VICOR CORP - Quarter Report: 2013 March (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2013

For the transition period from                     

Commission File Number 0-18277

VICOR CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

25 Frontage Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810

(Address of Principal Executive Office)

(978) 470-2900

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on it corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.)    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of Common Stock as of March 31, 2013 was:

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VICOR CORPORATION

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q

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VICOR CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

Item 1. Financial Statements

See accompanying notes.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2013

(unaudited)

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Vicor Corporation (the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, these interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2013, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or the year ending December 31, 2013. The balance sheet at December 31, 2012, presented herein has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, (File No. 0-18277) filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The Company’s principal sources of liquidity are its existing balances of cash and cash equivalents, as well as cash generated from operations. Consistent with the Company’s investment policy guidelines, the Company can invest, and has historically invested, its cash balances in demand deposit accounts, money market funds, brokered certificates of deposit, and auction rate securities meeting certain quality criteria. All of the Company’s investments are subject to credit, liquidity, market, and interest rate risk.

The Company’s long-term investments are classified as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, attributable to credit loss recorded through the statement of operations and unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, attributable to other non-credit factors recorded in “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)”, a component of Stockholders’ Equity. In determining the amount of credit loss, the Company compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected to the amortized cost basis of the securities, considering credit default risk probabilities and changes in credit ratings as significant inputs, among other factors.

The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, the net amount of which, along with interest and realized gains and losses, is included in “Other income (expense), net” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company periodically evaluates investments to determine if impairment is required, whether an impairment is other than temporary, and the measurement of an impairment loss. The Company considers a variety of impairment indicators such as, but not limited to, a significant deterioration in the earnings performance, credit rating, or asset quality of the investment.

As of March 31, 2013, the Company held par value of $6,100,000 of auction rate securities. These auction rate securities consist of collateralized debt obligations, supported by pools of student loans, sponsored by state student loan agencies and corporate student loan servicing firms. The interest rates for these securities are reset at auction at regular intervals of 28 days. The auction rate securities held by the Company traded at par prior to February 2008 and are callable at par at the option of the issuer.

Until February 2008, the auction rate securities market was liquid, as the investment banks conducting the periodic “Dutch auctions” by which interest rates for the securities had been established had committed their capital to support such auctions in the event of insufficient third-party investor demand. Starting the week of February 11, 2008, a substantial number of auctions failed, as demand from third-party investors weakened and the investment banks conducting the auctions chose not to commit capital to support such auctions (i.e., investment banks chose not to purchase securities themselves in order to balance supply and demand, thereby facilitating a successful auction, as they had done in the past). The consequences of a failed auction are (a) an investor must hold the specific security until the next scheduled auction (unless that investor chooses to sell the security to a third party outside of the auction process) and (b) the interest rate on the security generally resets to an interest rate set forth in each security’s indenture.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2013

(unaudited)

As of March 31, 2013, the Company held auction rate securities that had experienced failed auctions totaling $6,100,000 at par value, all of which had been purchased through and are held by a broker-dealer affiliate of Bank of America, N.A. (the “Failed Auction Securities”). The Failed Auction Securities held by the Company are AAA/Aaa/A3 rated by major credit rating agencies, collateralized by student loans, and guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education under the Federal Family Education Loan Program. Management is not aware of any reason to believe any of the issuers of the Failed Auction Securities held by the Company are presently at risk of default. Through March 31, 2013, the Company has continued to receive interest payments on the Failed Auction Securities in accordance with the terms of their respective indentures. Management believes the Company ultimately should be able to liquidate all of its Failed Auction Securities without significant loss primarily due to the overall quality of the issues held and the collateral securing the substantial majority of the underlying obligations. However, current conditions in the auction rate securities market have led management to conclude the recovery period for the Failed Auction Securities exceeds 12 months. As a result, the Company continues to classify the Failed Auction Securities as long-term as of March 31, 2013.

The following is a summary of available-for-sale securities (in thousands):

All of the Failed Auction Securities as of March 31, 2013, have been in an unrealized loss position for greater than 12 months.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2013

(unaudited)

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale securities on March 31, 2013, by contractual maturities, are shown below (in thousands):

Based on the fair value measurements described in Note 3, the fair value of the Failed Auction Securities on March 31, 2013, with a par value of $6,100,000, was estimated by the Company to be approximately $5,031,000, an increase in fair value of $52,000 from December 31, 2012. The gross unrealized loss of $1,069,000 on the Failed Auction Securities consists of two types of estimated loss: an aggregate credit loss of $316,000 and an aggregate temporary impairment of $753,000. For the three months ended March 31, 2013, the aggregate credit loss on the Failed Auction Securities decreased by a net amount of $1,000, which was recorded in “Net credit gains recognized in earnings” in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. In determining the amount of credit loss, the Company compared the present value of cash flows expected to be collected to the amortized cost basis of the securities, considering credit default risk probabilities and changes in credit ratings as significant inputs, among other factors (See Note 3).

The following table represents a roll forward of the activity related to the credit loss recognized in earnings on available-for-sale auction rate securities held by the Company for the three months ended March 31 (in thousands):

At this time, the Company has no intent to sell any of the impaired Failed Auction Securities and does not believe it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell any of these securities. Management expects the securities to regain liquidity as the financial markets recover from the current economic downturn. If current market conditions deteriorate further, the Company may be required to record additional unrealized losses. If the credit rating of the security deteriorates, or the anticipated recovery in the market values does not occur, the Company may be required to adjust the carrying value of these investments through impairment charges recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations, and any such impairment adjustments may be material.

Based on the Company’s ability to access cash and cash equivalents and its expected operating cash flows, management does not anticipate the current lack of liquidity associated with the Failed Auction Securities held will affect the Company’s ability to execute its current operating plan.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2013

(unaudited)

The Company accounts for certain financial assets at fair value, defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. A three-level hierarchy is used to show the extent and level of judgment used to estimate fair value measurements.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis include the following as of March 31, 2013 (in thousands):

The Company has brokered certificates of deposit classified as Level 2 because the fair value for these investments has been determined utilizing observable inputs from non-active markets. The fair values fluctuate with changes in market interest rates obtained from information available in publicly quoted markets. Management tested the reported fair values by comparing them to net present value calculations utilizing a discount rate based on U.S. Treasury “STRIPS” (i.e., Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal Securities) for similar maturities.

As of March 31, 2013, there was insufficient observable auction rate security market information available to determine the fair value of the Failed Auction Securities using Level 1 or Level 2 inputs. As such, the Company’s investments in Failed Auction Securities were deemed to require valuation using Level 3 inputs. Management, after consulting with advisors, valued the Failed Auction Securities using analyses and pricing models similar to those used by market participants (i.e., buyers, sellers, and the broker-dealers responsible for execution of the Dutch auction pricing mechanism by which each issue’s interest rate was set). Management utilized a probability weighted discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model to determine the estimated fair value of these securities as of March 31, 2013. The major assumptions used in preparing the DCF model included: estimates for the amount and timing of future interest and principal payments based on default probability assumptions used to measure the credit loss of 4.9%; the rate of return required by investors to own these securities in the current environment, which management estimates to be 5.0% above the risk free rate of return; and an estimated timeframe of three to five years for successful auctions for these securities to occur. In making these assumptions, management considered relevant factors including: the formula applicable to each security defining the interest rate paid to investors in the event of a failed auction (the “Penalty Rate”); forward projections of the interest rate benchmarks specified in such formulas; the likely timing of principal repayments; the probability of full repayment considering the guarantees by the U.S. Department of Education of the underlying student loans, guarantees by other third parties, and additional credit enhancements provided through other means; and publicly available pricing data for recently issued student loan asset-backed securities not subject to auctions. In developing its estimate of the rate of return required by investors to own these securities, management compared the Penalty Rates of the Failed Auction Securities with yields of actively traded long-term bonds with similar characteristics and, reflecting the limited liquidity for auction rate securities and the discounts to par value seen in recent tender offers by issuers and arms’ length market transactions between informed buyers and sellers, estimated the implied yield (i.e., the discount to par value) necessary to complete a sale of the Failed Auction Securities. Management has calculated an increase or decrease in the liquidity risk premium of 5.0% referenced above of 1.0% (i.e., 100 basis points) as used in the model, would decrease or increase, respectively, the fair value of the Failed Auction Securities by approximately $300,000.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2013

(unaudited)

For purposes of the valuation process for the Failed Auction Securities, “management” consists of senior members of the Company’s finance department. The fair value measurements for the Failed Auction Securities are reviewed and updated on a quarterly basis. The calculations are prepared by the Company’s Corporate Controller, in conjunction with information provided by its valuation advisors, and include the development and substantiation of the unobservable inputs. The methodology, assumptions, and calculations are reviewed and approved by the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s Failed Auction Securities are the cumulative probability of earning the maximum rate until maturity, the cumulative probability of principal return prior to maturity, the cumulative probability of default, the liquidity risk premium, and the recovery rate in default. Significant increases (decreases) in any of those inputs in isolation would result in changes in fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the cumulative probability of earning the maximum rate until maturity, the cumulative probability of principal return prior to maturity, and the recovery rate in default would result in a higher (lower) fair value measurement, while increases (decreases) in the cumulative probability of default and the liquidity risk premium would result in a lower (higher) fair value measurement.

Generally, the interrelationships are such that a change in the assumption used for the cumulative probability of principal return prior to maturity is accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumption used for the cumulative probability of earning the maximum rate until maturity and a directionally opposite change in the assumptions used for the cumulative probability of default and the liquidity risk premium. The recovery rate in default is somewhat independent and based upon the securities’ specific underlying assets and published recovery rate indices.

Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements as of March 31, 2013 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2013

(unaudited)

The following table summarizes the change in the estimated fair values calculated for those assets valued on a recurring basis utilizing Level 3 inputs (i.e., the Failed Auction Securities) for the three months ended March 31, 2013 (in thousands):

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of stock option awards as of their grant date. Stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 31 was as follows (in thousands):

During the third quarter of 2010, the Company granted 1,243,750 non-qualified stock options under the Vicor Corporation Amended and Restated 2000 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, with performance-based vesting provisions tied to achievement of certain quarterly revenue targets by the Brick Business Unit. Under the accounting rules for performance-based awards, the Company is required to assess, on an ongoing basis, the probability of whether the performance criteria will be achieved. If and when achievement is deemed probable, the Company will begin to recognize the associated compensation expense for the stock options over the relevant performance period. As of March 31, 2013, the Company determined that it was not probable the revenue targets could be achieved and, accordingly, has not recorded any compensation expense relating to these options since the grant date. The unrecognized compensation expense of these performance-based options was approximately $7,790,000 as of March 31, 2013.

On December 31, 2010, the Company granted 2,984,250 non-qualified stock options under the VI Chip 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan with performance-based vesting provisions tied to achievement of certain margin targets by the VI Chip subsidiary. As of December 31, 2010, the Company determined it was probable the margin targets could be achieved and, accordingly, began recording compensation expense relating to these options beginning January 1, 2011. This determination remains the same as of March 31, 2013 and, accordingly, expense has been recorded through that date. The unrecognized compensation expense of these performance-based options was approximately $850,000 as of March 31, 2013.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2013

(unaudited)

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share for the three months ended March 31 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (determined using the first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. Fixed production overhead is allocated to the inventory cost per unit based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. Abnormal production costs, including fixed cost variances from normal production capacity, if any, are charged to cost of revenues in the period incurred. All shipping and handling costs incurred in connection with the sale of products are included in cost of revenues.

The Company provides reserves for inventories estimated to be excess, obsolete or unmarketable. The Company’s estimation process for assessing net realizable value is based upon its known backlog, projected future demand and expected market conditions. If the Company’s estimated demand and / or market expectation were to change or if product sales were to decline, the Company’s estimation process may cause larger inventory reserves to be recorded, resulting in larger charges to cost of revenues.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2013

(unaudited)

Inventories were as follows (in thousands):

The Company’s gross investment in non-voting convertible preferred stock of Great Wall Semiconductor Corporation (“GWS”) totaled $5,000,000 as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, giving the Company an approximately 27% ownership interest in GWS. GWS and its subsidiary design and sell semiconductors, conduct research and development activities, develop and license patents, and litigate against those who infringe upon its patented technologies. A director of the Company is the founder, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), as well as the majority voting shareholder, of GWS. The Company and GWS are parties to an intellectual property cross-licensing agreement, a license agreement and two supply agreements under which the Company purchases certain components from GWS. Purchases from GWS totaled approximately $396,000 and $378,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2013, and 2012, respectively.

The Company accounts for its investment in GWS under the equity method of accounting. The Company has determined that, while GWS is a variable interest entity, the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The key factors in the Company’s assessment were that the CEO of GWS has: (i) the power to direct the activities of GWS that most significantly impact its economic performance, and (ii) an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from GWS, respectively, that could potentially be significant to GWS.

There was no allocation of equity method income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, as GWS incurred a net loss in each period. The balance in the Company’s net investment in GWS was zero as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012.

In February 2013, the Company initiated and completed workforce reductions. As a result, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $1,361,000 in the first quarter of 2013 for the cost of severance and other employee-related costs involving cash payments based on each employee’s respective length of service. These charges were recorded as “Severance charges” in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. The related liability is presented as “Accrued severance charges” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

A summary of the activity related to the severance charges, by segment, for the three months ended March 31, 2013 is as follows (in thousands):

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2013

(unaudited)

The Company generally offers a two-year warranty for all of its products. The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time product revenue is recognized. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty reserves include the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty returns, and the cost per return. The Company assesses the adequacy of the warranty reserves and adjusts the amounts as necessary. Warranty obligations are included in “Accrued expenses” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Product warranty activity for the three months ended March 31, was as follows (in thousands):

The tax provision is based on the estimated annual effective tax rate for the year, which includes estimated federal, state and foreign income taxes (benefit) on the Company’s projected annual pre-tax income (loss) and estimated federal and state income taxes for certain noncontrolling interest subsidiaries that are not part of the Company’s consolidated income tax returns.

The (benefit) provision for income taxes and the effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, were as follows (in thousands):

For the three months ended March 31, 2013, a net income tax benefit was recorded primarily due to an increase in net federal deferred tax assets not covered by a valuation allowance, a potential net operating loss carryback for federal income tax purposes and the recognition of a benefit from the federal research tax credit for 2012, as a discrete item. The federal research tax credit for 2012 and 2013 was extended on January 2, 2013 pursuant to the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012. The Company recorded a provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2012 based on the Company’s projecting annual pre-tax income at that time.

As of March 31, 2013, the Company has a valuation allowance of approximately $12,295,000 primarily against certain state deferred tax assets, for which realization cannot be considered more likely than not at this time. Such deferred tax assets principally relate to tax net operating loss and credit carryforwards in certain state tax jurisdictions for which sufficient taxable income for utilization cannot be projected at this time, which may result in the net operating losses or credits or both potentially

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2013

(unaudited)

expiring without being utilized due to shorter carryforward periods. Management assesses the need for the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company considers all positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and past financial performance. If and when management determines the valuation allowance should be released, the adjustment would result in a tax benefit in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and may include a portion to be accounted for through “Additional paid-in capital”, a component of Stockholders’ Equity. The amount of the tax benefit to be recorded in a particular quarter could be material. Management believes it is more likely than not the Company’s net federal deferred tax assets of approximately $8,846,000 as of March 31, 2013 will be realized, based upon its assessment of all available evidence, both positive and negative.

At March 31, 2013, the Company had approximately $1,315,000 of capital expenditure commitments.

On January 28, 2011, SynQor, Inc. (“SynQor”) filed a complaint for patent infringement against Ericsson, Inc. (“Ericsson”), Cisco Systems, Inc. (“Cisco”) and the Company in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (“the Texas Action”). This immediately followed a complaint filed by the Company on January 26, 2011, in U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, in which the Company sought a declaratory judgment that its bus converter products do not infringe any valid claim of certain of SynQor’s U.S. patents, and that the claims of those patents are invalid. With respect to the Company, SynQor’s complaint alleges the Company’s products, including, but not limited to, unregulated bus converters used in intermediate bus architecture power supply systems, infringe certain SynQor patents. SynQor seeks, among other items, an injunction against further infringement and an award of unspecified compensatory and enhanced damages, interest, costs and attorney fees. On February 8, 2011, SynQor filed a motion for preliminary injunction seeking an order enjoining the Company from manufacturing, using, selling, and offering for sale in the United States and/or importing into the United States certain identified unregulated bus converters, as well as any other bus converters not significantly different from those products. On February 17, 2011, the Company withdrew its Massachusetts action without prejudice to allow the litigation to proceed in Texas. On May 16, 2011, SynQor announced it was withdrawing its motion for preliminary injunction against the Company. On September 16, 2011, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas issued an order setting a trial date of July 7, 2014. On September 20, 2011, SynQor filed an amended complaint in the Texas Action. The amended complaint repeated the allegations of patent infringement against the Company contained in SynQor’s original complaint, and included additional patent infringement allegations with respect to U.S. Patent No. 8,023,290 (“290 patent”), which was issued on that day. As with SynQor’s original complaint, the amended complaint alleged that the Company’s products, including but not limited to the Company’s unregulated bus converters used in intermediate bus architecture power supply systems, infringed the asserted patents. On October 4, 2011, the Company filed an answer and counterclaims to SynQor’s amended complaint, in which the Company alleges the 290 patent is unenforceable because it was procured through inequitable conduct before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and seeks damages against SynQor for SynQor’s unfair and deceptive trade practices and tortious interference with prospective economic advantage in connection with SynQor’s allegations of patent infringement against the Company. The Company does not believe that any of its products, including its unregulated bus converters, infringe any valid claim of the asserted SynQor patents, either alone or when used in an intermediate bus architecture implementation. The Company believes SynQor’s claims lack merit and, therefore, continues to vigorously defend itself against SynQor’s patent infringement allegations.

In addition, the Company is involved in certain other litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of its business. While the outcome of lawsuits and claims against the Company cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not expect any current litigation or claims to have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

The Company has organized its business segments according to its key product lines. The Brick Business Unit segment (“BBU”) designs, develops, manufactures and markets the Company’s modular power converters and configurable products, and also includes the operations of the Company’s Westcor division, the six entities comprising Vicor Custom Power, and the BBU operations of Vicor Japan Company, Ltd. (“VJCL”). The VI Chip segment includes VI Chip Corporation, which designs, develops, manufactures and markets the Company’s factorized power architecture (“FPA”) products. The VI Chip segment also

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2013

(unaudited)

includes the VI Chip business conducted through VJCL. The Picor segment includes Picor Corporation, which designs, develops, manufactures and markets integrated circuits and related products for use in a variety of power management and power system applications. Picor develops these products to be sold as part of the Company’s products or to third parties for separate applications.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates performance and allocates resources based on segment revenues and segment operating income (loss). The operating income (loss) for each segment includes selling, general and administrative and research and development expenses directly attributable to the segment. Certain of the Company’s indirect overhead costs, which include corporate selling, general and administrative expenses, are allocated among the segments based upon an estimate of costs associated with each segment. Assets allocated to each segment are based upon specific identification of such assets, which include accounts receivable, inventories, fixed assets and certain other assets. The Corporate segment consists of those operations and assets shared by all segments. The costs of certain centralized executive and administrative functions are recorded in this segment, as are certain shared assets, most notably cash and cash equivalents, deferred tax assets, long-term investments, the Company’s facilities in Massachusetts, real estate and other assets. The Company’s accounting policies and method of presentation for segments are consistent with that used throughout the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table provides significant segment financial data as of and for the three months ended March 31, (in thousands):

Effective January 1, 2013, the Company adopted new accounting guidance related to disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. The new accounting guidance amends ASC 210, Balance Sheet, to converge the presentation of offsetting assets and liabilities between U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and requires entities disclose both gross information and new information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. The adoption of this new guidance did not impact the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2013

(unaudited)

Effective January 1, 2013, the Company adopted new accounting guidance for the reporting of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income. This guidance requires an entity to report the effect of significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the respective line items in net income if the amount being reclassified is required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified in its entirety to net income. For other amounts that are not required under U.S. GAAP to be reclassified in their entirety to net income in the same reporting period, an entity is required to cross-reference other disclosures required under U.S. GAAP that provide additional detail about those amounts. The adoption of this new guidance did not materially impact the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

On March 18, 2013, the Company announced its intent to commence a tender offer for shares of its Common Stock representing up to $10,000,000 in aggregate value and commenced this tender offer on March 21, 2013, with an expiration date of April 22, 2013. Based on the final results of the tender offer, as reported on April 26, 2013, the Company accepted for purchase 1,341,575 shares of its Common Stock at a price of $5.00 per share for a total cost of approximately $6,708,000.

Under a previous tender offer completed on March 7, 2013, the Company purchased 1,931,513 shares of Common Stock for an aggregate cost of $10,392,000.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operation

March 31, 2013

Item 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Except for historical information contained herein, some matters discussed in this report constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intend,” “estimate,” “plans,” “assumes,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “continue,” “prospective,” “project,” and other similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements also include statements regarding the transition of the Company’s business strategically and organizationally from serving a highly diversified customer base to serving an increasing number of large customers; the level of customer orders overall and, in particular, from large customers and the delivery lead times associated therewith; the financial and operational impact of customer changes to shipping schedules; the derivation of a portion of the Company’s sales in each quarter from orders booked in the same quarter; the Company’s ongoing development of power conversion architectures, switching topologies, packaging technologies, and products; the Company’s plans to invest in expanded manufacturing, capacity, and the timing thereof; the Company’s belief regarding currency risk being mitigated because of limited foreign exchange fluctuation exposure; the Company’s continued success depending in part on its ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; the Company’s belief that cash generated from operations and the total of its cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund operations for the foreseeable future; the Company’s intentions regarding the declaration and payment of cash dividends; the Company’s intentions regarding protecting its rights under its patents; and the Company’s expectation that no current litigation or claims will have a material adverse impact on its financial position or results of operations. These statements are based upon the Company’s current expectations and estimates as to the prospective events and circumstances which may or may not be within the Company’s control and as to which there can be no assurance. Actual results could differ materially from those implied by forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including the Company’s ability to: hire and retain key personnel; develop and market new products and technologies cost effectively, and on a timely basis leverage the Company’s new technologies in standard products to promote market acceptance of the Company’s new approach to power system architecture; leverage design wins into increased product sales; continue to meet requirements of key customers and prospects; enter into licensing agreements increasing the Company’s market opportunity and accelerating market penetration; realize significant royalties under such licensing agreements; achieve sustainable bookings rates for the Company’s products across both markets and geographies; improve manufacturing and operating efficiencies; successfully enforce the Company’s intellectual property rights; successfully defend outstanding litigation; and maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, including the Company’s ability to obtain required financial information for investments on a timely basis, the Company’s ability to assess the value of assets, including illiquid investments, and the accounting therefor. These and other factors that may influence actual results are described in the risk factors set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, under Part I, Item I — “Business,” under Part I, Item 1A — “Risk Factors,” under Part I, Item 3 — “Legal Proceedings,” and under Part II, Item 7 — “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The risk factors contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 may not be exhaustive. Therefore, the information contained therein should be read together with other reports and documents that the Company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time, including Forms 10-Q, 8-K and 10-K, which may supplement, modify, supersede or update those risk factors. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of future events or developments.

Overview

Vicor Corporation designs, develops, manufactures and markets modular power components and complete power systems. The Company sells its products primarily to customers in the higher-performance, higher-power segments of the power systems market, including aerospace and defense electronics, enterprise and high performance computing, industrial equipment and automation, telecommunications and network infrastructure, and vehicles and transportation.

The Company has organized its business segments according to its key product lines. The Brick Business Unit segment (“BBU”) designs, develops, manufactures and markets the Company’s modular power converters and configurable products, and also includes the operations of the Company’s Westcor division, the six entities comprising Vicor Custom Power, and the BBU operations of Vicor Japan Company, Ltd. (“VJCL”). The VI Chip segment includes VI Chip Corporation, which designs, develops, manufactures and markets the Company’s factorized power architecture (“FPA”) products. The VI Chip segment also includes the VI Chip business conducted through VJCL. Picor Corporation designs, develops, manufactures and markets integrated circuits and related products for use in a variety of power management and power system applications. Picor develops these products to be sold as part of the Company’s products or to third parties for separate applications.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operation

March 31, 2013

The Company’s bookings, revenues, and operating results in 2013 have been negatively impacted by general economic conditions. Some of the markets in which the Company has historically focused remain in a weakened state. In particular, expenditures in the defense electronics sector have declined from historical levels as a result of governmental budget constraints and we have been impacted by the continued recession in Europe. In addition, VI Chip and Picor continue to be dependent on a limited number of customers, and the Company has experienced slower than expected growth from certain new product opportunities.

Revenues for the first quarter of 2013 decreased by 29.7% to $41,946,000, from $59,668,000 for the corresponding period in 2012, and decreased by 16.8% on a sequential basis from $50,424,000 for the fourth quarter of 2012. Export sales as a percentage of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 were approximately 54% and 53%, respectively. Gross margin decreased to $16,607,000 for the first quarter of 2013 from $24,467,000 in the first quarter of 2012, and decreased on a sequential basis from $20,125,000 for the fourth quarter of 2012. Gross margin as a percentage of revenue decreased to 39.6% for the first quarter of 2013 compared to 41.0% for the first quarter of 2012, and decreased on a sequential basis from 39.9% for the fourth quarter of 2012. During the first quarter of 2013, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $1,361,000 for the cost of severance and other employee-related costs for a workforce reduction initiated and completed in February 2013. Net loss attributable to Vicor Corporation for the first quarter of 2013 was $(4,990,000), or $(0.12) per share, compared to net income attributable to Vicor Corporation of $326,000, or $0.01 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2012, and net loss attributable to Vicor Corporation of ($4,814,000), or ($0.12) per share, for the fourth quarter of 2012.

Backlog, representing the total of orders for products for which shipment is scheduled within the next 12 months, was $37,934,000 at the end of the first quarter of 2013, as compared to $31,405,000 at the end of the fourth quarter of 2012.

Operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2013, increased $1,100,000, or 4.6%, to $25,103,000 from $24,003,000 for the corresponding period in 2012, primarily due to the charge related to workforce reduction discussed above. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses of $273,000. The primary decreases in selling, general and administrative expenses were commissions expense of $289,000, outside services expense of $149,000, legal fees of $135,000, and depreciation and amortization of $103,000, partially offset by increases in compensation expenses of $166,000, advertising expenses of $62,000, bad debt expense of $54,000, and telephone expenses of $54,000. Research and development expenses increased by $12,000. The primary elements of the increases in research and development expenses were supplies expenses of $113,000 and compensation expenses of $90,000, partially offset by decreases in project and pre-production materials of $113,000 and computer expenses of $40,000.

“Other income (expense), net” for the three months ended March 31, 2013, decreased $38,000 to $15,000 compared to $53,000 for the corresponding period a year ago. The primary components of the change were decreases in gains on disposals of equipment of $21,000 and interest of $15,000.

For the three months ended March 31, 2013, depreciation and amortization totaled $2,494,000 and capital additions totaled $1,171,000, compared to $2,632,000 and $1,261,000, respectively, for the first three months of 2012.

Inventories decreased by approximately $34,000 or 0.1% to $29,921,000, compared to $29,955,000 at December 31, 2012. This decrease was associated with a decrease in VI Chip inventories of $328,000, partially offset by increases in BBU and Picor inventories of $177,000 and $117,000, respectively.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Please refer to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, for a complete summary of the critical accounting policies and estimates.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operation

March 31, 2013

Three months ended March 31, 2013, compared to three months ended March 31, 2012

Net revenues for the first quarter of 2013, were $41,946,000, a decrease of $17,722,000 or 29.7% as compared to $59,668,000 for the same period a year ago, and decreased 16.8% on a sequential basis from the fourth quarter of 2012.

The components of net revenues for the three months ended March 31, were as follows (dollars in thousands):

The decrease in BBU revenues is primarily attributed to decreases in BBU component revenues of approximately $3,903,000, Vicor Custom Power revenues of approximately $1,322,000, and Westcor revenues of approximately $670,000. The overall decrease in revenues in the first quarter of 2013 reflects the sharp decline in bookings in the fourth quarter of 2012 across all three business segments. This is due to continued weakness in the defense electronics sector, continued recession in Europe and slower than expected growth from certain new product opportunities.

Gross margin for the first quarter of 2013 decreased $7,860,000, or 32.1%, to $16,607,000 from $24,467,000 in the first quarter of 2012. Gross margin as a percentage of net revenues decreased to 39.6% from 41.0%. The decrease in gross margin and gross margin percentage was primarily attributed to the decrease in net revenues, although the decrease in the gross margin percentage was partially offset by a shift in product mix to a higher proportion of higher-margin BBU products.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operation

March 31, 2013

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $13,887,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2013, a decrease of $273,000, or 1.9%, compared to $14,160,000 for the same period in 2012. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net revenues increased to 33.1% from 23.7% for the same period in 2012, primarily due to a decrease in net revenues.

The components of the $273,000 decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses were as follows (in thousands):

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VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operation

March 31, 2013

Research and development expenses were $9,855,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2013, an increase of $12,000, or 0.1%, compared to $9,843,000 for the same period in 2012. As a percentage of net revenues, research and development increased to 23.5% from 16.5% for the same period in 2012, primarily due to a decrease in net revenues.

The components of the $12,000 increase in research and development expenses were as follows (in thousands):

During the first quarter of 2013, the Company recorded a pre-tax charge of $1,361,000 for the cost of severance and other employee-related costs for a workforce reduction initiated and completed in February 2013.

The significant changes in the components of the “Other income (expense), net” were as follows (in thousands):

The Company’s exposure to market risk for fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relates primarily to the operations of VJCL. The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiaries in Europe and Hong Kong is the U.S. dollar. The decrease in interest income for the period was due to lower average balances on the Company’s long-term investments as well as a general decrease in interest rates.

Income (loss) before income taxes was $(8,481,000) for the first quarter of 2013, compared to $517,000 for the same period in 2012.

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VICOR CORPORATION

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of

Financial Condition and Results of Operation

March 31, 2013

The provision for income taxes and the effective income tax rate were as follows (dollars in thousands):

For the three months ended March 31, 2013, a net income tax benefit was recorded primarily due to an increase in net federal deferred tax assets not covered by a valuation allowance, a potential net operating loss carryback for federal income tax purposes and the recognition of a benefit from the federal research tax credit for 2012, as a discrete item. The federal research tax credit for 2012 and 2013 was extended on January 2, 2013 pursuant to the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012. The Company recorded a provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2012 based on the Company’s projecting annual pre-tax income at that time.

Net loss per share attributable to Vicor Corporation was $(0.12) for the first quarter of 2013, compared to basic and diluted income per share of $0.01 for the first quarter of 2012.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At March 31, 2013, the Company had $71,403,000 in cash and cash equivalents. The ratio of current assets to current liabilities was 7.1:1 as of March 31, 2013 and 8.3:1 as of December 31, 2012. Working capital decreased $17,569,000 to $110,929,000 as of March 31, 2013 from $128,498,000 as of December 31, 2012.

The primary working capital changes were due to the following (in thousands):