative to other currencies, particularly the Euro, which has resulted in some of the Company’s products being more price sensitive than they had been in the past. It has also enabled some of the Company’s competitors to take some market share from the Company in those markets.

SALES AND MARKETING

The Company markets its products through marketing partners and distributors, advertising in medical and trade journals, mailings to physicians and to the trade, and exhibitions at medical meetings. The pharmaceutical products are sold in the United States primarily to drug wholesalers, which in turn distribute and resell those products to drug stores, hospitals, physicians, long-term care facilities, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, and other government agencies. The cosmetic ingredients and other personal care products are sold outright (not on consignment) to the Company’s marketing partners, which in turn market and resell the products to cosmetic and other personal care manufacturers for use in the manufacture or compounding of their products. The medical and specialty industrial products are sold by the Company directly to the end users. The industrial products are older products that have limited marketability but are still being sold to some long-time customers. They are not actively marketed, but are available for sale to any new customers.

MARKETING AGREEMENTS

The Company has a written marketing agreement only with ASI; all other marketing arrangements are subject to cancellation at any time by either the Company or the distributor. The marketing agreement with ASI gives it exclusive foreign marketing rights with the exception of the following territories, where the Company's other marketing partners have exclusive marketing rights: the United Kingdom (by The Azelis Group); France (by Sederma SAS, a subsidiary of Croda International Plc.); Italy (by Luigi & Felice Castelli S.R.L.); Switzerland (by Azelis Cosmetics GmbH.); and South Korea (by C&M International). The Company also has significant sales of one of its medical lubricants to the manufacturing plant in India of a multi-national medical products customer.

The marketing agreement with ASi was entered into in 1994 with ISP, the predecessor company of ASI. That agreement set forth provisions under which ISP/ASI would market and distribute the Company's personal care products, as well as some medical and specialty industrial products, in certain parts of Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa. ISP manufactured and marketed globally (and continues to do so as ASI) an extensive line of personal care and pharmaceutical additives and various other industrial products. In 1996, the parties entered into another agreement, extending ISP’s distribution rights to the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Central and South America. In July 2000, December 2002, December 2005, May 2010, November 2012, and November 2013 the parties entered into additional agreements that modified, extended, and consolidated the 1994 and 1996 agreements, and provided for automatic two-year renewals of ASI’s marketing rights unless either party terminated the arrangement upon 60 days’ notice. The agreement automatically renewed on January 1, 2012, 2014, and 2016 for additional two-year terms. The current contract ends on December 31, 2017 but will automatically renew for an additional two-year term unless cancelled by notice given no later than November 1, 2017.

The Company believes that in the event ASI were to cease marketing the Company's products alternative arrangements could be made with one of the other global marketers of personal care products to continue to supply products to customers currently using the Company's products, without any significant interruption of sales.

 The Company has other marketing arrangements with marketing partners in the U.K., France, Switzerland, South Korea, and Italy (see “Foreign Sales’” above), but all of these other arrangements are operating under either verbal agreements or expired written agreements, and are subject to termination at any time by either party.

RAW MATERIALS

The principal raw materials used by the Company consist of common industrial organic and inorganic chemicals. Most of these materials are available in ample supply from numerous sources. The Company has five major raw material vendors that together accounted for approximately 85% of the raw material purchases by the Company in 2016, and 89% in 2015.

INVENTORIES, RETURNS, and ALLOWANCES

The Company's business requires that it maintain moderate inventories of certain of its finished goods. Historically, sufficient inventory levels, returns and allowances have not been a significant factor in the Company's business.

BACKLOG

The Company currently does not have any significant backlog of orders.

SEASONALITY

Due to the nature of the Company's business and the types of products it markets it is not subject to any significant seasonal fluctuations in sales.

CUSTOMERS

The Company’s personal care/cosmetic ingredients are marketed and sold globally by six marketing partners. Those marketing partners in turn market and distribute those products to their customers. Although the Company depends on those marketing partners for the marketing and distribution of its personal care products, it is confident that if any of its marketing partners were to decide not to sell the Company’s products, or if the Company chose to replace one or more of those marketing partners, it would be able to put in place new marketing agreements to service its customers in any of the geographic areas affected. If necessary, the Company would also be able to sell directly to the end users of its products until such time as a new marketing partner is put in place.

The Company’s pharmaceutical products are sold to, and distributed by, full-line drug wholesalers throughout the United States. It’s medical and specialty industrial products are sold directly by the Company to the end users of those products or, in some cases, to contract manufacturers used by some of those end users.

COMPETITION

The Company has some products or processes that are either proprietary or have some unique characteristics, and its LUBRAJEL line of products is well known globally and has an excellent reputation for quality. The Company believes that these characteristics will be advantageous to the Company in its continuing efforts to compete effectively with other pharmaceutical, personal care, specialty chemical, or health care companies. The pharmaceutical, health care, and cosmetic industries are all highly competitive, and the Company experienced a high level of competition for its cosmetic ingredients during 2016, not only because of additional competition in the marketplace, but also because of the strengthened U.S. dollar, which caused the Company’s products to be less competitive than they had been in the past when the dollar was not as strong. The Company anticipates that this increased competition will continue in the coming years, and is working with ASI, its primary marketing partner, to address the issue and determine how the Company can make its products more competitive in the marketplace in light of the changed circumstances. The Company is aware that there are other domestic and foreign companies that are engaged in the same or similar areas of research as those in which the Company is engaged, some of which have substantially greater financial, research, manpower, marketing and distribution resources than the Company. In addition, there are many large, integrated and established pharmaceutical, specialty chemical, personal care and health care companies that have greater capacity than the Company to develop and to commercialize types of products upon which the Company's research and development programs are based. The Company intends to focus its research efforts on the development of new and innovative products for which there is not the same competitive situation as there is for some of the Company’s older products, and is optimistic that the development of unique products, such as its focus on the development of products made exclusively with natural ingredients, will enable it to continue to compete in a market in which competition has become more of a factor than it had been in the past.

ISO 9001:2008 REGISTRATION

In October 2009 the Company was certified by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. to be in compliance with the current ISO 9001:2008 standard, indicating that the Company's documented procedures and overall operations had attained the high level of quality needed to comply with this ISO certification level. Prior to that, since December 2003 the Company had been registered under the previous ISO 9001:2000 standard, also by Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. The Company had first earned ISO registration in November 1998, when it earned ISO 9002 registration, and has been in continuous compliance with each of these standards from the time of its approval under each standard.

GOVERNMENT REGULATION

Regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and other countries is a significant factor in the manufacturing and marketing of many of the Company's products. The Company and many of the Company's products are subject to certain government regulations. Products that may be developed and sold by the Company in the United States may require approval from federal regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (“FDA”), as well as state regulatory agencies. Products that may be developed and sold by the Company outside the United States may require approval from foreign regulatory agencies. Although the Company does not currently market any medical devices, if it were to do so a 510(k) pre-market notification to the FDA would be required to demonstrate that the device is at least as safe and effective as a legally marketed device. The Company would then need to receive clearance from the FDA prior to marketing the device. While the Company does not have any current plans to develop any new pharmaceutical products, any new drug product would require clinical evaluation under an Investigational New Drug Application, and the subsequent submission to the FDA of a New Drug Application.

The Company is required to comply with all pertinent current Good Manufacturing Practices of the FDA for medical devices and drugs. Accordingly, the regulations to which the Company and certain of its products may be subject, and any changes with respect thereto, may materially affect the Company's ability to produce and market new products developed by the Company.

The Company's present and future activities are, and will likely continue to be, subject to varying degrees of additional regulation under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, Environmental Protection Act, import, export and customs regulations, and other present and possible future foreign, federal, state and local regulations.

Portions of the Company's operating expenses are directly attributable to complying with federal, state, and local environmental statutes and regulations. In 2016 and 2015 the Company incurred approximately $31,000 and $38,000, respectively, in federal, state, and local environmental law compliance expenses. There was no material financial or other impact on the Company as a result of compliance with environmental laws.

EMPLOYEES

The Company presently has 33 employees, 4 of whom serve in an executive capacity, 17 in research, quality control and manufacturing, 6 in maintenance and construction, and 6 in office and administrative support services. Of the total number of employees, 29 work full time.

The information to be reported under this item is not required of smaller reporting companies.

The information to be reported under this item is not required of smaller reporting companies.

The Company maintains its principal office and factory, and conducts its research, at a 50,000 square foot facility on a 2.7-acre parcel at 230 Marcus Boulevard, Hauppauge, New York 11788, which the Company owns. Of the 50,000 square feet, approximately 30,000 square feet is manufacturing space, 15,000 square feet is warehouse space, and 5,000 square feet is office and laboratory space. The Company has fully developed the 2.7 acres, and fully utilizes the building occupying the land. The Company believes that the aforementioned property is adequate for its immediately foreseeable needs. The property is presently unencumbered and, in the Company’s opinion, is adequately insured.

None.

Not applicable.

PART II

Market Information

The Common Stock of the Company has traded on the NASDAQ Global Market since March 16, 2009, under the symbol "UG". From December 1, 2008 through March 13, 2009, following the merger of the American Stock Exchange with the New York Stock Exchange, the Company's Common Stock was traded on the NYSE Amex Stock Exchange under the same symbol. Prior to December 1, 2008 its stock traded on the American Stock Exchange under the same symbol.

The following table sets forth the high and low closing sale prices of the shares of Common Stock, as reported by NASDAQ, for the period January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. The quotations represent prices between dealers and do not include retail markup, markdown or commission:

Holders of Record

As of March 1, 2017, there were 734 holders of record of Common Stock.

Cash Dividends

On May 18, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a semi-annual cash dividend of $0.35 per share, which was paid on June 15, 2016 to all stockholders of record as of June 1, 2016. On November 30, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a semi-annual cash dividend of $0.40 per share, which was paid on December 19, 2016 to all stockholders of record as of December 12, 2016.

On May 13, 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a semi-annual cash dividend of $0.50 per share, which was paid on June 15, 2015 to all stockholders of record as of June 1, 2015. On November 18, 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a semi-annual cash dividend of $0.50 per share, which was paid on December 15, 2015 to all stockholders of record as of December 1, 2015.

The information to be reported under this item is not required of smaller reporting companies.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Preparation of financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. The Company uses its historical experience and other relevant factors when developing its estimates and assumptions, which are continually evaluated. Note A, Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to Financial Statements, included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K includes a discussion of the Company’s significant accounting policies. The following accounting policies are those that the Company considers critical to an understanding of the financial statements because their application places the most significant demands on the Company’s judgment. The Company’s financial results might have been different if other assumptions had been used or other conditions had prevailed.

Marketable Securities

The Company classifies its marketable securities as available-for-sale at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. The Company’s marketable securities include investments in equity and fixed income mutual funds, and government securities. The Company’s marketable securities are reported at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity. Realized gains or losses on mutual funds are determined using the average cost method, while realized gains or losses on government securities and bonds are determined using the specific-identification method. Realized gains or losses on the Company's marketable securities are insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. The Company evaluates its investments periodically for possible other-than-temporary impairment by reviewing factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value had been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time which may be sufficient for anticipated recovery of market value. The Company would record an impairment charge to the extent that the cost of the available-for-sale securities exceeds the estimated fair value of the securities and the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary. During 2016 and 2015 the Company did not record an impairment charge regarding its investment in marketable securities because management believes, based on its evaluation of the circumstances, that the decline in fair value below the cost of certain of the Company’s marketable securities is temporary.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when products are shipped, title and risk of loss pass to customers, persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement exists, and collections are reasonably assured. Any allowances for returns are taken as a reduction in sales within the same period the revenue is recognized. Such allowances are based on historical experience as well as other factors that, in the Company’s judgment, could reasonably be expected to cause sales returns or doubtful accounts to differ from historical experience.

Accounts Receivable Allowance

The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of the Company’s customers and adjusts credit limits, as determined by a review of current credit information. The Company continuously monitors collection and payments from customers and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon historical experience, the Company’s anticipation of uncollectible accounts receivable and any specific customer collection issues that have been identified. While the Company’s credit losses have historically been low and within expectations, the Company may not continue to experience the same credit loss rates that have historically been attained. The receivables are highly concentrated in a relatively small number of customers. Therefore, a significant change in the liquidity, financial position, or willingness to pay timely, or at all, of any one of the Company’s significant customers would have a significant impact on the Company’s results of operations and cash flows.

Inventory Valuation Allowance

In conjunction with the Company’s ongoing analysis of inventory valuation, management constantly monitors projected demand on a product-by-product basis. Based on these projections, management evaluates the levels of write-downs required for inventory on hand and inventory on order from contract manufacturers. Although the Company believes that it has been reasonably successful in identifying write-downs in a timely manner, sudden changes in buying patterns from customers, either due to a shift in product interest and/or a complete pull back from their expected order levels, may result in the recognition of larger-than-anticipated write-downs.

Results of Operations

Year ended December 31, 2016 compared with the year ended December 31, 2015:

Net Sales

Net sales decreased from $14,006,244 in 2015 to $10,776,867 in 2016, a decrease of $3,229,377 (23%). The overall decrease was due primarily to decreases in purchases of the Company’s personal care products by its primary distributor, ASI (see discussion below regarding “Personal care products”). Those decreases were partially offset by increases in sales of the Company’s pharmaceutical and medical (non-pharmaceutical) products (see discussions below). The net decrease was the result of the following specific changes in sales in the different product categories:

Sales of the Company's personal care products, including cosmetic ingredients, decreased from $9,922,130 in 2015 to $4,916,630 in 2016, a decrease of $5,005,500 (approximately 50%).The decrease was attributable primarily to a decrease in sales of the Company’s LUBRAJEL products to ASI, the Company’s largest marketing partner, for export to China, which was due to an excess inventory situation in China during the first nine months of 2016. As a result, sales to ASI in 2016 decreased by $4,917,649 (approximately 58%) from $8,375,331 in 2015 to $3,457,682 in 2016. Aggregate sales to the Company’s marketing partners in the UK and France increased by $153,831 (approximately 22%) from $694,409 in 2015 to $848,240 in 2016, while aggregate sales to the Company’s distributors in Italy and Switzerland decreased by $24,968 (approximately 18%) from $135,741 in 2015 to $110,773 in 2016. Sales to the Company’s distributor in Korea decreased by $199,447 (approximately 30%) from $663,327 in 2015 to $463,880 in 2016.

Although a significant percentage of ASI’s purchases from the Company are sold to foreign customers, all sales to ASI are considered U.S. sales for financial reporting purposes, since all shipments to ASI are shipped to ASI’s warehouses in the U.S. A certain percentage of those products are subsequently shipped by ASI to its foreign customers. Based on sales information provided to the Company by ASI, in 2016 approximately 70% of ASI’s sales were to customers in foreign countries, compared with 80% in 2015. ASI’s largest foreign market in both 2016 and 2015 was China, which accounted for approximately 53% of ASI’s sales in 2016 and 63% in 2015.

The decrease in sales to ASI for export to China during the first nine months of 2016 was the result of (a) a regulatory issue in China that was unrelated to LUBRAJEL OIL but which required the reformulation of some of the products that contained LUBRAJEL OIL; (b) ASI continuing to purchase LUBRAJEL OIL at normalized levels despite the negative impact of that regulatory issue on product demand, thereby resulting in a short term overstocking of LUBRAJEL OIL in China, which was made worse by ASI not realizing the extent of the overstocking situation until later than it should have. As a result, there were no significant sales to ASI of product intended for China from the fourth quarter of 2015 until September 2016 while ASI worked off the excess inventory. Based on information provided to the Company by ASI, ASI’s sales of the Company’s products in China from ASI’s inventory continued through 2016 at a reduced level, which gradually lowered ASI’s excess inventory levels. With the regulatory issue having been addressed, and with products that had been affected by the regulatory issue coming back on the market during 2016, the overstock situation in China was gradually corrected, and in September 2016 ASI resumed its purchases of products intended for sale in China. However, ASI has indicated that its purchases are expected to be at lower, more normalized volumes than they had been in the first three quarters of 2015.

Sales of the Company’s products in Europe increased slightly. However, the continuing sluggishness of many economies in Europe, as well as the strong U.S. dollar relative to the Euro, continued to negatively impact the Company’s sales in Europe, since the strong U.S. dollar continues to make the Company’s products less competitive in Europe. There has also been more competition in the European marketplace than there had been in previous years due to Asian competitors selling imitations of the Company’s product at much lower prices. This has resulted in a loss of some sales to these competitive products.

From time to time the Company offers discounts to maintain and increase sales and bring in new customers. The additional competition coming from products manufactured in China has resulted in the Company offering deeper discounts than it has in the past, and it is likely that the Company’s margins on some of its products will be lower in the future due to this increased competition.

In 2015 the Company had offered a discounted price to a significant customer of ASI in Canada for one of its LUBRAJEL products, in exchange for a commitment to purchase a specific amount of product during the year. Since that customer did not attain the level of purchases on which that rebate was conditioned, ASI was obligated to refund to the Company the amount of the discount that had been given to it predicated on it reaching that higher level of sales to that customer. The refund, in the amount of $88,360, was repaid to the Company in full in January 2016.

Sales of the Company’s two pharmaceutical products, RENACIDIN and CLORPACTIN, together increased by $1,581,913 (approximately 85%), increasing from $1,862,935 in 2015 to $3,444,848 in 2016, with RENACIDIN accounting for most of the increase. Sales of RENACIDIN increased by $1,552,585 (approximately 115%) from $1,347,545 in 2015 to $2,900,130 in 2016, and accounted for approximately 27% of the Company’s sales in 2016, as compared with 10% in 2015. The increase was due to the introduction of the Company’s new 30mL single-dose form of the product, which was approved for marketing by the FDA in December 2015. The new single-dose unit was engineered to dispense the product directly into an indwelling catheter, eliminating the need to use a separate syringe to extract a small amount of product from the Company’s previous 500mL glass bottle. Sales of the new sterile single-dose product began in April 2016. The Company is optimistic that this new, more user-friendly package will enable it to continue to increase its sales of RENACIDIN.

The increase in sales of the Company’s pharmaceutical products was partially offset by an increase of $209,303 in allowances for distribution fees, product returns, chargebacks paid to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, and rebates paid for Medicaid- and Medicare-related sales. This increase was primarily due to the increase in sales of RENACIDIN.

Sales of the Company’s medical products increased by $420,781 (approximately 19%) from $2,203,890 in 2015 to $2,624,671 in 2016. The increase is believed to be due primarily to the timing of orders from certain customers.

Sales of the Company's industrial products, as well as other miscellaneous products, decreased by $14,416 (approximately 8%) from $174,361 in 2015 to $159,945 in 2016 due to normal fluctuations in customer ordering patterns.

Gross Profit

Gross profit decreased to approximately 55% in 2016 from 63% in 2015. The decrease was the result of (a) a decrease in sales of the Company’s products in 2016 compared to 2015, which resulted in lower production efficiency due to the decreased production volume, and (b) an increase in the sales of some of the Company’s lower-margin products, primarily RENACIDIN.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses decreased by $9,457 in 2016 compared with the prior year, decreasing from $1,862,290 in 2015 to $1,852,833 in 2016. The decrease was mainly attributed to decreases in insurance, payroll, and payroll-related expenses.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses amounted to $651,828 and $648,211 for 2016 and 2015 respectively. The increase of $3,617 was primarily related to an increase in outside laboratory expenses

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (net) decreased by $25,321 (approximately 8%) from $331,826 in 2015 to $306,505 in 2016. The decrease was mainly due to a decrease in investment income from both stock and bond mutual funds, as well as realized losses from the sales of some of the Company’s mutual funds.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes decreased by $903,557 (approximately 45%) from $2,018,482 in 2016 to $1,114,925 in 2015. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease in income from operations. The Company’s effective income tax rate was approximately 30% in both 2016 and 2015, and is lower than the federal statutory rate of 34% primarily due to the additional tax deduction for domestic production activities as well as the utilization of research and development tax credits.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Working capital decreased from $13,529,593 at December 31, 2015 to $12,922,738 at December 31, 2016, a decrease of $606,855 (approximately 5%). The current ratio decreased from 14.7 to 1 at December 31, 2015 to 13.4 to 1 at December 31, 2016. The decreases in working capital and the current ratio were mainly due to a decrease in marketable securities and an increase in accrued expenses.

Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts) as of December 31,2016 increased by $663,243 (approximately 71%) from $934,754 in 2015 to $1,597,997 in 2016. The receivables turnover, or Days Sales Outstanding (DSO), for 2016 was 42 days, compared with 33 days in 2015. The increase was mainly the result of higher accounts receivables in the latter part of 2016 due to an increase in sales in the third and fourth quarter of 2016. The Company has bad debt reserves of $16,943 and $8,654 for 2016 and 2015, respectively, and believes that the net balance of its accounts receivable is fully collectable as of December 31, 2016.

The Company generated cash from operations of $2,290,444 in 2016 compared with $5,199,972 in 2015. The decrease in 2016 was primarily due to a decrease in net income and an increase in accounts receivable.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $490,235 for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared with cash used in investing activities of $1,674,250 for the year ended December 31, 2015. This increase in net cash provided was mainly due to a decrease in purchases of marketable securities in 2016 compared with 2015.

Cash used in financing activities was $3,436,867 and $4,468,616 during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The decrease was mainly due to the payment of lower dividends in 2016 compared with 2015.

The Company believes that its working capital is sufficient to support its operating requirements for the next fiscal year. The Company's long-term liquidity position will be dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient cash flow from profitable operations. The Company has no material commitments for future capital expenditures.

Off Balance-Sheet Arrangements

The Company has no off balance-sheet transactions that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The information to be reported under this item is not required of smaller reporting companies.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See Note "A" to the financial statements regarding new accounting pronouncements.

The information to be reported under this item is not required of smaller reporting companies.

Annexed hereto starting on page F-1.

None.

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, has evaluated the design, operation, and effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2016. On the basis of that evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to be, and are, effective at providing reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted pursuant to the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including its Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). The Company’s internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance to management and to the Company’s Board of Directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Company’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO 2013). Based on management’s evaluation under the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Since the Company is a non-accelerated filer, management’s report is not subject to attestation by the Company's registered public accounting firm pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. As a result, this Annual Report contains only management’s report on internal controls.

(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred in the fourth quarter of 2016 that materially affected, or would be reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

(d) Limitations of the Effectiveness of Internal Controls

The effectiveness of the Company’s system of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting is subject to certain limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing and evaluating the control system, the assumptions used in identifying the likelihood of future events, and the inability to eliminate fraud and misconduct completely. As a result, there can be no assurance that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting will detect all errors or fraud. However, the Company’s control systems have been designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and the Company’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are effective at the reasonable assurance level.

None.

PART III

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the section entitled “Directors and Executive Officers” to be contained in the Company’s 2017 Proxy Statement.

Code of Ethics

The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all officers, directors, and employees serving in any capacity to the Company, including the Chief Executive Officer and/or President, Chief Financial Officer, and Principal Accounting Officer. A copy of the Company's Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is available on the Company's web site at http://www.u-g.com/corporate. The Company intends to satisfy the disclosure requirement under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K relating to amendments to or waivers from any provision of its Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer by posting this information on the Company's web site.

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled "Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers" to be contained in the Company's 2017 Proxy Statement.

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the section entitled "Voting Securities and Principal Stockholders" to be contained in the Company's 2017 Proxy Statement.

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the section entitled “Directors and Executive Officers" to be contained in the Company's 2017 Proxy Statement.

Audit Fees

The aggregate fees that have been, or are expected to be, billed by Raich Ende Malter & Co. LLP (“Raich Ende”), the Company’s principal accountants since March 29, 2016, for the quarterly reviews of the Company’s financial statements for the first, second and third quarters of 2016 and the audit of the Company’s financial statements for the 2016 fiscal year were $68,000. The fees that were billed by the Company’s previous principal accountants, Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP (“Baker Tilly”), which resigned as the Company’s principal accountants effective March 25, 2016, for the reviews of the Company’s financial statements for the first, second, and third quarters of 2015 and the audit of the Company’s financial statements for the 2015 fiscal year were $83,000. In addition, Baker Tilly was reimbursed $964 for out-of-pocket expenses for the 2015 fiscal year.

Audit-Related Fees

During 2016 and 2015 there were no fees paid to Raich Ende or Baker Tilly in connection with the Company's compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

No other fees were billed by Raich Ende or Baker Tilly for the last two fiscal years that were reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company's financial statements and not reported under "Audit Fees" above.

Tax Fees

There were no fees billed by Raich Ende or Baker Tilly during the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered for tax compliance, tax advice, or tax planning. Accordingly, none of such services were approved pursuant to pre-approval procedures or permitted waivers thereof.

All Other Fees

There were no other non-audit-related fees billed to the Company by Raich Ende or Baker Tilly in 2016 or 2015.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

Engagement of accounting services by the Company is not made pursuant to any pre-approval policies and procedures. Rather, the Company believes that its accounting firm is independent because all of its engagements by the Company are approved by the Company's Audit Committee prior to any such engagement.

The Audit Committee of the Company's Board of Directors meets periodically to review and approve the scope of the services to be provided to the Company by its Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, as well as to review and discuss any issues that may arise during an engagement. The Audit Committee is responsible for the prior approval of every engagement of the Company's Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to perform audit and permissible non-audit services for the Company, such as quarterly financial reviews, tax matters, and consultation on new accounting and disclosure standards.

Before the auditors are engaged to provide those services, the Chief Financial Officer and Controller will make a recommendation to the Audit Committee regarding each of the services to be performed, including the fees to be charged for such services. At the request of the Audit Committee, the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and/or management shall periodically report to the Audit Committee regarding the extent of services being provided by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, and the fees for the services performed to date.

SIGNATURES

     Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

EXHIBIT INDEX

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(For the years ended

December 31, 2016 and 2015)

REPORTS OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMS

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

United-Guardian, Inc.

Hauppauge, New York

We have audited the balance sheet of United-Guardian, Inc. as of December 31, 2016, and the related statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the year then ended. United-Guardian, Inc.’s management is responsible for these financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. The financial statements of United-Guardian, Inc. as of December 31, 2015, were audited by other auditors whose report dated March 23, 2016, expressed an unqualified opinion on those statements.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the 2016 financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of United-Guardian, Inc. as of December 31, 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ RAICH ENDE MALTER & CO. LLP

Melville, New York

March 22, 2017

Board of Directors and Stockholders

United-Guardian, Inc.

Hauppauge, New York

We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of United-Guardian, Inc. (the "Company") as of December 31, 2015, and the related statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of its internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of United-Guardian, Inc. as of December 31, 2015, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles.

/s/ Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP

Melville, New York

March 23, 2016

STATEMENTS OF INCOME

STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

See Notes to Financial Statements

BALANCE SHEETS

ASSETS

See Notes to Financial Statements

BALANCE SHEETS

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

See Notes to Financial Statements

STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015

See Notes to Financial Statements

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See Notes to Financial Statements

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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