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UNIVERSAL CORP /VA/ - Quarter Report: 2010 September (Form 10-Q)

Unassociated Document
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2010
 
OR
 
¨  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ____________________TO ____________________
 
Commission File Number:  001-00652
 
UNIVERSAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
54-0414210
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

9201 Forest Hill Avenue,
Richmond, Virginia
(Address of principal executive offices)
23235
(Zip Code)

804-359-9311
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes x   No ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).   Yes x  No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (check one):
Large accelerated filer  x    Accelerated filer  ¨     Non-accelerated filer  ¨    Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ¨   No x

As of November 1, 2010, the total number of shares of common stock outstanding was 23,793,065.

 
 

 

UNIVERSAL CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Item No.
   
Page
   
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
1.
  
Financial Statements
3
2.
 
Management's Discussion and Analysis of  Financial Condition and Results of Operations
25
3.
 
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
29
4.
  
Controls and Procedures
30
       
 
  
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
1.
  
Legal Proceedings
31
1A.
  
Risk Factors
32
2.
  
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
33
6.
 
Exhibits
33
       
   
Signatures
34

 
2

 

PART I.    FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

UNIVERSAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND RETAINED EARNINGS
(In thousands of dollars, except per share data)
 
   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Six Months Ended
September 30,
 
   
2010
   
2009
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
 
Sales and other operating revenues
  $ 664,188     $ 647,918     $ 1,203,104     $ 1,264,030  
Costs and expenses
                               
Cost of goods sold
    530,914       500,575       967,593       977,323  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    51,649       71,478       111,832       141,070  
Restructuring costs
    2,020             2,969        
Operating income
    79,605       75,865       120,710       145,637  
Equity in pretax earnings of unconsolidated affiliates
    2,014       5,605       2,392       9,246  
Interest income
    1,416       231       1,860       796  
Interest expense
    5,862       6,694       10,988       14,849  
Income before income taxes and other items
    77,173       75,007       113,974       140,830  
Income taxes
    23,390       20,335       35,773       42,354  
Net income
    53,783       54,672       78,201       98,476  
Less:  net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries
    (1,952 )     (2,157 )     (1,050 )     (2,216 )
Net income attributable to Universal Corporation
    51,831       52,515       77,151       96,260  
Dividends on Universal Corporation convertible perpetual preferred stock
    (3,713 )     (3,713 )     (7,425 )     (7,425 )
Earnings available to Universal Corporation common shareholders
  $ 48,118     $ 48,802     $ 69,726     $ 88,835  
                                 
Earnings per share attributable to Universal Corporation common shareholders:
                               
Basic
  $ 2.00     $ 1.97     $ 2.89     $ 3.57  
Diluted
  $ 1.78     $ 1.77     $ 2.65     $ 3.23  
                                 
Retained earnings - beginning of year
                  $ 767,213     $ 686,960  
Net income attributable to Universal Corporation
                    77,151       96,260  
Cash dividends declared:
                               
Series B 6.75% Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock
                    (7,425 )     (7,425 )
Common stock (2010 - $0.94 per share; 2009 - $0.92 per share)
                    (22,583 )     (22,821 )
Dividend equivalents on restricted stock units
                    (202 )     (179 )
Repurchase of common stock - cost in excess of stated capital amount
                    (15,885 )     (8,873 )
Retained earnings - end of period
                  $ 798,269     $ 743,922  
 
See accompanying notes.

 
3

 
 
UNIVERSAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands of dollars)
 
   
September 30,
2010
   
September 30,
2009
   
March 31,
2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
       
ASSETS
                 
Current
                 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 43,816     $ 61,991     $ 245,953  
Accounts receivable, net
    315,290       293,985       266,960  
Advances to suppliers, net
    128,923       89,169       167,400  
Accounts receivable - unconsolidated affiliates
    68,493       39,199       11,670  
Inventories - at lower of cost or market:
                       
Tobacco
    1,076,984       919,842       812,186  
Other
    64,792       66,039       52,952  
Prepaid income taxes
    11,075       23,544       13,514  
Deferred income taxes
    47,342       48,503       47,074  
Other current assets
    74,227       74,236       75,367  
Total current assets
    1,830,942       1,616,508       1,693,076  
                         
Land
    15,866       16,188       16,036  
Buildings
    266,298       259,596       266,350  
Machinery and equipment
    551,551       523,380       532,824  
      833,715       799,164       815,210  
Less accumulated depreciation
    (503,859 )     (476,256 )     (485,723 )
      329,856       322,908       329,487  
Other assets
                       
Goodwill and other intangibles
    105,444       106,036       105,561  
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates
    107,588       120,608       106,336  
Deferred income taxes
    30,177       15,080       30,073  
Other noncurrent assets
    90,431       115,342       106,507  
      333,640       357,066       348,477  
                         
Total assets
  $ 2,494,438     $ 2,296,482     $ 2,371,040  
 
See accompanying notes.

 
4

 

UNIVERSAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands of dollars)
 
   
September 30,
2010
   
September 30,
2009
   
March 31,
2010
 
   
(Unaudited)
   
(Unaudited)
       
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
                 
                   
Current
                 
Notes payable and overdrafts
  $ 372,727     $ 301,376     $ 177,013  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
    214,339       214,729       259,576  
Accounts payable - unconsolidated affiliates
    140       6,988       6,464  
Customer advances and deposits
    86,628       70,089       107,858  
Accrued compensation
    17,559       22,581       30,097  
Income taxes payable
    15,656       11,574       18,991  
Current portion of long-term obligations
    100,000             15,000  
Total current liabilities
    807,049       627,337       614,999  
                         
Long-term obligations
    326,466       331,905       414,764  
                         
Pensions and other postretirement benefits
    100,899       86,888       96,888  
                         
Other long-term liabilities
    52,936       73,845       69,886  
                         
Deferred income taxes
    45,459       55,035       46,128  
                         
Total liabilities
    1,332,809       1,175,010       1,242,665  
                         
Shareholders' equity
                       
  Universal Corporation:
                       
Preferred stock:
                       
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, no par
                       
value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued
                       
or outstanding
                 
Series B 6.75% Convertible Perpetual Preferred Stock,
                       
no par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, 219,999
                       
shares issued and outstanding (219,999 at
                       
September 30, 2009, and March 31, 2010)
    213,023       213,023       213,023  
Common stock, no par value, 100,000,000 shares
                       
authorized, 23,908,085 shares issued and outstanding
                       
(24,715,901 at September 30, 2009, and 24,325,228
                       
at March 31, 2010)
    194,523       195,227       195,001  
Retained earnings
    798,269       743,922       767,213  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (51,122 )     (36,745 )     (52,667 )
Total Universal Corporation shareholders' equity
    1,154,693       1,115,427       1,122,570  
                         
  Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries
    6,936       6,045       5,805  
                         
Total shareholders' equity
    1,161,629       1,121,472       1,128,375  
                         
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
  $ 2,494,438     $ 2,296,482     $ 2,371,040  
 
See accompanying notes.

 
5

 

UNIVERSAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands of dollars)
 
   
Six Months Ended
September 30,
 
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Unaudited)
 
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
           
Net income
  $ 78,201     $ 98,476  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used by operating activities:
               
Depreciation
    21,516       20,524  
Amortization
    814       1,020  
Provisions for losses on advances and guaranteed loans to suppliers
    7,363       8,827  
Foreign currency remeasurement loss (gain), net
    (183 )     8,562  
Restructuring costs
    2,969        
Other, net
    (15,239 )     8,562  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net
    (410,647 )     (279,720 )
Net cash used by operating activities
    (315,206 )     (133,749 )
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
               
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
    (23,345 )     (26,429 )
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment, and other
    5,684       2,134  
Net cash used by investing activities
    (17,661 )     (24,295 )
                 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
               
Issuance (repayment) of short-term debt, net
    190,000       125,997  
Repayment of long-term obligations
    (10,000 )     (79,500 )
Issuance of common stock
          72  
Repurchase of common stock
    (19,540 )     (10,947 )
Dividends paid on convertible perpetual preferred stock
    (7,425 )     (7,425 )
Dividends paid on common stock
    (22,779 )     (22,950 )
Net cash provided by financing activities
    130,256       5,247  
                 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    474       2,162  
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
    (202,137 )     (150,635 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
    245,953       212,626  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 43,816     $ 61,991  
 
See accompanying notes.

 
6

 

UNIVERSAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1.   BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Universal Corporation, with its subsidiaries (“Universal” or the “Company”), is the world’s leading leaf tobacco merchant and processor.  Because of the seasonal nature of the Company’s business, the results of operations for any fiscal quarter will not necessarily be indicative of results to be expected for other quarters or a full fiscal year.  All adjustments necessary to state fairly the results for the period have been included and were of a normal recurring nature.  Certain amounts in prior year statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. This Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010.

NOTE 2.   ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent Pronouncements Adopted Through September 30, 2010

In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 168, "The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles - a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162" ("SFAS 168"). This Statement established the newly-developed FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("Codification") as the single source of authoritative U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for all nongovernmental entities. All guidance in the Codification carries the same level of authority, and all changes or additions to GAAP are now issued as Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU’s”). In addition to the Codification, rules and interpretive releases of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under federal securities laws remain sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants. Universal was required to adopt SFAS 168 effective September 30, 2009. SFAS 168 did not make any changes to existing accounting guidance that impacted the Company’s accounting and financial reporting.

Through September 30, 2010, Universal adopted the following recent accounting pronouncements:

 
·
FASB Accounting Standards Update 2010-06, "Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements" ("ASU 2010-06"), which was issued by the FASB in January 2010 and is effective for interim and annual financial statements for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2009. ASU 2010-06 expands and clarifies the disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements. It requires companies to disclose separately the amounts of significant transfers in and out of Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and describe the reasons for the transfers. In addition, information about purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements on a gross basis is required in the reconciliation of Level 3 fair-value measurements. ASU 2010-06 also clarifies existing fair value measurement disclosure guidance related to level of disaggregation, fair value inputs, and valuation techniques. Universal was required to apply most provisions of the new guidance effective April 1, 2010, the beginning of the current fiscal year. The adoption of ASU 2010-06 did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

 
·
FASB Staff Position No. 132(R)-1, "Employers' Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets" ("FSP 132(R)-1"), adopted effective March 31, 2010. This pronouncement, which is now a part of Topic 715 of the Codification, requires expanded disclosures about plan assets of defined benefit pension or other postretirement benefit plans. The new disclosures include information about investment allocation decisions, categories of plan assets, the inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of those assets, and significant concentrations of credit risk. The disclosures required by FSP 132(R)-1 were included in the Company’s annual financial statements at March 31, 2010 and did not have a material effect on those financial statements.

 
·
FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 165, "Subsequent Events" ("SFAS 165"), adopted effective June 30, 2009. SFAS 165, which is now set forth under Topic 855 of the Codification, establishes standards for accounting and disclosure for events occurring after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. It defines the period after the balance sheet date during which events or transactions should be evaluated for potential recognition or disclosure, and it provides guidance on recognition and disclosure of actual transactions or events occurring after the balance sheet date. The adoption of SFAS 165 did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

 
7

 

Pronouncements to be Adopted in Future Periods
 
In addition to the above accounting pronouncements adopted through September 30, 2010, the following pronouncement has been issued and will become effective in fiscal year 2012:

 
·
FASB Accounting Standards Update 2009-13, "Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements" ("ASU 2009-13"), which was issued by the FASB in October 2009. ASU 2009-13 establishes a selling price hierarchy for determining the selling price of a deliverable in a multiple-deliverable arrangement. It also requires additional disclosures about the methods and assumptions used to evaluate multiple-deliverable arrangements and to identify the significant deliverables within those arrangements. ASU 2009-13 is effective prospectively for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified in fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010, which means that Universal will be required to adopt the guidance effective April 1, 2011, the beginning of its fiscal year 2012. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of ASU 2009-13, but does not currently expect that it will have a material effect on its financial statements.

 
8

 

NOTE 3.   GUARANTEES, OTHER CONTINGENT LIABILITIES, AND OTHER MATTERS
 
Guarantees and Other Contingent Liabilities

Guarantees of bank loans to growers for crop financing and construction of curing barns or other tobacco producing assets are industry practice in Brazil and support the farmers’ production of tobacco there.  At September 30, 2010, the Company’s total exposure under guarantees issued by its operating subsidiary in Brazil for banking facilities of farmers in that country was approximately $87 million ($108 million face amount including unpaid accrued interest, less $21 million recorded for the fair value of the guarantees).  About 75% of these guarantees expire within one year, and all of the remainder expire within five years.  The subsidiary withholds payments due to the farmers on delivery of tobacco and forwards those payments to the third-party banks.  Failure of farmers to deliver sufficient quantities of tobacco to the subsidiary to cover their obligations to the third-party banks could result in a liability for the subsidiary under the related guarantees; however, in that case, the subsidiary would have recourse against the farmers.  The maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company’s subsidiary could be required to make at September 30, 2010, was the face amount, $108 million including unpaid accrued interest ($132 million as of September 30, 2009, and $112 million at March 31, 2010).  The fair value of the guarantees was a liability of approximately $21 million at September 30, 2010 ($22 million at September 30, 2009, and $26 million at March 31, 2010).  In addition to these guarantees, the Company has other contingent liabilities totaling approximately $53 million, primarily related to a bank guarantee that bonds an appeal of a 2006 fine in the European Union, as discussed below.

European Commission Fines and Other Legal Matters

European Commission Fines in Spain

In October 2004, the European Commission (the “Commission”) imposed fines on “five companies active in the raw Spanish tobacco processing market” totaling €20 million for “colluding on the prices paid to, and the quantities bought from, the tobacco growers in Spain.”  Two of the Company’s subsidiaries, Tabacos Espanoles S.A. (“TAES”), a purchaser and processor of raw tobacco in Spain, and Deltafina, S.p.A. (“Deltafina”), an Italian subsidiary, were among the five companies assessed fines.  In its decision, the Commission imposed a fine of €108,000 on TAES and a fine of €11.88 million on Deltafina.  Deltafina did not and does not purchase or process raw tobacco in the Spanish market, but was and is a significant buyer of tobacco from some of the Spanish processors.  The Company recorded a charge of about €12 million (approximately $14.9 million at the September 2004 exchange rate) in the second quarter of fiscal year 2005 to accrue the full amount of the fines assessed against the Company’s subsidiaries.

In January 2005, Deltafina filed an appeal in the General Court of the European Union.  A hearing was held in June 2009, and on September 8, 2010, the General Court issued its decision, in which it reduced the amount of the Deltafina fine to €6.12 million. The General Court held in part that the Commission erred in finding Deltafina acted as the leader of the Spanish cartel, and that the Commission’s corresponding increase of the underlying fine by 50% was not justified. If either Deltafina or the Commission chooses to appeal the decision of the General Court, such appeal must be filed by November 22, 2010.  If the decision is appealed, an ultimate resolution to the matter could take several years.  The Company had deposited funds in an escrow account with the Commission in February 2005 in an amount equal to the original fine.  The Company has since received funds from escrow in an amount equal to the reduction by the General Court plus interest that had accrued thereon.  As a result of the General Court’s decision in the appeal, during the quarter ended September 30, 2010, the Company reversed €5.76 million (approximately $7.4 million) of the charge previously recorded to accrue the fine and recognized approximately $1.2 million of interest income returned on the escrow funds. The reversal of the fine is included in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of income.

9

 
European Commission Fines in Italy

In 2002, the Company reported that it was aware that the Commission was investigating certain aspects of the leaf tobacco markets in Italy.  Deltafina buys and processes tobacco in Italy.  The Company reported that it did not believe that the Commission investigation in Italy would result in penalties being assessed against it or its subsidiaries that would be material to the Company’s earnings.  The reason the Company held this belief was that it had received conditional immunity from the Commission because Deltafina had voluntarily informed the Commission of the activities that were the basis of the investigation.
    
On December 28, 2004, the Company received a preliminary indication that the Commission intended to revoke Deltafina’s immunity for disclosing in April 2002 that it had applied for immunity.  Neither the Commission’s Leniency Notice of February 19, 2002, nor Deltafina’s letter of provisional immunity, contains a specific requirement of confidentiality.  The potential for such disclosure was discussed with the Commission in March 2002, and the Commission never told Deltafina that disclosure would affect Deltafina’s immunity.  On November 15, 2005, the Company received notification from the Commission that the Commission had imposed fines totaling €30 million (about $41 million at the September 30, 2010 exchange rate) on Deltafina and the Company jointly for infringing European Union antitrust law in connection with the purchase and processing of tobacco in the Italian raw tobacco market.
 
The Company does not believe that the decision can be reconciled with either the Commission’s Statement of Objections or the facts.  In January 2006, the Company and Deltafina each filed appeals in the General Court of the European Union.  Deltafina’s appeal was held on September 28, 2010.  For strategic reasons related to the defense of the Deltafina appeal, Universal withdrew its appeal.  Based on consultation with outside legal counsel, the Company believes it is probable that Deltafina will prevail in the appeals process and has not accrued a charge for the fine.  If the Company and Deltafina are ultimately found liable for the full amount of the fine, then accumulated interest on the fine would also be due and payable. Accumulated interest totaled approximately €4.9 million (about $6.7 million) at September 30, 2010.  Deltafina has provided a bank guarantee to the Commission in the amount of the fine plus accumulated interest in order to stay execution during the appeals process.
 
 Other Legal Matters

In addition to the above-mentioned matters, various subsidiaries of the Company are involved in other litigation and tax examinations incidental to their business activities.  While the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, management is vigorously defending these matters and does not currently expect that any of them will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position. However, should one or more of these matters be resolved in a manner adverse to management’s current expectation, the effect on the Company’s results of operations for a particular fiscal reporting period could be material.
 
Assignment of Farmer Contracts in Brazil

In October 2010, Universal’s operating subsidiary in Brazil completed the assignment of tobacco production contracts with approximately 8,100 farmers to a subsidiary of Philip Morris International (“PMI”).  As part of the transaction, the PMI subsidiary acquired various related assets and hired certain employees who previously worked for the Company in agronomy and leaf procurement functions.  The farmer contracts assigned represent approximately 20% of the annual volume handled by the Company in Brazil during the most recent crop year.  The Company expects to continue to supply processed leaf and provide processing services in Brazil to PMI and its subsidiaries.  The assignment of the farmer contracts and related assets will be reflected in the Company’s operating results in the quarter ending December 31, 2010. Total proceeds of approximately $34 million received in the transaction exceeded the net book value of the assets conveyed.
 
10


NOTE 4.   RESTRUCTURING COSTS

Universal continually reviews its business for opportunities to realize efficiencies, reduce costs, and realign its operations in response to business changes. During the six months ended September 30, 2010, the Company recorded restructuring costs associated with initiatives taken to adjust various operations and reduce costs.  Most of the restructuring costs represent employee termination benefits associated with voluntary early retirement offers and involuntary separations that affected 34 positions through September 2010.  A summary of the restructuring costs and related payments through September 30, 2010, is as follows:
 
(in thousands of dollars)
 
Employee
Termination
Benefits
   
Other Costs
   
Total
 
Costs charged to expense during fiscal year 2011:
                 
Quarter ended June 30, 2010
  $ 949     $     $ 949  
Quarter ended September 30, 2010
    1,980       40       2,020  
                         
Payments during fiscal year 2011:
                       
Quarter ended September 30, 2010
    (1,701 )     (40 )     (1,741 )
Restructuring liability at September 30, 2010
  $ 1,228     $     $ 1,228  
 
The majority of the restructuring costs relate to operations that are part of the Company’s North America and Other Regions reportable segments. Most of the restructuring liability at September 30, 2010, will be paid before the end of the current fiscal year.  The Company expects to incur additional restructuring costs and may also incur asset impairment charges in future periods as additional cost savings initiatives are implemented.
 
 
11

 

NOTE 5.   EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Six Months Ended
September 30,
 
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
2010
   
2009
   
2010
   
2009
 
                         
Basic Earnings Per Share
                       
Numerator for basic earnings per share
                       
Net income attributable to Universal Corporation
  $ 51,831     $ 52,515     $ 77,151     $ 96,260  
Less:  Dividends on convertible perpetual preferred stock
    (3,713 )     (3,713 )     (7,425 )     (7,425 )
Earnings available to Universal Corporation common shareholders for calculation of basic earnings per share
    48,118       48,802       69,726       88,835  
                                 
Denominator for basic earnings per share
                               
Weighted average shares outstanding
    24,081       24,801       24,147       24,892  
                                 
Basic earnings per share
  $ 2.00     $ 1.97     $ 2.89     $ 3.57  
                                 
Diluted Earnings Per Share
                               
Numerator for diluted earnings per share
                               
Earnings available to Universal Corporation common shareholders
  $ 48,118     $ 48,802     $ 69,726     $ 88,835  
Add:  Dividends on convertible perpetual preferred stock (if conversion assumed)
    3,713       3,713       7,425       7,425  
Earnings available to Universal Corporation common shareholders for calculation of diluted earnings per share
    51,831       52,515       77,151       96,260  
                                 
Denominator for diluted earnings per share:
                               
Weighted average shares outstanding
    24,081       24,801       24,147       24,892  
Effect of dilutive securities (if conversion or exercise assumed)
                               
Convertible perpetual preferred stock
    4,747       4,732       4,745       4,730  
Employee share-based awards
    225       162       242       147  
                                 
Denominator for diluted earnings per share
    29,053       29,695       29,134       29,769  
                                 
Diluted earnings per share
  $ 1.78     $ 1.77     $ 2.65     $ 3.23  
 
For the six months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, certain employee share-based awards were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive.  These awards included stock appreciation rights and stock options totaling 725,401 shares at a weighted-average exercise price of $51.15 for the period ended September 30, 2010, and 725,201 shares at a weighted-average exercise price of $50.33 for the period ended September 30, 2009.
 
 
12

 

NOTE 6.   COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Comprehensive income for each period presented in the consolidated statements of income and retained earnings was as follows:

   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Six Months Ended
September 30,
 
(in thousands of dollars - all amounts net of income taxes)
 
2010
   
2009
   
2010
   
2009
 
                         
Net income
  $ 53,783     $ 54,672     $ 78,201     $ 98,476  
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    12,567       5,448       1,161       13,592  
Foreign currency hedge adjustment
    2,663       3,056       465       14,268  
Total comprehensive income
    69,013       63,176       79,827       126,336  
                                 
Less:  comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries (including foreign currency translation adjustment)
    (2,062 )     (2,199 )     (1,131 )     (2,274 )
Comprehensive income attributable to Universal Corporation
  $ 66,951     $ 60,977     $ 78,696     $ 124,062  

NOTE 7.   INCOME TAXES

The Company is subject to the tax laws of many jurisdictions.  Changes in tax laws or the interpretation of tax laws can affect the Company's earnings, as can the resolution of pending and contested tax issues.  The consolidated income tax rate is affected by a number of factors, including the mix of domestic and foreign earnings and investments, local tax rates of subsidiaries, repatriation of foreign earnings, and the Company's ability to utilize foreign tax credits.
 
The Company’s consolidated effective income tax rates on pre-tax earnings were approximately 30% and 31% for the quarter and six months ended September 30, 2010, respectively.  The rates were lower than the 35% U.S. statutory rate primarily due to continued earnings of subsidiaries in the Company’s African region, which allowed the recognition of foreign tax credits.  For the quarter and six months ended September 30, 2009, the effective income tax rates were approximately 27% and 30%, respectively.  In addition to the recognition of foreign tax credits related to subsidiaries in the African region, the effective rates for the periods ended September 2009 benefited from the reversal of income taxes recorded for uncertain tax positions due to the expiration of the statute of limitations for the related tax years.

NOTE 8.     DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

Universal is exposed to various risks in its worldwide operations and uses derivative financial instruments to manage two specific types of risks – interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk.  Interest rate risk has been managed by entering into interest rate swap agreements, and foreign currency exchange rate risk has been managed by entering into forward foreign currency exchange contracts.  However, the Company’s policy also permits other instruments.  In addition, management works to manage foreign currency exchange rate risk by minimizing net monetary positions in non-functional currencies, which may include using local borrowings.  The disclosures below provide additional information about the Company’s hedging strategies, the derivative instruments used, and the effects of these activities on the consolidated statements of income and the consolidated balance sheets.  In the consolidated statements of cash flows, the cash flows associated with all of these activities are reported in net cash provided (used) by operating activities.

13

 
Fair Value Hedging Strategy for Interest Rate Risk

The Company has entered into interest rate swap agreements to manage its exposure to interest rate risk, with a strategy of maintaining a level of floating rate debt that approximates the interest rate exposure on its committed inventories.  The strategy is implemented by borrowing at floating interest rates and converting a portion of the Company’s fixed-rate debt to floating rates.  The interest rate swap agreements allow the Company to receive amounts equal to the fixed interest payments it is obligated to make on the underlying debt instruments in exchange for making floating-rate interest payments that adjust semi-annually based on changes in the benchmark interest rate.

The Company’s interest rate swap agreements are designated and qualify as hedges of the exposure to changes in the fair value of the underlying debt instruments created by fluctuations in prevailing market interest rates.  In all cases, the critical terms of each interest rate swap agreement match the terms of the underlying debt instrument, and there is no hedge ineffectiveness.  The total notional amount of the Company’s receive-fixed/pay-floating interest rate swaps was $245 million at September 30, 2010 and March 31, 2010, and $170 million at September 30, 2009.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategy for Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Related to Forecast Purchases of Tobacco and Related Processing Costs

The majority of the tobacco production in most countries outside the United States where Universal operates is sold in export markets at prices denominated in U.S. dollars.  However, purchases of tobacco from farmers and most processing costs (such as labor and energy) in those countries are usually denominated in the local currency.  Changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the local currencies where tobacco is grown and processed affect the ultimate U.S. dollar cost of the processed tobacco and therefore can adversely impact the gross profit earned on the sale of that tobacco.  Since the Company is able to reasonably forecast the volume, timing, and local currency cost of its tobacco purchases and processing costs, it has routinely entered into forward contracts to sell U.S. dollars and buy the local currency at future dates that coincide with the expected timing of a portion of those purchases and costs.  This strategy contemplates the Company’s pricing arrangements with key customers and substantially eliminates the variability of future U.S. dollar cash flows for tobacco purchases and processing costs for the foreign currency notional amount hedged.  The hedging strategy has been used mainly for tobacco purchases and processing costs in Brazil, where the large crops, the terms of sale to customers, and the availability of derivative markets make it particularly desirable to manage the related foreign exchange rate risk.

For the crops bought, processed, and sold in fiscal years 2010 and 2011, all contracts related to tobacco purchases in Brazil were designated and qualify as hedges of the future cash flows associated with the forecast purchases of tobacco.  As a result, except for insignificant amounts related to any ineffective portion of the hedging strategy, changes in fair values of the forward contracts have been recognized in comprehensive income as they occurred, but only recognized in earnings upon  sale of the related tobacco to third-party customers.  Forward contracts related to processing costs have not been designated as hedges, and gains and losses on those contracts have been recognized in earnings on a mark-to-market basis.

From March through July 2010, the Company hedged approximately $109 million U.S. dollar notional amount related to 2009-2010 crop tobacco purchases in Brazil.  Additional forward contracts totaling approximately $58 million U.S. dollar notional amount were entered to mitigate currency exposure on processing costs related to that crop.  Purchases of the 2009-2010 crop were completed in July 2010, and all forward contracts to hedge those purchases matured and were settled by that time.  All hedge gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss were recognized in cost of goods sold with the sale of tobacco by September 30, 2010. As noted above, changes in the fair values of forward contracts related to processing costs were recognized in earnings each quarter on a mark-to-market basis.

From September 2008 through July 2009, the Company hedged approximately $241 million U.S. dollar notional amount related to 2008-2009 crop tobacco purchases in Brazil, primarily related to customer contractual requirements.  Purchases of that crop were completed in July 2009, and all forward contracts related to the crop matured and were settled by that time.  Sales of the 2008-2009 crop began during the first quarter of fiscal year 2010 and were completed by the end of the fiscal year.  As that tobacco was sold, all hedge gains and losses previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss were reclassified to cost of goods sold.

 
14

 

Hedging Strategy for Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Related to Net Local Currency Monetary Assets and Liabilities of Foreign Subsidiaries

Most of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries transact the majority of their sales in U.S. dollars and finance the majority of their operating requirements with U.S. dollar borrowings, and therefore use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency.  These subsidiaries normally have certain monetary assets and liabilities on their balance sheets that are denominated in the local currency.  Those assets and liabilities can include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable, advances to farmers and suppliers, deferred income tax assets and liabilities, recoverable value-added taxes, and other items.  Net monetary assets and liabilities denominated in the local currency are remeasured into U.S. dollars each reporting period, generating gains and losses that the Company records in earnings as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses.  The level of net monetary assets or liabilities denominated in the local currency normally fluctuates throughout the year based on the operating cycle, but it is most common for monetary assets to exceed monetary liabilities at most times of the year, sometimes by a significant amount.  When this situation exists and the local currency weakens against the U.S. dollar, remeasurement losses are generated.  Conversely, remeasurement gains are generated on a net monetary asset position when the local currency strengthens against the U.S. dollar.   Due to the size of its operations and the fact that it provides significant financing to farmers for crop production, the Company’s subsidiary in Brazil has significant exposure to currency remeasurement gains and losses due to fluctuations in exchange rates at certain times of the year.  To manage a portion of its exposure to currency remeasurement gains and losses in Brazil during fiscal year 2011, the Company entered into forward contracts to sell the Brazilian currency and buy U.S. dollars at future dates coinciding with expected changes in the overall net local currency monetary asset position of the subsidiary.  Gains and losses on the forward contracts were recorded in earnings as a component of selling, general, and administrative expenses as they occurred, and thus directly offset the related remeasurement losses or gains for the notional amount hedged in the consolidated statements of income.  Accordingly, the Company did not designate these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. The notional amount of these contracts totaled approximately $60 million in U.S. dollars. All of the contracts were entered and settled during the quarter ended June 30, 2010. No contracts were entered for this purpose in fiscal year 2010.  To further mitigate currency remeasurement exposure, some of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries have obtained short-term local currency financing during certain periods.  This strategy, while not involving the use of derivative instruments, is intended to minimize the subsidiary’s net monetary position by financing a portion of the local currency monetary assets with local currency monetary liabilities and thus hedging a portion of the overall position.

The Company has several foreign subsidiaries that transact the majority of their sales and finance the majority of their operating requirements in their local currency, and therefore use their respective local currencies as the functional currency for reporting purposes.  From time to time, these subsidiaries sell tobacco to customers in transactions that are not denominated in the functional currency.  In those situations, the subsidiaries routinely enter into forward exchange contracts to offset currency risk for the period of time that a fixed-price order and the related trade account receivable are outstanding with the customer.  The contracts are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes.

 
15

 

Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income

The table below outlines the effects of the Company’s use of derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of income for the quarters ended September 30, 2010 and 2009.

   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Six Months Ended
September 30,
 
(in thousands of dollars)
 
2010
   
2009
   
2010
   
2009
 
                         
Fair Value Hedges - Interest Rate Swap Agreements
                       
Derivative
                       
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings
  $ 2,919     $ 2,309     $ 6,701     $ 97  
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings
 
Interest expense
 
                                 
Hedged Item
                               
Description of hedged item
 
Fixed rate long-term debt
 
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings
  $ (2,919 )   $ (2,309 )   $ (6,701 )   $ (97 )
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings
 
Interest expense
 
                                 
Cash Flow Hedges - Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts
                               
Derivative
                               
  Effective Portion of Hedge
                               
Gain (loss) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss
  $ 459     $ 777     $ 88     $ 7,162  
Gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings
  $ 143     $ (3,584 )   $ 100     $ (13,218 )
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other
                               
comprehensive loss into earnings
 
Cost of goods sold
 
                                 
  Ineffective Portion and Early De-designation of Hedges
                               
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings
  $ 2     $ (428 )   $ 101     $ 1,444  
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
                                 
Hedged Item
                               
Description of hedged item
 
Forecast purchases of tobacco in Brazil
 
                                 
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges -
                               
Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts
                               
Contracts related to forecast processing costs and forecast purchases of tobacco,
                               
primarily in Brazil
                               
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings
  $ 1,015     $     $ 1,202     $  
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
                           
Contracts related to net local currency monetary assets and liabilities of subsidiary in Brazil
                         
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings
  $     $     $ 661     $  
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
                           
Contracts related to fixed-price orders and accounts receivable of non-U.S. dollar subsidiaries
                         
Gain (loss) recognized in earnings
  $ 1,086     $ (18 )   $ 342     $ 335  
Location of gain (loss) recognized in earnings
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
                                 
Total gain (loss) recognized in earnings for forward foreign
                               
currency exchange contracts not designated as hedges
  $ 2,101     $ (18 )   $ 2,205     $ 335  

For the interest rate swap agreements designated as fair value hedges, since the hedges have no ineffectiveness, the gain or loss recognized in earnings on the derivative is offset by a corresponding loss or gain on the underlying hedged debt.  For the forward foreign currency exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges of tobacco purchases in Brazil, no hedge gain or loss remained in accumulated other comprehensive loss at September 30, 2010.

16

 
Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

The table below outlines the effects of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2010 and 2009, and March 31, 2010:

   
Derivatives in a Fair Value Asset Position
 
Derivatives in a Fair Value Liability Position
 
   
Balance
 
Fair Value as of
 
Balance
 
Fair Value as of
 
   
Sheet
 
Sept. 30,
   
Sept. 30,
   
March 31,
 
Sheet
 
Sept. 30,
   
Sept. 30,
   
March 31,
 
(in thousands of dollars)
 
Location
 
2010
   
2009
   
2010
 
Location
 
2010
   
2009
   
2010
 
Derivatives Designated
                                         
as Hedging Instruments
                                         
Interest rate swap
 
Other
                                     
agreements
 
non-
                 
Long-term
                 
   
current
                 
obligations
                 
   
assets
  $ 16,466     $ 11,905     $ 10,358       $     $     $ 593  
                                                       
Forward foreign currency
 
Other
                       
Accounts
                       
exchange contracts
 
current
                       
payable and
                       
   
assets
                       
accrued
                       
                      84  
expenses
                73  
Total
      $ 16,466     $ 11,905     $ 10,442       $     $     $ 666  
Derivatives Not Designated
                                                     
as Hedging Instruments
                                                     
Forward foreign currency
 
Other
                       
Accounts
                       
exchange contracts
 
current
                       
payable and
                       
   
assets
                       
accrued
                       
        $ 579     $ 741     $ 740  
expenses
  $ 400     $ 10     $ 512  
Total
      $ 579     $ 741     $ 740       $ 400     $ 10     $ 512  

 
17

 

NOTE 9.   FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Universal measures certain financial and nonfinancial assets and liabilities at fair value based on applicable accounting guidance.  The financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value include money market funds, trading securities associated with deferred compensation plans, interest rate swap agreements, forward foreign currency exchange contracts, and guarantees of bank loans to tobacco growers.  The application of the fair value guidance to nonfinancial assets and liabilities primarily includes assessments of goodwill and long-lived assets for potential impairment.

Under the accounting guidance, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  The framework for measuring fair value under the guidance is based on a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between observable inputs (i.e., inputs that are based on market data obtained from independent sources) and unobservable inputs (i.e., inputs that require the Company to make its own assumptions about market participant assumptions because little or no market data exists).  There are three levels within the fair value hierarchy:

Level
 
Description
     
1
  
quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access as of the reporting date;
     
2
  
quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and
     
3
  
unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
  
In measuring the fair value of liabilities, the Company considers the risk of non-performance in determining fair value.

At September 30, 2010, the Company had certain financial assets and financial liabilities that were required to be measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis.  These assets and liabilities are listed in the table below and classified based on how their values were determined under the fair value hierarchy:

   
September 30, 2010
 
(in thousands of dollars)
 
Level 1
   
Level 2
   
Level 3
   
Total
 
                         
Assets:
                       
Trading securities associated with deferred compensation plans
  $ 19,337     $     $     $ 19,337  
Interest rate swaps
          16,466             16,466  
Forward foreign currency exchange contracts
          579             579  
Total assets
  $ 19,337     $ 17,045     $     $ 36,382  
                                 
Liabilities:
                               
Guarantees of bank loans to tobacco growers
  $     $     $ 21,224     $ 21,224  
Forward foreign currency exchange contracts
          400             400  
Total liabilities
  $     $ 400     $ 21,224     $ 21,624  

 
18

 

Trading securities associated with deferred compensation plans

Trading securities represent mutual fund investments that are matched to employee deferred compensation obligations.  These investments are bought and sold as employees defer compensation, receive distributions, or make changes in the funds underlying their accounts.  Quoted market prices (Level 1) are used to determine the fair values of the mutual funds and their underlying securities.

Interest rate swaps

The fair values of interest rate swap contracts are determined based on dealer quotes using a discounted cash flow model matched to the contractual terms of each instrument.  Since inputs to the model are observable and significant judgment is not required in determining the fair values, interest rate swaps are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Forward foreign currency exchange contracts

The fair values of forward foreign currency exchange contracts are also determined based on dealer quotes using a discounted cash flow model matched to the contractual terms of each instrument.  Since inputs to the model are observable and significant judgment is not required in determining the fair values, forward foreign currency exchange contracts are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Guarantees of bank loans to tobacco growers

The fair values of the Company’s guarantees of bank loans to tobacco growers are determined by using internally-tracked historical loss data for such loans to develop an estimate of future losses under the guarantees outstanding at the measurement date.  The present value of the cash flows associated with those estimated losses is then calculated at a risk-adjusted interest rate.  This approach is sometimes referred to as the “contingent claims valuation method.”  Although historical loss data is an observable input, significant judgment is required in applying this information to the portfolio of guaranteed loans outstanding at each measurement date and in selecting a risk-adjusted interest rate.  The guarantees of bank loans to tobacco growers are therefore classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

A reconciliation of the change in the balance of the financial liability for guarantees of bank loans to tobacco growers (Level 3) for the six months ended September 30, 2010, is as follows:

(in thousands of dollars)
 
Six Months
Ended
September 30, 2010
 
       
Balance at beginning of year
  $ 25,997  
Transfer to allowance for loss on direct loans to farmers (removal of prior crop year loans from portfolio and addition of current crop year loans)
    (6,288 )
Change in discount rate and estimated collection period
    674  
Currency remeasurement
    841  
Balance at end of period
  $ 21,224  

The effects of currency remeasurement and the change in discount rate and estimated collection period are recorded in earnings and reported in selling, general, and administrative expense. Universal has not elected to report at fair value any financial instruments or other items not otherwise required to be reported at fair value under current accounting guidance.


 
19

 

NOTE 10.   PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS

The Company has several defined benefit pension plans covering U.S. salaried employees and certain foreign and other employee groups.  These plans provide retirement benefits based primarily on employee compensation and years of service.  The Company also provides postretirement health and life insurance benefits for eligible U.S. employees attaining specific age and service levels.

The components of the Company’s net periodic benefit cost were as follows:

   
Pension Benefits
   
Other Postretirement Benefits
 
   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
   
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
(in thousands of dollars)
 
2010
   
2009
   
2010
   
2009
 
                         
Service cost
  $ 1,242     $ 1,026     $ 204     $ 164  
Interest cost
    3,556       3,698       625       706  
Expected return on plan assets
    (3,703 )     (3,455 )     (36 )     (38 )
Net amortization and deferral
    997       244       (78 )     (255 )
Net periodic benefit cost
  $ 2,092     $ 1,513     $ 715     $ 577  
 
   
Pension Benefits
   
Other Postretirement Benefits
 
   
Six Months Ended
September 30,
   
Six Months Ended
September 30,
 
(in thousands of dollars)
 
2010
   
2009
   
2010
   
2009
 
                         
Service cost
  $ 2,482     $ 2,041     $ 408     $ 327  
Interest cost
    7,103       7,366       1,249       1,411  
Expected return on plan assets
    (7,399 )     (6,891 )     (72 )     (76 )
Settlement cost
          1,250              
Net amortization and deferral
    1,993       490       (156 )     (510 )
Net periodic benefit cost
  $ 4,179     $ 4,256     $ 1,429     $ 1,152  

During the six months ended September 30, 2010, the Company made contributions of approximately $3.4 million to its qualified and non-qualified pension plans.  Additional contributions of approximately $3.4 million are expected during the remaining six months of fiscal year 2011.

20

 
NOTE 11.   STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 
Universal’s shareholders have approved Executive Stock Plans (“Plans”) under which officers, directors, and employees of the Company may receive grants and awards of common stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance share awards (“PSAs”), stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), incentive stock options, and non-qualified stock options.  The Company’s practice is to award grants of stock-based compensation to officers on an annual basis at the first regularly scheduled meeting of the Executive Compensation, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”) in the fiscal year, which is scheduled on a day between two and twelve business days following the public release of the Company’s annual financial results.  The Compensation Committee administers the Company’s Plans consistently following previously defined guidelines.  Awards of restricted stock, RSUs, PSAs, SARs, and non-qualified stock options are currently outstanding under the Plans.  The non-qualified stock options and SARs have an exercise price equal to the closing price of a share of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.  All stock options currently outstanding are fully vested and exercisable, and they expire ten years after the grant date.  The SARs are settled in shares of common stock, vest in equal one-third tranches one, two, and three years after the grant date, and expire ten years after the grant date, except that SARs granted after fiscal year 2007 expire on the earlier of three years after the grantee’s retirement date or ten years after the grant date.  The RSUs vest five years from the grant date and are then paid out in shares of common stock.  Under the terms of the RSU awards, grantees receive dividend equivalents in the form of additional RSUs that vest and are paid out on the same date as the original RSU grant.  The PSAs vest three years from the grant date, are paid out in shares of common stock at the vesting date, and do not carry rights to dividends or dividend equivalents prior to vesting.  Shares ultimately paid out under PSA grants are dependent on the achievement of predetermined performance measures established by the Compensation Committee and can range from zero to 150% of the stated award.  The Company’s outside directors automatically receive restricted stock units or shares of restricted stock following each annual meeting of shareholders.  RSUs awarded to outside directors vest three years from the grant date, and restricted shares vest upon the individual’s retirement from service as a director.

 During the six-month periods ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, Universal issued the following stock-based awards, representing the regular annual grants to officers and outside directors of the Company:

   
Six Months Ended
September 30,
 
   
2010
   
2009
 
             
SARs:
           
Number granted
    153,600       253,800  
Exercise price
  $ 39.71     $ 35.30  
Grant date fair value
  $ 8.35     $ 7.85  
                 
RSUs:
               
Number granted
    53,700       63,450  
Weighted average grant date fair value
  $ 41.14     $ 35.30  
                 
PSAs:
               
Number granted
    38,400       63,450  
Grant date fair value
  $ 33.95     $ 29.67  
                 
Restricted Shares:
               
Number granted
          17,550  
Grant date fair value
  $     $ 39.76  
 
21

 
The grant date fair value of the SARs was estimated using the Black-Scholes pricing model and the following assumptions:
  
   
2010
   
2009
 
             
Expected term
 
5.0 years
   
5.0 years
 
Expected volatility
    35.3 %     39.0 %
Expected dividend yield
    4.73 %     5.21 %
Risk-free interest rate
    2.36 %     2.51 %
 
Fair value expense for stock-based compensation is recognized ratably over the period from grant date to the earlier of:  (1) the vesting date of the award, or (2) the date the grantee is eligible to retire without forfeiting the award.  For employees who are already eligible to retire at the date an award is granted, the total fair value of all non-forfeitable awards is recognized as expense at the date of grant.  As a result, Universal typically incurs higher stock compensation expense in the first quarter of each fiscal year when grants are awarded than in the other three quarters.  For PSAs, the Company generally recognizes fair value expense ratably over the performance and vesting period based on management’s judgment of the ultimate award that is likely to be paid out based on the achievement of the predetermined performance measures.  For of the six-month periods ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, the Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense of approximately $3.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively.  The Company expects to recognize stock-based compensation expense of approximately $2.6 million during the remaining six months of fiscal year 2011.
 
 
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NOTE 12.   OPERATING SEGMENTS
  
The principal approach used by management to evaluate the Company’s performance is by geographic region, although some components of the business are evaluated on the basis of their worldwide operations.  The Company evaluates the performance of its segments based on operating income after allocated overhead expenses (excluding significant non-recurring charges or credits), plus equity in pretax earnings of unconsolidated affiliates.

Operating results for the Company’s reportable segments for each period presented in the consolidated statements of income and retained earnings were as follows:

   
Three Months Ended 
September 30,
   
Six Months Ended 
September 30,
 
(in thousands of dollars) 
 
2010
   
2009
   
2010
   
2009
 
                         
SALES AND OTHER OPERATING REVENUES
                       
                         
Flue-cured and burley leaf tobacco operations:
                       
North America
  $ 56,751     $ 49,874     $ 119,918     $ 86,006  
Other regions (1)
    559,939       547,177       961,758       1,068,349  
Subtotal
    616,690       597,051       1,081,676       1,154,355  
Other tobacco operations (2)
    47,498       50,867       121,428       109,675  
                                  
Consolidated sales and other operating revenues
  $ 664,188     $ 647,918     $ 1,203,104     $ 1,264,030  
                                 
OPERATING INCOME
                               
                                 
Flue-cured and burley leaf tobacco operations:
                               
North America
  $ 11,998     $ 7,948     $ 15,690     $ 8,254  
Other regions (1)
    58,583       61,477       90,910       125,386  
Subtotal
    70,581       69,425       106,600       133,640  
Other tobacco operations (2)
    5,613       12,045       12,026       21,243  
                                 
Segment operating income
    76,194       81,470       118,626       154,883  
                                 
Deduct: Equity in pretax earnings of unconsolidated affiliates (3)
    (2,014 )     (5,605 )     (2,392 )     (9,246 )
  Restructuring costs (4)
    (2,020 )           (2,969 )      
Add:     Reversal of European Commission fines (4)
    7,445             7,445        
                                 
Consolidated operating income
  $ 79,605     $ 75,865     $ 120,710     $ 145,637  
  
(1)
Includes South America, Africa, Europe, and Asia regions, as well as inter-region eliminations.
(2) 
Includes Dark Air-Cured, Special Services, and Oriental, as well as inter-company eliminations.  Sales and other operating revenues for this reportable segment include limited amounts for Oriental because its financial results consist principally of equity in the pretax earnings of an unconsolidated affiliate.
(3) 
Item is included in segment operating income, but not included in consolidated operating income.
(4) 
Item is not included in segment operating income, but is included in consolidated operating income.
 
 
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NOTE 13. 
CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND NONCONTROLLINGINTERESTS IN SUBSIDIARIES
  
A reconciliation of the changes in Universal Corporation shareholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries for the six months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009 is as follows:

 
   
Six Months Ended 
September 30, 2010
   
Six Months Ended 
September 30, 2009
 
   
Universal
   
Noncontrolling
         
Universal
   
Noncontrolling
       
(in thousands of dollars)
 
Corporation
   
Interests
   
Total
   
Corporation
   
Interests
   
Total
 
                                                 
Balance at beginning of year
  $ 1,122,570     $ 5,805     $ 1,128,375     $ 1,029,473     $ 3,771     $ 1,033,244  
                                                 
Changes in common stock
                                               
Issuance of common stock
                      72             72  
Repurchase of common stock
    (3,580 )           (3,580 )     (2,374 )           (2,374 )
Accrual of stock-based compensation
    3,465             3,465       3,313             3,313  
Withholding of shares for grantee
                                               
income taxes (RSUs)
    (565 )           (565 )                  
Dividend equivalents on RSUs
    202             202       179             179  
                                                 
Changes in retained earnings
                                               
Net income (loss)
    77,151       1,050       78,201       96,260       2,216       98,476  
Cash dividends declared
                                               
Series B 6.75% convertible perpetual
                                               
  preferred stock
    (7,425 )           (7,425 )     (7,425 )           (7,425 )
Common stock
    (22,583 )           (22,583 )     (22,821 )           (22,821 )
Repurchase of common stock
    (15,885 )           (15,885 )     (8,873 )           (8,873 )
Dividend equivalents on RSUs
    (202 )           (202 )     (179 )           (179 )
                                                 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
                                               
Translation adjustments, net of
                                               
income taxes.
    1,080       81       1,161       13,534       58       13,592  
Foreign currency hedge adjustment,
                                               
net of income taxes
    465             465       14,268             14,268  
                                                 
Balance at end of period.
  $ 1,154,693     $ 6,936     $ 1,161,629     $ 1,115,427     $ 6,045     $ 1,121,472  
 
 
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ITEM 2. 
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the following “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Among other things, these statements relate to the Company’s financial condition, results of operation, and future business plans, operations, opportunities, and prospects. In addition, the Company and its representatives may from time to time make written or oral forward-looking statements, including statements contained in other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and in reports to shareholders. These forward-looking statements are generally identified by the use of words such as we “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “could,” “should,” “may,” “plan,” “will,” “predict,” “estimate,” and similar expressions or words of similar import. These forward-looking statements are based upon management’s current knowledge and assumptions about future events and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any anticipated results, prospects, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, anticipated levels of demand for and supply of its products and services; costs incurred in providing these products and services; timing of shipments to customers; changes in market structure; changes in exchange rates; and general economic, political, market, and weather conditions.  For a further description of factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking statements, see Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010.  We caution investors not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements as these statements speak only as of the date when made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this report.  This Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview
 
The first half of the fiscal year is generally a period of significant working capital investment in both Brazil and Africa as crops are delivered by farmers.  In fiscal year 2011, we funded those requirements using cash on hand, short-term borrowings, customer advances, and operating cash flows. In addition, we continued our share repurchase program, which is based on free cash flow generated in prior years and an assessment of our future capital needs.

Our liquidity and capital resource requirements are predominantly short term in nature and relate to working capital for tobacco crop purchases.  Working capital needs are seasonal within each geographic region.  The geographic dispersion and the timing of working capital needs permit us to predict our general level of cash requirements, although crop size, prices paid to farmers, shipment and delivery timing, and currency fluctuations affect requirements each year. Peak working capital requirements are generally reached during the first and second fiscal quarters.  Each geographic area follows a cycle of buying, processing, and shipping, although in many regions, we also provide agricultural materials to farmers during the growing season.  The timing of the elements of each cycle is influenced by such things as local weather conditions and individual customer shipping requirements, which may change the level or the duration of crop financing.  Despite a predominance of short-term needs, we maintain a relatively large portion of our total debt as long-term to reduce liquidity risk.

Operating Activities
 
We used $315 million in net cash flow to fund operating activities during the first six months of fiscal year 2011.  Tobacco inventory, at $1.1 billion, was up $265 million over this period on seasonal tobacco crop purchases, later African and European shipments, and larger crops in Africa and the Philippines.  Tobacco inventory levels were $157 million higher than September 30, 2009, levels, due to the same factors.  Those purchases also reflected higher leaf costs partially due to the effect of the weaker U.S. dollar.  Inventory is usually financed with a mix of cash, notes payable, and customer deposits, depending on our borrowing capabilities, interest rates, and exchange rates, as well as those of our customers.

Advances to suppliers were $129 million at September 30, 2010, a reduction of $38 million from March 31, 2010, as crops were delivered in payment of those balances primarily in Asia, Africa, and Central America.  Compared to the same time last year, advances to suppliers were $40 million higher, reflecting higher balances in several areas, in part attributable to delays in completing the farmer guarantee cycle in Brazil.  Accounts receivable increased by $48 million compared to March 31, 2010, reflecting seasonal increases, and increased $21 million over September 30, 2009, levels due to later South American tobacco shipments this year.  Accounts receivable from unconsolidated affiliates were up $57 million in the six months and $29 million compared to the same period-end last year reflecting increased purchases of leaf by our affiliate in Zimbabwe.
 
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We generally do not purchase material quantities of tobacco on a speculative basis.  At September 30, 2010, our uncommitted inventories were $126 million, or about 12%, of total tobacco inventory, compared to $161 million, or about 20%, of our March 31, 2010, inventory, and $66 million, or about 7%, of our September 30, 2009 inventory.  These percentages are within normal ranges for our business within their respective times of year.

 
Investing Activities
 
During the six months ended September 30, 2010, we invested about $23 million in our fixed assets compared to $26 million in first six months of last year.  Depreciation expense was approximately $22 million and $21 million in the six months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.  Our intent is to limit maintenance capital spending to a level below depreciation expense in order to maintain strong cash flow.   However, from time to time larger projects may be undertaken.  Our capital expenditures in fiscal year 2010 included investments to expand and upgrade our processing facility in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, to accommodate the consolidation of our U.S. dark tobacco processing operations.  We have several other projects that will require about $20 million of capital investment in aggregate.  We spent approximately $9 million on these projects in fiscal year 2010, $7 million in the six months ended September 30, 2010, and we expect to spend the remaining $4 million later in the current fiscal year.
 
Financing Activities
 
We consider the sum of notes payable and overdrafts, long-term debt (including the current portion), and customer advances and deposits, less cash and cash equivalents on our balance sheet to be our net debt.  We also consider our net debt plus shareholders’ equity to be our net capitalization.  Net debt increased by about $373 million to $842 million during the six months ended September 30, 2010, primarily due to seasonal working capital requirements.  Net debt as a percentage of net capitalization was approximately 42% at September 30, 2010, and reflected normal seasonal expansion, within our target range.   It is up from about 29% at March 31, 2010, and up from approximately 36% at September 30, 2009.  Net debt was about $201 million higher than September 30, 2009 levels, reflecting later shipments this year and higher green tobacco costs.

As of September 30, 2010, we were in compliance with the covenants of our debt agreements.  We had $208 million available under a committed revolving credit facility that will expire on August 31, 2012, and $44 million in cash and cash equivalents.  Our short-term debt totaled $373 million, and we had $100 million of current maturities of long-term debt.  In addition, we had about $510 million in unused, uncommitted credit lines.  Our seasonal working capital requirements typically increase significantly between March and September and decline after mid-year.  Available capital resources from our cash balances, committed credit facility, and uncommitted credit lines exceed these anticipated needs, including capital expenditure requirements.

In November 2009, our Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase program, which superseded an expiring program.  The new program expires in November 2011 and authorizes purchases of up to $150 million of our common stock.  Under the authorization, we will purchase shares from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions at prices not exceeding prevailing market rates.  In determining our level of common share repurchase activity, our intent is to use only cash available after meeting our capital investment, dividend, and working capital requirements.  As a result, our execution of the repurchase program may vary as we realize changes in cash flow generation and availability.  During the six months ended September 30, 2010, we purchased 445,543 shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $19.5 million (average price per share of $43.69), based on trading dates, which brought our total purchases under the program to 841,928 shares at an aggregate cost of $39.3 million (average price per share of $46.63).  As of September 30, 2010, we had approximately 23.9 million common shares outstanding.

Derivatives
 
From time to time, we use interest rate swap agreements to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates.  These agreements typically adjust interest rates on designated long-term obligations from fixed to variable.  The swaps are accounted for as fair value hedges.  At September 30, 2010, the fair value of our outstanding interest rate swap agreements was $16.5 million, and the notional amount swapped was $245 million.

We also enter forward contracts from time to time to hedge certain foreign currency exposures, primarily related to forecast purchases of tobacco and related processing costs in Brazil, as well as our net monetary asset exposure in local currency there.  We generally account for our hedges of forecast tobacco purchases as cash flow hedges.  At September 30, 2010, there were no such open contracts.  We had other forward contracts outstanding that were not designated as hedges, and the fair value of those contracts was not material at September 30, 2010.
 
 
26

 
 
Results of Operations

Amounts included in the following discussion are attributable to Universal Corporation and exclude earnings related to non-controlling interests in subsidiaries.

Net income for the first half of fiscal year 2011, which ended on September 30, 2010, was $77.2 million, or $2.65 per diluted share. Results were lower than last year’s net income of $96.3 million, or $3.23 per diluted share, as most regions saw declines from last year’s strong performance. Those lower results reflected lower margins and volumes, which were in part due to delayed shipments. Revenues for the six months of about $1.2 billion were down about 5% on those lower volumes.
 
In addition, we recorded about $3 million in restructuring charges mostly related to our U.S. operations in the first six months of the year, of which $2 million were recorded in the second quarter.  We recognized the reversal of a portion of a previously recorded European Commission fine pertaining to our European subsidiary, Deltafina.  The fine was accrued in fiscal year 2005 and related to the Spanish tobacco processing market.  The reversal, which was recorded in the second quarter, was based on the decision in September of the General Court of the European Union to reduce, by half, the amount of the fine against Deltafina.  The reversal represented $7.4 million in income before taxes, or $0.17 per diluted share. We also recorded $1.2 million in interest income on funds that had been deposited to permit the appeal.
 
For the second quarter of fiscal year 2011, net income was $51.8 million, or $1.78 per diluted share, compared to last year’s net income of $52.5 million, or $1.77 per diluted share.  Results were nearly level with last year as the reversal of the European Commission fine offset restructuring charges and lower operating results from lower volumes, caused in part by shipping delays, and lower average margins. Revenues for the quarter of about $664 million were up 2.5%, reflecting higher prices of green leaf.
 
Flue-cured and Burley Operations
 
First Six Months
 
Operating income for the flue-cured and burley tobacco operations, which comprise the North America and Other Regions segments, was $106.6 million in the first half of fiscal year 2011, compared to $133.6 million for the first half last year, as a combination of lower margins and volumes as well as some delayed shipments in the Other Regions segment offset earnings improvements in North America.  Revenues were $1.1 billion, a 6.3% decline from last year, primarily because of lower volumes, in part caused by delayed shipments in Africa and Europe. In North America, operating income increased by over $7 million primarily due to an increase in sales of carryover tobacco from last year’s crop in the United States. Revenues for this segment also increased by 39%, to $120 million, primarily due to those higher volumes.  Earnings for the Other Regions segment were $90.9 million, a decline of about $35 million from last year’s first half.  The decline was caused primarily by a combination of lower margins and lower volumes, in part caused by shipment timing.  Asian performance improved on better product mix and a favorable currency remeasurement comparison; however, volumes were lower as shipments from India were delayed compared to prior years.  African shipments were substantially lower this year because the current crop shipments will be completed later, in part due to port congestion.  In South America, volumes were below last year, in part due to the smaller crop in Brazil caused by adverse weather conditions.  In addition, the strengthening currency in Brazil increased the cost of leaf there, making Brazilian leaf less competitive, and caused lower margins. In Europe, lower margins on higher farm prices for leaf combined with lower volumes and weaker local currencies reduced reported results.  In addition, some shipments from Italy have been delayed this year. Segment performance benefited from lower selling, general, and administrative expense, due in part to a prior year accrual related to the Company’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) matter.   Revenues for Other Regions were about $962 million, a 10% decline, from lower volumes, in part related to shipment timing in Africa, Asia, and Europe.
 
Second Quarter
 
In the second quarter of fiscal year 2011, operating income for flue-cured and burley operations increased slightly, to $70.6 million, compared to the same period last year. Revenues for the group at $616.7 million were higher, largely reflecting increased shipments from Brazil after delays in the first fiscal quarter.  Operating income for the North America segment increased by $4 million, mainly due to increased shipments of old crop tobacco, which also increased revenues.  Results for the Other Regions segment were down by about 4.7% from last year, to $58.6 million, as volumes and operating margins declined and shipments were delayed, particularly in Africa and Europe.   However, revenues for the group increased to $560 million on higher volumes, the higher cost of green leaf due in part to the weaker U.S. dollar, and a higher proportion of lamina in Brazilian shipments this year.
 
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Other Tobacco Operations
 
The Other Tobacco Operations segment operating income declined in both the quarter and the six months, primarily due to lower results from the oriental tobacco joint venture. Reduced volumes and lower margins combined with lower currency gains this year depressed results for this business for both periods. Dark tobacco results also declined for both periods due to lower margins, primarily related to operations in Indonesia, where currency costs and lower wrapper volumes reduced results. Revenues for this segment increased for the six months of fiscal year 2011, to $121 million, primarily related to the timing of customer deliveries by our just-in-time services group and increased dark tobacco shipments after a soft beginning to the prior year.  For the quarter, revenues in this segment declined, primarily because of lower imports of oriental tobacco into the United States.
 
Other Information
 
Cost of sales decreased by 1% to $968 million in the first half of the fiscal year, but increased by 6% for the quarter, primarily due to the weaker U.S. dollar and increased sales from Brazil that had been delayed from the first quarter. Selling, general, and administrative costs decreased significantly in both the second fiscal quarter and in the first half of the year.  The decrease in the first half was 21%, most of which was due to the $7.4 million effect on the second fiscal quarter of the reversal of the European Commission fine, and approximately $7 million benefit from lower currency remeasurement and exchange losses in the current year.  In addition prior year six-month results included accruals for costs associated with the FCPA matter. Interest expense was down in part because of interest costs accrued in last year’s second quarter related to the FCPA matter and in part because of lower effective interest rates. Interest income in the second quarter and the six months increased on the recognition of interest income on funds that had been escrowed to bond the appeal of the European Commission fine.  The effective income tax rates for the quarter and six months, at 30% and 31% respectively, were lower than the 35% U.S. federal statutory rate due to the recognition of foreign tax credits.  Those rates were slightly higher than the comparable periods last year.
 
General Overview
 
Although our second fiscal quarter results were similar to last year’s performance, we continue to experience shipment delays, primarily in Africa, Asia, and Europe.  We expect those shipments to be completed during the remainder of the fiscal year.
 
More fundamentally, we are beginning to see the effects of an oversupply of flue-cured leaf, despite the smaller Brazilian crop.  Successive large crops in several flue-cured sourcing areas have stimulated margin pressures from customers that are typical of an oversupplied market.  Following two fiscal years of higher than normal customer demand, we are seeing some decreases due to softer cigarette sales in some markets, which also can cause customers to reduce durations, thus accentuating the decline in leaf demand.
 
We have successfully navigated oversupplied markets throughout the history of the company, and although each one has unique features, the process is generally the same.  Crop sizes are lowered to permit supply to match demand.  We are also aggressively working to replace volumes where direct customer sourcing has changed our customer base, and thus far, we have had encouraging success in Brazil and Malawi. Except for the effect of our recent transaction with Philip Morris International in Brazil, we believe that we have seen the majority of the impact of these sourcing changes in this fiscal year.  We have effectively managed change in our business in the past and believe that we are well positioned to respond to it now.  We remain cautiously optimistic about fiscal year 2011, and we believe that we will achieve our objectives of preparing for the future by rationalizing our operations to reduce costs and replacing volumes as we meet the changing needs of our customers. We have made a first step in cost reduction during the first six months of the fiscal year with personnel reductions in our U.S. and South American operations. As we take additional steps this year, we expect to incur related charges in future periods.  We will continue a strong focus on operating improvements, cost reductions, and new business development as the year progresses.
 
Assignment of Farmer Contracts in Brazil

In October 2010, our operating subsidiary in Brazil completed the assignment of tobacco production contracts with approximately 8,100 farmers to a subsidiary of Philip Morris International (“PMI”).  As part of the transaction, the PMI subsidiary acquired various related assets and hired certain employees who previously worked for us in agronomy and leaf procurement functions.  The farmer contracts assigned represent approximately 20% of the annual volume we handled in Brazil during the most recent crop year.  We expect to continue to supply processed leaf and provide processing services in Brazil to PMI and its subsidiaries.  The assignment of the farmer contracts and related assets will be reflected in our operating results in the quarter ending December 31, 2010.  Total proceeds of approximately $34 million received in the transaction exceeded the net book value of the assets conveyed.

 
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ITEM 3.   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rates

After inventory is purchased, interest rate risk is limited in the tobacco business because major customers usually pre-finance purchases or pay market rates of interest for inventory purchased for their accounts.  Our customers pay interest on tobacco purchased for their order.  That interest is paid at rates based on current markets for variable-rate debt.  When we fund our committed tobacco inventory with fixed-rate debt, we may not be able to recover interest at that fixed rate if current market interest rates were to fall.  As of September 30, 2010, tobacco inventory of almost $1.1 billion included about $951 million in inventory that was committed for sale to customers and about $126 million that was not committed.  Committed inventory, after deducting $87 million in customer deposits, represents our net exposure of $864 million.  We normally maintain a substantial portion of our debt at variable interest rates either directly or through interest rate exchange agreements in order to mitigate interest rate risk related to carrying fixed-rate debt.  We also periodically have large cash balances that we use to fund seasonal tobacco purchases.  These cash balances reduce our financing needs.  Debt carried at variable interest rates was about $618 million at September 30, 2010.  Although a hypothetical 1% change in short-term interest rates would result in a change in annual interest expense of approximately $6 million, that amount would be mitigated by changes in charges to customers.  Our policy is to work toward a level of floating rate liabilities, including customer deposits, that reflects a substantial portion of our average committed inventory levels over time.  In addition to the $618 million of debt with variable interest rates, about $274 million of long-term debt has an effective average fixed rate of 5.44%.

Currency

The international tobacco trade generally is conducted in U.S. dollars, thereby limiting foreign exchange risk to that which is related to production costs, overhead, and income taxes in the source country.  We also provide farmer advances that are directly related to leaf purchases and are denominated in the local currency.  Any currency gains or losses on those advances are usually offset by decreases or increases in the cost of tobacco, which is priced in the local currency.  However, the effect of the offset may not occur until a subsequent quarter or fiscal year.  Most of our operations are accounted for using the U.S. dollar as the functional currency.  Because there are no forward foreign exchange markets in many of our major countries of tobacco origin, we generally manage our foreign exchange risk by matching funding for inventory purchases with the currency of sale, which is usually the U.S. dollar, and by minimizing our net local currency monetary position in individual countries.  We are vulnerable to currency gains and losses to the extent that monetary assets and liabilities denominated in local currency do not offset each other.  In addition to foreign exchange gains and losses, we are exposed to changes in the cost of tobacco due to changes in the value of the local currency in relation to the U.S. dollar.  For example, when we purchased the Brazilian crop in the beginning of fiscal year 2009, the local currency had appreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar, increasing the cost of the crop over the prior year, in U.S. dollar terms.  To reduce the volatility of costs, we enter into forward currency exchange contracts to hedge some of the effects of currency movements on purchases of tobacco and some processing costs, primarily related to the requirements of customer contracts.  In addition, we enter some forward contracts to hedge balance sheet exposures.

In certain tobacco markets that are primarily domestic, we use the local currency as the functional currency.  Examples of these domestic markets are Hungary, Poland, and the Philippines.  In other markets, such as Western Europe, where export sales have been primarily in local currencies, we also use the local currency as the functional currency.  In each case, reported earnings are affected by the translation of the local currency into the U.S. dollar.

Derivatives Policies

Hedging interest rate exposure using swaps and hedging foreign exchange exposure using forward contracts are specifically contemplated to manage risk in keeping with management's policies.  We may use derivative instruments, such as swaps, forwards, or futures, which are based directly or indirectly upon interest rates and currencies to manage and reduce the risks inherent in interest rate and currency fluctuations.  When we use foreign currency derivatives to mitigate our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations, we may choose not to designate them as hedges for accounting purposes, which may result in the effects of fair value changes for the derivatives being recognized in our earnings in periods different from the items that created the exposure.

We do not utilize derivatives for speculative purposes, and we do not enter into market risk-sensitive instruments for trading purposes.  Derivatives are transaction-specific so that a specific debt instrument, forecast purchase, contract, or invoice determines the amount, maturity, and other specifics of the hedge.
 
 
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ITEM 4.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
  
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports we file under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.  Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated, with the participation of other members of management, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.  There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting identified in connection with this evaluation that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
 
 
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PART II.   OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

European Commission Fines and Other Legal Matters

European Commission Fines in Spain
 
In October 2004, the European Commission (the “Commission”) imposed fines on “five companies active in the raw Spanish tobacco processing market” totaling €20 million for “colluding on the prices paid to, and the quantities bought from, the tobacco growers in Spain.”  Two of our subsidiaries, Tabacos Espanoles S.A. (“TAES”), a purchaser and processor of raw tobacco in Spain, and Deltafina, S.p.A. (“Deltafina”), an Italian subsidiary, were among the five companies assessed fines.  In its decision, the Commission imposed a fine of €108,000 on TAES and a fine of €11.88 million on Deltafina.  Deltafina did not and does not purchase or process raw tobacco in the Spanish market, but was and is a significant buyer of tobacco from some of the Spanish processors.  We recorded a charge of about €12 million (approximately $14.9 million at the September 2004 exchange rate) in the second quarter of fiscal year 2005 to accrue the full amount of the fines assessed against our subsidiaries.

In January 2005, Deltafina filed an appeal in the General Court of the European Union.  A hearing was held in June 2009, and on September 8, 2010, the General Court issued its decision, in which it reduced the amount of the Deltafina fine to €6.12 million. The General Court held in part that the Commission erred in finding Deltafina acted as the leader of the Spanish cartel, and that the Commission’s corresponding increase of the underlying fine by 50% was not justified. If either Deltafina or the Commission chooses to appeal the decision of the General Court, such appeal must be filed by November 22, 2010.  If the decision is appealed, an ultimate resolution to the matter could take several years.  We had deposited funds in an escrow account with the Commission in February 2005 in an amount equal to the original fine.  We have since received funds from escrow in an amount equal to the reduction by the General Court plus interest that had accrued thereon.  As a result of the General Court’s decision in the appeal, during the quarter ended September 30, 2010, we reversed €5.76 million (approximately $7.4 million) of the charge previously recorded to accrue the fine and recognized approximately $1.2 million of interest income returned on the escrow funds.  The reversal of the fine is included in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of income.
 
European Commission Fines in Italy

In 2002, we reported that we were aware that the Commission was investigating certain aspects of the leaf tobacco markets in Italy.  Deltafina buys and processes tobacco in Italy.  We reported that we did not believe that the Commission investigation in Italy would result in penalties being assessed against us or our subsidiaries that would be material to our earnings.  The reason we held this belief was that we had received conditional immunity from the Commission because Deltafina had voluntarily informed the Commission of the activities that were the basis of the investigation.

On December 28, 2004, we received a preliminary indication that the Commission intended to revoke Deltafina’s immunity for disclosing in April 2002 that it had applied for immunity.  Neither the Commission’s Leniency Notice of February 19, 2002, nor Deltafina’s letter of provisional immunity, contains a specific requirement of confidentiality.  The potential for such disclosure was discussed with the Commission in March 2002, and the Commission never told Deltafina that disclosure would affect Deltafina’s immunity.  On November 15, 2005, we received notification from the Commission that the Commission had imposed fines totaling €30 million (about $41 million at the September 30, 2010 exchange rate) on Deltafina and Universal Corporation jointly for infringing European Union antitrust law in connection with the purchase and processing of tobacco in the Italian raw tobacco market.

We do not believe that the decision can be reconciled with the Commission’s Statement of Objections and the facts.  In January 2006, Deltafina and Universal Corporation each filed appeals in the General Court of the European Union.  Deltafina’s appeal was held September 28, 2010.  For strategic reasons related to the defense of the Deltafina appeal, we withdrew our appeal.  Based on consultation with outside legal counsel, we believe it is probable that Deltafina will prevail in the appeals process, and we have not accrued a charge for the fine.  If both Deltafina and Universal Corporation were ultimately found liable for the full amount of the fine, then accumulated interest on the fine would also be due and payable. Accumulated interest totaled approximately €4.9 million (about $6.7 million) at September 30, 2010.  Deltafina has provided a bank guarantee to the Commission in the amount of the fine plus accumulated interest in order to stay execution during the appeals process.

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Other Legal Matters

In addition to the above-mentioned matters, some of our subsidiaries are involved in other litigation and tax examinations incidental to their respective business activities.  While the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, management is vigorously defending these matters and does not currently expect that any of them will have a material adverse effect on our financial position. However, should one or more of these matters be resolved in a manner adverse to management’s current expectation, the effect on our results of operations for a particular fiscal reporting period could be material.
  
ITEM 1A.   RISK FACTORS

As of the date of this report, there are no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2010.  In evaluating our risks, readers should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or operating results, in addition to the other information set forth in this report and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

ITEM 2.   UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
  
The following table summarizes our repurchases of equity securities for the three-month period ended September 30, 2010:

Period (1)
 
Total Number of Shares
Repurchased
   
Average Price Paid Per
Share(2)
   
Total Number of
Shares Repurchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced Plan or
Program(3)
   
Dollar Value of Shares
that May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs(3)
 
July 1, 2010 to July 31, 2010
        $           $ 120,022,568  
August 1, 2010 to August 31, 2010
    118,600       36.64       118,600       115,676,824  
September 1, 2010 to September 30, 2010
    128,720       38.35       128,720       110,740,423  
Total
    247,320     $ 37.53       247,320     $ 110,740,423  
  
(1)
Repurchases are based on the date the shares were traded.  This presentation differs from the consolidated statement of cash flows, where the cost of share repurchases is based on the date the transactions were settled.
(2)
Amounts listed for average price paid per share includes broker commissions paid in the transactions.
(3)
A stock repurchase plan, which was authorized by our Board of Directors, became effective and was publicly announced on November 5, 2009.   This stock repurchase plan authorizes the purchase of up to $150 million in common stock in open market or privately negotiated transactions, subject to market conditions and other factors.  This stock repurchase program will expire on the earlier of November 5, 2012, or when we have exhausted the funds authorized for the program.
 
 
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ITEM 6.   EXHIBITS
 
12
 
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges, and Ratio of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preference Dividends.*
     
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
     
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.*
     
32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.*
     
101.0
 
Interactive Data File (Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the quarterly and six-month periods ended September 30, 2010, furnished in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language)).
 
Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income and Retained Earnings for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009, (ii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2010, September 30, 2009 and March 31, 2010, and (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months and six months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009 and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text. Users of this data are advised pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T that this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

 
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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
Date: November 5, 2010
 
UNIVERSAL CORPORATION
   
(Registrant)
     
   
    /s/ David C. Moore
   
David C. Moore, Senior Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer
   
(Principal Financial Officer)
     
   
    /s/ Robert M. Peebles
   
Robert M. Peebles, Controller
   
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
 
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