Vacasa, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
| (Mark One) | |||||
| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022 | |||||
| or | |||||
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
For the transition period from_________to ________
Commission File Number: 001-41130
Vacasa, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________________
_________________________
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | 87-1995316 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
850 NW 13th Avenue | ||
Portland, OR 97209 | ||
| (Address of Principal Executive Office)(Zip Code) | ||
(503) 345-9399 | ||
| (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) | ||
| N/A | ||
| (Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) | ||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | ||||||
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.00001 per share | VCSA | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ | ||||
Non-accelerated filer ☒ | Smaller reporting company ☐ | ||||
Emerging growth company ☒ | |||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of November 7, 2022, 234,461,028 shares of the registrant's Class A Common Stock were outstanding, 197,277,069 shares of the registrant's Class B Common Stock were outstanding, and 6,333,333 shares of the registrant's Class G Common Stock were outstanding.
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| Table of Contents | |||||
| Page | |||||
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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Quarterly Report) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding our results of operations, financial position, growth strategy, seasonality, business strategy, policies, and approach, are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, in some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would,” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future results, performance, or achievements, and one should avoid placing undue reliance on such statements.
Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to us. Such beliefs and assumptions may or may not prove to be correct. Additionally, such forward-looking statements are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to various factors, including, but not limited to:
•our ability to achieve profitability;
•our ability to manage and sustain our growth;
•the effects of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, including as a result of new strains or variants of the virus, on our business, the travel industry, travel trends, and the global economy generally;
•the effects of global economic and capital markets conditions, such as rising energy prices, inflation and interest rates, on our business, the travel industry, travel trends, and the global economy generally;
•our expectations regarding our financial performance, including our revenue, costs, and Adjusted EBITDA;
•our ability to attract and retain homeowners and guests;
•our ability to compete in our industry;
•our expectations regarding the resilience of our model, including in areas such as domestic travel, short-distance travel, and travel outside of top cities;
•the effects of seasonal trends on our results of operations;
•the potential for future impairments of our long-lived assets or goodwill;
•our ability to make required payments under our credit agreement and to comply with the various requirements of our indebtedness;
•our ability to effectively manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
•the anticipated increase in expenses associated with being a public company;
•anticipated trends, developments, and challenges in our industry, business, and the highly competitive markets in which we operate;
•the sufficiency of our cash and cash equivalents to meet our liquidity needs;
•our ability to anticipate market needs or develop new or enhanced offerings and services to meet those needs;
•our ability to expand into new markets and businesses, expand our range of homeowner services, and pursue strategic acquisition and partnership opportunities;
•our ability to successfully acquire and integrate companies and assets;
•our ability to manage expansion into international markets;
•our ability to stay in compliance with laws and regulations, including tax laws, that currently apply or may become applicable to our business both in the United States and internationally and our expectations regarding various laws and restrictions that relate to our business;
•our expectations regarding our tax liabilities and the adequacy of our reserves;
•our ability to effectively manage our growth, expand our infrastructure, and maintain our corporate culture;
•our ability to identify, recruit, and retain skilled personnel, including key members of senior management;
•the effects of labor shortages and increases in wage and labor costs in our industry;
•the safety, affordability, and convenience of our platform and our offerings;
•our ability to keep pace with technological and competitive developments;
•our ability to maintain and enhance brand awareness;
•our ability to successfully defend litigation brought against us and our ability to secure adequate insurance coverage to protect the business and our operations;
•our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our intellectual property; and
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•those risks, uncertainties, and assumptions described in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" and Part II, Item 7 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (2021 Annual Report) and Part I, Item 2, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Part II, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" of this Quarterly Report and in our subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Some of these risks and uncertainties may in the future be amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic and there may be additional risks that we consider immaterial or which are unknown. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. It is not possible to predict or identify all such risks.
The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements and our actual future results, levels of activity, performance, and achievements may be materially different from what we expect.
These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report, whether as a result of any new information, future events, or otherwise.
Basis of Presentation
Vacasa, Inc. was incorporated on July 1, 2021 under the laws of the state of Delaware as a wholly owned subsidiary of Vacasa Holdings LLC (Vacasa Holdings) for the purpose of consummating the business combination described herein. In December 2021, Vacasa, Inc. merged with TPG Pace Solutions Corp., with Vacasa, Inc. continuing as the surviving entity, following which Vacasa, Inc. consummated a series of reorganization transactions through which Vacasa, Inc. became the sole manager of, and the owner of approximately 50.3% of the outstanding equity interests in, Vacasa Holdings, and Vacasa Holdings cancelled its ownership interest in Vacasa, Inc. For the period from inception to December 6, 2021, Vacasa, Inc. had no operations, assets or liabilities. Unless otherwise indicated, the financial information included herein is that of Vacasa Holdings, which, following the business combination, became the business of Vacasa, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Additionally, unless the context otherwise requires, references herein to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer (a) after December 6, 2021, to Vacasa, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries and (b) prior to December 6, 2021, to Vacasa Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries.
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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Vacasa, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except par value)
(unaudited)
| As of September 30, | As of December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 150,791 | $ | 353,842 | |||||||
| Restricted cash | 241,032 | 165,294 | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 36,134 | 48,989 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 24,011 | 19,325 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 451,968 | 587,450 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 67,362 | 67,186 | |||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 223,524 | 216,499 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 832,887 | 754,506 | |||||||||
| Other long-term assets | 64,680 | 11,269 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,640,421 | $ | 1,636,910 | |||||||
| Liabilities, Temporary Equity, and Equity (Deficit) | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 38,803 | $ | 34,786 | |||||||
| Funds payable to owners | 235,621 | 214,301 | |||||||||
| Hospitality and sales taxes payable | 57,635 | 46,958 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 114,550 | 107,252 | |||||||||
| Future stay credits | 5,584 | 30,995 | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 100,671 | 71,833 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 552,864 | 506,125 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt, net of current portion | 125 | 512 | |||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 74,039 | 112,123 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 627,028 | $ | 618,760 | |||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) | |||||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 625,224 | 1,770,096 | |||||||||
| Equity (Deficit): | |||||||||||
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.00001, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 228,575,135 and 214,793,795 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. | 23 | 21 | |||||||||
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.00001, 487,276,085 shares authorized; 203,655,967 and 212,751,977 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. | 20 | 21 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 1,167,939 | — | |||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (779,002) | (751,929) | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (811) | (59) | |||||||||
| Total equity (deficit) | 388,169 | (751,946) | |||||||||
| Total liabilities, temporary equity, and equity (deficit) | $ | 1,640,421 | $ | 1,636,910 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Vacasa, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 412,184 | $ | 329,927 | $ | 969,792 | $ | 696,954 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below | 174,123 | 138,461 | 447,976 | 332,455 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operations and support | 76,877 | 55,435 | 196,349 | 132,836 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Technology and development | 18,422 | 12,332 | 52,493 | 30,935 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 75,020 | 49,943 | 196,909 | 114,657 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 31,043 | 19,326 | 83,486 | 59,672 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation | 5,376 | 4,414 | 16,676 | 12,721 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | 15,490 | 13,979 | 45,771 | 30,778 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | 396,351 | 293,890 | 1,039,660 | 714,054 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 15,833 | 36,037 | (69,868) | (17,100) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 779 | 6 | 1,220 | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (606) | (3,313) | (1,957) | (9,219) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | (23) | 150 | 41,499 | (10,199) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 15,983 | 32,880 | (29,106) | (36,486) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit (expense) | (170) | (76) | (1,073) | 76 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 15,813 | $ | 32,804 | $ | (30,179) | $ | (36,410) | |||||||||||||||
| Loss attributable to remeasurement of redeemable convertible preferred units | — | — | — | (426,101) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) including remeasurement of redeemable convertible preferred units | 15,813 | 32,804 | (30,179) | (462,511) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income (loss) including remeasurement of redeemable convertible preferred units prior to Reverse Recapitalization | — | 32,804 | — | (462,511) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | 7,489 | — | (15,464) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Class A Common Stockholders | $ | 8,324 | $ | — | $ | (14,715) | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) per share of Class A Common Stock(1): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.04 | N/A | $ | (0.07) | N/A | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.04 | N/A | $ | (0.07) | N/A | |||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average shares of Class A Common Stock used to compute net income (loss) per share(1): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 226,835 | N/A | 219,877 | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 232,342 | N/A | 219,877 | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of Class A Common Stock is applicable only for periods subsequent to December 6, 2021, which is the date of the Reverse Recapitalization (as defined in Note 1, Description of Business). See also Note 14, Net Income (Loss) Per Share.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Vacasa, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 15,813 | $ | 32,804 | $ | (30,179) | $ | (36,410) | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | (718) | (940) | (1,437) | (201) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 15,095 | $ | 31,864 | $ | (31,616) | $ | (36,611) | |||||||||||||||
| Less: Comprehensive income (loss) prior to Reverse Recapitalization | — | 31,864 | — | (36,611) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | 7,145 | — | (16,149) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Class A Common Stockholders | $ | 7,950 | $ | — | $ | (15,467) | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Vacasa, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Cash from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (30,179) | $ | (36,410) | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Credit loss expense | 4,708 | 1,159 | |||||||||
| Depreciation | 16,676 | 12,721 | |||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | 45,771 | 30,778 | |||||||||
| Future stay credit breakage | (15,158) | — | |||||||||
| Reduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets | 9,561 | — | |||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 433 | (178) | |||||||||
| Other gains and losses | 2,414 | 1,381 | |||||||||
| Fair value adjustment on derivative liabilities | (43,921) | 10,317 | |||||||||
| Non-cash interest expense | 162 | 6,221 | |||||||||
| Equity-based compensation expense | 28,360 | 5,273 | |||||||||
| Change in operating assets and liabilities, net of assets acquired and liabilities assumed: | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | 65,433 | 20,351 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | (26,433) | (10,794) | |||||||||
| Accounts payable | (3,976) | 11,028 | |||||||||
| Funds payable to owners | (28,177) | 17,594 | |||||||||
| Hospitality and sales taxes payable | 1,811 | 9,605 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue and future stay credits | (26,191) | (16,470) | |||||||||
| Operating lease obligations | (8,050) | — | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 13,750 | 13,714 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 6,994 | 76,290 | |||||||||
| Cash from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | (8,367) | (3,646) | |||||||||
| Cash paid for internally developed software | (7,407) | (4,874) | |||||||||
| Cash paid for business combinations, net of cash and restricted cash acquired | (87,699) | (63,477) | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (103,473) | (71,997) | |||||||||
| Cash from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Payments of Reverse Recapitalization costs | (459) | — | |||||||||
| Cash paid for business combinations | (28,093) | (9,421) | |||||||||
| Payments of long-term debt | (250) | (125) | |||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 157 | — | |||||||||
| Proceeds from borrowings on revolving credit facility | 5,000 | — | |||||||||
| Repayment of borrowings on revolving credit facility | (5,000) | — | |||||||||
| Other financing activities | (1,709) | (179) | |||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (30,354) | (9,725) | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (480) | (84) | |||||||||
| Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (127,313) | (5,516) | |||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 519,136 | 291,012 | |||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 391,823 | $ | 285,496 | |||||||
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Vacasa, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | |||||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds | $ | 602 | $ | 291 | |||||||
| Cash paid for interest | 1,792 | 3,539 | |||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Issuance of common units for consideration in a business combination | — | 573,800 | |||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 150,791 | $ | 150,417 | |||||||
| Restricted cash | 241,032 | 135,079 | |||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 391,823 | $ | 285,496 | |||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Vacasa, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Deficit)
(in thousands, except share and unit data)
(unaudited)
| Redeemable Non-controlling Interests | Redeemable Convertible Preferred Units | Common Units | Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total Equity (Deficit) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Units | Amount | Units | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Amount | Amount | Amount | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 1,770,096 | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | 214,793,795 | $ | 21 | 212,751,977 | $ | 21 | $ | — | $ | (751,929) | $ | (59) | $ | (751,946) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of employee equity units | 2,282 | 1,957,984 | (2,282) | (2,282) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of restricted stock units | (1,826) | 1,706,543 | 1,826 | 1,826 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of equity based awards | (1,089) | 1,020,803 | (412) | (412) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of OpCo units and retirement of Class B Common Stock | (24,467) | 11,053,994 | 2 | (11,053,994) | (1) | 24,453 | 13 | 24,467 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | 4,491 | 23,869 | 23,869 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | (672) | (765) | (765) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | (15,464) | (14,715) | (14,715) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption amount | (1,108,127) | 1,120,485 | (12,358) | 1,108,127 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | 625,224 | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | 228,575,135 | $ | 23 | 203,655,967 | $ | 20 | $ | 1,167,939 | $ | (779,002) | $ | (811) | $ | 388,169 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2022 | $ | 590,163 | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | 224,782,395 | $ | 22 | 204,917,757 | $ | 20 | $ | 1,188,035 | $ | (787,326) | $ | (437) | $ | 400,314 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of employee equity units | 424 | 361,466 | (424) | (424) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of restricted stock units | (1,339) | 1,264,613 | 1,339 | 1,339 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of equity based awards | (961) | 904,871 | (594) | (594) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Redemption of OpCo units and retirement of Class B Common Stock | (3,623) | 1,623,256 | 1 | (1,623,256) | 3,617 | 5 | 3,623 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | 1,439 | 7,937 | 7,937 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | (339) | (379) | (379) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 7,489 | 8,324 | 8,324 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustment of redeemable noncontrolling interest to redemption amount | 31,971 | (31,971) | (31,971) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | 625,224 | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | 228,575,135 | $ | 23 | 203,655,967 | $ | 20 | $ | 1,167,939 | $ | (779,002) | $ | (811) | $ | 388,169 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Vacasa, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Deficit)
(in thousands, except share and unit data)
(unaudited)
| Redeemable Non-controlling Interests | Redeemable Convertible Preferred Units | Common Units | Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Deficit | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Total Equity (Deficit) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | Units | Amount | Units | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Amount | Amount | Amount | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2020 | $ | — | 267,688,054 | $ | 771,979 | 176,824,152 | $ | — | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (577,091) | $ | 241 | $ | (576,850) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | 5,273 | 5,273 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of equity-based options | 70,208 | 73 | 73 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Remeasurement of redeemable convertible preferred units | 426,101 | (908) | (425,193) | (426,101) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common units for consideration in a business combination | 161,518,057 | 573,800 | 573,800 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | (201) | (201) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net exercise of common unit warrants | 2,020,000 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | (36,410) | (36,410) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2021 | $ | — | 267,688,054 | $ | 1,198,080 | 340,432,417 | $ | — | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | $ | 578,238 | $ | (1,038,694) | $ | 40 | $ | (460,416) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2021 | $ | — | 267,688,054 | $ | 1,198,080 | 338,412,417 | $ | — | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | $ | 575,966 | $ | (1,071,498) | $ | 980 | $ | (494,552) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | 2,272 | 2,272 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net exercise of common unit warrants | 2,020,000 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | (940) | (940) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 32,804 | 32,804 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2021 | $ | — | 267,688,054 | $ | 1,198,080 | 340,432,417 | $ | — | — | $ | — | — | $ | — | $ | 578,238 | $ | (1,038,694) | $ | 40 | $ | (460,416) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Vacasa, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the Company) operate a vertically-integrated vacation rental platform. Homeowners utilize the Company’s technology and services to realize income from their rental assets. Guests from around the world utilize the Company’s technology and services to search and book Vacasa-listed properties in destinations throughout North America, Belize, and Costa Rica. The Company collects nightly rent on behalf of homeowners and earns the majority of its revenue from commissions on rent and from additional reservation-related fees paid by guests when a vacation rental is booked directly through the Company’s website or app, or through its distribution partners. The Company conducts its business through Vacasa Holdings LLC (Vacasa Holdings or OpCo) and its subsidiaries. The Company is headquartered in Portland, Oregon.
Vacasa, Inc. was incorporated on July 1, 2021, under the laws of the state of Delaware for the purpose of consummating the business combination (the Business Combination) contemplated by that certain business combination agreement, dated as of July 28, 2021 (as amended, the Business Combination Agreement), by and among TPG Pace Solutions Corp., a Cayman Islands exempted company (TPG Pace), Vacasa Holdings, Turnkey Vacations, Inc. (TK Newco), certain Vacasa Holdings equity holders (together with TK Newco, the Blockers), the Company, and certain other parties. On December 6, 2021, the Company consummated the Business Combination, pursuant to which, among other things, TPG Pace merged with and into the Company, the separate corporate existence of TPG Pace ceased, and the Company became the surviving corporation. The Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization (the Reverse Recapitalization) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Under this method of accounting, Vacasa, Inc. has been treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes, with Vacasa Holdings considered to be the accounting acquirer. For more details, see the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 (2021 Annual Report).
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, and entities in which the Company is deemed to have a direct or indirect controlling financial interest based on either a variable interest model or voting interest model. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The financial information as of December 31, 2021 contained in this Quarterly Report is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company's 2021 Annual Report, which should be read in conjunction with these condensed consolidated financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information in footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements was condensed or omitted for the interim periods presented in accordance with GAAP. In the opinion of management, the interim data includes all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods. The interim results of operations and cash flows are not necessarily indicative of those results and cash flows expected for the year.
As of September 30, 2022, the Company holds 228,575,135 units of Vacasa Holdings (OpCo Units), which represents a 52.9% ownership interest. The portion of the consolidated subsidiaries not owned by the Company and any related activity is eliminated through redeemable noncontrolling interests in the consolidated balance sheets and net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The consolidated financial statements of Vacasa Holdings and its subsidiaries have been determined to be the predecessor for accounting and reporting purposes of the period prior to the Reverse Recapitalization.
Following the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company is an “emerging growth company” (EGC), as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the JOBS Act), which permits the Company to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. As of January 1, 2022, the Company has elected to irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the useful lives of property and equipment and intangibles assets, allowance for credit losses, valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business acquisitions and related contingent consideration,
14
valuation of warrants, valuation of Class G Common Stock, valuation of redeemable convertible preferred units, equity-based compensation, and evaluation of recoverability of long-lived assets. Actual results may differ materially from such estimates. Management believes that the estimates, and judgments upon which they rely, are reasonable based upon information available to them at the time that these estimates and judgments are made. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements will be affected.
COVID-19 Impacts
Since early 2020, the world has been, and continues to be, impacted by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and its variants. While COVID-19 and measures to prevent its spread have impacted the Company in a number of ways, we believe that these impacts on the Company have diminished and will continue to diminish over time. However, the full impact and duration of COVID-19 remains uncertain and will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, new strains and variants, and related actions taken by federal, state, and local government officials to prevent and manage disease spread and mitigate its economic impact, all of which remain uncertain and unpredictable.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was signed into law on March 27, 2020. As it relates to the Company, the CARES Act allowed for deferred payment of the employer-paid portion of social security taxes through the end of 2020, with 50% due on December 31, 2021 and the remainder due on December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the remaining deferral of $3.8 million is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS) was announced on March 27, 2020. Under this program, qualifying businesses can receive a subsidy for up to 75% of their employees’ wages, subject to certain limitations. The Company received wage subsidies of $0.2 million from the Canadian government as part of the CEWS for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and the Company received subsidies of $0.4 million and $1.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. These subsidies are included in operating costs and expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
Significant Accounting Policies
Other than the changes discussed below related to equity-based compensation and the adoption of new accounting pronouncements, there were no significant changes to the policies disclosed in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies of the Company's 2021 Annual Report.
Equity-Based Compensation
The Company measures all equity-based compensation awards based on their estimated fair values on the date of grant. For awards with graded vesting features that contain only service conditions, the Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. For awards with graded vesting features that contain either market or performance conditions, the Company recognizes compensation expense over the requisite service period for each separately vesting tranche as though each tranche of the award is, in substance, a separate award. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.
Equity-based compensation awards granted subsequent to the Reverse Recapitalization consist of restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance stock units (PSUs). The fair value of RSUs is measured based on the closing market price of the underlying stock on the date of grant. The fair value of PSUs is based on certain market performance criteria and is measured using a Monte Carlo simulation pricing model.
Equity-based compensation awards granted prior to the Reverse Recapitalization consisted of stock appreciation rights (SARs), stock options, and employee equity units. The determination of the grant-date fair value of these awards utilized an option-pricing model that used the value of the Company's equity units on the date of grant, the expected term of the awards, volatility, risk-free interest rate, and discount for lack of marketability. The Company's computation of expected volatility was based on the historical volatility of selected comparable publicly traded companies over a period equal to the expected term of the award. The risk-free interest rate reflected the U.S. Treasury yield curve for a similar instrument with the same expected term in effect at the time of the grant. The value of the Company's equity units was determined by first determining the business enterprise value (BEV) of Vacasa Holdings and then allocating that equity fair value to Vacasa Holdings' redeemable convertible preferred units, common units, and common unit equivalents. The BEV was estimated primarily using a market approach, which measures the value of a business through an analysis of recent sales or offerings of comparable investments or assets and comparing a business to a group of its peer companies.
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Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in Fiscal 2022
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which has subsequently been amended by ASUs 2018-01, 2018-10, 2018-11, 2018-20, 2019-01, and 2019-10. The guidance requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for all leases with terms greater than 12 months. Recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses will depend on the classification of the lease as either a finance or operating lease. The amendments also require certain quantitative and qualitative disclosures about leasing arrangements. The updated guidance became effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2022. The Company adopted the standard using the method of adoption that allowed the Company to record the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance at the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company elected certain practical expedients, including not reassessing whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, not reassessing the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and not reassessing initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all classes of assets. Lastly, the Company elected the short-term lease exception for all classes of assets, and therefore has not applied the recognition requirements for leases of 12 months or less. Upon adoption as of January 1, 2022, the Company recognized operating lease right-of-use assets of $35.1 million and operating lease liabilities of $36.7 million. See Note 8, Leases, for additional information.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments, Credit Losses (Topic 326), which was subsequently amended by ASUs 2018-19, 2019-04, 2019-05, 2019-11, and 2020-03. Topic 326 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with a methodology that incorporates all expected credit loss estimates, resulting in more timely recognition of losses. Under Topic 326, the Company is required to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported financial assets. It also requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. The Company adopted Topic 326 on January 1, 2022 on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires acquirers to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities (deferred revenue) from acquired revenue contracts using the recognition and measurement guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). As a result, for deferred revenue acquired in a business combination, the Company will no longer record deferred revenue at fair value and instead will record deferred revenue in accordance with Topic 606. This will generally result in an increase to goodwill and more post-acquisition revenue being recorded. The Company adopted ASU 2021-08 on January 1, 2022, and the new guidance has been applied prospectively to business combinations occurring after this date. The ongoing impact of the new guidance will be fact-dependent on the transactions within its scope.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. Key changes outlined within the new standard include hybrid tax regimes, intra-period tax allocation exception, and interim-period accounting for enacted changes in tax law. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2022. The adoption did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
The Company has not identified any recent accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
16
Revenue Disaggregation
Revenue is primarily generated from our vacation rental platform in which the Company acts as the exclusive agent on the homeowners’ behalf to facilitate the reservation transaction between guests and homeowners. Vacation rental platform revenues primarily consist of the integrated agency services that the Company provides under the homeowner contract. Vacation rental platform revenues also include home care solutions provided directly to the homeowner, such as home maintenance and improvement services, linen and towel supply programs, supplemental housekeeping services, and other related services.
Other services consist of real estate brokerage and management services to community associations. The purpose of these services is to attract and retain homeowners as customers of the Company’s vacation rental platform.
A disaggregation of the Company’s revenues by nature of the Company’s performance obligations are as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Vacation rental platform | $ | 401,228 | $ | 317,691 | $ | 934,811 | $ | 661,933 | |||||||||||||||
| Other services | 10,956 | 12,236 | 34,981 | 35,021 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 412,184 | $ | 329,927 | $ | 969,792 | $ | 696,954 | |||||||||||||||
Contract Liability Balances
Contract liability balances on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets consist of deferred revenue for amounts collected in advance of a guest stay, limited to the amount of the booking to which the Company expects to be entitled as revenue. The Company’s deferred revenue balances exclude funds payable to owners and hospitality and sales taxes payable, as those amounts will not result in revenue recognition. Deferred revenue is recognized into revenue over the period in which a guest completes a stay. Substantially all of the deferred revenue balances at the end of each period are expected to be recognized as revenue within the subsequent 12 months.
Future Stay Credits
In the event a booked reservation made through our website or app is cancelled, the Company may offer a refund or a future stay credit up to the value of the booked reservation. Future stay credits are recognized upon issuance as a liability on our consolidated balance sheets. Revenue from future stay credits is recognized when redeemed by guests, net of the portion of the booking attributable to funds payable to owners and hospitality and sales taxes payable. The Company uses historical breakage rates to estimate the portion of future stay credits that will not be redeemed by guests and recognizes these amounts as breakage revenue in proportion to the expected pattern of redemption or upon expiration.
Future stay credits typically expire fifteen months from the date of issue. As part of the Company’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, certain future stay credits issued during the first three quarters of 2020 were extended from their original expiration, and the first of these future stay credits began to expire during the first quarter of 2022. Prior to the first quarter of 2022, the Company did not recognize breakage revenue associated with future stay credits. The Company determined that any estimate of breakage was fully constrained, primarily due to a lack of historical information to make the estimate since no future stay credits had yet reached their expiration date. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, breakage revenue was immaterial. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized breakage revenue of $15.2 million, of which $11.1 million related to expirations that occurred during the first quarter of 2022, and $4.1 million related to actual and expected breakage associated with future stay credits expiring in later periods.
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The table below presents the activity of our future stay credit liability balance (in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
| 2022 | |||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 30,995 | |||
| Issuances | 8,922 | ||||
| Acquired in business combinations | 378 | ||||
| Redemptions | (19,511) | ||||
| Breakage recognized in revenue | (15,158) | ||||
| Foreign currency fluctuations | (42) | ||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | 5,584 | |||
Costs to Obtain a Contract
The Company capitalizes certain costs it incurs to obtain new homeowner contracts when those costs are expected to be recovered through revenues generated from that contract. Capitalized amounts are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the customer through sales and marketing expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. Costs to obtain a contract capitalized as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were $22.1 million and $12.0 million, respectively, and were recorded as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets and other long-term assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amount of amortization recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.3 million and $3.9 million, respectively. The amount of amortization recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $1.0 million and $2.8 million, respectively.
Allowance for Credit Losses
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable was $11.8 million and $11.6 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized credit loss expense of $1.6 million and $4.7 million, respectively, which were recorded as a component of general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized credit loss expense of $(0.2) million and $1.2 million, respectively, which were recorded as a component of general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Company has expanded the number of vacation rental properties on its platform through individual additions, portfolio transactions, and strategic acquisitions. While the Company onboards individual vacation rental properties through its direct sales team, the Company has engaged in portfolio transactions and strategic acquisitions to onboard multiple homes in a single transaction. Portfolio and strategic acquisitions are generally accounted for as business combinations. The goodwill resulting from portfolio transactions and strategic acquisitions arises largely from synergies expected from combining the operations of the businesses acquired with the Company's existing operations, and from benefits derived from gaining the related assembled workforce.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company completed 30 separate portfolio transactions, accounted for as business combinations. Total consideration for these portfolio transactions was $101.2 million, comprised of $85.9 million cash paid, net of cash and restricted cash acquired, $10.7 million of contingent consideration, and $4.6 million of deferred payments to sellers. The fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated utilizing an income approach and was based on the Company's expectation of achieving the contractually defined homeowner contract conversion and retention targets. The fair value of the deferred payments to seller recognized on the transaction date was estimated by calculating the risk adjusted present value of the deferred cash payments. The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were based on the Company's estimates and assumptions using various market, income, and cost valuation approaches. Of the total consideration for these portfolio transactions, $73.5 million was attributable to goodwill, $55.7 million was attributable to receivables, $51.5 million was attributable to intangible assets, $73.8 million was attributable to liabilities for advanced deposits received from guests (consisting of funds payable to owners, hospitality and sales taxes payable, deferred revenues, and future
18
stay credits), $7.6 million was attributable to accounts payable, and the remaining amount was attributable to other acquired assets and assumed liabilities which were not material. The intangible assets primarily consist of homeowner contract intangible assets amortized over five years. Pro forma and historical post-closing results of operations for these transactions were not material to the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Transaction costs associated with business combinations completed during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were not material and were expensed as incurred.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded measurement period adjustments related to the TurnKey Vacation Rentals, Inc. (TurnKey) acquisition and certain portfolio transactions that occurred in prior periods. For more information about these acquisitions, see the Company's 2021 Annual Report. The impact of the measurement period adjustments was an increase to goodwill of $5.5 million, an increase to accounts receivable of $1.9 million, an increase to intangible assets of $1.5 million, and an increase to liabilities for advanced deposits received from guests (consisting of funds payable to owners, hospitality and sales taxes payable, deferred revenues, and future stay credits) of $8.7 million. The remaining changes in purchase consideration, acquired assets, and assumed liabilities were not material.
The purchase price allocation for the TurnKey acquisition was finalized as of March 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2022, the purchase price allocations for the portfolio transactions completed from the fourth quarter of 2021 through the third quarter of 2022 are preliminary, and the Company has not obtained and evaluated all of the detailed information necessary to finalize the opening balance sheet amounts in all respects. The Company recorded the purchase price allocations based upon currently available information.
The following tables set forth the Company's financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
| As of September 30, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 28,140 | $ | 28,140 | |||||||||||||||
Class G Common Stock(1) | — | — | 17,593 | 17,593 | |||||||||||||||||||
| As of December 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 37,966 | $ | 37,966 | |||||||||||||||
Class G Common Stock(1) | — | — | 61,514 | 61,514 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) For more information, see Note 13, Equity of our 2021 Annual Report.
The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable, approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities and are excluded from the fair value tables above.
Level 3 instruments consist of contingent consideration obligations related to acquired businesses and the liabilities for contingent earnout share consideration represented by the Company's Class G Common Stock.
The contingent consideration obligations are recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the contingent consideration is estimated utilizing an income approach and based on the Company's expectation of achieving the contractually defined homeowner contract conversion and retention targets at the acquisition date. The Company assesses the fair value of these obligations at each reporting date thereafter with any changes reflected as gains and losses in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The charges for changes in fair value of the contingent consideration were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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The contingent earnout share consideration represented by the Company's Class G Common Stock is recorded in other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the Class G Common Stock is estimated on a recurring basis using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The fair value is based on the simulated stock price of the Company over the remaining term of the shares. Pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, the Class G Common Stock is automatically converted to Class A shares at certain conversion ratios upon the occurrence of their respective triggering events. Inputs used to determine the estimated fair value of the Class G Common Stock include the remaining contractual term of the shares, the risk-free rate, the volatility of comparable companies over the remaining term, and the price of the Company's Class A Common Stock. The Company assesses the fair value of the Class G Common Stock at each reporting date with any changes reflected as other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The following table summarizes the changes in the Company's Class G Common Stock measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
| 2022 | |||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 61,514 | |||
| Change in fair value of Class G Common Stock included in earnings | (43,921) | ||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | 17,593 | |||
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
| As of September 30, | As of December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Land | $ | 13,394 | $ | 13,394 | |||||||
| Buildings and building improvements | 12,470 | 12,665 | |||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | 6,520 | 6,426 | |||||||||
| Computer equipment | 13,244 | 11,471 | |||||||||
| Furniture, fixtures, and other | 21,933 | 15,900 | |||||||||
| Vehicles | 7,858 | 6,457 | |||||||||
| Internal-use software | 50,202 | 43,234 | |||||||||
| Total | 125,621 | 109,547 | |||||||||
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | (58,259) | (42,361) | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | 67,362 | $ | 67,186 | |||||||
Intangible assets, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
| Weighted Average Useful Life Remaining (in years) | As of September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Homeowner contracts | 4 | $ | 303,857 | $ | (86,914) | $ | 216,943 | ||||||||||||||||
| Databases, photos, and property listings | 1 | 27,677 | (22,226) | 5,451 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Trade names | 1 | 9,879 | (9,152) | 727 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other(1) | 3 | 3,120 | (2,717) | 403 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total intangible assets | $ | 344,533 | $ | (121,009) | $ | 223,524 | |||||||||||||||||
20
| Weighted Average Useful Life Remaining (in years) | As of December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Homeowner contracts | 5 | $ | 253,359 | $ | (48,669) | $ | 204,690 | ||||||||||||||||
| Databases, photos, and property listings | 1 | 25,659 | (15,953) | 9,706 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Trade names | 1 | 9,908 | (8,370) | 1,538 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other(1) | 4 | 3,022 | (2,457) | 565 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total intangible assets | $ | 291,948 | $ | (75,449) | $ | 216,499 | |||||||||||||||||
(1) Other intangible assets primarily consisted of non-compete agreements, websites, and domain names.
The Company's estimated future amortization of intangible assets as of September 30, 2022 is expected to be as follows (in thousands):
| Year Ending December 31: | Amount | |||||||
| Remainder of 2022 | $ | 21,510 | ||||||
| 2023 | 57,145 | |||||||
| 2024 | 51,568 | |||||||
| 2025 | 48,721 | |||||||
| 2026 | 27,619 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 16,961 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 223,524 | ||||||
The following table summarizes the changes in the Company's goodwill balance (in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
| 2022 | |||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 754,506 | |||
| Acquisitions | 73,461 | ||||
| Measurement period adjustments | 5,458 | ||||
| Foreign exchange translation and other | (538) | ||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | 832,887 | |||
There were no impairment charges in any of the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. There have been no accumulated impairments to goodwill.
Potential indicators of impairment include significant changes in performance relative to expected operating results, significant negative industry or economic trends, or a significant decline in the Company's stock price and/or market capitalization for a sustained period of time. It is reasonably possible that one or more of these impairment indicators could occur in the near term, which may result in an impairment of long-lived assets or goodwill.
The Company's material operating leases consist of certain corporate and field office facilities with remaining lease terms ranging from to seven years. Some of the Company's operating leases contain renewal options with varying terms and conditions. The lease term includes renewal options only when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. As of September 30, 2022, finance lease contracts were not material.
Since the rates implicit in the Company's operating leases are not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rates based on the remaining lease term to determine the present value of future lease payments. The Company's
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incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest it would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments under similar terms.
The components of lease cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2022 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | $ | 3,645 | $ | 11,251 | |||||||
| Variable lease cost | 311 | 555 | |||||||||
| Short-term lease cost | 2,179 | 6,231 | |||||||||
| Total lease cost | $ | 6,135 | $ | 18,037 | |||||||
Of the total lease cost recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2022, $1.3 million was recorded in cost of revenue, $3.3 million was recorded in operations and support, and $1.5 million was recorded in general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Of the total lease cost recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, $3.5 million was recorded in cost of revenue, $9.9 million was recorded in operations and support, and $4.6 million was recorded in general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Rent expense for the three months ended September 30, 2021 totaled $8.2 million, of which $1.7 million was recorded in cost of revenue, $4.9 million was recorded in operations and support, and $1.6 million was recorded in general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. Rent expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 totaled $21.0 million, of which $4.6 million was recorded in cost of revenue, $11.8 million was recorded in operations and support, and $4.6 million was recorded in general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
Amounts recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheet related to operating leases as of September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
| As of September 30, | |||||
| 2022 | |||||
| Assets | |||||
| $ | 31,017 | ||||
| Liabilities | |||||
| $ | 9,645 | ||||
| 22,880 | |||||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | 32,525 | |||
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Maturities of operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
| As of September 30, | |||||
| 2022 | |||||
| Remainder of 2022 | $ | 2,951 | |||
| 2023 | 10,457 | ||||
| 2024 | 7,393 | ||||
| 2025 | 5,372 | ||||
| 2026 | 3,859 | ||||
| Thereafter | 7,118 | ||||
| Total lease payments | 37,150 | ||||
| Less: Interest | (4,625) | ||||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | 32,525 | |||
As of December 31, 2021, future minimum lease payments for non-cancelable operating leases with an initial or remaining term greater than one year were as follows (in thousands):
| As of December 31, | |||||
| 2021 | |||||
| 2022 | $ | 13,820 | |||
| 2023 | 8,221 | ||||
| 2024 | 5,916 | ||||
| 2025 | 4,936 | ||||
| 2026 | 3,770 | ||||
| Thereafter | 7,285 | ||||
| Total future minimum obligations | $ | 43,948 | |||
Other information related to operating leases as of September 30, 2022 was as follows:
| As of September 30, | |||||
| 2022 | |||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) | 4.6 | ||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | 5.6 | % | |||
Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was as follows (in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||
| 2022 | |||||
| Cash paid for operating lease liabilities | $ | 11,355 | |||
| Lease liabilities exchanged for right-of-use assets | $ | 6,486 | |||
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Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
| As of September 30, | As of December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Employee-related accruals | $ | 36,111 | $ | 25,599 | |||||||
| Homeowner reserves | 9,478 | 6,365 | |||||||||
Current portion of acquisition liabilities(1) | 30,010 | 31,444 | |||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 9,645 | — | |||||||||
| Other | 15,427 | 8,425 | |||||||||
| Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 100,671 | $ | 71,833 | |||||||
(1) The current portion of acquisition liabilities includes contingent consideration and deferred payments to sellers due within one year.
The Company's long-term debt obligations consisted of the following (in thousands):
| As of September 30, | As of December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Other long-term debt | $ | 375 | $ | 637 | |||||||
Less: current maturities(1) | (250) | (125) | |||||||||
| Total debt | 125 | 512 | |||||||||
(1) Current maturities of debt are recorded within accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Senior Secured Convertible Notes
On May 21, 2020, the Company issued $108.1 million in aggregate principal amount of senior secured convertible notes (D-1 Convertible Notes) pursuant to the Note Purchase Agreement (Purchase Agreement), dated May 21, 2020. The total net proceeds from the D-1 Convertible Notes offering, after deducting debt issuance costs paid by the Company, was $105.9 million. The notes were to mature on June 20, 2023, but were converted into approximately $140.4 million Series D-1 preferred units of Vacasa Holdings immediately prior to the consummation of the Reverse Recapitalization on December 6, 2021. In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization, the Series D-1 preferred units were recapitalized into units of Vacasa Holdings. For more details, see our 2021 Annual Report.
Prior to the Reverse Recapitalization, the D-1 Convertible Notes accrued cash interest daily at 3% per annum, payable annually in arrears on the anniversary date of the initial closing date. Additionally, the D-1 Convertible Notes accrued payment in kind interest fees (PIK interest) equal to 7% per annum, which was capitalized by adding the full amount of PIK interest to the principal balance on each anniversary date of the initial closing.
Paycheck Protection Program
Prior to the Company's acquisition of TurnKey, TurnKey entered into a $6.4 million note payable pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) under the CARES Act. Pursuant to the terms of the business combination, the then-current shareholders of TurnKey were required to set aside an amount equal to the PPP loan obligation in an escrow account for the possible repayment of the obligation assumed by the Company. The total loan obligation was repaid by the TurnKey shareholders in full in June 2021.
Revolving Credit Facility
In October 2021, the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary (the Borrower) and certain of its subsidiaries (collectively, the "Guarantors") entered into a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the other lenders party thereto from time to time.
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The credit agreement, as subsequently amended in December 2021 (as amended, the “Credit Agreement" capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined are used as defined in the Credit Agreement), provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $105.0 million and a sub-facility for letters of credit in aggregate face amount of $40.0 million, which reduces borrowing availability under the revolving credit facility. Proceeds may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement matures on October 7, 2026.
Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are subject to interest, determined as follows:
•Alternate Base Rate (ABR) borrowings accrue interest at a rate per annum equal to the ABR plus a margin of 1.50%. The ABR is equal to the greatest of (i) the Prime Rate, (ii) the NYFRB Rate plus 0.50%, and (iii) the Adjusted LIBO Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.0%, subject to a 1.0% floor.
•Eurocurrency borrowings accrue interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted LIBO Rate plus a margin of 2.50%. The Adjusted LIBO Rate is calculated based on the applicable LIBOR for U.S. dollar deposits, subject to a 0.0% floor, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which is one minus the maximum effective reserve percentage for Eurocurrency funding.
Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility do not amortize and are due and payable on October 7, 2026. Amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility may be voluntarily prepaid at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, without premium or penalty. In addition to paying interest on the principal amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility, the Company is required to pay a commitment fee on unused amounts at a rate of 0.25% per annum. The Company is also required to pay customary letter of credit and agency fees.
The Credit Agreement contains a number of covenants that, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, restrict the ability of the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries to:
•create, incur, assume or permit to exist any debt or liens;
•merge into or consolidate or amalgamate with any other person, or permit any other person to merge into or consolidate with it, or liquidate or dissolve;
•make or hold certain investments;
•sell, transfer, lease, license or otherwise dispose of its assets, including equity interests (and, in the case of restricted subsidiaries, issue additional equity interests);
•pay dividends or make certain other restricted payments;
•substantively alter the character of the business of the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries, taken as a whole; and
•sell, lease or otherwise transfer any property or assets to, or purchase, lease or otherwise acquire any property or assets from, or otherwise engage in any other transactions with, any of its affiliates.
In addition, the Borrower and its restricted subsidiaries are required to maintain a minimum amount of consolidated revenue, measured on a trailing four-quarter basis, as of the last date of each fiscal quarter, provided that such covenant will only apply if, on such date, the aggregate principal amount of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and letters of credit (excluding undrawn amounts under any letters of credit in an aggregate face amount of up to $20.0 million and letters of credit that have been cash collateralized) exceeds 35% of the then-outstanding revolving commitments. The Borrower is also required to maintain liquidity of at least $15.0 million as of the last date of each fiscal quarter.
The obligations of the Borrower and certain guarantor subsidiaries (the Guarantors) are secured by first-priority liens on substantially all of the assets of the Borrower and the Guarantors. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement. As of September 30, 2022, there were $3.1 million of letters of credit issued under the Credit Agreement, and $101.9 million was available for borrowings. As of September 30, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.
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Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
| As of September 30, | As of December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
Class G Common Stock(1) | $ | 17,593 | $ | 61,514 | |||||||
Long-term portion of acquisition liabilities(2) | 19,949 | 33,301 | |||||||||
| Long-term portion of operating lease liabilities | 22,880 | — | |||||||||
| Other | 13,617 | 17,308 | |||||||||
| Total other long-term liabilities | $ | 74,039 | $ | 112,123 | |||||||
(1) For more information, see Note 13, Equity of our 2021 Annual Report.
(2) The long-term portion of acquisition liabilities includes contingent consideration and deferred payments to sellers due after one year.
For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the effective tax rate was a 1% expense on pre-tax income, compared to a 0% expense on pre-tax income for the three months ended September 30, 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the effective tax rate was a 4% expense on pre-tax loss, compared to a 0% benefit on pre-tax loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The effective tax rate differs from our statutory rate in both periods due to the effect of flow-through entity income and losses for which the taxable income or loss is allocated to the members and due to valuation allowance considerations in 2022.
Equity-based Award Activities
Restricted Stock Units
A summary of the restricted stock unit (RSU) activity was as follows during the period indicated:
| Activity Type | Restricted Stock Units (in thousands) | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| Granted | 7,574 | 5.62 | |||||||||
Vested(1) | (1,302) | 6.71 | |||||||||
Forfeited(1) | (599) | 6.27 | |||||||||
| Outstanding as of September 30, 2022 | 5,673 | 5.30 | |||||||||
(1) In connection with his departure as Chief Executive Officer, Matt Roberts received accelerated vesting of 280,200 of his RSUs. The remaining 217,933 of his unvested RSUs were forfeited.
As of September 30, 2022, there was unrecognized compensation expense of $24.9 million related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.2 years.
Performance Stock Units
The Company has granted performance stock units (PSUs) to certain members of its leadership team, which vest based upon the achievement of performance criteria and requisite service. The performance criteria are based on the achievement of certain share price appreciation targets. Attainment of each share price appreciation target is measured based on either the trailing 45-day or 60-day average closing trading price of our Class A Common Stock or, in the event of a change in control, the amount per share of Class A Common Stock to be paid to a stockholder in connection with such change in control. For certain of the awards, depending on the performance achieved, the actual number of shares of Class A Common Stock issued to the
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holder may range from 0% to 200% of the target number of PSUs granted. The number of PSUs granted included in the table below is based on the maximum potential achievement for all awards. In the event that performance criteria and requisite service are not achieved, the corresponding portion of the PSUs that do not vest will be forfeited.
A summary of the PSU activity was as follows during the period indicated:
| Activity Type | Performance Stock Units (in thousands) | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| Granted | 3,596 | 2.72 | |||||||||
Vested (1) | (405) | 2.33 | |||||||||
Forfeited(1) | (840) | 2.33 | |||||||||
| Outstanding as of September 30, 2022 | 2,351 | 2.93 | |||||||||
(1) In connection with his departure as Chief Executive Officer, Matt Roberts received accelerated vesting of 404,732 of his PSUs. The remaining 840,598 of his unvested PSUs were forfeited.
As of September 30, 2022, there was unrecognized compensation expense of $6.4 million related to unvested PSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.9 years.
Stock Appreciation Rights
A summary of the stock appreciation rights (SARs) activity was as follows during the period indicated:
| Activity Type | Stock Appreciation Rights (in thousands) | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 | 5,014 | $ | 2.95 | ||||||||
| Exercised | (2,695) | 2.68 | |||||||||
| Forfeited | (378) | 4.23 | |||||||||
| Outstanding as of September 30, 2022 | 1,941 | 3.09 | |||||||||
As of September 30, 2022, there was $1.3 million of unrecognized compensation expense for the Company's SARs that will be recognized over a weighted-average remaining recognition period of 2.5 years. As of September 30, 2022, the Company's outstanding SARs had a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 6.4 years and an intrinsic value of $0.6 million.
Stock Options
A summary of the stock options activity was as follows during the period indicated:
| Activity Type | Stock Options (in thousands) | Weighted Average Exercise Price | |||||||||
| Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 | 5,461 | $ | 0.91 | ||||||||
| Exercised | (249) | 0.63 | |||||||||
| Forfeited | (263) | 1.49 | |||||||||
| Outstanding as of September 30, 2022 | 4,949 | 0.90 | |||||||||
As of September 30, 2022, there was $0.5 million of unrecognized compensation expense for the Company's stock options that will be recognized over a weighted-average remaining recognition period of 1.8 years. As of September 30, 2022, the Company's outstanding stock options had a weighted-average remaining contractual life of 5.5 years and an intrinsic value of $11.0 million.
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Profit Interest Units (Employee Equity Units)
A summary of the Vacasa Employee Holdings LLC employee equity units is as follows:
| Employee Equity Units (in thousands) | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value | ||||||||||
| Unvested outstanding as of December 31, 2021 | 4,954 | $ | 4.34 | ||||||||
| Vested | (1,958) | 4.01 | |||||||||
| Forfeited | — | — | |||||||||
| Unvested outstanding as of September 30, 2022 | 2,996 | 4.56 | |||||||||
As of September 30, 2022, there was $13.3 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested employee equity units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In connection with the Business Combination, the Company adopted the 2021 Nonqualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). Under the ESPP, eligible participants may purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock using payroll deductions, which may not exceed 15% of their total cash compensation. Offering and purchase periods begin on June 1 and December 1 of each year. Participants will be granted the right to purchase shares at a price per share that is 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the shares at (i) the participant’s entry date into the applicable one-year offering period or (ii) the end of each six-month purchase period within the offering period.
The ESPP does not meet the criteria of Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code and is considered a non-qualified plan for federal tax purposes. The Company has treated the ESPP as a compensatory plan under GAAP.
As of September 30, 2022, there were no shares of Class A Common Stock purchased under the ESPP.
Equity-Based Compensation Expense
The Company recorded equity-based compensation expense for the periods presented in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | $ | 225 | $ | — | $ | 842 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Operations and support | 1,069 | 24 | 4,845 | 86 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Technology and development | 1,107 | 167 | 5,272 | 489 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 1,075 | 393 | 4,876 | 1,047 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 5,900 | 1,688 | 12,525 | 3,651 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity-based compensation expense | $ | 9,376 | $ | 2,272 | $ | 28,360 | $ | 5,273 | |||||||||||||||
Vacasa Holdings LLC Equity
For the year-to-date period ended April 1, 2021, Vacasa Holdings redeemable convertible preferred units were probable of becoming redeemable in the future and were recorded at their maximum redemption amount, which was the greater of the original preferred unit issue price plus an amount equal to the preferred unpaid return or the then current fair value, at each balance sheet date. The Company recorded no remeasurement of its redeemable convertible preferred units during the three months ended September 30, 2021, and a loss of $426.1 million to remeasure its redeemable convertible preferred units to their maximum redemption values during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Subsequent to April 1, 2021, the Company did not adjust the carrying value of the Vacasa Holdings redeemable convertible preferred units to the deemed liquidation value of such units, as a qualifying liquidation event was not probable. In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization on December 6, 2021, all of the existing holders of Vacasa Holdings preferred units exchanged their interests in
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Vacasa Holdings for Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock and OpCo Units in Vacasa Holdings, and the Vacasa Holdings redeemable convertible preferred units are no longer outstanding.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Vacasa Holdings common unit warrants were measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company recorded a loss of $10.3 million to remeasure the common unit warrants to their fair values during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization on December 6, 2021, these warrants were net exercised in accordance with their terms and were no longer outstanding as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.
The Company calculates net income (loss) per share of Class A Common Stock in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, which requires the presentation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share. Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Vacasa, Inc. by the weighted-average shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding without the consideration for potential dilutive shares of common stock. Diluted net income (loss) per share represents basic net income (loss) per share adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of RSUs, PSUs, SARs, stock options, employee equity units, purchases under the ESPP, and Class G Common Stock. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of Class A Common Stock equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock method and if-converted method, as applicable. During periods of net loss, diluted net loss per share is equal to basic net loss per share because the antidilutive effect of potential common shares is disregarded.
The Company analyzed the calculation of earnings (loss) per share for periods prior to the Reverse Recapitalization as described in Note 1, Description of Business, and determined that it resulted in values that would not be meaningful to the users of the consolidated financial statements. Therefore, loss per share information has not been presented for periods prior to the Reverse Recapitalization on December 6, 2021.
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The following is a reconciliation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per Class A common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands, except per share data):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2022 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Numerator for net income (loss) per class A common share calculation: | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Class A Common Stockholders, basic | $ | 8,324 | $ | (14,715) | |||||||
| Net income allocated to dilutive securities | 95 | — | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Class A Common Stockholders, diluted | $ | 8,419 | $ | (14,715) | |||||||
| Denominator for net income (loss) per Class A common share calculation: | |||||||||||
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic(1) | 226,835 | 219,877 | |||||||||
| Effect of dilutive securities: | |||||||||||
| Restricted stock units | 253 | — | |||||||||
| Stock appreciation rights | 500 | — | |||||||||
| Stock options | 3,721 | — | |||||||||
| Employee equity units | 1,033 | — | |||||||||
| Total effect of dilutive securities | 5,507 | — | |||||||||
Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted(1) | 232,342 | 219,877 | |||||||||
| Basic net income (loss) per Class A common share: | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Class A Common Stockholders, basic | $ | 8,324 | $ | (14,715) | |||||||
| Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic | 226,835 | 219,877 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share of Class A Common Stock, basic | $ | 0.04 | $ | (0.07) | |||||||
| Diluted net income (loss) per Class A common share: | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Class A Common Stockholders, diluted | $ | 8,419 | $ | (14,715) | |||||||
| Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted | 232,342 | 219,877 | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share of Class A Common Stock, diluted | $ | 0.04 | $ | (0.07) | |||||||
(1) Basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding include restricted stock units that have vested but whose settlement into Class A common stock has not yet occurred.
Shares of the Company's Class B Common Stock and Class G Common Stock do not participate in earnings or (losses) of the Company and are therefore not participating securities. As such, separate presentation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share of Class B Common Stock and Class G Common Stock under the two-class method has not been presented.
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The following outstanding potentially dilutive securities were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per Class A common share either because their impact would have been antidilutive for the period presented or because they were contingently issuable upon the satisfaction of certain market conditions (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| 2022 | 2022 | ||||||||||
OpCo units(1) | 203,656 | 203,656 | |||||||||
| Restricted stock units | 4,316 | 5,673 | |||||||||
Performance stock units(2) | 2,351 | 2,351 | |||||||||
| Stock appreciation rights | 1,156 | 1,941 | |||||||||
| Stock options | 271 | 4,949 | |||||||||
| Employee equity units | 1,868 | 2,996 | |||||||||
| Employee stock purchase plan | 1,721 | 1,721 | |||||||||
| Class G Common Stock | 8,227 | 8,227 | |||||||||
| Common shares excluded from calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share | 223,566 | 231,514 | |||||||||
(1) These securities are neither dilutive or anti-dilutive for the period presented as their assumed redemption for Class A common stock would cause a proportionate increase to Net income (loss) attributable to Class A Common Stockholders, diluted.
(2) PSUs are contingently issuable upon the satisfaction of certain market conditions. As of September 30, 2022, none of the requisite market conditions have been met, and therefore all such contingently issuable shares have been excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share of Class A Common Stock.
Leases
See Note 8, Leases.
Regulatory Matters and Legal Proceedings
The Company’s operations are subject to dynamic laws, rules, and regulations varying by jurisdiction. In addition, the Company has been and is currently a party to various legal proceedings, including employment and general litigation matters, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Such proceedings and claims can require the Company to expend significant financial and operational resources.
Regulatory Matters
The Company’s core business operations consist of the management of short-term vacation rental stays, with such operations subject to local city and county ordinances, together with various state, U.S. and foreign laws, rules and regulations. Such laws, rules, and regulations are complex and subject to change, and in several instances, jurisdictions have yet to codify or implement applicable laws, rules or regulations. Other ancillary components of the Company’s business activities include the management of long-term rental stays, homeowner association management, and real estate activity. In addition to laws governing the aforementioned business lines, the Company must comply with laws in relation to travel, tax, privacy and data protection, intellectual property, competition, health and safety, consumer protection, employment and many others. These business operations expose the Company to inquiries and potential claims related to its compliance with applicable laws, rules, and regulations. Given the shifting landscape with respect to the short-term rental laws, changes in existing laws or the implementation of new laws could have a material impact on the Company’s business.
Tax Matters
Some states and localities in the United States and elsewhere in the world impose transient occupancy or lodging accommodations taxes (Lodging Taxes) on the use or occupancy of lodging accommodations or other traveler services. The
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Company collects and remits Lodging Taxes on behalf of its homeowners. Such Lodging Taxes are generally remitted to tax jurisdictions within a 30 day period following the end of each month, quarter, or year end.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had an obligation to remit Lodging Taxes collected from guests who had stayed in these jurisdictions totaling $23.7 million and $11.1 million, respectively. These payables are recorded in hospitality and sales taxes payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company’s potential obligations with respect to Lodging Taxes could be affected by various factors, which include, but are not limited to, whether the Company determines, or any tax authority asserts, that the Company has a responsibility to collect lodging and related taxes on either historical or future transactions or by the introduction of new ordinances and taxes that subject the Company’s operations to such taxes. The Company is under audit and inquiry by various domestic tax authorities with regard to non-income tax matters. The Company has estimated liabilities in a certain number of jurisdictions with respect to state, city, and local taxes related to lodging where management believes it is probable that the Company has additional liabilities and the related amounts can be reasonably estimated. The subject matter of these contingent liabilities primarily arises from the Company’s transactions with its homeowners, guests, and service contracts. The disputes involve the applicability of transactional taxes (such as sales, value-added, information reporting, and similar taxes) to services provided. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, accrued obligations related to these estimated taxes, including estimated penalties and interest, totaled $12.0 million and $13.1 million, respectively. Due to the inherent complexity and uncertainty of these matters and judicial processes in certain jurisdictions, the final outcomes may exceed the estimated liabilities recorded.
Refer to Note 12, Income Taxes, for further discussion on other income tax matters.
Litigation
The Company has been and is currently involved in litigation and legal proceedings and subject to legal claims in the ordinary course of business. These include legal claims asserting, among other things, commercial, competition, tax, employment, discrimination, consumer, personal injury, negligence, and property rights. The outcomes of legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and subject to significant judgment to determine the likelihood and amount of loss related to such matters. The Company believes that the final disposition of these proceedings, except as otherwise disclosed below or elsewhere our notes to the financial statements in this report or in our 2021 Annual Report, will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
The Company has previously disclosed that it has received notice of certain threatened claims alleged against it, including wrongful death claims, relating to a fire in 2020 at rental units managed by the Company. Although the matter remains ongoing, the Company does not expect the ultimate resolution to have a material effect upon the Company's operations or financial condition.
In the future, the Company may become party to additional legal proceedings that may subject the Company to settlements, monetary damage awards, fines, penalties, and/or injunctive orders. Furthermore, the outcome of these matters could materially adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, and financial condition.
The Company establishes an accrued liability for loss contingencies related to legal matters when a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable. These accruals represent management’s best estimate of probable losses. Such currently accrued amounts are not material to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. However, management’s views and estimates related to these matters may change in the future, as new events and circumstances arise and the matters continue to develop. Until the final resolution of legal matters, there may be an exposure to losses in excess of the amounts accrued. With respect to outstanding legal matters, based on current knowledge, the amount or range of reasonably possible loss will not, either individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. Legal fees are expensed as incurred.
Homeowner Protection Coverage
The Company offers an Accommodations Protection Program (the Program) that covers the Company and the homeowner for up to $1.0 million per occurrence for liability arising from bodily injury or property damage suffered by a guest or a guest’s invitees at a vacation rental property managed by the Company. The Program also covers up to $1.0 million per occurrence for guest-caused damage to a covered property, up to $25,000 per occurrence for damage to contents, and bedbug protection up to $15,000 for up to two occurrences per covered property. Program coverage applies only to covered incidents that occur during the period of a confirmed rental reservation for the property that is booked through the Company. The Program is administered by a third-party insurer under a commercial liability insurance policy and is subject to the policy terms and Program rules that are in effect at the time of an occurrence. The Program includes various market-standard conditions,
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limitations, and exclusions. Homeowners who sign a new vacation rental services agreement with the Company are automatically enrolled in the Program and charged a fixed amount per night of each confirmed vacation rental stay. A homeowner may opt out of the Program at any time by obtaining insurance coverage that covers use of the home as a vacation rental and completing an opt-out form. If a homeowner opts out of the Program, the homeowner’s insurance policies become primary for all occurrences and incidents that happen in or about the home.
Indemnification
As a matter of ordinary course, the Company provides indemnification clauses in commercial agreements where appropriate, in accordance with industry standards. As a result, the Company may be obligated to indemnify third parties for losses or damages incurred in connection with the Company’s operations or its non-compliance with contractual obligations. Additionally, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and directors and its bylaws contain certain indemnification obligations for officers and directors. It is not possible to determine the aggregate maximum potential loss pursuant to the aforementioned indemnification provisions and obligations due to the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular situation.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2021 Annual Report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those set forth under the “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” sections and elsewhere in our 2021 Annual Report and in this Quarterly Report, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any period in the future.
Overview
We are the leading vacation rental management platform in North America. Our integrated technology and operations platform is designed to optimize vacation rental income and home care for homeowners, offers guests a seamless, reliable and high-quality experience with exceptional service, and provides distribution partners with valuable and high‑performing home listings.
We operate a vertically-integrated vacation rental management platform. We are primarily focused on the supply side of the vacation rentals sector and cultivating an expansive collection of homes in leading vacation rental destinations, allowing homeowners to earn income from their vacation homes and guests to book and experience the high-quality supply we bring online. We manage all aspects of the vacation rental experience for homeowners, from listing creation and multi-channel distribution to pricing, marketing optimization and end-to-end property care. We collect nightly rent on behalf of homeowners and earn the majority of our revenue from commissions on rent and from additional reservation-related fees paid by guests when a vacation rental is booked directly through our website or app or through our distribution partners. We also earn revenue from home care solutions offered directly to our homeowners, such as home improvement and repair services for a separately agreed upon fee and from providing real estate brokerage services and residential management services to community and homeowner associations.
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Guest Demand
In September 2022, we began to experience softness and variability in guest bookings. While this trend has continued into the fourth quarter of 2022, its extent and duration remain uncertain. It is reasonably likely that continued softness and variability in guest bookings could have a material unfavorable impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations, including the relationship between our revenue and our operating costs and expenses.
Reverse Recapitalization
On July 28, 2021, we entered into an agreement to become a publicly traded company through a business combination with TPG Pace Solutions Corp., a special purpose acquisition company. On December 6, 2021, we consummated the business combination contemplated by the business combination agreement. For more information, see our 2021 Annual Report.
TurnKey Acquisition
On April 1, 2021, we acquired the operations of TurnKey Vacation Rentals, Inc. (TurnKey), a provider of property management and marketing services for residential real estate owners in the United States. The acquisition of TurnKey advanced our strategy to create a premium standard for vacation rentals. The acquisition also increased our market density in certain regions and expanded our footprint into several other top vacation rental destinations. For more information, see our 2021 Annual Report.
Impact of COVID-19 on our Business
Since early 2020, the world has been, and continues to be, impacted by COVID-19 and its strains and variants. While COVID-19 and measures to prevent its spread have impacted our business in a number of ways, we believe that these impacts are continuing to diminish over time. Our priority has continued to be the health, safety, and support of our employees, homeowners, and guests. We have also taken measures to manage the financial impact of the pandemic to our business. Impacts of COVID-19 on our business include, but are not limited to, the following:
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Health, Safety, and Support of our Employees, Homeowners, and Guests
•We have implemented safety protocols and policies to protect our field team employees.
•We have embraced greater adoption of remote work, particularly among our central team employees. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted that we are able to maintain most of our central business operations outside of traditional office space.
•We launched enhanced cleaning and safety practices that are intended to help prevent transmission of COVID-19. We provide substantial additional resources and use best practices communicated by the Centers for Disease Control and other public health authorities to drive our cleaning practices. Our employees are trained and expected to follow an enhanced cleaning protocol, checklists, and other written and visual materials.
•In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we began issuing future stay credits to guests who chose to cancel within our enhanced cancellation policy. Subsequently, we began issuing future stay credits in response to a more broad variety of events that led to cancellations. As of September 30, 2022, we accrued approximately $5.6 million of unused future stay credits.
Direct Labor Costs
•The Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS) was announced on March 27, 2020. Under this program, qualifying businesses can receive a subsidy for up to 75% of their employees’ wages, subject to certain limitations. We received wage subsidies of $0.2 million from the Canadian government as part of the CEWS for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $0.4 million and $1.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. These subsidies are included in operating costs and expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
•The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act allowed for deferred payment of the employer-paid portion of social security taxes through the end of 2020, with 50% due on December 31, 2021 and the remainder due on December 31, 2022. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the remaining deferral of $3.8 million is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
•As the pandemic has progressed, we have experienced an increase in our labor costs, primarily driven by a decline in the labor force participation rate in many of our markets. We have managed these labor supply challenges through multiple measures, including rebalancing the mix of our labor force between contractors and employees and changes to our compensation structure.
The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact us over the longer term remains uncertain and dependent on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time, such as the severity and transmission rate of COVID-19, potential new strains and variants of the virus, the extent and effectiveness of containment actions taken, including mobility restrictions, the timing, availability, and effectiveness of vaccines, and the impact of these and other factors on travel behavior in general and on our business. We have incurred and will continue to incur additional costs to address government regulations and the safety of our employees and guests.
Seasonality
Our overall business is seasonal, reflecting typical travel behavior patterns over the course of the calendar year. In addition, each market where we operate has unique seasonality, events, and weather that can increase or decrease demand for our offerings. Certain holidays can have an impact on our revenue by increasing Nights Sold on the holiday itself or during the preceding and subsequent weekends. Typically, our second and third quarters have higher revenue due to increased Nights Sold. Our Gross Booking Value (GBV) typically follows the seasonality patterns of Nights Sold. Our operations and support costs also increase in the second and third quarters as we increase our hourly staffing to handle increased activity on our platform in those periods. See additional information about GBV and Nights Sold under the "Key Business Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measures" heading below.
The potential ongoing effects of COVID-19, including changing travel preferences, travel restrictions, and other government regulations, may impact the typical seasonality patterns discussed above in future periods.
Components of Results of Operations
Sources of Revenue
Our revenue is primarily generated from our vacation rental platform in which we act as the exclusive agent on the homeowners’ behalf to facilitate the reservation transaction between guests and homeowners. We collect nightly rent on
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behalf of homeowners and earn the majority of our revenue from commissions on rent and from additional reservation-related fees paid by guests when a vacation rental is booked directly through our website or app, or through our distribution partners. In the event a booked reservation is cancelled, we may offer a refund or a future stay credit up to the value of the booked reservation. In certain instances, we may also offer a refund related to a completed stay. We account for refunds as a reduction of revenue. Future stay credits are recognized as a liability on our consolidated balance sheets. Revenue from future stay credits is recognized when redeemed by guests, net of the portion of the booking attributable to funds payable to owners and hospitality and sales taxes payable. We estimate the portion of future stay credits that will not be redeemed by guests and recognize these amounts as breakage revenue in proportion to the expected pattern of redemption or upon expiration.
We also earn revenue from home care solutions provided directly to our homeowners such as home maintenance and improvement services, linen and towel supply programs, supplemental housekeeping services, and other related services, for a separately agreed-upon fee.
In addition to our vacation rental platform, we provide other offerings such as real estate brokerage services and residential management services to community and homeowner associations. The purpose of these services is to attract and retain homeowners as customers of our vacation rental platform.
Operating Costs and Expenses
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, consists primarily of employee compensation costs, which include wages, benefits, and payroll taxes and outside service costs for housekeeping, home maintenance, payment processing fees for merchant fees and chargebacks, laundry expenses, and housekeeping supplies, as well as fixed rent payments on certain owner contracts.
We expect that the cost of revenue will increase on an absolute dollar basis for the foreseeable future to the extent our business continues to grow. We expect that cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue will vary from period to period over the short term and decrease over the long term as we continue to invest in our business to achieve greater scale and operational efficiency.
Operations and support
Operations and support costs consist primarily of compensation costs, which includes wages, benefits, payroll taxes, and equity-based compensation, for employees that support our local operations. The costs also include the cost of call center customer support, rent expense for local operations, and certain corporate costs.
We expect that operations and support costs will continue to increase on an absolute dollar basis for the foreseeable future to the extent our business continues to grow. We are investing in near-term initiatives to reduce customer contact rates and improve the operational efficiency of our operations and support organization, which we expect will decrease operations and support costs as a percentage of revenue over the longer term.
Technology and development
Technology and development expenses consist primarily of costs for cloud computing, software licensing and maintenance, and costs to support infrastructure, applications and overall monitoring and security of networks. Technology and development expenses also include compensation costs, which includes wages, benefits, payroll taxes, and equity-based compensation, for salaried employees and payments to contractors, net of capitalized expenses, engaged in the design, development, maintenance and testing of our platform, including our websites, mobile applications, and other products. Capitalized costs are recorded as a reduction of our technology and development expenses and are capitalized as internal-use software within property and equipment on the consolidated balance sheets. These assets are depreciated over their estimated useful lives and are reported in depreciation on our consolidated statements of operations.
We expect technology and development expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we hire more software developers and expand the capabilities and scope of our platform. We anticipate technology and development expenses as a percentage of revenue may fluctuate from period to period depending on investments in product features, automation, and efficiency.
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Sales and marketing
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of compensation costs, which includes wages, sales commissions, benefits, payroll taxes, and equity-based compensation, for our sales force and marketing personnel, payments to distribution partners for guest reservations, digital and mail-based advertising costs for homeowners, advertising costs for search engine marketing and other digital guest advertising, and brand marketing.
We expect that sales and marketing expenses will increase on an absolute dollar basis as we invest to grow our customer base and enhance our brand awareness. However, we expect sales and marketing expenses to decrease as a percentage of revenue as our business grows, although the percentage may fluctuate from period to period depending on fluctuations in the timing and extent of our sales and marketing expenses and business seasonality.
General and administrative
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of compensation costs, which includes wages, benefits, payroll taxes, and equity-based compensation, for administrative employees, including finance and accounting, human resources, communications, and legal. General and administrative costs also include professional services fees, including accounting, legal and consulting expenses, rent expense for corporate facilities and storage, insurance premiums (including director and officer insurance), office supplies, and travel and entertainment expenses.
We expect general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars due to the anticipated growth of our business and to meet the increased compliance and reporting requirements associated with our operation as a public company, including in compliance, legal, investor relations, insurance, and professional services. We anticipate general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue to decrease over time.
Depreciation
Depreciation expense consists of depreciation on capitalized internal-use software, furniture and fixtures, buildings and improvements, leasehold improvements, computer equipment, and vehicles.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Amortization of intangible asset expense consists of non-cash amortization expense of the acquired intangible assets, primarily homeowner contracts, which are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.
We expect that depreciation and amortization expenses will vary on an absolute dollar basis depending on our level of investment in property and equipment and the rate at which we complete portfolio transactions and strategic acquisitions to support the growth in our business. We expect depreciation and amortization expenses as a percentage of revenue over the short term will vary from period to period and decrease over the long term.
Interest Income
Interest income consists primarily of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents.
Interest Expense
Interest expense consists primarily of interest payable and the amortization of deferred financing costs related to our outstanding debt arrangements. In May 2020, we issued the D-1 Convertible Notes. While the D-1 Convertible Notes were outstanding, we accrued cash interest and paid-in-kind interest (PIK interest) at 3% and 7% per annum, respectively. In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization on December 6, 2021, the D-1 Convertible Notes converted into equity interests and are no longer outstanding.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net, consists primarily of the change in fair value of the contingent earnout share consideration represented by our Class G Common Stock, the change in fair value of Vacasa Holdings warrant derivative liabilities, and foreign currency exchange gains and losses. In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization on December 6, 2021, the Vacasa Holdings warrant derivative liabilities were net exercised in accordance with their terms and are no longer outstanding.
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Results of Operations
The following tables set forth our results of operations for the periods presented and as a percentage of our revenue for these periods. The period to period comparisons of our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our results that may be expected in the future.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 412,184 | $ | 329,927 | $ | 969,792 | $ | 696,954 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below(1) | 174,123 | 138,461 | 447,976 | 332,455 | |||||||||||||||||||
Operations and support(1) | 76,877 | 55,435 | 196,349 | 132,836 | |||||||||||||||||||
Technology and development(1) | 18,422 | 12,332 | 52,493 | 30,935 | |||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing(1) | 75,020 | 49,943 | 196,909 | 114,657 | |||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative(1) | 31,043 | 19,326 | 83,486 | 59,672 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation | 5,376 | 4,414 | 16,676 | 12,721 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | 15,490 | 13,979 | 45,771 | 30,778 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | 396,351 | 293,890 | 1,039,660 | 714,054 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 15,833 | 36,037 | (69,868) | (17,100) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 779 | 6 | 1,220 | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (606) | (3,313) | (1,957) | (9,219) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | (23) | 150 | 41,499 | (10,199) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 15,983 | 32,880 | (29,106) | (36,486) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit (expense) | (170) | (76) | (1,073) | 76 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 15,813 | $ | 32,804 | $ | (30,179) | $ | (36,410) | |||||||||||||||
(1) Includes equity-based compensation as follows:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | $ | 225 | $ | — | $ | 842 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Operations and support | 1,069 | 24 | 4,845 | 86 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Technology and development | 1,107 | 167 | 5,272 | 489 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 1,075 | 393 | 4,876 | 1,047 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 5,900 | 1,688 | 12,525 | 3,651 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total equity-based compensation expense | $ | 9,376 | $ | 2,272 | $ | 28,360 | $ | 5,273 | |||||||||||||||
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| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below | 42 | % | 42 | % | 46 | % | 48 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Operations and support | 19 | % | 17 | % | 20 | % | 19 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Technology and development | 4 | % | 4 | % | 5 | % | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 18 | % | 15 | % | 20 | % | 16 | % | |||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 8 | % | 6 | % | 9 | % | 9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Depreciation | 1 | % | 1 | % | 2 | % | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | 4 | % | 4 | % | 5 | % | 4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | 96 | % | 89 | % | 107 | % | 102 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 4 | % | 11 | % | (7) | % | (2) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Interest income | — | % | — | % | — | % | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | — | % | (1) | % | — | % | (1) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | — | % | — | % | 4 | % | (1) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 4 | % | 10 | % | (3) | % | (5) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit (expense) | — | % | — | % | — | % | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 4 | % | 10 | % | (3) | % | (5) | % | |||||||||||||||
Comparison of the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021
Revenue
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 412,184 | $ | 329,927 | $ | 82,257 | 25 | % | $ | 969,792 | $ | 696,954 | $ | 272,838 | 39 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Revenue increased by $82.3 million, or 25%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily driven by an increase of $83.5 million, or 26%, in our vacation rental platform revenue. The increase in vacation rental platform revenue was mostly driven by a combination of higher Nights Sold and higher GBV per Night Sold in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the prior year period. Nights Sold increased 12% primarily due to homes added to our platform through our individual sales approach and portfolio additions during or after three months ended September 30, 2021. GBV per Night Sold increased by 12%, primarily due to optimization of rates and fees, as well as the mix of homes on our platform.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Revenue increased by $272.8 million, or 39%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily driven by an increase of $272.9 million, or 41%, in our vacation rental platform revenue, including $15.2 million related to the recognition of breakage revenue associated with future stay credits. The increase in vacation rental platform revenue was mostly driven by a combination of higher Nights Sold and higher GBV per Night Sold in the first nine months of 2022 compared to the prior year period. Nights Sold increased 24% primarily due to our strategic acquisition of TurnKey, as well as homes added to our platform through our individual sales approach and portfolio additions during or after the nine months ended September 30, 2021. GBV per Night Sold increased by 12%, primarily due to optimization of rates and fees, as well as the mix of homes on our platform.
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Cost of revenue
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | $ | 174,123 | $ | 138,461 | $ | 35,662 | 26 | % | $ | 447,976 | $ | 332,455 | $ | 115,521 | 35 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 42.2 | % | 42.0 | % | 46.2 | % | 47.7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Cost of revenue increased by $35.7 million, or 26%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a $16.6 million increase in personnel-related expenses related to housekeeping, a $16.2 million increase in expenses related to our home care solutions and home supplies, and a $2.4 million increase in payment processing costs. The increase in personnel-related expenses includes an increase of $0.2 million related to equity-based compensation.
Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue increased 20 basis points for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a 170 basis point increase in expenses related to our home care solutions and home supplies. This was partially offset by a 90 basis point decrease in costs related to our real estate brokerage services and community association management services, which comprise a smaller portion of our total revenue due to the growth of our vacation rental platform, and a 70 basis point decrease in personnel-related expenses related to housekeeping.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Cost of revenue increased by $115.5 million, or 35%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a $63.4 million increase in personnel-related expenses related to housekeeping, a $41.6 million increase in expenses related to our home care solutions and home supplies, and a $7.8 million increase in payment processing costs. The increase in personnel-related expenses includes an increase of $0.8 million related to equity-based compensation.
Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue decreased 150 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a 110 basis point decrease in costs related to our real estate brokerage services and community association management services, which comprise a smaller portion of our total revenue due to the growth of our vacation rental platform, a 50 basis point decrease in personnel-related expenses, and a 40 basis point decrease in payment processing costs. This was partially offset by an 80 basis point increase in expense related to our home care solutions and home supplies.
Operations and support
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operations and support | $ | 76,877 | $ | 55,435 | $ | 21,442 | 39 | % | $ | 196,349 | $ | 132,836 | $ | 63,513 | 48 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 18.7 | % | 16.8 | % | 20.2 | % | 19.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Operations and support costs increased by $21.4 million, or 39%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a $21.2 million increase in personnel-related expenses in our field operations, central operations, and customer experience teams. The increase in personnel-related expenses includes an increase of $1.0 million related to equity-based compensation.
Operations and support costs as a percentage of revenue increased 190 basis points for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a 250 basis point increase in personnel-
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related expenses, of which 30 basis points related to equity-based compensation. This was partially offset by a 50 basis point decrease in facility-related and other expenses.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Operations and support costs increased by $63.5 million, or 48%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a $60.7 million increase in personnel-related expenses in our field operations, central operations, and customer experience teams. The increase in personnel-related expenses includes an increase of $4.8 million related to equity-based compensation.
Operations and support costs as a percentage of revenue increased 110 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a 180 basis point increase in personnel-related expenses, of which 40 basis points related equity-based compensation. This was partially offset by a 60 basis point decrease in facility-related expenses, driven by the increased density and scale of our business resulting in improved operating leverage.
Technology and development
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technology and development | $ | 18,422 | $ | 12,332 | $ | 6,090 | 49 | % | $ | 52,493 | $ | 30,935 | $ | 21,558 | 70 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 4.5 | % | 3.7 | % | 5.4 | % | 4.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Technology and development expenses increased by $6.1 million, or 49%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a $3.3 million increase in software license and maintenance costs and a $2.7 million increase in personnel-related expenses. The increase in personnel-related expenses was driven by increased headcount and an increase of $0.9 million related to equity-based compensation.
Technology and development expenses as a percentage of revenue increased by 80 basis points for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a 40 basis point increase in software license and maintenance costs and a 30 basis point increase in equity-based compensation.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Technology and development expenses increased by $21.6 million, or 70%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to an $11.3 million increase in software license and maintenance costs and a $9.9 million increase in personnel-related expenses. The increase in personnel-related expenses was driven by increased headcount and an increase of $4.8 million related to equity-based compensation.
Technology and development expenses as a percentage of revenue increased by 100 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a 50 basis point increase in equity-based compensation and a 50 basis point increase in software license and maintenance costs.
Sales and marketing
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | $ | 75,020 | $ | 49,943 | $ | 25,077 | 50 | % | $ | 196,909 | $ | 114,657 | $ | 82,252 | 72 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 18.2 | % | 15.1 | % | 20.3 | % | 16.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $25.1 million, or 50%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to a $13.0 million increase in personnel-related expenses driven by increased headcount primarily within our sales force, a $7.3 million increase in listing fees paid to our distribution partners, primarily driven by a 25% increase in GBV, and a $4.5 million increase in advertising to attract homeowners and guests to our platform. The increase in personnel-related expenses includes an increase of $0.7 million related to equity-based compensation.
Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue increased 310 basis points for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a 200 basis point increase in personnel-related expenses, of which 20 basis points was attributable to equity-based compensation, a 60 basis point increase in advertising to attract homeowners and guests to our platform, and a 30 basis point increase in listing fees paid to our distribution partners.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Sales and marketing expenses increased by $82.3 million, or 72%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase was primarily due to a $41.8 million increase in personnel-related expenses driven by increased headcount primarily within our sales force, a $22.5 million increase in listing fees paid to our distribution partners driven by a 39% increase in GBV, and a $17.2 million increase in advertising to attract homeowners and guests to our platform. The increase in personnel-related expenses includes an increase of $3.8 million related to equity-based compensation.
Sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue increased 380 basis points for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a 250 basis point increase in personnel-related expenses, of which 30 basis points was attributable to equity-based compensation, a 110 basis point increase in advertising to attract homeowners and guests to our platform, and a 30 basis point increase in listing fees paid to our distribution partners.
General and administrative
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 31,043 | $ | 19,326 | $ | 11,717 | 61 | % | $ | 83,486 | $ | 59,672 | $ | 23,814 | 40 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 7.5 | % | 5.9 | % | 8.6 | % | 8.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
General and administrative expenses increased by $11.7 million, or 61%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to an $8.6 million increase in personnel-related and professional services expenses, including those related to operating as a public company, and a $1.8 million increase in credit loss expenses. The increase in personnel-related expenses includes an increase of $4.2 million related to equity-based compensation.
General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue increased 160 basis points for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a 120 basis point increase in personnel-related and professional services expenses, of which 80 basis points was attributable to equity-based compensation, and a 50 basis point increase in credit loss expense.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
General and administrative expenses increased by $23.8 million, or 40%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a $27.0 million increase in personnel-related and professional services expenses, including those related to operating as a public company, a $3.5 million increase in credit loss expense, and a $2.7 million increase in facilities expenses. These increases were partially offset by a $7.3 million decrease in costs related to the acquisition of TurnKey completed in fiscal 2021 and a $2.6 million decrease in third-party expenses incurred to prepare for the requirements of being a public company. The increase in personnel-related expenses includes an increase of $8.9 million related to equity-based compensation.
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General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue were consistent for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The primary changes were a 140 basis point increase in personnel-related and professional services expenses to support the increasing scale of our business, of which 70 basis points was attributable to equity-based compensation, and a 30 basis point increase in credit loss expense, partially offset by a 110 basis point decrease in costs related to the acquisition of TurnKey and a 40 basis point decrease in third-party expenses incurred to prepare for the requirements of being a public company.
Depreciation and Amortization of intangible assets
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation | $ | 5,376 | $ | 4,414 | $ | 962 | 22 | % | $ | 16,676 | $ | 12,721 | $ | 3,955 | 31 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 1.3 | % | 1.3 | % | 1.7 | % | 1.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | $ | 15,490 | $ | 13,979 | $ | 1,511 | 11 | % | $ | 45,771 | $ | 30,778 | $ | 14,993 | 49 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 3.8 | % | 4.2 | % | 4.7 | % | 4.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Depreciation expense increased by $1.0 million, or 22%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to continued investment in our platform, including capitalized software to support our products and services.
Amortization of intangible assets increased by $1.5 million, or 11%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021, due to recent portfolio additions.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Depreciation expense increased by $4.0 million, or 31%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to continued investment in our platform, including capitalized software to support our products and services.
Amortization of intangible assets increased by $15.0 million, or 49%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to the strategic acquisition of TurnKey during the second quarter of 2021 and recent portfolio additions.
Interest income, Interest expense and Other income (expense), net
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 779 | $ | 6 | $ | 773 | 12,883 | % | $ | 1,220 | $ | 32 | $ | 1,188 | 3,713 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | 0.2 | % | — | % | 0.1 | % | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | (606) | $ | (3,313) | $ | 2,707 | (82) | % | $ | (1,957) | $ | (9,219) | $ | 7,262 | (79) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | (0.1) | % | (1.0) | % | (0.2) | % | (1.3) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | $ | (23) | $ | 150 | $ | (173) | (115) | % | $ | 41,499 | $ | (10,199) | $ | 51,698 | (507) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Percentage of revenue | — | % | — | % | 4.3 | % | (1.5) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Interest income increased by $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021.
Interest expense decreased by $2.7 million, or 82%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021. In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization on December 6, 2021, the D-1 Convertible Notes converted into equity interests, and therefore we did not incur any interest on the D-1 Convertible Notes during the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Other income (expense), net, changed by $0.2 million, or 115%, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared with the Same Period in 2021
Interest income increased by $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Interest expense decreased by $7.3 million, or 79%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization on December 6, 2021, the D-1 Convertible Notes converted into equity interests, and therefore we did not incur any interest on the D-1 Convertible Notes during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Other income (expense), net, changed by $51.7 million, or 507%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, other income, net, was driven by a $43.9 million decline in the fair value of contingent earnout share consideration represented by our Class G Common Stock. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, other expense, net, was driven by an increase in the fair value of Vacasa Holdings common unit warrant derivative liabilities of $10.3 million. In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization on December 6, 2021, the Vacasa Holdings warrant derivative liabilities were net exercised and are no longer outstanding.
Key Business Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We collect and analyze key business metrics, including Gross Booking Value (GBV), Nights Sold, and GBV per Night Sold, as well as non-GAAP financial measures to assess our performance. In addition to revenue, net income (loss), income (loss) from operations, and other results under GAAP, we use non-GAAP financial measures, including Adjusted EBITDA, Non-GAAP cost of revenue, Non-GAAP operations and support expense, Non-GAAP technology and development expense, Non-GAAP sales and marketing expense, and Non-GAAP general and administrative expense (collectively, the Non-GAAP Financial Measures) to evaluate our performance, identify trends, formulate financial projections, and make strategic decisions. We provide a reconciliation below of the Non-GAAP Financial Measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
We believe these Non-GAAP Financial Measures, when taken together with their corresponding comparable GAAP financial measures, are useful for analysts and investors. These Non-GAAP Financial Measures allow for more meaningful comparisons of our performance by excluding items that are non-cash in nature or when the amount and timing of these items is unpredictable or one-time in nature, not driven by the performance of our core business operations or renders comparisons with prior periods less meaningful.
The key business metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measures have significant limitations as analytical tools, should be considered as supplemental in nature, and are not meant as a substitute for any financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. We believe the Non-GAAP Financial Measures provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, are frequently used by these parties in evaluating companies in our industry, and provide useful measures for period-to-period comparisons of our business performance. Moreover, we present the key business metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measures because they are key measurements used by our management internally to make operating decisions, including those related to analyzing operating expenses, evaluating performance, and performing strategic planning and annual budgeting.
The Non-GAAP Financial Measures have significant limitations as analytical tools, including that:
•these measures do not reflect our cash expenditures, or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
•these measures do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;
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•Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the interest expense, or the cash required to service interest or principal payments, on our debt;
•some of these measures exclude stock-based compensation expense, which has been, and will continue to be for the foreseeable future, a significant recurring expense in our business and an important part of our compensation strategy;
•Adjusted EBITDA and Non-GAAP general and administrative expense do not include one-time costs related to strategic business combinations;
•these measures do not reflect our tax expense or the cash required to pay our taxes; and
•with respect to Adjusted EBITDA, although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future, and such measures do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements.
In the future we may incur expenses or charges such as those being adjusted in the calculation of these Non-GAAP Financial Measures. Our presentation of these Non-GAAP Financial Measures should not be construed as an inference that future results will be unaffected by unusual or nonrecurring items, and our Non-GAAP Financial Measures may be calculated differently from similarly titled metrics or measures presented by other companies.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except GBV per Night Sold) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Booking Value (GBV) | $ | 968,692 | $ | 776,150 | $ | 2,139,566 | $ | 1,536,228 | |||||||||||||||
| Nights Sold | 2,058 | 1,840 | 5,051 | 4,071 | |||||||||||||||||||
| GBV per Night Sold | $ | 471 | $ | 422 | $ | 424 | $ | 377 | |||||||||||||||
Gross Booking Value
GBV represents the dollar value of bookings from our distribution partners as well as those booked directly on our platform related to Nights Sold during the period and cancellation fees for bookings cancelled during the period (which may relate to bookings made during prior periods). GBV is inclusive of amounts charged to guests for rent, fees, and the estimated taxes paid by guests when we are responsible for collecting tax.
Growth in GBV reflects our ability to attract homeowners through individual additions, portfolio transactions or strategic acquisitions, retain homeowners and guests, optimize the availability and sale throughput of nights. Growth in GBV also reflects growth in Nights Sold and the pricing of rents, fees, and estimated taxes paid by guests.
Through the three months ended September 30, 2022, GBV increased to $968.7 million, a 25% increase compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily driven by growth in Nights Sold and the optimization of rates and fees, which led to an increase in the GBV per Night Sold.
Through the nine months ended September 30, 2022, GBV increased to $2,139.6 million, a 39% increase compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was primarily driven by the growth of new homes on our platform and Nights Sold and the optimization of rates and fees, which led to an increase in the GBV per Night Sold.
We experience seasonality in our GBV that is consistent with the seasonality of Nights Sold as described below. As we continue to add new homes to our platform, optimize their pricing and distribution, retain homeowners and guests, and grow Nights Sold, we expect GBV to continue to grow.
Nights Sold
We define Nights Sold as the total number of nights stayed by guests on our platform in a given period. Nights Sold is a key measure of the scale and quality of homes on our platform and our ability to generate demand and manage yield on behalf of our homeowners. We experience seasonality in the number of Nights Sold. Typically, the second and third quarters of the year each have higher Nights Sold than the first and fourth quarters, as guests tend to travel during the peak travel season.
Through the three months ended September 30, 2022, Nights Sold increased to 2.1 million, or 12%, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in Nights Sold was driven by growth of new homes on our platform.
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Through the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Nights Sold increased to 5.1 million, or 24%, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in Nights Sold was driven by growth of new homes on our platform.
As we continue to add new homes to our platform in existing and new markets and optimize their availability, pricing, occupancy, and distribution, we expect Nights Sold to continue to grow.
Gross Booking Value per Night Sold
GBV per Night Sold represents the dollar value of each night stayed by guests on our platform in a given period. GBV per Night Sold reflects the pricing of rents, fees, and estimated taxes paid by guests.
Growth in GBV per Night Sold reflects our ability to optimize pricing and throughput of the homes on our platform, which helps to create higher performing vacation rental homes. There is a strong relationship between GBV and Nights Sold, and these two variables are managed in concert with one another. Our proprietary pricing algorithms are continually evaluating the trade-offs between price and occupancy to optimize the mix of Nights Sold and GBV per Night Sold with the goal of maximizing homeowner income.
Through the three months ended September 30, 2022, GBV per Night Sold increased to $471, or 12%, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in GBV per Night Sold was primarily driven by optimization of rates and fees, as well as the mix of homes on our platform.
Through the nine months ended September 30, 2022, GBV per Night Sold increased to $424, or 12%, compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in GBV per Night Sold was primarily driven by optimization of rates and fees, as well as the mix of homes on our platform.
We continue to optimize existing supply, drive platform innovation, and add new enhancements to expand our technological advantage to help improve our yield management.
Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income (loss) excluding: (1) depreciation and acquisition-related items consisting of amortization of intangible assets and impairments of goodwill and intangible assets, if applicable; (2) interest income and expense; (3) any other income or expense not earned or incurred during our normal course of business; (4) any income tax benefit or expense; (5) equity-based compensation costs; (6) one-time costs related to strategic business combinations; and (7) restructuring costs. We believe this measure is useful for analysts and investors as this measure allows for more meaningful period-to-period comparisons of our business performance. The above items are excluded from our Adjusted EBITDA measure because these items are non-cash in nature or the amount and timing of these items is unpredictable or one-time in nature, not driven by the performance of our core business operations and renders comparisons with prior periods less meaningful. Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of Revenue is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA for a period by Revenue for the same period.
Seasonal trends in our Nights Sold impact Adjusted EBITDA for any given quarter. Typically, the second and third quarters of the year have higher Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue, as fixed costs are allocated across a larger number of guest reservations. We expect Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue to fluctuate in the near term due to this seasonality and as we continue to invest in our supply growth engine and technology platform and improve over the medium to long term as we achieve operating leverage from scale and density.
In the three months ended September 30, 2022, Adjusted EBITDA was $46.1 million, compared to $56.9 million in the same period in 2021. The unfavorable change in Adjusted EBITDA is a reflection of increases in our operating costs and expenses, as discussed above. In the three months ended September 30, 2022, Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of Revenue was 11%, compared to 17% in the same period in 2021.
In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Adjusted EBITDA was $21.5 million, compared to $39.6 million in the same period in 2021. The unfavorable change in Adjusted EBITDA is a reflection of increases in our operating costs and expenses, as discussed above. In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of Revenue was 2%, compared to 6% in the same period in 2021.
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The following table reconciles net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 15,813 | $ | 32,804 | $ | (30,179) | $ | (36,410) | |||||||||||||||
| Add back: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets | 20,866 | 18,393 | 62,447 | 43,499 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | (779) | (6) | (1,220) | (32) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 606 | 3,313 | 1,957 | 9,219 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | 23 | (150) | (41,499) | 10,199 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit (expense) | 170 | 76 | 1,073 | (76) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation | 9,376 | 2,272 | 28,360 | 5,273 | |||||||||||||||||||
Business combination costs(1) | 61 | 165 | 541 | 7,679 | |||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring(2) | — | — | — | 249 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 46,136 | $ | 56,867 | $ | 21,480 | $ | 39,600 | |||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of Revenue | 11 | % | 17 | % | 2 | % | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||
(1) Represents third-party costs associated with the strategic acquisition of TurnKey, and third-party costs associated with our Reverse Recapitalization in 2021.
(2) Represents costs associated with the wind-down of a significant portion of our international operations.
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Non-GAAP Operating Expenses
We calculate Non-GAAP cost of revenue, Non-GAAP operations and support expense, Non-GAAP technology and development expense, and Non-GAAP sales and marketing expense by excluding the non-cash expenses arising from the grant of equity-based awards. We calculate Non-GAAP General and administrative expense by excluding the non-cash expenses arising from the grant of equity-based awards, and one-time costs related to strategic business combinations.
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | $ | 174,123 | $ | 138,461 | $ | 447,976 | $ | 332,455 | |||||||||||||||
| Less: equity-based compensation | 225 | — | 842 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP cost of revenue | $ | 173,898 | $ | 138,461 | $ | 447,134 | $ | 332,455 | |||||||||||||||
| Operations and support | $ | 76,877 | $ | 55,435 | $ | 196,349 | $ | 132,836 | |||||||||||||||
| Less: equity-based compensation | 1,069 | 24 | 4,845 | 86 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP operations and support | $ | 75,808 | $ | 55,411 | $ | 191,504 | $ | 132,750 | |||||||||||||||
| Technology and development | $ | 18,422 | $ | 12,332 | $ | 52,493 | $ | 30,935 | |||||||||||||||
| Less: equity-based compensation | 1,107 | 167 | 5,272 | 489 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP technology and development | $ | 17,315 | $ | 12,165 | $ | 47,221 | $ | 30,446 | |||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | $ | 75,020 | $ | 49,943 | $ | 196,909 | $ | 114,657 | |||||||||||||||
| Less: equity-based compensation | 1,075 | 393 | 4,876 | 1,047 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP sales and marketing | $ | 73,945 | $ | 49,550 | $ | 192,033 | $ | 113,610 | |||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 31,043 | $ | 19,326 | $ | 83,486 | $ | 59,672 | |||||||||||||||
| Less: equity-based compensation | 5,900 | 1,688 | 12,525 | 3,651 | |||||||||||||||||||
Less: business combination costs(1) | 61 | 165 | 541 | 7,679 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP general and administrative | $ | 25,082 | $ | 17,473 | $ | 70,420 | $ | 48,342 | |||||||||||||||
(1) Represents third-party costs associated with the strategic acquisition of TurnKey, and third-party costs associated with our Reverse Recapitalization in 2021.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our founding, our principal sources of liquidity have been from proceeds we have received through the issuance of equity and debt financing. We have incurred significant operating losses and generated negative cash flows from operations as we have invested to support the growth of our business. To execute on our strategic initiatives to continue to grow our business, we may incur operating losses and generate negative cash flows from operations in the future, and as a result, we may require additional capital resources. These capital resources may be obtained through additional equity offerings, which will dilute the ownership of our existing stockholders, or debt financings, which may contain covenants that restrict the operations of our business. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise the financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
As of September 30, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $150.8 million. In addition, as of September 30, 2022, $101.9 million was available for borrowing under our Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below). Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital are to finance working capital requirements, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes. In addition, following the Reverse Recapitalization, we expect to need cash to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. For more details regarding the Tax Receivable Agreement, see our 2021 Annual Report. We expect our operations will continue to be financed primarily by equity offerings, debt financing, and cash and cash equivalents. We believe our existing
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sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund operations, working capital requirements, capital expenditures, and debt service obligations for at least the next 12 months.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to our growth, our ability to attract and retain new homeowners and guests that utilize our services, the continuing market acceptance of our offerings, the timing and extent of spending to enhance our technology, and the expansion of sales and marketing activities. Further, we may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in businesses, products, services, and technologies.
Reverse Recapitalization
In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization, we received net proceeds of $302.6 million. We used these proceeds to pay additional transaction costs of $8.4 million, and the remaining $294.2 million of cash proceeds were contributed to our balance sheet.
Senior Secured Convertible Notes
In May 2020, we entered into a note purchase agreement with certain of our existing investors pursuant to which we issued $108.1 million in aggregate principal amount of D-1 Convertible Notes. The D-1 Convertible Notes accrued cash interest daily at 3% per annum, payable annually in arrears on the anniversary date of the initial closing date. Additionally, the D-1 Convertible Notes accrued PIK interest equal to 7% per annum, capitalized by adding the full amount of PIK interest to the principal balance on each anniversary date of the initial closing. In connection with the Reverse Recapitalization, the D-1 Convertible Notes converted into equity interests and are no longer outstanding as of September 30, 2022.
Revolving Credit Facility
In October 2021, we entered into a credit agreement, which, as subsequently amended in December 2021 (as amended, the Credit Agreement), provides for a senior secured revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $105.0 million (Revolving Credit Facility). The Revolving Credit Facility includes a sub-facility for letters of credit in an aggregate face amount of $40.0 million, which reduces borrowing availability under the Revolving Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2022, there were no borrowings outstanding and there were $3.1 million of letters of credit issued under the Credit Agreement.
Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility are subject to interest, determined as follows:
•Alternate Base Rate (ABR) borrowings accrue interest at a rate per annum equal to the ABR plus a margin of 1.50%. The ABR is equal to the greatest of (i) the Prime Rate, (ii) the NYFRB Rate plus 0.50%, and (iii) the Adjusted LIBO Rate for a one-month interest period plus 1.0%, subject to a 1.0% floor.
•Eurocurrency borrowings accrue interest at a rate per annum equal to the Adjusted LIBO Rate plus a margin of 2.50%. The Adjusted LIBO Rate is calculated based on the applicable LIBOR for U.S. dollar deposits, subject to a 0.00% floor, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which is one minus the maximum effective reserve percentage for Eurocurrency funding.
In addition to paying interest on the principal amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility, we are required to pay a commitment fee on unused amounts at a rate of 0.25% per annum. We are also required to pay customary letter of credit and agency fees.
The Credit Agreement contains customary covenants. In addition, we are required to maintain a minimum amount of consolidated revenue, measured on a trailing four-quarter basis, as of the last date of each fiscal quarter, provided that such covenant will only apply if, on such date, the aggregate principal amount of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and letters of credit (excluding undrawn amounts under any letters of credit in an aggregate face amount of up to $20 million and letters of credit that have been cash collateralized) exceeds 35% of the then-outstanding revolving commitments. We are also required to maintain liquidity of at least $15.0 million as of the last date of each fiscal quarter.
See Note 10, Debt to our condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.
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Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 6,994 | $ | 76,290 | |||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (103,473) | (71,997) | |||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (30,354) | (9,725) | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (480) | (84) | |||||||||
| Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | (127,313) | $ | (5,516) | |||||||
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $7.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to a net loss of $30.2 million, offset by $49.0 million of non-cash items including depreciation, amortization of intangible assets, reduction in the carrying amount of operating lease right-of-use assets, fair value adjustment on derivative liabilities, and equity-based compensation expense. Additional uses of cash flows resulted from changes in working capital, including a $28.2 million decrease in funds payable to owners, a $26.4 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets, and a $26.2 million decrease in deferred revenue and future stay credits, partially offset by a $65.4 million decrease in accounts receivable driven by the settlement of amounts owed by the prior owners of acquired businesses managed under transition services agreements.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $76.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a net loss of $36.4 million, offset by $67.7 million of non-cash items related to depreciation, amortization of intangible assets, fair value adjustment on warrant derivative liabilities, equity-based compensation expense and PIK interest related to our D-1 Convertible Notes. Additional sources of cash flows resulted from changes in working capital, including a $17.6 million increase in funds payable to owners and a $9.6 million increase in hospitality and sales taxes payable as a result of increased bookings on our platform, partially offset by a $16.5 million decrease in deferred revenue and future stay credits driven by the usage of future stay credits during the period.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $103.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to $87.7 million of cash paid for business combinations, net of cash and restricted cash acquired, $8.4 million of cash paid for purchases of property and equipment, and $7.4 million of cash paid for capitalized internally developed software costs.
Net cash used in investing activities was $72.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to net cash paid for business acquired of $63.5 million and $4.9 million of cash paid for capitalized internally developed software costs.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities was $30.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to $28.1 million of cash payments for business combinations.
Net cash used in financing activities was $9.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to $9.4 million of cash payments for business combinations.
Material Cash Requirements from Contractual and Other Obligations
As of September 30, 2022, there were no material changes outside the ordinary course of business to the contractual obligations from the information disclosed in our 2021 Annual Report.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires us to make certain estimates in the application of our accounting policies based on the best assumptions, judgments, and opinions of our management. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from those disclosed in our 2021 Annual Report. For a description of our critical accounting policies, see Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," in our 2021 Annual Report.
JOBS Act Accounting Election
We meet the definition of an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act, which permits us to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. As of January 1, 2022, we have elected to irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for a description of recently adopted accounting pronouncements and recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks in connection with our business, which primarily relate to fluctuations in interest rates.
Inflation Risk
In recent periods, inflation has increased in the United States and other markets in which we operate. To date, we do not believe these increases have had a material impact on our business, results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition. The prospective impact of inflation on our business, results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition is uncertain and will depend on future developments that we may not be able to accurately predict.
Interest Rate Fluctuation Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk related primarily to our investment portfolio. Changes in interest rates affect the interest earned on our total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities and the fair value of those securities. Future borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility, if any, may also be susceptible to interest rate risk.
Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash deposits and marketable securities. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Because our cash equivalents generally have short maturities, the fair value of our portfolio is relatively insensitive to interest rate fluctuations. Due to the short-term nature of our investments, we have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in interest rates. A hypothetical 100 basis points increase or decrease in interest rates would not have had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2022.
As we do not have any borrowing under our Revolving Credit Facility as of September 30, 2022, we are not currently exposed to the risk related to fluctuations in interest rates to the extent the Alternate Base Rate exceeds the floor.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
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Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
As permitted by related SEC staff interpretive guidance for newly acquired businesses, the operations of one of our portfolio transactions (the Acquired Business) were excluded from the evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2022. The operations of the Acquired Business were excluded from the evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures only for the period (not beyond one year from the date of acquisition) and extent to which the operations had not yet been integrated into our existing control environment. The Acquired Business represented approximately 1.7% of our total assets (excluding goodwill and intangible assets) as of September 30, 2022. The Acquired Business represented approximately 1.7% and 0.9% of revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are currently involved in, and may in the future be involved in, legal proceedings, claims, and government investigations in the ordinary course of business. These include proceedings, claims, and investigations relating to, among other things, regulatory matters, commercial matters, intellectual property, competition, tax, employment, pricing, discrimination, consumer rights, personal injury, and property rights. See the information under the “Litigation” caption in Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies to our condensed consolidated financial statements, which we incorporate here by reference.
Depending on the nature of the proceeding, claim, or investigation, we may be subject to settlements, monetary damage awards, fines, penalties, or injunctive orders. Furthermore, the outcome of these matters could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The outcomes of legal proceedings, claims, and government investigations are inherently unpredictable and subject to significant judgment to determine the likelihood and amount of loss related to such matters. While it is not possible to determine the outcomes, we believe based on our current knowledge that the resolution of all such pending matters will not, either individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Other than the risk factors below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors in our 2021 Annual Report. Our business, operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and the trading price of our Class A Common Stock. You should carefully read and consider the risks and uncertainties described below as well as those included in our 2021 Annual Report, together with all of the other information in our 2021 Annual Report and this Quarterly Report and other documents that we file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The risks and uncertainties described in our 2021 Annual Report and this Quarterly Report may not be the only ones we face.
Our 2021 Annual Report includes a detailed discussion of our risk factors. The information presented below updates, and should be read in conjunction with, the risk factors and information disclosed in the 2021 Annual Report.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
A future impairment of our long-lived assets or goodwill could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We evaluate our long-lived assets or asset groups for indicators of possible impairment by comparing the carrying amount to future net undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by such asset or asset group and its eventual disposal when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. We review goodwill for impairment by initially considering qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill, as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative analysis. If it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative analysis is performed to identify goodwill impairment. For additional information, see Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies to our consolidated financial statements included in our 2021 Annual Report.
Potential indicators of impairment include significant changes in performance relative to expected operating results, significant negative industry or economic trends, or a significant decline in our stock price and/or market capitalization for a sustained period of time. If one or more of these impairment indicators occur, this could result in an impairment of long-lived assets or goodwill. Future impairment of our long-lived assets or goodwill could be material and could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
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Risks Related to Ownership of our Class A Common Stock
Future sales of our Class A Common Stock in the public market could cause the market price of our Class A Common Stock to decline significantly, even if our business is doing well.
The market price of our Class A Common Stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of shares in the market or the perception that such sales could occur. Lock-up restrictions applicable to a significant portion of our Class A Common Stock outstanding (as well as the shares of our Class A Common Stock issuable upon the exercise and/or settlement of outstanding equity awards) expired in June 2022. Such shares of Class A Common Stock are now eligible for sale in the public market, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws.
Furthermore, the holders (OpCo Unitholders) of common units (OpCo Units) of Vacasa Holdings LLC (OpCo), other than Vacasa, Inc., will have the right, pursuant to the Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of OpCo, to cause OpCo to acquire all or a portion of their vested OpCo Units, which may be settled for, at our election, shares of Class A Common Stock at a redemption ratio of one share of Class A Common Stock for each OpCo Unit redeemed (subject to conversion rate adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends and reclassification) or an equivalent amount of cash and, in each case, the cancellation of an equal number of shares of such OpCo Unitholder's Class B Common Stock. Any shares of Class A Common Stock we may issue in connection with such redemptions will also be eligible for sale in the public market subject to compliance with applicable securities laws.
As restrictions on the resale of shares of our Class A Common Stock expire or otherwise lapse, including in connection with the availability of registration statements covering such shares, the market price of our Class A Common Stock could decline significantly if the holders of these shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, might also make it more difficult for us to raise capital through the issuance and sale of equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
Item 6. Exhibits
The documents listed in the Exhibit Index of this Quarterly Report are herein incorporated by reference or are filed with this Quarterly Report, in each case as indicated herein.
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Exhibit Index
| Incorporated by Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | File Number | Date | Exhibit | Filed/Furnished Herewith | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.1 | 8-K | 001-41130 | 12/9/21 | 3.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.2 | 8-K | 001-41130 | 12/9/21 | 3.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.1#† | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.2#† | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.3#† | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10.4# | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.1 | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31.2 | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32.1 | ** | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32.2 | ** | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File – the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | Filed herewith. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ** | Furnished herewith. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| † | Exhibits have been omitted from this filing pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted exhibits will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| # | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Vacasa, Inc. | |||||||||||
| (Registrant) | |||||||||||
| November 9, 2022 | By: | /s/ Robert Greyber | |||||||||
| (Date) | Name: | Robert Greyber | |||||||||
Title: | Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||
| November 9, 2022 | By: | /s/ Jamie Cohen | |||||||||
| (Date) | Name: | Jamie Cohen | |||||||||
Title: | Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||||||
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