VECTOR GROUP LTD - Quarter Report: 2017 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For The Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2017

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware	1-5759	65-0949535
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation	Commission File Number	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)

4400 Biscayne Boulevard

Miami, Florida 33137

305-579-8000

(Address, including zip code and telephone number, including area code,

of the principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

x Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



x Large accelerated filer	o Accelerated filer	o Non-accelerated filer	o Smaller reporting company	o Emerging Growth Company
		(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

o Yes x No

At August 3, 2017, Vector Group Ltd. had 128,742,114 shares of common stock outstanding.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS



	Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Vector Group Ltd. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited):

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016	2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016	3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016	4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficiency for the six months ended June 30, 2017	5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016	6

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	52

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	65

Item 4. Controls and Procedures	65

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	66

Item 1A. Risk Factors	66

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	67

Item 6. Exhibits	68

SIGNATURE	69

VECTOR GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited



	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
ASSETS:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	410,409		$	393,530
Investment securities available for sale	146,223			156,903
Accounts receivable - trade, net	25,479			18,801
Inventories	87,979			89,834
Income taxes receivable, net	8,178			16,110
Restricted assets	8,797			7,330
Other current assets	29,458			22,955
Total current assets	716,523			705,463
Property, plant and equipment, net	80,994			80,448
Investments in real estate, net	23,675			23,640
Long-term investments	75,171			53,197
Investments in real estate ventures	201,356			221,258
Restricted assets	3,754			3,986
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net	261,189			261,918
Prepaid pension costs	22,882			22,273
Other assets	34,742			31,852
Total assets	$	1,420,286		$	1,404,035
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIENCY:
Current liabilities:
Current portion of notes payable and long-term debt	$	20,941		$	39,508
Current payments due under the Master Settlement Agreement	68,039			16,192
Current portion of employee benefits	937			937
Litigation accruals	5,371			3,659
Other current liabilities	145,825			135,852
Total current liabilities	241,113			196,148
Notes payable, long-term debt and other obligations, less current portion	1,158,877			1,132,943
Fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt	95,627			112,332
Non-current employee benefits	59,384			58,958
Deferred income taxes, net	85,176			93,085
Payments due under the Master Settlement Agreement	23,642			22,257
Litigation accruals	23,574			27,513
Other liabilities	17,414			14,071
Total liabilities	1,704,807			1,657,307
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders' deficiency:
Preferred stock, par value $1.00 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized	—			—
Common stock, par value $0.10 per share, 250,000,000 shares authorized,128,934,081 and 127,739,481 shares issued and outstanding	12,893			12,774
Accumulated deficit	(368,140		)	(333,529		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(12,606		)	(11,245		)
Total Vector Group Ltd. stockholders' deficiency	(367,853		)	(332,000		)
Non-controlling interest	83,332			78,728
Total stockholders' deficiency	(284,521		)	(253,272		)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficiency	$	1,420,286		$	1,404,035

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

VECTOR GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Revenues
Tobacco*	$	272,177		$	255,498		$	529,631		$	476,513
Real estate	199,812			182,765			357,566			342,512
E-cigarettes	—			10			—			48
Total Revenues	471,989			438,273			887,197			819,073

Expenses:
Cost of sales:
Tobacco*	186,907			168,607			362,661			305,345
Real estate	127,987			115,017			228,156			214,695
E-cigarettes	—			7			—			13
Total cost of sales	314,894			283,631			590,817			520,053

Operating, selling, administrative and general expenses	83,183			83,922			167,952			163,750
Litigation settlement and judgment expense	102			—			1,687			2,350
Restructuring charges	—			—			—			41
Operating income	73,810			70,720			126,741			132,879

Other income (expenses):
Interest expense	(46,691		)	(36,369		)	(92,912		)	(67,089		)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—			—			(34,110		)	—
Change in fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt	8,134			7,416			16,705			17,110
Equity in earnings from real estate ventures	15,291			2,813			26,404			2,306
Equity in (losses) earnings from investments	(1,459		)	1,089			(2,520		)	(582		)
Gain on sale of investment securities available for sale	37			139			187			706
Impairment of investment securities available for sale	(87		)	(49		)	(126		)	(4,862		)
Other, net	1,338			581			2,997			1,628
Income before provision for income taxes	50,373			46,340			43,366			82,096
Income tax expense	18,827			19,003			16,045			33,366

Net income	31,546			27,337			27,321			48,730

Net income attributed to non-controlling interest	(4,735		)	(3,322		)	(4,737		)	(5,377		)

Net income attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	26,811		$	24,015		$	22,584		$	43,353

Per basic common share:

Net income applicable to common share attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	0.20		$	0.19		$	0.16		$	0.34

Per diluted common share:

Net income applicable to common share attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	0.20		$	0.19		$	0.16		$	0.34

Dividends declared per share	$	0.40		$	0.38		$	0.80		$	0.76

* Revenues and cost of sales include federal excise taxes of $115,194, $106,861, $224,562 and $197,707, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

VECTOR GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Dollars in Thousands)

Unaudited



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016

Net income	$	31,546		$	27,337		$	27,321		$	48,730

Net unrealized losses on investment securities available for sale:
Change in net unrealized losses	(3,043		)	(820		)	(3,219		)	(5,454		)
Net unrealized losses (gains) reclassified into net income	50			(90		)	(61		)	4,156
Net unrealized losses on investment securities available for sale	(2,993		)	(910		)	(3,280		)	(1,298		)

Net change in forward contracts	1			9			2			18

Net change in pension-related amounts -
Amortization of loss	489			445			977			890
Net change in pension-related amounts	489			445			977			890

Other comprehensive loss	(2,503		)	(456		)	(2,301		)	(390		)

Income tax effect on:
Change in net unrealized losses on investment securities	1,235			337			1,311			2,245
Net unrealized losses (gains) reclassified into net income on investment securities	(20		)	37			25			(1,708		)
Forward contracts	1			(4		)	—			(7		)
Pension-related amounts	(198		)	(183		)	(396		)	(366		)
Income tax benefit on other comprehensive loss	1,018			187			940			164

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(1,485		)	(269		)	(1,361		)	(226		)

Comprehensive income	30,061			27,068			25,960			48,504

Comprehensive income attributed to non-controlling interest	(4,735		)	(3,322		)	(4,737		)	(5,377		)
Comprehensive income attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	25,326		$	23,746		$	21,223		$	43,127

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

VECTOR GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIENCY

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Share Amounts)

Unaudited



	Vector Group Ltd. Stockholders' Deficiency
						Additional Paid-In						Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Non-controlling
	Common Stock					Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Non-controlling
	Shares		Amount			Capital			Deficit			Loss			Interest			Total
Balance as of January 1, 2017	127,739,481		$	12,774		$	—		$	(333,529	)	$	(11,245	)	$	78,728		$	(253,272	)
Net income	—		—			—			22,584			—			4,737			27,321
Total other comprehensive loss	—		—			—			—			(1,361		)	—			(1,361		)
Total comprehensive income	—		—			—			—			—			—			25,960
Distributions and dividends on common stock	—		—			(49,139		)	(57,195		)	—			—			(106,334		)
Issuance of common stock	2,000,000		200			43,030			—			—			—			43,230
Cancellation of shares under share lending agreement	(805,400	)	(81		)	81			—			—			—			—
Stock-based compensation	—		—			6,028			—			—			—			6,028
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—		—			—			—			—			(133		)	(133		)
Balance as of June 30, 2017	128,934,081		$	12,893		$	—		$	(368,140	)	$	(12,606	)	$	83,332		$	(284,521	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

VECTOR GROUP LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollars in Thousands)

Unaudited



	Six Months Ended			Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2017			June 30, 2016
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	117,611		$	78,825
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sale of investment securities	22,396			67,033
Maturities of investment securities	93,368			343
Purchase of investment securities	(109,891		)	(56,691		)
Proceeds from sale or liquidation of long-term investments	466			1,000
Purchase of long-term investments	(26,000		)	(50		)
Investments in real estate ventures	(8,454		)	(11,806		)
Distributions from investments in real estate ventures	23,338			17,983
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance policies	(854		)	(393		)
(Increase) decrease in restricted assets	(1,235		)	2,674
Issuance of notes receivable	(1,500		)	—
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets	75			5
Capital expenditures	(8,346		)	(7,615		)
Pay downs of investment securities	1,620			4,926
Investments in real estate, net	(205		)	(81		)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(15,222		)	17,328
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt	850,020			243,282
Deferred financing costs	(19,200		)	(6,600		)
Repayments of debt	(836,145		)	(2,917		)
Borrowings under revolver	110,979			89,695
Repayments on revolver	(129,479		)	(80,223		)
Dividends and distributions on common stock	(104,750		)	(97,846		)
Contributions from non-controlling interest	—			248
Distributions to non-controlling interest	(165		)	(7,422		)
Proceeds from issuance of Vector common stock	43,230			—
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(85,510		)	138,217
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	16,879			234,370
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	393,530			240,368
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	410,409		$	474,738

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited


1.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES


(a)	Basis of Presentation:

The condensed consolidated financial statements of Vector Group Ltd. (the “Company” or “Vector”) include the accounts of Liggett Group LLC (“Liggett”), Vector Tobacco Inc. (“Vector Tobacco”), Liggett Vector Brands LLC (“Liggett Vector Brands”), Zoom E-Cigs LLC (“Zoom”), New Valley LLC (“New Valley”) and other less significant subsidiaries. New Valley includes the accounts of Douglas Elliman Realty, LLC (“Douglas Elliman”) and other less significant subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Liggett and Vector Tobacco are engaged in the manufacture and sale of cigarettes in the United States. Zoom is engaged in the sale of electronic cigarettes in the United States. New Valley is engaged in the real estate business.

The unaudited, interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and, in management's opinion, contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring items, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods presented. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The consolidated results of operations for interim periods should not be regarded as necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year.


(b)	Distributions and Dividends on Common Stock:

The Company records distributions on its common stock as dividends in its condensed consolidated statement of stockholders' deficiency to the extent of retained earnings. Any amounts exceeding retained earnings are recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital to the extent paid-in-capital is available and then to accumulated deficit. The Company’s stock dividends are recorded as stock splits and given retroactive effect to earnings per share for all periods presented.


(c)	Revenue Recognition:

Tobacco and E-Cigarettes sales: Revenues from sales are recognized upon the shipment of finished goods when title and risk of loss have passed to the customer, there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the sale price is fixed or determinable and collectibility is reasonably assured. The Company provides an allowance for expected sales returns, net of any related inventory cost recoveries (e.g. federal excise taxes). Certain sales incentives, including promotional price discounts, are classified as reductions of net sales. The Company includes federal excise taxes on tobacco sales in revenues and cost of goods sold. Since the Company’s primary line of business is tobacco, the Company’s financial position and its results of operations and cash flows have been and could continue to be materially adversely affected by significant unit sales volume declines at the Company and industry levels, regulation, litigation and defense costs, increased tobacco costs or reductions in the selling price of cigarettes in the near term.

Real estate sales: Revenue is recognized only when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, the transaction has been completed and collectibility of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Real estate commissions earned by the Company’s real estate brokerage businesses are recorded as revenue on a gross basis upon the closing of a real estate transaction as evidenced when the escrow or similar account is closed, the transaction documents have been recorded and funds are distributed to all appropriate parties. Commissions expenses are recognized concurrently with related revenues. Property management fees and rental commissions earned are recorded as revenue when the related services are performed and the earnings process is complete.


(d)	Earnings Per Share (“EPS”):

Information concerning the Company's common stock has been adjusted to give retroactive effect to the 5% stock dividend paid to Company stockholders on September 29, 2016. All per share amounts and references to share amounts have been updated to reflect the retrospective effect of the stock dividends.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

Net income for purposes of determining basic and diluted EPS was as follows:



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net income attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	26,811		$	24,015		$	22,584		$	43,353
Income attributed to participating securities	(1,501		)	(784		)	(2,984		)	(1,417		)
Net income available to common shares attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	25,310		$	23,231		$	19,600		$	41,936

Basic and diluted EPS were calculated using the following common shares:



	Three Months Ended		Six Months Ended
	June 30,		June 30,
	2017	2016	2017	2016
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS	126,180,511	123,969,150	125,876,144	123,965,476
Plus incremental shares related to stock options and non-vested restricted stock	354,577	248,165	317,563	226,155
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS	126,535,088	124,217,315	126,193,707	124,191,631

The following were outstanding during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, but were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the effect was anti-dilutive.



	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Weighted-average number of shares issuable upon conversion of debt	26,140,250		26,140,251		26,140,250		26,140,251
Weighted-average conversion price	$	18.70	$	18.70	$	18.70	$	18.70


(e)	Fair Value of Derivatives Embedded within Convertible Debt:

The Company has estimated the fair value of the embedded derivatives based principally on the results of a valuation model. A readily determinable fair value of the embedded derivatives is not available. The estimated fair value of the derivatives embedded within the convertible debt is based principally on the present value of future dividend payments expected to be received by the convertible debt holders over the term of the debt. The discount rate applied to the future cash flows is estimated based on a spread in the yield of the Company's debt when compared to risk-free securities with the same duration. The valuation model assumes future dividend payments by the Company and utilizes interest rates and credit spreads for secured to unsecured debt, unsecured to subordinated debt and subordinated debt to preferred stock to determine the fair value of the derivatives embedded within the convertible debt. The valuation also considers other items, including current and future dividends and the volatility of Vector's stock price. At June 30, 2017, the range of estimated fair values of the Company's embedded derivatives was between $95,256 and $96,300. The Company recorded the fair value of its embedded derivatives at the approximate midpoint of the range at $95,627 as of June 30, 2017. At December 31, 2016, the range of estimated fair values of the Company's embedded derivatives was between $111,653 and $113,090. The Company recorded the fair value of its embedded derivatives at the midpoint of the range at $112,332 as of December 31, 2016. The estimated fair value of the Company's embedded derivatives could change significantly based on future market conditions. (See Note 6.)

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited


(f)	Investments in Real Estate Ventures:

In accounting for its Investments in real estate ventures, the Company identified its participation in Variable Interest Entities (“VIE”), which are defined as entities in which the equity investors at risk have not provided enough equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated support or the equity investors (1) cannot directly or indirectly make decisions about the entity’s activities through their voting rights or similar rights; (2) do not have the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity; (3) do not have the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity; or (4) have voting rights that are not proportionate to their economic interests and the entity’s activities involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor with a disproportionately small voting interest.

The Company's interest in VIEs is primarily in the form of equity ownership. The Company examines specific criteria and uses judgment when determining if the Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE. Factors considered include risk and reward sharing, experience and financial condition of other partner(s), voting rights, involvement in day-to-day capital and operating decisions, representation on a VIE's executive committee, existence of unilateral kick-out rights exclusive of protective rights or voting rights and level of economic disproportionality between the Company and its other partner(s).

Accounting guidance requires the consolidation of VIEs in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The guidance requires consolidation of VIEs that an enterprise has a controlling financial interest. A controlling financial interest will have both of the following characteristics: (a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and (b) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company's maximum exposure to loss in its investments in unconsolidated VIEs is limited to its investment in the unconsolidated VIEs which is the carrying value. The Company's maximum exposure to loss in its investment in its consolidated VIEs is limited to its investment which is the carrying value of the investment net of the non-controlling interest. Creditors of the consolidated VIEs have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary.


(g)	Other, Net:

Other, net consisted of:



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Interest and dividend income	$	1,625		$	1,452		$	3,370		$	2,776
Gain on long-term investment	197			—			162			—
Impairment of long-term investments	(525		)	(921		)	(525		)	(1,203		)
Other income (expense)	41			50			(10		)	55
Other, net	$	1,338		$	581		$	2,997		$	1,628

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited


(h)	Other Current Liabilities:

Other current liabilities consisted of:



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Accounts payable	$	9,453	$	10,573
Accrued promotional expenses	19,857		23,763
Accrued excise and payroll taxes payable, net	22,809		10,044
Accrued interest	33,130		35,449
Commissions payable	14,269		6,164
Accrued salary and benefits	20,857		26,958
Other current liabilities	25,450		22,901
Total other current liabilities	$	145,825	$	135,852


(i)	Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net:

The components of “Goodwill and other intangible assets, net” were as follows:



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Goodwill	$	70,815	$	70,815

Indefinite life intangibles:
Intangible asset associated with benefit under the MSA	107,511		107,511
Trademark - Douglas Elliman	80,000		80,000

Intangibles with a finite life, net	2,863		3,592

Total goodwill and other intangible assets, net	$	261,189	$	261,918


(j)	Subsequent Event:

On July 31, 2017, Douglas Elliman entered into a contract of sale to acquire Los Angeles-based Teles Properties, a California real estate brokerage firm.


(k)	New Accounting Pronouncements:

Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) adopted in 2017:

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”). ASU 2016-09 modified U.S. GAAP by requiring the following, among others: (1) all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are to be recognized as income tax expense or benefit on the income statement (excess tax benefits are recognized regardless of whether the benefit reduces taxes payable in the current period); (2) excess tax benefits are to be classified along with other income tax cash flows as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows; (3) in the area of forfeitures, an entity can still follow the current U.S. GAAP practice of making an entity-wide accounting policy election to estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or may instead account for forfeitures when they occur; and (4)

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

classification as a financing activity in the statement of cash flows of cash paid by an employer to the taxing authorities when directly withholding shares for tax withholding purposes. ASU 2016-09 was effective for the Company's fiscal year beginning January 1, 2017, including interim periods. The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 in the first quarter of 2017 and elected to apply this adoption prospectively. See Note 9 for information regarding the impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40)-Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”). ASU 2014-15 provides guidance to U.S. GAAP about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is a substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Specifically, ASU 2014-15 (1) defines the term substantial doubt, (2) requires an evaluation of every reporting period including interim periods, (3) provides principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plan, (4) requires certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans, (5) requires an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt is not alleviated, and (6) requires an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The amendments in this update were effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those reporting periods. The adoption of ASU 2014-15 did not change the Company’s conclusion of its ability to continue as a going concern.

ASUs to be adopted in future periods:

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits: Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost (“ASU 2017-07”). ASU 2017-07 provides guidance that require an employer to report the service cost component separate from the other components of net benefit pension costs. The employer is required to report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside the subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented. If a separate line item is not used, the line item used in the income statement must be disclosed. The amendments of this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued or made available for issuance. Other than the revised statement of operations presentation, the adoption of ASU 2017-07 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company does not plan to early adopt ASU 2017-07.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) (“ASU 2016-18”). ASU 2016-18 provides guidance on the classification of restricted cash to be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning of period and end of period total amounts on the statement of cash flows. This pronouncement is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 using a retrospective adoption method and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-18 will have on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and does not plan to early adopt ASU 2016-18.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 is intended to reduce diversity in practice on how certain cash receipts and payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The standard provides guidance in a number of situations including, among others, settlement of zero-coupon bonds, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims, and distributions received from equity method investees. ASU 2016-15 also provides guidance for classifying cash receipts and payments that have aspects of more than one class of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for the Company's fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The standard requires application using a retrospective transition method. The Company is currently assessing the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-15 will have on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and does not plan to early adopt ASU 2016-15.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) (“ASU 2016-08”). ASU 2016-08 does not change the core principle of the guidance stated in ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), (“ASU 2014-9”), instead, the amendments in this ASU are intended to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations and whether an entity reports revenue on a gross or net basis. ASU 2016-08 will have the same effective date and transition requirements as the new revenue standard issued in ASU 2014-09. In May 2014, FASB issued ASU 2014-9 that outlines a new, single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. Under the new model, recognition of revenue occurs when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the new standard requires that reporting companies disclose the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. As amended by ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date the new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning subsequent to December 15, 2016. The Company currently anticipates it will present the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard at the date of initial application, however, this expectation may change following the completion of the Company's evaluation of the impact of this guidance on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which provides guidance for accounting for leases. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to classify leases as either finance or operating leases and to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term greater than 12 months regardless of the lease classification. The lease classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest rate method or on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. Accounting for lessors remains largely unchanged from current U.S. GAAP. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2019 and subsequent interim periods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall: Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU 2016-01”). ASU 2016-01 modifies how entities measure equity investments and present changes in the fair value of financial liabilities. Under the new guidance, entities will have to measure equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value in net income unless the investments qualify for the new practicality exception. A practicality exception will apply to those equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value and do not qualify for the practical expedient to estimate fair value under ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, and as such these investments may be measured at cost. ASU 2016-01 will be effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning January 1, 2018 and subsequent interim periods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-01 will have on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.


2.	INVENTORIES

Inventories consist of:



	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Leaf tobacco	$	40,378		$	46,253
Other raw materials	3,438			3,733
Work-in-process	390			633
Finished goods	69,010			65,052
Inventories at current cost	113,216			115,671
LIFO adjustments	(25,237		)	(25,837		)
	$	87,979		$	89,834

All of the Company's inventories at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are reported under the LIFO method. The $25,237 LIFO adjustment as of June 30, 2017 decreases the current cost of inventories by $17,633 for Leaf tobacco, $213 for Other raw materials, $29 for Work-in-process and $7,362 for Finished goods. The $25,837 LIFO adjustment as of December 31, 2016 decreased the current cost of inventories by $17,632 for Leaf tobacco, $214 for Other raw materials, $29 for Work-in-process and $7,962 for Finished goods.

Liggett enters into purchase commitments with third-party providers for leaf tobacco. The future quantities of leaf tobacco and prices are established at the date of the commitments. At June 30, 2017, Liggett had tobacco purchase commitments of approximately $21,463. Liggett has a single source supply agreement for reduced ignition propensity cigarette paper through 2019.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

Each period, the Company capitalizes in inventory that portion of its MSA liability that relates to cigarettes shipped to public warehouses but not sold. The amount of capitalized MSA cost in “Finished goods” inventory was $17,689 and $17,364 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Federal excise tax in inventory was $28,949 and $25,888 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.


3.	INVESTMENT SECURITIES AVAILABLE FOR SALE

The components of investment securities available for sale at June 30, 2017 were as follows:



	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Marketable equity securities	$	35,425	$	12,427	$	(55	)	$	47,797
Mutual funds invested in fixed income securities	20,734		141		—			20,875
Marketable debt securities	77,201		350		—			77,551
Total investment securities available for sale	$	133,360	$	12,918	$	(55	)	$	146,223

The components of investment securities available for sale at December 31, 2016 were as follows:



	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Marketable equity securities	$	34,956	$	16,141	$	(254	)	$	50,843
Mutual funds invested in fixed income securities	20,507		81		(6		)	20,582
Marketable debt securities	85,297		181		—			85,478
Total investment securities available for sale	$	140,760	$	16,403	$	(260	)	$	156,903

The table below summarizes the maturity dates of marketable debt securities at June 30, 2017.



Investment Type:	Market Value		Under 1 Year		1 Year up to 5 Years		More than 5 Years
U.S. Government securities	$	28,527	$	—	$	28,527	$	—
Corporate securities	40,128		7,766		32,362		—
U.S. mortgage-backed securities	5,648		—		26		5,622
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	440		—		—		440
Index-linked U.S. bonds	2,307		—		2,307		—
Foreign fixed-income securities	501		—		501		—
Total marketable debt securities by maturity dates	$	77,551	$	7,766	$	63,723	$	6,062

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

The available-for-sale investment securities with continuous unrealized losses for less than 12 months and 12 months or greater and their related fair values were as follows:



	In loss position for
	Less than 12 months					12 months or more
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Total Fair Value		Total Unrealized Losses
June 30, 2017
Marketable equity securities	$	5,945	$	(55	)	$	—	$	—	$	5,945	$	(55	)
	$	5,945	$	(55	)	$	—	$	—	$	5,945	$	(55	)

December 31, 2016
Marketable equity securities	$	5,746	$	(254	)	$	—	$	—	$	5,746	$	(254	)
Mutual funds invested in fixed income securities	10,253		(6		)	—		—		10,253		(6		)
	$	15,999	$	(260	)	$	—	$	—	$	15,999	$	(260	)

Unrealized losses from mutual funds invested in fixed-income securities are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates. Unrealized losses from equity securities are due to market price movements. The Company believes the unrealized losses associated with the Company's mutual funds and equity securities will be recovered in the future.

Gross realized gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities were as follows:



	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Gross realized gains on sales	$	90		$	206		$	295		$	955
Gross realized losses on sales	(53		)	(67		)	(108		)	(249		)
Gains on sale of investment securities available for sale	$	37		$	139		$	187		$	706

Gross realized losses on other-than-temporary impairments	$	(87	)	$	(49	)	$	(126	)	$	(4,862	)

The Company recorded an “Other-than-temporary impairment” charge of $87 and $126 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. The Company recorded an “Other-than-temporary impairment” charge of $49 and $4,862 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. The largest component of the charge for the six months ended June 30, 2016 was $4,772 related to an investment in the common stock of Morgans Hotel Group Co. (“MHGC”), a company where Vector's President and Chief Executive Officer served as Chairman of the Board of Directors until December 1, 2016 when MHGC merged with another company. As a result, the common shares of MHGC ceased to be outstanding.

Although management generally does not have the intent to sell any specific securities at the end of the period, in the ordinary course of managing the Company's investment securities portfolio, management may sell securities prior to their maturities for a variety of reasons, including diversification, credit quality, yield and liquidity requirements.

Proceeds from investment securities sales totaled $22,396 and $67,033 and proceeds from early redemptions by issuers totaled $94,988 and $5,269 in the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, mainly from the sales and redemptions of Corporate securities and U.S. Government securities.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited


4.	LONG-TERM INVESTMENTS

Long-term investments consisted of the following:



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Investments accounted at cost	$	60,450	$	35,476
Investments accounted for under the equity method	14,721		17,721
	$	75,171	$	53,197

(a) Cost-Method Investments:

Long-term investments accounted at cost consisted of the following:



	June 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Value		Value		Value		Value
Investment partnerships	$	60,450	$	68,857	$	34,975	$	40,569
Real estate partnership	—		—		501		494
	$	60,450	$	68,857	$	35,476	$	41,063

The principal business of the investment partnerships is investing in investment securities. The estimated fair value of the investment partnerships was provided by the partnerships based on the indicated market values of the underlying assets or investment portfolio. The investments in these investment partnerships are illiquid and the ultimate realization of these investments is subject to the performance of the underlying partnership and its management by the general partners. In the future, the Company may invest in other investments, including limited partnerships, real estate investments, equity securities, debt securities, derivatives and certificates of deposit, depending on risk factors and potential rates of return.

If it is determined that an other-than-temporary decline in fair value exists in long-term investments, the Company records an impairment charge with respect to such investment in its consolidated statements of operations. The Company will continue to perform additional assessments to determine the impact, if any, on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Thus, future impairment charges may occur.

The Company has accounted for these investments using the cost method of accounting because the investments did not meet the requirements for equity method accounting.

The Company invested $25,000 in five new investments and made an additional contribution of $1,000 to one of its existing investments during the six months ended June 30, 2017. There were no cash contributions during the six months ended June 30, 2016. The Company received cash distributions of $663 and $1,000 from the Company's investments in long-term investments under the cost method for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The long-term investments are carried on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at cost. The fair value determination disclosed above would be classified as Level 3 under fair value hierarchy disclosed in Note 10 if such assets were recorded on the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. The fair value determinations disclosed above were based on company assumptions, and information obtained from the partnerships based on the indicated market values of the underlying assets of their investment portfolio.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

(b) Equity-Method Investments:

Long-term investments accounted for under the equity method consisted of the following:



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Indian Creek Investors LP ("Indian Creek")	$	3,209	$	5,248
Boyar Value Fund ("Boyar")	8,328		7,816
Ladenburg Thalmann Financial Services Inc. ("LTS")	3,184		4,657
Castle Brands, Inc. ("Castle")	—		—
	$	14,721	$	17,721

At June 30, 2017, the Company's ownership percentages in Indian Creek, Boyar, LTS and Castle were 20.09%, 32.18%, 7.79% and 7.96%, respectively. The Company accounted for its Indian Creek and Boyar interests as equity-method investments because the Company's ownership percentage meets the threshold for equity-method accounting. The Company accounted for its LTS and Castle interests as equity-method investments because the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence over their operating and financial policies.

The value of Boyar, based on the quoted market price as of June 30, 2017, was $8,328, equal to its carrying value. Ladenburg Thalmann Fund Management, LLC, an indirect subsidiary of LTS, is the manager of Boyar.

At June 30, 2017, the aggregate values of the LTS and Castle investments based on the quoted market price were $37,067 and $21,794, respectively.

The principal business of Indian Creek is investing in investment securities. Fair value approximates carrying value. The estimated fair value of the investment partnership was provided by the partnership based on the indicated market values of the underlying assets or investment portfolio. The investment in the investment partnership is illiquid and the ultimate realization of the investment is subject to the performance of the underlying partnership and its management by the general partners.

The Company received cash distributions of $480 and $572 from the Company's investments in long-term investments under the equity method for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company recognized equity in losses from investments under the equity method of $1,459 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and equity in earnings from investments under the equity method of $1,089 for the three months ended June 30, 2016. The Company recognized equity in losses from investments under the equity method of $2,520 and $582 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company has suspended its recognition of equity in losses from Castle to the extent such losses exceed its basis.

If it is determined that an other-than-temporary decline in fair value exists in long-term investments, the Company records an impairment charge with respect to such investment in its condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company will continue to perform additional assessments to determine the impact, if any, on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Thus, future impairment charges may occur.

The long-term investments are carried on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at cost under the equity method of accounting. The fair value determination disclosed above would be classified as Level 3 under fair value hierarchy disclosed in Note 10 if such assets were recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value.


5.	NEW VALLEY LLC

Investments in real estate ventures:

New Valley also holds equity investments in various real estate projects. The majority of New Valley's investment in real estate ventures were located in the New York City Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area ("SMSA"). New Valley aggregated the disclosure of its investments in real estate ventures by property type and operating characteristics.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

The components of “Investments in real estate ventures” were as follows:



	Range of Ownership	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Condominium and Mixed Use Development:
New York City SMSA	3.1% - 49.5%	$	128,168	$	131,770
All other U.S. areas	3.0% - 48.5%	26,615		40,950
		154,783		172,720
Apartment Buildings:
All other U.S. areas	7.6% - 16.3%	7,458		8,287
		7,458		8,287
Hotels:
New York City SMSA	5.2%	22,226		21,895
International	49.0%	2,501		3,037
		24,727		24,932
Commercial:
New York City SMSA	49.0%	2,820		3,290
All other U.S. areas	2.1%	9,844		10,000
		12,664		13,290

Other	50.0%	1,724		2,029
Investments in real estate ventures		$	201,356	$	221,258

Contributions:

New Valley made contributions to its investments in real estate ventures as follows:



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016
Condominium and Mixed Use Development:
New York City SMSA	$	675	$	1,259
All other U.S. areas	6,242		7,542
	6,917		8,801
Hotels:
New York City SMSA	1,537		2,515
International	—		490
	1,537		3,005

Total contributions	$	8,454	$	11,806

New Valley contributed its proportionate share of additional capital along with contributions by the other investment partners during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016. New Valley did not elect to make certain capital contributions to Monad Terrace. This resulted in a change in ownership percentage from 24.3% to 22.2%. For other ventures where New Valley previously held an investment, New Valley contributed its proportionate share of additional capital along with contributions by the other investors. New Valley's direct investment percentage for these ventures did not change.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

Distributions:

New Valley received distributions from its investments in real estate ventures as follows:



	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016
Condominium and Mixed Use Development:
New York City SMSA	$	31,280	$	9,940
All other U.S. areas	17,949		10,045
	49,229		19,985
Apartment Buildings:
All other U.S. areas	182		8,707
	182		8,707
Hotels:
International	239		—
	239		—
Commercial:
New York City SMSA	101		235
All other U.S. areas	92		—
	193		235

Other	1,150		1,049
Total distributions	$	50,993	$	29,976

Of the distributions received by New Valley from its investment in real estate ventures, $27,655 and $11,993 were from distributions of earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, respectively, and $23,338 and $17,983 were a return of capital for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, respectively. Distributions from earnings are included in cash from operations in the Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows, while distributions that are returns of capital are included in cash flows from investing activities in the Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

Equity in Earnings (Losses) from Real Estate Ventures:

New Valley recognized equity in earnings (losses) from real estate ventures as follows:



	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Condominium and Mixed Use Development:
New York City SMSA	$	17,116		$	3,279		$	29,296		$	2,610
All other U.S. areas	(863		)	(317		)	(1,155		)	(831		)
	16,253			2,962			28,141			1,779
Apartment Buildings:
All other U.S. areas	(724		)	1,630			(647		)	2,146
	(724		)	1,630			(647		)	2,146
Hotels:
New York City SMSA	(519		)	(494		)	(1,206		)	(1,074		)
International	254			305			(296		)	230
	(265		)	(189		)	(1,502		)	(844		)
Commercial:
New York City SMSA	(124		)	(1,744		)	(369		)	(1,532		)
All other U.S. areas	(64		)	—			(64		)	—
	(188		)	(1,744		)	(433		)	(1,532		)

Other	215			154			845			757
Equity in earnings from real estate ventures	$	15,291		$	2,813		$	26,404		$	2,306

Investment in Real Estate Ventures Entered into during 2017:

In March 2017, New Valley invested $1,170 for an approximate 3.0% interest in Witkoff GP Partners LLC. The purpose of the joint venture is to use contributed capital to invest in other real estate ventures. New Valley has invested an additional $4,286 as of June 30, 2017. The venture is a variable interest entity; however, New Valley is not the primary beneficiary. New Valley accounts for this investment under the equity method of accounting. New Valley's maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investment in Witkoff GP Partners LLC was $5,463 at June 30, 2017. New Valley has committed to contribute up to an additional $14,544 to the venture.

In April 2017, New Valley invested $402 for an approximate 9.8% interest in New Brookland East LLC. The joint venture plans to develop a condominium complex. The venture is a variable interest entity; however, New Valley is not the primary beneficiary. New Valley accounts for this investment under the equity method of accounting. New Valley's maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investment in New Brookland East LLC was $410 at June 30, 2017.

VIE Consideration:

The Company has determined that New Valley is the primary beneficiary of two real state ventures because it controls the activities that most significantly impact economic performance of each of the two real estate ventures. Consequently, New Valley consolidates these variable interest entities ("VIEs").

The carrying amount of the consolidated assets of the VIEs was $14,533 and $14,385 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Those assets are owned by the VIEs, not the Company. Neither of the two consolidated VIEs had recourse liabilities as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. A VIE's assets can only be used to settle obligations of that VIE. The VIEs are not guarantors of the Company's senior notes and other debts payable.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

For the remaining investments in real estate ventures, New Valley determined that the entities were variable interest entities but New Valley was not the primary beneficiary. Therefore, New Valley's investment in such real estate ventures has been accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

Maximum Exposure to Loss:

New Valley's maximum exposure to loss was as follows:



	June 30, 2017
Condominium and Mixed Use Development:
New York City SMSA	$	129,745
All other U.S. areas	32,377
	162,122
Apartment Buildings:
All other U.S. areas	7,458
	7,458
Hotels:
New York City SMSA	22,226
International	2,501
	24,727
Commercial:
New York City SMSA	2,820
All other U.S. areas	9,844
	12,664
Other	1,724
Total maximum exposure to loss	$	208,695

For the six months ended June 30, 2017, New Valley recognized $3,766 of interest expense that was previously capitalized into the carrying value of its ventures. For the six months ended June 30, 2016, New Valley capitalized $4,836 of interest expense into the carrying value of its ventures whose projects were currently under development.

Douglas Elliman has been engaged by the developers as the sole broker or the co-broker for several of the real estate ventures that New Valley owns an interest. Douglas Elliman earned gross commissions of approximately $5,371 and $8,079 from these projects for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and June 30, 2016, respectively.

Combined Financial Statements for Unconsolidated Subsidiaries:

Pursuant to Rule 10-01(b), the following summarized financial data for unconsolidated subsidiaries includes information for the 10 Madison Square West Condominium and Mixed Use Development. New Valley has elected a one-month lag reporting period for 10 Madison Square West.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

Condominium and Mixed Use Development:



	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Income Statement
Revenue	$	102,039	$	196,658	$	162,364	$	258,584
Cost of sales	49,037		122,911		101,879		155,714
Other expenses	1,512		1,151		3,093		1,436
Income from continuing operations	$	51,490	$	72,596	$	57,392	$	101,434

Investments in Real Estate, net:

The components of “Investments in real estate, net” were as follows:



	June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Escena, net	$	10,622	$	10,792
Sagaponack	13,053		12,848
Investments in real estate, net	$	23,675	$	23,640

Escena. The assets of “Escena, net” were as follows:



	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Land and land improvements	$	8,907		$	8,907
Building and building improvements	1,879			1,878
Other	2,058			2,028
	12,844			12,813
Less accumulated depreciation	(2,222		)	(2,021		)
	$	10,622		$	10,792

New Valley recorded operating losses of $345 and $299 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, from Escena. New Valley recorded operating income of $207 and $209 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, from Escena.

Investment in Sagaponack. In April 2015, New Valley invested $12,502 in a residential real estate project located in Sagaponack, NY. The project is wholly owned and the balances of the project are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company. As of June 30, 2017, the assets of Sagaponack consisted of land and land improvements of $13,053.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited


6.	NOTES PAYABLE, LONG-TERM DEBT AND OTHER OBLIGATIONS

Notes payable, long-term debt and other obligations consist of:



	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Vector:
7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2021, including premium of $13,954	$	—		$	848,954
6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2025	850,000			—
7.5% Variable Interest Senior Convertible Notes due 2019, net of unamortized discount of $91,396 and $108,480*	138,604			121,520
5.5% Variable Interest Senior Convertible Debentures due 2020, net of unamortized discount of $62,852 and $71,247*	195,898			187,503
Liggett:
Revolving credit facility	18,810			37,163
Term loan under credit facility	2,852			2,999
Equipment loans	3,474			4,519
Other	512			591
Notes payable, long-term debt and other obligations	1,210,150			1,203,249
Less:
Debt issuance costs	(30,332		)	(30,798		)
Total notes payable, long-term debt and other obligations	1,179,818			1,172,451
Less:
Current maturities	(20,941		)	(39,508		)
Amount due after one year	$	1,158,877		$	1,132,943

______________________

* The fair value of the derivatives embedded within the 7.5% Variable Interest Senior Convertible Notes ($42,489 at June 30, 2017 and $52,899 at December 31, 2016, respectively) and the 5.5% Variable Interest Senior Convertible Debentures ($53,138 at June 30, 2017 and $59,433 at December 31, 2016, respectively), is separately classified as a derivative liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Senior Secured Notes - Vector:

7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 - Vector:

In February 2013, the Company issued $450,000 of its 7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2021. The aggregate net proceeds from the issuance of the 7.75% Senior Secured Notes were approximately $438,250 after deducting offering expenses. On April 15, 2014, the Company completed the sale of an additional $150,000 principal amount of its 7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 for a price of 106.75%. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $158,670 after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, fees and offering expenses. On May 9, 2016, the Company completed the sale of an additional $235,000 principal amount of its 7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 for a price of 103.5%. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $236,900 after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, fees and offering expenses.

The 7.75% Senior Secured Notes paid interest on a semi-annual basis at a rate of 7.75% per year and had a maturity date of February 15, 2021. The 7.75% Senior Secured Notes were guaranteed subject to certain customary automatic release provisions on a joint and several basis by all of the 100% owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company that are engaged in the conduct of the Company’s cigarette businesses. In addition, some of the guarantees were collateralized by second priority or first priority security interests in certain collateral of some of the subsidiary guarantors, including their common stock, pursuant to security and pledge agreements.

On January 27, 2017, the Company completed the sale of $850,000 of its 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 in a private offering to qualified institutional investors in accordance with Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933. The Company used the net cash proceeds from the 6.125% Senior Secured Notes offering, together with the proceeds of the concurrent sale of 2,000,000 of its common shares, to redeem all of the Company’s outstanding 7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 and to satisfy and discharge the indenture governing the existing 7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2021.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

On February 26, 2017, the Company retired the outstanding $835,000 principal amount of its 7.75% Senior Secured Notes at a premium of 103.875%, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Company accounted for the redemption of the 7.75% senior secured notes as an extinguishment of the debt. The Company incurred a loss on the extinguishment of debt of $34,110 for the six months ended June 30, 2017, which is comprised of $32,356 of redemption premium and tender offer costs as well as net non-cash charges of $1,754.

6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 — Vector:

The aggregate net proceeds from the sale of the 6.125% Senior Secured Notes were approximately $831,100 after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions, fees and offering expenses. The 6.125% Senior Secured Notes pay interest on a semi-annual basis at a rate of 6.125% per year and mature on February 1, 2025. Prior to February 1, 2020, the Company may redeem some or all of the 6.125% Senior Secured Notes at any time at a make-whole redemption price and, thereafter, the Company may redeem some or all of the 6.125% Senior Secured Notes at a premium that will decrease over time, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date. In the event of a change of control, as defined in the indenture governing the 6.125% Senior Secured Notes, each holder of the 6.125% Senior Secured Notes may require the Company to repurchase some or all of its 6.125% Senior Secured Notes at a repurchase price equal to 101% of their aggregate principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase. If the Company sells certain assets and does not apply the proceeds as required pursuant to the indenture, it must offer to repurchase the 6.125% Senior Secured Notes at the prices listed in the indenture.

The 6.125% Senior Secured Notes are guaranteed subject to certain customary automatic release provisions on a joint and several basis by all of the wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries of the Company that are engaged in the conduct of the Company’s cigarette businesses. (See Note 12.) In addition, some of the guarantees are collateralized by first priority or second priority security interests in certain assets of some of the subsidiary guarantors, including their common stock, pursuant to security and pledge agreements.

The indenture contains covenants that restrict the payment of dividends by the Company if the Company's consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, as defined in the indenture, for the most recently ended four full quarters is less than $75,000. The indenture also restricts the incurrence of debt if the Company's Leverage Ratio and its Secured Leverage Ratio, as defined in the indenture, exceed 3.0 and 1.5, respectively. The Company's Leverage Ratio is defined in the indenture as the ratio of the Company's and the guaranteeing subsidiaries' total debt less the fair market value of the Company's cash, investments in marketable securities and long-term investments to Consolidated EBITDA, as defined in the indenture. The Company's Secured Leverage Ratio is defined in the indenture in the same manner as the Leverage Ratio, except that secured indebtedness is substituted for indebtedness. As of June 30, 2017, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants.

Variable Interest Senior Convertible Debt — Vector:

Share Lending Agreement:

In connection with the offering of its 2019 Convertible Notes in November 2012, the Company lent Jefferies & Company (“Jefferies”), the underwriter for the offering, shares of the Company’s common stock under the Share Lending Agreement. As of June 30, 2017, 774,479 shares were outstanding on the Share Lending Agreement. The fair value of the outstanding shares was $16,512. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, 805,400 shares were returned but no cash was exchanged. The issuance costs associated with the Share Lending Agreement were presented on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the face amount of the related debt. The unamortized amount of these issuance costs was $1,803 and $2,140 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

Shares of Common Stock per $1,000 Principal Amount due on Convertible Notes:

The conversion rates for all convertible debt outstanding as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, are summarized below:



	June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
	Conversion Price		Shares per $1,000	Conversion Price		Shares per $1,000

7.5% Variable Interest Senior Convertible Notes due 2019	$	15.22	65.7030	$	15.22	65.7030
5.5% Variable Interest Senior Convertible Debentures due 2020	$	23.46	42.6185	$	23.46	42.6185

Revolving Credit Facility and Term Loan Under Credit Facility - Liggett:

As of June 30, 2017, a total of $21,662 was outstanding under the revolving and term loan portions of the credit facility. Availability, as determined under the facility, was approximately $28,700 based on eligible collateral at June 30, 2017.

Non-Cash Interest Expense and Loss on Extinguishment of Debt - Vector:



	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2017		2016		2017			2016
Amortization of debt discount, net	$	13,426	$	8,653	$	25,262		$	16,609
Amortization of debt issuance costs	2,233		1,401		4,233			2,569
Loss on extinguishment of 7.75% Senior Secured Notes	—		—		1,754		(1)	—
	$	15,659	$	10,054	$	31,249		$	19,178

______________________

⁽¹⁾The non-cash loss on extinguishment of the 7.75% Senior Secured Notes is a component of the $34,110 loss on the extinguishment of debt.

Fair Value of Notes Payable and Long-Term Debt:



	June 30, 2017					December 31, 2016
	Carrying			Fair		Carrying			Fair
	Value			Value		Value			Value
Notes payable and long-term debt	$	1,210,150	(1)	$	1,543,292	$	1,203,249	(1)	$	1,570,732

______________________

⁽¹⁾The carrying value does not include the carrying value of the embedded derivative. See Note 10.

Notes payable and long-term debt are carried on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at amortized cost. The fair value determinations disclosed above are classified as Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy disclosed in Note 10 if such liabilities were recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value. The estimated fair value of the Company's notes payable and long-term debt has been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies including the evaluation of the Company's credit risk as described in the Company's Form 10-K. The Company used a derived price based upon quoted market prices and trade activity as of June 30, 2017 to determine the fair value of its publicly-traded notes and debentures. The carrying value of the revolving credit facility and term loan is equal to the fair value. The fair value of the equipment loans and other obligations was determined by calculating the present value of the required future cash flows. However, considerable judgment is required to develop the estimates of fair value and, accordingly, the estimate presented herein is not necessarily indicative of the amount that could be realized in a current market exchange.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited


7.	CONTINGENCIES

Tobacco-Related Litigation:

Overview. Since 1954, Liggett and other United States cigarette manufacturers have been named as defendants in numerous direct, third-party and purported class actions predicated on the theory that cigarette manufacturers should be liable for damages alleged to have been caused by cigarette smoking or by exposure to secondary smoke from cigarettes. The cases have generally fallen into the following categories: (i) smoking and health cases alleging personal injury brought on behalf of individual plaintiffs (“Individual Actions”); (ii) lawsuits by individuals requesting the benefit of the Engle ruling (“Engle progeny cases”); (iii) smoking and health cases primarily alleging personal injury or seeking court-supervised programs for ongoing medical monitoring, as well as cases alleging that use of the terms “lights” and/or “ultra lights” constitutes a deceptive and unfair trade practice, common law fraud or violation of federal law, purporting to be brought on behalf of a class of individual plaintiffs (“Class Actions”); and (iv) health care cost recovery actions brought by various foreign and domestic governmental plaintiffs and non-governmental plaintiffs seeking reimbursement for health care expenditures allegedly caused by cigarette smoking and/or disgorgement of profits (“Health Care Cost Recovery Actions”). The future financial impact of the risks and expenses of litigation are not quantifiable. For the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, Liggett incurred tobacco product liability legal expenses and costs totaling $1,683 and $1,707, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, Liggett incurred tobacco product liability legal expenses and costs totaling $4,820 and $5,878, respectively. The tobacco product liability legal expenses and costs are included in the operating, selling, administrative and general expenses and litigation settlement and judgment expense line items in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Legal defense costs are expensed as incurred.

Litigation is subject to uncertainty and it is possible that there could be adverse developments in pending cases. With the commencement of new cases, the defense costs and the risks relating to the unpredictability of litigation increase. Management reviews on a quarterly basis with counsel all pending litigation and evaluates the probability of a loss being incurred and whether an estimate can be made of the possible loss or range of loss that could result from an unfavorable outcome. An unfavorable outcome or settlement of pending tobacco-related litigation could encourage the commencement of additional litigation. Damages awarded in tobacco-related litigation can be significant.

Bonds. Although Liggett has been able to obtain required bonds or relief from bonding requirements in order to prevent plaintiffs from seeking to collect judgments while adverse verdicts are on appeal, there remains a risk that such relief may not be obtainable in all cases. This risk has been reduced given that a majority of states now limit the dollar amount of bonds or require no bond at all. To obtain stays on judgments pending current appeals of the Calloway, Boatright and Ward cases Liggett, as of June 30, 2017, had secured $4,241 in bonds.

In June 2009, Florida amended its existing bond cap statute by adding a $200,000 bond cap that applies to all Engle progeny cases in the aggregate and establishes individual bond caps for individual Engle progeny cases in amounts that vary depending on the number of judgments in effect at a given time. The maximum amount of any such bond for an appeal in the Florida state courts will be no greater than $5,000. In several cases, plaintiffs challenged the constitutionality of the bond cap statute, but to date the courts have upheld the constitutionality of the statute. It is possible that the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows could be materially adversely affected by an unfavorable outcome of such challenges.

Accounting Policy. The Company and its subsidiaries record provisions in their consolidated financial statements for pending litigation when they determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. At the present time, while it is reasonably possible that an unfavorable outcome in a case may occur, except as disclosed in this Note 7: (i) management has concluded that it is not probable that a loss has been incurred in any of the pending tobacco-related cases; or (ii) management is unable to reasonably estimate the possible loss or range of loss that could result from an unfavorable outcome of any of the pending tobacco-related cases and, therefore, management has not provided any amounts in the consolidated financial statements for unfavorable outcomes, if any.

Cautionary Statement About Engle Progeny Cases. Since 2009, judgments have been entered against Liggett and other industry defendants in approximately 130 Engle progeny cases. A number of the judgments have been affirmed on appeal and satisfied by the defendants. Many have been overturned on appeal. As of June 30, 2017, 25 Engle progeny cases where Liggett was a defendant at trial resulted in verdicts. There have been 16 verdicts returned in favor of the plaintiffs (although in two of these cases (Irimi and Cohen) the court granted defendants' motion for a new trial) and nine in favor of Liggett. In five of the cases, punitive damages were awarded against Liggett (although in Calloway, the intermediate appellate court reversed the punitive and compensatory damages awards and remanded the case to the trial court for a new trial). Calloway, Irimi, Cohen

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

and Caprio were subsequently resolved under the Engle Progeny Settlement II, discussed below. In certain cases, the judgments were entered jointly and severally with other defendants and Liggett may face the risk that one or more co-defendants decline or otherwise fail to participate in the bonding required for an appeal or to pay their proportionate or jury-allocated share of a judgment. As a result, under certain circumstances, Liggett may have to pay more than its proportionate share of any bonding or judgment related amounts. Except as discussed in this Note 7 regarding the cases where an adverse verdict against Liggett remains on appeal, management is unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss from the remaining Engle progeny cases as there are currently multiple defendants in each case and, in most cases, discovery has not occurred or is limited. As a result, the Company lacks information about whether plaintiffs are in fact Engle class members (non-class members’ claims are generally time-barred), the relevant smoking history, the nature of the alleged injury and the availability of various defenses, among other things. Further, plaintiffs typically do not specify their demand for damages.

Although Liggett has generally been successful in managing litigation, litigation is subject to uncertainty and significant challenges remain, including with respect to the remaining Engle progeny cases. There can be no assurances that Liggett’s past litigation experience will be representative of future results. Judgments have been entered against Liggett in the past, in Individual Actions and Engle progeny cases, and several of those judgments were affirmed on appeal and satisfied by Liggett. It is possible that the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company could be materially adversely affected by an unfavorable outcome or settlement of any of the remaining smoking-related litigation. Liggett believes, and has been so advised by counsel, that it has valid defenses to the litigation pending against it, as well as valid bases for appeal of adverse verdicts. All such cases are and will continue to be vigorously defended. Liggett has entered into settlement discussions in individual cases or groups of cases where Liggett has determined it was in its best interest to do so, and it may continue to do so in the future, including with respect to the remaining Engle progeny cases. In October 2013, Liggett announced a settlement of the claims of more than 4,900 Engle progeny plaintiffs (see Engle Progeny Settlement I below). In December 2016, Liggett entered into an agreement to settle 124 Engle progeny cases for $17,650 (see Engle Progeny Settlement II below). In June 2017, Liggett entered into an agreement to settle nine cases (eight Engle progeny cases and one Individual Action) for $1,400. Liggett recorded a $1,400 charge in the first quarter of 2017 in connection with the settlement. As of June 30, 2017, Liggett (and in certain cases the Company) had, on an individual basis, settled 182 Engle progeny cases for approximately $6,300 in the aggregate, three of which occurred in the second quarter of 2017.

Individual Actions

As of June 30, 2017, there were 19 Individual Actions pending against Liggett and, in certain cases, the Company, where one or more individual plaintiffs allege injury resulting from cigarette smoking, addiction to cigarette smoking or exposure to secondary smoke and seek compensatory and, in some cases, punitive damages. These cases do not include the remaining Engle progeny cases or the individual cases pending in West Virginia state court as part of a consolidated action. The following table lists the number of Individual Actions by state:



State		Number of Cases
Florida		8
New York		5
Louisiana		2
West Virginia		2
Missouri		1
Ohio		1

The plaintiffs’ allegations of liability in cases in which individuals seek recovery for injuries allegedly caused by cigarette smoking are based on various theories of recovery, including negligence, gross negligence, breach of special duty, strict liability, fraud, concealment, misrepresentation, design defect, failure to warn, breach of express and implied warranties, conspiracy, aiding and abetting, concert of action, unjust enrichment, common law public nuisance, property damage, invasion of privacy, mental anguish, emotional distress, disability, shock, indemnity, violations of deceptive trade practice laws, the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”), state RICO statutes and antitrust statutes. In many of these cases, in addition to compensatory damages, plaintiffs also seek other forms of relief including treble/multiple damages, medical monitoring, disgorgement of profits and punitive damages. Although alleged damages often are not determinable from a complaint, and the law governing the pleading and calculation of damages varies from state to state and jurisdiction to jurisdiction, compensatory

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

and punitive damages have been specifically pleaded in a number of cases, sometimes in amounts ranging into the hundreds of millions and even billions of dollars.

Defenses raised in Individual Actions include lack of proximate cause, assumption of the risk, comparative fault and/or contributory negligence, lack of design defect, statute of limitations, equitable defenses such as “unclean hands” and lack of benefit, failure to state a claim and federal preemption.

Engle Progeny Cases

Engle Case. In May 1994, Engle was filed against Liggett and others in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The class consisted of all Florida residents who, by November 21, 1996, “have suffered, presently suffer or have died from diseases and medical conditions caused by their addiction to cigarette smoking.” In July 1999, after the conclusion of Phase I of the trial, the jury returned a verdict against Liggett and other cigarette manufacturers on certain issues determined by the trial court to be “common” to the causes of action of the plaintiff class. The jury made several findings adverse to the defendants including that defendants’ conduct “rose to a level that would permit a potential award or entitlement to punitive damages.” Phase II of the trial was a causation and damages trial for three of the class plaintiffs and a punitive damages trial on a class-wide basis before the same jury that returned the verdict in Phase I. In April 2000, the jury awarded compensatory damages of $12,704 to the three class plaintiffs, to be reduced in proportion to the respective plaintiff’s fault. In July 2000, the jury awarded approximately $145,000,000 in punitive damages, including $790,000 against Liggett.

In May 2003, Florida’s Third District Court of Appeal reversed the trial court and remanded the case with instructions to decertify the class. The judgment in favor of one of the three class plaintiffs, in the amount of $5,831, was overturned as time barred and the court found that Liggett was not liable to the other two class plaintiffs.

In July 2006, the Florida Supreme Court affirmed the decision vacating the punitive damages award and held that the class should be decertified prospectively, but determined that the following Phase I findings are entitled to res judicata effect in Engle progeny cases: (i) that smoking causes lung cancer, among other diseases; (ii) that nicotine in cigarettes is addictive; (iii) that defendants placed cigarettes on the market that were defective and unreasonably dangerous; (iv) that defendants concealed material information knowing that the information was false or misleading or failed to disclose a material fact concerning the health effects or addictive nature of smoking; (v) that defendants agreed to conceal or omit information regarding the health effects of cigarettes or their addictive nature with the intention that smokers would rely on the information to their detriment; (vi) that defendants sold or supplied cigarettes that were defective; and (vii) that defendants were negligent. The Florida Supreme Court decision also allowed former class members to proceed to trial on individual liability issues (using the above findings) and compensatory and punitive damages issues. In December 2006, the Florida Supreme Court added the finding that defendants sold or supplied cigarettes that, at the time of sale or supply, did not conform to the representations made by defendants. In October 2007, the United States Supreme Court denied defendants’ petition for writ of certiorari.

Pursuant to the Florida Supreme Court’s July 2006 ruling in Engle, which decertified the class on a prospective basis and affirmed the appellate court’s reversal of the punitive damages award, former class members had until January 2008 in which to file individual lawsuits. As a result, Liggett and the Company, and other cigarette manufacturers, were sued in thousands of Engle progeny cases in both federal and state courts in Florida. Although the Company was not named as a defendant in the Engle case, it was named as a defendant in substantially all of the Engle progeny cases where Liggett was named as a defendant.

Engle Progeny Settlement I. In October 2013, the Company and Liggett entered into a settlement with approximately 4,900 Engle progeny plaintiffs and their counsel. Pursuant to the terms of the settlement, Liggett agreed to pay a total of approximately $110,000, with approximately $61,600 paid in a lump sum and the balance to be paid in installments over 14 years, starting in February 2015. In exchange, the claims of more than 4,900 plaintiffs, including the claims of all plaintiffs with cases pending in federal court, were dismissed with prejudice against the Company and Liggett. Due to the settlement, in 2013, the Company recorded a charge of $86,213 of which approximately $25,000 is related to certain payments discounted to their present value using an 11% annual discount rate. The installment payments total approximately $48,000 on an undiscounted basis. The Company’s future payments will be approximately $3,400 per annum through 2028, with a cost of living increase beginning in 2021.

Engle Progeny Settlement II. In December 2016, the Company and Liggett entered into an agreement with 124 Engle progeny plaintiffs and their counsel. Pursuant to the terms of the settlement, Liggett agreed to pay $17,650, $14,000 of which was paid on December 7, 2016 with the balance of $3,650 to be paid in equal quarterly payments starting in January 2018, with 5% interest. Due to the settlement, the Company recorded a charge of $17,650 in the fourth quarter of 2016.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

Notwithstanding the comprehensive nature of the Engle Progeny Settlements, approximately 105 plaintiffs’ claims remain pending in state court. Therefore, the Company and Liggett may still be subject to periodic adverse judgments which could have a material adverse affect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

As of June 30, 2017, the following Engle progeny cases have resulted in judgments against Liggett:



Date	Case Name	County	Liggett Compensatory Damages (as adjusted)⁽¹⁾	Liggett Punitive Damages	Status ⁽²⁾
June 2002	Lukacs v. R.J. Reynolds	Miami-Dade	$12,418	$—	Liggett satisfied the judgment and the case is concluded.
August 2009	Campbell v. R.J. Reynolds	Escambia	156	—	Liggett satisfied the judgment and the case is concluded.
March 2010	Douglas v. R.J. Reynolds	Hillsborough	1,350	—	Liggett satisfied the judgment and the case is concluded.
April 2010	Clay v. R.J. Reynolds	Escambia	349	1,000	Liggett satisfied the judgment and the case is concluded.
April 2010	Putney v. R.J. Reynolds	Broward	17	—	On June 12, 2013, the Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed and remanded the case for further proceedings regarding the amount of the award. Both sides sought discretionary review from the Florida Supreme Court. In February 2016, the Florida Supreme Court reinstated the jury's verdict. The defendants moved for clarification of that order. The court clarified that it reversed the district court's decision regarding the statute of repose only, leaving the remaining portions of the decision intact, which, among other things, reversed an approximately $3,000 compensatory award against Liggett. The case was remanded to the trial court for proceedings consistent with those portions of the district court's decision that were not reversed. On May 23, 2017, the court granted Defendant's Motion for Remittitur and reduced the non-economic damages to $225. Plaintiff rejected the remittitur and a new trial will be conducted on non-economic damages.
April 2011	Tullo v. R.J. Reynolds	Palm Beach	225	—	Liggett satisfied the judgment and the case is concluded.
January 2012	Ward v. R.J. Reynolds	Escambia	1	—	Liggett satisfied the merits judgment. Subsequently, the trial court entered a joint and several final judgment on attorneys' fees and costs for $981 and defendants appealed that judgment. A decision is pending.
May 2012	Calloway v. R.J. Reynolds	Broward	—	—	A joint and several judgment for $16,100 was entered against R.J. Reynolds, Philip Morris, Lorillard and Liggett. On January 6, 2016, the Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed in part, including the $7,600 punitive damages award against Liggett, and remanded the case to the trial court for a new trial on certain issues. Both sides moved for rehearing and in September 2016, the Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed the judgment in its entirety and remanded the case for a new trial. As a result, the $1,530 compensatory award against Liggett was also reversed. The plaintiff filed a notice to invoke the discretionary jurisdiction of the Florida Supreme Court. The court declined to accept jurisdiction. Plaintiff filed a petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Supreme Court. This case was settled in December 2016 as part of Engle Progeny Settlement II.
December 2012	Buchanan v. R.J. Reynolds	Leon	2,750	—	Liggett satisfied the judgment and the case is concluded.
May 2013	D. Cohen v. R.J. Reynolds	Palm Beach	—	—	This case was settled in December 2016 as part of Engle Progeny Settlement II.
August 2013	Rizzuto v. R.J. Reynolds	Hernando	3,479	—	Liggett settled its portion of the judgment for $1,500 and the case is concluded as to Liggett.
August 2014	Irimi v. R.J. Reynolds	Broward	—	—	This case was settled in December 2016 as part of Engle Progeny Settlement II.
October 2014	Lambert v. R.J. Reynolds	Pinellas	3,600	9,500	Liggett satisfied the judgment and the case is concluded.
November 2014	Boatright v. R.J. Reynolds	Polk	—	300	In November 2014, the jury awarded compensatory damages in the amount of $15,000 with 15% fault apportioned to plaintiff and 85% to Philip Morris. A joint and several judgment was entered in the amount of $12,750 on the compensatory damages. Judgment was also entered against Liggett for $300 in punitive damages. Defendants appealed and plaintiff cross-appealed. The Second District Court of Appeal reversed the trial court's decision to reduce the judgment by plaintiff's assessed fault and affirmed as to all other issues on that appeal. In a separate appeal, the Second District Court of Appeal also reversed the trial court's ruling that plaintiff's proposals for settlement were invalid and remanded for determination of attorney's fees. Defendants filed notices to invoke the discretionary jurisdiction of the Florida Supreme Court on both appeals.
					Any potential liability as a result of the pending appeals is included in the amount Liggett will pay under Engle Progeny Settlement II.
June 2015	Caprio v. R.J. Reynolds	Broward	—	—	This case was settled in December 2016 as part of Engle Progeny Settlement II.
March 2017	Santoro v. R.J. Reynolds	Broward	160	15	In April 2017, a joint and several judgment was entered against R.J. Reynolds, Philip Morris and Liggett for $1,027, for compensatory damages. Judgment was also entered against Liggett for $15 in punitive damages. Post trial motions are scheduled for hearing on August 2, 2017.
Total Damages Awarded:			24,505	10,815
Amounts accrued, paid or compromised:			(24,328)	(10,800)
Damages remaining on Appeal:			$177	$15
(1) Compensatory damages are adjusted to reflect the jury's allocation of comparative fault and only include Liggett's jury allocated share, regardless of whether a judgment was joint and several. The amounts listed above do not include attorneys' fees or statutory interest.
(2) See Exhibit 99.1 for a more complete description of the cases currently on appeal.

Through June 30, 2017, Liggett paid $39,773, including interest and attorneys' fees, to satisfy the judgments in the following Engle progeny cases: Lukacs, Campbell, Douglas, Clay, Tullo, Ward, Rizzuto, Lambert and Buchanan.

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Except as disclosed elsewhere in this Note 7, the Company is unable to determine a range of loss related to the remaining Engle progeny cases. As cases proceed through the appellate process, the Company will consider accruals on a case-by-case basis if an unfavorable outcome becomes probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

Appeals of Engle Progeny Judgments. In December 2010, in the Martin case, a state court case against R.J. Reynolds, the First District Court of Appeal held that the trial court correctly construed the Florida Supreme Court’s 2006 decision in Engle in instructing the jury on the preclusive effect of the Phase I Engle findings. In July 2011, the Florida Supreme Court declined to review the First District Court of Appeal’s decision. In March 2012, the United States Supreme Court declined to review the Martin case, along with the Campbell case and two other Engle progeny cases. The Martin decision has led to additional adverse rulings by other state appellate courts.

In Jimmie Lee Brown, a state court case against R.J. Reynolds, the trial court tried the case in two phases. In the first phase, the jury determined that the smoker was addicted to cigarettes that contained nicotine and that his addiction was a legal cause of his death, thereby establishing he was an Engle class member. In the second phase, the jury determined whether the plaintiff established legal cause and damages with regard to each of the underlying claims. The jury found in favor of plaintiff in both phases. In September 2011, the Fourth District Court of Appeal affirmed the judgment entered in plaintiff’s favor and approved the trial court’s procedure of bifurcating the trial. The Fourth District Court of Appeal agreed with Martin that individual post-Engle plaintiffs need not prove conduct elements as part of their burden of proof, but disagreed with Martin to the extent that the First District Court of Appeal only required a finding that the smoker was a class member to establish legal causation as to addiction and the underlying claims. The Fourth District Court of Appeal held that in addition to establishing class membership, Engle progeny plaintiffs must also establish legal causation and damages as to each claim asserted. In so finding, the Fourth District Court of Appeal’s decision in Jimmie Lee Brown is in conflict with Martin.

In Rey, a state court case, the trial court entered final summary judgment on all claims in favor of the Company, Liggett and Lorillard based on what has been referred to in the Engle progeny litigation as the “Liggett Rule.” The Liggett Rule stands for the proposition that a manufacturer cannot have liability to a smoker under any asserted claim if the smoker did not use a product manufactured by that particular defendant. The Liggett Rule is based on the entry of final judgment in favor of Liggett/Brooke Group in Engle on all of the claims asserted against them by class representatives Mary Farnan and Angie Della Vecchia, even though the Florida Supreme Court upheld, as res judicata, the generic finding that Liggett/Brooke Group engaged in a conspiracy to commit fraud by concealment. In September 2011, the Third District Court of Appeal affirmed in part and reversed in part holding that the defendants were entitled to summary judgment on all claims asserted against them other than the claim for civil conspiracy. Defendants’ further appellate efforts were unsuccessful.

In Douglas, a state court case, the Second District Court of Appeal issued a decision affirming the judgment of the trial court in favor of the plaintiff and upholding the use of the Engle jury findings, but certified to the Florida Supreme Court the question of whether granting res judicata effect to the Engle jury findings violates defendants’ federal due process rights. In March 2013, the Florida Supreme Court affirmed the use of Engle jury findings and determined that there is no violation of the defendants’ due process rights. This was the first time the Florida Supreme Court addressed the merits of an Engle progeny case. In October 2013, the United States Supreme Court declined to review the decision and Liggett satisfied the judgment. To date, the United States Supreme Court has declined to review any Engle progeny decisions.

In April 2015, in Hess, a state court case, the Florida Supreme Court held that Engle defendants cannot raise a statute of repose defense to claims for concealment or conspiracy.

In April 2015, in Graham, a federal case, a panel of the Eleventh Circuit held that federal law impliedly preempts use of the res judicata Engle findings to establish claims for strict liability or negligence. In January 2016, the court granted plaintiff’s motion for rehearing en banc. In June 2017, the Eleventh Circuit, sitting en banc, ruled that giving full faith and credit to the Engle findings does not deprive defendants of property without due process. The court further concluded that federal law does not preempt the Engle Phase I negligence and strict liability findings.

In January 2016, in Marotta, the Fourth District Court of Appeal disagreed with the Graham panel's April 2015 decision. In April 2017, the Florida Supreme Court held that federal law does not implicitly preempt state law tort claims of strict liability and negligence by Engle progeny plaintiffs.

In November 2015, in Schoeff, the Fourth District Court of Appeal affirmed the trial court’s decision to reduce plaintiff’s compensatory damages award by the jury’s assessment of the deceased smoker’s assigned comparative fault despite the jury’s finding in favor of plaintiff on her claims for intentional torts. The Florida Supreme Court accepted discretionary jurisdiction of the issue based on a direct conflict with other district courts of appeal which have held that reduction of a compensatory

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damages award is inappropriate where a defendant is found liable for an intentional tort. Oral argument occurred on March 8, 2017. A decision is pending.

In March 2016, in Soffer, the Florida Supreme Court held that Engle progeny plaintiffs may seek punitive damages on their claims for non-intentional torts, rejecting the argument that plaintiffs are precluded from doing so because the Engle class did not pursue such damages on those claims.

Maryland Cases

Liggett was a defendant in 16 multi-defendant personal injury cases in Maryland that allege claims arising from asbestos and tobacco exposure. The tobacco defendants, including Liggett, moved to dismiss the cases. In the past, motions to dismiss have generally been successful, typically resulting in the dismissal without prejudice of the tobacco company defendants. In Stidham, et al. v. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, et al., however, a Maryland intermediate appellate court ruled that dismissal of tobacco company defendants may not be appropriate where the asserted injury is based on both asbestos and tobacco exposure (“synergy cases”). In July 2016, the Court of Appeals (Maryland's highest court) ruled that joinder of tobacco and asbestos cases may be possible in certain circumstances, but plaintiffs must demonstrate at the trial court level how such cases may be joined while providing appropriate safeguards to prevent embarrassment, delay, expense or prejudice to defendants and “the extent to which, if at all, the special procedures applicable to asbestos cases should extend to tobacco companies.” The Court of Appeals remanded these issues to be determined at the trial court level. On June 2, 2017, the trial court issued an order dismissing all synergy cases against the tobacco defendants, including Liggett, without prejudice. Plaintiffs may seek appellate review or file new cases against just the tobacco companies.

Liggett Only Cases

There are currently two cases pending where Liggett is the only remaining defendant. Each of these cases is an Individual Action. In Hausrath, a New York case, Liggett filed a motion to compel depositions. No hearing date has been scheduled. There has been no recent activity in Cowart, a Florida case. It is possible that cases where Liggett is the only defendant could increase as a result of the remaining Engle progeny cases.

Class Actions

As of June 30, 2017, three actions were pending for which either a class had been certified or plaintiffs were seeking class certification where Liggett is a named defendant. Other cigarette manufacturers are also named in these actions.

Plaintiffs’ allegations of liability in class action cases are based on various theories of recovery, including negligence, gross negligence, strict liability, fraud, misrepresentation, design defect, failure to warn, nuisance, breach of express and implied warranties, breach of special duty, conspiracy, concert of action, violation of deceptive trade practice laws and consumer protection statutes and claims under the federal and state anti-racketeering statutes. Plaintiffs in the class actions seek various forms of relief, including compensatory and punitive damages, treble/multiple damages and other statutory damages and penalties, creation of medical monitoring and smoking cessation funds, disgorgement of profits, and injunctive and equitable relief.

Defenses raised in these cases include, among others, lack of proximate cause, individual issues predominate, assumption of the risk, comparative fault and/or contributory negligence, statute of limitations and federal preemption.

In November 1997, in Young v. American Tobacco Co., a purported personal injury class action was commenced on behalf of plaintiff and all similarly situated residents in Louisiana who, though not themselves cigarette smokers, allege they were exposed to secondhand smoke from cigarettes that were manufactured by the defendants, including Liggett, and suffered injury as a result of that exposure. The plaintiffs seek to recover an unspecified amount of compensatory and punitive damages. No class certification hearing has been held. The case has been stayed for a number of years, with the stay renewed every few years. The last stay was entered on March 16, 2016 and stays the case, including all discovery, pending the completion of the smoking cessation program ordered by the court in Scott v. The American Tobacco Co.

In February 1998, in Parsons v. AC & S Inc., a purported class action was commenced on behalf of all West Virginia residents who allegedly have personal injury claims arising from exposure to cigarette smoke and asbestos fibers. The complaint seeks to recover $1,000 in compensatory and punitive damages individually and unspecified compensatory and punitive damages for the class. The case is stayed due to the December 2000 bankruptcy of three of the defendants.

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Although not technically a class action, in In Re: Tobacco Litigation (Personal Injury Cases), a West Virginia state court consolidated approximately 750 individual smoker actions that were pending prior to 2001 for trial of certain “common” issues. Liggett was severed from trial of the consolidated action. After two mistrials, in May 2013, the jury rejected all but one of the plaintiffs' claims, finding in favor of plaintiffs on the claim that ventilated filter cigarettes between 1964 and July 1, 1969 should have included instructions on how to use them. The issue of damages was reserved for further proceedings. The court entered judgment in October 2013, dismissing all claims except the ventilated filter claim. The judgment was affirmed on appeal and remanded to the trial court for further proceedings. In April 2015, the plaintiffs filed a petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Supreme Court which subsequently declined review. In July 2015, the trial court ruled on the scope of the ventilated filter claim and determined that only 30 plaintiffs have potentially viable claims against the non-Liggett defendants, which may be pursued in a second phase of the trial. The court intends to try the claims of these plaintiffs in six consolidated trials, each with five plaintiffs. With respect to Liggett, the trial court requested that Liggett and plaintiffs brief whether any claims against Liggett survive given the outcome of the first phase of the trial. On May 23, 2016, the trial court ruled that the case may proceed against Liggett. Liggett requested that the trial court certify the matter to the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals for review, but the trial court refused. A scheduling order was entered governing the Phase I common issues pre-trial proceedings and discovery is underway. It is estimated that Liggett could be a defendant in approximately 90 individual cases.

Health Care Cost Recovery Actions

As of June 30, 2017, one Health Care Cost Recovery Action was pending against Liggett, Crow Creek Sioux Tribe v. American Tobacco Company, a South Dakota case filed in 1997, where the plaintiff seeks to recover damages based on various theories of recovery as a result of alleged sales of tobacco products to minors. The case is inactive. Other cigarette manufacturers are also named as defendants.

The claims asserted in health care cost recovery actions vary, but can include the equitable claim of indemnity, common law claims of negligence, strict liability, breach of express and implied warranty, breach of special duty, fraud, negligent misrepresentation, conspiracy, public nuisance, claims under state and federal statutes governing consumer fraud, antitrust, deceptive trade practices and false advertising, and claims under RICO. Although no specific damage amounts are typically pleaded, it is possible that requested damages might be in the billions of dollars. In these cases, plaintiffs typically assert equitable claims that the tobacco industry was “unjustly enriched” by their payment of health care costs allegedly attributable to smoking and seek reimbursement of those costs. Relief sought by some, but not all, plaintiffs include punitive damages, multiple damages and other statutory damages and penalties, injunctions prohibiting alleged marketing and sales to minors, disclosure of research, disgorgement of profits, funding of anti-smoking programs, additional disclosure of nicotine yields, and payment of attorney and expert witness fees.

Department of Justice Lawsuit

In September 1999, the United States government commenced litigation against Liggett and other cigarette manufacturers in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. The action sought to recover an unspecified amount of health care costs paid and to be paid by the federal government for lung cancer, heart disease, emphysema and other smoking-related illnesses allegedly caused by the fraudulent and tortious conduct of defendants, to restrain defendants and co-conspirators from engaging in alleged fraud and other allegedly unlawful conduct in the future, and to compel defendants to disgorge the proceeds of their unlawful conduct. Claims were asserted under RICO.

In August 2006, the trial court entered a Final Judgment against each of the cigarette manufacturing defendants, except Liggett. In May 2009, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia affirmed most of the district court’s decision. The United States Supreme Court denied review. As a result, the cigarette manufacturing defendants, other than Liggett, are now subject to the trial court’s Final Judgment which ordered the following relief: (i) an injunction against “committing any act of racketeering” relating to the manufacturing, marketing, promotion, health consequences or sale of cigarettes in the United States; (ii) an injunction against participating directly or indirectly in the management or control of the Council for Tobacco Research, the Tobacco Institute, or the Center for Indoor Air Research, or any successor or affiliated entities of each; (iii) an injunction against “making, or causing to be made in any way, any material false, misleading, or deceptive statement or representation or engaging in any public relations or marketing endeavor that is disseminated to the United States’ public and that misrepresents or suppresses information concerning cigarettes” (iv) an injunction against conveying any express or implied health message through use of descriptors on cigarette packaging or in cigarette advertising or promotional material, including “lights,” “ultra lights,” and “low tar,” which the court found could cause consumers to believe one cigarette brand is less hazardous than another brand; (v) the issuance of “corrective statements” in various media regarding the adverse health effects of smoking, the addictiveness of smoking and nicotine, the lack of any significant health benefit from smoking “low tar” or “lights” cigarettes,

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defendants’ manipulation of cigarette design to ensure optimum nicotine delivery and the adverse health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke; (vi) the disclosure of defendants’ public document websites and the production of all documents produced to the government or produced in any future court or administrative action concerning smoking and health; (vii) the disclosure of disaggregated marketing data to the government in the same form and on the same schedules as defendants now follow in disclosing such data to the Federal Trade Commission for a period of ten years; (viii) certain restrictions on the sale or transfer by defendants of any cigarette brands, brand names, formulas or cigarette business within the United States; and (ix) payment of the government’s costs in bringing the action. In June 2014, the court approved a consent agreement between the defendants and the Department of Justice regarding the “corrective statements” to be issued by the defendants. In May 2015, the court of appeals issued an opinion on the legality of the “corrective statements,” affirming them in part and reversing them in part. The implementation of the “corrective statements” is uncertain as proceedings are ongoing.

It is unclear what impact, if any, the Final Judgment will have on the cigarette industry as a whole. To the extent that the Final Judgment leads to a decline in industry-wide shipments of cigarettes in the United States or otherwise results in restrictions that adversely affect the industry, the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.

Upcoming Trials

As of June 30, 2017, there was one Engle progeny case scheduled for trial through June 30, 2018, where Liggett (and/or the Company) is a named defendant. Trial dates are subject to change and additional cases could be scheduled for trial during this time frame.

MSA and Other State Settlement Agreements

In March 1996, March 1997 and March 1998, Liggett entered into settlements of smoking-related litigation with 45 states and territories. The settlements released Liggett from all smoking-related claims made by those states and territories, including claims for health care cost reimbursement and claims concerning sales of cigarettes to minors.

In November 1998, Philip Morris, R.J. Reynolds and two other companies (the “Original Participating Manufacturers” or “OPMs”) and Liggett and Vector Tobacco (together with any other tobacco product manufacturer that becomes a signatory, the “Subsequent Participating Manufacturers” or “SPMs”) (the OPMs and SPMs are hereinafter referred to jointly as "PMs") entered into the Master Settlement Agreement (the “MSA”) with 46 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands (collectively, the “Settling States”) to settle the asserted and unasserted health care cost recovery and certain other claims of the Settling States. The MSA received final judicial approval in each Settling State.

As a result of the MSA, the Settling States released Liggett and Vector Tobacco from:


•	all claims of the Settling States and their respective political subdivisions and other recipients of state health care funds, relating to: (i) past conduct arising out of the use, sale, distribution, manufacture, development, advertising and marketing of tobacco products; (ii) the health effects of, the exposure to, or research, statements or warnings about, tobacco products; and


•	all monetary claims of the Settling States and their respective subdivisions and other recipients of state health care funds relating to future conduct arising out of the use of, or exposure to, tobacco products that have been manufactured in the ordinary course of business.

The MSA restricts tobacco product advertising and marketing within the Settling States and otherwise restricts the activities of PMs. Among other things, the MSA prohibits the targeting of youth in the advertising, promotion or marketing of tobacco products; bans the use of cartoon characters in all tobacco advertising and promotion; limits each PM to one tobacco brand name sponsorship during any 12-month period; bans all outdoor advertising, with certain limited exceptions; prohibits payments for tobacco product placement in various media; bans gift offers based on the purchase of tobacco products without sufficient proof that the intended recipient is an adult; prohibits PMs from licensing third parties to advertise tobacco brand names in any manner prohibited under the MSA; and prohibits PMs from using as a tobacco product brand name any nationally recognized non-tobacco brand or trade name or the names of sports teams, entertainment groups or individual celebrities.

The MSA also requires PMs to affirm corporate principles to comply with the MSA and to reduce underage use of tobacco products and imposes restrictions on lobbying activities conducted on behalf of PMs. In addition, the MSA provides for the appointment of an independent auditor to calculate and determine the amounts of payments owed pursuant to the MSA.

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Under the payment provisions of the MSA, PMs are required to make annual payments of $9,000,000 (subject to applicable adjustments, offsets and reductions including a “Non-Participating Manufacturers Adjustment” or “NPM Adjustment”). These annual payments are allocated based on unit volume of domestic cigarette shipments. The payment obligations under the MSA are the several, and not joint, obligation of each PM and are not the responsibility of any parent or affiliate of a PM.

Liggett has no payment obligations under the MSA except to the extent its market share exceeds a market share exemption of approximately 1.65% of total cigarettes sold in the United States. Vector Tobacco has no payment obligations under the MSA except to the extent its market share exceeds a market share exemption of approximately 0.28% of total cigarettes sold in the United States. Liggett and Vector Tobacco’s domestic shipments accounted for 3.3% of the total cigarettes sold in the United States in 2016. If Liggett’s or Vector Tobacco’s market share exceeds their respective market share exemption in a given year, then on April 15 of the following year, Liggett and/or Vector Tobacco, as the case may be, must pay on each excess unit an amount equal (on a per-unit basis) to that due from the OPMs for that year. On December 29, 2016, Liggett and Vector Tobacco pre-paid $102,000 of their approximate $118,600 2016 MSA obligation, the balance of which was paid in April 2017, subject to any applicable disputes or adjustments.

Certain MSA Disputes

NPM Adjustment. Liggett and Vector Tobacco contend that they are entitled to an NPM Adjustment for each year from 2003 - 2016. The NPM Adjustment is a potential adjustment to annual MSA payments, available when PMs suffer a market share loss to NPMs for a particular year and an economic consulting firm selected pursuant to the MSA determines that the MSA was a “significant factor contributing to” that loss. A Settling State that has “diligently enforced” its qualifying escrow statute in the year in question may be able to avoid its allocable share of the NPM Adjustment. For 2003 - 2016, Liggett and Vector Tobacco, as applicable, disputed that they owed the Settling States the NPM Adjustments as calculated by the independent auditor. As permitted by the MSA, Liggett and Vector Tobacco either paid subject to dispute, withheld payment or paid into a disputed payment account, the amounts associated with these NPM Adjustments.

The two requirements for application of the NPM Adjustment, a market share loss and a finding or agreement that the MSA was a significant factor in that loss, have been satisfied for the years 2003 - 2014, and PMs have engaged in disputes with certain of the Settling States over whether they diligently enforced their respective escrow statutes in each of the years from 2003 - 2016. After several years of litigation over whether the MSA’s arbitration clause required a multistate arbitration of the NPM Adjustment dispute, 48 of 49 state courts ultimately compelled the states to participate in a single, multistate arbitration of the 2003 NPM Adjustment. Notwithstanding, many states continued to refuse to arbitrate and agreed to do so only after PMs agreed to a 20% reduction in their 2003 NPM Adjustment claims.

The arbitration for the 2003 NPM Adjustment began in June 2010. During the proceedings, PMs decided not to contest the diligent enforcement of 16 states, with a combined allocable share of approximately 14%.

While the 2003 arbitration was underway, PMs entered into a term sheet with 22 states settling the NPM Adjustment for 2003 - 2012 and agreed to terms to address the NPM Adjustment with respect to those states for future years. The parties have been working towards converting the binding term sheet into a final settlement agreement. In 2014, Kentucky and Indiana joined the term sheet settlement. In April 2017, Rhode Island and Oregon joined the term sheet settlement.

PMs continued to contest the diligence of 15 states relating to the 2003 NPM Adjustment. In September 2013, the panel found that six of those states did not diligently enforce their MSA escrow statutes in 2003.

Two of the states found non-diligent, Kentucky and Indiana, agreed to settle the dispute and enter into the term sheet described above. The remaining four non-diligent states pursued motions in their respective state courts seeking to vacate or reduce the amount of the arbitration award. The Pennsylvania, Maryland and Missouri courts refused to vacate the award but reduced the recovery by approximately 50%. In October 2016, the United States Supreme Court denied PMs' petitions for certiorari from the Pennsylvania and Maryland decisions and, in February 2017, the Missouri Supreme Court affirmed the trial court’s order reducing the award. In September 2016, the New Mexico trial court refused to vacate the award and reduced Liggett's recovery by approximately $150. PMs appealed that decision to the New Mexico Court of Appeals. Briefing is underway.

In October 2015, substantially all PMs settled the NPM Adjustment dispute with the state of New York for 2004 - 2014 and agreed to a mechanism for potential future credits against PMs' MSA payments for 2015 forward.

As a result of the settlements and arbitration award described above, Liggett and Vector Tobacco reduced cost of sales in the aggregate by $21,739 for years 2013 - 2016 and by an additional $896 for the six months ended June 30, 2017. Liggett and Vector Tobacco may be entitled to further adjustments for 2015 forward. The remaining NPM Adjustment accrual of

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approximately $19,000 at June 30, 2017 relates to the disputed amounts Liggett withheld from the non-settling states for 2004 - 2010, which may be subject to payment, with interest, if Liggett loses the disputes for those years. As of June 30, 2017, there remains approximately $32,700 in the disputed payments account relating to Liggett's 2011 - 2016 NPM Adjustment disputes with the non-settling states.

Disputes over the NPM Adjustments for 2004 - 2016 remain to be arbitrated with the 19 states that have not settled. The disputes over the NPM Adjustments for 2015 and 2016 remain to be arbitrated with all states except Oregon, which settled the dispute for 2015.

The arbitration for the 2004 NPM Adjustment dispute has commenced. Courts in three states, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Missouri rejected arguments that those states’ claims of diligent enforcement should be addressed by a separate state-specific panel and they are participating in the multistate arbitration. New Mexico's trial court recently granted a motion to compel it to participate as well. New Mexico appealed that order, but PMs have moved to compel New Mexico to participate in the arbitration pending the appeal. A hearing on the motion occurred on July 13, 2017 and a decision is pending. Discovery has been completed in the 2004 NPM Adjustment proceeding. A common hearing applicable to all states began on June 20, 2017 and evidentiary hearings will commence in November 2017.

“Gross” v. “Net” Calculations. In October 2004, the independent auditor notified all PMs that their payment obligations under the MSA, dating from the agreement’s execution in late 1998, had been recalculated using “net” units, rather than “gross” units (which had been used since 1999). Liggett objected to this retroactive change and disputed the change in methodology.

In December 2012, the parties arbitrated the dispute. In February 2013, the arbitrators ruled that the independent auditor was precluded from recalculating Liggett’s grandfathered market share exemption. The panel further determined, in a subsequent order, that the independent auditor shall compute Liggett’s market share for all years after 2000 on a “net” basis, but adjust that computation to approximate “gross” market share by using actual returned product data for each year. In July 2015, the independent auditor issued calculations, purportedly based on the arbitrators' award, which indicated that Liggett owed approximately $16,000 for years 2001 - 2013. Liggett disputed those calculations. In June 2016, the independent auditor issued revised calculations indicating that Liggett owed approximately $8,100 for years 2001 - 2013. In September 2016, Liggett paid the $8,100 and reduced cost of sales by $370.

Other State Settlements. The MSA replaced Liggett’s prior settlements with all states and territories except for Florida, Mississippi, Texas and Minnesota. Each of these four states, prior to the effective date of the MSA, negotiated and executed settlement agreements with each of the other major tobacco companies, separate from those settlements reached previously with Liggett. Except as described below, Liggett’s agreements with these states remain in full force and effect. These states’ settlement agreements with Liggett contained most favored nation provisions which could reduce Liggett’s payment obligations based on subsequent settlements or resolutions by those states with certain other tobacco companies. Beginning in 1999, Liggett determined that, based on settlements or resolutions with United States Tobacco Company, Liggett’s payment obligations to those four states were eliminated. With respect to all non-economic obligations under the previous settlements, Liggett believes it is entitled to the most favorable provisions as between the MSA and each state’s respective settlement with the other major tobacco companies. Therefore, Liggett’s non-economic obligations to all states and territories are now defined by the MSA.

In 2003, as a result of a dispute with Minnesota regarding its settlement agreement, Liggett agreed to pay $100 a year in any year cigarettes manufactured by Liggett are sold in that state. Further, the Attorneys General for Florida, Mississippi and Texas advised Liggett that they believed Liggett had failed to make payments under the respective settlement agreements with those states. In 2010, Liggett settled with Florida and agreed to pay $1,200 and to make further annual payments of $250 for a period of 21 years, starting in March 2011, with the payments from year 12 forward being subject to an inflation adjustment.

In January 2016, the Attorney General for Mississippi filed a motion in state court in Jackson County, Mississippi (Chancery Division) to enforce the March 1996 settlement agreement alleging that Liggett owes Mississippi at least $27,000 in damages (including interest), and $20,000 in punitive damages and attorneys' fees. On April 21, 2017, the court ruled that the settlement agreement should be enforced and referred the matter to a Special Master for further proceedings to determine the amount of damages, if any, to be awarded. In May, 2017, Liggett filed both a Motion to Stay proceedings before the Special Master and a Petition for Interlocutory Appeal to the Mississippi Supreme Court. In July 2017, the trial court granted the Motion to Stay. A decision is pending on the Petition for Interlocutory Appeal.

Liggett may be required to make additional payments to Texas and Mississippi which could adversely affect the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

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Cautionary Statement

Management is not able to reasonably predict the outcome of the litigation pending or threatened against Liggett or the Company. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties. Liggett has been found liable in multiple Engle progeny cases and Individual Actions, several of which were affirmed on appeal and satisfied by Liggett. It is possible that other cases could be decided unfavorably against Liggett and that Liggett will be unsuccessful on appeal. Liggett may attempt to settle particular cases if it believes it is in its best interest to do so.

Management cannot predict the cash requirements related to any future defense costs, settlements or judgments, including cash required to bond any appeals, and there is a risk that those requirements will not be able to be met. An unfavorable outcome of a pending smoking-related case could encourage the commencement of additional litigation. Except as discussed in this Note 7, management is unable to estimate the loss or range of loss that could result from an unfavorable outcome of the cases pending against Liggett or the costs of defending such cases and as a result has not provided any amounts in its consolidated financial statements for unfavorable outcomes.

The tobacco industry is subject to a wide range of laws and regulations regarding the marketing, sale, taxation and use of tobacco products imposed by local, state and federal governments. There have been a number of restrictive regulatory actions, adverse legislative and political decisions and other unfavorable developments concerning cigarette smoking and the tobacco industry. These developments may negatively affect the perception of potential triers of fact with respect to the tobacco industry, possibly to the detriment of certain pending litigation, and may prompt the commencement of additional litigation or legislation.

It is possible that the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected by an unfavorable outcome in any of the smoking-related litigation.

The activity in the Company’s accruals for the MSA and tobacco litigation for the six months ended June 30, 2017 were as follows:



	Current Liabilities									Non-Current Liabilities
	Payments due under Master Settlement Agreement			Litigation Accruals			Total			Payments due under Master Settlement Agreement			Litigation Accruals			Total

Balance as of January 1, 2017	$	16,192		$	3,659		$	19,851		$	22,257		$	27,513		$	49,770
Expenses	68,099			1,712			69,811			—			—			—
NPM Settlement adjustment	33			—			33			(928		)	—			(928		)
Change in MSA obligations capitalized as inventory	324			—			324			—			—			—
Payments	(14,296		)	(5,368		)	(19,664		)	—			—			—
Reclassification to/(from) non-current liabilities	(2,313		)	5,217			2,904			2,313			(5,217		)	(2,904		)
Interest on withholding	—			151			151			—			1,278			1,278
Balance as of June 30, 2017	$	68,039		$	5,371		$	73,410		$	23,642		$	23,574		$	47,216

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The activity in the Company's accruals for the MSA and tobacco litigation for the six months ended June 30, 2016 were as follows:



	Current Liabilities									Non-Current Liabilities
	Payments due under Master Settlement Agreement			Litigation Accruals			Total			Payments due under Master Settlement Agreement		Litigation Accruals			Total

Balance as of January 1, 2016	$	29,241		$	22,904		$	52,145		$	20,094	$	24,718		$	44,812
Expenses	42,637			2,583			45,220			—		—			—
Change in MSA obligations capitalized as inventory	69			—			69			—		—			—
Payments	(12,847		)	(25,545		)	(38,392		)	—		—			—
Reclassification to/(from) non-current liabilities	(2,163		)	3,252			1,089			2,163		(3,252		)	(1,089		)
Interest on withholding	35			320			355			—		1,153			1,153
Balance as of June 30, 2016	$	56,972		$	3,514		$	60,486		$	22,257	$	22,619		$	44,876

Other Matters:

Liggett’s and Vector Tobacco’s management are unaware of any material environmental conditions affecting their existing facilities. Liggett’s and Vector Tobacco’s management believe that current operations are conducted in material compliance with all environmental laws and regulations and other laws and regulations governing cigarette manufacturers. Compliance with federal, state and local provisions regulating the discharge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment, has not had a material affect on the capital expenditures, results of operations or competitive position of Liggett or Vector Tobacco.

Liggett Vector Brands entered into an agreement with a subsidiary of the Convenience Distribution Association to support a program to permit certain tobacco distributors to secure, on reasonable terms, tax stamp bonds required by state and local governments for the distribution of cigarettes. Under the agreement, Liggett Vector Brands has agreed to pay a portion of losses incurred by the surety under the bond program, with a maximum loss exposure of $500. The Company believes the fair value of Liggett Vector Brands’ obligation under the agreement was immaterial at June 30, 2017.

In addition to the foregoing, Douglas Elliman Realty, LLC and its subsidiaries are subject to numerous proceedings, lawsuits and claims in connection with their ordinary business activities. Many of these matters are covered by insurance or, in some cases, the company is indemnified by third parties.

Management is of the opinion that the liabilities, if any, resulting from these other matters pending against the Company and/or its consolidated subsidiaries, should not have a material adverse affect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited


8.	EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The following table summarizes key information related to the Company's pension plans and other postretirement benefits:



	Pension Benefits						Pension Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits
	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended						Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,						June 30,						June 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016			2017			2016
Service cost — benefits earned during the period	$	141		$	137		$	282		$	274		$	1		$	1		$	3		$	2
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	1,266			1,355			2,530			2,710			92			97			184			194
Expected return on assets	(1,356		)	(1,519		)	(2,712		)	(3,038		)	—			—			—			—
Amortization of net loss (gain)	502			464			1,004			928			(13		)	(19		)	(27		)	(38		)
Net expense	$	553		$	437		$	1,104		$	874		$	80		$	79		$	160		$	158


9.	INCOME TAXES

The Company's income tax expense in interim periods is based on an estimated annual effective income tax rate derived, in part, from estimated annual pre-tax results from ordinary operations. The annual effective income tax rate is reviewed and, if necessary, adjusted on a quarterly basis. As a result of adopting ASU 2016-09, all excess tax benefits and deficiencies in the current and future periods will be recognized as income tax expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations in the reporting period in which they occur. This may result in increased volatility in the Company’s effective tax rate.

The Company's income tax expense consisted of the following:



	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	June 30,					June 30,
	2017			2016		2017			2016
Income before provision for income taxes	$	50,373		$	46,340	$	43,366		$	82,096
Income tax expense using estimated annual effective income tax rate	19,152			18,793		16,457			33,317
Changes in effective tax rates	(56		)	210		—			—
Impact of discrete items, net	(269		)	—		(412		)	49
Income tax expense	$	18,827		$	19,003	$	16,045		$	33,366

The discrete items for the six months ended June 30, 2017 are primarily related to an income tax deduction resulting from the adoption of ASU 2016-09 and the results of a recent state income tax audit. The discrete item for the six months ended June 30, 2016 is primarily related to the results of a recent state income tax audit.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited


10.	INVESTMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company's recurring financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements were as follows:



	Fair Value Measurements as of June 30, 2017
Description	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Gains (Losses)
Assets:
Money market funds ⁽¹⁾	$	247,739	$	247,739	$	—	$	—

Commercial paper ⁽¹⁾	50,470		—		50,470		—

Certificates of deposit ⁽²⁾	2,749		—		2,749		—

Bonds ⁽²⁾	4,240		4,240		—		—

Investment securities available for sale
Equity securities	47,797		47,797		—		—
Mutual funds invested in fixed income securities	20,875		20,875		—		—
Fixed income securities
U.S. government securities	28,527		—		28,527		—
Corporate securities	40,128		—		40,128		—
U.S. government and federal agency	5,648		—		5,648		—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	440		—		440		—
Index-linked U.S. bonds	2,307		—		2,307		—
Foreign fixed-income securities	501		—		501		—
Total fixed income securities	77,551		—		77,551		—

Total investment securities available for sale	146,223		68,672		77,551		—

Total	$	451,421	$	320,651	$	130,770	$	—

Liabilities:
Fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt	$	95,627	$	—	$	—	$	95,627


Nonrecurring fair value measurements
Long-term investments ⁽³⁾	$	4,475					$	4,475	$	(525	)
	$	4,475					$	4,475	$	(525	)


(1)	Amounts included in cash and cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.


(2)	Amounts included in current restricted assets and restricted assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.


(3)	Long-term investments with a carrying amount of $5,000 were written down to their fair value of $4,475, resulting in an impairment charge of $525, which was included in earnings.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited



	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2016
Description	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Gains (Losses)
Assets:
Money market funds ⁽¹⁾	$	248,552	$	248,552	$	—	$	—

Commercial paper ⁽¹⁾	41,247		—		41,247		—

Certificates of deposit ⁽²⁾	2,982		—		2,982		—

Bonds ⁽²⁾	4,240		4,240		—		—

Investment securities available for sale
Equity securities	50,843		50,843		—		—
Mutual funds invested in fixed income securities	20,582		20,582		—		—
Fixed income securities
U.S. government securities	30,642		—		30,642		—
Corporate securities	36,687		—		36,687		—
U.S. government and federal agency	6,500		—		6,500		—
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,398		—		1,398		—
Commercial paper	8,980		—		8,980		—
Index-linked U.S. bonds	770		—		770		—
Foreign fixed income securities	501		—		501		—
Total fixed income securities	85,478		—		85,478		—

Total investment securities available for sale	156,903		71,425		85,478		—

Total	$	453,924	$	324,217	$	129,707	$	—

Liabilities:
Fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt	$	112,332	$	—	$	—	$	112,332


Nonrecurring fair value measurements
Long-term investments ⁽³⁾	$	6,396					$	6,396	$	(1,203	)
	$	6,396					$	6,396	$	(1,203	)


(1)	Amounts included in cash and cash equivalents on the condensed consolidated balance sheet


(2)	Amounts included in current restricted assets and restricted assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.


(3)	Long-term investments with a carrying amount of $7,599 were written down to their fair value of $6,396, resulting in an impairment charge of $1,203, which was included in earnings.

The fair value of the Level 2 certificates of deposit is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is the rate offered by the financial institution. The fair value of investment securities available for sale included in Level 1 are based on quoted market prices from various stock exchanges. The Level 2 investment securities available for sale are based on

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

quoted market prices of securities that are thinly traded, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active or inputs other than quoted prices such as interest rates and yield curves.

The fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt was derived using a valuation model. These derivatives have been classified as Level 3. The valuation model assumes future dividend payments by the Company and utilizes interest rates and credit spreads based upon the implied credit spread of the 5.5% Convertible Notes due 2020 to determine the fair value of the derivatives embedded within the convertible debt. The changes in fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt are presented on the consolidated statements of operations.

The value of the embedded derivatives is contingent on changes in implied interest rates of the convertible debt, the Company's stock price, stock volatility as well as projections of future cash and stock dividends over the term of the debt. The interest rate component of the value of the embedded derivative is computed by calculating an equivalent non-convertible, unsecured and subordinated borrowing cost. This rate is determined by calculating the implied rate on the Company's 2020 Convertible Notes when removing the embedded option value within the convertible security. This rate is based upon market observable inputs and influenced by the Company's stock price, convertible bond trading price, risk-free interest rates and stock volatility.

The unobservable inputs related to the valuations of the Level 3 assets and liabilities were as follows at June 30, 2017:



	Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
	Fair Value at
	June 30, 2017		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range (Actual)

Fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt	$	95,627	Discounted cash flow	Assumed annual stock dividend	5		%
				Assumed annual cash dividend	$	1.60
				Stock price	$	21.32
				Convertible trading price (as a percentage of par value)	115.25		%
				Volatility	18.72		%
				Risk-free rate	Term structure of US Treasury Securities
				Implied credit spread	3.0% - 4.0% (3.5%)

The unobservable inputs related to the valuations of the Level 3 assets and liabilities were as follows at December 31, 2016:



	Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
	Fair Value at
	December 31, 2016		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range (Actual)

Fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt	$	112,332	Discounted cash flow	Assumed annual stock dividend	5		%
				Assumed annual cash dividend	$	1.60
				Stock price	$	22.74
				Convertible trading price (as a percentage of par value)	114.69		%
				Volatility	19.47		%
				Risk-free rate	Term structure of US Treasury Securities
				Implied credit spread	4.5% - 5.5% (5.0%)

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited


11.	SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company's business segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were Tobacco, E-Cigarettes and Real Estate. The Tobacco segment consists of the manufacture and sale of conventional cigarettes. The E-Cigarettes segment includes the operations of the Company's e-cigarette business. The Real Estate segment includes the Company’s investment in New Valley LLC, which includes Douglas Elliman, Escena, Sagaponack and investments in real estate ventures. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.

Financial information for the Company’s operations before taxes and non-controlling interests for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:



							Real		Corporate
	Tobacco			E-Cigarettes			Estate		and Other			Total
Three months ended June 30, 2017
Revenues	$	272,177		$	—		$	199,812	$	—		$	471,989
Operating income (loss)	64,407		(1)	(1		)	16,586		(7,182		)	73,810
Equity in earnings from real estate ventures	—			—			15,291		—			15,291
Depreciation and amortization	2,333			—			1,913		367			4,613

Three months ended June 30, 2016
Revenues	$	255,498		$	10		$	182,765	$	—		$	438,273
Operating income (loss)	66,016			(91		)	11,706		(6,911		)	70,720
Equity in earnings from real estate ventures	—			—			2,813		—			2,813
Depreciation and amortization	2,499			—			2,943		428			5,870

Six months ended June 30, 2017
Revenues	$	529,631		$	—		$	357,566	$	—		$	887,197
Operating income (loss)	124,177		(2)	(78		)	17,206		(14,564		)	126,741
Equity in earnings from real estate ventures	—			—			26,404		—			26,404
Depreciation and amortization	4,753			—			4,135		754			9,642
Capital expenditures	2,049			—			6,291		6			8,346

Six months ended June 30, 2016
Revenues	$	476,513		$	48		$	342,512	$	—		$	819,073
Operating income (loss)	127,499		(3)	(284		)	19,380		(13,716		)	132,879
Equity in earnings from real estate ventures	—			—			2,306		—			2,306
Depreciation and amortization	4,939			—			5,225		870			11,034
Capital expenditures	3,716			—			3,873		26			7,615


⁽¹⁾	Operating income includes $102 of litigation judgment expense.


⁽²⁾	Operating income includes $895 of income from MSA Settlement, and $1,687 of litigation judgment expense.


⁽³⁾	Operating income includes $2,350 of litigation judgment expense and $41 of restructuring expense.

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

12. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The following condensed consolidating financial information has been prepared and presented pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-X, Rule 3-10, “Financial Statements of Guarantors and Affiliates Whose Securities Collateralize an Issue Registered or Being Registered.” Each of the subsidiary guarantors is 100% owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company, and all guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several. The Company’s investments in its consolidated subsidiaries are presented under the equity method of accounting.

The Company and the guarantors have filed a shelf registration statement for the offering of debt securities on a delayed or continuous basis and the Company is filing this condensed consolidating financial information in connection therewith. Any such debt securities may be issued by the Company and guaranteed by the guarantors, but any such debt securities would not guaranteed by any of the Company’s subsidiaries engaged in the real estate businesses conducted through its subsidiary New Valley.

Presented herein are Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the related Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, and the related Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 of Vector Group Ltd. (Parent/Issuer), the guarantor subsidiaries (Subsidiary Guarantors) and the subsidiaries that are not guarantors (Subsidiary Non-Guarantors).

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS



				June 30, 2017
						Subsidiary					Consolidated
	Parent/			Subsidiary		Non-		Consolidating			Vector Group
	Issuer			Guarantors		Guarantors		Adjustments			Ltd.
ASSETS:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	248,165		$	49,500	$	112,744	$	—		$	410,409
Investment securities available for sale	113,653			32,570		—		—			146,223
Accounts receivable - trade, net	—			17,502		7,977		—			25,479
Intercompany receivables	19,897			—		—		(19,897		)	—
Inventories	—			87,979		—		—			87,979
Income taxes receivable, net	14,534			—		—		(6,356		)	8,178
Restricted assets	—			4,645		4,152		—			8,797
Other current assets	471			3,779		25,208		—			29,458
Total current assets	396,720			195,975		150,081		(26,253		)	716,523
Property, plant and equipment, net	787			45,251		34,956		—			80,994
Investments in real estate, net	—			—		23,675		—			23,675
Long-term investments	74,812			359		—		—			75,171
Investments in real estate ventures	—			—		201,356		—			201,356
Investments in consolidated subsidiaries	493,411			—		—		(493,411		)	—
Restricted assets	1,495			2,259		—		—			3,754
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net	—			107,511		153,678		—			261,189
Prepaid pension costs	—			22,882		—		—			22,882
Other assets	7,946			12,313		14,483		—			34,742
Total assets	$	975,171		$	386,550	$	578,229	$	(519,664	)	$	1,420,286
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIENCY:
Current liabilities:
Current portion of notes payable and long-term debt	$	—		$	20,760	$	181	$	—		$	20,941
Current portion of employee benefits	—			937		—		—			937
Intercompany payables	—			567		19,330		(19,897		)	—
Income taxes payable, net	—			5,250		1,106		(6,356		)	—
Litigation accruals and current payments due under the Master Settlement Agreement	—			73,410		—		—			73,410
Other current liabilities	44,896			57,230		43,699		—			145,825
Total current liabilities	44,896			158,154		64,316		(26,253		)	241,113
Notes payable, long-term debt and other obligations, less current portion	1,154,170			4,389		318		—			1,158,877
Fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt	95,627			—		—		—			95,627
Non-current employee benefits	43,693			15,691		—		—			59,384
Deferred income taxes, net	3,526			37,501		44,149		—			85,176
Other liabilities, primarily litigation accruals and payments due under the Master Settlement Agreement	1,112			47,260		16,258		—			64,630
Total liabilities	1,343,024			262,995		125,041		(26,253		)	1,704,807
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' (deficiency) equity attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	(367,853		)	123,555		369,856		(493,411		)	(367,853		)
Non-controlling interest	—			—		83,332		—			83,332
Total stockholders' (deficiency) equity	(367,853		)	123,555		453,188		(493,411		)	(284,521		)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficiency	$	975,171		$	386,550	$	578,229	$	(519,664	)	$	1,420,286

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEETS



				December 31, 2016
						Subsidiary					Consolidated
	Parent/			Subsidiary		Non-		Consolidating			Vector Group
	Issuer			Guarantors		Guarantors		Adjustments			Ltd.
ASSETS:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	279,815		$	14,798	$	98,917	$	—		$	393,530
Investment securities available for sale	121,016			35,887		—		—			156,903
Accounts receivable - trade, net	—			11,775		7,026		—			18,801
Intercompany receivables	22,789			—		—		(22,789		)	—
Inventories	—			89,834		—		—			89,834
Income taxes receivable, net	18,387			—		—		(2,277		)	16,110
Restricted assets	—			6,416		914		—			7,330
Other current assets	517			4,428		18,010		—			22,955
Total current assets	442,524			163,138		124,867		(25,066		)	705,463
Property, plant and equipment, net	1,134			48,314		31,000		—			80,448
Investments in real estate, net	—			—		23,640		—			23,640
Long-term investments	52,308			388		501		—			53,197
Investments in real estate ventures	—			—		221,258		—			221,258
Investments in consolidated subsidiaries	501,659			—		—		(501,659		)	—
Restricted assets	1,728			2,258		—		—			3,986
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net	—			107,511		154,407		—			261,918
Prepaid pension costs	—			22,273		—		—			22,273
Other assets	7,534			12,118		12,200		—			31,852
Total assets	$	1,006,887		$	356,000	$	567,873	$	(526,725	)	$	1,404,035
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIENCY:
Current liabilities:
Current portion of notes payable and long-term debt	$	—		$	39,333	$	175	$	—		$	39,508
Current portion of employee benefits	—			937		—		—			937
Intercompany payables	—			24		22,765		(22,789		)	—
Income taxes payable, net	—			1,089		1,188		(2,277		)	—
Litigation accruals and current payments due under the Master Settlement Agreement	—			19,851		—		—			19,851
Other current liabilities	47,968			49,492		38,392		—			135,852
Total current liabilities	47,968			110,726		62,520		(25,066		)	196,148
Notes payable, long-term debt and other obligations, less current portion	1,127,180			5,372		391		—			1,132,943
Fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt	112,332			—		—		—			112,332
Non-current employee benefits	42,818			16,140		—		—			58,958
Deferred income taxes, net	7,420			40,136		45,529		—			93,085
Other liabilities, primarily litigation accruals and payments due under the Master Settlement Agreement	1,169			49,861		12,811		—			63,841
Total liabilities	1,338,887			222,235		121,251		(25,066		)	1,657,307
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' (deficiency) equity attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	(332,000		)	133,765		367,894		(501,659		)	(332,000		)
Non-controlling interest	—			—		78,728		—			78,728
Total stockholders' (deficiency) equity	(332,000		)	133,765		446,622		(501,659		)	(253,272		)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficiency	$	1,006,887		$	356,000	$	567,873	$	(526,725	)	$	1,404,035

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS



				Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
							Subsidiary						Consolidated
	Parent/			Subsidiary			Non-			Consolidating			Vector Group
	Issuer			Guarantors			Guarantors			Adjustments			Ltd.
Revenues	$	—		$	272,297		$	199,812		$	(120	)	$	471,989
Expenses:
Cost of sales	—			186,907			127,987			—			314,894
Operating, selling, administrative and general expenses	9,612			18,411			55,280			(120		)	83,183
Litigation settlement and judgment expense	—			102			—			—			102
Management fee expense	—			2,767			—			(2,767		)	—
Operating (loss) income	(9,612		)	64,110			16,545			2,767			73,810
Other income (expenses):
Interest expense	(45,883		)	(802		)	(6		)	—			(46,691		)
Change in fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt	8,134			—			—			—			8,134
Equity in earnings from real estate ventures	—			—			15,291			—			15,291
Equity in losses from investments	(1,442		)	(17		)	—			—			(1,459		)
Gain on sale of investment securities available for sale	37			—			—			—			37
Impairment of investment securities available for sale	(87		)	—			—			—			(87		)
Equity in earnings in consolidated subsidiaries	54,828			—			—			(54,828		)	—
Management fee income	2,767			—			—			(2,767		)	—
Other, net	675			361			302			—			1,338
Income before provision for income taxes	9,417			63,652			32,132			(54,828		)	50,373
Income tax benefit (expense)	17,394			(24,854		)	(11,367		)	—			(18,827		)
Net income	26,811			38,798			20,765			(54,828		)	31,546
Net income attributed to non-controlling interest	—			—			(4,735		)	—			(4,735		)
Net income attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	26,811		$	38,798		$	16,030		$	(54,828	)	$	26,811
Comprehensive income attributed to non-controlling interest	$	—		$	—		$	(4,735	)	$	—		$	(4,735	)
Comprehensive income attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	25,326		$	37,112		$	16,030		$	(53,142	)	$	25,326

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS



				Three Months Ended June 30, 2016
							Subsidiary						Consolidated
	Parent/			Subsidiary			Non-			Consolidating			Vector Group
	Issuer			Guarantors			Guarantors			Adjustments			Ltd.
Revenues	$	—		$	255,648		$	182,765		$	(140	)	$	438,273
Expenses:
Cost of sales	—			168,614			115,017			—			283,631
Operating, selling, administrative and general expenses	9,019			18,943			56,100			(140		)	83,922
Management fee expense	—			2,663			—			(2,663		)	—
Operating (loss) income	(9,019		)	65,428			11,648			2,663			70,720
Other income (expenses):
Interest expense	(35,522		)	(843		)	(4		)	—			(36,369		)
Change in fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt	7,416			—			—			—			7,416
Equity in earnings from real estate ventures	—			—			2,813			—			2,813
Equity in earnings (losses) from investments	1,097			(8		)	—			—			1,089
Gain on sale of investment securities available for sale	139			—			—			—			139
Impairment of investment securities available for sale	(49		)	—			—			—			(49		)
Equity in earnings in consolidated subsidiaries	46,441			—			—			(46,441		)	—
Management fee income	2,663			—			—			(2,663		)	—
Other, net	(93		)	244			430			—			581
Income before provision for income taxes	13,073			64,821			14,887			(46,441		)	46,340
Income tax benefit (expense)	10,942			(24,907		)	(5,038		)	—			(19,003		)
Net income	24,015			39,914			9,849			(46,441		)	27,337
Net income attributed to non-controlling interest	—			—			(3,322		)	—			(3,322		)
Net income attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	24,015		$	39,914		$	6,527		$	(46,441	)	$	24,015
Comprehensive income attributed to non-controlling interest	$	—		$	—		$	(3,322	)	$	—		$	(3,322	)
Comprehensive income attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	23,746		$	39,793		$	6,527		$	(46,320	)	$	23,746

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS



				Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
							Subsidiary						Consolidated
	Parent/			Subsidiary			Non-			Consolidating			Vector Group
	Issuer			Guarantors			Guarantors			Adjustments			Ltd.
Revenues	$	—		$	529,870		$	357,566		$	(239	)	$	887,197
Expenses:
Cost of sales	—			362,661			228,156			—			590,817
Operating, selling, administrative and general expenses	19,463			36,437			112,291			(239		)	167,952
Litigation settlement and judgment expense	—			1,687			—			—			1,687
Management fee expense	—			5,534			—			(5,534		)	—
Operating (loss) income	(19,463		)	123,551			17,119			5,534			126,741
Other income (expenses):
Interest expense	(91,230		)	(1,670		)	(12		)	—			(92,912		)
Change in fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt	16,705			—			—			—			16,705
Loss on extinguishment of debt	(34,110		)	—			—			—			(34,110		)
Equity in earnings from real estate ventures	—			—			26,404			—			26,404
Equity in losses from investments	(2,491		)	(29		)	—			—			(2,520		)
Gain on sale of investment securities available for sale	187			—			—			—			187
Impairment of investment securities available for sale	(126		)	—			—			—			(126		)
Equity in earnings in consolidated subsidiaries	98,279			—			—			(98,279		)	—
Management fee income	5,534			—			—			(5,534		)	—
Other, net	1,619			697			681			—			2,997
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes	(25,096		)	122,549			44,192			(98,279		)	43,366
Income tax benefit (expense)	47,680			(47,405		)	(16,320		)	—			(16,045		)
Net income	22,584			75,144			27,872			(98,279		)	27,321
Net income attributed to non-controlling interest	—			—			(4,737		)	—			(4,737		)
Net income attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	22,584		$	75,144		$	23,135		$	(98,279	)	$	22,584
Comprehensive income attributed to non-controlling interest	$	—		$	—		$	(4,737	)	$	—		$	(4,737	)
Comprehensive income attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	21,223		$	73,493		$	23,135		$	(96,628	)	$	21,223

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS



				Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
	Parent/			Subsidiary			Non-			Consolidating			Vector Group
	Issuer			Guarantors			Guarantors			Adjustments			Ltd.
Revenues	$	—		$	476,790		$	342,512		$	(229	)	$	819,073
Expenses:
Cost of sales	—			305,358			214,695			—			520,053
Operating, selling, administrative and general expenses	18,215			37,216			108,548			(229		)	163,750
Litigation settlement and judgment expense	—			2,350			—			—			2,350
Management fee expense	—			5,325			—			(5,325		)	—
Restructuring charges	—			41			—			—			41
Operating (loss) income	(18,215		)	126,500			19,269			5,325			132,879
Other income (expenses):
Interest expense	(65,280		)	(1,802		)	(7		)	—			(67,089		)
Change in fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt	17,110			—			—			—			17,110
Equity in earnings from real estate ventures	—			—			2,306			—			2,306
Gain on sale of investment securities available for sale	315			391			—			—			706
Impairment of investment securities available for sale	(90		)	(4,772		)	—			—			(4,862		)
Equity in losses from investments	(558		)	(24		)	—			—			(582		)
Equity in earnings in consolidated subsidiaries	82,051			—			—			(82,051		)	—
Management fee income	5,325			—			—			(5,325		)	—
Other, net	307			481			840			—			1,628
Income before provision for income taxes	20,965			120,774			22,408			(82,051		)	82,096
Income tax benefit (expense)	22,388			(48,293		)	(7,461		)	—			(33,366		)
Net income	43,353			72,481			14,947			(82,051		)	48,730
Net income attributed to non-controlling interest	—			—			(5,377		)	—			(5,377		)
Net income attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	43,353		$	72,481		$	9,570		$	(82,051	)	$	43,353
Comprehensive income attributed to non-controlling interest	$	—		$	—		$	(5,377	)	$	—		$	(5,377	)
Comprehensive income attributed to Vector Group Ltd.	$	43,127		$	72,503		$	9,570		$	(82,073	)	$	43,127

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS



				Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
							Subsidiary						Consolidated
	Parent/			Subsidiary			Non-			Consolidating			Vector Group
	Issuer			Guarantors			Guarantors			Adjustments			Ltd.
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	58,546		$	138,336		$	31,116		$	(110,387	)	$	117,611
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sale of investment securities	22,396			—			—			—			22,396
Maturities of investment securities	93,368			—			—			—			93,368
Purchase of investment securities	(109,891		)	—			—			—			(109,891		)
Proceeds from sale or liquidation of long-term investments	—			—			466			—			466
Purchase of long-term investments	(26,000		)	—			—			—			(26,000		)
Investments in real estate ventures	—			—			(8,454		)	—			(8,454		)
Distributions from investments in real estate ventures	—			—			23,338			—			23,338
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance policies	(447		)	(407		)	—			—			(854		)
Decrease (increase) in restricted assets	233			1,770			(3,238		)	—			(1,235		)
Issuance of notes receivable	—			—			(1,500		)	—			(1,500		)
Investments in subsidiaries	(5,749		)	—			—			5,749			—
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets	—			75			—			—			75
Capital expenditures	(6		)	(2,049		)	(6,291		)	—			(8,346		)
Pay downs of investment securities	1,620			—			—			—			1,620
Investments in real estate, net	—			—			(205		)	—			(205		)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(24,476		)	(611		)	4,116			5,749			(15,222		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt	850,000			—			20			—			850,020
Deferred financing costs	(19,200		)	—			—			—			(19,200		)
Repayments of debt	(835,000		)	(1,058		)	(87		)	—			(836,145		)
Borrowings under revolver	—			110,979			—			—			110,979
Repayments on revolver	—			(129,479		)	—			—			(129,479		)
Capital contributions received	—			300			5,449			(5,749		)	—
Intercompany dividends paid	—			(83,765		)	(26,622		)	110,387			—
Dividends and distributions on common stock	(104,750		)	—			—			—			(104,750		)
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—			—			(165		)	—			(165		)
Proceeds from issuance of Vector common stock	43,230			—			—			—			43,230
Net cash used in financing activities	(65,720		)	(103,023		)	(21,405		)	104,638			(85,510		)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(31,650		)	34,702			13,827			—			16,879
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	279,815			14,798			98,917			—			393,530
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	248,165		$	49,500		$	112,744		$	—		$	410,409

VECTOR GROUP LTD.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Unaudited

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS



				Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
							Subsidiary						Consolidated
	Parent/			Subsidiary			Non-			Consolidating			Vector Group
	Issuer			Guarantors			Guarantors			Adjustments			Ltd.
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	73,915		$	75,513		$	28,437		$	(99,040	)	$	78,825
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sale of investment securities	62,312			4,721			—			—			67,033
Maturities of investment securities	343			—			—			—			343
Purchase of investment securities	(56,691		)	—			—			—			(56,691		)
Proceeds from sale or liquidation of long-term investments	1,000			—			—			—			1,000
Purchase of long-term investments	—			—			(50		)	—			(50		)
Investments in real estate ventures	—			—			(11,806		)	—			(11,806		)
Investments in real estate, net	—			—			(81		)	—			(81		)
Distributions from investments in real estate ventures	—			—			17,983			—			17,983
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance policies	—			(393		)	—			—			(393		)
(Increase) decrease in restricted assets	(7		)	2,181			500			—			2,674
Pay downs of investment securities	4,926			—			—			—			4,926
Proceeds from sale of fixed assets	—			4			1			—			5
Investments in subsidiaries	(987		)	—			—			987			—
Capital expenditures	(26		)	(3,716		)	(3,873		)	—			(7,615		)
Net cash provided by investing activities	10,870			2,797			2,674			987			17,328
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt	243,225			—			57			—			243,282
Deferred financing costs	(6,600		)	—			—			—			(6,600		)
Repayments of debt	—			(2,863		)	(54		)	—			(2,917		)
Borrowings under revolver	—			89,695			—			—			89,695
Repayments on revolver	—			(80,223		)	—			—			(80,223		)
Capital contributions received	—			600			387			(987		)	—
Intercompany dividends paid	—			(65,648		)	(33,392		)	99,040			—
Dividends and distributions on common stock	(97,846		)	—			—			—			(97,846		)
Contributions from non-controlling interest	—			—			248			—			248
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—			—			(7,422		)	—			(7,422		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	138,779			(58,439		)	(40,176		)	98,053			138,217
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	223,564			19,871			(9,065		)	—			234,370
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	111,470			12,375			116,523			—			240,368
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	335,034		$	32,246		$	107,458		$	—		$	474,738

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(Dollars in Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is designed to provide a reader of Vector Group Ltd.’s financial statements with a narrative from our management's perspective. Our MD&A is divided into the following sections:

•Overview and Recent Developments

•Results of Operations

•Summary of Real Estate Investments

•Liquidity and Capital Resources

Please read this discussion along with our MD&A and audited financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 and Notes thereto, included in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements and related Notes as of and for the quarterly period and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

Overview

We are a holding company and are engaged principally in:


•	the manufacture and sale of cigarettes in the United States through our Liggett Group LLC ("Liggett") and Vector Tobacco Inc. ("Vector Tobacco") subsidiaries, and


•	the real estate business through our New Valley LLC ("New Valley") subsidiary, which is seeking to acquire or invest in additional real estate properties or projects. New Valley owns 70.59% of Douglas Elliman Realty, LLC ("Douglas Elliman"), which operates the largest residential brokerage company in the New York metropolitan area.

Zoom E-cigs LLC (“Zoom”) entered the United States e-cigarette market in limited retail distribution outlets in 2013. Zoom’s operations are included in our “E-Cigarettes” reporting segment. We have seen significant changes in the e-cigarette market since entering the market with apparent declines in the sales of disposable and rechargeable e-cigarettes while open-system vapor products that feature refillable tanks and use low-cost flavored liquids have demonstrated mixed results. Additionally, we believe uncertainties exist related to the impact of recent regulation of e-cigarettes, the emergence of new technologies and ongoing consumer category acceptance. Given this backdrop, our primary focus on e-cigarettes is to stay prepared to pursue opportunities if they occur.

Recent Developments

Issuance of Senior Secured Notes due 2025. In January 2017, we issued $850,000 of our 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 in a private offering to qualified institutional investors in accordance with Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933.

The 6.125% Senior Secured Notes pay interest on a semi-annual basis at a rate of 6.125% per year and mature on February 1, 2025. Prior to February 1, 2020, we may redeem some or all of the 6.125% Senior Secured Notes at any time at a make-whole redemption price and, thereafter, we may redeem some or all of the 6.125% Senior Secured Notes at a premium that will decline over time, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date.

The 6.125% Senior Secured Notes are guaranteed subject to certain customary automatic release provisions on a joint and several basis by all of our wholly owned domestic subsidiaries that are engaged in the conduct of the our cigarette businesses. (See Note 12.) In addition, some of the guarantees are collateralized by first priority or second priority security interests in certain assets of some of the subsidiary guarantors, including their common stock, pursuant to security and pledge agreements.

The aggregate net proceeds from the issuance of the 6.125% senior secured notes were approximately $831,100 after deducting offering expenses. We used the net proceeds of the issuance, together with the proceeds from the sale of 2,000,000 common shares, to redeem all of our outstanding 7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 and to satisfy and discharge the indenture governing the existing notes.

Issuance of 2,000,000 common shares. On January 27, 2017, we sold 2,000,000 shares of our common stock at a public offering price for net proceeds of approximately $43,200.

Redemption of Senior Secured Notes due 2021. On February 26, 2017, we retired $835,000 of our 7.75% Senior Secured Notes at a premium of 103.875%, plus accrued and unpaid interest. We incurred a loss on the extinguishment of the debt of $34,110 for the six months ended June 30, 2017, which is comprised of $32,356 of redemption premium and tender offer costs as well as net non-cash charges of $1,754.

Other State Settlements. On January 12, 2016, the Attorney General for Mississippi filed a motion in state court in Jackson County, Mississippi (Chancery Division) to enforce the March 1996 settlement agreement alleging that Liggett owes Mississippi at least $27,000 in damages (including interest), and $20,000 in punitive damages and attorneys' fees. On April 21, 2017, the court ruled that the settlement agreement should be enforced and referred the matter to a Special Master for further proceedings to determine the amount of damages, if any, to be awarded. In May, 2017, Liggett filed both a Motion to Stay proceedings before the Special Master and a Petition for Interlocutory Appeal to the Mississippi Supreme Court. In July 2017, the trial court granted the Motion to Stay. A decision is pending on the Petition for Interlocutory Appeal. Liggett may be required to make additional payments to Mississippi which could adversely affect our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Recent Developments in Smoking-Related Litigation

There are no material changes from the Recent Developments in Smoking-Related Litigation set forth in Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Critical Accounting Policies

There are no material changes from the critical accounting policies set forth in Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2016. Please refer to that section and the information below for disclosures regarding the critical accounting policies related to our business.

Results of Operations

The following discussion provides an assessment of our results of operations, capital resources and liquidity and should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Liggett, Vector Tobacco, Liggett Vector Brands, New Valley, Zoom and other less significant subsidiaries.

For purposes of this discussion and other consolidated financial reporting, our business segments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were Tobacco, E-Cigarettes and Real Estate. The Tobacco segment consists of the manufacture and sale of cigarettes. The E-Cigarettes segment includes the operations of Zoom. The Real Estate segment includes our investment in New Valley, which includes Douglas Elliman, Escena, Sagaponack and investments in real estate ventures.



	Three Months Ended							Six Months Ended
	June 30,							June 30,
	2017				2016			2017				2016
Revenues:
Tobacco	$	272,177			$	255,498		$	529,631			$	476,513
E-Cigarettes	—				10			—				48
Real Estate	199,812				182,765			357,566				342,512
Total revenues	$	471,989			$	438,273		$	887,197			$	819,073
Operating income (loss):
Tobacco	$	64,407		⁽¹⁾	$	66,016		$	124,177		⁽²⁾	$	127,499		⁽³⁾
E-Cigarettes	(1		)		(91		)	(78		)		(284		)
Real Estate	16,586				11,706			17,206				19,380
Corporate and Other	(7,182		)		(6,911		)	(14,564		)		(13,716		)
Total operating income	$	73,810			$	70,720		$	126,741			$	132,879

____________________


⁽¹⁾	Operating income includes $102 of litigation judgment expense.


⁽²⁾	Operating income includes $895 of income from MSA Settlements and $1,687 of litigation judgment expense.


⁽³⁾	Operating income includes $2,350 of litigation judgment expense and $41 of restructuring expense.

Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2016

Revenues. Total revenues were $471,989 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $438,273 for the three months ended June 30, 2016. The $33,716 (7.7%) increase in revenues was due to a $16,679 increase in Tobacco revenues and a $17,047 increase in Real Estate revenues primarily related to Douglas Elliman's brokerage revenues.

Cost of sales. Total cost of sales were $314,894 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $283,631 for the three months ended June 30, 2016. The $31,263 (11.0%) increase in cost of sales was due to an $18,300 increase in Tobacco cost of sales due to increased sales volume and a $12,970 increase in Real Estate cost of sales primarily related to an increase of real estate commission expense at Douglas Elliman.

Expenses. Operating, selling, general and administrative expenses were $83,183 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $83,922 for the same period last year. The $739 (0.9%) decline in operating, selling and administrative expenses was due to an $803 decline in Real Estate operating, selling, general and administrative expenses primarily at Douglas Elliman and a $93 decline in E-Cigarettes operating, selling, general and administrative expenses. This was offset by a $271 increase in Corporate and Other expense.

Operating income. Operating income was $73,810 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $70,720 for the same period last year. Real Estate operating income increased by $4,880 and E-Cigarettes operating losses declined by $90. This was offset by a decline in Tobacco operating income of $1,609 and an increase of $271 in Corporate and Other expenses.

Other income (expenses). Other expenses were $23,437 and $24,380 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, other expenses primarily consisted of interest expense of $46,691, equity in losses from investments of $1,459 and impairment of investment securities available for sale of $87. This was offset by income of $8,134 from changes in fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt, other income of $1,338, equity in earnings from real estate ventures of $15,291, and gain on sale of investment securities available for sale of $37. For the three months ended June 30, 2016, other expenses primarily consisted of interest expense of $36,369 and impairment of investment securities available for sale of $49. This was offset by income of $7,416 from changes in fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt, equity in earnings from real estate ventures of $2,813, equity in earnings from investments of $1,089, gain on sale of investment securities available for sale of $139 and other income of $581.

Income before provision for income taxes. Income before income taxes was $50,373 and $46,340 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense was $18,827 and $19,003 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our provision for income taxes in interim periods is based on an estimated annual effective income tax rate derived, in part, from estimated annual income before provision for income taxes in accordance with guidance on accounting for income taxes on interim periods. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, our income tax expense decreased by $176 due primarily to an income tax deduction resulting from the adoption of ASU 2016-09, the results of a recent state income tax audit, and changes in the estimated annual effective income tax rate.

Tobacco.

Tobacco revenues. Liggett increased the list price of PYRAMID, LIGGETT SELECT, EVE and GRAND PRIX by $0.80 per carton in November 2016 and March 2017 and $0.70 per carton in May 2016. Liggett increased the list price of EAGLE 20's by $1.00 per carton in December 2016.

All of our Tobacco sales were in the discount category in 2017 and 2016. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, Tobacco revenues were $272,177 compared to $255,498 for the three months ended June 30, 2016. Revenues increased by $16,679 (6.5%) due to a 7.4% increase in unit sales volume of $18,808 (approximately 156.9 million units) offset by an unfavorable net pricing variance of $2,129.

Tobacco cost of sales. The major components of our Tobacco cost of sales were as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	June 30,
	2017		2016

Manufacturing overhead, raw materials and labor	$	30,504	$	29,558
Federal Excise Taxes, net	115,194		106,861
FDA expense	5,039		4,386
MSA expense, net of market share exemption	36,170		27,802
Total cost of sales	$	186,907	$	168,607

Tobacco gross profit was $85,270 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $86,891 for the three months ended June 30, 2016. The $1,621 (1.9%) decline was due primarily to the unfavorable net pricing variance discussed above and higher MSA unit costs. As a percentage of revenues (excluding Federal Excise Taxes), Tobacco gross profit was 54.3% in the 2017 period and 58.5% in the 2016 period.

Tobacco expenses. Tobacco operating, selling, general and administrative expenses were $20,761 and $20,875 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Total tobacco product liability legal expenses, including settlements and judgments, were $1,683 and $1,707 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Tobacco operating income. Tobacco operating income was $64,407 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $66,016 for the same period last year. The Tobacco operating income decline of $1,609 (2.4%) was primarily due to decreased gross profit margins discussed above.

E-Cigarettes.

E-Cigarettes revenues. There were no E-Cigarettes revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $10 for three months ended June 30, 2016.

E-Cigarettes cost of sales. There were no E-Cigarettes cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $7 for the three months ended June 30, 2016.

E-Cigarettes expenses. E-Cigarettes operating, selling, general and administrative expenses were $1 and $94 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Operating loss from E-Cigarettes were $1 and $91 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Real Estate.

Real Estate revenues. Real Estate revenues were $199,812 and $182,765 for the three months ended ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Real Estate revenues increased by $17,047 (9.3%), primarily related to an increase of $15,108 in Douglas Elliman's Commission and other brokerage income. The increase in commission and other brokerage income was related to increased commission and other brokerage income in Douglas Elliman's existing home sales and was offset by lower revenues generated by Douglas Elliman's development marketing division. In addition, Douglas Elliman's property management revenues increased by $1,227 for the three months ended ended June 30, 2017.

Real Estate revenues and cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	June 30,
	2017		2016
Real Estate Revenues:
Commission and other brokerage income	$	188,476	$	173,368
Property management income	8,573		7,346
Title fees	1,661		1,016
Sales on facilities primarily from Escena	1,102		1,035
Total real estate revenues	$	199,812	$	182,765

Real Estate Cost of Sales:
Commission and other brokerage income	$	126,755	$	113,953
Cost of sales on facilities primarily from Escena	938		893
Title fees	294		171
Total real estate cost of sales	$	127,987	$	115,017

^{___________________________________}

Brokerage cost of sales. Douglas Elliman commission cost of sales increased by $12,802 due to increased sales volume.

Real Estate expenses. Real Estate operating, selling, general and administrative expenses were $55,239 and $56,042 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decline of $803 was primarily due to lower real estate brokerage expenses at Douglas Elliman offset by increased expenses at property management.

Real Estate operating income. The Real Estate segment had operating income of $16,586 and $11,706 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in operating income of $4,880 was primarily related to increased operating income at Douglas Elliman.

Corporate and Other.

Corporate and other operating loss. The operating loss at the corporate segment was $7,182 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $6,911 for the same period in 2016. The increase of $271 was primarily due to increased stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2017.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2016

Revenues. Total revenues were $887,197 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $819,073 for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The $68,124 (8.3%) increase in revenues was primarily due to a $53,118 increase in Tobacco revenues and a $15,054 increase in Real Estate revenues, which was primarily related to an increase in Douglas Elliman's revenues.

Cost of sales. Total cost of sales were $590,817 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $520,053 for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The $70,764 (13.6%) increase in cost of sales was due to a $57,316 increase in Tobacco cost of sales primarily related to increased sales volume and a $13,461 increase in Real Estate cost of sales, which was primarily related to Douglas Elliman.

Expenses. Operating, selling, general and administrative expenses were $167,952 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $163,750 for the same period last year. The $4,202 (2.6%) increase was due to a $3,767 increase in Real Estate operating, selling, general and administrative expenses primarily at Douglas Elliman and a $848 increase in Corporate and Other expense. This was offset by a $241 decline in E-Cigarettes operating, selling, general and administrative expenses of and a $172 decline in Tobacco operating, selling, general and administrative expenses.

Operating income. Operating income was $126,741 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $132,879 for the same period last year, a decline of $6,138 (4.6%). Tobacco operating income declined by $3,322. Real Estate operating income declined by $2,174 primarily related to Douglas Elliman. Corporate and Other expenses increased by $848. This was offset by a decline of E-Cigarettes operating losses of $206.

Other income (expenses). Other expenses were $83,375 and $50,783 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, other expenses primarily consisted of interest expense of $92,912, loss on extinguishment of debt of $34,110, impairment of investment securities available for sale of $126, and equity in losses from long-term investments of $2,520. This was offset by income of $16,705 from changes in fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt, equity in earnings from real estate ventures of $26,404, other income of $2,997 and gain on sale of investment securities available for sale of $187. For the six months ended June 30, 2016, other expenses primarily consisted of interest expense of $67,089, impairment of investment securities available for sale of $4,862 (primarily related to our investment in Morgans Hotel Group Co.) and equity in losses from long-term investments of $582. This was offset by income of $17,110 from changes in fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt, equity in earnings from real estate ventures of $2,306, other income of $1,628 and gain on sale of investment securities available for sale of $706.

Income before provision for income taxes. Income before income taxes was $43,366 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to income before income taxes of $82,096 for the six months ended June 30, 2016.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense was $16,045 and $33,366 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our provision for income taxes in interim periods is based on an estimated annual effective income tax rate derived, in part, from estimated annual income before provision for income taxes in accordance with guidance on accounting for income taxes on interim periods. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, our income tax benefit was decreased by $412 due primarily to an income tax deduction resulting from the adoption of ASU 2016-09 and the result of a recent state income tax audit.

Tobacco.

All of our Tobacco sales were in the discount category in 2017 and 2016. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, Tobacco revenues were $529,631 compared to $476,513 for the six months ended June 30, 2016. Revenues increased by $53,118 (11.1%) due to a 13.6% increase in unit sales volume of $64,718 (approximately 533.3 million units) offset by an unfavorable net price variance of $11,600.

Tobacco cost of sales. The Tobacco segment's MSA expense is included in cost of sales. The calculation of our benefit from the MSA is an estimate based on taxable unit shipments of cigarettes in the U.S. As of June 30, 2017, we estimate taxable shipments in the U.S. will decline by 3.75% in 2017. Our annual MSA expense changes by approximately $1,800 for each percentage change in the estimated shipment volumes in the U.S. market. The major components of our Tobacco cost of sales were as follows:



		Six Months Ended
		June 30,
		2017			2016

Manufacturing overhead, raw materials and labor		$	60,734		$	55,369
Federal Excise Taxes, net		224,562			197,707
FDA expense		10,162			9,632
MSA expense, net of market share exemption		67,203		⁽¹⁾	42,637
	Total cost of sales	$	362,661		$	305,345


⁽¹⁾	Includes $895 reduction in expense from MSA Settlements.

Tobacco gross profit was $166,970 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $171,168 for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The $4,198 (2.5%) decline was due primarily to the unfavorable net pricing variance discussed above and higher MSA unit costs partially offset by lower manufacturing unit costs. Gross profit for the six months ended June 30, 2016 includes $5,010 related to a revision in Liggett's 2015 MSA cost estimate due to higher industry volume. As a percentage of revenues (excluding Federal Excise Taxes), Tobacco gross profit was 54.7% in the 2017 period and 61.4% in the 2016 period.

Tobacco expenses. Tobacco operating, selling, general and administrative expenses were $41,106 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $41,278 for the six months ended June 30, 2016. Tobacco product liability legal expenses, including settlements and judgments, were $4,820 and $5,878 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Tobacco operating income. Tobacco operating income was $124,177 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $127,499 for the same period last year. The Tobacco operating income decline of $3,322 (2.6%) was primarily due to lower gross profit margins discussed above, which primarily related to the absence in 2017 of the $5,010 benefit that was recorded in the 2016 period related to a revision in Liggett's 2015 MSA cost estimate.

E-Cigarettes.

E-Cigarettes revenues. There were no E-Cigarettes revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $48 for the six months ended June 30, 2016.

E-Cigarettes cost of sales. There were no E-Cigarettes cost of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $13 for the six months ended June 30, 2016.

E-Cigarettes expenses. E-Cigarettes operating, selling, general and administrative expenses were $78 and $319 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Operating losses from E-Cigarettes were $78 and $284 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Real Estate.

Real Estate revenues. Real Estate revenues were $357,566 and $342,512 for the six months ended ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Real Estate revenues increased by $15,054 (4.4%), which was primarily related to an increase of $12,647 in Douglas Elliman's commission and other brokerage income. The increase in commission and other brokerage income was related to increased commission and other brokerage income in Douglas Elliman's existing home sales and was offset by lower revenues generated by Douglas Elliman's development marketing division. In addition, Douglas Elliman's property management revenues increased by $1,892 for the six months ended ended June 30, 2017.

Real Estate revenues and cost of sales for the six months ended ended June 30, 2017 were as follows:



	Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2017		2016
Real Estate Revenues:
Commission and other brokerage income	$	335,369	$	322,722
Property management income	16,356		14,464
Title fees	2,522		2,128
Sales on facilities primarily from Escena	3,319		3,195
Other	—		3
Total real estate revenues	$	357,566	$	342,512

Real Estate Cost of Sales:
Commission and other brokerage income	$	225,658	$	212,365
Cost of sales on facilities primarily from Escena	2,058		2,010
Title fees	440		320
Total real estate cost of sales	$	228,156	$	214,695

Brokerage cost of sales. Douglas Elliman commission cost of sales increased by $13,293 due to a increase in sales volume.

Real Estate expenses. Real Estate operating, selling, general and administrative expenses were $112,204 and $108,437 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase of $3,767 was primarily due to increased expenses associated with the growth of Douglas Elliman, which included its continued expansion in new markets and its development marketing division.

Real Estate operating income. The Real Estate segment had operating income of $17,206 and $19,380 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decline in operating income of $2,174 was primarily related to lower operating income at Douglas Elliman.

Corporate and other.

Corporate and other loss. The operating loss at the corporate segment was $14,564 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to $13,716 for the same period in 2016. The increase of $848 was primarily due to increased stock-based compensation expense offset by for the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Summary of Real Estate Investments

We own and seek to acquire investment interests in various domestic and international real estate projects through debt and equity investments. Our real estate investments primarily include the following projects as of June 30, 2017:



	(Dollars in Thousands. Area and Unit Information in Ones)
	Location	Date of Initial Investment	Percentage Owned		Net Cash Invested (Returned)			Cumulative Earnings (Losses)			Carrying Value as of June 30, 2017		Future Capital Commit- ments from New Valley (1)		Projected Residential and/or Hotel Area		Projected Commercial Space		Projected Number of Residential Lots, Units and/or Hotel Rooms		Actual/Projected Construction Start Date	Projected Construction End Date

Sagaponack	Sagaponack, NY	April 2015	100	%	$	13,053		$	—		$	13,053	$	—	TBD		N/A		TBD		N/A	N/A
Escena, net	Master planned community, golf course, restaurant and shop in Palm Springs, CA	March 2008	100	%	2,644			7,978			10,622		—		450	Acres			667 450	R Lots H	N/A	N/A
Investments in real estate, net					$	15,697		$	7,978		$	23,675	$	—

Investments in real estate ventures:
10 Madison Square West (1107 Broadway)	Flatiron District/NoMad neighborhood, Manhattan, NY	October 2011	5.0	%	$	(39,172	)	$	39,172		$	—	$	—	260,000	SF	20,000	SF	124	R	August 2012	August 2017
The Marquand (11 East 68th Street)	Upper East Side, Manhattan, NY	December 2011	18.0	%	3,396			2,681			6,077		—		90,000	SF	—		29	R	June 2012	Completed
11 Beach Street	TriBeCa, Manhattan, NY	June 2012	49.5	%	10,790			9,194			19,984		—		97,000	SF	—		27	R	May 2014	October 2017
20 Times Square (701 Seventh Avenue)	Times Square, Manhattan, NY	August 2012	7.9	%	17,381			3,920			21,301		—		252,000	SF	80,000	SF	452	H	September 2013	March 2018
111 Murray Street	TriBeCa, Manhattan, NY	May 2013	9.5	%	25,719			(822		)	24,897		—		330,000	SF	1,700	SF	157	R	September 2014	September 2018
160 Leroy Street (2)	West Greenwich Village, Manhattan, NY	March 2013	3.1	%	2,293			2,020			4,313		—		130,000	SF	—		57	R	Fall 2015	March 2018
215 Chrystie Street	Lower East Side, Manhattan, NY	December 2012	18.4	%	—			—			—		—		246,000	SF	—		11 367	R H	June 2014	November 2017
The Dutch (25-19 43rd Avenue)	Long Island City, NY	May 2014	9.9	%	980			246			1,226				65,000	SF	—		86	R	September 2014	December 2017
1 QPS Tower (23-10 Queens Plaza South)	Long Island City, NY	December 2012	45.4	%	14,711			(1,318		)	13,393		—		260,000	SF	25,000	SF	391	R	March 2014	October 2017
87 Park (8701 Collins Avenue)	Miami Beach, FL	December 2013	15.0	%	11,821			1,114			12,935		—		160,000	SF	TBD		70	R	October 2015	September 2019
125 Greenwich Street (2)	Financial District, Manhattan, NY	August 2014	13.3	%	7,992			2,228			10,220		—		306,000	SF	16,000	SF	273	R	March 2015	February 2020
West Hollywood Edition (9040 Sunset Boulevard)	West Hollywood, CA	October 2014	48.5	%	1,359			(1,295		)	64		—		210,000	SF	—		20 190	R H	May 2015	July 2018
The Eleventh (76 Eleventh Avenue)	West Chelsea, Manhattan, NY	May 2015	5.1	%	17,000			3,577			20,577		—		630,000	SF	85,000	SF	241 137	R H	September 2016	March 2019
Monad Terrace	Miami Beach, FL	May 2015	22.2	%	7,635			519			8,154		—		160,000	SF	—		59	R	May 2016	February 2019
Takanasee	Long Branch, NJ	December 2015	22.8	%	4,817			952			5,769		—		63,000	SF	—		13	R	June 2017	TBD
New Brookland	Brooklyn, NY	April 2017	9.8	%	402			8			410		—		24,000	SF	—		33	R	August 2017	March 2019
Witkoff GP Partners	Santa Monica, CA	March 2017	3.0	%	5,456			7			5,463		14,544		247,000	SF	58,000	SF	249	R	July 2018	August 2020
Condominium and Mixed Use Development					$	92,580		$	62,203		$	154,783	$	14,544

Maryland Portfolio	Primarily Baltimore County, MD	July 2012	7.6	%	$	986		$	(986	)	$	—	$	—	N/A		N/A		5,517	R	N/A	N/A
ST Portfolio	Houston, TX	November 2013	16.3	%	5,857			1,601			7,458		—		400,000	SF	20,065	SF	396	R	N/A	N/A
Apartment Buildings					$	6,843		$	615		$	7,458	$	—

Park Lane Hotel	Central Park South, Manhattan, NY	November 2013	5.2	%	$	29,315		$	(7,089	)	$	22,226	$	—	445,600	SF	—		628	H	N/A	N/A
Coral Beach and Tennis Club	Coral Beach, Bermuda	December 2013	49.0	%	6,048			(3,547		)	2,501		—		52	Acres	—		101	H	N/A	N/A
Hotels					$	35,363		$	(10,636	)	$	24,727	$	—

The Plaza at Harmon Meadow	Secaucus, NJ	March 2015	49.0	%	$	4,835		$	(2,015	)	$	2,820	$	—	—	—	219,382	SF	—	—	N/A	N /A
Wynn Las Vegas Retail	Las Vegas, NV	December 2016	2.1	%	9,908			(64		)	9,844		—		—	—	90,000	SF	—	—	N/A	N/A
Commercial					$	14,743		$	(2,079	)	$	12,664	$	—

Investments in real estate ventures					$	149,529		$	50,103		$	199,632	$	14,544

Total Carrying Value					$	165,226		$	58,081		$	223,307

(1) This column only represents capital commitments required under the various joint venture agreements. However, many of the operating agreements provide for the operating partner to call capital. If a joint venture partner, such as New Valley, declines to fund the capital call, then the partner’s ownership percentage could either be diluted or, in some situations, the character of a funding member’s contribution would be converted from a capital contribution to a member loan.
(2) Carrying value as of June 30, 2017, includes non-controlling interest of $2,018 and $1,815, respectively.
N/A - Not applicable	SF - Square feet	H - Hotel rooms
TBD -To be determined	R - Residential Units	R Lots - Residential lots

Other investments in real estate ventures relate to an investment in an insurance consulting company by Douglas Elliman with a carrying value of $1,724 as of June 30, 2017. New Valley has capitalized $17,595 of net interest expense since inception into the carrying value of its ventures whose projects were under development as of June 30, 2017. This amount is included in the “Cumulative Earnings (Losses)” column in the table above.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and cash equivalents increased by $16,879 and $234,370 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Cash provided from operations was $117,611 and $78,825 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase primarily related to a decline in the amount of payments of tobacco litigation settlements and judgments, increased distributions received from real estate joint ventures in 2017 and the increase in excise taxes payable in the 2017 period compared to a decline in excise taxes payable in the 2016 period. These were offset by a decline in operating income and the payment of a redemption premium in 2017 to retire our 7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2021.

Cash used in investing activities was $15,222 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 compared to cash provided by investing of $17,328 for the six months ended June 30, 2016. In the first six months of 2017, cash used in investing activities was for the purchase of investment securities of $109,891, investments in real estate ventures of $8,454, capital expenditures of $8,346, investments in real estate, net of $205, an increase in cash surrender value of corporate-owned life insurance policies of $854, issuance of notes receivable of $1,500, an increase in restricted assets of $1,235, and purchase of long-term investments of $26,000. This was offset by the sale of investment securities of $22,396, pay downs of investment securities of $1,620, the maturities of investment securities of $93,368, distributions from investments in real estate ventures of $23,338, proceeds from the sale or liquidation of long-term investments of $466 and proceeds from the sale of fixed assets of $75. In the first six months of 2016, cash provided by investing activities was from the sale of investment securities of $67,033, pay downs of investment securities of $4,926, the proceeds from sale or liquidation of long-term investments of $1,000, the maturity of investment securities of $343, distributions from investments in real estate ventures of $17,983, a decrease in restricted assets of $2,674 and proceeds from the sale of fixed assets of $5. This was offset by the purchase of investment securities of $56,691, investments in real estate ventures of $11,806, capital expenditures of $7,615, investments in real estate, net of $81 and an increase in cash surrender value of corporate-owned life insurance policies of $393 and purchase of long-term investments of $50.

Cash used in financing activities was $85,510 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and cash provided by financing activities was $138,217 for the six months ended June 30, 2016. In the first six months of 2017, cash was used for the dividends and distributions on common stock of $104,750, repayments of debt of $836,145, net repayments of debt under the revolver of $18,500, distribution to non-controlling interest of $165, and payment of deferred financing costs of $19,200. This was offset by proceeds from debt issuance of $850,020, and proceeds of issuance of our common stock of $43,230. In the first six months of 2016, cash provided by financing activities was from proceeds of debt issuance of $243,282, proceeds from net borrowings of debt under the revolver of $9,472 and contributions from non-controlling interest of $248. This was offset by cash used for the dividends and distributions on common stock of $97,846, repayments of debt of $2,917, distributions to non-controlling interest of $7,422 and payment of deferred financing costs of $6,600.

In recent years, we have taken advantage of historically low interest rates and lowered our weighted average cost of capital by issuing debt at lower interest rates than our historical borrowing levels and, as discussed below, in January 2017, we issued $850,000 of our 6.125% Senior Secured Notes. We continue to evaluate the capital markets and may strategically pursue opportunities to create a more sustainable and advantageous capital structure. There can be no assurance that we would be able to in the future and, in the event we pursue any capital markets activities, our ability to complete any offering would be subject to market conditions.

Liggett Credit Facility and Liggett Term Loan Under Credit Facility. As of June 30, 2017, $21,662 was outstanding under the revolving and term loan portions of the credit facility. Availability as determined under the Credit Facility was approximately $28,740 based on eligible collateral at June 30, 2017. At June 30, 2017, management believed that Liggett was in compliance with all covenants under the credit facility; Liggett's EBITDA, as defined, were approximately $235,209 for the last twelve months ended June 30, 2017.

Vector. In January 2017, we issued $850,000 of our 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2025. The aggregate net proceeds from the issuance of the 6.125% Senior Secured Notes were approximately $831,100 after deducting offering expenses. We used the net proceeds of the issuance, together with the proceeds from the sale of 2,000,000 common shares, to redeem all of our outstanding 7.75% Senior Secured Notes due 2021 and to satisfy and discharge the indenture governing the existing notes. We retired the 7.75% Senior Secured Notes at 103.875%, plus accrued and unpaid interest, on February 26, 2017. We incurred a loss on the extinguishment of the debt of $34,110 for the six months ended June 30, 2017, which included $32,356 of premium and tender offer costs and non-cash interest expense of $1,754 related to the write-off of net unamortized debt premium and deferred finance costs.

The indenture of our 6.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 contains covenants that restrict the payment of dividends if our consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Consolidated EBITDA”), as defined in the indenture, for the most recently ended four full quarters is less than $75,000. The indenture also restricts the incurrence of debt if our Leverage Ratio and our Secured Leverage Ratio, as defined in the indenture, exceed 3.0 and 1.5, respectively. Our Leverage Ratio is defined in the indenture as the ratio of our guaranteeing subsidiaries’ total debt less the fair market value of our cash, investments in

marketable securities and long-term investments to Consolidated EBITDA, as defined in the indenture. Our Secured Leverage Ratio is defined in the indenture in the same manner as the Leverage Ratio, except that secured indebtedness is substituted for indebtedness. As of June 30, 2017, we were in compliance with all debt covenants. The following table summarizes the requirements of these financial covenants and the results of the calculation, as defined by the indenture.



	Indenture	June 30, 2017
Covenant	Requirement	June 30, 2017
Consolidated EBITDA, as defined	$75,000	$320,114
Leverage ratio, as defined	<3.0 to 1	1.86 to 1
Secured leverage ratio, as defined	<1.5 to 1	0.9 to 1

As of December 31, 2016, we were in compliance with all debt covenants in place at that time.

We and our subsidiaries have significant indebtedness and debt service obligations. At June 30, 2017, we and our subsidiaries had total outstanding indebtedness of $1,364,398, of which $230,000 of our 7.5% convertible notes mature in 2019, $258,750 of our 5.5% variable interest senior convertible notes mature in 2020, and $850,000 of our 6.125% Senior Secured Notes mature in 2025. In addition, subject to the terms of any future agreements, we and our subsidiaries will be able to incur additional indebtedness in the future. There is a risk that we will not be able to generate sufficient funds to repay our debt. If we cannot service our fixed charges, it would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We believe that our cigarette and real estate operations are positive cash-flow-generating units and will continue to be able to sustain their operations without any significant liquidity concerns.

In order to meet the above liquidity requirements as well as other anticipated liquidity needs in the normal course of business, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $410,400, investment securities available for sale of approximately $146,200, long-term investments with an estimated value of approximately $83,600 and availability under Liggett's credit facility of approximately $28,700 at June 30, 2017. Management currently anticipates that these amounts, as well as expected cash flows from our operations, proceeds from public and/or private debt and equity financing, management fees and other payments from subsidiaries should be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs over the next 12 months. We may acquire or seek to acquire additional operating businesses through merger, purchase of assets, stock acquisition or other means, or to make other investments, which may limit our liquidity otherwise available.

On a quarterly basis, we evaluate our investments to determine whether an impairment has occurred. If so, we also make a determination if such impairment is considered temporary or other-than-temporary. We believe that the assessment of temporary or other-than-temporary impairment is facts-and-circumstances driven. However, among the matters that are considered in making such a determination are the period of time the investment has remained below its cost or carrying value, the likelihood of recovery given the reason for the decrease in market value and our original expected holding period of the investment.

Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks principally from fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices. We seek to minimize these risks through our regular operating and financing activities and our long-term investment strategy. Our market risk management procedures cover all market risk sensitive financial instruments.

As of June 30, 2017, approximately $21,700 of our outstanding debt at face value had variable interest rates determined by various interest rate indices, which increases the risk of fluctuating interest rates. Our exposure to market risk includes interest rate fluctuations in connection with our variable rate borrowings, which could adversely affect our cash flows. As of June 30, 2017, we had no interest rate caps or swaps. Based on a hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates (1%), our annual interest expense could increase or decrease by approximately $217.

In addition, as of June 30, 2017, $334,502 ($488,750 principal amount) of outstanding debt had a variable interest rate determined by the amount of the dividends on our common stock. The difference between the stated value of the debt and carrying value is due principally to certain embedded derivatives, which were separately valued and recorded upon issuance, and debt issuance costs. Changes to the estimated fair value of these embedded derivatives are reflected within our statements of operations as “Changes in fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt.” The value of the embedded derivative is contingent on changes in interest rates of debt instruments maturing over the duration of the convertible debt as well as projections of future cash and stock dividends over the term of the debt and changes in the closing stock price at the end of each quarterly period. Based on a hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates (1%), our annual “Changes in fair value of derivatives embedded within convertible debt” could increase or decrease by approximately $1,057 with approximately $326 resulting from

the embedded derivative associated with the 7.5% variable interest senior convertible notes, and the remaining $731 resulting from the embedded derivative associated with our 5.5% variable interest senior convertible debentures due 2020. An increase in our quarterly dividend rate by $0.10 per share would increase interest expense by approximately $10,800 per year.

We have estimated the fair market value of the embedded derivatives based principally on the results of a valuation model. The value of the embedded derivatives is contingent on changes in interest rates of debt instruments maturing over the duration of the convertible debt, our stock price as well as projections of future cash and stock dividends over the term of the debt. The interest rate component of the value of the embedded derivative is computed by calculating an equivalent non-convertible, unsecured and subordinated borrowing cost. This rate is determined by calculating the implied rate on our 7.5% Convertible Notes and our 5.5% Convertible Notes when removing the embedded option value within the convertible security. This rate is based upon market observable inputs and influenced by our stock price, convertible bond trading price, risk-free interest rates and stock volatility. The range of estimated fair market values of our embedded derivatives was between $96,300 and $95,256. We recorded the fair market value of our embedded derivatives at the approximate midpoint of the range at $95,627 as of June 30, 2017. The estimated fair market value of our embedded derivatives could change significantly based on future market conditions.

We also hold long-term investments in various investment partnerships. These investments are illiquid, and their ultimate realization is subject to the performance of the underlying entities.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our financial statements for further information on New Accounting Pronouncements.

Legislation and Regulation

There are no material changes other than those set forth below from the Legislation and Regulation section set forth in Item 7, “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Under certain circumstances, related to the 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (the “TCA”), tobacco products may continue to be sold only if an FDA review has determined that the products are “substantially equivalent” to a previously-marketed “predicate” product. Manufacturers of products first introduced after February 15, 2007 and before March 22, 2011 who submitted a substantial equivalence application to FDA prior to March 23, 2011 may continue to market the tobacco product unless FDA issues an order that the product is “not substantially equivalent” (“NSE”). Liggett and Vector Tobacco submitted applications for each of their respective cigarette brand styles, seeking FDA determinations that the styles are substantially equivalent to their respective predicate products. As a part of the FDA review process, Liggett and Vector Tobacco have received various communications from FDA regarding certain of their substantial equivalence applications, including “Preliminary Finding” letters and other FDA correspondence requesting additional information. Liggett and Vector Tobacco have timely responded to FDA’s requests.

In May 2017, FDA issued NSE orders for four of Liggett’s applications. These FDA orders required Liggett to stop all distribution, sale, marketing and promotion of three Bronson brand styles and one Tourney brand style. Sales of these cigarette brand styles are limited to two convenience store chains and represent less than 1% of Liggett’s annual revenue. Liggett has complied with these NSE orders.

On July 28, 2017, FDA announced a comprehensive approach regarding the regulation of cigarettes and other tobacco products. As part of this new approach, FDA indicated that it will revisit the review process for substantial equivalence applications of the type submitted by Liggett and Vector Tobacco, for products first introduced after February 15, 2007 and before March 22, 2011. FDA indicated that it will evaluate whether the review of all outstanding applications would be an effective use of the agency’s resources or whether agency review would not be required for certain pending applications. We cannot predict whether FDA will decide to suspend review of some or all of our outstanding applications, how FDA would evaluate whether an application should undergo review, or how a decision not to review an application would affect the legal status of the product.

As part of the comprehensive plan, the FDA also announced its intent to issue an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking requesting public stakeholder input on the impact of flavors (including menthol) in increased initiation among youth and young adults as well as assisting adult smokers to switch to potentially less harmful forms of nicotine delivery.

In addition, as part of the approach announced on July 28, 2017, FDA announced a plan to prioritize nicotine addiction, with the goal of lowering nicotine levels in combustible cigarettes through a product standard developed through notice and comment rulemaking (based upon, among other things, stakeholder comments as well as published literature). FDA announced that it will issue an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to seek input on the potential health benefits and any possible adverse effects of requiring manufacturers to lower nicotine levels in cigarettes to non-addictive, or potentially minimally addictive, levels. Under the TCA, FDA may adopt a tobacco product standard for nicotine if the agency concludes that such a standard is appropriate for the protection of the public health. FDA may refer the proposed regulation to the Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee (TPSAC) for a report and recommendation. FDA may consider a wide range of issues prior to the promulgation of a final rule, including the technical achievability of compliance with the proposed product standard. The rulemaking process could take many months or years and once a final rule is published it ordinarily would not be expected to take effect until at least one year after the date of publication.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In addition to historical information, this report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities law. Forward-looking statements include information relating to our intent, belief or current expectations, primarily with respect to, but not limited to:


•	economic outlook,


•	capital expenditures,


•	cost reduction,


•	legislation and regulations,


•	cash flows,


•	operating performance,


•	litigation,


•	impairment charges and cost saving associated with restructurings of our tobacco operations, and


•	related industry developments (including trends affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations).

We identify forward-looking statements in this report by using words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may be,” “objective,” “plan,” “seek,” “predict,” “project” and “will be” and similar words or phrases or their negatives.

The forward-looking information involves important risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from our anticipated results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the following:


•	general economic and market conditions and any changes therein, due to acts of war and terrorism or otherwise,


•	governmental regulations and policies,


•	effects of industry competition,


•	impact of business combinations, including acquisitions and divestitures, both internally for us and externally in the tobacco industry,


•	impact of legislation on our results of operations and product costs, i.e. the impact of federal legislation providing for regulation of tobacco products by FDA,


•	impact of substantial increases in federal, state and local excise taxes,


•	uncertainty related to product liability and other tobacco-related litigations including the Engle progeny cases pending in Florida and other individual and class action cases where certain plaintiffs have alleged compensatory and punitive damage amounts ranging into the hundreds of million and even billions of dollars; and,


•	potential additional payment obligations for us under the MSA and other settlement agreements with the states.

Further information on the risks and uncertainties to our business include the risk factors discussed above in “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and under Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Although we believe the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, there is a risk that these expectations will not be attained and that any deviations will be material. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The information under the caption “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Market Risk” is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report, and, based on their evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the second quarter of 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Reference is made to Note 7, incorporated herein by reference, to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report which contains a general description of certain legal proceedings to which our company, or its subsidiaries are a party and certain related matters. Reference is also made to Exhibit 99.1 for additional information regarding the pending smoking-related legal proceedings to which Liggett or us is a party. A copy of Exhibit 99.1 will be furnished without charge upon written request to us at our principal executive offices, 4400 Biscayne Boulevard, 10th Floor, Miami, Florida 33137, Attn. Investor Relations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There are no material changes from the risk factors set forth in Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, except as follows (which information in the second risk factor below supplements the existing risk factor in the 10-K):

Liggett may have additional payment obligations under its individual state settlements.

In 2004, the Attorneys General of Mississippi and Texas advised Liggett that they believed that Liggett had failed to make all required payments under the respective settlement agreements with these states. Liggett believes these allegations are without merit, based, among other things, on the language of the most favored nation provisions of the settlement agreements. No amounts have been accrued in our consolidated financial statements for any additional amounts that may be payable by Liggett under the settlement agreements with Mississippi and Texas. In January 2016, Mississippi filed a motion to enforce the March 1996 settlement agreement alleging that Liggett owes at least $27 million in compensatory damages (including interest), and $20 million in punitive damages plus attorneys' fees. On April 21, 2017, the court ruled that the settlement agreement should be enforced and referred the matter to a Special Master for further proceedings to determine the amount of damages, if any, to be awarded. In May, 2017, Liggett filed both a Motion to Stay proceedings before the Special Master and a Petition for Interlocutory Appeal to the Mississippi Supreme Court. In July 2017, the trial court granted the Motion to Stay. A decision is pending on the Petition for Interlocutory Appeal. There can be no assurance that Liggett will prevail and that Liggett will not be required to make additional payments, which could materially adversely affect our condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows and the value of our common stock.

The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act may adversely affect our sales and operating profit

On June 22, 2009 the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (“TCA”) became law. The law grants FDA broad authority over the manufacture, sale, marketing and packaging of tobacco products. On July 28, 2017, FDA announced a new comprehensive plan regarding the regulation of cigarettes, which it said would place nicotine at the center of its regulatory efforts. As part of the approach, FDA announced a plan to prioritize nicotine addiction, with the goal of lowering nicotine levels in combustible cigarettes through a product standard developed through notice and comment rulemaking (based upon, among other things, stakeholder comments as well as published literature). FDA announced that it will issue an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to seek input on the potential health benefits and any possible adverse effects of requiring manufacturers to lower nicotine levels in cigarettes to non-addictive, or potentially minimally addictive, levels. Under the TCA, FDA may adopt a tobacco product standard for nicotine if the agency concludes that such a standard is appropriate for the protection of the public health. FDA may refer the proposed regulation to the Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee (TPSAC) for a report and recommendation. FDA may consider a wide range of issues prior to the promulgation of a final rule, including the technical achievability of compliance with the proposed product standard. The rulemaking process could take many months or years and once a final rule is published it ordinarily would not be expected to take effect until at least one year after the date of publication. As part of the comprehensive plan, the FDA also announced its intent to issue an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking requesting public stakeholder input on the impact of flavors (including menthol) in increased initiation among youth and young adults as well as assisting adult smokers to switch to potentially less harmful forms of nicotine delivery. We are unable to predict what effect these potential new regulations could have on our business and results of operations.

Under certain circumstances, the TCA provides that tobacco products may continue to be sold only if an FDA review has determined that the products are “substantially equivalent” to a previously-marketed “predicate” product. Liggett and Vector Tobacco submitted applications for each of their respective cigarette brand styles, seeking FDA determinations that the styles are substantially equivalent to their respective predicate products. As a part of the FDA review process, Liggett and Vector Tobacco

have received various communications from FDA regarding certain of their substantial equivalence applications, including “Preliminary Finding” letters and other FDA correspondence requesting additional information. Liggett and Vector Tobacco have timely responded to FDA’s requests.

In May 2017, FDA issued “not substantially equivalent” (“NSE”) orders for four of Liggett’s applications. These FDA orders required Liggett to stop all distribution, sale, marketing and promotion of three Bronson brand styles and one Tourney brand style. Sales of these cigarette brand styles were limited to two convenience store chains and represented less than 1% of Liggett’s annual revenue in 2016. Liggett has complied with these NSE orders.

We cannot predict whether FDA will deem Liggett’s and Vector Tobacco’s remaining responses to “Preliminary Finding” letters for pending substantial equivalence applications to be sufficient to support determinations of substantial equivalence for the products covered by those applications. It is possible that FDA could determine some, or all, of these products to be “not substantially equivalent” to a predicate tobacco product, as FDA has already done for six of Liggett’s applications (Liggett received two previous NSE orders in August and October 2016) and for multiple substantial equivalence applications from other tobacco companies. The positions taken in the May 2017 NSE orders could create negative precedent for Liggett's and Vector Tobacco's other substantial equivalence applications, although on July 28, 2017 FDA indicated that it will revisit the review process for substantial equivalence applications of the type submitted by Liggett and Vector Tobacco, for products first introduced after February 15, 2007 and before March 22, 2011. FDA indicated that it will evaluate whether the review of outstanding applications would be an effective use of the agency’s resources or whether agency review would not be required for certain pending applications. We cannot predict whether FDA will decide to suspend review of some or all of our outstanding applications, how FDA would evaluate whether an application should undergo review, or how a decision not to review an application would affect the legal status of the product. NSE orders for other cigarette styles would require us to stop the sale of the applicable cigarettes and could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

No equity securities of ours which were not registered under a private offering of the Securities Act of 1933 have been issued or sold by us during the three months ended June 30, 2017.

Item 6. Exhibits:



12.1	Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges for each of the five years within the period ended December 31, 2016 and for each of the six months within the periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer, Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer, Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

99.1	Material Legal Proceedings

101.INS

101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

* Incorporated by reference

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		VECTOR GROUP LTD.
		(Registrant)

		By: /s/ J. Bryant Kirkland III
		J. Bryant Kirkland III
		Senior Vice President, Treasurer and
		Chief Financial Officer
Date:	August 4, 2017