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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE INC - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549
_____________________________________ 
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017, or
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to             
Commission file number 001-15451
_____________________________________ 
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United Parcel Service, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
58-2480149
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
55 Glenlake Parkway, NE Atlanta, Georgia
 
30328
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
(Zip Code)
(404) 828-6000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
_____________________________________   
Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  þ    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  þ    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “accelerated filer”, “large accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Check one: Large accelerated filer  þ Accelerated filer  ¨ Non-accelerated filer  ¨    (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company  ¨ Emerging growth company   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  þ
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨
There were 174,673,900 Class A shares, and 687,057,463 Class B shares, with a par value of $0.01 per share, outstanding at October 24, 2017.

Table of Contents

UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 6.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements
This report includes certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements in the future tense, and all statements accompanied by terms such as “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “estimate,” “assume,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “target,” “plan,” and variations thereof and similar terms are intended to be forward-looking statements. We intend that all forward-looking statements we make will be subject to safe harbor protection of the federal securities laws pursuant to Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Our disclosure and analysis in this report, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission contain forward-looking statements regarding our intent, belief and current expectations about our strategic direction, prospects and future results. From time to time, we also provide forward-looking statements in other materials we release as well as oral forward-looking statements. Such statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events; they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made. However, caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements because such statements speak only as of the date when made.
Forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our present expectations or anticipated results. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: general economic conditions, both in the U.S. and internationally; significant competition on a local, regional, national, and international basis; changes in our relationships with our significant customers; the existing complex and stringent regulation in the U.S. and internationally, changes to which can impact our business; increased security requirements that may increase our costs of operations and reduce operating efficiencies; legal, regulatory or market responses to global climate change; negotiation and ratification of labor contracts; strikes, work stoppages and slowdowns by our employees; the effects of changing prices of energy, including gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, and interruptions in supplies of these commodities; changes in exchange rates or interest rates; our ability to maintain the image of our brand; breaches in data security; disruptions to the Internet or our technology infrastructure; interruption of our business from natural or man made disasters including terrorism; our ability to accurately forecast our future capital investment needs; exposure to changing economic, political and social developments in international and emerging markets; changes in business strategy, government regulations, or economic or market conditions that may result in substantial impairment of our assets; increases in our expenses or funding obligations relating to employee health, retiree health and/or pension benefits; the potential for various claims and litigation related to labor and employment, personal injury, property damage, business practices, environmental liability and other matters; our ability to realize the anticipated benefits from acquisitions, joint ventures or strategic alliances; our ability to manage insurance and claims expenses; and other risks discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 or described from time to time in our future reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should consider the limitations on, and risks associated with, forward-looking statements and not unduly rely on the accuracy of predictions contained in such forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances, changes in expectations, or the occurrence of unanticipated events after the date of those statements.


1
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Item 1. Financial Statements
UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
September 30, 2017 (unaudited) and December 31, 2016
(In millions)
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current Assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
3,418

 
$
3,476

Marketable securities
1,043

 
1,091

Accounts receivable, net
6,937

 
7,695

Other current assets
1,512

 
1,587

Total Current Assets
12,910

 
13,849

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
20,988

 
18,800

Goodwill
3,838

 
3,757

Intangible Assets, Net
1,897

 
1,758

Non-Current Investments and Restricted Cash
481

 
476

Deferred Income Tax Assets
318

 
591

Other Non-Current Assets
924

 
1,146

Total Assets
$
41,356

 
$
40,377

LIABILITIES AND SHAREOWNERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Current Liabilities:
 
 
 
Current maturities of long-term debt and commercial paper
$
4,555

 
$
3,681

Accounts payable
2,808

 
3,042

Accrued wages and withholdings
2,439

 
2,317

Hedge margin liabilities
48

 
575

Self-insurance reserves
713

 
670

Accrued group welfare and retirement plan contributions
640

 
598

Other current liabilities
964

 
847

Total Current Liabilities
12,167

 
11,730

Long-Term Debt
14,355

 
12,394

Pension and Postretirement Benefit Obligations
10,075

 
12,694

Deferred Income Tax Liabilities
75

 
112

Self-Insurance Reserves
1,740

 
1,794

Other Non-Current Liabilities
1,405

 
1,224

Shareowners’ Equity:
 
 
 
Class A common stock (176 and 180 shares issued in 2017 and 2016, respectively)
2

 
2

Class B common stock (687 and 689 shares issued in 2017 and 2016, respectively)
7

 
7

Additional paid-in capital
—

 
—

Retained earnings
5,724

 
4,879

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(4,224
)
 
(4,483
)
Deferred compensation obligations
37

 
45

Less: Treasury stock (1 share in 2017 and 2016)
(37
)
 
(45
)
Total Equity for Controlling Interests
1,509

 
405

Noncontrolling Interests
30

 
24

Total Shareowners’ Equity
1,539

 
429

Total Liabilities and Shareowners’ Equity
$
41,356

 
$
40,377


See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED INCOME
(In millions, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenue
$
15,978

 
$
14,928

 
$
47,043

 
$
43,975

Operating Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and benefits
8,221

 
7,857

 
24,457

 
23,448

Repairs and maintenance
398

 
386

 
1,180

 
1,150

Depreciation and amortization
572

 
554

 
1,688

 
1,661

Purchased transportation
2,652

 
2,212

 
7,461

 
6,306

Fuel
636

 
541

 
1,873

 
1,480

Other occupancy
282

 
248

 
845

 
762

Other expenses
1,182

 
1,096

 
3,504

 
3,273

Total Operating Expenses
13,943

 
12,894

 
41,008

 
38,080

Operating Profit
2,035

 
2,034

 
6,035

 
5,895

Other Income and (Expense):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment income and other
20

 
13

 
49

 
38

Interest expense
(111
)

(94
)
 
(324
)
 
(281
)
Total Other Income and (Expense)
(91
)
 
(81
)
 
(275
)
 
(243
)
Income Before Income Taxes
1,944

 
1,953

 
5,760

 
5,652

Income Tax Expense
680

 
683

 
1,954

 
1,982

Net Income
$
1,264

 
$
1,270

 
$
3,806

 
$
3,670

Basic Earnings Per Share
$
1.45

 
$
1.44

 
$
4.36

 
$
4.15

Diluted Earnings Per Share
$
1.45

 
$
1.44

 
$
4.34

 
$
4.13


STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions)
(unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net Income
$
1,264

 
$
1,270

 
$
3,806

 
$
3,670

Change in foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax
32

 
(7
)
 
86

 
(12
)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax
—

 
(1
)
 
1

 
4

Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, net of tax
(86
)
 
(64
)
 
(278
)
 
(183
)
Change in unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of tax
32

 
27

 
450

 
80

Comprehensive Income
$
1,242

 
$
1,225

 
$
4,065

 
$
3,559

                
See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(unaudited)
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
3,806

 
$
3,670

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
1,688

 
1,661

Pension and postretirement benefit expense
651

 
804

Pension and postretirement benefit contributions
(2,585
)
 
(1,298
)
Self-insurance reserves
(17
)
 
(38
)
Deferred tax (benefit) expense
295

 
(150
)
Stock compensation expense
463

 
471

Other (gains) losses
(21
)
 
(165
)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
818

 
782

Other current assets
185

 
370

Accounts payable
(411
)
 
(276
)
Accrued wages and withholdings
117

 
46

Other current liabilities
(580
)
 
(491
)
Other operating activities
9

 
(23
)
Net cash from operating activities
4,418

 
5,363

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
(3,708
)
 
(1,837
)
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment
18

 
76

Purchases of marketable securities
(1,468
)
 
(4,250
)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities
1,582

 
4,038

Net (increase) decrease in finance receivables
(1
)
 
4

Cash paid for business acquisitions, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired
(61
)
 
(3
)
Other investing activities
20

 
(55
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(3,618
)
 
(2,027
)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
 
 
 
Net change in short-term debt
(354
)
 
(689
)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings
5,328

 
4,018

Repayments of long-term borrowings
(2,450
)
 
(2,323
)
Purchases of common stock
(1,346
)
 
(2,007
)
Issuances of common stock
177

 
196

Dividends
(2,085
)
 
(1,987
)
Other financing activities
(184
)
 
11

Net cash used in financing activities
(914
)
 
(2,781
)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents
56

 
14

Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
(58
)
 
569

Cash and Cash Equivalents:
 
 
 
Beginning of period
3,476

 
2,730

End of period
$
3,418

 
$
3,299

                
See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation
In our opinion, the accompanying interim, unaudited, consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. These consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly our financial position as of September 30, 2017, our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. The results reported in these consolidated financial statements should not be regarded as necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other period or the entire year. The interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
For interim consolidated financial statement purposes, we provide for accruals under our various employee benefit plans for each three month period based on one quarter of the estimated annual expense.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, finance receivables and accounts payable approximate fair value as of September 30, 2017. The fair values of our investment securities are disclosed in note 4, our recognized multiemployer pension withdrawal liabilities in note 6, our short and long-term debt in note 8 and our derivative instruments in note 13. We utilized Level 1 inputs in the fair value hierarchy of valuation techniques to determine the fair value of our cash and cash equivalents, and Level 2 inputs to determine the fair value of our accounts receivable, finance receivables and accounts payable.
Self-Insurance Accruals
We self-insure costs associated with workers’ compensation claims, automotive liability, health and welfare and general business liabilities, up to certain limits. Insurance reserves are established for estimates of the loss that we will ultimately incur on reported claims, as well as estimates of claims that have been incurred but not yet reported. Recorded balances are based on reserve levels, which incorporate historical loss experience and judgments about the present and expected levels of cost per claim. Trends in actual experience are a significant factor in the determination of such reserves.
Workers’ compensation, automobile liability and general liability insurance claims may take several years to completely settle. Consequently, actuarial estimates are required to project the ultimate cost that will be incurred to fully resolve the claims. A number of factors can affect the actual cost of a claim, including the length of time the claim remains open, trends in healthcare costs and the results of related litigation. Furthermore, claims may emerge in future years for events that occurred in a prior year at a rate that differs from previous actuarial projections. Changes in state legislation with respect to workers' compensation can affect the adequacy of our self-insurance accruals. All of these factors can result in revisions to prior actuarial projections and produce a material difference between estimated and actual operating results. Prior to 2017, outside actuarial studies were performed semi-annually and we used the studies to estimate the liability in intervening quarters. Beginning in 2017, outside actuarial studies are now performed quarterly as we believe this provides us with better quarterly estimates of our outstanding workers' compensation liability.
We sponsor a number of health and welfare insurance plans for our employees. These liabilities and related expenses are based on estimates of the number of employees and eligible dependents covered under the plans, anticipated medical usage by participants and overall trends in medical costs and inflation.
Accounting Estimates
The preparation of the accompanying interim, unaudited, consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingencies at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates have been prepared on the basis of the most current and best information and actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 2. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
Adoption of New Accounting Standards

In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued an accounting standards update that simplified the income tax accounting and cash flow presentation related to share-based compensation by requiring the recognition of all excess tax benefits and deficiencies directly on the income statement and classification as cash flows from operating activities on the statements of consolidated cash flows. This update also made several changes to the accounting for forfeitures and employee tax withholding on share-based compensation. This new guidance became effective for us in the first quarter of 2017 and we adopted the statements of consolidated cash flows presentation on a prospective basis. The impact to income tax expense in the statements of consolidated income was a benefit of $62 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. There was no significant impact related to the adoption of the new accounting standard in the third quarter of 2017. Additionally, we have elected to continue estimating forfeitures expected to occur to determine the amount of compensation cost to be recognized each period.
Other accounting pronouncements adopted during the periods covered by the consolidated financial statements did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Effective
In August 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to enhance recognition of the economic results of hedging activities in the financial statements. In addition, this update makes certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance and increase transparency regarding the scope and results of its hedging activities. The guidance will generally be applied prospectively and becomes effective for us in the first quarter of 2019, but early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating this update to determine the full impact of its adoption but do not expect this accounting standards update to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In May 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to provide clarity and reduce complexity on when to apply modification accounting to existing share-based payment awards. The guidance will generally be applied prospectively and becomes effective for us in the first quarter of 2018, but early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating this update to determine the full impact of its adoption but do not expect this accounting standards update to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In March 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to require the premium on callable debt securities to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amortization period for callable debt securities purchased at a discount would not be impacted by the proposed update. Under current generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), premiums on callable debt securities are generally amortized over the contractual life of the security. Only in cases when an entity has a large number of similar securities is it allowed to consider estimates of principal prepayments. Amortization of the premium over the contractual life of the instrument can result in losses being recorded for the unamortized premium if the issuer exercises the call feature prior to maturity. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2019, but early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating this update to determine the full impact of its adoption but do not expect this accounting standards update to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In March 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to improve the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The update requires employers to report the current service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented separately from service cost and outside of income from operations. In accordance with the update, only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization. The guidance in this update should be applied retrospectively for the presentation of service cost and other components of net benefit cost, and prospectively for the capitalization of the service cost component in assets, and becomes effective for us in the first quarter of 2018. As a result of this update, the net amount of interest cost, prior service cost and expected return on plan assets will be presented as other income. For the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, non-service cost components amounted to a $216 and $105 million benefit ($575 and $313 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016), respectively, which was recognized in "Compensation and benefits" on the statements of consolidated income. After adoption, the non-service cost components will be recognized in "Other Income and (Expense)" on the statements of consolidated income.


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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


In January 2017, the FASB issued an accounting standards update to simplify the accounting for goodwill impairment. The update removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The standard will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2020, but early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating this update to determine the full impact of its adoption but do not expect this accounting standards update to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In November 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that is intended to reduce diversity in practice by adding or clarifying guidance on classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. The update should be applied retrospectively and becomes effective for us in the first quarter of 2018, but early adoption is permitted. As a result of this update, restricted cash will be included within cash and cash equivalents on our statements of consolidated cash flows. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we classified $123 and $310 million in restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets in "non-current investments and restricted cash", respectively.
In August 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that addresses the classification and presentation of specific cash flow issues that currently result in diverse practices. The guidance also clarifies how the predominance principle should be applied when cash receipts and cash payments have aspects of more than one class of cash flows. The guidance will generally be applied retrospectively and becomes effective for us in the first quarter of 2018, but early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our statements of consolidated cash flows, but do not expect this standard to have a material impact.     
In February 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms beyond twelve months. Although the distinction between operating and finance leases will continue to exist under the new standard, the recognition and measurement of expenses and cash flows will not change significantly from the current treatment. This new guidance requires modified retrospective application and becomes effective for us in the first quarter of 2019, but early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating this update to determine the full impact of its adoption on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows and related disclosures, as well as the impact of adoption on policies, practices and systems. As of December 31, 2016, we had $1.470 billion of future minimum operating lease commitments that are not currently recognized on our consolidated balance sheets. Therefore, we expect material changes to our consolidated balance sheets.
In January 2016, the FASB issued an accounting standards update which addresses certain aspects of the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. The amendment will be effective for us beginning the first quarter of 2018. At this time, we do not expect this accounting standards update to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In May 2014, the FASB issued an accounting standards update that changes the revenue recognition for companies that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services. The standard is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires revenue to be recognized in a manner depicting the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. The FASB has also issued a number of updates to this standard. We are planning to adopt the standard on January 1, 2018. Companies may use either a full retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adopt this standard. We expect to adopt the standard using a full retrospective approach. We are currently evaluating this standard and the related updates, including the impact of adoption on policies, practices and systems.
At this stage in our evaluation, we have determined that revenue recognition will be accelerated for the transportation businesses as the standard requires revenue to be recognized as control is transferred to the customer over time rather than upon delivery. We are currently quantifying the impact of this change to the statements of consolidated income but do not expect it to be material.
The standard also requires us to evaluate whether our businesses promise to transfer services to the customer itself (as a principal) or to arrange for services to be provided by another party (as an agent). To make that determination, the standard uses a control model rather than the risks-and-rewards model in current GAAP. Based on our evaluation of the control model, we determined that certain Supply Chain & Freight businesses act as the principal rather than the agent within their revenue arrangements. This change will require the affected businesses to report transportation revenue gross of associated purchase transportation costs rather than net of such amounts within the statements of consolidated income. We expect that this change will result in an approximately $720 million reclassification from operating expenses to revenue on the statement of consolidated income for the period ended December 31, 2016. This amount may change as we continue to evaluate other businesses.
    

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


In addition to completing our review of contracts and quantifying the impacts on the consolidated financial statements, we are currently analyzing our internal control over financial reporting framework to determine if controls should be added or modified as a result of adopting this standard. In addition, we are currently reviewing the impacts of this standard on our footnote disclosures for periods subsequent to January 1, 2018. At this stage in our review of the disclosure requirements, we expect that the adoption of this standard will result in several additional disclosures, including but not limited to additional information around our performance obligations, the timing of revenue recognition, remaining performance obligations at period end, contract assets and liabilities, and significant judgments made that impact the amount and timing of revenue from our contracts with customers.
Other accounting pronouncements issued, but not effective until after September 30, 2017, are not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.


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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 3. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
We issue employee share-based awards under the UPS Incentive Compensation Plan, which permits the grant of non-qualified and incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and stock units, and restricted performance shares and performance units, to eligible employees (restricted stock and stock units, restricted performance shares and performance units are herein referred to as "Restricted Units"). Upon vesting, Restricted Units result in the issuance of the equivalent number of UPS class A common shares after required tax withholdings. Dividends accrued on Restricted Units are reinvested in additional Restricted Units at each dividend payable date, and are subject to the same vesting and forfeiture conditions as the underlying Restricted Units upon which they are earned.
The primary compensation programs offered under the UPS Incentive Compensation Plan include the UPS Management Incentive Award program, the UPS Long-Term Incentive Performance Award program and the UPS Stock Option program. We also maintain an employee stock purchase plan which allows eligible employees to purchase shares of UPS class A common stock at a discount. Additionally, our matching contributions to the primary employee defined contribution savings plan are made in shares of UPS class A common stock.
Management Incentive Award Program ("MIP")
During the first quarter of 2017, we granted Restricted Units under MIP to certain eligible management employees. Restricted Units granted under MIP generally vest over a five-year period with approximately 20% of the award vesting on January 15th of each of the years following the grant date (except in the case of death, disability or retirement, in which case immediate vesting occurs). The entire grant is expensed on a straight-line basis (less estimated forfeitures) ratably over the requisite service period. Based on the date that the eligible management population and performance targets were approved for MIP, we determined the award measurement date to be February 7, 2017 (for U.S.-based employees), March 1, 2017 (for management committee employees) and March 27, 2017 (for international-based employees); therefore, the Restricted Units awarded were valued for stock compensation expense purposes using the closing New York Stock Exchange price of $105.69, $106.87 and $104.78 on those dates, respectively.
Long-Term Incentive Performance Award Program ("LTIP")
We award Restricted Units under LTIP to certain eligible management employees. The performance targets are equally-weighted among consolidated operating return on invested capital, growth in currency-constant consolidated revenue and total shareowner return ("RTSR") relative to a peer group of companies. These Restricted Units generally vest at the end of a three-year period (except in the case of death, disability, or retirement, in which case immediate vesting occurs on a prorated basis). The number of Restricted Units earned will be based on the percentage achievement of the performance targets established on the grant date. 
For the two-thirds of the award related to consolidated operating return on invested capital and growth in currency-constant consolidated revenue, we recognize the grant date fair value of these Restricted Units (less estimated forfeitures) as compensation expense ratably over the vesting period, based on the number of awards expected to be earned. Based on the date that the eligible management population and performance targets were approved for the 2017 LTIP Award, we determined the award measurement date to be March 24, 2017; therefore, the target Restricted Units awarded for this portion of the award were valued for stock compensation expense using the closing New York Stock Exchange price of $105.05 on that date.
The remaining one-third of the award related to RTSR is valued using a Monte Carlo model. This portion of the award was valued with a grant date fair value of $119.29 per unit and is recognized as compensation expense (less estimated forfeitures) ratably over the vesting period. 
The weighted-average assumptions used and the calculated weighted-average fair values of the RTSR portion of the LTIP awards granted in 2017 and 2016 are as follows:
 
2017
 
2016
Risk-free interest rate
1.46
%
 
1.00
%
Expected volatility
16.59
%
 
16.46
%
Weighted-average fair value of units granted
$
119.29

 
$
136.18

Share payout
113.55
%
 
129.08
%
There is no expected dividend yield as units earn dividend equivalents.


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Non-Qualified Stock Options
During the first quarter of 2017, we granted non-qualified stock option awards to a limited group of eligible senior management employees under the UPS Stock Option program. Stock option awards generally vest over a five-year period with approximately 20% of the award vesting at each anniversary date of the grant (except in the case of death, disability, or retirement, in which case immediate vesting occurs). The options granted will expire ten years after the date of the grant. In the first quarter of 2017, we granted 0.3 million stock options at a grant price of $106.87, which is based on the closing New York Stock Exchange price on March 1, 2017. In the first and third quarter of 2016, we granted 0.2 and 0.1 million stock options at a grant price of $98.77 and $106.86, respectively. The grant price was based on the closing New York Stock Exchange price on March 2, 2016 and September 16, 2016, respectively.
The fair value of each option grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The weighted-average assumptions used and the calculated weighted-average fair values of options granted in 2017 and 2016 are as follows:
 
2017
 
2016
Expected dividend yield
2.89
%
 
2.95
%
Risk-free interest rate
2.15
%
 
1.62
%
Expected life (in years)
7.5

 
7.5

Expected volatility
17.81
%
 
22.40
%
Weighted-average fair value of options granted
$
14.70

 
$
16.46


Compensation expense for share-based awards recognized in "Compensation and benefits" on the statements of consolidated income for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $118 and $125 million, respectively. Compensation expense for share-based awards recognized in "Compensation and benefits" on the statements of consolidated income for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $463 and $471 million, respectively.



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NOTE 4. INVESTMENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
The following is a summary of marketable securities classified as trading and available-for-sale as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in millions):
 
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
September 30, 2017:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current trading marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate debt securities
$
159

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
159

Carbon credit investments (1)
241

 
46

 
—

 
287

Total trading marketable securities
$
400

 
$
46

 
$
—

 
$
446

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency debt securities
$
286

 
$
—

 
$
(1
)
 
$
285

Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities
90

 
—

 
—

 
90

Corporate debt securities
210

 
1

 
—

 
211

U.S. state and local municipal debt securities
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Equity securities
2

 
—

 
—

 
2

Non-U.S. government debt securities
9

 
—

 
—

 
9

Total available-for-sale marketable securities
$
597

 
$
1

 
$
(1
)
 
$
597

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total current marketable securities
$
997

 
$
47

 
$
(1
)
 
$
1,043

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gains
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Estimated
Fair Value
December 31, 2016:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current trading marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate debt securities
$
427

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
427

Carbon credit investments (1)
80

 
10

 
—

 
90

Total trading marketable securities
$
507

 
$
10

 
$
—

 
$
517

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency debt securities
$
314

 
$
—

 
$
(2
)
 
$
312

Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities
90

 
1

 
—

 
91

Corporate debt securities
167

 
—

 
(1
)
 
166

Equity securities
2

 
—

 
—

 
2

Non-U.S. government debt securities
3

 
—

 
—

 
3

Total available-for-sale marketable securities
$
576

 
$
1

 
$
(3
)
 
$
574

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total current marketable securities
$
1,083

 
$
11

 
$
(3
)
 
$
1,091

(1) These investments are hedged with forward contracts that are not designated in hedging relationships. See Note 13 for offsetting statement of consolidated income impact.



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Investment Other-Than-Temporary Impairments
We have concluded that no material other-than-temporary impairment losses existed as of September 30, 2017. In making this determination, we considered the financial condition and prospects of the issuer, the magnitude of the losses compared with the investments’ cost, the probability that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the security, the credit rating of the security and our ability and intent to hold these investments until the anticipated recovery in market value occurs.
Maturity Information
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of marketable securities at September 30, 2017, by contractual maturity, are shown below (in millions). Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties.
 
Cost
 
Estimated
Fair Value
Due in one year or less
$
218

 
$
218

Due after one year through three years
443

 
442

Due after three years through five years
18

 
18

Due after five years
75

 
76

 
754

 
754

Equity and carbon credit investments
243

 
289

 
$
997

 
$
1,043

Non-Current Investments and Restricted Cash
Non-current investments and restricted cash is primarily associated with our self-insurance requirements. We entered into an escrow agreement with an insurance carrier to guarantee our self-insurance obligations. This agreement requires us to provide collateral to the insurance carrier, which is invested in various marketable securities. Collateral provided is reflected in "Other investing activities" in the statements of consolidated cash flows. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had $448 and $445 million in self-insurance investments and restricted cash, respectively.
We held a $19 and $18 million investment in a variable life insurance policy to fund benefits for the UPS Excess Coordinating Benefit Plan at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The quarterly change in investment fair value is recognized in "Investment income and other" on the statements of consolidated income. Additionally, we held escrowed cash related to the acquisition and disposition of certain assets, primarily real estate, of $14 and $13 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
The amounts described above are classified as “Non-Current Investments and Restricted Cash” in the consolidated balance sheets.
Fair Value Measurements
Marketable securities utilizing Level 1 inputs include active exchange-traded equity securities and equity index funds, and most U.S. government debt securities, as these securities all have quoted prices in active markets. Marketable securities utilizing Level 2 inputs include asset-backed securities, corporate bonds and municipal bonds. These securities are valued using market corroborated pricing, matrix pricing or other models that utilize observable inputs such as yield curves.
We maintain holdings in certain investment partnerships that are measured at fair value utilizing Level 3 inputs (classified as “Other non-current investments” in the tables below, and as “Other Non-Current Assets” in the consolidated balance sheets). These partnership holdings do not have quoted prices, nor can they be valued using inputs based on observable market data. These investments are valued internally using a discounted cash flow model with two significant inputs: (1) the after-tax cash flow projections for each partnership, and (2) a risk-adjusted discount rate consistent with the duration of the expected cash flows for each partnership. The weighted-average discount rates used to value these investments were 7.78% and 8.06% as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. These inputs, and the resulting fair values, are updated on a quarterly basis.

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The following table presents information about our investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value (in millions):
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Balance 
September 30, 2017:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketable Securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency debt securities
$
285

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
285

Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities
—

 
90

 
—

 
90

Corporate debt securities
21

 
349

 
—

 
370

Equity securities
—

 
2

 
—

 
2

Non-U.S. government debt securities
—

 
9

 
—

 
9

Carbon credit investments
287

 
—

 
—

 
287

Total marketable securities
593

 
450

 
—

 
1,043

Other non-current investments
19

 
—

 
8

 
27

Total
$
612

 
$
450

 
$
8

 
$
1,070

December 31, 2016:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketable Securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agency debt securities
$
312

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
312

Mortgage and asset-backed debt securities
—

 
91

 
—

 
91

Corporate debt securities
—

 
593

 
—

 
593

Equity securities
—

 
2

 
—

 
2

Non-U.S. government debt securities
—

 
3

 
—

 
3

Carbon credit investments
90

 
—

 
—

 
90

Total marketable securities
402

 
689

 
—

 
1,091

Other non-current investments
18

 
—

 
13

 
31

Total
$
420

 
$
689

 
$
13

 
$
1,122



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The following table presents the changes in the above Level 3 instruments measured on a recurring basis for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in millions):    
 
Marketable
Securities
 
Other
Non-Current
Investments
 
Total
Balance on July 1, 2017
$
—

 
$
9

 
$
9

Transfers into (out of) Level 3
—

 
—

 
—

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses):
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings (in investment income and other)
—

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Included in accumulated other comprehensive income (pre-tax)
—

 
—

 
—

Purchases
—

 
—

 
—

Sales
—

 
—

 
—

Balance on September 30, 2017
$
—

 
$
8

 
$
8

 
Marketable
Securities
 
Other
Non-Current
Investments
 
Total
Balance on July 1, 2016
$
—

 
$
22

 
$
22

Transfers into (out of) Level 3
—

 
—

 
—

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses):
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings (in investment income and other)
—

 
(4
)
 
(4
)
Included in accumulated other comprehensive income (pre-tax)
—

 
—

 
—

Purchases
—

 
—

 
—

Sales
—

 
—

 
—

Balance on September 30, 2016
$
—

 
$
18

 
$
18


















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The following table presents the changes in the above Level 3 instruments measured on a recurring basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in millions):    
 
Marketable
Securities
 
Other
Investments
 
Total
Balance on January 1, 2017
$
—

 
13

 
13

Transfers into (out of) Level 3
—

 
—

 
—

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses):
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings (in investment income and other)
—

 
(5
)
 
(5
)
Included in accumulated other comprehensive income (pre-tax)
—

 
—

 
—

Purchases
—

 
—

 
—

Sales
—

 
—

 
—

Balance on September 30, 2017
$
—

 
$
8

 
$
8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketable
Securities
 
Other
Investments
 
Total
Balance on January 1, 2016
$
—

 
32

 
32

Transfers into (out of) Level 3
—

 
—

 
—

Net realized and unrealized gains (losses):
 
 
 
 
 
Included in earnings (in investment income and other)
—

 
(14
)
 
(14
)
Included in accumulated other comprehensive income (pre-tax)
—

 
—

 
—

Purchases
—

 
—

 
—

Sales
—

 
—

 
—

Balance on September 30, 2016
$
—

 
$
18


$
18

There were no transfers of investments between Level 1 and Level 2 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.


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NOTE 5. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant and equipment as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consist of the following (in millions):
 
2017
 
2016
Vehicles
$
9,124

 
$
8,638

Aircraft
15,708

 
15,653

Land
1,568

 
1,397

Buildings
3,789

 
3,439

Building and leasehold improvements
3,796

 
3,612

Plant equipment
8,850

 
8,430

Technology equipment
1,858

 
1,741

Equipment under operating leases
29

 
29

Construction-in-progress
2,482

 
735

 
47,204

 
43,674

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
(26,216
)
 
(24,874
)
 
$
20,988

 
$
18,800

 
We continually monitor our aircraft fleet utilization in light of current and projected volume levels, aircraft fuel prices and other factors. Additionally, we monitor our other property, plant and equipment categories for any indicators that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. No impairment charges on property, plant and equipment were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.





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NOTE 6. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Company-Sponsored Benefit Plans
Information about net periodic benefit cost for our company-sponsored pension and postretirement benefit plans is as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in millions):
 
U.S. Pension Benefits
 
U.S. Postretirement
Medical Benefits
 
International
Pension Benefits
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Three Months Ended September 30:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service cost
$
382

 
$
353

 
$
7

 
$
7

 
$
15

 
$
12

Interest cost
445

 
457

 
28

 
32

 
10

 
10

Expected return on assets
(730
)
 
(629
)
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
 
(17
)
 
(15
)
Amortization of prior service cost
48

 
41

 
1

 
1

 
1

 
—

Net periodic benefit cost
$
145

 
$
222

 
$
34

 
$
38

 
$
9

 
$
7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Pension Benefits
 
U.S. Postretirement
Medical Benefits
 
International
Pension Benefits
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Nine Months Ended September 30:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service cost
$
1,161

 
$
1,059

 
$
21

 
$
21

 
$
44

 
$
37

Interest cost
1,369

 
1,371

 
84

 
92

 
30

 
31

Expected return on assets
(2,154
)
 
(1,887
)
 
(5
)
 
(4
)
 
(49
)
 
(44
)
Amortization of prior service cost
144

 
125

 
5

 
3

 
1

 
—

Net periodic benefit cost
$
520

 
$
668

 
$
105

 
$
112

 
$
26

 
$
24

During the first nine months of 2017, we contributed $2.359 billion and $226 million to our company-sponsored pension and U.S. postretirement medical benefit plans, respectively. We currently expect to contribute $18 and $15 million over the remainder of the year to the pension and U.S. postretirement medical benefit plans, respectively. Subject to market conditions, we continually evaluate opportunities for additional discretionary pension contributions.
Plan Amendments and Curtailments
The UPS Retirement Plan was closed to new non-union participants effective July 1, 2016. In the quarter ended June 30, 2017, we amended the UPS Retirement Plan and the UPS Excess Coordinating Benefit Plan (single-employer defined benefit pension plans sponsored by UPS) to cease accruals of additional benefits for future service and compensation for non-union participants effective January 1, 2023. We remeasured plan assets and pension benefit obligations for the affected pension plans as of June 30, 2017, resulting in a net actuarial gain of $569 million. This reflected a curtailment gain of $1.525 billion resulting from the benefit plan changes that was partially offset by net actuarial losses of $956 million, driven by a reduction of approximately 32 basis points in the discount rate compared to December 31, 2016, offset by actual assets returns approximately 275 basis points above our expected return as of the remeasurement date. The net curtailment gain reduced the actuarial loss recorded in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss" in the equity section of the consolidated balance sheet. As actuarial losses were within the corridor (defined as 10% of the greater of the fair value of plan assets and the plan's projected benefit obligation), there was no impact to the statement of consolidated income for the quarter ended June 30, 2017.
Effective July 1, 2016, the Company amended the UPS 401(k) Savings Plan so that employees who would have been eligible for participation in the UPS Retirement Plan instead began earning a UPS Retirement Contribution. For employees eligible to receive the Retirement Contribution, UPS contributes 3% to 8% of eligible pay to the UPS 401(k) Savings Plan based on years of vesting service and business unit. Contributions are made annually in cash to the accounts of participants who are employed on December 31st of each calendar year.

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Effective June 23, 2017, the Company amended the UPS 401(k) Savings Plan so that non-union employees who currently participate in the UPS Retirement Plan will, in addition to current benefits under the UPS 401(k) Savings Plan, earn a UPS Retirement Contribution beginning January 1, 2023. UPS will contribute 5% to 8% of eligible compensation to the UPS 401(k) Savings Plan based on years of vesting service. The amendment also provides for transition contributions for certain participants. There was no impact to the statement of consolidated income for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 as a result of the above changes.
Multiemployer Benefit Plans
We contribute to a number of multiemployer defined benefit and health and welfare plans under terms of collective bargaining agreements that cover our union-represented employees. Our current collective bargaining agreements set forth the annual contribution increases allotted to the plans that we participate in, and we are in compliance with these contribution rates. These limitations on annual contribution rates will remain in effect throughout the terms of the existing collective bargaining agreements.
As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 we had $861 and $866 million, respectively, recorded in "Other Non-Current Liabilities," as well as $7 and $6 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, recorded in "Other current liabilities," on our consolidated balance sheets associated with our previous withdrawal from a multiemployer pension plan. This liability is payable in equal monthly installments over a remaining term of approximately 45 years. Based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for long-term financing of a similar maturity, the fair value of this withdrawal liability as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was $891 and $861 million, respectively. We utilized Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy of valuation techniques to determine the fair value of this liability.
UPS was a contributing employer to the Central States Pension Fund (“CSPF”) until 2007 when we withdrew from the plan and fully funded our allocable share of unfunded vested benefits by paying a $6.1 billion withdrawal liability. Under a collective bargaining agreement with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (“IBT”), UPS agreed to provide coordinating benefits in the UPS/IBT Full Time Employee Pension Plan (“UPS/IBT Plan”) for UPS participants whose last employer was UPS and who had not retired as of January 1, 2008 (“the UPS Transfer Group”) in the event that benefits are lawfully reduced by the CSPF in the future consistent with the terms of our withdrawal agreement with the CSPF.
In December 2014, Congress passed the Multiemployer Pension Reform Act (“MPRA”), which for the first time ever allowed multiemployer pension plans to reduce benefit payments to retirees, subject to specific guidelines in the statute and government approval. In September 2015, the CSPF submitted a proposed pension benefit reduction plan to the U.S. Department of the Treasury under the MPRA. The CSPF plan proposed to reduce retirement benefits to the CSPF participants, including the UPS Transfer Group. We vigorously challenged the proposed benefit reduction plan because we believed that it did not comply with the law and that the CSPF failed to comply with its contractual obligation to obtain our consent to reduce benefits to the UPS Transfer Group under the terms of the withdrawal agreement with the CSPF. On May 6, 2016, the U.S. Department of the Treasury rejected the proposed plan submitted by the CSPF, stating that it failed to satisfy a number of requirements set forth in the MPRA.
The CSPF has asserted that it will become insolvent in 2025 which could lead to the reduction of retirement benefits. Although there are numerous factors that could affect the CSPF’s funding status, if the CSPF were to become insolvent as they have projected, UPS may be required to provide coordinating benefits, thereby increasing the current projected benefit obligation for the UPS/IBT Plan by approximately $4 billion. The CSPF has said that it believes a legislative solution to its funding status is necessary, and we expect that the CSPF will continue to explore options to avoid insolvency.
The potential obligation to pay coordinating benefits from the UPS/IBT Plan is subject to a number of significant uncertainties, including actions that may be taken by the CSPF, the federal government or others. These actions include whether the CSPF will submit a revised pension benefit reduction plan or otherwise seek federal government assistance, the extent to which benefits are paid by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation and our ability to successfully defend our legal positions, as well as the effect of discount rates and various other actuarial assumptions.

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We account for this potential obligation under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 715- Compensation- Retirement Benefits (“ASC 715”). Under ASC 715 we are required to provide a best estimate of various actuarial assumptions, including the eventual outcome of this matter, in measuring our pension benefit obligation at the December 31st measurement date. While we currently believe the most likely solution to this matter and the broader systemic problems facing multiemployer pension plans is intervention by the federal government, ASC 715 does not permit anticipation of changes in law in making a best estimate of pension liabilities. Our best estimate as of the measurement date of December 31, 2016 does not incorporate this solution. Rather, our best estimate of the next most likely outcome to resolve the CSPF’s solvency concerns is that the CSPF will make another MPRA filing to forestall insolvency without reducing benefits to the UPS Transfer Group. If the CSPF attempts to reduce benefits for the UPS Transfer Group under a MPRA filing we would be in a strong legal position to prevent that from occurring given that these benefits cannot be reduced without our consent and such a reduction, without first exhausting reductions to other groups in the CSPF, would be contrary to the statute. Accordingly, our best estimate as of the measurement date of December 31, 2016 is that there is no liability to be recognized for additional coordinating benefits of the UPS/IBT Plan. However, the projected benefit obligation could materially increase as these uncertainties are resolved. We will continue to assess the impact of these uncertainties on the projected benefit obligation of the UPS/IBT Plan in accordance with ASC 715.
Collective Bargaining Agreements
As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately 268,000 employees employed under a national master agreement and various supplemental agreements with local unions affiliated with the Teamsters. During 2014, the Teamsters ratified a new national master agreement (“NMA”) with UPS that will expire on July 31, 2018. The economic provisions in the NMA included wage rate increases, as well as increased contribution rates for healthcare and pension benefits.
We have approximately 2,600 pilots who are employed under a collective bargaining agreement with the Independent Pilots Association ("IPA"). During 2016, the IPA members voted to ratify a new five-year labor contract. Terms of the agreement became effective September 1, 2016 and run through September 1, 2021. The economic provisions in the agreement included pay increases, a signing bonus and enhanced pension benefits.
Our airline mechanics are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with Teamsters Local 2727, which became amendable November 1, 2013. We are currently in negotiations with Teamsters Local 2727. In addition, approximately 3,000 of our auto and maintenance mechanics who are not employed under agreements with the Teamsters are employed under collective bargaining agreements with the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (“IAM”) that will expire on July 31, 2019.

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NOTE 7. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table indicates the allocation of goodwill by reportable segment as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in millions):
 
U.S. Domestic
Package
 
International
Package
 
Supply Chain &
Freight
 
Consolidated
December 31, 2016:
$
715

 
$
407

 
$
2,635

 
$
3,757

Acquired
—

 
18

 
25

 
43

Currency / Other
—

 
14

 
24

 
38

September 30, 2017:
$
715

 
$
439

 
$
2,684

 
$
3,838

The goodwill acquired in the Supply Chain & Freight segment was predominately related to our January 2017 acquisition of Freightex Ltd. ("Freightex"), a U.K.-based asset-light provider of truckload, less-than truckload and specialized over-the-road services. The acquisition of Freightex was paid for with cash from operations. The acquisition of Freightex was not material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations. The remaining goodwill acquired in the Supply Chain & Freight segment was related to other, smaller acquisitions immaterial to our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
The goodwill acquired in the International Package segment was related to our June 2017 acquisition of Eirpost Group Unlimited Company ("Nightline"), an Ireland-based express delivery and logistics company. The acquisition of Nightline was paid for with cash from operations. The acquisition of Nightline was not material to our consolidated financial position or results of operations.
In December 2016, we acquired Maze 1 Limited ("Marken"), a global provider of supply chain solutions to the life sciences industry and leader in clinical trials material storage and distribution, for approximately $570 million. As of September 30, 2017, we had no material changes to our estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The financial results of Marken are included in the Supply Chain & Freight segment from the date of acquisition and were not material to our results of operations.
The estimates of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are subject to change based on the completion of purchase accounting. The purchase price allocation for acquired companies can be modified for up to one year from the date of acquisition.
The remaining change in goodwill for both the International Package and Supply Chain & Freight segments was due to immaterial purchase accounting adjustments and the impact of changes in the value of the U.S. Dollar on the translation of non-U.S. Dollar goodwill balances.
Goodwill Impairment and Annual Assessment Date Change
During the third quarter of 2017, we changed the measurement date of our annual goodwill impairment test from October 1st to July 1st. This change better aligns the timing of the goodwill impairment test with our long-term business planning process. The change was not material to our consolidated financial statements as it did not result in the delay, acceleration or avoidance of an impairment charge.
We completed our annual goodwill impairment valuation for all reporting units and indefinite lived intangible assets as of July 1, 2017, and determined that goodwill is not impaired. We will continue to monitor each reporting unit for triggering events that might require an update to our annual impairment evaluation between the annual assessment date and December 31, 2017. There were no triggering events identified during the third quarter of 2017.







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The following is a summary of intangible assets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (in millions):
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net Carrying
Value
September 30, 2017:
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalized software
$
3,192

 
$
(2,269
)
 
$
923

Licenses
165

 
(71
)
 
94

Franchise rights
128

 
(95
)
 
33

Customer relationships
751

 
(141
)
 
610

Trade name
200

 
—

 
200

Trademarks, patents and other
72

 
(35
)
 
37

Total Intangible Assets, Net
$
4,508


$
(2,611
)
 
$
1,897

December 31, 2016:
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalized software
$
2,933

 
$
(2,157
)
 
$
776

Licenses
131

 
(70
)
 
61

Franchise rights
128

 
(90
)
 
38

Customer relationships
724

 
(85
)
 
639

Trade name
200

 
—

 
200

Trademarks, patents and other
67

 
(23
)
 
44

Total Intangible Assets, Net
$
4,183

 
$
(2,425
)
 
$
1,758


As of September 30, 2017, we had a trade name with a carrying value of $200 million and licenses with a carrying value of $5 million, which are deemed to be indefinite-lived intangible assets and are included in the table above.


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NOTE 8. DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
The carrying value of our outstanding debt as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consists of the following (in millions):
 
Principal
Amount
 
 
 
Carrying Value
 
 
Maturity
 
2017
 
2016
Commercial paper
$
4,120

 
2017-2018
 
$
4,120

 
$
3,250

Fixed-rate senior notes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.125% senior notes
375

 
2017
 
375

 
374

5.50% senior notes
750

 
2018
 
755

 
769

5.125% senior notes
1,000

 
2019
 
1,027

 
1,043

3.125% senior notes
1,500

 
2021
 
1,567

 
1,584

2.40% senior notes
500

 
2026
 
497

 
497

2.45% senior notes
1,000

 
2022
 
989

 
986

2.35% senior notes
600

 
2022
 
596

 
—

6.20% senior notes
1,500

 
2038
 
1,482

 
1,481

4.875% senior notes
500

 
2040
 
489

 
489

3.625% senior notes
375

 
2042
 
368

 
367

3.40% senior notes
500

 
2046
 
491

 
491

Floating rate senior notes
400

 
2022
 
398

 
—

8.375% Debentures:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8.375% debentures
424

 
2020
 
453

 
461

8.375% debentures
276

 
2030
 
282

 
282

Pound Sterling notes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.50% notes
89

 
2031
 
84

 
76

5.125% notes
609

 
2050
 
582

 
535

Euro senior notes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.625% notes
827

 
2025
 
822

 
732

1.00% notes
591

 
2028
 
587

 
523

Floating rate senior notes
591

 
2020
 
589

 
525

Canadian senior notes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.125% notes
603

 
2024
 
600

 
—

Floating rate senior notes
979

 
2049-2067
 
969

 
824

Capital lease obligations
450

 
2017-3005
 
450

 
447

Facility notes and bonds
320

 
2029-2045
 
320

 
319

Other debt
18

 
2017-2022
 
18

 
20

Total debt
$
18,897

 
 
 
18,910

 
16,075

Less: Current maturities
 
 
 
 
(4,555
)
 
(3,681
)
Long-term debt
 
 
 
 
$
14,355

 
$
12,394

Debt Classification
We have classified our 5.50% senior notes due January 2018 with a principal balance of $750 million as a long-term liability, based on our intent and ability to refinance the debt as of September 30, 2017. We have also classified certain floating rate senior notes that are putable by the note holders as a long-term liability, due to our intent and ability to refinance the debt if the put option is exercised by the note holders.

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Debt Issuances
In March, we issued floating rate senior notes in principal amount of $147 million. These notes bear interest at three-month LIBOR less 30 basis points and mature in 2067. These notes are callable at various times after 30 years at a stated percentage of par value, and putable by the note holders at various times after one year at a stated percentage of par value.
On May 16, 2017 we issued U.S. senior rate notes. These senior notes consist of two separate series, as follows:
•
Two series of notes, in the principle amounts of $600 and $400 million, were issued. These notes bear interest at a 2.35% fixed rate and at a three-month LIBOR plus 38 basis points, respectively, and mature May 2022. Interest on the fixed rate senior notes will be paid semi-annually, beginning November 2017. Interest on the floating rate senior notes will be paid quarterly beginning August 2017. The 2.35% notes are callable at our option at a redemption price equal to the greater of 100% of the principal amount, or the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments of principal and interest thereon discounted to the redemption date on a semi-annual basis at the discount rate of the treasury rate plus 10 basis points and accrued interest. The floating rate senior notes are not callable.
On May 18, 2017 we issued Canadian senior notes. These senior notes consist of a single series as follows:
•
Notes in the principal amount of C$750 million ($547 million), which bear interest at a 2.125% fixed interest rate and mature May 2024. Interest on the notes is payable semi-annually beginning November 2017. The notes are callable at our option, in whole or in part at the Government of Canada yield plus 21.5 basis points, and on or after the par call date, at par value.
Commercial Paper
We are authorized to borrow up to $10.0 billion under a U.S. commercial paper program and €5.0 billion (in a variety of currencies) under a European commercial paper program. We had the following amounts outstanding under these programs as of September 30, 2017: $2.775 billion with an average interest rate of 1.07% and €1.139 billion ($1.345 billion) with an average interest rate of -0.41%. As of September 30, 2017, we have classified the entire commercial paper balance as a current liability on our consolidated balance sheet.
Sources of Credit
We maintain two credit agreements with a consortium of banks. One of these agreements provides revolving credit facilities of $1.5 billion, and expires on March 23, 2018. Generally, amounts outstanding under this facility bear interest at a periodic fixed rate equal to LIBOR for the applicable interest period and currency denomination, plus an applicable margin. Alternatively, a fluctuating rate of interest equal to the highest of (1) JPMorgan Chase Bank’s publicly announced prime rate; (2) the Federal Funds effective rate plus 0.50%; and (3) LIBOR for a one month interest period plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin, may be used at our discretion. In each case, the applicable margin for advances bearing interest based on LIBOR is a percentage determined by quotations from Markit Group Ltd. for our 1-year credit default swap spread, subject to a minimum rate of 0.10% and a maximum rate of 0.75%. The applicable margin for advances bearing interest based on the prime rate is 1.00% below the applicable margin for LIBOR advances (but not lower than 0.00%). We are also able to request advances under this facility based on competitive bids for the applicable interest rate. There were no amounts outstanding under this facility as of September 30, 2017.
The second agreement provides revolving credit facilities of $3.0 billion, and expires on March 24, 2022. Generally, amounts outstanding under this facility bear interest at a periodic fixed rate equal to LIBOR for the applicable interest period and currency denomination, plus an applicable margin. Alternatively, a fluctuating rate of interest equal to the highest of (1) JPMorgan Chase Bank’s publicly announced prime rate; (2) the Federal Funds effective rate plus 0.50%; and (3) LIBOR for a one month interest period plus 1.00%, plus an applicable margin, may be used at our discretion. In each case, the applicable margin for advances bearing interest based on LIBOR is a percentage determined by quotations from Markit Group Ltd. for our 1-year credit default swap spread, interpolated for a period from the date of determination of such credit default swap spread in connection with a new interest period until the latest maturity date of this facility then in effect (but not less than a period of one year). The minimum applicable margin rate is 0.10% and the maximum applicable margin rate is 0.75% per annum. The applicable margin for advances bearing interest based on the prime rate is 1.00% below the applicable margin for LIBOR advances (but not less than 0.00%). We are also able to request advances under this facility based on competitive bids. There were no amounts outstanding under this facility as of September 30, 2017.


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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Debt Covenants
Our existing debt instruments and credit facilities subject us to certain financial covenants. As of September 30, 2017 and for all prior periods presented, we have satisfied these financial covenants. These covenants limit the amount of secured indebtedness that we may incur, and limit the amount of attributable debt in sale-leaseback transactions, to 10% of net tangible assets. As of September 30, 2017, 10% of net tangible assets was equivalent to $2.345 billion; however, we have no covered sale-leaseback transactions or secured indebtedness outstanding. We do not expect these covenants to have a material impact on our financial condition or liquidity.
Fair Value of Debt
Based on the borrowing rates currently available to the Company for long-term debt with similar terms and maturities, the fair value of long-term debt, including current maturities, was approximately $19.746 and $17.134 billion as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. We utilized Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy of valuation techniques to determine the fair value of all of our debt instruments.



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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 9. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND CONTINGENCIES
We are involved in a number of judicial proceedings and other matters arising from the conduct of our business activities.

Although there can be no assurance as to the ultimate outcome, we have generally denied, or believe we have a meritorious defense and will deny, liability in all litigation pending against us, including (except as otherwise noted herein) the matters described below, and we intend to defend vigorously each case. We have accrued for legal claims when, and to the extent that, amounts associated with the claims become probable and can be reasonably estimated. The actual costs of resolving legal claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts accrued for those claims.
For those matters as to which we are not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss, we are not able to determine whether the loss will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations or liquidity. For matters in this category, we have indicated in the descriptions that follow the reasons that we are unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss.
Judicial Proceedings
We are a defendant in a number of lawsuits filed in state and federal courts containing various class action allegations under state wage-and-hour laws. At this time, we do not believe that any loss associated with these matters would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
UPS and our subsidiary The UPS Store, Inc. are defendants in Morgate v. The UPS Store, Inc. et al., an action in the Los Angeles Superior Court brought on behalf of a certified class of all franchisees who chose to rebrand their Mail Boxes Etc. franchises to The UPS Store in March 2003. Plaintiff alleges that UPS and The UPS Store, Inc. misrepresented and omitted facts to the class about the market tests that were conducted before offering the class the choice of whether to rebrand to The UPS Store. Defendants’ motion to decertify the class was granted in August 2017. The plaintiff has filed a notice of appeal, and further proceedings in the trial court are stayed pending resolution by the California Court of Appeal. There are multiple factors that prevent us from being able to estimate the amount of loss, if any, that may result from the remaining aspects of this case, including: (1) we are vigorously defending ourselves and believe we have a number of meritorious legal defenses; (2) it remains uncertain what evidence of damages, if any, plaintiffs will be able to present; and (3) plaintiff’s notice of appeal is pending. Accordingly, at this time, we are not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss that may result from this matter or to determine whether such loss, if any, would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
In AFMS LLC v. UPS and FedEx Corporation, a lawsuit filed in federal court in the Central District of California in August 2010, the plaintiff asserts that UPS and FedEx violated U.S. antitrust law by conspiring to refuse to negotiate with third-party negotiators retained by shippers and by individually imposing policies that prevent shippers from using such negotiators. The Court granted summary judgment motions filed by UPS and FedEx, entered judgment in favor of UPS and FedEx, and dismissed the case. Plaintiff appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. In August 2017, the Ninth Circuit affirmed the District Court's order dismissing the case. AFMS filed a petition for rehearing in September 2017, which was denied. The Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) opened a civil investigation of our policies and practices for dealing with third-party negotiators. We have cooperated with this investigation, although the DOJ has not communicated with us for over five years. We deny any liability with respect to these matters and intend to vigorously defend ourselves in the event that any of these proceedings were to continue. There are multiple factors that prevent us from being able to estimate the amount of loss, if any, that may result from these matters including: (1) the DOJ investigation may be pending; and (2) AFMS may seek discretionary review by the U.S. Supreme Court. If AFMS does not seek discretionary review or it is denied, its case is concluded. Accordingly, at this time, we are not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss that may result from these matters or to determine whether such loss, if any, would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
We are a defendant in Ryan Wright and Julia Zislin v. United Parcel Service Canada Ltd., an action brought on behalf of a certified class of customers in the Superior Court of Justice in Ontario, Canada. Plaintiffs filed suit in February 2007, alleging inadequate disclosure concerning the existence and cost of brokerage services provided by us under applicable provincial consumer protection legislation and infringement of interest restriction provisions under the Criminal Code of Canada. Partial summary judgment was granted to us and the plaintiffs by the Ontario motions court in August 2011, when it dismissed plaintiffs' complaint under the Criminal Code and granted plaintiffs' complaint of inadequate disclosure. We appealed the Court's decision pertaining to inadequate disclosure in September 2011. In October 2017, we reached an agreement in principle to resolve the case for an immaterial amount. Final resolution of this matter is subject to the negotiation, execution and delivery of a settlement agreement and court approval.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


In February 2015, the State and City of New York filed suit against UPS in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, arising from alleged shipments of cigarettes to New York State and City residents. The complaint asserted claims under various federal and state laws. The complaint also included a claim that UPS violated the Assurance of Discontinuance it entered into with the New York Attorney General in 2005 concerning cigarette deliveries. On March 24, 2017, the District Court issued an opinion and order finding liability against UPS on each of the plaintiffs’ causes of action. On May 25, 2017, the District Court issued a corrected opinion and order on liability and an order awarding the plaintiffs damages of $9.4 million and penalties of $237.6 million. An accrual of $9.4 million with respect to the damages awarded by the court is included on our consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2017. We estimate that the amount of losses could be up to $247 million, plus interest; however, the amount of penalties ultimately payable, if any, is subject to a variety of complex factors and potential outcomes that remain to be determined in future legal proceedings. Consequently, we are unable to reasonably estimate a likely amount of loss within that range. We strongly disagree with the District Court’s analysis and conclusions, and have appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. UPS filed its opening brief with the Appellate Court in October 2017.
Other Matters
In October 2015, the DOJ informed us of an industry-wide inquiry into the transportation of mail under the United States Postal Service ("USPS") International Commercial Air contracts. In October 2017, we received a Civil Investigative Demand seeking certain information relating to our contracts. The DOJ has indicated it is investigating potential violations of the False Claims Act or other statutes. We are cooperating with the DOJ. The Company is unable to predict what action, if any, might be taken in the future by any government authorities as a result of their investigation. Accordingly, at this time, we are not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss that may result from this matter or to determine whether such loss, if any, would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
In August 2016, Spain’s National Markets and Competition Commission (“CNMC”) opened an investigation into 10 companies in the commercial delivery and parcel industry, including UPS, related to alleged nonaggression agreements to allocate customers. In May 2017, UPS received a Statement of Objections issued by the CNMC. In July 2017, UPS received a Decision Proposal from the CNMC. These documents do not prejudge the final decision (which is subject to appeal) as to facts or law. There are multiple factors that prevent us from being able to estimate the amount of loss, if any, that may result from this matter, including: (1) we are vigorously defending ourselves and believe that we have a number of meritorious legal defenses; and (2) there are unresolved questions of law and fact that could be important to the ultimate resolution of this matter. Accordingly, at this time, we are not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss that may result from this matter or to determine whether such loss, if any, would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
We are a defendant in various other lawsuits that arose in the normal course of business. We do not believe that the eventual resolution of these other lawsuits (either individually or in the aggregate), including any reasonably possible losses in excess of current accruals, will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

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NOTE 10. SHAREOWNERS' EQUITY
Capital Stock, Additional Paid-In Capital and Retained Earnings
We maintain two classes of common stock, which are distinguished from each other primarily by their respective voting rights. Class A shares are entitled to 10 votes per share, whereas class B shares are entitled to one vote per share. Class A shares are primarily held by UPS employees and retirees, and these shares are fully convertible on a one-to-one basis into class B shares at any time. Class B shares are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “UPS”. Class A and B shares both have a $0.01 par value, and as of September 30, 2017, there were 4.6 billion class A shares and 5.6 billion class B shares authorized to be issued. Additionally, there are 200 million preferred shares, with a $0.01 par value, authorized to be issued. As of September 30, 2017, no preferred shares had been issued.
 
The following is a rollforward of our common stock, additional paid-in capital and retained earnings accounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in millions, except per share amounts):
 
2017
 
2016
 
Shares
 
Dollars
 
Shares
 
Dollars
Class A Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
180

 
$
2

 
194

 
$
2

Common stock purchases
(3
)
 
—

 
(4
)
 
—

Stock award plans
4

 
—

 
5

 
—

Common stock issuances
2

 
—

 
2

 
—

Conversions of class A to class B common stock
(7
)
 
—

 
(12
)
 
—

Class A shares issued at end of period
176

 
$
2

 
185

 
$
2

Class B Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
689

 
$
7

 
693

 
$
7

Common stock purchases
(9
)
 
—

 
(16
)
 
—

Conversions of class A to class B common stock
7

 
—

 
12

 
—

Class B shares issued at end of period
687

 
$
7

 
689

 
$
7

Additional Paid-In Capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
 
$
—

 
 
 
$
—

Stock award plans
 
 
283

 
 
 
423

Common stock purchases
 
 
(604
)
 
 
 
(811
)
Common stock issuances
 
 
268

 
 
 
233

Option premiums received (paid)
 
 
53

 
 
 
155

Balance at end of period
 
 
$
—

 
 
 
$
—

Retained Earnings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
 
$
4,879

 
 
 
$
6,001

Net income attributable to common shareowners
 
 
3,806

 
 
 
3,670

Dividends ($2.49 and $2.34 per share)
 
 
(2,213
)
 
 
 
(2,093
)
Common stock purchases
 
 
(748
)
 
 
 
(1,193
)
Balance at end of period
 
 
$
5,724

 
 
 
$
6,385

We repurchased 12.3 million shares of class A and class B common stock for $1.352 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 19.3 million shares for $2.004 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. In May 2016, the Board of Directors approved a share repurchase authorization of $8.0 billion, which has no expiration date. As of September 30, 2017, we had $4.803 billion of this share repurchase authorization available.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


From time to time, we enter into share repurchase programs with large financial institutions to assist in our buyback of company stock. These programs allow us to repurchase our shares at a price below the weighted average UPS share price for a given period. During the third quarter of 2017, we did not enter into any accelerated share repurchase transactions.
In order to lower the average cost of acquiring shares in our ongoing share repurchase program, we periodically enter into structured repurchase agreements involving the use of capped call options for the purchase of UPS class B shares. We pay a fixed sum of cash upon execution of each agreement in exchange for the right to receive either a pre-determined amount of cash or stock. Upon expiration of each agreement, if the closing market price of our common stock is above the pre-determined price, we will have our initial investment returned with a premium in either cash or shares (at our election). If the closing market price of our common stock is at or below the pre-determined price, we will receive the number of shares specified in the agreement. We received net premiums of $53 and $155 million during the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, respectively, related to entering into and settling capped call options for the purchase of class B shares. As of September 30, 2017, we had outstanding options for the purchase of 0.5 million shares with a weighted average strike price of $97.57 per share that will settle in the fourth quarter of 2017.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
We recognize activity in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ("AOCI") for unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, foreign currency translation adjustments, unrealized gains and losses from derivatives that qualify as hedges of cash flows and unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs. The activity in AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (in millions):
 
2017
 
2016
Foreign currency translation gain (loss):
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
(1,016
)
 
$
(897
)
Translation adjustment (net of tax effect of $(146) and $24)
86

 
(12
)
Balance at end of period
(930
)
 
(909
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net of tax:
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
(1
)
 
(1
)
Current period changes in fair value (net of tax effect of $1 and $3)
2

 
4

Reclassification to earnings (no tax impact in either period)
(1
)
 
—

Balance at end of period
—

 
3

Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges, net of tax:
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
(45
)
 
67

Current period changes in fair value (net of tax effect of $(162) and $(15))
(269
)
 
(24
)
Reclassification to earnings (net of tax effect of $(6) and $(96))
(9
)
 
(159
)
Balance at end of period
(323
)
 
(116
)
Unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs, net of tax:
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
(3,421
)
 
(2,709
)
Remeasurement of plan assets and liabilities (net of tax effect of $214 and $0) (1)
356

 
—

Reclassification to earnings (net of tax effect of $56 and $48)
94

 
80

Balance at end of period
(2,971
)
 
(2,629
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at end of period
$
(4,224
)
 
$
(3,651
)
 
 
 
 
(1) See note 6 for further information about plan curtailments resulting in remeasurement of plan assets and liabilities.




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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Detail of the gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI to the statements of consolidated income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (in millions):
Three Months Ended September 30:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amount Reclassified from AOCI
 
Affected Line Item in the Income Statement
 
2017
 
2016
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gain on sale of securities
$
1

 
$
—

 
Investment income
Income tax expense
—

 
—

 
Income tax expense
Impact on net income
1

 
—

 
Net income
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
(6
)
 
(7
)
 
Interest expense
Foreign exchange contracts
3

 
83

 
Revenue
Income tax (expense) benefit
1

 
(29
)
 
Income tax expense
Impact on net income
(2
)
 
47

 
Net income
Unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs:
 
 
 
 
 
Prior service costs
(50
)
 
(42
)
 
Compensation and benefits
Income tax benefit
19

 
15

 
Income tax expense
Impact on net income
(31
)
 
(27
)
 
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total amount reclassified for the period
$
(32
)
 
$
20

 
Net income

Nine Months Ended September 30:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amount Reclassified from AOCI
 
Affected Line Item in the Income Statement
 
2017
 
2016
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gain on sale of securities
$
1

 
$
—

 
Investment income
Income tax expense
—

 
—

 
Income tax expense
Impact on net income
1

 
—

 
Net income
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
(20
)
 
(19
)
 
Interest expense
Foreign exchange contracts
35

 
274

 
Revenue
Income tax expense
(6
)
 
(96
)
 
Income tax expense
Impact on net income
9

 
159

 
Net income
Unrecognized pension and postretirement benefit costs:
 
 
 
 
 
Prior service costs
(150
)
 
(128
)
 
Compensation and benefits
Income tax benefit
56

 
48

 
Income tax expense
Impact on net income
(94
)
 
(80
)
 
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total amount reclassified for the period
$
(84
)
 
$
79

 
Net income






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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Deferred Compensation Obligations and Treasury Stock
Activity in the deferred compensation program for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (in millions):
 
2017
 
2016
Shares
 
Dollars
 
Shares
 
Dollars
Deferred Compensation Obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
 
$
45

 
 
 
$
51

Reinvested dividends
 
 
2

 
 
 
2

Benefit payments
 
 
(10
)
 
 
 
(9
)
Balance at end of period
 
 
$
37

 
 
 
$
44

Treasury Stock:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
(1
)
 
$
(45
)
 
(1
)
 
$
(51
)
Reinvested dividends
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
(2
)
Benefit payments
—

 
10

 
—

 
9

Balance at end of period
(1
)
 
$
(37
)
 
(1
)
 
$
(44
)

Noncontrolling Interests:
We have noncontrolling interests in certain consolidated subsidiaries in our International Package and Supply Chain & Freight segments. Noncontrolling interests increased $6 and $3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.


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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 11. SEGMENT INFORMATION
We report our operations in three segments: U.S. Domestic Package operations, International Package operations and Supply Chain & Freight operations. Package operations represent our most significant business and are broken down into regional operations around the world. Regional operations managers are responsible for both domestic and export products within their geographic area.
U.S. Domestic Package
Domestic Package operations include the time-definite delivery of letters, documents and packages throughout the United States.
International Package
International Package operations include delivery to more than 220 countries and territories worldwide, including shipments wholly outside the United States, as well as shipments with either origin or destination outside the United States. Our International Package reporting segment includes the operations of our Europe, Asia, Americas and ISMEA (Indian Subcontinent, Middle East and Africa) operating segments.
Supply Chain & Freight
Supply Chain & Freight includes our Forwarding, Logistics, Coyote, Marken, UPS Mail Innovations, UPS Freight and other aggregated business units. Our Forwarding and Logistics units provide services in more than 195 countries and territories worldwide and include international air and ocean freight forwarding, customs brokerage, truckload freight brokerage, distribution and post-sales services, mail and consulting services. UPS Freight offers a variety of less-than-truckload ("LTL") and truckload ("TL") services to customers in North America. Coyote offers truckload brokerage services primarily in the U.S. Marken is a global provider of supply chain solutions to the life sciences industry. Other aggregated business units within this segment include The UPS Store and UPS Capital.
In evaluating financial performance, we focus on operating profit as a segment’s measure of profit or loss. Operating profit is before investment income and other, interest expense and income taxes. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of accounting policies included in the consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, with certain expenses allocated between the segments using activity-based costing methods.
Segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (in millions):
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Domestic Package
$
9,649

 
$
9,289

 
$
28,929

 
$
27,388

International Package
3,364

 
3,024

 
9,585

 
9,015

Supply Chain & Freight
2,965

 
2,615

 
8,529

 
7,572

Consolidated
$
15,978

 
$
14,928

 
$
47,043

 
$
43,975

Operating Profit:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Domestic Package
$
1,182

 
$
1,252

 
$
3,653

 
$
3,587

International Package
627

 
576

 
1,739

 
1,763

Supply Chain & Freight
226

 
206

 
643

 
545

Consolidated
$
2,035

 
$
2,034

 
$
6,035

 
$
5,895


 

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 12. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in millions, except per share amounts):
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common shareowners
$
1,264

 
$
1,270

 
$
3,806

 
$
3,670

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares
864

 
876

 
867

 
880

Deferred compensation obligations
1

 
1

 
1

 
1

Vested portion of restricted units
4

 
3

 
4

 
4

Denominator for basic earnings per share
869

 
880

 
872

 
885

Effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restricted units
4

 
4

 
3

 
3

Stock options
1

 
1

 
1

 
1

Denominator for diluted earnings per share
874

 
885

 
876

 
889

Basic earnings per share
$
1.45

 
$
1.44

 
$
4.36

 
$
4.15

Diluted earnings per share
$
1.45

 
$
1.44

 
$
4.34

 
$
4.13

There were no antidilutive securities for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Diluted earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2016 excluded the effect of 0.1 million shares of common stock (0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016), that may be issued upon the exercise of employee stock options because such effect would be antidilutive.

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 13. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk Management Policies
We are exposed to market risk, primarily related to foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates. These exposures are actively monitored by management. To manage the volatility relating to certain of these exposures, we enter into a variety of derivative financial instruments. Our objective is to reduce, where it is deemed appropriate to do so, fluctuations in earnings and cash flows associated with changes in foreign currency rates, commodity prices and interest rates. It is our policy and practice to use derivative financial instruments only to the extent necessary to manage exposures. As we use price sensitive instruments to hedge a certain portion of our existing and anticipated transactions, we expect that any loss in value for those instruments generally would be offset by increases in the value of those hedged transactions. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Credit Risk Management
The forward contracts, swaps and options discussed below contain an element of risk that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreements; however, we minimize such risk exposures for these instruments by limiting the counterparties to banks and financial institutions that meet established credit guidelines, and by monitoring counterparty credit risk to prevent concentrations of credit risk with any single counterparty.
 We have agreements with all of our active counterparties (covering the majority of our derivative positions) containing early termination rights and/or zero threshold bilateral collateral provisions whereby cash is required based on the net fair value of derivatives associated with those counterparties. Events such as a counterparty credit rating downgrade (depending on the ultimate rating level) could also allow us to take additional protective measures such as the early termination of trades. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we held cash collateral of $48 and $575 million, respectively, under these agreements; this collateral is included in "Cash and cash equivalents" on the consolidated balance sheets and its use by UPS is not restricted.
In connection with the agreements described above, we could be required to provide additional collateral or terminate transactions with certain counterparties in the event of a downgrade of our credit rating. The amount of collateral required would be determined by the net fair value of the associated derivatives with each counterparty. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, $104 million and $0, respectively, of additional collateral was required to be posted with our counterparties. The aggregate fair value of instruments not covered by the zero threshold bilateral collateral provisions were in a net liability position of $47 and $10 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
We have not historically incurred, and do not expect to incur in the future, any losses as a result of counterparty default.
Accounting Policy for Derivative Instruments
We recognize all derivative instruments as assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and, further, on the type of hedging relationship. For those derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, a company must designate the derivative, based upon the exposure being hedged, as a cash flow hedge, a fair value hedge or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation.
A cash flow hedge refers to hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of AOCI, and reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The remaining gain or loss on the derivative instrument in excess of the cumulative change in the present value of future cash flows of the hedged item, or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness, are recognized in the statements of consolidated income during the current period.
A fair value hedge refers to hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an existing asset or liability on the consolidated balance sheets that is attributable to a particular risk. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is recognized in the statements of consolidated income during the current period, as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item.
A net investment hedge refers to the use of cross currency swaps, forward contracts or foreign currency denominated debt to hedge portions of our net investments in foreign operations. For hedges that meet the effectiveness requirements, the net gains or losses attributable to changes in spot exchange rates are recorded in the foreign currency translation adjustment within AOCI. The remainder of the change in value of such instruments is recorded in earnings.

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Types of Hedges
Commodity Risk Management
Currently, the fuel surcharges that we apply to our domestic and international package and LTL services are the primary means of reducing the risk of adverse fuel price changes on our business. We periodically enter into option contracts on energy commodity products to manage the price risk associated with forecasted transactions involving refined fuels, principally jet-A, diesel and unleaded gasoline. The objective of the hedges is to reduce the variability of cash flows, due to changing fuel prices, associated with the forecasted transactions involving those products. We normally designate and account for these contracts as cash flow hedges of the underlying forecasted transactions involving these fuel products and, therefore, the resulting gains and losses from these hedges are recognized as a component of fuel expense or revenue when the underlying transactions occur.
Foreign Currency Risk Management
To protect against the reduction in value of forecasted foreign currency cash flows from our international package business, we maintain a foreign currency cash flow hedging program. Our most significant foreign currency exposures relate to the Euro, British Pound Sterling, Canadian Dollar, Chinese Renminbi and Hong Kong Dollar. We hedge portions of our forecasted revenue denominated in foreign currencies with option and forward contracts. We normally designate and account for these contracts as cash flow hedges of anticipated foreign currency denominated revenue and, therefore, the resulting gains and losses from these hedges are recognized as a component of international package revenue when the underlying sales transactions occur.
We also hedge portions of our anticipated cash settlements of intercompany transactions and interest payments on certain debt subject to foreign currency remeasurement using foreign currency forward contracts. We normally designate and account for these contracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted foreign currency denominated transactions; therefore, the resulting gains and losses from these hedges are recognized as a component of investment income and other when the underlying transactions are subject to currency remeasurement.
We hedge our net investment in certain foreign operations with foreign currency denominated debt instruments. The use of foreign denominated debt as the hedging instrument allows the debt to be remeasured to foreign currency translation adjustment within AOCI to offset the translation risk from those investments. Any ineffective portion of net investment hedging is recognized as a component of investment income and other. Balances in the cumulative translation adjustment accounts remain until the sale or complete liquidation of the foreign entity.
Interest Rate Risk Management
Our indebtedness under our various financing arrangements creates interest rate risk. We use a combination of derivative instruments as part of our program to manage the fixed and floating interest rate mix of our total debt portfolio and related overall cost of borrowing. The notional amount, interest payment date and maturity date of the swaps match the terms of the associated debt being hedged. Interest rate swaps allow us to maintain a target range of floating rate debt within our capital structure.
We have designated and account for the majority of our interest rate swaps that convert fixed rate interest payments into floating rate interest payments as hedges of the fair value of the associated debt instruments. Therefore, the gains and losses resulting from fair value adjustments to the interest rate swaps and fair value adjustments to the associated debt instruments are recorded to interest expense in the period in which the gains and losses occur. We have designated and account for interest rate swaps that convert floating rate interest payments into fixed rate interest payments as cash flow hedges of the forecasted payment obligations. The gains and losses resulting from fair value adjustments to the interest rate swaps are recorded to AOCI.
We periodically hedge the forecasted fixed-coupon interest payments associated with anticipated debt offerings by using forward starting interest rate swaps, interest rate locks or similar derivatives. These agreements effectively lock a portion of our interest rate exposure between the time the agreement is entered into and the date when the debt offering is completed, thereby mitigating the impact of interest rate changes on future interest expense. These derivatives are settled commensurate with the issuance of the debt, and any gain or loss upon settlement is amortized as an adjustment to the effective interest yield on the debt.

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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Outstanding Positions
As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the notional amounts of our outstanding derivative positions were as follows (in millions):
 
September 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Currency hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
Euro
EUR
4,141

 
EUR
3,702

British Pound Sterling
GBP
1,758

 
GBP
1,380

Canadian Dollar
CAD
1,244

 
CAD
1,053

Indian Rupee
INR
—

 
INR
76

Mexican Peso
MXN
166

 
MXN
—

Japanese Yen
JPY
3,363

 
JPY
3,972

Singapore Dollar
SGD
15

 
SGD
32

 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed to Floating Interest Rate Swaps
$
5,799

 
$
5,799

Floating to Fixed Interest Rate Swaps
$
778

 
$
778

 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment market price hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
Marketable Securities
EUR
204

 
EUR
76

As of September 30, 2017, we had no outstanding commodity hedge positions.
Balance Sheet Recognition and Fair Value Measurements
The following table indicates the location on the consolidated balance sheets in which our derivative assets and liabilities have been recognized, the fair value hierarchy level applicable to each derivative type and the related fair values of those derivatives (in millions). The table is segregated between those derivative instruments that qualify and are designated as hedging instruments and those that are not, as well as by type of contract and whether the derivative is in an asset or liability position.
We have master netting arrangements with substantially all of our counterparties giving us the right of offset for our derivative positions. However, we have not elected to offset the fair value positions of our derivative contracts recorded on our consolidated balance sheets. The columns labeled "Net Amounts if Right of Offset had been Applied" indicate the potential net fair value positions by type of contract and location on the consolidated balance sheets had we elected to apply the right of offset.
 
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy Level
 
Gross Amounts Presented in
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amounts if Right of
Offset had been Applied
Asset Derivatives
Balance Sheet Location
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Derivatives designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
Other current assets
 
Level 2
 
$
21

 
$
176

 
$
15

 
$
176

Interest rate contracts
Other current assets
 
Level 2
 
4

 
—

 
4

 
—

Foreign exchange contracts
Other non-current assets
 
Level 2
 
3

 
131

 
—

 
126

Interest rate contracts
Other non-current assets
 
Level 2
 
88

 
137

 
75

 
119

Derivatives not designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
Other current assets
 
Level 2
 
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

Interest rate contracts
Other non-current assets
 
Level 2
 
34

 
42

 
33

 
40

Total Asset Derivatives
 
 
 
 
$
150

 
$
487

 
$
127

 
$
462


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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


 
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy Level
 
Gross Amounts Presented in
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
Net Amounts if Right of
Offset had been Applied
Liability Derivatives
Balance Sheet Location
 
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Derivatives designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
Other current liabilities
 
Level 2
 
$
62

 
$
—

 
$
56

 
$
—

Interest rate contracts
Other current liabilities
 
Level 2
 
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

Foreign exchange contracts
Other non-current liabilities
 
Level 2
 
155

 
6

 
152

 
1

Interest rate contracts
Other non-current liabilities
 
Level 2
 
18

 
21

 
5

 
3

Derivatives not designated as hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
Other current liabilities
 
Level 2
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Investment market price contracts
Other current liabilities
 
Level 2
 
47

 
10

 
47

 
10

Interest rate contracts
Other non-current liabilities
 
Level 2
 
5

 
7

 
4

 
5

Total Liability Derivatives
 
 
 
 
$
287

 
$
45

 
$
264

 
$
20

Our foreign currency, interest rate and investment market price derivatives are largely comprised of over-the-counter derivatives, which are primarily valued using pricing models that rely on market observable inputs such as yield curves, currency exchange rates and investment forward prices; therefore, these derivatives are classified as Level 2.
Income Statement and AOCI Recognition
The following table indicates the amount of gains and losses that have been recognized in AOCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 for those derivatives designated as cash flow hedges (in millions):
Three Months Ended September 30:
 
 
 
 
Derivative Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
 
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivative (Effective Portion)
 
2017
 
2016
Interest rate contracts
 
$
—

 
$
—

Foreign exchange contracts
 
(141
)
 
(27
)
Total
 
$
(141
)
 
$
(27
)
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30:
 
 
 
 
Derivative Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
 
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Derivative (Effective Portion)
 
2017
 
2016
Interest rate contracts
 
$
—

 
$
(3
)
Foreign exchange contracts
 
(431
)
 
(36
)
Total
 
$
(431
)
 
$
(39
)
As of September 30, 2017, there are $108 million of pre-tax losses related to cash flow hedges that are currently deferred in AOCI that are expected to be reclassified to income over the 12 month period ended September 30, 2018. The actual amounts that will be reclassified to income over the next 12 months will vary from this amount as a result of changes in market conditions. The maximum term over which we are hedging exposures to the variability of cash flow is approximately 15 years.
The amount of ineffectiveness recognized in income on derivative instruments designated in cash flow hedging relationships was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
    




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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The following table indicates the amount of gains and losses that have been recognized in AOCI within foreign currency translation adjustment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 for those instruments designated as net investment hedges (in millions):
Three Months Ended September 30:
 
 
 
 
Non-derivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships
 
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Debt (Effective Portion)
 
2017
 
2016
Foreign denominated debt
 
$
(142
)
 
$
(7
)
Total
 
$
(142
)
 
$
(7
)
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30:
 
 
 
 
Non-derivative Instruments in Net Investment Hedging Relationships
 
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI on Debt (Effective Portion)
 
2017
 
2016
Foreign denominated debt
 
$
(389
)
 
(30
)
Total
 
$
(389
)
 
$
(30
)
The amount of ineffectiveness recognized in income on non-derivative instruments designated in net investment hedging relationships was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.
The following table indicates the amount and location in the statements of consolidated income in which derivative gains and losses, as well as the associated gains and losses on the underlying exposure, have been recognized for those derivatives designated as fair value hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in millions):
Derivative Instruments
in Fair Value
Hedging Relationships
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
 
Derivative Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
 
Hedged Items in
Fair Value
Hedging
Relationships
 
Location of 
Gain (Loss)
Recognized In
 Income
 
Hedged Items Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
Three Months Ended September 30:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
Interest Expense
 
$
(18
)
 
$
(59
)
 
Fixed-Rate
Debt
 
Interest
Expense
 
$
18

 
$
59

Nine Months Ended September 30:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
Interest
Expense
 
$
(41
)
 
$
56

 
Fixed-Rate
Debt
 
Interest
Expense
 
$
41

 
$
(56
)

Additionally, we maintain some interest rate swaps, foreign currency forwards and investment market price forward contracts that are not designated as hedges. These interest rate swap contracts are intended to provide an economic hedge of a portfolio of interest bearing receivables. These foreign exchange forward contracts are intended to provide an economic offset to foreign currency remeasurement and settlement risk for certain assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. These investment market price forward contracts are intended to provide an economic offset to fair value fluctuations of certain investments in marketable securities.
We also periodically terminate interest rate swaps and foreign currency options by entering into offsetting swap and foreign currency positions with different counterparties. As part of this process, we de-designate our original swap and foreign currency contracts. These transactions provide an economic offset that effectively eliminates the effects of changes in market valuation.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


The following is a summary of the amounts recorded in the statements of consolidated income related to fair value changes and settlements of these interest rate swaps, foreign currency forward and investment market price forward contracts not designated as hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in millions):
Derivative Instruments Not Designated in
Hedging Relationships
Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income
 
Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income
 
2017
 
2016
Three Months Ended September 30:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
Interest expense
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(2
)
Foreign exchange contracts
Investment income and other
 
14

 
(11
)
Investment market price contracts
Investment income and other
 
(45
)
 
(28
)
 
 
 
$
(33
)
 
$
(41
)
Nine Months Ended September 30:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
Interest expense
 
$
(6
)
 
$
(6
)
Foreign exchange contracts
Investment income and other
 
34

 
$
(117
)
Investment market price contracts
Investment income and other
 
(37
)
 
152

 
 
 
$
(9
)
 
$
29


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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


NOTE 14. INCOME TAXES
Our effective tax rate was 35.0% in the third quarter of 2017 and 2016 (33.9% year-to-date in 2017 compared to 35.1% in the same period of 2016). In the first quarter of 2017, we adopted a new accounting standard that requires the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation in income tax expense (see note 2), which resulted in discrete tax benefits for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 of $62 million and reduced our year-to-date effective tax rate by 1.1%. There was no significant impact related to the adoption of the new accounting standard in the third quarter of 2017.
As discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, we have recognized liabilities for uncertain tax positions. We reevaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. A number of years may elapse before an uncertain tax position is audited and ultimately settled. It is difficult to predict the ultimate outcome or the timing of resolution for uncertain tax positions. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months. However, an estimate of the range of reasonably possible outcomes cannot be made. Items that may cause changes to unrecognized tax benefits include the timing of interest deductions and the allocation of income and expense between tax jurisdictions. These changes could result from the settlement of ongoing litigation, the completion of ongoing examinations, the expiration of the statute of limitations or other unforeseen circumstances.



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Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview
During the third quarter of 2017, we produced solid operating results, despite the impact of several natural disasters that slowed U.S. regional economic activity. Consolidated revenue increased 7.0% to $15.978 billion for the third quarter of 2017 when compared to 2016. For the year-to-date period, consolidated revenue increased 7.0% to $47.043 billion from $43.975 billion. Revenue for third quarter and year-to-date periods increased in all segments and major product categories, due to expanded customer demand spread across the company's broad portfolio. These factors were partially offset by impacts from both the natural disasters and operating costs associated with investment strategies, including facility construction and Saturday operations deployment in our U.S. Domestic segment.
Operating profit for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was $2.035 billion, driven by strong performance in the International Package and Supply Chain & Freight segments. For the year-to-date period, operating profit was up 2.4% to $6.035 billion.
Average daily package volume increased 4.6% for the third quarter of 2017 and 4.5% year-to-date. We reported third quarter 2017 net income of $1.264 billion and diluted earnings per share of $1.45, compared to 2016 net income of $1.270 billion and diluted earnings per share of $1.44. On a year-to-date basis, net income was $3.806 billion and increased 3.7% in 2017 as compared to 2016 as diluted earnings per share increased 5.1% to $4.34.
Our consolidated results are presented in the table below:
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
%
 
2017
 
2016
 
%
Revenue (in millions)
$
15,978

 
$
14,928

 
7.0
 %
 
$
47,043

 
$
43,975

 
7.0
%
Operating Expenses (in millions)
13,943

 
12,894

 
8.1
 %
 
41,008

 
38,080

 
7.7
%
Operating Profit (in millions)
$
2,035

 
$
2,034

 
—
 %
 
$
6,035

 
$
5,895

 
2.4
%
Operating Margin
12.7
%
 
13.6
%
 
 
 
12.8
%
 
13.4
%
 
 
Average Daily Package Volume (in thousands)
18,988

 
18,152

 
4.6
 %
 
18,702

 
17,891

 
4.5
%
Average Revenue Per Piece
$
10.77

 
$
10.49

 
2.7
 %
 
$
10.68

 
$
10.48

 
1.9
%
Net Income (in millions)
$
1,264

 
$
1,270

 
(0.5
)%
 
$
3,806

 
$
3,670

 
3.7
%
Basic Earnings Per Share
$
1.45

 
$
1.44

 
0.7
 %
 
$
4.36

 
$
4.15

 
5.1
%
Diluted Earnings Per Share
$
1.45

 
$
1.44

 
0.7
 %
 
$
4.34

 
$
4.13

 
5.1
%






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UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS




Results of Operations - Segment Review
The results and discussions that follow are reflective of how our executive management monitors the performance of our reporting segments.
We supplement the reporting of our financial information determined under generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) with certain non-GAAP financial measures including, as applicable, "adjusted" compensation and benefits, operating expenses, operating profit, operating margin, income tax expense and effective tax rate. We believe that these adjusted financial measures provide meaningful information to assist investors and analysts in understanding our financial results and assessing our prospects for future performance. We believe these adjusted financial measures are important indicators of our recurring results of operations because they exclude items that may not be indicative of, or are unrelated to, our underlying operating results, and provide a useful baseline for analyzing trends in our underlying businesses. Additionally, these adjusted financial measures are used internally by management for the determination of incentive compensation awards, business unit operating performance analysis and business unit resource allocation.
We supplement the reporting of our revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit with similar non-GAAP measures that exclude the period-over-period impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes and hedging activities. We believe currency-neutral revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit information allows users of our financial statements to understand growth trends in our products and results. We evaluate the performance of our International Package and Supply Chain & Freight businesses on a currency-neutral basis.
Currency-neutral revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit are calculated by dividing current period reported U.S. dollar revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit by the current period average exchange rates to derive current period local currency revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit. The derived current period local currency revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit are then multiplied by the average foreign exchange rates used to translate the comparable results for each month in the prior year period (including the period over period impact of foreign currency revenue hedging activities). The difference between the current period reported U.S. dollar revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit and the derived current period U.S. dollar revenue, revenue per piece and operating profit is the period over period impact of currency fluctuations.
Certain operating expenses are allocated between our reporting segments based on activity-based costing methods. These activity-based costing methods require us to make estimates that impact the amount of each expense category that is attributed to each segment. Changes in these estimates will directly impact the amount of expense allocated to each segment and therefore the operating profit of each reporting segment. There were no significant changes in our expense allocation methodologies during 2017 or 2016.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS




U.S. Domestic Package Operations
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
2017
 
2016
 
%
 
2017
 
2016
 
%
Average Daily Package Volume (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Next Day Air
1,470

 
1,361

 
8.0
 %
 
1,393

 
1,313

 
6.1
 %
Deferred
1,240

 
1,260

 
(1.6
)%
 
1,246

 
1,195

 
4.3
 %
Ground
13,175

 
12,743

 
3.4
 %
 
13,069

 
12,652

 
3.3
 %
Total Avg. Daily Package Volume
15,885

 
15,364

 
3.4
 %
 
15,708

 
15,160

 
3.6
 %
Average Revenue Per Piece:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Next Day Air
$
19.08

 
$
19.59

 
(2.6
)%
 
$
19.48

 
$
19.51

 
(0.2
)%
Deferred
12.83

 
11.99

 
7.0
 %
 
12.57

 
12.12

 
3.7
 %
Ground
8.29

 
8.11

 
2.2
 %
 
8.31

 
8.11

 
2.5
 %
Total Avg. Revenue Per Piece
$
9.64

 
$
9.45

 
2.0
 %
 
$
9.64

 
$
9.41

 
2.4
 %
Operating Days in Period
63

 
64

 
 
 
191

 
192

 
 
Revenue (in millions):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Next Day Air
$
1,767

 
$
1,706

 
3.6
 %
 
$
5,183

 
$
4,918

 
5.4
 %
Deferred
1,002

 
967

 
3.6
 %
 
2,992

 
2,781

 
7.6
 %
Ground
6,880

 
6,616

 
4.0
 %
 
20,754

 
19,689

 
5.4
 %
Total Revenue
$
9,649

 
$
9,289

 
3.9
 %
 
$
28,929

 
$
27,388

 
5.6
 %
Operating Expenses (in millions)
$
8,467

 
$
8,037

 
5.4
 %
 
$
25,276

 
$
23,801

 
6.2
 %
Operating Profit (in millions)
$
1,182

 
$
1,252

 
(5.6
)%
 
$
3,653

 
$
3,587

 
1.8
 %
Operating Margin
12.2
%
 
13.5
%
 
 
 
12.6
%
 
13.1
%
 
 
Revenue
The change in overall revenue was impacted by the following factors in 2017 compared with the corresponding period of 2016:
 
Volume
 
Rates /
Product Mix
 
Fuel
Surcharge
 
Total Revenue
Change
Revenue Change Drivers:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Third quarter 2017 vs. 2016
1.8
%
 
1.5
%
 
0.6
%
 
3.9
%
Year-to-date 2017 vs. 2016
3.1
%
 
1.8
%
 
0.7
%
 
5.6
%
Volume
Our overall volume increased in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017 compared with 2016, despite having one less operating day, largely due to continued growth in overall retail sales, of which e-commerce continues to represent a larger percentage of the total growth. Business-to-consumer shipments, which represented more than 48% of the total volume for the quarter, drove increases in both air and ground shipments. Business-to-business shipments decreased slightly in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017 compared with 2016, largely due to headwinds from adverse weather events and declines in volume related to large technology product launches in the prior year.
Among our air products, volume increased in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017 for our Next Day Air services. Volume for our deferred air services was down in the third quarter, largely due to a shift from deferred air to Next Day Air products; however, volume increased on a year-to-date basis. Solid air volume growth continued for those products most aligned with business-to-consumer shipping, including our residential Next Day Air Saver and residential Three Day Select package products, as consumers continue to demand faster and more economical delivery options. This growth was slightly offset by a decline in Next Day Air letter volume, largely due to declines in the professional services industry as a result of continued growth in digitization.

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The increase in ground volume in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017 was driven by growth in residential ground and SurePost volume, which benefited from continued e-commerce demand. Business-to-business shipments decreased slightly in the quarter and year-to-date periods, largely due to adverse weather events. This decline was offset by an increase in our returns shipping services.
Rates and Product Mix
Overall revenue per piece increased 2.0% for the third quarter of 2017 (2.4% year-to-date) compared with the same period of 2016 and was impacted by changes in base rates, customer and product mix, and fuel surcharge rates.
Revenue per piece for ground and air products was positively impacted by a base rate increase on December 26, 2016. UPS Ground rates and UPS Air services rates increased an average net 4.9%. Additionally, effective January 8, 2017, we changed the dimensional weight calculation for packages subject to UPS daily rates.
In the first quarter of 2017, we began our expanded Saturday ground operations to several metropolitan areas in the U.S. As of September 30, 2017, Saturday service is available in approximately 4,200 cities and towns in the United States and is expected to cover approximately 50% of the population by the end of 2017. A Saturday stop charge that varies depending on the pickup service selected went into effect on May 1, 2017, and will be applied any time a Saturday pickup is requested.
Revenue per piece for our Next Day Air services decreased in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017 compared with 2016. The decrease in Next Day Air revenue per piece was primarily driven by a shift in product mix, as our lower yielding products experienced much larger volume growth than our higher yielding products. This shift was offset slightly by an increase in the average weight per piece. Revenue per piece of our deferred air services increased in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017 compared with 2016. Deferred revenue per piece increased primarily due to an increase in average weight per piece, but was partially offset by an unfavorable shift in product mix. All products were positively impacted by higher fuel surcharge rates for the third quarter and year-to-date periods.
Ground revenue per piece increased for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017, primarily due to base rate increases and an increase in average weight per piece. These factors were partially offset by changes in product mix, as we experienced faster volume growth in our SurePost product.
Fuel Surcharges
UPS applies a fuel surcharge on our domestic air and ground services. The air fuel surcharge is based on the U.S. Department of Energy’s (“DOE”) Gulf Coast spot price for a gallon of kerosene-type jet fuel, while the ground fuel surcharge is based on the DOE’s On-Highway Diesel Fuel price. Based on published rates, the average fuel surcharges for domestic air and ground products were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
2017

2016
 
% Point
 
2017
 
2016
 
% Point
Next Day Air / Deferred
5.0
%
 
4.1
%
 
0.9
%
 
4.8
%
 
3.3
%
 
1.5
%
Ground
5.4
%
 
5.1
%
 
0.3
%
 
5.4
%
 
4.8
%
 
0.6
%
Effective February 6, 2017, the U.S. fuel surcharge rates are reset weekly instead of monthly. In addition, the price indices have moved from a two month to a two week lag.
Total domestic fuel surcharge revenue increased by $50 million in the third quarter of 2017 as a result of higher fuel surcharge rates caused by increasing jet and diesel fuel prices, as well as the overall increase in package volume during the quarter. In addition to the factors above, fuel surcharge revenue was positively impacted by the changes to the fuel surcharge calculation, as the rates and price indices are updated more frequently to better align with prevailing market rates. On a year-to-date basis, fuel surcharge revenue increased by $209 million.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS




Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for the segment increased $430 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with the same period of 2016 primarily due to pick-up and delivery costs (up $181 million), the costs of operating our domestic integrated air and ground network (up $169 million) and the cost of package sorting (up $51 million). The growth in pick-up and delivery and network costs was largely due to increased volume and higher employee compensation costs, which were impacted by an increase in average daily union labor hours (up 6.2%), an increase in employee healthcare expenses and growth in the overall size of the workforce. Additionally, average daily aircraft block hours increased 11.0% for the quarter, which were driven by increased Next Day Air volume, modifications to our air network and adverse weather events. We also incurred higher costs associated with outside contract carriers, primarily due to volume growth (including SurePost), higher fuel surcharges passed to us by carriers and general rate increases.
On a year-to-date basis, operating expenses for the segment increased $1.475 billion, largely due to pick-up and delivery costs (up $591 million), network costs (up $582 million), the cost of package sorting (up $142 million) and an increase in indirect operating costs (up $136 million). These expenses were primarily due to higher volume, increased employee compensation costs, adverse weather conditions and a 7.2% increase in average daily block hours.
Total cost per piece increased 3.5% for the third quarter of 2017 compared with the same period of 2016 (3.0% year-to-date). The increased expenses in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017 were also driven by start-up costs of several investments underway to further expand and modernize our air and ground networks, as well as the costs of implementing Saturday operations in additional markets. Costs were further impacted by the hurricanes in the southern United States and rising fuel prices. In order to contain costs, we continually adjust our air and ground networks to better match higher volume levels. In addition, we continue to deploy and utilize technology to increase package sorting and delivery productivity.
Operating Profit and Margin
Operating profit decreased $70 million for the third quarter of 2017 compared with 2016 (up $66 million year-to-date), and operating margin decreased 130 basis points to 12.2% (down 50 basis points to 12.6% year-to-date). There was one less operating day for the third quarter of 2017 compared with the third quarter of 2016. Additionally, operating profit was negatively impacted by more than $50 million associated with the hurricanes and approximately $40 million for the continued investments in new buildings and deployment of Saturday operations. There was an adverse impact from higher purchase transportation costs and from fuel, as fuel expense increased at a faster pace than fuel surcharge revenue.


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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS




International Package Operations
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
%
 
2017
 
2016
 
%
Average Daily Package Volume (in thousands):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic
1,704

 
1,612

 
5.7
 %
 
1,667

 
1,576

 
5.8
 %
Export
1,399

 
1,176

 
19.0
 %
 
1,327

 
1,155

 
14.9
 %
Total Avg. Daily Package Volume
3,103

 
2,788

 
11.3
 %
 
2,994

 
2,731

 
9.6
 %
Average Revenue Per Piece:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic
$
6.27

 
$
5.90

 
6.3
 %
 
$
5.99

 
$
5.96

 
0.5
 %
Export
29.00

 
30.35

 
(4.4
)%
 
28.79

 
30.72

 
(6.3
)%
Total Avg. Revenue Per Piece
$
16.52

 
$
16.21

 
1.9
 %
 
$
16.10

 
$
16.43

 
(2.0
)%
Operating Days in Period
63

 
64

 
 
 
191

 
192

 
 
Revenue (in millions):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic
$
673

 
$
609

 
10.5
 %
 
$
1,906

 
$
1,804

 
5.7
 %
Export
2,556

 
2,284

 
11.9
 %
 
7,298

 
6,813

 
7.1
 %
Cargo and Other
135

 
131

 
3.1
 %
 
381

 
398

 
(4.3
)%
Total Revenue
$
3,364

 
$
3,024

 
11.2
 %
 
$
9,585

 
$
9,015

 
6.3
 %
Operating Expenses (in millions)
$
2,737

 
$
2,448

 
11.8
 %
 
$
7,846

 
$
7,252

 
8.2
 %
Operating Profit (in millions)
$
627

 
$
576

 
8.9
 %
 
$
1,739

 
$
1,763

 
(1.4
)%
Operating Margin
18.6
%
 
19.0
%
 
 
 
18.1
%
 
19.6
%
 
 
Currency Benefit / (Cost) – (in millions)*:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
 
 
 
 
$
(12
)
 
 
 
 
 
$
(352
)
Operating Expenses
 
 
 
 
(50
)
 
 
 
 
 
57

Operating Profit
 
 
 
 
$
(62
)
 
 
 
 
 
$
(295
)
* Net of currency hedging; amount represents the change in currency translation compared to the prior year.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
The change in overall revenue was impacted by the following factors in 2017 compared with the corresponding period of 2016:
 
Volume
 
Rates /
Product Mix
 
Fuel
Surcharge
 
Currency
 
Total Revenue
Change
Revenue Change Drivers:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Third quarter 2017 vs. 2016
9.6
%
 
(0.2
)%
 
2.2
%
 
(0.4
)%
 
11.2
%
Year-to-date 2017 vs. 2016
6.4
%
 
1.4
 %
 
2.4
%
 
(3.9
)%
 
6.3
%
Volume
Our overall average daily volume increased in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017 compared with 2016 with growth across both export and domestic products. The growth was due to increased demand across a number of sectors, including retail, high tech, industrial manufacturing and healthcare. Both business-to-business and business-to-consumer shipments showed strong growth rates.
Export volume in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017 grew across all major trade lanes, mainly driven by our European operations. Europe export volume showed significant growth to all regions, particularly in the Europe-to-U.S., Europe-to-Americas and intra-Europe trade lanes. Export volume into the U.S. grew in all trade lanes, led by the Americas and Europe regions. Export volume growth was strong across all major products, with a continued shift towards our premium express products, such as Worldwide Express and Transborder Express services.

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The increase in domestic volume in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017 was driven by solid volume growth in several key markets in Europe.
Rates and Product Mix
On December 26, 2016, we implemented an average 4.9% net increase in base and accessorial rates for international shipments originating in the United States. Rate changes for shipments originating outside the U.S. are made throughout the year and vary by geographic market.
Foreign currency fluctuations had an unfavorable impact on revenue per piece for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017 compared with 2016. Total average revenue per piece increased 1.9% in the third quarter of 2017 compared to 2016, which was partially offset by a 40 basis point reduction from currency impact. Total average revenue per piece decreased 2.0% year-to-date compared to 2016, primarily due to a 370 basis point reduction from the impact of currency. Additionally, growth in shorter average trade lanes had a negative impact on revenue per piece during the third quarter of 2017 and year-to-date periods. These factors were partially offset by an increase in fuel surcharge revenue, as well as an increase in base rates and a shift in product mix, as the growth in higher yielding premium products continued to exceed the growth in our standard products.
    
Export revenue per piece decreased 4.4% in the third quarter of 2017 (6.3% year-to-date) compared with 2016, primarily due to a 150 basis point reduction from the impact of currency (400 basis point reduction year-to-date) and a shift in customer mix. Additionally, export revenue per piece was adversely impacted by shorter average trade lanes due to faster growth in intra-regional shipments. These factors were partially offset by an increase in base rates, higher fuel surcharges and strong volume growth of premium products.
Domestic revenue per piece increased 6.3% in the third quarter of 2017 compared with 2016 primarily due to a 460 basis point increase from the impact of currency. Domestic revenue per piece for the year-to-date period remained relatively flat due to a 200 basis point reduction from the impact of currency offset by an increase in base rates and higher fuel surcharges.
Fuel Surcharges
We maintain fuel surcharges on our international air and ground services. The fuel surcharges for international air products originating inside or outside the United States are indexed to the DOE's Gulf Coast spot price for a gallon of kerosene-type jet fuel, while the fuel surcharges for ground products originating outside the United States are indexed to fuel prices in the international region or country where the shipment takes place. Total international fuel surcharge revenue increased $72 million for the third quarter of 2017 ($214 million year-to-date) compared with 2016, due to volume increases, higher fuel prices and pricing changes made to the fuel surcharge indices from a two month to a two week lag.
Operating Expenses
Overall expenses for the segment increased $289 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($594 million year-to-date) compared to 2016. The third quarter increase was driven by currency fluctuations, increased volumes and higher fuel prices. The increase in the year-to-date period was also driven by increased volumes and higher fuel prices, but was partially offset by currency fluctuations.
The costs of operating our international integrated air and ground network increased $103 million for the third quarter of 2017 ($313 million year-to-date) compared with 2016. The increase in network costs was largely driven by a 3.2% increase in aircraft block hours in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017 and higher fuel prices. Additionally, pick-up and delivery costs increased $97 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared with 2016 ($156 million year-to-date), largely due to increased volume.
The remaining change in operating expenses in the third quarter of 2017 and year-to-date periods of 2017 compared with 2016 was largely due to an increase in the costs of package sorting and an increase in indirect operating costs.
Operating Profit and Margin
Operating profit increased $51 million in the third quarter of 2017 compared to 2016 while operating margin decreased 40 basis points to 18.6%. For the year-to-date period, operating profit decreased $24 million and operating margin decreased 150 basis points to 18.1%. The third quarter and year-to-date periods were both negatively impacted by currency exchange rate movements of $62 million and $295 million respectively, due to volatility of both hedged and unhedged currencies. However, volume and revenue growth in the third quarter and year-to-date periods offset the impacts of currency.

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Supply Chain & Freight Operations
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
2017

2016
 
%
 
2017
 
2016
 
%
Freight LTL Statistics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue (in millions)
$
673

 
$
616

 
9.3
%
 
$
1,943

 
$
1,780

 
9.2
%
Revenue Per Hundredweight
$
24.47

 
$
23.63

 
3.6
%
 
$
23.90

 
$
23.46

 
1.9
%
Shipments (in thousands)
2,589

 
2,551

 
1.5
%
 
7,739

 
7,507

 
3.1
%
Shipments Per Day (in thousands)
41.1

 
39.9

 
3.0
%
 
40.5

 
39.1

 
3.6
%
Gross Weight Hauled (in millions of lbs)
2,750

 
2,607

 
5.5
%
 
8,131

 
7,589

 
7.1
%
Weight Per Shipment (in lbs)
1,062

 
1,022

 
3.9
%
 
1,051

 
1,011

 
4.0
%
Operating Days in Period
63

 
64

 
 
 
191

 
192

 
 
Revenue (in millions):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forwarding and Logistics
$
1,989

 
$
1,735

 
14.6
%
 
$
5,709

 
$
4,980

 
14.6
%
Freight
778

 
701

 
11.0
%
 
2,240

 
2,050

 
9.3
%
Other
198

 
179

 
10.6
%
 
580

 
542

 
7.0
%
Total Revenue
$
2,965

 
$
2,615

 
13.4
%
 
$
8,529

 
$
7,572

 
12.6
%
Operating Expenses (in millions):
$
2,739

 
$
2,409

 
13.7
%
 
$
7,886

 
$
7,027

 
12.2
%
Operating Profit (in millions):
$
226

 
$
206

 
9.7
%
 
$
643

 
$
545

 
18.0
%
Operating Margin
7.6
%
 
7.9
%
 
 
 
7.5
%
 
7.2
%
 
 
Currency Benefit / (Cost) – (in millions)*:
 
 
 
$ 
 
 
 
 
 
$ 
Revenue
 
 
 
 
$
9

 
 
 
 
 
$
(15
)
Operating Expenses
 
 
 
 
(9
)
 
 
 
 
 
14

Operating Profit
 
 
 
 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
$
(1
)
* Amount represents the change in currency translation compared to the prior year.
 
 
 
 
 
 
In December 2016, we acquired Marken, a global provider of supply chain solutions to the life sciences industry and leader in clinical trials material storage and distribution. Marken's financial results are included in the above table within Forwarding and Logistics from the date of the acquisition, which has impacted the year-over-year comparability of revenue, operating expenses and operating profit.
Revenue
Total revenue for the Supply Chain & Freight segment increased $350 million for the third quarter of 2017 ($957 million year-to-date) compared to 2016.
Forwarding and Logistics revenue increased $254 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($729 million year-to-date) compared with 2016, primarily due to increased truckload brokerage freight volume movement, and tonnage increases in our international freight forwarding businesses, which were impacted by improving overall market demand. Our North American freight forwarding business showed a slight decline in revenues in the third quarter of 2017 as increases in tonnage were offset by a shift in product mix. However, on a year-to-date basis, North American freight forwarding revenue increased as a result of increases in tonnage. Revenue for our logistics services increased in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017 compared with 2016, as we experienced growth in our mail services, retail and aerospace solutions offset by declines among our high tech customers. Additionally, the Marken acquisition in 2016 contributed to the increase in revenue. A positive impact of currency exchange rates was realized on revenues in the third quarter of 2017, while the year-to-date impact was negative.
    

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UPS Freight revenue increased $77 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($190 million year-to-date), driven by increases in weight per shipment and shipments. These increases were impacted by an overall improvement in market demand and customer mix. LTL revenue per hundredweight increased slightly as LTL base rate increases, averaging 4.9%, took effect September 19, 2016. Additionally, effective June 26, 2017, LTL base rates increased by an additional 4.9% for certain shipments in the U.S., Canada and Mexico. Fuel surcharge revenue also increased $16 million in the third quarter ($48 million year-to-date), due to changes in overall LTL shipment volume and diesel fuel prices.
Revenue for the other businesses within Supply Chain & Freight increased $19 million ($38 million year-to-date) due to revenue growth from UPS Capital and UPS Customer Solutions, as well as service contracts with the U.S. Postal Service.
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses for the Supply Chain & Freight segment increased $330 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($859 million year-to-date) compared to 2016.
Forwarding and Logistics operating expenses increased $250 million for the third quarter of 2017 ($672 million year-to-date) compared with 2016, largely due to increased purchased transportation and the acquisition of Marken, partially offset by operating efficiencies. Additionally, during the second quarter of 2017, we received a $20 million favorable legal settlement. Purchased transportation expense increased $215 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($625 million year-to-date) compared to 2016, due to the acquisition of Marken, as well as increased truckload brokerage freight movement and the resulting increased fuel surcharges passed to us from outside transportation providers. Increased tonnage and third-party air carrier procurement rates in our North American and international air freight forwarding businesses, and increased volume and rates for mail services, also contributed to purchased transportation expenses. We realized a positive impact of currency exchange rates on operating expenses in the third quarter of 2017, while the year-to-date impact was negative.
UPS Freight operating expenses increased $77 million for the third quarter of 2017 ($171 million year-to-date) compared to 2016. Total cost per LTL shipment increased 7.7% for the third quarter of 2017 (4.8% year-to-date) compared with 2016. The increase in operating expense was largely due to costs associated with operating our linehaul network ($34 million over the prior year quarter and $94 million year-to-date) and increases in pick-up and delivery costs ($26 million over the prior year quarter and $58 million year-to-date). The network costs and pick-up and delivery expenses were driven by higher fuel cost and higher expense for outside transportation carriers (largely due to LTL volume growth and fuel surcharges passed to us by outside carriers). Operating expenses related to our casualty self-insurance reserves also increased both for the quarter and year-to-date.
Operating expenses for the other businesses within Supply Chain & Freight increased $3 million in 2017 ($16 million year-to-date) compared with 2016.
Operating Profit and Margin
Total operating profit for the Supply Chain & Freight segment increased $20 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($98 million year-to-date) compared with 2016. The impact of currency was neutral for both the quarter and year-to-date.
Operating profit for the Forwarding and Logistics units increased $4 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($57 million year-to-date) compared with 2016. Operating profit and margins for the North American air freight business decreased in the third quarter of 2017 due to a shift in product mix and capacity constraints. On a year-to-date basis, operating profit and margins for the North American air freight business increased due to higher volumes. Operating profit and margins in our international air freight forwarding business increased due to volume increases and higher revenue per kilo, slightly offset by higher rates at which we procure capacity from third-party air carriers. Operating profit for the logistics units improved from 2017 compared to 2016, due to strong performance in the U.S. as well as within our mail services. Additionally, the Marken acquisition in 2016 contributed to the increase in operating profit.
UPS Freight operating profit remained flat in the third quarter of 2017 ($19 million increase year-to-date) compared with 2016, as increased volume, tonnage and pricing were offset by increased purchased transportation costs as well as higher casualty self-insurance reserves.
The combined operating profit for all of our other businesses in this segment increased $16 million in 2017 ($22 million year-to-date) compared to 2016.


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Consolidated Operating Expenses
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
%
 
2017
 
2016
 
%
Operating Expenses (in millions):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and Benefits
$
8,221

 
$
7,857

 
4.6
%
 
$
24,457

 
$
23,448

 
4.3
%
Repairs and Maintenance
398

 
386

 
3.1
%
 
1,180

 
1,150

 
2.6
%
Depreciation and Amortization
572

 
554

 
3.2
%
 
1,688

 
1,661

 
1.6
%
Purchased Transportation
2,652

 
2,212

 
19.9
%
 
7,461

 
6,306

 
18.3
%
Fuel
636

 
541

 
17.6
%
 
1,873

 
1,480

 
26.6
%
Other Occupancy
282

 
248

 
13.7
%
 
845

 
762

 
10.9
%
Other Expenses
1,182

 
1,096

 
7.8
%
 
3,504

 
3,273

 
7.1
%
Total Operating Expenses
$
13,943

 
$
12,894

 
8.1
%
 
$
41,008

 
$
38,080

 
7.7
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency (Benefit) / Cost - (in millions)*
 
 
 
 
$
59

 
 
 
 
 
$
(71
)
* Amount represents the change in currency translation compared to the prior year.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation and Benefits
Employee payroll costs increased $284 million for the third quarter of 2017 ($705 million year-to-date) compared with 2016, largely due to higher U.S. domestic hourly and management compensation costs. Total compensation costs increased 5.9% for the third quarter 2017 (4.9% year-to-date), while consolidated average daily volume growth was 4.6% (4.5% year-to-date). U.S. Domestic compensation costs for hourly employees increased largely due to contractual union wage increases and higher volume growth driving headcount increases and a 6.2% increase in average daily union labor hours (5.0% year-to-date). Compensation costs for management employees increased primarily due to merit salary increases and growth in the overall size of the workforce.
Benefits expense increased $80 million for the third quarter of 2017 ($304 million year-to-date) compared with 2016 primarily due to the following factors:
•
Health and welfare costs increased $55 million for the third quarter ($169 million year-to-date), largely due to increased contributions to multiemployer plans resulting from contractual contribution rate increases and an overall increase in the size of the workforce.
•
Pension expense decreased $27 million for the third quarter ($2 million year-to-date), primarily due to asset returns in company sponsored plans driven by discretionary contributions. This decrease was offset by additional expense for multiemployer pension plans, which was impacted by contractual contribution rate increases and an overall increase in the size of the workforce.
•
Vacation, holiday, bonus, excused absence, payroll tax and other expenses increased $49 million for the third quarter ($159 million year-to-date), due to salary increases and growth in the overall size of the workforce.
•
Workers' compensation expense was relatively flat in the third quarter (down $22 million year-to-date), as increases in work hours, medical trends and wage increases were mainly offset by favorable adjustments from actuarial studies. Insurance reserves are established for estimates of the loss that we will ultimately incur on reported workers' compensation claims, as well as estimates of claims that have been incurred but not reported, and take into account a number of factors including our history of claim losses, payroll growth and the impact of safety improvement initiatives.

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Repairs and Maintenance
The $12 million increase in repairs and maintenance expense for the third quarter of 2017 ($30 million year-to-date) compared with 2016 was primarily due to routine repairs to buildings and facilities and vehicle maintenance costs.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $18 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($27 million year-to-date) compared with 2016, primarily due to the following factors: (1) depreciation expense on vehicles increased due to an overall increase in the size of our vehicle fleet in our U.S. Domestic Package and UPS Freight operations, (2) depreciation expense for buildings and facilities due to facility automation and capacity expansion projects and (3) amortization expense of intangible assets in conjunction with the Marken acquisition. These factors were largely offset by a decrease in amortization expense related to longer lived internally developed capitalized software.
Purchased Transportation
The $440 million increase in purchased transportation expense charged to us by third-party air, rail, ocean and truck carriers for the third quarter of 2017 ($1.155 billion year-to-date) compared with 2016 was primarily driven by the following factors:
•
Expense for our Forwarding and Logistics businesses increased $215 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($625 million year-to-date) compared to 2016, primarily due to increased truckload brokerage freight loads per day and the resulting increased fuel surcharges passed to us from outside transportation providers; increased volume and rates for mail services and increased tonnage in our North American and international air freight forwarding businesses. Additionally, purchased transportation expense increased due to the acquisition of Marken in December 2016.
•
International Package expense increased $85 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($167 million year-to-date) compared to 2016, primarily due to the increased usage of third-party carriers (higher volume); higher fuel surcharges passed to us from outside transportation providers and an unfavorable impact of currency exchange rate movements.
•
Expense for our U.S. Domestic Package segment increased $76 million for the third quarter of 2017 ($217 million year-to-date) compared to 2016, primarily due to increased volume (including SurePost), rates and higher fuel surcharges passed to us from outside contract carriers.
•
Expense for our UPS Freight business increased $53 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($115 million year-to-date) compared to 2016, due to an increase in LTL shipments and higher fuel surcharges passed to us from outside transportation providers.
Fuel
The $95 million increase in fuel expense for the third quarter of 2017 ($393 million year-to-date) compared with 2016 was primarily due to higher jet fuel, diesel and unleaded gasoline prices, which increased fuel expense by $61 million ($295 million year-to-date). Additionally, increased fuel consumption, primarily due to increases in total aircraft block hours and Domestic Package delivery miles driven, increased expense by $40 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($114 million year-to-date). These increases were partially offset by increased fuel efficiency.
Other Occupancy
Other occupancy expense increased $34 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($83 million year-to-date) as compared to 2016, primarily due to an increase in utility costs and the expansion of facilities.

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Other Expenses
The $86 million increase in other expense in the third quarter of 2017 ($231 million year-to-date) compared with 2016 was attributable to a number of factors:
•
Transportation equipment rental expense increased by $13 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($30 million year-to-date) and was affected by the growth in package volume.
•
Automotive liability insurance expense increased by $3 million in the third quarter of 2017 ($34 million year-to-date) largely due to more miles driven, medical rate trends and unfavorable severity experience trends.
•
We also incurred increases in several other expense categories, including professional service fees and maintenance agreements, partially offset by a decrease in advertising expense and the impacts from a favorable legal settlement in the second quarter of 2017.

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Other Income and (Expense)
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
%
 
2017
 
2016
 
%
(in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment income and other
$
20

 
$
13

 
53.8
%
 
$
49

 
$
38

 
28.9
%
Interest expense
$
(111
)
 
$
(94
)
 
18.1
%
 
$
(324
)
 
$
(281
)
 
15.3
%
Investment Income and Other
The growth in investment income and other for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017, as compared to 2016, was primarily due to a decrease in losses from fair value adjustments on real estate partnerships and higher yields on invested assets, offset by foreign currency exchange rate movements.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased in the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2017, as compared to 2016, primarily due to an increase in average outstanding commercial paper balances, an increase in long-term debt and higher effective interest rates on senior notes.
Income Tax Expense
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
%
 
2017
 
2016
 
%
(in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income Tax Expense
$
680

 
$
683

 
(0.4
)%
 
$
1,954

 
$
1,982

 
(1.4
)%
Effective Tax Rate
35.0
%
 
35.0
%
 
 
 
33.9
%
 
35.1
%
 
 
Our effective tax rate was 35.0% in the third quarter of 2017 and 2016 (33.9% year-to-date in 2017 compared to 35.1% in the same period of 2016). In the first quarter of 2017, we adopted a new accounting standard that requires the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation in income tax expense, which resulted in discrete tax benefits for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 of $62 million and reduced our year-to-date effective tax rate by 1.1%. There was no significant impact related to the adoption of the new accounting standard in the third quarter of 2017. See note 2 and note 14 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional discussion.
 


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Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 30, 2017, we had $4.461 billion in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. We believe that our current cash position, access to the long-term debt capital markets and cash flow generated from operations should be adequate not only for operating requirements but also to enable us to complete our capital expenditure programs and to fund dividend payments, share repurchases and long-term debt payments through the next several fiscal years. In addition, we have funds available from our commercial paper program and the ability to obtain alternative sources of financing. We regularly evaluate opportunities to optimize our capital structure, including through issuances of debt to refinance existing debt and to fund ongoing cash needs.
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
The following is a summary of the significant sources (uses) of cash from operating activities (amounts in millions):
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
Net income
$
3,806

 
$
3,670

Non-cash operating activities (a)
3,059

 
2,583

Pension and postretirement benefit contributions (UPS-sponsored plans)
(2,585
)
 
(1,298
)
Hedge margin receivables and payables
(632
)
 
(230
)
Income tax receivables and payables
152

 
100

Changes in working capital and other non-current assets and liabilities
609

 
561

Other operating activities
9

 
(23
)
Net cash from operating activities
$
4,418

 
$
5,363

___________________ 
(a)
Represents depreciation and amortization, gains and losses on derivative transactions and foreign exchange, deferred income taxes, provisions for uncollectible accounts, pension and postretirement benefit expense, stock compensation expense, and other non-cash items.
Net cash from operating activities decreased $945 million through the third quarter of 2017 compared with 2016, largely due to higher pension and postretirement benefit contributions and reduced receipts of hedge margin collateral from counterparties. We made contributions to our company-sponsored pension and U.S. postretirement medical benefit plans totaling $2.585 and $1.298 billion year-to-date 2017 and 2016, respectively. The net hedge margin collateral received from derivative counterparties decreased by $402 million in 2017 relative to 2016, due to settlements and decreased net fair value asset positions of the derivative contracts used in our currency and interest rate hedging programs. These items were partially offset by $136 million higher net income, $48 million improvements in our working capital position and $52 million increase in net cash tax receipts. The improvement in our working capital position in 2017 was primarily driven by favorable changes in the timing of cash receipts and payments.
As of September 30, 2017, our worldwide holdings of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities was $4.461 billion, of which $2.296 billion was held by non-U.S. subsidiaries. The amount of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities held by our U.S. and non-U.S subsidiaries fluctuates throughout the year due to a variety of factors, including the timing of cash receipts and disbursements in the normal course of business. Cash provided by operating activities in the U.S. continues to be our primary source of funds to finance U.S. operating needs, capital expenditures, share repurchases and dividend payments to shareowners. To the extent that international profits represent previously untaxed earnings, cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities held by non-U.S. subsidiaries could be subject to tax if such amounts were repatriated in the form of dividends; however, not all non-U.S. cash balances would have to be repatriated in the form of a dividend if returned to the U.S. When amounts earned by non-U.S. subsidiaries are expected to be indefinitely reinvested, no accrual for taxes is provided.

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Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Our primary sources (uses) of cash from investing activities were as follows (amounts in millions):
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
Net cash used in investing activities
$
(3,618
)
 
$
(2,027
)
 
 
 
 
Capital Expenditures:
 
 
 
Buildings and facilities
$
(2,024
)
 
$
(948
)
Aircraft and parts
(590
)
 
(20
)
Vehicles
(685
)
 
(547
)
Information technology
(409
)
 
(322
)
 
$
(3,708
)
 
$
(1,837
)
 
 
 
 
Capital Expenditures as a % of Revenue
(7.9
)%
 
(4.2
)%
 
 
 
 
Other Investing Activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment
$
18

 
$
76

Net (increase) decrease in finance receivables
$
(1
)
 
$
4

Net (purchases), sales and maturities of marketable securities
$
114

 
$
(212
)
Cash paid for business acquisitions, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired
$
(61
)
 
$
(3
)
Other investing activities
$
20

 
$
(55
)
We have commitments for the purchase of aircraft, vehicles, equipment and real estate to provide for the replacement of existing capacity and anticipated future growth. We generally fund our capital expenditures with our cash from operations.
Capital spending on buildings and facilities increased in the first nine months of 2017 in our U.S. and international package businesses, largely due to several facility automation and capacity expansion projects. Capital spending on aircraft increased in 2017 compared to 2016, due to contract deposits on open aircraft orders on 13 new Boeing 747-8F cargo aircraft and one previously owned Boeing 767-300 cargo aircraft, and final payments associated with the delivery of one Boeing 747-8F and two previously owned Boeing 767-300 cargo aircraft. Capital spending on information technology increased in the first nine months of 2017 compared to the corresponding period of 2016, largely due to the timing of purchases of hardware and capitalized software projects. Capital spending on vehicles increased in the first nine months of 2017 in our U.S. and international package businesses, largely due to the timing of vehicle replacements.
Future capital spending will depend on a variety of factors, including economic and industry conditions. We anticipate that our total capital expenditures for 2017 will be approximately $4.6 to $5.3 billion, which includes planned purchase deposits for aircraft on order.
The net change in finance receivables was primarily due to growth in our cargo finance products offset by loan principal paydowns in our business credit and leasing portfolios. The purchases and sales of marketable securities are largely determined by liquidity needs and the periodic rebalancing of investment types and will fluctuate from period to period.
Cash paid for business acquisitions during the first nine months of 2017 was related to the purchases of Freightex, Nightline and other smaller acquisitions compared to the acquisition of The UPS Store area franchise rights in 2016. Other investing activities are impacted by changes in our non-current investments and restricted cash balances, capital contributions into certain investment partnerships and various other items.
 


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Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Our primary sources (uses) of cash from financing activities are as follows (amounts in millions, except per share data):
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2017
 
2016
Net cash used in financing activities
$
(914
)
 
$
(2,781
)
Share Repurchases:
 
 
 
Cash expended for shares repurchased
$
(1,346
)
 
$
(2,007
)
Number of shares repurchased
(12.3
)
 
(19.5
)
Shares outstanding at period end
862

 
873

Percent reduction in shares outstanding
(0.7
)%
 
(1.5
)%
Dividends:
 
 
 
Dividends declared per share
$
2.49

 
$
2.34

Cash expended for dividend payments
$
(2,085
)
 
$
(1,987
)
Borrowings:
 
 
 
Net borrowings of debt principal
$
2,524

 
$
1,006

Other Financing Activities:
 
 
 
Cash received for common stock issuances
$
177

 
$
196

Other financing activities
$
(184
)
 
$
11

Capitalization:
 
 
 
Total debt outstanding at period end
$
18,910

 
$
15,326

Total shareowners’ equity at period end
1,539

 
2,767

Total capitalization
$
20,449

 
$
18,093

Debt to Total Capitalization %
92.5
 %
 
84.7
 %
We repurchased a total of 12.3 million shares of class A and class B common stock for $1.352 billion in the first nine months of 2017, and 19.3 million shares for $2.004 billion in the first nine months of 2016 ($1.346 and $2.007 billion in repurchases for 2017 and 2016, respectively, are reported on the statements of consolidated cash flows due to unsettled repurchases).
In May 2016, the Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase authorization of $8.0 billion, which has no expiration date. As of September 30, 2017, we had $4.803 billion of this share repurchase authorization available.
Share repurchases may take the form of accelerated share repurchases, open market purchases or other such methods as we deem appropriate. The timing of our share repurchases will depend upon market conditions. Unless terminated earlier by the resolution of our Board, the program will expire when we have purchased all shares authorized for repurchase under the program. We anticipate repurchasing approximately $1.8 billion of shares in 2017.
The declaration of dividends is subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on various factors, including our net income, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other relevant factors. We increased our quarterly cash dividend payment to $0.83 per share in 2017, compared with the previous $0.78 quarterly dividend rate in 2016. We expect to continue the practice of paying regular cash dividends.
Issuance of debt in the first nine months of 2017 consisted of fixed rate senior notes of $600 million, Canadian dollar denominated fixed rate senior notes of C$750 million ($547 million) and floating rate senior notes of $400 and $147 million in May and March 2017, respectively. Repayments of debt in the first nine months of 2017 and 2016 consisted primarily of commercial paper. We consider the overall fixed and floating interest rate mix of our portfolio and the related overall cost of borrowing when planning for future issuances and non-scheduled repayments of debt.

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We have classified our 5.50% senior notes due January 2018, with a principal balance $750 million, as a long-term liability based on our intent and ability as of September 30, 2017 to refinance the debt. We have also classified certain floating rate senior notes that are putable by the note holders as a long-term liability, due to our intent and ability to refinance the debt if the put option is exercised by the note holders.
As of September 30, 2017, our commercial paper programs had $4.120 billion outstanding, which includes $2.775 billion and €1.139 billion ($1.345 billion). The average balance of our U.S. dollar denominated commercial paper was $2.258 billion and the average interest rate paid was 0.81% during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The average balance of our euro denominated commercial paper was €1.381 billion ($1.632 billion) and the average interest rate was -0.39% during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The amount of commercial paper outstanding fluctuates throughout the year based on liquidity needs.
The variation in cash received from common stock issuances to employees was primarily due to the level of stock option exercises during the first nine months of 2017 and 2016.
The cash outflows in other financing activities were impacted by several factors. Cash inflows from the premium payments and settlements of capped call options for the purchase of UPS class B shares were $53 and $155 million during the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, respectively. Cash outflows related to the repurchase of shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations on vested employee stock awards were $236 and $159 million during the first nine months of 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Sources of Credit
See note 8 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our available credit and the financial covenants that we are subject to as part of our credit agreements.
Contractual Commitments
There have been no material changes to the contractual commitments described in Part II, Item 7 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 other than as described below.
We have contractual obligations and commitments for the purchase of aircraft, vehicles, technology equipment and building and leasehold improvements. New purchase commitments will provide additional capacity for increased demand for our air and ground network, hub automation and other expansion projects. Including these additional obligations, the expected cash outflow to satisfy our total purchase commitments is as follows (in millions): 2017 (remaining) - $761; 2018 - $2,304; 2019 - $932; 2020 - $295; 2021 - $55; and thereafter - $27.
Pension fundings represent discretionary contributions of $2.446 billion to our qualified pension and U.S. postretirement plans which were made during the first nine months of 2017. There are no anticipated required minimum cash contributions to our qualified U.S. pension plans (these plans are discussed further in note 6 to the consolidated financial statements).
Guarantees and Other Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have guarantees or other off-balance sheet financing arrangements, including variable interest entities, which we believe could have a material impact on our financial condition or liquidity.
Contingencies
See note 9 and note 6 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of judicial proceedings and other matters arising from the conduct of our business activities, and note 14 for a discussion of income tax related matters.

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Collective Bargaining Agreements
Status of Collective Bargaining Agreements
See note 6 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the status of our collective bargaining agreements.
Multiemployer Benefit Plans
See note 6 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our participation in multiemployer benefit plans.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
See note 2 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of recently adopted accounting standards.
Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Effective
See note 2 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for a discussion of accounting standards issued, but not yet effective.

Rate Adjustments
The following changes will take effect on December 24, 2017:

•
The rates for UPS Ground, UPS Air and International services, as well as UPS Air Freight rates within and between the U.S., Canada and Puerto Rico, will increase an average net 4.9%.
•
The dimensional weight divisor for packages less than or equal to one cubic foot in size (1,728 cubic inches) will be 139 for all U.S. domestic services subject to Daily Rates or Alaska and Hawaii Rates.
•
Criteria and pricing for Additional Handling and Large Package surcharges will change.

The rates for UPS Freight non-contractual less-than-truckload (LTL) shipments will increase an average net 4.9% effective December 24, 2017.


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Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risk from changes in certain commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices. All of these market risks arise in the normal course of business, as we do not engage in speculative trading activities. In order to manage the risk arising from these exposures, we utilize a variety of commodity, foreign exchange and interest rate forward contracts, options and swaps. A discussion of our accounting policies for derivative instruments and further disclosures are provided in note 13 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
The total fair value asset (liability) of our derivative financial instruments is summarized in the following table (in millions):
 
September 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Currency Derivatives
$
(193
)
 
$
302

Interest Rate Derivatives
103

 
150

Investment Market Price Derivatives
(47
)
 
(10
)
 
$
(137
)
 
$
442

Our market risks, hedging strategies and financial instrument positions at September 30, 2017 have not materially changed from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. In 2016, we entered into several foreign currency forwards on the Euro, British Pound Sterling, Canadian Dollar, Japanese Yen, Mexican Peso, Singapore Dollar and Indian Rupee, as well as terminated forwards that expired during the first nine months of 2017. We entered into several foreign currency options on the Euro, British Pound Sterling and Canadian Dollar, as well as terminated currency option positions that expired during the first nine months of 2017. We entered into new forwards to manage the market value fluctuations of certain investments in marketable securities, as well as terminated forwards that expired during the first nine months of 2017. The remaining fair value changes between December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017 in the preceding table are primarily due to interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate and market price changes between those dates.
The forward contracts, swaps and options previously discussed contain an element of risk that the counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreements; however, we minimize such risk exposures for these instruments by limiting the counterparties to banks and financial institutions that meet established credit guidelines and by monitoring counterparty credit risk to prevent concentrations of credit risk with any single counterparty.
We have agreements with all of our active counterparties (covering the majority of our derivative positions) containing early termination rights and/or zero threshold bilateral collateral provisions whereby cash is required based on the net fair value of derivatives associated with those counterparties. Events such as a credit rating downgrade (depending on the ultimate rating level) could also allow us to take additional protective measures such as the early termination of trades. Under these agreements, we held cash collateral of $48 million and were required to post $104 million in cash collateral with our counterparties as of September 30, 2017.
We have not historically incurred, and do not expect to incur in the future, any losses as a result of counterparty default.
The information concerning market risk in Item 7A under the caption “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, is hereby incorporated by reference in this report.

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Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures:
As of the end of the period covered by this report, management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based upon that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms; and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management to allow their timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting:
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
For a discussion of legal proceedings affecting us and our subsidiaries, please see note 9 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in Part 1, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(c) A summary of repurchases of our class A and class B common stock during the third quarter of 2017 is as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)
 
Average
Price Paid
Per Share
 
Total Number
of Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Program
 
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares that
May Yet be  Purchased
Under the Program
July 1 – July 31, 2017
1.3

 
$
111.37

 
1.3

 
$
5,111

August 1 – August 31, 2017
1.4

 
113.14

 
1.4

 
$
4,946

September 1 – September 30, 2017
1.2

 
116.92

 
1.2

 
$
4,803

Total July 1 – September 30, 2017
3.9

 
$
113.73

 
3.9

 
 
_________________ 
(1) 
Includes shares repurchased through our publicly announced share repurchase programs and shares tendered to pay the exercise price and tax withholding on employee stock options. 
In May 2016, the Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase authorization of $8.0 billion, which has no expiration date.
Share repurchases may take the form of accelerated share repurchases, open market purchases, or other such methods as we deem appropriate. The timing of our share repurchases will depend upon market conditions. Unless terminated earlier by the resolution of our Board, the program will expire when we have purchased all shares authorized for repurchase under the program. We anticipate repurchasing approximately $1.8 billion of shares in 2017.

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Item 6.
Exhibits
The following exhibits are either incorporated by reference into this report or filed with this report as indicated below.
 
 
 
3.1

  
—
  
 
 
 
3.2

  
—
  
 
 
 
 
 
11

  
—
  
 
 
 
 
 
†12

  
—
  
 
 
 
†31.1

  
—
  
 
 
 
†31.2

  
—
  
 
 
 
†32.1

  
—
  
 
 
 
†32.2

  
—
  
 
 
 
†101

  
—
  
The following financial information from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Statements of Consolidated Income, (iii) the Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows, and (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
___________________
†
Filed herewith.


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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
UNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC.
(Registrant)
 
 
 
Date:
November 2, 2017
By:
  
/S/    RICHARD N. PERETZ        
 
 
 
  
Richard N. Peretz
 
 
 
  
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Duly Authorized Officer and
Principal Accounting Officer)



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