Village Bank & Trust Financial Corp. - Quarter Report: 2020 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission file number: 0-50765

VILLAGE BANK AND TRUST FINANCIAL CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia	16-1694602
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

13319 Midlothian Turnpike, Midlothian, Virginia	23113
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip code)

804-897-3900

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $4.00 per share	VBFC	Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ¨	Accelerated Filer ¨
Non-Accelerated Filer x	Smaller Reporting Company x
Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity, as of the latest practicable date.

1,453,759 shares of common stock, $4.00 par value, outstanding as of April 30, 2020

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp.

Form 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I – Financial Information	3

Item 1. Financial Statements	3

Consolidated Balance Sheets
March 31, 2020 (unaudited) and December 31, 2019	3

Consolidated Statements of Income
For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	4

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	5

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	7

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	38

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	53

Item 4. Controls and Procedures	53

Part II – Other Information	54

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	54

Item 1A. Risk Factors	54

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	54

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	55

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	55

Item 5. Other Information	55

Item 6. Exhibits	56

Signatures	57

Part I – Financial Information

ITEM 1 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Balance Sheets

March 31, 2020 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2019*

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

	March 31,			December 31,
	2020			2019
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	23,613		$	19,967
Federal funds sold		24,365			-
Total cash and cash equivalents		47,978			19,967
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value		39,081			46,937
Restricted stock, at cost		2,355			2,035
Loans held for sale, at fair value		17,219			12,722
Loans
Outstandings		435,234			429,295
Allowance for loan losses		(3,444	)		(3,186	)
Deferred fees and costs, net		704			764
Total loans, net		432,494			426,873
Other real estate owned, net of valuation allowance		526			526
Assets held for sale		514			514
Premises and equipment, net		11,929			12,036
Bank owned life insurance		7,657			7,612
Accrued interest receivable		2,578			2,597
Other assets		7,874			8,494

Total Assets	$	570,205		$	540,313

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Liabilities
Deposits
Noninterest bearing demand	$	139,660		$	131,228
Interest bearing		329,183			311,980
Total deposits		468,843			443,208
Federal Home Loan Bank advances		36,000			29,000
Long-term debt - trust preferred securities		8,764			8,764
Subordinated debt, net		5,604			5,595
Other borrowings		-			5,317
Accrued interest payable		214			221
Other liabilities		6,618			5,294
Total liabilities		526,043			497,399

Shareholders' equity
Common stock, $4 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized;
1,453,759 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and 1,453,009 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019		5,779			5,779
Additional paid-in capital		54,339			54,285
Accumulated deficit		(16,394	)		(17,292	)
Common stock warrant		-			-
Stock in directors rabbi trust		(771	)		(856	)
Directors deferred fees obligation		771			856
Accumulated other comprehensive income		438			142
Total shareholders' equity		44,162			42,914

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	570,205		$	540,313

* Derived from audited consolidated financial statements

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Income

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended
	2020		2019
Interest income
Loans	$	5,369	$	5,365
Investment securities		270		293
Federal funds sold		45		51
Total interest income		5,684		5,709

Interest expense
Deposits		900		882
Borrowed funds		357		361
Total interest expense		1,257		1,243

Net interest income		4,427		4,466
Provision for loan losses		400		-
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		4,027		4,466

Noninterest income
Service charges and fees		518		458
Mortgage banking income, net		1,370		787
Gain on sale of investment securities		12		101
Gain on sale of Small Business Administration loans		86		92
Other		74		80
Total noninterest income		2,060		1,518

Noninterest expense
Salaries and benefits		3,022		2,936
Occupancy		326		349
Equipment		200		226
Supplies		38		41
Professional and outside services		716		809
Advertising and marketing		78		58
Foreclosed assets, net		-		1
FDIC insurance premium		60		90
Other operating expense		510		489
Total noninterest expense		4,950		4,999

Income before income tax expense		1,137		985
Income tax expense		239		176

Net income	$	898	$	809

Earnings per share, basic	$	0.62	$	0.56
Earnings per share, diluted	$	0.62	$	0.56

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Three Months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2020			2019
Net income	$	898		$	809
Other comprehensive income
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period		384			510
Tax effect		(81	)		(107	)
Net change in unrealized holding gains on securities available for sale, net of tax		303			403

Reclassification adjustment
Reclassification adjustment for gains realized in income		(12	)		(101	)
Tax effect		3			21
Reclassification for gains included in net income, net of tax		(9	)		(80	)

Minimum pension adjustment		3			3
Tax effect		(1	)		(1	)
Minimum pension adjustment, net of tax		2			2


Total other comprehensive income		296			325

Total comprehensive income	$	1,194		$	1,134

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

														Directors			Accumulated
			Additional						Common		Stock in			Deferred			Other
	Common		Paid-in			Accumulated			Stock		Directors			Fees			Comprehensive
	Stock		Capital			Deficit			Warrant		Rabbi Trust			Obligation			Income			Total
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	5,779	$	54,285		$	(17,292	)	$	-	$	(856	)	$	856		$	142		$	42,914

Restricted stock redemption		-		-			-			-		85			(85	)		-			-
Vesting of restricted stock		-		-			-			-		-			-			-			-
Stock based compensation		-		54			-			-		-			-			-			54
Net income		-		-			898			-		-			-			-			898
Other comprehensive income		-		-			-			-		-			-			296			296
Balance, March 31, 2020		5,779		54,339			(16,394	)		-		(771	)		771			438			44,162

Balance, December 31, 2018	$	5,707	$	53,212		$	(21,769	)	$	732	$	(883	)	$	883		$	(749	)	$	37,133

Restricted stock redemption		-		-			-			-		27			(27	)		-			-
Vesting of restricted stock		13		(13	)		-			-		-			-			-			-
Stock based compensation		-		46			-			-		-			-			-			46
Net income		-		-			809			-		-			-			-			809
Other comprehensive income		-		-			-			-		-			-			325			325
Balance, March 31, 2019	$	5,720	$	53,245		$	(20,960	)	$	732	$	(856	)	$	856		$	(424	)	$	38,313

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	2020			2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	898		$	809
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		149			268
Amortization of debt issuance costs		9			8
Deferred income taxes		239			-
Provision for loan losses		400			177
(Gain) loss on sale of investment securities		(12	)		(101	)
Gain on sales of loans held for sale		(2,084	)		(928	)
Stock compensation expense		54			46
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans		51,959			30,310
Origination of mortgage loans held for sale		(54,372	)		(28,472	)
Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on securities, net		67			31
Increase in bank owned life insurance		(45	)		(37	)
Net change in:
Interest receivable		19			(67	)
Other assets		307			(1,152	)
Interest payable		(7	)		20
Other liabilities		1,324			1,847
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities		(1,095	)		2,759

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchases of available for sale securities		(1,013	)		(4,632	)
Proceeds from the sale of available for sale securities		7,936			6,491
Proceeds from maturities, calls and paydowns of available for sale securities		1,248			1,038
Net increase in loans		(6,021	)		(3,428	)
Purchases of premises and equipment, net		(42	)		(184	)
Purchase of restricted stock		(320	)		(34	)
Net cash provided by (used in) by investing activities		1,788			(749	)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net increase in deposits		25,635			4,353
Net increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advances		7,000			-
Net decrease in other borrowings		(5,317	)		-
Net cash provided by financing activities		27,318			4,353

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		28,011			6,363
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		19,967			19,543

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	47,978		$	25,906

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Cash payments for interest	$	1,264		$	1,223
Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Activities
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale	$	370		$	409
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	-		$	1,405
Minimum pension adjustment	$	3		$	3

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited)

Note 1 – Principles of presentation

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. (the “Company”) is the holding company of Village Bank (the “Bank”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank and the Bank’s subsidiary, Village Bank Mortgage Corporation. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared on the accrual basis in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. However, all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The results of operations for the three month period ended March 31, 2020 is not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2020. The unaudited interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes to financial statements that are presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Note 2 – Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheets and statements of income for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include the determination of the allowance for loan losses and its related provision including impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), the valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset, valuation of other real estate owned (“OREO”) and the estimate of the fair value of assets held for sale.

Note 3 – Earnings per common share

The following table presents the basic and diluted earnings per common share computation (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Numerator
Net income - basic and diluted	$	898	$	809

Denominator
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		1,454		1,435
Dilutive effect of common stock options		-		-

Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		1,454		1,435

Earnings per share - basic	$	0.62	$	0.56
Earnings per share - diluted	$	0.62	$	0.56

Applicable guidance requires that outstanding, unvested share-based payment awards that contain voting rights and rights to nonforfeitable dividends participate in undistributed earnings with common shareholders. Accordingly, the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock used in the calculation of basic and diluted net income per common share includes unvested shares of the Company’s outstanding restricted common stock.

The vesting of 4,155 and 8,650 at March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, of the unvested restricted units included in Note 11 “Stock incentive plan” was dependent upon meeting certain performance criteria. As of March 31, 2020 and 2019, it was indeterminable whether these unvested restricted units would vest and as such the underlying shares were excluded from common shares issued and outstanding at such date and were not included in the computation of earnings per share for such period.

Outstanding options and warrants to purchase common stock were considered in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the periods presented. Stock options for 514 and 578 shares were not included in computing diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, because their effects were anti-dilutive. Additionally, the impact of the warrant to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock in connection with the Company’s participation in the Troubled Asset Relief Program is not included for the period ended March 31, 2019, as the warrant was anti-dilutive. The warrant expired on May 1, 2019 and as such was not included in the period ended March 31, 2020.

Note 4 – Investment securities available for sale

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities available for sale as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value
March 31, 2020
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	12,706	$	154	$	(3	)	$	12,857
Mortgage-backed securities		17,989		631		-			18,620
Subordinated debt		7,779		43		(218	)		7,604

	$	38,474	$	828	$	(221	)	$	39,081

December 31, 2019
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	14,797	$	57	$	(9	)	$	14,845
Mortgage-backed securities		25,124		204		(26	)		25,302
Subordinated debt		6,779		91		(80	)		6,790

	$	46,700	$	352	$	(115	)	$	46,937

At March 31, 2020 the Company had investment securities with a fair value of approximately $6,196,000 pledged to secure borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”). At December 31, 2019, the Company had no investment securities pledged to secure borrowings from the FHLB.

Gross realized gains and losses pertaining to available for sale securities are detailed as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months
	Ended March 31,
	2020			2019
Gross realized gains	$	39		$	101
Gross realized losses		(27	)		-

	$	12		$	101

The Company sold approximately $7,900,000 and $6,500,000 in 2020 and 2019, respectively, of investment securities available for sale at a net gain of $12,000 in 2020 and $101,000 in 2019. The sales of these securities, which had fixed interest rates, allowed the Company to decrease its exposure to upward movement in interest rates that would result in unrealized losses being recognized in shareholders’ equity.

Investment securities available for sale that have an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are detailed below (in thousands):

	Securities in a loss					Securities in a loss
	position for less than					position for more than
	12 Months					12 Months					Total
	Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses			Value		Losses			Value		Losses
March 31, 2020
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	-	$	-		$	1,201	$	(3	)	$	1,201	$	(3	)
Subordinated debt		4,344		(136	)		418		(82	)		4,762		(218	)

	$	4,344	$	(136	)	$	1,619	$	(85	)	$	5,963	$	(221	)

December 31, 2019
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	2,001	$	(1	)	$	5,368	$	(8	)	$	7,369	$	(9	)
Mortgage-backed securities		2,747		(26	)		-		-			2,747		(26	)
Subordinated debt		759		(6	)		940		(74	)		1,699		(80	)

	$	5,507	$	(33	)	$	6,308	$	(82	)	$	11,815	$	(115	)

As of March 31, 2020, there were $1.6 million, or six issues, of individual available for sale securities that had been in a continuous loss position for more than 12 months. These securities had an unrealized loss of $85,000 and consisted of U.S. Government agency obligations, and subordinated debt.

All of the unrealized losses are attributable to movements in interest rates and not to credit deterioration. Currently, the Company believes that it is probable that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the investments. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not to credit quality, and because it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other than temporarily impaired at March 31, 2020.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities available for sale as of March 31, 2020, by contractual maturity, are as follows (in thousands):

	Amortized
	Cost		Fair Value
Less than one year	$	6,208	$	6,257
One to five years		4,489		4,557
Five to ten years		10,114		9,989
More than ten years		17,663		18,278

Total	$	38,474	$	39,081

Note 5 – Loans and allowance for loan losses

Loans classified by type as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Amount			%			Amount			%
Construction and land development
Residential	$	8,143			1.87	%	$	7,887			1.84	%
Commercial		24,027			5.52	%		24,063			5.60	%
		32,170			7.39	%		31,950			7.44	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		103,210			23.71	%		98,353			22.91	%
Non-owner occupied		115,278			26.49	%		116,508			27.14	%
Multifamily		14,046			3.23	%		13,332			3.10	%
Farmland		150			0.03	%		156			0.04	%
		232,684			53.46	%		228,349			53.19	%
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		20,590			4.73	%		21,509			5.01	%
Secured by 1-4 family residential,
First deed of trust		57,352			13.18	%		55,856			13.01	%
Second deed of trust		11,348			2.61	%		10,411			2.43	%
		89,290			20.52	%		87,776			20.45	%
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		45,838			10.53	%		45,074			10.50	%
Guaranteed student loans		32,251			7.41	%		33,525			7.81	%
Consumer and other		3,001			0.69	%		2,621			0.60	%

Total loans		435,234			100.0	%		429,295			100.0	%
Deferred fees and costs, net		704						764
Less: allowance for loan losses		(3,444	)					(3,186	)

	$	432,494					$	426,873

The Bank has a purchased portfolio of rehabilitated student loans guaranteed by the Department of Education (“DOE”). The guarantee covers approximately 98% of principal and accrued interest. The loans are serviced by a third-party servicer that specializes in handling the special needs of the DOE student loan programs.

Loans pledged as collateral with the FHLB as part of their lending arrangement with the Company totaled $49,013,000 and $49,736,000 as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due as long as the remaining recorded investment in the loan is deemed fully collectible. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

The following table provides information on nonaccrual loans segregated by type at the dates indicated (in thousands):


	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	$	-	$	497
		-		497
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		300		300
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		745		842
Second deed of trust		62		63
		1,107		1,205
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		210		166

Total loans	$	1,317	$	1,868

The Company assigns risk rating classifications to its loans. These risk ratings are divided into the following groups:

·	Risk rated 1 to 4 loans are considered of sufficient quality to preclude an adverse rating. These assets generally are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the asset or underlying collateral;
·	Risk rated 5 loans are defined as having potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention;
·	Risk rated 6 loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any; and
·	Risk rated 7 loans have all the weaknesses inherent in substandard loans, with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

The following tables provide information on the risk rating of loans at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Total
	1-4		5		6		7		Loans
March 31, 2020
Construction and land development
Residential	$	7,825	$	318	$	-	$	-	$	8,143
Commercial		23,542		185		300		-		24,027
		31,367		503		300		-		32,170
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		92,362		8,759		2,089		-		103,210
Non-owner occupied		114,560		226		492		-		115,278
Multifamily		13,903		143		-		-		14,046
Farmland		150		-		-		-		150
		220,975		9,128		2,581		-		232,684
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		19,585		705		300		-		20,590
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		54,634		1,594		1,124		-		57,352
Second deed of trust		11,136		13		199		-		11,348
		85,355		2,312		1,623		-		89,290
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		44,026		1,301		511		-		45,838
Guaranteed student loans		32,251		-		-		-		32,251
Consumer and other		2,954		47		-		-		3,001

Total loans	$	416,928	$	13,291	$	5,015	$	-	$	435,234

	Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Total
	1-4		5		6		7		Loans
December 31, 2019
Construction and land development
Residential	$	7,887	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	7,887
Commercial		23,758		-		305		-		24,063
		31,645		-		305		-		31,950
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		90,146		8,072		135		-		98,353
Non-owner occupied		115,781		230		497		-		116,508
Multifamily		13,186		146		-		-		13,332
Farmland		71		85		-		-		156
		219,184		8,533		632		-		228,349
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		20,486		723		300		-		21,509
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		53,200		1,660		996		-		55,856
Second deed of trust		10,130		167		114		-		10,411
		83,816		2,550		1,410		-		87,776
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		41,837		2,891		346		-		45,074
Guaranteed student loans		33,525		-		-		-		33,525
Consumer and other		2,621		-		-		-		2,621

Total loans	$	412,628	$	13,974	$	2,693	$	-	$	429,295

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans and leases as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

													Recorded
					Greater								Investment >
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Than		Total Past				Total		90 Days and
	Past Due		Past Due		90 Days		Due		Current		Loans		Accruing
March 31, 2020
Construction and land development
Residential	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	8,143	$	8,143	$	-
Commercial		-		-		-		-		24,027		24,027		-
		-		-		-		-		32,170		32,170		-
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		758		-		-		758		102,452		103,210		-
Non-owner occupied		-		-		-		-		115,278		115,278		-
Multifamily		-		-		-		-		14,046		14,046		-
Farmland		-		-		-		-		150		150		-
		758		-		-		758		231,926		232,684		-
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		120		-		-		120		20,470		20,590		-
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		227		217		-		444		56,908		57,352		-
Second deed of trust		49		-		-		49		11,299		11,348		-
		396		217		-		613		88,677		89,290		-
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		417		427		-		844		44,994		45,838		-
Guaranteed student loans		1,929		652		2,765		5,346		26,905		32,251		2,765
Consumer and other		-		4		-		4		2,997		3,001		-

Total loans	$	3,500	$	1,300	$	2,765	$	7,565	$	427,669	$	435,234	$	2,765

													Recorded
					Greater								Investment >
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Than		Total Past				Total		90 Days and
	Past Due		Past Due		90 Days		Due		Current		Loans		Accruing
December 31, 2019
Construction and land development
Residential	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	7,887	$	7,887	$	-
Commercial		-		-		-		-		24,063		24,063		-
		-		-		-		-		31,950		31,950		-
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		701		-		-		701		97,652		98,353		-
Non-owner occupied		-		-		-		-		116,508		116,508		-
Multifamily		-		-		-		-		13,332		13,332		-
Farmland		-		-		-		-		156		156		-
		701		-		-		701		227,648		228,349		-
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		52		-		-		52		21,457		21,509		-
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		290		-		-		290		55,566		55,856		-
Second deed of trust		133		-		-		133		10,278		10,411		-
		475		-		-		475		87,301		87,776		-
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		773		-		-		773		44,301		45,074		-
Guaranteed student loans		1,694		1,309		2,567		5,570		27,955		33,525		2,567
Consumer and other		4		-		-		4		2,617		2,621		-

Total loans	$	3,647	$	1,309	$	2,567	$	7,523	$	421,772	$	429,295	$	2,567

Loans greater than 90 days past due are student loans that are guaranteed by the DOE which covers approximately 98% of the principal and interest. Accordingly, these loans will not be placed on nonaccrual status and are not considered to be impaired.

Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts when due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. Loans evaluated individually for impairment include non-performing loans, such as loans on non-accrual, loans past due by 90 days or more, restructured loans and other loans selected by management. The evaluations are based upon discounted expected cash flows or collateral valuations. If the evaluation shows that a loan is individually impaired, then a specific reserve is established for the amount of impairment. Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature and on an individual loan basis for other loans. If a loan is impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary, so that the loan is reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible.

Impaired loans are set forth in the following table as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
			Unpaid						Unpaid
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded		Principal		Related
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment		Balance		Allowance
With no related allowance recorded
Construction and land development
Commercial	$	300	$	300	$	-	$	337	$	337	$	-
		300		300		-		337		337		-
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		2,582		2,597		-		2,089		2,104		-
Non-owner occupied		2,128		2,128		-		2,304		2,304		-
		4,710		4,725		-		4,393		4,408		-
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		300		300		-		300		300		-
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		2,128		2,128		-		1,752		1,774		-
Second deed of trust		904		1,112		-		752		960		-
		3,332		3,540		-		2,804		3,034		-
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		161		161		-		211		373		-
		8,503		8,726		-		7,745		8,152		-

With an allowance recorded
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		1,403		1,403		13		1,414		1,414		15
		1,403		1,403		13		1,414		1,414		15
Consumer real estate
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		77		77		9		78		78		9
		77		77		9		78		78		9
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		180		342		48		135		334		135
		1,660		1,822		70		1,627		1,826		159

Total
Construction and land development
Commercial		300		300		-		337		337		-
		300		300		-		337		337		-
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		3,985		4,000		13		3,503		3,518		15
Non-owner occupied		2,128		2,128		-		2,304		2,304		-
		6,113		6,128		13		5,807		5,822		15
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		300		300		-		300		300		-
Secured by 1-4 family residential,
First deed of trust		2,205		2,205		9		1,830		1,852		9
Second deed of trust		904		1,112		-		752		960		-
		3,409		3,617		9		2,882		3,112		9
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		341		503		48		346		707		135
	$	10,163	$	10,548	$	70	$	9,372	$	9,978	$	159

The following is a summary of average recorded investment in impaired loans with and without a valuation allowance and interest income recognized on those loans for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020				2019
	Average		Interest		Average		Interest
	Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income
	Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized
With no related allowance recorded
Construction and land development
Residential	$	-	$	-	$	267	$	-
Commercial		315		-		475		-
		315		-		742		-
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		2,696		29		3,460		42
Non-owner occupied		2,324		32		2,597		23
		5,020		61		6,057		65
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		363		4		550		-
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		2,072		19		2,972		42
Second deed of trust		740		14		704		13
		3,175		37		4,226		55
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		646		-		477		8
Consumer and other		1		-		1		-
		9,157		98		11,503		128

With an allowance recorded
Construction and land development
Commercial		-		-		26		-
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		1,420		15		1,461		15
		1,420		15		1,461		15
Consumer real estate
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		136		1		262		3
Second deed of trust		78		-		162		2
		214		1		424		5
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		162		6		176		-
Consumer and other		4		-		14		-
		1,800		22		2,101		20

Total
Construction and land development
Residential	$	-	$	-	$	267	$	-
Commercial		315		-		501		-
		315		-		768		-
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		4,116		44		4,921		57
Non-owner occupied		2,324		32		2,597		23
		6,440		76		7,518		80
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		363		4		550		-
Secured by 1-4 family residential,
First deed of trust		2,208		20		3,234		45
Second deed of trust		818		14		866		15
		3,389		38		4,650		60
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		808		6		653		8
Consumer and other		5		-		15		-
	$	10,957	$	120	$	13,604	$	148

Included in impaired loans are loans classified as TDRs. A modification of a loan’s terms constitutes a TDR if the creditor grants a concession to the borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties that it would not otherwise consider. For loans classified as impaired TDRs, the Company further evaluates the loans as performing or nonaccrual. To restore a nonaccrual loan that has been formally restructured in a TDR to accrual status, we perform a current, well documented credit analysis supporting a return to accrual status based on the borrower’s financial condition and prospects for repayment under the revised terms. Otherwise, the TDR must remain in nonaccrual status. The analysis considers the borrower’s sustained historical repayment performance for a reasonable period to the return-to-accrual date, but may take into account payments made for a reasonable period prior to the restructuring if the payments are consistent with the modified terms. A sustained period of repayment performance generally would be a minimum of six months and would involve payments in the form of cash or cash equivalents.

An accruing loan that is modified in a TDR can remain in accrual status if, based on a current well-documented credit analysis, collection of principal and interest in accordance with the modified terms is reasonably assured, and the borrower has demonstrated sustained historical repayment performance for a reasonable period before modification. The following is a summary of performing and nonaccrual TDRs and the related specific valuation allowance by portfolio segment for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands).

							Specific
							Valuation
	Total		Performing		Nonaccrual		Allowance
March 31, 2020
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	$	3,462	$	3,462	$	-	$	13
Non-owner occupied		2,128		2,128		-		-
		5,590		5,590		-		13
Consumer real estate
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deeds of trust		1,630		1,128		502		9
Second deeds of trust		816		754		62		-
		2,446		1,882		564		9
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		210		-		210		48
	$	8,246	$	7,472	$	774	$	70

Number of loans		37		28		9		4

							Specific
							Valuation
	Total		Performing		Nonaccrual		Allowance
December 31, 2019
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	$	3,502	$	3,502	$	-	$	15
Non-owner occupied		2,304		1,807		497		-
		5,806		5,309		497		15
Consumer real estate
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deeds of trust		1,641		881		760		9
Second deeds of trust		752		689		63		-
		2,393		1,570		823		9
Commercial and industrial loans (except those secured by real estate)		211		180		31		-
	$	8,410	$	7,059	$	1,351	$	24

Number of loans		38		29		9		3

The following table provides information about TDRs identified during the indicated periods (dollars in thousands).

	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020						March 31, 2019
			Pre-		Post-				Pre-		Post-
			Modification		Modification				Modification		Modification
	Number of		Recorded		Recorded		Number of		Recorded		Recorded
	Loans		Balance		Balance		Loans		Balance		Balance
Commercial real estate
Non-owner occupied		-	$	-	$	-		1	$	515	$	515
		-	$	-	$	-		1	$	515	$	515

There were no defaults on TDRs that were modified as TDRs during the prior twelve month period ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Activity in the allowance for loan losses is as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

			Provision for
	Beginning		(Recovery of)								Ending
	Balance		Loan Losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Balance
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Construction and land development
Residential	$	48	$	170		$	-		$	1	$	219
Commercial		137		133			-			-		270
		185		303			-			1		489
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		671		188			-			-		859
Non-owner occupied		831		227			-			-		1,058
Multifamily		85		(17	)		-			-		68
Farmland		2		(1	)		-			-		1
		1,589		397			-			-		1,986
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		271		(231	)		-			-		40
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		343		(189	)		-			3		157
Second deed of trust		64		8			-			4		76
		678		(412	)		-			7		273
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		572		(31	)		(135	)		3		409
Student loans		108		16			(20	)		-		104
Consumer and other		30		9			(1	)		3		41
Unallocated		24		118			-			-		142

	$	3,186	$	400		$	(156	)	$	14	$	3,444

			Provision for
	Beginning		(Recovery of)								Ending
	Balance		Loan Losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Balance
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Construction and land development
Residential	$	42	$	3		$	-		$	1	$	46
Commercial		220		(48	)		-			1		173
		262		(45	)		-			2		219
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		673		37			-			-		710
Non-owner occupied		673		19			-			-		692
Multifamily		87		1			-			-		88
Farmland		2		-			-			-		2
		1,435		57			-			-		1,492
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		244		(10	)		-			6		240
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		385		8			-			2		395
Second deed of trust		51		2			-			4		57
		680		-			-			12		692
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		308		48			(15	)		11		352
Student loans		121		33			(33	)		-		121
Consumer and other		34		(3	)		(2	)		1		30
Unallocated		211		(90	)		-			-		121

	$	3,051	$	-		$	(50	)	$	26	$	3,027

			Provision for
	Beginning		(Recovery of)								Ending
	Balance		Loan Losses			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Balance
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Construction and land development
Residential	$	42	$	(1	)	$	-		$	7	$	48
Commercial		220		(85	)		-			2		137
		262		(86	)		-			9		185
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		673		(2	)		-			-		671
Non-owner occupied		673		158			-			-		831
Multifamily		87		(2	)		-			-		85
Farmland		2		-			-			-		2
		1,435		154			-			-		1,589
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		244		50			(35	)		12		271
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		385		(56	)		-			14		343
Second deed of trust		51		(56	)		-			69		64
		680		(62	)		(35	)		95		678
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		308		239			(64	)		89		572
Student loans		121		80			(93	)		-		108
Consumer and other		34		(3	)		(26	)		25		30
Unallocated		211		(187	)		-			-		24

	$	3,051	$	135		$	(218	)	$	218	$	3,186

The amount of the loan loss provision (recovery) is determined by an evaluation of the level of loans outstanding, the level of nonperforming loans, historical loan loss experience, delinquency trends, underlying collateral values, the amount of actual losses charged to the reserve in a given period and assessment of present and anticipated economic conditions.

The level of the allowance reflects changes in the size of the portfolio or in any of its components as well as management’s continuing evaluation of industry concentrations, specific credit risk, loan loss experience, current loan portfolio quality, and present economic, political and regulatory conditions. Portions of the allowance may be allocated for specific credits; however, the entire allowance is available for any credit that, in management’s judgement, should be charged off. While management utilizes its best judgement and information available, the ultimate adequacy of the allowance is dependent upon a variety of factors beyond the Company’s control, including the performance of the Company’s loan portfolio, the economy, changes in interest rates and the view of the regulatory authorities toward loan classifications.

The allowance for loan losses at each of the periods presented includes an amount that could not be identified to individual types of loans referred to as the unallocated portion of the allowance. We recognize the inherent imprecision in estimates of losses due to various uncertainties and the variability related to the factors used in calculation of the allowance. The allowance for loan losses included an unallocated portion of approximately $142,000, $24,000, and $121,000 at March 31, 2020, December 31, 2019, and March 31, 2019, respectively.

Loans were evaluated for impairment as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Recorded Investment in Loans
	Allowance								Loans
	Ending						Ending
	Balance		Individually		Collectively		Balance		Individually		Collectively
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Construction and land development
Residential	$	219	$	-	$	219	$	8,143	$	-	$	8,143
Commercial		270		-		270		24,027		300		23,727
		489		-		489		32,170		300		31,870
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		859		13		846		103,210		3,985		99,225
Non-owner occupied		1,058		-		1,058		115,278		2,128		113,150
Multifamily		68		-		68		14,046		-		14,046
Farmland		1		-		1		150		-		150
		1,986		13		1,973		232,684		6,113		226,571
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		40		-		40		20,590		300		20,290
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		157		9		148		57,352		2,205		55,147
Second deed of trust		76		-		76		11,348		904		10,444
		273		9		264		89,290		3,409		85,881
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		409		48		361		45,838		341		45,497
Student loans		104		-		104		32,251		-		32,251
Consumer and other		183		-		183		3,001		-		3,001

	$	3,444	$	70	$	3,374	$	435,234	$	10,163	$	425,071

Year Ended December 31, 2019
Construction and land development
Residential	$	48	$	-	$	48	$	7,887	$	-	$	7,887
Commercial		137		-		137		24,063		337		23,726
		185		-		185		31,950		337		31,613
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		671		15		656		98,353		3,503		94,850
Non-owner occupied		831		-		831		116,508		2,304		114,204
Multifamily		85		-		85		13,332		-		13,332
Farmland		2		-		2		156		-		156
		1,589		15		1,574		228,349		5,807		222,542
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		271		-		271		21,509		300		21,209
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		343		9		334		55,856		1,830		54,026
Second deed of trust		64		-		64		10,411		752		9,659
		678		9		669		87,776		2,882		84,894
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		572		135		437		45,074		346		44,728
Student loans		108		-		108		33,525		-		33,525
Consumer and other		54		-		54		2,621		-		2,621

	$	3,186	$	159	$	3,027	$	429,295	$	9,372	$	419,923

Note 6 – Deposits

Deposits as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020					December 31, 2019
	Amount		%			Amount		%

Checking accounts
Noninterest bearing demand		139,660		29.8	%	$	131,228		29.6	%
Interest bearing		51,008		10.9	%		48,428		10.9	%
Money market accounts		114,461		24.4	%		99,955		22.6	%
Savings accounts		26,618		5.7	%		26,396		6.0	%
Time deposits of $250,000 and over		24,535		5.2	%		22,327		5.0	%
Other time deposits		112,561		24.0	%		114,874		25.9	%

Total	$	468,843		100.0	%	$	443,208		100.0	%

Note 7 – Borrowings

The Company uses both short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits when they are available at a lower overall cost to the Company or they can be invested at a positive rate of return.

As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta, the Bank is required to own capital stock in the FHLB and is authorized to apply for advances from the FHLB. The Company held $2,014,000 in FHLB stock at March 31, 2020 and $1,694,000 at December 31, 2019, which is held at cost. Each FHLB credit program has its own interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, and range of maturities. The FHLB may prescribe the acceptable uses to which the advances may be put, as well as on the size of the advances and repayment provisions. The FHLB borrowings are secured by the pledge of commercial, 1-4 family residential loans and investment securities. The Company had FHLB advances of $36,000,000 and $29,000,000 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, maturing through 2023.

The Company uses federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements for short-term borrowing needs. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are classified as borrowings and generally mature within one to four days from the transaction date. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are reflected at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction. The Company may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. The carrying value of these short term borrowing agreements was $5,317,000 at December 31, 2019. There were no borrowings against the lines at March 31, 2020.

The Company’s unused lines of credit for future borrowings total approximately $49 million at March 31, 2020, which consists of $6.2 million available from the FHLB, $10 million on revolving bank line of credit, $7.8 million under secured federal funds agreements with third party financial institutions, and $25 million in repurchase lines of credit with third party financial institutions. Additional loans and securities are available that can be pledged as collateral for future borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond or the FHLB above the current lendable collateral value.

Note 8 – Leases

The following tables present information about the Company’s leases (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020
Lease liabilities	$	928
Right-of-use assets	$	915
Weighted average remaining lease term		4.04 years
Weighted average discount rate		2.98	%

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	107
Total lease cost	$	107

A maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the total of operating lease liabilities is as follows (dollars in thousands):

	As of
	March 31, 2020
Lease payments due
Nine months ending December 31, 2020		310
Twelve months ending December 31, 2021		277
Twelve months ending December 31, 2022		120
Twelve months ending December 31, 2023		44
Twelve months ending December 31, 2024		48
Thereafter		203
Total undiscounted cash flows	$	1,002
Discount		74
Lease liabilities	$	928

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $106,000 and $103,000, respectively. The Company recognized lease expense of $107,000 and $103,000 for the three month period ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Note 9 – Trust preferred securities

During the first quarter of 2005, Southern Community Financial Capital Trust I, a wholly-owned unconsolidated subsidiary of the Company, was formed for the purpose of issuing redeemable securities. On February 24, 2005, $5.2 million of Trust Preferred Capital Notes were issued through a pooled underwriting. The securities have a LIBOR-indexed floating rate of interest (three-month LIBOR plus 2.15%) which adjusts, and is payable, quarterly. The interest rate at March 31, 2020 was 3.25%. The securities were redeemable at par beginning on March 15, 2010 and each quarter after such date until the securities mature on March 15, 2035. No amounts have been redeemed at March 31, 2020 and there are no plans to do so. The principal asset of the Trust is $5.2 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debt securities with like maturities and like interest rates to the Trust Preferred Capital Notes.

During the third quarter of 2007, Village Financial Statutory Trust II, a wholly-owned unconsolidated subsidiary of the Company, was formed for the purpose of issuing redeemable securities. On September 20, 2007, $3.6 million of Trust Preferred Capital Notes were issued through a pooled underwriting. The securities have LIBOR-indexed floating rate of interest (three-month LIBOR plus 1.4%) which adjusts, and is also payable, quarterly. The interest rate at March 31, 2020 was 2.50%. The securities may be redeemed at par at any time commencing in December 2012 until the securities mature in 2037. No amounts have been redeemed at March 31, 2020 and there are no plans to do so. The principal asset of the Trust is $3.6 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debt securities with like maturities and like interest rates to the Trust Preferred Capital Notes.

The Trust Preferred Capital Notes may be included in Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital adequacy determination purposes up to 25% of Tier 1 capital after its inclusion. The portion of the Trust Preferred Capital Notes not considered as Tier 1 capital may be included in Tier 2 capital.

The obligations of the Company with respect to the issuance of the Trust Preferred Capital Notes constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the Trust’s obligations with respect to the Trust Preferred Capital Notes. Subject to certain exceptions and limitations, the Company may elect from time to time to defer interest payments on the junior subordinated debt securities, which would result in a deferral of distribution payments on the related Trust Preferred Capital Notes and require a deferral of common dividends. The Company is current on these interest payments.

Note 10 – Subordinated Debt

On March 21, 2018, the Company issued $5,700,000 of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due March 31, 2028 in a private placement. The Company received $5,539,000 in net proceeds after deducting issuance costs. The subordinated notes accrue interest at a fixed rate of 6.50% for the first five years until March 31, 2023; thereafter, the subordinated notes will accrue interest at an annual floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.73% until maturity or early redemption. The Company may redeem the subordinated notes in whole or in part, on or after March 31, 2023. The subordinated notes are unsecured and subordinated in right of payment to all of the Company’s existing and future senior indebtedness, whether secured or unsecured, including claims of depositors and general creditors, and rank equally in right of payment with any unsecured, subordinated indebtedness that the Company may incur in the future. The carrying value of the notes totaled $5,604,000 and $5,595,000 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Note 11 – Stock incentive plan

In accordance with accounting standards, the Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award (with limited exceptions). That cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award rather than disclosed in the financial statements.

The following table summarizes options outstanding under the Company’s stock incentive plans at the indicated dates:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020								2019
			Weighted								Weighted
			Average								Average
			Exercise		Fair Value		Intrinsic				Exercise		Fair Value		Intrinsic
	Options		Price		Per Share		Value		Options		Price		Per Share		Value
Options outstanding,
beginning of period		734	$	25.63	$	9.76				734	$	25.63	$	9.76
Granted		-		-		-				-		-		-
Forfeited		-		-		-				-		-		-
Exercised		-		-		-				-		-		-
Options outstanding,
end of period		734	$	25.63	$	9.76	$	-		734	$	25.63	$	9.76	$	-
Options exercisable,
end of period		734								734

During the first quarter of 2020, we granted certain officers 750 time-based restricted shares of common stock with a weighted average fair market value of $42.99 per share on the date of grant. These restricted stock awards vest ratably over a three-year period provided the officer is employed with the Company on the applicable vesting date.

The total number of shares underlying non-vested restricted stock was 13,060 and 17,646 at March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The fair value of the stock is based on the grant date of the award and the expense is recognized over the vesting period. Unamortized stock-based compensation related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the stock incentive plan as of March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $346,946 and $354,185, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, the time based unrecognized compensation expense of $237,471 is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.32 years. There were no forfeitures for the period ended March 31, 2020. For the period ended March 31, 2019 there were forfeitures of 2,763 shares of restricted stock awards.

A summary of changes in the Company’s non-vested restricted stock awards for the three months ended March 31, 2020 follows:

	Shares		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair-Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
December 31, 2019		12,310	$	33.83	$	311,197
Granted		750		42.99		18,960
Vested		-		-		-
Forefited		-		-		-
Other		-		-		-

March 31, 2020		13,060	$	34.36	$	330,157

Stock-based compensation expense was approximately $54,000 and $46,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Note 12 – Fair value

The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments based on the requirements established in ASC 820: Fair Value Measurements, which provides a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 defines fair value as the exit price, the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date under current market conditions.

ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair values hierarchy is as follows:

	Level 1 Inputs — Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

	Level 2 Inputs — Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

	Level 3 Inputs — Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods to determine the fair value of each type of financial instrument:

Securities: Fair values for securities available-for-sale are obtained from an independent pricing service. The prices are not adjusted. The independent pricing service uses industry-standard models to price U.S. Government agency obligations and mortgage backed securities that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curves, volatility factors, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, current market and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Securities of obligations of state and political subdivisions are valued using a type of matrix, or grid, pricing in which securities are benchmarked against the treasury rate based on credit rating. Substantially all assumptions used by the independent pricing service are observable in the marketplace, can be derived from observable data, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace (Levels 1 and 2). If the inputs used to provide the evaluation for certain securities are unobservable and/or there is little, if any, market activity, then the security would fall to the lowest level of the hierarchy (Level 3).

Impaired loans: The fair values of impaired loans are measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral for collateral-dependent loans on a nonrecurring basis. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the Company’s collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing an income or market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser using observable market data (Level 2). However, if the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction or if an appraisal of the property is more than two years old, then a Level 3 valuation is considered to measure the fair value. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal if deemed significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and account receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Loans held for sale: During the first quarter of 2020, the Company elected to begin using fair value accounting for its entire portfolio of loans held for sale in accordance with ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures. Fair value of the Company's loans held for sale is based on observable market prices for similar instruments traded in the secondary mortgage loan markets in which the Company conducts business. The Company's portfolio of loans held for sale is classified as Level 2. At December 31, 2019, these loans were carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value on an aggregate basis as determined by outstanding commitments from investors. Gains and losses on the sale of loans are recorded within mortgage banking income, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Derivative asset – IRLCs: Beginning with the first quarter of 2020, the Company recognizes IRLCs at fair value based on the price of the underlying loans obtained from an investor for loans that will be delivered on a best efforts basis while taking into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close. All of the Company's IRLCs are classified as Level 2. The fair value of interest rate lock commitments was considered immaterial at December 31, 2019.

Derivative asset/liability – forward sale commitments: During the first quarter of 2020, the Company elected to begin using fair value accounting for its forward sales commitments related to IRLCs and LHFS. Best efforts sale commitments are entered into for loans intended for sale in the secondary market at the time the borrower commitment is made. The best efforts commitments are valued using the committed price to the counter-party against the current market price of the interest rate lock commitment or mortgage loan held for sale. All of the Company’s forward sale commitments are classified as Level 2.

Other Real Estate Owned: OREO assets are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequently, OREO assets are carried at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, the Company records the foreclosed asset as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value and there is no observable market price, the Company records the foreclosed asset as nonrecurring Level 3.

Assets held for sale: Assets held for sale were transferred from premises and equipment at the lower of cost less accumulated depreciation or fair value at the date of transfer. The Company periodically evaluates the value of assets held for sale and records an impairment charge for any subsequent declines in fair value less selling costs. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised values of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price or a current appraised value, the Company records the assets held for sale as nonrecurring Level 2. When an appraised value is not available or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value and there is no observable market price, the Company records the asset held for sale as nonrecurring Level 3.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value under Topic 820 on a recurring and non-recurring basis are summarized below for the indicated dates (dollars in thousands):

	Fair Value Measurement
	at March 31, 2020 Using
	Carrying		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Financial Assets - Recurring
US Government Agencies	$	12,857	$	-	$	12,857	$	-
Mortgage-backed securities		18,620		-		18,620		-
Subordinated debt		7,604		500		7,104		-
Loans held for sale		17,219		-		17,219		-
IRLC		728		-		728		-

Financial Liabilities - Recurring
Forward sales commitment		1,188		-		1,188		-

Financial Assets - Non-Recurring
Impaired loans		1,590		-		-		1,590
Assets held for sale		514		-		-		514
Other real estate owned		526		-		-		526

	Fair Value Measurement
	at December 31, 2019 Using
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Financial Assets - Recurring
US Government Agencies	$	14,845	$	-	$	14,845	$	-
Mortgage-backed securities		25,302		-		25,302		-
Subordinated debt		6,790		-		6,540		250

Financial Assets - Non-Recurring
Impaired loans		1,468		-		-		1,468
Assets held for sale		514		-		-		514
Other real estate owned		526		-		-		526

The following table presents qualitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

March 31, 2020

Range

Fair Value

Valuation

Unobservable

(Weighted

Estimate

Techniques

Input

Average)

Impaired loans - real estate secured

1,590

Appraisal (1) or Internal
Valuation (2)

Selling costs

6%-10% (7%)

Discount for lack of

marketability and age

of appraisal

6%-30% (10%)

Assets held for sale

514

Appraisal (1) or Internal
Valuation (2)

Selling costs

6%-10% (7%)

Discount for lack of

marketability and age

of appraisal

6%-30% (15%)

Other real estate owned

526

Appraisal (1) or Internal
Valuation (2)

Selling costs

6%-10% (7%)

(1) Fair Value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally

includes various level 3 inputs which are not identifiable

(2) Internal valuations may be conducted to determine Fair Value for assets with nominal carrying balances

December 31, 2019

Range

Fair Value

Valuation

Unobservable

(Weighted

Estimate

Techniques

Input

Average)

Impaired loans - real estate secured

1,468

Appraisal (1) or Internal
Valuation (2)

Selling costs

6%-10% (7%)

Discount for lack of

marketability and age

of appraisal

6%-30% (10%)

Assets held for sale

514

Appraisal (1) or Internal
Valuation (2)

Selling costs

6%-10% (7%)

Discount for lack of

marketability and age

of appraisal

6%-30% (15%)

Other real estate owned

526

Appraisal (1) or Internal
Valuation (2)

Selling costs

6%-10% (7%)

(1) Fair Value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally

includes various level 3 inputs which are not identifiable

(2) Internal valuations may be conducted to determine Fair Value for assets with nominal carrying balances

FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure about fair value of financial instruments, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not required to be measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. ASC 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company. In accordance with ASU 2016-01, the Company uses the exit price notion, rather than the entry price notion, in calculating the fair values of financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

The following tables reflect the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments whether or not recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value.

		March 31,				December 31,
	Level in Fair	2020				2019
	Value	Carrying		Estimated		Carrying		Estimated
	Hierarchy	Value		Fair Value		Value		Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Financial assets
Cash	Level 1	$	23,613	$	23,613	$	19,967	$	19,967
Cash equivalents	Level 2		24,365		24,365		-		-
Investment securities available for sale	Level 1		500		500		-		-
Investment securities available for sale	Level 2		38,581		38,581		46,687		46,687
Investment securities available for sale	Level 3		-		-		250		250
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	Level 2		2,014		2,014		1,694		1,694
Loans held for sale	Level 2		17,219		17,219		12,722		12,722
Loans	Level 3		433,644		434,392		427,827		429,254
Impaired loans	Level 3		1,590		1,590		1,468		1,468
Assets held for sale	Level 3		514		514		514		514
Other real estate owned	Level 3		526		526		526		526
Bank owned life insurance	Level 3		7,657		7,657		7,612		7,612
Accrued interest receivable	Level 2		2,578		2,578		2,597		2,597
Interest rate lock commitments	Level 2		728		728		-		-

Financial liabilities
Deposits	Level 2		468,843		469,440		443,208		443,645
FHLB borrowings	Level 2		36,000		36,448		29,000		29,285
Trust preferred securities	Level 2		8,764		9,851		8,764		9,812
Other borrowings	Level 2		5,604		5,604		10,912		10,912
Accrued interest payable	Level 2		214		214		221		221
Forward sales commitment	Level 2		1,188		1,188		-		-

Note 13 – Segment Reporting

The Company has two reportable segments: traditional commercial banking and mortgage banking. Revenues from commercial banking operations consist primarily of interest earned on loans and securities and fees from deposit services. Mortgage banking operating revenues consist principally of interest earned on mortgage loans held for sale, gains on sales of loans in the secondary mortgage market, and loan origination fee income.

The commercial banking segment provides the mortgage banking segment with the short-term funds needed to originate mortgage loans through a warehouse line of credit and charges the mortgage banking segment interest based on the commercial banking segment’s cost of funds. Additionally, the mortgage banking segment leases premises from the commercial banking segment. These transactions are eliminated in the consolidation process.

The following table presents segment information as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Commercial		Mortgage					Consolidated
	Banking		Banking		Eliminations			Totals
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

Revenues
Interest income	$	5,590	$	109	$	(15	)	$	5,684
Gain on sale of loans		-		1,624		-			1,624
Other revenues		733		197		(57	)		873
Total revenues		6,323		1,930		(72	)		8,181

Expenses
Provision for loan losses		400		-		-			400
Interest expense		1,257		15		(15	)		1,257
Salaries and benefits		2,208		814		-			3,022
Commissions		-		437		-			437
Other expenses		1,709		276		(57	)		1,928
Total operating expenses		5,574		1,542		(72	)		7,044

Income before income taxes		749		388		-			1,137
Income tax expense		158		81		-			239
Net income	$	591	$	307	$	-		$	898

Total assets	$	570,751	$	12,433	$	(12,979	)	$	570,205

	Commercial		Mortgage						Consolidated
	Banking		Banking			Eliminations			Totals
Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Revenues
Interest income	$	5,646	$	63		$	-		$	5,709
Gain on sale of loans		-		928			-			928
Other revenues		774		112			(57	)		829
Total revenues		6,420		1,103			(57	)		7,466

Expenses
Interest expense		1,243		-			-			1,243
Salaries and benefits		2,200		736			-			2,936
Commissions		-		239			-			239
Other expenses		1,882		238			(57	)		2,063
Total operating expenses		5,325		1,213			(57	)		6,481

Income before income taxes		1,095		(110	)		-			985
Income tax expense		199		(23	)					176
Net income	$	896	$	(87	)	$	-		$	809

Total assets	$	525,782	$	9,892		$	(13,400	)	$	522,274

Note 14 – Shareholders’ Equity and Regulatory Matters

Preferred Stock

On May 1, 2009, as part of the Capital Purchase Program established by the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) under the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, the Company sold (i) 14,738 shares of the Company’s Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, par value $4.00 per share, having a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (the “preferred stock”) and (ii) a warrant (the “Warrant”) to purchase 499,029 shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial exercise price of $4.43 per share, subject to certain anti-dilution and other adjustments, to the Treasury for an aggregate purchase price of $14,738,000 in cash. During the first quarter of 2018, the Company used the proceeds from a subordinated note issuance to redeem the remaining 5,027 outstanding shares of preferred stock plus accrued dividends of $56,554. The Warrant expired on May 1, 2019.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table presents the cumulative balances of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of deferred taxes of $116,000 and $38,000 as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively (in thousands):

	March 31,			December 31,
	2020			2019
Net unrealized gains on securities	$	480		$	186
Net unrecognized losses on defined benefit plan		(42	)		(44	)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income	$	438		$	142

Regulatory Matters

The Company meets the eligibility criteria of a small bank holding company in accordance with the Federal Reserve’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement (the “SBHC Policy Statement”). On August 28, 2018, the Federal Reserve issued an interim final rule required by the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act of 2018, which was signed into law on May 24, 2018 (the “EGRRCPA”), that expands the applicability of the SBHC Policy Statement to bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of less than $3 billion (up from the prior $1 billion threshold). Under the SBHC Policy Statement, qualifying bank holding companies, such as the Company, have additional flexibility in the amount of debt they can issue and are also exempt from the Basel III Capital Rules. The SBHC Policy Statement does not apply to the Bank and the Bank must comply with the Basel III Capital Rules.

The Bank is required to comply with the capital adequacy standards established by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”), in the case of the Company, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), in the case of the Bank. The Federal Reserve and the FDIC have adopted rules to implement the Basel III capital framework as outlined by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act (the “Basel III Capital Rules”). The Basel III Capital Rules implement minimum capital ratios and establish risk weightings that are applied to many classes of assets held by community banks, including applying higher risk weightings to certain commercial real estate loans.

The Basel III Capital Rules require banks to comply with the following minimum capital ratios: (1) a ratio of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer” (effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7%); (2) a ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (effectively resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%); (3) a ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5%); and (4) a leverage ratio of 4%, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to balance sheet exposures plus certain off-balance sheet exposures (computed as the average for each quarter of the month-end ratios for the quarter). The phase-in of the capital conservation buffer requirement began on January 1, 2016, at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, increasing by the same amount each year until it was fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking organizations with a ratio of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. As of March 31, 2020, the Bank exceeded the minimum ratios under the Basel III Capital Rules.

The Bank must also comply with the capital requirements set forth in the “prompt corrective action” regulations pursuant to Section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act of 1950. To be well capitalized under these regulations, a bank must have the following minimum capital ratios: (1) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 6.5%; (2) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 8.0%; (3) a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10.0%; and (4) a leverage ratio of at least 5.0%. As of March 31, 2020, the Bank exceeded the minimum ratios to be classified as well capitalized.

On September 17, 2019, the federal bank regulators issued a final rule required by the EGRRCPA that permits qualifying banks and bank holding companies that have less than $10 billion of assets, like the Company and the Bank, to elect to be subject to a 9% leverage ratio that would be applied using less complex leverage calculations (commonly referred to as the community bank leverage ratio or “CBLR”). Under the rule, which became effective January 1, 2020, banks and bank holding companies that opt into the CBLR framework and maintain a CBLR of greater than 9% would not be subject to other risk-based and leverage capital requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules and would be deemed to have met the well capitalized ratio requirements under the “prompt corrective action” framework. In April 2020, as required by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, which was passed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, federal bank regulators issued two interim final rules related to the CBLR framework. One interim final rule provides that, as of the second quarter of 2020, banking organizations with leverage ratios of 8% or greater (and that meet the other existing qualifying criteria) may elect to use the CBLR framework. It also establishes a two-quarter grace period for qualifying community banking organizations whose leverage ratios fall below the 8% CBLR requirement, so long as the banking organization maintains a leverage ratio of 7% or greater. The second interim final rule provides a transition from the temporary 8% CBLR requirement to a 9% CBLR requirement. It establishes a minimum CBLR of 8% for the second through fourth quarters of 2020, 8.5% for 2021, and 9% thereafter, and maintains a two-quarter grace period for qualifying community banking organizations whose leverage ratios fall no more than 100 basis points below the applicable CBLR requirement. The Bank elected not to opt into the CBLR framework as of March 31, 2020.

The capital amounts and ratios at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 for the Bank are presented in the table below (dollars in thousands):

						For Capital
	Actual					Adequacy Purposes					To be Well Capitalized
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
March 31, 2020
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Village Bank	$	57,746		12.62	%	$	36,620		8.00	%	$	45,775		10.00	%

Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Village Bank		54,302		11.86	%		27,465		6.00	%		36,620		8.00	%

Leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average assets)
Village Bank		54,302		10.10	%		21,515		4.00	%		26,894		5.00	%

Common equity tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Village Bank		54,302		11.86	%		20,599		4.50	%		29,754		6.50	%

December 31, 2019
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Village Bank	$	54,653		12.56	%	$	34,807		8.00	%	$	43,508		10.00	%

Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Village Bank		52,867		12.15	%		26,015		6.00	%		34,807		8.00	%

Leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average assets)
Village Bank		52,867		9.69	%		21,823		4.00	%		27,278		5.00	%

Common equity tier 1 (to risk-weighted assets)
Village Bank		52,867		12.15	%		19,579		4.50	%		28,280		6.50	%

Note 15 – Commitments and contingencies

Off-balance-sheet risk – The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest-rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the financial statements. The contract amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement that the Company has in particular classes of instruments.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit, and to potential credit loss associated with letters of credit issued, is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for loans and other such on-balance sheet instruments.

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had outstanding the following approximate off-balance-sheet financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Undisbursed credit lines	$	93,097	$	83,366
Commitments to extend or originate credit		37,590		15,722
Standby letters of credit		7,007		6,732

Total commitments to extend credit	$	137,694	$	105,820

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. Historically, many commitments expire without being drawn upon; therefore, the total commitment amounts shown in the above table are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, as deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include personal or income-producing commercial real estate, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment.

Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.

Concentrations of credit risk – Generally, the Company’s loans, commitments to extend credit, and standby letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Company’s market area. Although the Company is building a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of its clients’ ability to honor contracts is reliant upon the economic stability of the Richmond, Virginia area, including the real estate markets in the area. The concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note 5. The distribution of commitments to extend credit approximates the distribution of loans outstanding.

Note 16 – Mortgage Banking and Derivatives

Loans held for sale. The Company, through the Bank’s mortgage banking subsidiary, the Mortgage Company, originates residential mortgage loans for sale in the secondary market. Residential mortgage loans held for sale are sold to the permanent investor with the mortgage servicing rights released. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company elected to begin using fair value accounting for its entire portfolio of loans held for sale (LHFS) in accordance with ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures. Fair value of the Company’s LHFS is based on observable market prices for the identical instruments traded in the secondary mortgage loan markets in which the Company conducts business and totaled $17.2 million as of March 31, 2020, of which $16.8 million is related to unpaid principal. The Company’s portfolio of LHFS is classified as Level 2. These loans were previously carried as of December 31, 2019 at the lower of cost or estimated fair value on an aggregate basis as determined by outstanding commitments from investors and totaled $12.7 million.

Interest Rate Lock Commitments and Forward Sales Commitments. The Company, through the Mortgage Company, enters into commitments to originate residential mortgage loans in which the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding, termed interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs). Such rate lock commitments on mortgage loans to be sold in the secondary market are considered to be derivatives. Upon entering into a commitment to originate a loan, the Company protects itself from changes in interest rates during the period prior to sale by requiring a firm purchase agreement from a permanent investor before a loan can be closed (forward sales commitment). The Company locks in the loan and rate with an investor and commits to deliver the loan if settlement occurs on a best efforts basis, thus limiting interest rate risk. Certain additional risks exist if the investor fails to meet its purchase obligation; however, based on historical performance and the size and nature of the investors the Company does not expect them to fail to meet their obligation. The Company determines the fair value of IRLCs based on the price of the underlying loans obtained from an investor for loans that will be delivered on a best efforts basis while taking into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close. The fair value of these derivative instruments is reported in “Other Assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2020, and totaled $728,000, with a notional amount of $37.6 million and total positions of 158. The fair value of IRLCs was considered immaterial at December 31, 2019. Changes in fair value are recorded as a component of mortgage banking income, net in the Consolidated Income Statement for the period ended March 31, 2020. The Company’s IRLCs are classified as Level 2. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, each IRLC and all LHFS were subject to a forward sales commitment on a best efforts basis.

During the first quarter of 2020, the Company elected to begin using fair value accounting for its forward sales commitments related to IRLCs and LHFS under ASC 825-10-15-4(b). The fair value of forward sales commitments is reported in “Other Liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at March 31, 2020, and totaled $1.2 million, with a notional amount of $54.8 million and total positions of 235. The fair value of the forward sales commitments was considered immaterial at December 31, 2019.

Note 17 – Recent accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The FASB has issued multiple updates to ASU 2016-13 as codified in Topic 326, including ASUs 2019-04, 2019-05, 2019-10, 2019-11, 2020-02, and 2020-03. These ASUs have provided for various minor technical corrections and improvements to the codification as well as other transition matters. Smaller reporting companies who file with the SEC and all other entities who do not file with the SEC are required to apply the guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2022. While the Company is currently evaluating the provisions of ASU No. 2016-13 to determine the potential impact the new standard will have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements, it has taken steps to prepare for the implementation when it becomes effective, such as forming an internal task force, gathering pertinent data, consulting with outside professionals, and evaluating its current IT systems. This guidance may result in material changes in the Company's accounting for credit losses on financial instruments.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”). ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements by requiring that Level 3 fair value disclosures include the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop those fair value measurements. For certain unobservable inputs, an entity may disclose other quantitative information in lieu of the weighted average if the entity determines that other quantitative information would be a more reasonable and rational method to reflect the distribution of unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. Certain disclosure requirements in Topic 820 were also removed or modified. ASU 2018-13 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Effective November 25, 2019, the SEC adopted Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 119. SAB 119 updated portions of SEC interpretative guidance to align with FASB ASC 326, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.” It covers topics including (1) measuring current expected credit losses; (2) development governance, and documentation of systematic methodology; (3) documenting the results of a systematic methodology; and (4) validating a systematic methodology.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans.” These amendments modify the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. Certain disclosure requirements have been deleted while the following disclosure requirements have been added: the weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and other plans with promised interest crediting rates and an explanation of the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period. The amendments also clarify the disclosure requirements in paragraph 715-20-50-3, which state that the following information for defined benefit pension plans should be disclosed: The projected benefit obligation (“PBO”) and fair value of plan assets for plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets and the accumulated benefit obligation (“ABO”) and fair value of plan assets for plans with ABOs in excess of plan assets. The amendments are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2018-14 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” The ASU is expected to reduce cost and complexity related to the accounting for income taxes by removing specific exceptions to general principles in Topic 740 (eliminating the need for an organization to analyze whether certain exceptions apply in a given period) and improving financial statement preparers’ application of certain income tax-related guidance. This ASU is part of the FASB’s simplification initiative to make narrow-scope simplifications and improvements to accounting standards through a series of short-term projects. For public business entities, such as the Company, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2019-12 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-01, “Investments – Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) – Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815.” The ASU is based on a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force and is expected to increase comparability in accounting for these transactions. ASU 2020-01 amends ASU 2016-01, which made targeted improvements to accounting for financial instruments, including providing an entity the ability to measure certain equity securities without a readily determinable fair value at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Among other topics, the amendments in ASU 2020-01 clarify that an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting. For public business entities, such as the Company, the amendments in the ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2020-01 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” These amendments provide temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. It is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. The guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company has a team to assess ASU 2020-04 and its impact on the Company’s transition away from LIBOR for its loan and other financial instruments.

In March 2020, various regulatory agencies, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve and the FDIC, (“the agencies”) issued an interagency statement on loan modifications and reporting for financial institutions working with customers affected by the Coronavirus. The interagency statement was effective immediately and impacted accounting for loan modifications. Under ASC 310-40, “Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors,” a restructuring of debt constitutes a TDR if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. The agencies confirmed with the staff of the FASB that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief, are not to be considered TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g., six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had a total of $7,565,000 in loans past due greater than 30 days of which $5,346,000 were rehabilitated student loans which have a 98% guarantee by the DOE of principal and interest. For more financial data and other information about loan deferral refer to section, “Response to COVID-19” under Item 2 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”. This interagency guidance is expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial statements; however, this impact cannot be quantified at this time.

Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis OF Financial condition and results of operations

Caution about forward-looking statements

In addition to historical information, this report may contain forward-looking statements. For this purpose, any statement that is not a statement of historical fact may be deemed to be a forward-looking statement. These forward-looking statements may include statements regarding profitability, liquidity, allowance for loan losses, interest rate sensitivity, market risk, growth strategy and financial and other goals. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “believes,” “expects,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “anticipates,” “forecasts,” “intends” or other words of similar meaning. You can also identify them by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially from historical results or those anticipated by such statements.

There are many factors that could have a material adverse effect on the operations and future prospects of the Company including, but not limited to:

changes in assumptions underlying the establishment of allowances for loan losses, and other estimates;

the risks of changes in interest rates on levels, composition and costs of deposits, loan demand, and the values and liquidity of loan collateral, securities, and interest sensitive assets and liabilities;

the effects of future economic, business and market conditions;

legislative and regulatory changes, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and other changes in banking, securities, and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators, and changes in scope and cost of FDIC insurance and other coverages;

our inability to maintain our regulatory capital position;

the Company’s computer systems and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions despite security measures implemented by the Company;

changes in market conditions, specifically declines in the residential and commercial real estate market, volatility and disruption of the capital and credit markets, soundness of other financial institutions we do business with;

risks inherent in making loans such as repayment risks and fluctuating collateral values;

changes in operations of the mortgage company as a result of the activity in the residential real estate market;

exposure to repurchase loans sold to investors for which borrowers failed to provide full and accurate information on or related to their loan application or for which appraisals have not been acceptable or when the loan was not underwritten in accordance with the loan program specified by the loan investor;

governmental monetary and fiscal policies;

changes in accounting policies, rules and practices;

reliance on our management team, including our ability to attract and retain key personnel;

competition with other banks and financial institutions, and companies outside of the banking industry, including those companies that have substantially greater access to capital and other resources;

demand, development and acceptance of new products and services;

problems with technology utilized by us;

natural disasters, war, terrorist activities, pandemics, or the outbreak of COVID-19 or similar outbreaks, and their effects on economic and business environments in which the Company operates;

adverse effects due to COVID-19 on the Company and its customers, counterparties, employees, and third-party service providers, and the adverse impacts to our business, financial position, results of operations, and prospects;

changing trends in customer profiles and behavior; and

other factors described from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC.

These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating the forward-looking statements contained herein, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which it is made. In addition, past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of future results.

General

The Company’s primary source of earnings is net interest income, and its principal market risk exposure is interest rate risk. The Company is not able to predict market interest rate fluctuations and its asset/liability management strategy may not prevent interest rate changes from having a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

Although we endeavor to minimize the credit risk inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio, we must necessarily make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of the loan portfolio based on our experience and evaluation of economic conditions. If such assumptions or judgments prove to be incorrect, the current allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover loan losses and additions to the allowance may be necessary, which would have a negative impact on net income.

Response to COVID-19

As the circumstances with the COVID-19 pandemic began to unfold, the Company rapidly mobilized over 80% of non-branch team members, went to drive-thru only at our branches with lobby access by appointment and actively began working with borrowers to defer loan payments for up to six months to allow the COVID-19 pandemic to stabilize and operations return to some level of normalcy. We believe that we are well positioned to weather the storm created by the COVID-19 pandemic and have built the balance sheet around a philosophy of prudent risk taking.

Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”)

The Company was successful in getting SBA PPP funds out to our community under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, Economic Security (“CARES”) Act, which was designed to protect jobs and provide economic relief to small business that were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Bank garnered approval for approximately $185 million in PPP loans; however, the final funded amount of loans may be lower as some borrowers may not finalize the closing process. The PPP loans will help to provide essential funds to over 1,300 businesses and nonprofits and will help to protect more than 20,000 jobs in our community. The processing fees we earn on these loans will help to support our loan deferral program and reserve building associated with the crisis. We expect that our community leadership during the crisis and our PPP lending activity will open the door to a number of new commercial and consumer banking relationships.

Supporting customers through payment deferrals

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we began deferring payments for up to six months for impacted customers. Below is a breakdown of the loan portfolio as of March 31, 2020 showing the percentage of loans deferred in each category at May 12, 2020 (dollars in thousands).

			Deferred Loans⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
Loan Type	March 31, 2020		Amount			Number
C&I + Owner occupied commercial real estate	$	149,048		19.93	%		8.48	%
Nonowner occupied commercial real estate		129,474		31.57	%		19.70	%
Acquisition, development and construction		32,170		17.30	%		1.45	%
Total commercial loans		310,692		24.51	%		9.05	%
Consumer/Residential		89,290		7.37	%		4.35	%
Student		32,251		0.00	%		0.00	%
Other		3,001		0.70	%		1.12	%
Total loans	$	435,234		19.01	%		6.11	%

⁽¹⁾Deferrals are as of May 12, 2020 and are expressed as a percentage of the outstanding balance (“Amount” column) and number of loans (“Number” column) per category.

⁽²⁾The SBA is providing a financial reprieve to small business during the COVID-19 pandemic. The SBA will automatically pay the principal, interest, and fees on current loans issued under the SBA’s 7(a) program for a period of six months. These loans have been excluded from the above metrics.

Below is a breakdown of a portion of the loan portfolio as of March 31, 2020 organized by industry showing the percentage of loans deferred in each category at May 12, 2020 (dollars in thousands).

			Deferred Loans⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
Select Industries	March 31, 2020		Amount			Number
Hotels	$	25,721		67.24	%		55.56	%
Food Service		23,796		30.44	%		21.05	%
Retail⁽³⁾		18,073		21.10	%		6.67	%
Medical and Child Care		11,998		34.71	%		16.67	%
Total	$	79,588		40.86	%		15.15	%

⁽¹⁾Deferrals are as of May 12, 2020 and are expressed as a percentage of the outstanding balance (“Amount” column) and number of loans (“Number” column) per category.

⁽³⁾Loans within this group include business such as grocery, convenience stores, drug stores, consumer durables, apparel, and personal services.

Liquidity Risk Management

Over the past eight years, the Company has worked to fund the balance sheet with core deposits and reserve wholesale funding capacity for short periods of rapid loan growth or for crises such as the current economic environment. During the three month period ended March 31, 2020, the Company took aggressive measures to bolster our liquidity to ensure that we could meet customer demands in the event they made significant deposit withdrawals and fully drew on lines of credit. During the period, it seemed that any number of extreme scenarios were possible, and we thought it prudent to be prepared for them. The Company increased liquid assets by $20,155,000, or 30.12% from $66,904,000 at December 31, 2019 to $87,059,000 which was partially accomplished by raising an additional $3,733,000 in internet listing service time deposits, $15,000,000 in FHLB Advances and $6,136,000 in brokered time deposits, which were at zero at December 31, 2019. As of the date of this filing we have not experienced excessive demand for deposit withdrawal or advances under lines of credit, and based on what we know as of this filing we would place a low probability on either occurring in the near term. However, if the need were to arise we are able to pledge additional collateral to the FHLB in order to increase or available borrowing capacity up to 25% of assets, we have two federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling $15,000,000 for which there were no borrowings against the lines at March 31, 2020 and we could add additional funding through raising internet listing service and brokered time deposits.

Capital Risk Management

The Bank maintains a strong, well capitalized position with a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 11.89%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 11.89%, a total risk-based capital ratio of 12.64% and a leverage ratio of 10.10% as of March 31, 2020. The most significant risk to capital as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic is the risk of default within our loan portfolio and the potential loan losses as a result of those defaults. The Company has taken several steps to mitigate this risk to our capital by building a diversified loan portfolio over the years to be capable of sustaining through a crisis, working with our customers during this time to defer loan payments for up to six months to allow time for economic stabilization and participating in the SBA PPP loan program to help provide much needed funds to our borrowers and the community. While there will be pressure on capital levels as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company believes the actions we are taking will protect our capital levels and allow the Company to support all stakeholders through this difficult time.

While the long-term economic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic are unknown at this time, we believe that our culture of disciplined and conservative risk taking across the balance sheet has the Company well positioned to not only carry through the current crisis but to be a pillar of support for our employees, our customers, and our communities.

Results of operations

The following presents management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition of the Company at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and the results of operations for the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The Company’s first quarter 2020 results of operations were negatively impacted by the deteriorating economic environment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in the Company recognizing a $400,000 provision for loan losses. For more financial data and other information about the provision for loan losses refer to section, “Provision for Loan Losses” under this Item 2 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Summary

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company had net income of $898,000, or $0.62 per fully diluted share, compared to net income of $809,000 or $0.56 per fully diluted share, for the same period in 2019. This represents an increase in profitability of $89,000, or 11%.

Net interest income

Net interest income, which represents the difference between interest earned on interest-earning assets and interest incurred on interest-bearing liabilities, is the Company’s primary source of earnings. Net interest income can be affected by changes in market interest rates as well as the level and composition of assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity. Net interest spread is the difference between the average rate earned on interest-earning assets and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The net yield on interest-earning assets (“net interest margin”) is calculated by dividing tax equivalent net interest income by average interest-earning assets. Generally, the net interest margin will exceed the net interest spread because a portion of interest earning assets are funded by various noninterest-bearing sources, principally noninterest-bearing deposits and shareholders’ equity.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			Change
	(dollars in thousands)
Average interest-earning assets	$	502,033		$	472,426		$	29,607
Interest income	$	5,684		$	5,709		$	(25	)
Yield on interest-earning assets		4.55	%		4.90	%		(0.35	)%
Average interest-bearing liabilities	$	357,989		$	352,430		$	5,559
Interest expense	$	1,257		$	1,243		$	14
Cost of interest-bearing liabilities		1.41	%		1.43	%		(0.02	)%
Net interest income	$	4,427		$	4,466		$	(39	)
Net interest margin		3.55	%		3.83	%		(0.28	)%

The decrease in net interest income of $39,000 in the first quarter of 2020 was a result of a 35 basis points lower yield on earning assets because of the 225 basis points drop in the Federal Reserve’s target federal funds rate from March 31, 2019. Interest income decreased by $25,000 because of a decrease in interest income on loans held for investment of $41,000, a decrease in interest income on investment securities of $23,000, and an increase in interest income on loans held for sale of $45,000. The decrease in interest income on loans held for investment was attributable to a 28 basis point decrease in the yield with the impact partially offset by an increase in the average balance outstanding of $16,207,000. The decrease in interest income on investment securities was attributable to the 26 basis point decrease in the yield. The increase in interest income on loans held for sale was attributable to an increase in the average balance outstanding of $5,812,000 with the impact partially offset by a 91 basis point decrease in the yield. Interest expense increased $14,000 primarily because of an increase in the average interest bearing liabilities of $5,559,000 with a two basis points decrease in the cost of interest bearing liabilities.

The following tables illustrate average balances of total interest-earning assets and total interest-bearing liabilities for the periods indicated, showing the average distribution of assets, liabilities, shareholders' equity and related income, expense and corresponding weighted-average yields and rates (dollars in thousands). The average balances used in these tables and other statistical data were calculated using daily average balances. We had no tax exempt interest-earning assets for the periods presented.

Average Balance Sheets, Income and Expense, Yields and Rates

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020								Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
				Interest		Annualized						Interest		Annualized
	Average			Income/		Yield			Average			Income/		Yield
	Balance			Expense		Rate			Balance			Expense		Rate
Loans net of deferred fees	$	431,611		$	5,261		4.90	%	$	415,404		$	5,302		5.18	%
Loans held for sale		11,117			108		3.91	%		5,305			63		4.82	%
Investment securities		44,763			270		2.43	%		44,152			293		2.69	%
Federal funds and other		14,542			45		1.24	%		7,565			51		2.73	%
Total interest earning assets		502,033			5,684		4.55	%		472,426			5,709		4.90	%

Allowance for loan losses and deferred fees		(3,185	)							(3,048	)
Cash and due from banks		9,359								8,944
Premises and equipment, net		11,997								12,432
Other assets		20,523								21,559
Total assets	$	540,727							$	512,313

Interest bearing deposits
Interest checking	$	50,060		$	22		0.18	%	$	47,531		$	20		0.17	%
Money market		106,727			215		0.81	%		89,053			138		0.63	%
Savings		23,691			10		0.17	%		24,174			10		0.17	%
Certificates		137,709			653		1.91	%		157,699			714		1.84	%
Total		318,187			900		1.14	%		318,457			882		1.12	%
Borrowings		39,802			357		3.61	%		33,973			361		4.31	%
Total interest bearing liabilities		357,989			1,257		1.41	%		352,430			1,243		1.43	%
Noninterest bearing deposits		134,280								115,491
Other liabilities		4,595								6,643
Total liabilities		496,864								474,564
Equity capital		43,863								37,749
Total liabilities and capital	$	540,727							$	512,313

Net interest income				$	4,427							$	4,466

Interest spread - average yield on interest
earning assets, less average rate on
interest bearing liabilities							3.14	%							3.47	%

Annualized net interest margin (net
interest income expressed as
percentage of average earning assets)							3.55	%							3.83	%

Provision for (recovery of) loan losses

The amount of the allowance for loan losses is determined by an evaluation of the level of loans outstanding, the level of non-performing loans, historical loan loss experience, delinquency trends, underlying collateral values, the amount of actual losses charged to the reserve in a given period and assessment of present and anticipated economic conditions.

The level of the allowance reflects changes in the size of the portfolio or in any of its components as well as management’s continuing evaluation of industry concentrations, specific credit risks, loan loss experience, current loan portfolio quality, and present economic, political and regulatory conditions. Portions of the allowance may be allocated for specific credits; however, the entire allowance is available for any credit that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. While management utilizes its best judgment and information available, the ultimate adequacy of the allowance is dependent upon a variety of factors beyond the Company’s control, including the performance of the Company’s loan portfolio, the economy, changes in interest rates and the view of the regulatory authorities toward loan classifications.

The Company recorded a provision for loan losses of $400,000 for the three month period ended March 31, 2020 as a result of growth in the loan portfolio, an increase in the historical loan loss experience and an increase in the qualitative factors due to the anticipated economic impact of COVID-19. The increase in the qualitative factors due to COVID-19 were a result of deterioration in local economic factors such as the higher levels of unemployment and the potential impact of elevated loan deferral requests. The Company believes the current level of allowance for loan loss reserves are adequate to cover anticipated losses. However, the full economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is currently unknown and the Company will continue to monitor our loan portfolio for loss indicators which may have the potential for further significant provisions for loan losses through the second quarter of 2020 and beyond. The Company did not record a provision for loan losses for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 because of minimal net charge-offs, no significant changes in qualitative factors and stable asset quality.

For more financial data and other information about the allowance for loan losses refer to section, “Balance Sheet Analysis under this Item 2 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, and Note 5 “Loans and allowance for loan losses” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Noninterest income

Noninterest income includes service charges and fees on deposit accounts, fee income related to loan origination, mortgage banking income, net, and gains and losses on securities available for sale. The most significant noninterest income item has been mortgage banking income, net, representing 67% and 52% for the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Change
	2020		2019		$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Service charges and fees	$	518	$	458	$	60			13.1	%
Mortgage banking income, net		1,370		787		583			74.1	%
Gain on sale of investment securities		12		101		(89	)		(88.1	)%
Gain on sale of SBA loans		86		92		(6	)		100.0	%
Other		74		80		(6	)		(7.5	)%
Total noninterest income	$	2,060	$	1,518	$	542			35.7	%

Service charges and fees increased primarily because of the growth in deposit transaction accounts.

The increase in mortgage banking income, net is a result of increased loan originations and sales compared to the prior year.

The Company sold approximately $7,900,000 and $6,500,000 in investment securities resulting in a gain of net $12,000 and $101,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The sales of these securities, which had fixed interest rates, allowed the Company to decrease its exposure to upward movement in interest rates that would result in unrealized losses being recognized in shareholders’ equity.

Noninterest expense

	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,				Change
	2020		2019		$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Salaries and benefits	$	3,022	$	2,936	$	86			2.9	%
Occupancy		326		349		(23	)		(6.6	)%
Equipment		200		226		(26	)		(11.5	)%
Supplies		38		41		(3	)		(7.3	)%
Professional and outside services		716		809		(93	)		(11.5	)%
Advertising and marketing		78		58		20			34.5	%
Foreclosed assets, net		-		1		(1	)		(100.0	)%
FDIC insurance premium		60		90		(30	)		(33.3	)%
Other operating expense		510		489		21			4.3	%
Total noninterest expense	$	4,950	$	4,999	$	(49	)		(1.0	)%

The decrease in professional and outside services is due to the recognition of additional fees paid to our prior external auditors as well as increased consultant fees in the three month period ended March 31, 2019 that did not occur in the three month period ended March 31, 2020.

The decrease in the FDIC insurance premium is related to a decrease in our quarterly assessment.

Income taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate, income tax as a percent of pre-tax income, may vary significantly from the statutory rate due to permanent difference and available tax credits. Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $239,000, resulting in an effective tax rate of 21.0% compared to $176,000 or 17.9% for the same period in 2019. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily related to a reduction in the tax credit received related to state taxes attributed to the Company and the mortgage banking segment. The Bank is not subject Virginia income taxes, and instead is subject to a franchise tax based on bank capital.

Balance Sheet Analysis

Investment securities

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, all of our investment securities were classified as available for sale.

For more financial data and other information about investment securities refer to Note 4 “Investment Securities Available for Sale” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this From 10-Q.

Loans

One of management’s objectives is to improve the quality of the loan portfolio. The Company seeks to achieve this objective by maintaining rigorous underwriting standards coupled with regular evaluation of the creditworthiness of and the designation of lending limits for each borrower. The portfolio strategies include seeking industry, loan type and loan size diversification in order to minimize credit concentration risk. Management also focuses on originating loans in markets with which the Company is familiar. Additionally, as a significant amount of the loan losses we have experienced in the past is attributable to construction and land development loans, our strategy has shifted from reducing this type of lending to closely managing the quality and concentration in these loan types.

Approximately 81% of all loans are secured by mortgages on real property located principally in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Approximately 7% of the loan portfolio consists of rehabilitated student loans purchased by the Bank from 2014 to 2017 (see discussion following). The Company’s commercial and industrial loan portfolio represents approximately 11% of all loans. Loans in this category are typically made to individuals and small and medium-sized businesses, and range between $250,000 and $2.5 million. Based on underwriting standards, commercial and industrial loans may be secured in whole or in part by collateral such as liquid assets, accounts receivable, equipment, inventory, and real property. The collateral securing any loan may depend on the type of loan and may vary in value based on market conditions. The remainder of our loan portfolio is in consumer loans which represent less than 1% of the total.

Loans classified by type as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Amount			%			Amount			%
Construction and land development
Residential	$	8,143			1.87	%	$	7,887			1.84	%
Commercial		24,027			5.52	%		24,063			5.60	%
		32,170			7.39	%		31,950			7.44	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		103,210			23.71	%		98,353			22.91	%
Non-owner occupied		115,278			26.49	%		116,508			27.14	%
Multifamily		14,046			3.23	%		13,332			3.10	%
Farmland		150			0.03	%		156			0.04	%
		232,684			53.46	%		228,349			53.19	%
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		20,590			4.73	%		21,509			5.01	%
Secured by 1-4 family residential,
First deed of trust		57,352			13.18	%		55,856			13.01	%
Second deed of trust		11,348			2.61	%		10,411			2.43	%
		89,290			20.52	%		87,776			20.45	%
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		45,838			10.53	%		45,074			10.50	%
Guaranteed student loans		32,251			7.41	%		33,525			7.81	%
Consumer and other		3,001			0.69	%		2,621			0.60	%

Total loans		435,234			100.0	%		429,295			100.0	%
Deferred fees and costs, net		704						764
Less: allowance for loan losses		(3,444	)					(3,186	)

	$	432,494					$	426,873

For more financial data and other information about loans refer to Note 5 “Loans and allowance for loan losses” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Allowance for loan losses

We monitor and maintain an allowance for loan losses to absorb an estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. For more financial data and other information about loans refer to Note 5 “Loans and allowance for loan losses” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Asset quality

The following table summarizes asset quality information at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

	March 31,			December 31,			March 31,
	2020			2019			2019
Nonaccrual loans	$	1,317		$	1,868		$	2,113
Foreclosed properties		526			526			526
Total nonperforming assets	$	1,843		$	2,394		$	2,639

Restructured loans (not included in
nonaccrual loans above)	$	7,472		$	7,059		$	8,587

Loans past due 90 days and still
accruing *⁽¹⁾*	$	2,765		$	2,567		$	4,164

Nonperforming assets to loans *⁽²⁾*		0.42	%		0.56	%		0.63	%

Nonperforming assets to total assets		0.32	%		0.44	%		0.51	%

Allowance for loan losses to
nonaccrual loans		261.60	%		170.57	%		143.27	%

(1) All loans 90 days past due and still accruing are rehabilitated student loans which have a 98% guarantee by the DOE.

(2) Loans are net of unearned income and deferred cost.

Nonperforming assets totaled $1,843,000 at March 31, 2020, compared to $2,394,000 at December 31, 2019. Nonperforming assets at March 31, 2020 consisted primarily of $1,317,000 in nonaccrual loans, compared to $1,868,000 at December 31, 2019. The decrease in nonaccrual loans from December 31, 2019 was primarily the result of $749,000 in loans placed back on accrual.

The following table presents an analysis of the changes in nonperforming assets for the three months ended March 31, 2020 (in thousands):

	Nonaccrual			Foreclosed
	Loans			Properties		Total
Balance December 31, 2019	$	1,868		$	526	$	2,394
Additions		342			-		342
Loans placed back on accrual		(749	)		-		(749	)
Transfers to OREO		-			-		-
Repayments		(9	)		-		(9	)
Charge-offs		(135	)		-		(135	)
Sales		-			-		-

Balance March 31, 2020	$	1,317		$	526	$	1,843

Nonperforming restructured loans are included in nonaccrual loans. Until a nonperforming restructured loan has performed in accordance with its restructured terms for a minimum of six months, it will remain on nonaccrual status.

Interest is accrued on outstanding loan principal balances, unless the Company considers collection to be doubtful. Commercial and unsecured consumer loans are designated as non-accrual when the Company considers collection of expected principal and interest doubtful. Mortgage loans and most other types of consumer loans past due 90 days or more may remain on accrual status if management determines that concern over our ability to collect principal and interest is not significant. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, previously accrued and unpaid interest is reversed against interest income in the current period and interest is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash is received. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest.

Of the total nonaccrual loans of $1,317,000 at March 31, 2020 that were considered impaired, one loan totaling $132,000 had a specific allowances for loan losses totaling $48,000. This compares to $1,868,000 in nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2019 of which one loan totaling $135,000 had specific allowance for loan loss of $135,000. This loan was charged off during the quarter ended March, 31, 2020.

Cumulative interest income that would have been recorded had nonaccrual loans been performing would have been approximately $77,000 and $202,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Deposits

Deposits as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows (dollars in thousands):


	March 31, 2020					December 31, 2019
	Amount		%			Amount		%
Checking accounts
Noninterest bearing demand	$	139,660		29.8	%	$	131,228		29.6	%
Interest bearing		51,008		10.9	%		48,427		10.9	%
Money market accounts		114,461		24.4	%		99,955		22.6	%
Savings accounts		26,618		5.7	%		26,396		6.0	%
Time deposits of $250,000 and over		24,535		5.2	%		22,327		5.0	%
Other time deposits		112,561		24.0	%		114,874		25.9	%

Total	$	468,843		100.0	%	$	443,208		100.0	%

Total deposits increased by $25,635,000, or 5.78%, from $443,208,000 at December 31, 2019 to $468,843,000 at March 31, 2020. Variances of note are as follows:

Noninterest bearing demand account balances increased $8,432,000 from December 31, 2019, and represented 29.79% of total deposits at March 31, 2020 compared to 29.61% as of December 31, 2019. The increase in noninterest bearing deposits for the three month period ended March 31, 2020 was a result of growth in business account and business seasonality in a number of business sectors in which we focus.

Low cost relationship deposit account (i.e. interest bearing checking, money market, and savings) balances increased $17,309,000 from December 31, 2019, and represented 40.97% of total deposits at March 31, 2020 compared to 39.43% as of December 31, 2019.

Time deposits decreased by $105,000 from December 31, 2019, and represented 29.24% of total deposits at March 31, 2020 compared to 30.96% as of December 2019. The decrease in time deposits is a result of our continued focus on building low cost relationship deposits and working to improve our deposits mix and cost of funds. Wholesale time deposits were $11,114,000 as of March 31, 2020 compared to $1,494,000 as of December 31, 2019.

The variety of deposit accounts that we offer has allowed us to be competitive in obtaining funds and has allowed us to respond with flexibility to, although not to eliminate, the threat of disintermediation (the flow of funds away from depository institutions such as banking institutions into direct investment vehicles such as government and corporate securities). Our ability to attract and retain deposits, and our cost of funds, has been, and is expected to continue to be, significantly affected by market conditions.

Borrowings

We utilize borrowings to supplement deposits to address funding or liability duration needs. For more financial data and other information about borrowings refer to Note 7 “Borrowings” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Capital resources

Shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2020 was $44,162,000 compared to $42,914,000 at December 31, 2019. The $1.2 million increase in shareholders’ equity during the three months ended March 31, 2020 is primarily due to net income of $898,000.

The following table presents the composition of regulatory capital and the capital ratios for the Bank at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

	March 31,			December 31,
	2020			2019
Tier 1 capital
Total bank equity capital	$	55,182		$	53,768
Net unrealized (gain) loss on available-for-sale securities		(480	)		(186	)
Defined benefit postretirement plan		42			44
Dissallowed deferred tax asset		(442	)		(759	)
Total Tier 1 capital		54,302			52,867

Tier 2 capital
Allowance for loan losses		3,444			3,186
Tier 2 capital deduction		-			(1,400	)
Total Tier 2 capital		3,444			1,786

Total risk-based capital		57,746			54,653

Risk-weighted assets	$	457,751		$	435,082

Average assets	$	537,884		$	545,567

Capital ratios
Leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average assets)		10.10	%		9.69	%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (CET 1)		11.86	%		12.15	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets		11.86	%		12.15	%
Total capital to risk-weighted assets		12.62	%		12.56	%
Equity to total assets		9.72	%		10.00	%

For more financial data and other information about capital resources, refer to Note 14 “Shareholders’ Equity and Regulatory Matters” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Liquidity

Liquidity represents the ability of a company to convert assets into cash or cash equivalents without significant loss, and the ability to raise additional funds by increasing liabilities. Liquidity management involves monitoring our sources and uses of funds in order to meet our day-to-day cash flow requirements while maximizing profits. Liquidity management is made more complicated because different balance sheet components are subject to varying degrees of management control. For example, the timing of maturities of our investment portfolio is fairly predictable and subject to a high degree of control at the time investment decisions are made. However, net deposit inflows and outflows are far less predictable and are not subject to the same degree of control.

At March 31, 2020, our liquid assets, consisting of cash, cash equivalents and investment securities available for sale, totaled $87,059,000, or 15.3% of total assets. Investment securities traditionally provide a secondary source of liquidity since they can be converted into cash in a timely manner. However, approximately $6,196,000 of these securities were pledged against current and potential fundings.

Our holdings of liquid assets plus the ability to maintain and expand our deposit base and borrowing capabilities serve as our principal sources of liquidity. We plan to meet our future cash needs through the liquidation of temporary investments, the generation of deposits, and from additional borrowings. In addition, we will receive cash upon the maturity and sale of loans and the maturity of investment securities. We maintain two federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling $15 million for which there were no borrowings against the lines at March 31, 2020 and $5,317,000 borrowings against the line at December 31, 2019.

We are also a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta, from which applications for borrowings can be made. The FHLB requires that securities, qualifying mortgage loans, and stock of the FHLB owned by the Bank be pledged to secure any advances from the FHLB. The unused borrowing capacity currently available from the FHLB at March 31, 2020 was $6.2 million, based on the Bank's qualifying collateral available to secure any future borrowings. However, we are able to pledge additional collateral to the FHLB in order to increase our available borrowing capacity up to 25% of assets. Liquidity provides us with the ability to meet normal deposit withdrawals, while also providing for the credit needs of customers. We are committed to maintaining liquidity at a level sufficient to protect depositors, provide for reasonable growth, and fully comply with all regulatory requirements.

At March 31, 2020, we had commitments to originate $137,694,000 of loans. Fixed commitments to incur capital expenditures were less than $100,000 at March 31, 2020. Certificates of deposit scheduled to mature in the 12-month period ending March 31, 2021 totaled $77,537,000. We believe that a significant portion of such deposits will remain with us. We further believe that deposit growth, loan repayments and other sources of funds will be adequate to meet our foreseeable short-term and long-term liquidity needs.

Interest rate sensitivity

An important element of asset/liability management is the monitoring of our sensitivity to interest rate movements. In order to measure the effects of interest rates on our net interest income, management takes into consideration the expected cash flows from the securities and loan portfolios and the expected magnitude of the repricing of specific asset and liability categories. We evaluate interest sensitivity risk and then formulate guidelines to manage this risk based on management’s outlook regarding the economy, forecasted interest rate movements and other business factors. Our goal is to maximize and stabilize the net interest margin by limiting exposure to interest rate changes.

Contractual principal repayments of loans do not necessarily reflect the actual term of our loan portfolio. The average lives of mortgage loans are substantially less than their contractual terms because of loan prepayments and because of enforcement of due-on-sale clauses, which gives us the right to declare a loan immediately due and payable in the event, among other things, the borrower sells the real property subject to the mortgage and the loan is not repaid. In addition, certain borrowers increase their equity in the security property by making payments in excess of those required under the terms of the mortgage.

The sale of fixed rate loans is intended to protect us from precipitous changes in the general level of interest rates. The valuation of adjustable rate mortgage loans is not as directly dependent on the level of interest rates as is the value of fixed rate loans. As with other investments, we regularly monitor the appropriateness of the level of adjustable rate mortgage loans in our portfolio and may decide from time to time to sell such loans and reinvest the proceeds in other adjustable rate investments.

Impact of inflation and changing prices

The Company’s financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which require the Company to measure financial position and operating results primarily in terms of historical dollars. Changes in the relative value of money due to inflation or recession are generally not considered. The primary effect of inflation on the operations of the Company is reflected in increased operating costs. In management’s opinion, changes in interest rates affect the financial condition of a financial institution to a far greater degree than changes in the inflation rate. While interest rates are greatly influenced by changes in the inflation rate, they do not necessarily change at the same rate or in the same magnitude as the inflation rate. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond the control of the Company, including changes in the expected rate of inflation, the influence of general and local economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States government, its agencies and various other governmental regulatory authorities.

LIBOR and Other Benchmark Rates

Following the announcement by the U.K.’s Financial Conduct Authority in July 2017 that it will no longer persuade or require banks to submit rates for the London InterBank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) after 2021, central banks and regulators around the world have commissioned working groups to find suitable replacements for Interbank Offered Rates (“IBOR”) and other benchmark rates and to implement financial benchmark reforms more generally. These actions have resulted in uncertainty regarding the use of alternative reference rates (“ARRs”) and could cause disruptions in a variety of markets, as well as adversely impact our business, operations and financial results.

To facilitate an orderly transition from IBORs and other benchmark rates to ARRs, the Company has established a company-wide initiative led by senior management. The objective of this initiative is to identify and assess the Company’s exposure and develop an appropriate action plan to address prior to transition.

ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not Applicable.

ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of March 31, 2020. Based on that evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2020 in ensuring that all material information required to be disclosed in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed summarized and reported with the time periods specified in SEC rules and regulations and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company’s management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation of it that occurred during the Company’s last fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the course of its operations, the Company may become a party to legal proceedings. There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company is party or of which the property of the Company is subject.

ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS

The impacts of COVID-19, or the outbreak of another highly infectious or contagious disease, could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company’s business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions. Since the beginning of January 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak has caused significant disruption in the financial markets both globally and in the United States. The continuing spread of COVID-19 and the related government actions to mandate or encourage quarantines and social distancing has resulted in a significant decrease in commercial activity nationally and in the Company’s markets, and may cause customers, vendors, and counterparties to be unable to meet existing payment or other obligations to the Company and the Bank.

The national public health crisis arising from the COVID-19 pandemic (and public expectations about it), combined with certain pre-existing factors, including, but not limited to, international trade disputes, inflation risks, and oil price volatility, could further destabilize the financial markets and the markets in which the Company operates. The resulting impacts on consumers, including the sudden increase in the unemployment rate, is expected to cause changes in consumer and business spending, borrowing needs and saving habits, which will likely affect the demand for loans and other products and services the Company offers, as well as the creditworthiness of potential and current borrowers. Borrower loan defaults that adversely affect the Company’s earnings correlate with deteriorating economic conditions, which, in turn, may impact borrowers’ creditworthiness and the Bank’s ability to make loans.

The use of quarantines and social distancing methods to curtail the spread of COVID-19 – whether mandated by governmental authorities or recommended as a public health practice – may adversely affect the Company’s operations as key personnel, employees and customers avoid physical interaction. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bank has been directing branch customers to use drive-thru windows and online banking services, and many employees are telecommuting. It is not yet known what impact these operational changes may have on the Company’s financial performance. The continued spread of COVID-19 (or an outbreak of a similar highly contagious disease) could also negatively impact the business and operations of third-party service providers who perform critical services for the Company’s business.

As a result, if COVID-19 continues to spread or the response to contain the COVID-19 pandemic is unsuccessful, the Company could experience a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Except as previously set forth above, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on March 16, 2020.

ITEM 2 – UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

ITEM 3 – DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5 – OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

ITEM 6 – EXHIBITS

3.2

Bylaws of Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp., as amended March 24, 2020 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 26, 2020).

10.1

Change of Control Agreement, dated March 24, 2020, by and between Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Donald M. Kaloski, Jr. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 26, 2020).

10.2

Change of Control Agreement, dated March 24, 2020, by and between Village Bank and Max C. Morehead, Jr. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 26, 2020).

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer

32.1

Statement of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

101

The following materials from the Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	VILLAGE BANK AND TRUST FINANCIAL CORP.

Date: May 14, 2020	By:	/s/ William G. Foster, Jr.
	William G. Foster, Jr.
	President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: May 14, 2020	By:	/s/ Donald M. Kaloski, Jr.
	Donald M. Kaloski, Jr.
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer