Village Bank & Trust Financial Corp. - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission file number: 0-50765

VILLAGE BANK AND TRUST FINANCIAL CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia	16-1694602
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

13319 Midlothian Turnpike, Midlothian, Virginia	23113
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip code)

804-897-3900

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $4.00 per share	VBFC	Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☐	Accelerated Filer ☐
Non-Accelerated Filer ☒	Smaller Reporting Company ☒
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity, as of the latest practicable date.

1,475,997 shares of common stock, $4.00 par value, outstanding as of October 31, 2022

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Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp.

Form 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Part I – Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Consolidated Balance Sheets September 30, 2022 (unaudited) and December 31, 2021	3

Consolidated Statements of Income For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	4

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	5

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows For Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (unaudited)	8

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	9

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	38

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	54

Item 4. Controls and Procedures	54

Part II – Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	55

Item 1A. Risk Factors	55

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	55

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	55

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	55

Item 5. Other Information	55

Item 6. Exhibits	55

Signatures	56

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Balance Sheets

September 30, 2022 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2021*

(in thousands, except share and per share data)


	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	20,393	$	12,071
Federal funds sold		11,788		80,545
Total cash and cash equivalents		32,181		92,616
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value		134,503		94,699
Restricted stock, at cost		714		694
Loans held for sale		5,076		5,141
Loans
Outstandings		540,683		526,457
Allowance for loan losses		(3,370)		(3,423)
Deferred fees and costs, net		592		(433)
Total loans, net		537,905		522,601
Premises and equipment, net		11,765		11,824
Bank owned life insurance		12,718		12,494
Accrued interest receivable		3,341		3,245
Other assets		4,500		5,087
Total Assets	$	742,703	$	748,401

Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities
Deposits
Noninterest bearing demand	$	279,269	$	268,804
Interest bearing		388,550		395,244
Total deposits		667,819		664,048
Long-term debt - trust preferred securities		8,764		8,764
Subordinated debt, net		5,684		5,660
Accrued interest payable		58		68
Other liabilities		2,006		6,460
Total liabilities		684,331		685,000

Shareholders’ equity
Common stock, $4 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 1,476,017 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and 1,473,469 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2021		5,861		5,822
Additional paid-in capital		55,047		54,814
Retained earnings		9,032		3,509
Stock in directors rabbi trust		(689)		(730)
Directors deferred fees obligation		689		730
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(11,568)		(744)
Total shareholders’ equity		58,372		63,401

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	742,703	$	748,401

* Derived from audited consolidated financial statements.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Income

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Interest income
Loans	$	6,210	$	6,655	$	18,101	$	20,148
Investment securities		559		244		1,535		743
Federal funds sold		186		22		318		32
Total interest income		6,955		6,921		19,954		20,923

Interest expense
Deposits		240		349		755		1,275
Borrowed funds		180		143		483		453
Total interest expense		420		492		1,238		1,728

Net interest income		6,535		6,429		18,716		19,195
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses		100		—		(300)		(500)
Net interest income after provision for (recovery of) loan losses		6,435		6,429		19,016		19,695

Noninterest income
Service charges and fees		670		580		1,960		1,711
Mortgage banking income, net		973		2,171		2,942		7,827
Gain on sale of Small Business Administration loans		—		—		79		—
Other		107		108		336		344
Total noninterest income		1,750		2,859		5,317		9,882

Noninterest expense
Salaries and benefits		3,446		3,607		10,394		10,541
Occupancy		305		315		919		948
Equipment		260		267		818		788
Supplies		46		49		120		138
Professional and outside services		655		730		2,118		2,085
Advertising and marketing		67		99		271		347
Foreclosed assets, net		—		—		—		(8)
FDIC insurance premium		64		38		187		142
Other operating expense		681		532		1,893		1,716
Total noninterest expense		5,524		5,637		16,720		16,697

Income before income tax expense		2,661		3,651		7,613		12,880
Income tax expense		508		752		1,470		2,790

Net income	$	2,153	$	2,899	$	6,143	$	10,090

Earnings per share, basic	$	1.46	$	1.97	$	4.16	$	6.88
Earnings per share, diluted	$	1.46	$	1.97	$	4.16	$	6.88

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Three and Nine Months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income	$	2,153	$	2,899	$	6,143	$	10,090
Other comprehensive (loss) income
Unrealized holding losses arising during the period		(4,672)		(237)		(13,709)		(736)
Tax effect		981		50		2,879		156
Net change in unrealized holding losses on securities available for sale, net of tax		(3,691)		(187)		(10,830)		(580)

Minimum pension adjustment		3		3		9		9
Tax effect		(1)		(1)		(3)		(3)
Minimum pension adjustment, net of tax		2		2		6		6

Total other comprehensive loss		(3,689)		(185)		(10,824)		(574)

Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	(1,536)	$	2,714	$	(4,681)	$	9,516

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

									Directors		Accumulated
			Additional				Stock in		Deferred		Other
	Common		Paid-in		Retained		Directors		Fees		Comprehensive
	Stock		Capital		Earnings		Rabbi Trust		Obligation		Loss		Total

Balance, June 30, 2022	$	5,837	$	55,009	$	7,086	$	(689)	$	689	$	(7,879)	$	60,053
Vesting of restricted stock		19		(19)		—		—		—		—		—
Exercise of stock options		5		5		—		—		—		—		10
Stock based compensation		—		52		—		—		—		—		52
Cash dividend declared ($0.14 per share)		—		—		(207)		—		—		—		(207)
Net income		—		—		2,153		—		—		—		2,153
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—		(3,689)		(3,689)
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	5,861	$	55,047	$	9,032	$	(689)	$	689	$	(11,568)	$	58,372


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

									Directors		Accumulated
			Additional				Stock in		Deferred		Other
	Common		Paid-in		Retained		Directors		Fees		Comprehensive
	Stock		Capital		Earnings		Rabbi Trust		Obligation		Income (Loss)		Total

Balance, June 30, 2021	$	5,796	$	54,691	$	(1,547)	$	(730)	$	730	$	41	$	58,981
Vesting of restricted stock		26		(26)		—		—		—		—		—
Stock based compensation		—		35		—		—		—		—		35
Net income		—		—		2,899		—		—		—		2,899
Other comprehensive (loss)		—		—		—		—		—		(185)		(185)
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	5,822	$	54,700	$	1,352	$	(730)	$	730	$	(144)	$	61,730


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

									Directors		Accumulated
			Additional				Stock in		Deferred		Other
	Common		Paid-in		Retained		Directors		Fees		Comprehensive
	Stock		Capital		Earnings		Rabbi Trust		Obligation		Loss		Total

Balance, December 31, 2021	$	5,822	$	54,814	$	3,509	$	(730)	$	730	$	(744)	$	63,401
Vesting of restricted stock		33		(33)		—		41		(41)		—		—
Exercise of stock options		6		(6)										—
Stock based compensation		—		272		—		—		—		—		272
Cash dividend declared ($0.42 per share)		—		—		(620)								(620)
Net income		—		—		6,143		—		—		—		6,143
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—		(10,824)		(10,824)
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	5,861	$	55,047	$	9,032	$	(689)	$	689	$	(11,568)	$	58,372

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

									Directors		Accumulated
			Additional				Stock in		Deferred		Other
	Common		Paid-in		Retained		Directors		Fees		Comprehensive
	Stock		Capital		Earnings		Rabbi Trust		Obligation		Income (Loss)		Total

Balance, December 31, 2020	$	5,794	$	54,510	$	(8,738)	$	(771)	$	771	$	430	$	51,996
Vesting of restricted stock		28		(28)		—		41		(41)		—		—
Stock based compensation		—		218		—		—		—		—		218
Net income		—		—		10,090		—		—		—		10,090
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—		(574)		(574)
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	5,822	$	54,700	$	1,352	$	(730)	$	730	$	(144)	$	61,730

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2022		2021

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	6,143	$	10,090
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		409		447
Amortization of debt issuance costs		24		24
Deferred income taxes		159		499
Recovery of loan losses		(300)		(500)
Write-down of other real estate owned		—		10
Gain on sale of Small Business Administration loans		(79)		—
Gain on sales of loans held for sale		(4,018)		(9,608)
Gain on sale of other real estate owned		—		(18)
Loss on disposal of premises and equipment		3		10
Stock compensation expense		272		218
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans		143,011		271,454
Origination of mortgage loans held for sale		(138,928)		(240,700)
Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on securities, net		103		189
Increase in bank owned life insurance		(224)		(202)
Net change in:
Interest receivable		(96)		1,374
Other assets		3,314		633
Interest payable		(10)		(123)
Other liabilities		(4,454)		(1,951)
Net cash provided by operating activities		5,329		31,846

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchases of available for sale securities		(64,488)		(62,613)
Proceeds from maturities, calls and paydowns of available for sale securities		10,871		13,983
Net (increase) decrease in loans		(14,925)		26,023
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned		—		344
Purchases of premises and equipment, net		(353)		(618)
Purchase of bank owned life insurance		—		(4,408)
(Purchase) redemptions of restricted stock, net		(20)		131
Net cash used in investing activities		(68,915)		(27,158)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Cash dividends paid		(620)		—
Net increase in deposits		3,771		57,670
Net decrease in other borrowings		—		(41,529)
Net cash provided by financing activities		3,151		16,141

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(60,435)		20,829
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		92,616		43,451

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	32,181	$	64,280

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Cash payments for interest	$	1,248	$	1,851
Cash payments for taxes	$	480	$	258
Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Activities
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale	$	(13,710)	$	(736)
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	263	$	243
Minimum pension adjustment	$	9	$	9

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

(Unaudited)

Note 1 – Principles of presentation

Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. (the “Company”) is the holding company of Village Bank (the “Bank”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank and the Bank’s subsidiary, Village Bank Mortgage Corporation. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared on the accrual basis in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. However, all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2022. The unaudited interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes to financial statements that are presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Note 2 – Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheets and statements of income for the period. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include the determination of the allowance for loan losses and its related provision including impaired loans.

Note 3 – Earnings per common share

The following table presents the basic and diluted earnings per common share computation (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Numerator
Net income - basic and diluted	$	2,153	$	2,899	$	6,143	$	10,090

Denominator
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		1,476		1,468		1,475		1,467
Dilutive effect of common stock options		—		—		—		—

Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		1,476		1,468		1,475		1,467

Earnings per share - basic	$	1.46	$	1.97	$	4.16	$	6.88
Earnings per share - diluted	$	1.46	$	1.97	$	4.16	$	6.88

Applicable guidance requires that outstanding, unvested share-based payment awards that contain voting rights and rights to nonforfeitable dividends participate in undistributed earnings with common shareholders. Accordingly, the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock used in the calculation of basic and diluted net income per common share includes unvested shares of the Company’s outstanding restricted common stock.

The vesting of 5,514 and 5,793 at September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, of the unvested restricted units included in Note 10 “Stock incentive plan” was dependent upon meeting certain performance criteria. As of September 30, 2022 and 2021, it was indeterminable whether these unvested restricted units would vest and as such the underlying shares were excluded from common shares issued and outstanding at such date and were not included in the computation of earnings per share for such period.

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Note 4 – Investment securities available for sale

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities available for sale as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):


			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value

September 30, 2022
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	64,643	$	—	$	(4,066)	$	60,577
Mortgage-backed securities		71,156		—		(9,150)		62,006
Municipals		2,268		—		(723)		1,545
Subordinated debt		11,053		49		(727)		10,375

	$	149,120	$	49	$	(14,666)	$	134,503

December 31, 2021
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	41,513	$	22	$	(536)	$	40,999
Mortgage-backed securities		40,806		302		(613)		40,495
Municipals		2,271		—		(62)		2,209
Subordinated debt		11,016		90		(110)		10,996

	$	95,606	$	414	$	(1,321)	$	94,699

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had no investment securities pledged to secure borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB").

There were no sales of available for sale securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Investment securities available for sale that have an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are detailed below (in thousands):


	Securities in a loss				Securities in a loss
	position for less than				position for more than
	12 Months				12 Months				Total
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
September 30, 2022
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	23,602	$	(768)	$	36,975	$	(3,298)	$	60,577	$	(4,066)
Mortgage-backed securities		42,320		(5,060)		17,620		(4,090)		59,940		(9,150)
Municipals		—		—		1,545		(723)		1,545		(723)
Subordinated debt		5,937		(615)		1,388		(112)		7,325		(727)

	$	71,859	$	(6,443)	$	57,528	$	(8,223)	$	129,387	$	(14,666)

December 31, 2021
U.S. Government agency obligations	$	39,617	$	(536)	$	—	$	—	$	39,617	$	(536)
Mortgage-backed securities		21,911		(448)		4,518		(165)		26,429		(613)
Municipals		2,208		(62)		—		—		2,208		(62)
Subordinated debt		919		(80)		470		(30)		1,389		(110)

	$	64,655	$	(1,126)	$	4,988	$	(195)	$	69,643	$	(1,321)

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As of September 30, 2022, there were 47 investments available for sale totaling $71,859,000 that were in a continuous loss position for less than 12 months and had an unrealized loss of $6,443,000. There were 24 investments available for sale totaling $57,528,000 that had been in a continuous loss position for more than 12 months and had an unrealized loss of $8,223,000.

All of the unrealized losses are attributable to movements in interest rates and not to credit deterioration. Currently, the Company believes that it is probable that the Company will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the investments. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not to credit quality, and because it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other than temporarily impaired at September 30, 2022.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities available for sale as of September 30, 2022, by contractual maturity, are as follows (in thousands):


	Amortized
	Cost		Fair Value

Less than one year	$	10,510	$	10,088
One to five years		53,627		49,995
Five to ten years		15,062		14,082
More than ten years		69,921		60,338

Total	$	149,120	$	134,503

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Note 5 – Loans and allowance for loan losses

Loans classified by type as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows (dollars in thousands):


	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Amount		%		Amount		%
Construction and land development
Residential	$	8,437	1.56	%	$	6,805	1.29	%
Commercial		32,109	5.94	%		42,344	8.05	%
		40,546	7.50	%		49,149	9.34	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		122,067	22.59	%		113,108	21.48	%
Non-owner occupied		155,981	28.85	%		129,786	24.65	%
Multifamily		11,309	2.09	%		11,666	2.22	%
Farmland		564	0.10	%		977	0.19	%
		289,921	53.63	%		255,537	48.54	%
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		19,891	3.68	%		17,977	3.41	%
Secured by 1-4 family residential,
First deed of trust		65,704	12.15	%		62,277	11.83	%
Second deed of trust		6,930	1.28	%		12,118	2.31	%
		92,525	17.11	%		92,372	17.55	%
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		91,603	16.94	%		100,421	19.07	%
Guaranteed student loans		22,010	4.07	%		25,975	4.93	%
Consumer and other		4,078	0.75	%		3,003	0.57	%

Total loans		540,683	100.0	%		526,457	100.0	%
Deferred fees and costs, net		592				(433)
Less: allowance for loan losses		(3,370)				(3,423)

	$	537,905			$	522,601

The Bank has a purchased portfolio of rehabilitated student loans guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education (“DOE”). The guarantee covers approximately 98% of principal and accrued interest. The loans are serviced by a third-party servicer that specializes in handling the special needs of the DOE student loan programs.

U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans, included in commercial and industrial loans in the above table, were $710,000 and $32,601,000 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Loans pledged as collateral with the FHLB as part of their lending arrangement with the Company totaled $35,822,000 and $35,510,000 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on nonaccrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due as long as the remaining recorded investment in the loan is deemed fully collectible. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

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The following table provides information on nonaccrual loans segregated by type at the dates indicated (in thousands):


	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Commercial real estate
Non-owner occupied	$	275	$	286
		275		286
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		300		300
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		166		556
Second deed of trust		224		198
		690		1,054
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		19		19

Total loans	$	984	$	1,359

The Company assigns risk rating classifications to its loans. These risk ratings are divided into the following groups:

●

Risk rated 1 to 4 loans are considered of sufficient quality to preclude an adverse rating. These assets generally are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the asset or underlying collateral;

●

Risk rated 5 loans are defined as having potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention;

●

Risk rated 6 loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any; and

●

Risk rated 7 loans have all the weaknesses inherent in substandard loans, with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

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The following tables provide information on the risk rating of loans at the dates indicated (in thousands):


	Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Total
	1‑4		5		6		7		Loans
September 30, 2022
Construction and land development
Residential	$	8,437	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8,437
Commercial		29,472		2,637		—		—		32,109
		37,909		2,637		—		—		40,546
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		118,343		2,454		1,270		—		122,067
Non-owner occupied		151,609		4,097		275		—		155,981
Multifamily		11,309		—		—		—		11,309
Farmland		564		—		—		—		564
		281,825		6,551		1,545		—		289,921
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		19,026		565		300		—		19,891
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		64,661		553		490		—		65,704
Second deed of trust		6,608		72		250		—		6,930
		90,295		1,190		1,040		—		92,525
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		91,088		426		89		—		91,603
Guaranteed student loans		22,010		—		—		—		22,010
Consumer and other		4,054		—		24		—		4,078

Total loans	$	527,181	$	10,804	$	2,698	$	—	$	540,683


	Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Risk Rated		Total
	1‑4		5		6		7		Loans
December 31, 2021
Construction and land development
Residential	$	6,805	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	6,805
Commercial		39,707		2,637		—		—		42,344
		46,512		2,637		—		—		49,149
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		103,370		6,181		3,557		—		113,108
Non-owner occupied		114,168		15,332		286		—		129,786
Multifamily		11,666		—		—		—		11,666
Farmland		977		—		—		—		977
		230,181		21,513		3,843		—		255,537
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		17,054		623		300		—		17,977
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		57,932		3,605		740		—		62,277
Second deed of trust		11,492		429		197		—		12,118
		86,478		4,657		1,237		—		92,372
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		98,362		1,806		253		—		100,421
Guaranteed student loans		25,975		—		—		—		25,975
Consumer and other		2,972		31		—		—		3,003

Total loans	$	490,480	$	30,644	$	5,333	$	—	$	526,457

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The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans and leases as of the dates indicated (in thousands):


					Greater								Investment >
	30‑59 Days		60‑89 Days		Than		Total Past				Total		90 Days and
	Past Due		Past Due		90 Days		Due		Current		Loans		Accruing
September 30, 2022
Construction and land development
Residential	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8,437	$	8,437	$	—
Commercial		—		—		—		—		32,109		32,109		—
		—		—		—		—		40,546		40,546		—
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		—		—		—		—		122,067		122,067		—
Non-owner occupied		—		—		—		—		155,981		155,981		—
Multifamily		—		—		—		—		11,309		11,309		—
Farmland		—		—		—		—		564		564		—
		—		—		—		—		289,921		289,921		—
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		—		—		—		—		19,891		19,891		—
Secured by 1‑4 family residential
First deed of trust		—		—		—		—		65,704		65,704		—
Second deed of trust		—		—		—		—		6,930		6,930		—
		—		—		—		—		92,525		92,525		—
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		377		—		—		377		91,226		91,603		—
Guaranteed student loans		783		396		1,714		2,893		19,117		22,010		1,714
Consumer and other		—		—		—		—		4,078		4,078		—

Total loans	$	1,160	$	396	$	1,714	$	3,270	$	537,413	$	540,683	$	1,714

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													Recorded
					Greater								Investment >
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Than		Total Past				Total		90 Days and
	Past Due		Past Due		90 Days		Due		Current		Loans		Accruing
December 31, 2021
Construction and land development
Residential	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	6,805	$	6,805	$	—
Commercial		—		—		—		—		42,344		42,344		—
		—		—		—		—		49,149		49,149		—
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		—		—		—		—		113,108		113,108		—
Non-owner occupied		—		—		—		—		129,786		129,786		—
Multifamily		—		—		—		—		11,666		11,666		—
Farmland		—		—		—		—		977		977		—
		—		—		—		—		255,537		255,537		—
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		—		—		—		—		17,977		17,977		—
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		—		—		—		—		62,277		62,277		—
Second deed of trust		—		—		—		—		12,118		12,118		—
		—		—		—		—		92,372		92,372		—
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		1,031		—		—		1,031		99,390		100,421		—
Guaranteed student loans		956		791		1,961		3,708		22,267		25,975		1,961
Consumer and other		—		—		—		—		3,003		3,003		—

Total loans	$	1,987	$	791	$	1,961	$	4,739	$	521,718	$	526,457	$	1,961

Loans greater than 90 days past due are student loans that are guaranteed by the DOE which covers approximately 98% of the principal and interest. Accordingly, these loans will not be placed on nonaccrual status and are not considered to be impaired.

Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts when due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. Loans evaluated individually for impairment include non-performing loans, such as loans on non-accrual, non-guaranteed loans past due by 90 days or more, restructured loans and other loans selected by management. The evaluations are based upon discounted expected cash flows or collateral valuations. If the evaluation shows that a loan is individually impaired, then a specific reserve is established for the amount of impairment. Impairment is evaluated in total for smaller-balance loans of a similar nature and on an individual loan basis for other loans. If a loan is impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary, so that the loan is reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans, or

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portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible. Impaired loans are set forth in the following table as of the dates indicated (in thousands):


	September 30, 2022						December 31, 2021
			Unpaid						Unpaid
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded		Principal		Related
	Investment		Balance		Allowance		Investment		Balance		Allowance
With no related allowance recorded
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	$	4,134	$	4,149	$	—	$	4,776	$	4,791	$	—
Non-owner occupied		589		589		—		1,458		1,458		—
		4,723		4,738		—		6,234		6,249		—
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		300		300		—		300		300		—
Secured by 1‑4 family residential
First deed of trust		1,847		1,847		—		1,873		1,873		—
Second deed of trust		264		348		—		238		406		—
		2,411		2,495		—		2,411		2,579		—
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		89		89		—		185		185		—
		7,223		7,322		—		8,830		9,013		—

With an allowance recorded
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		255		255		3		267		267		4
		255		255		3		267		267		4
Consumer real estate
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		65		65		6		146		146		7
		65		65		6		146		146		7

Consumer and other		24		24		1		—		—		—
		344		344		10		413		413		11

Total
Owner occupied		4,389		4,404		3		5,043		5,058		4
Non-owner occupied		589		589		—		1,458		1,458		—
		4,978		4,993		3		6,501		6,516		4
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		300		300		—		300		300		—
Secured by 1-4 family residential,
First deed of trust		1,912		1,912		6		2,019		2,019		7
Second deed of trust		264		348		—		238		406		—
		2,476		2,560		6		2,557		2,725		7
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		89		89		—		185		185		—
Consumer and other		24		24		1		—		—		—
	$	7,567	$	7,666	$	10	$	9,243	$	9,426	$	11

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The following is a summary of average recorded investment in impaired loans with and without a valuation allowance and interest income recognized on those loans for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022				September 30, 2022
	Average		Interest		Average		Interest
	Recorded		Income		Recorded		Income
	Investment		Recognized		Investment		Recognized
With no related allowance recorded
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	$	4,352	$	34		4,450	$	100
Non-owner occupied		1,039		4		1,144		29
		5,391		38		5,594		129
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		100		6		300		21
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		1,816		23		1,830		60
Second deed of trust		337		3		228		8
		2,253		32		2,358		89
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		119		2		136		3
		7,763		72		8,088		221

With an allowance recorded
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		259		4		261		11
		259		4		261		11
Consumer real estate
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		116		—		124		4
Second deed of trust		65		3		49		3
		181		3		173		7

Consumer and other		12		—		6		—
		452		7		440		18

Total
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		4,611		38		4,711		111
Non-owner occupied		1,039		4		1,144		29
		5,650		42		5,855		140
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		100		6		300		21
Secured by 1-4 family residential,
First deed of trust		1,932		23		1,954		64
Second deed of trust		402		6		277		11
		2,434		35		2,531		96
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		119		2		136		3
Consumer and other		12		—		6		—
	$	8,215	$	79	$	8,528	$	239

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Included in impaired loans are loans classified as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). A modification of a loan’s terms constitutes a TDR if the creditor grants a concession to the borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties that it would not otherwise consider. For loans classified as impaired TDRs, the Company further evaluates the loans as performing or nonaccrual. To restore a nonaccrual loan that has been formally restructured in a TDR to accrual status, we perform a current, well documented credit analysis supporting a return to accrual status based on the borrower’s financial condition and prospects for repayment under the revised terms. Otherwise, the TDR must remain in nonaccrual status. The analysis considers the borrower’s sustained historical repayment performance for a reasonable period to the return-to-accrual date, but may take into account payments made for a reasonable period prior to the restructuring if the payments are consistent with the modified terms. A sustained period of repayment performance generally would be a minimum of six months and would involve payments in the form of cash or cash equivalents.

An accruing loan that is modified in a TDR can remain in accrual status if, based on a current well-documented credit analysis, collection of principal and interest in accordance with the modified terms is reasonably assured, and the borrower has demonstrated sustained historical repayment performance for a reasonable period before modification. The following is a summary of performing and nonaccrual TDRs and the related specific valuation allowance by portfolio segment for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands).


							Specific
							Valuation
	Total		Performing		Nonaccrual		Allowance
September 30, 2022
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	$	3,119	$	3,119	$	—	$	3
Non-owner occupied		589		314		275		—
		3,708		3,433		275		3
Consumer real estate
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deeds of trust		1,422		1,422		—		6
Second deeds of trust		91		35		56		—
		1,513		1,457		56		6
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		19		—		19		—
	$	5,240	$	4,890	$	350	$	9

Number of loans		25		22		3		2


							Specific
							Valuation
	Total		Performing		Nonaccrual		Allowance
December 31, 2021

Commercial real estate
Owner occupied	$	3,243	$	3,243	$	—	$	4
Non-owner occupied		1,458		1,172		286		—
		4,701		4,415		286		4
Consumer real estate
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deeds of trust		1,666		1,279		387		7
Second deeds of trust		99		40		59		—
		1,765		1,319		446		7
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		19		—		19		—
	$	6,485	$	5,734	$	751	$	11

Number of loans		28		23		5		3

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There were no TDRs identified for the three month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The following table provides information about TDRs identified during the indicated periods (dollars in thousands).


	Nine Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022					September 30, 2021
		Pre-		Post-			Pre-		Post-
		Modification		Modification			Modification		Modification
	Number of	Recorded		Recorded		Number of	Recorded		Recorded
	Loans	Balance		Balance		Loans	Balance		Balance

Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust	—	$	—	$	—	1	$	267	$	267
	—	$	—	$	—	1	$	267	$	267

A TDR payment default occurs when, within 12 months of the original TDR modification, either a full or partial charge-off occurs or a TDR becomes 90 days or more past due. The specific reserve associated with a TDR is reevaluated when a TDR payment default occurs. There were no defaults on TDR’s that were modified as TDRs during the prior 12 month period ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), as amended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021 (“CAA”), permits financial institutions to suspend requirements under GAAP for loan modifications to borrowers affected by COVID-19 that would otherwise be characterized as TDRs and suspend any determination related thereto if (i) the loan modification is made between March 1, 2020 and the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the end of the COVID-19 emergency declaration and (ii) the applicable loan was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. In addition, federal bank regulatory authorities have issued guidance to encourage financial institutions to make prudent loan modifications for borrowers affected by COVID-19 and have assured financial institutions that they will neither receive supervisory criticism for such prudent loan modifications, nor be required by examiners to automatically categorize COVID-19-related loan modifications as TDRs. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, all previously modified loans had returned to contractual payment terms. The Company’s modification program primarily included payment deferrals and interest only modifications.

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Activity in the allowance for loan losses is as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):


			Provision for
	Beginning		(Recovery of)						Ending
	Balance		Loan Losses		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Balance

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Construction and land development
Residential	$	57	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	69
Commercial		171		4		—		—		175
		228		16		—		—		244
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		868		7		—		—		875
Non-owner occupied		1,267		40		—		—		1,307
Multifamily		50		(17)		—		—		33
Farmland		2		(1)		—		—		1
		2,187		29		—		—		2,216
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		12		—		—		—		12
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		114		13		—		2		129
Second deed of trust		49		(11)		(27)		27		38
		175		2		(27)		29		179
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		533		201		(157)		5		582
Student loans		60		9		(2)		—		67
Consumer and other		45		(7)		(1)		—		37
Unallocated		195		(150)		—		—		45

	$	3,423	$	100	$	(187)	$	34	$	3,370


			Provision for
	Beginning		(Recovery of)						Ending
	Balance		Loan Losses		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Balance

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Construction and land development
Residential	$	66	$	10	$	—	$	—	$	76
Commercial		203		28		—		—		231
		269		38		—		—		307
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		802		58		—		—		860
Non-owner occupied		1,059		30		—		—		1,089
Multifamily		35		1		—		—		36
Farmland		2		—		—		—		2
		1,898		89		—		—		1,987
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		11		—		—		—		11
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		113		(3)		—		1		111
Second deed of trust		72		(3)		—		21		90
		196		(6)		—		22		212
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		422		55		—		3		480
Student loans		80		1		(11)		—		70
Consumer and other		36		(4)		—		—		32
Unallocated		528		(173)		—		—		355

	$	3,429	$	—	$	(11)	$	25	$	3,443

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			Provision for
	Beginning		(Recovery of)						Ending
	Balance		Loan Losses		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Balance

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Construction and land development
Residential	$	57	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	69
Commercial		229		(54)		—		—		175
		286		(42)		—		—		244
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		833		42		—		—		875
Non-owner occupied		1,083		224		—		—		1,307
Multifamily		35		(2)		—		—		33
Farmland		2		(1)		—		—		1
		1,953		263		—		—		2,216
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		12		(58)		—		58		12
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		123		2		—		4		129
Second deed of trust		47		(312)		(27)		330		38
		182		(368)		(27)		392		179
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		486		189		(157)		64		582
Student loans		65		26		(24)		—		67
Consumer and other		29		9		(1)		—		37
Unallocated		422		(377)		—		—		45

	$	3,423	$	(300)	$	(209)	$	456	$	3,370


			Provision for
	Beginning		(Recovery of)						Ending
	Balance		Loan Losses		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Balance

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Construction and land development
Residential	$	214	$	(138)	$	—	$	—	$	76
Commercial		285		(54)		—		—		231
		499		(192)		—		—		307
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		1,047		(187)		—		—		860
Non-owner occupied		1,421		(346)		—		14		1,089
Multifamily		47		(11)		—		—		36
Farmland		2		—		—		—		2
		2,517		(544)		—		14		1,987
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		24		(23)		—		10		11
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		166		(65)		—		10		111
Second deed of trust		79		57		(84)		38		90
		269		(31)		(84)		58		212
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		408		45		—		27		480
Student loans		87		7		(24)		—		70
Consumer and other		36		14		(18)		—		32
Unallocated		154		201		—		—		355

	$	3,970	$	(500)	$	(126)	$	99	$	3,443

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			Provision for
	Beginning		(Recovery of)						Ending
	Balance		Loan Losses		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Balance

Year Ended December 31, 2021
Construction and land development
Residential	$	214	$	(157)	$	—	$	—	$	57
Commercial		285		(56)		—		—		229
		499		(213)		—		—		286
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		1,047		(214)		—		—		833
Non-owner occupied		1,421		(352)		—		14		1,083
Multifamily		47		(12)		—		—		35
Farmland		2		—		—		—		2
		2,517		(578)		—		14		1,953
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		24		(23)		—		11		12
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		166		(54)		—		11		123
Second deed of trust		79		1		(84)		51		47
		269		(76)		(84)		73		182
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		408		47		—		31		486
Student loans		87		13		(35)		—		65
Consumer and other		36		39		(46)		—		29
Unallocated		154		268		—		—		422

	$	3,970	$	(500)	$	(165)	$	118	$	3,423

The amount of the loan loss provision (recovery) is determined by an evaluation of the level of loans outstanding, the level of nonperforming loans, historical loan loss experience, delinquency trends, underlying collateral values, the amount of actual losses charged to the reserve in a given period and assessment of present and anticipated economic conditions. Loans originated under PPP are not considered in the evaluation of the allowance for loan losses because these loans carry a 100% guarantee from the SBA; however, if the collectability on the guarantee on a loan is at risk that loan will be included in the evaluation of the allowance for loan losses.

The level of the allowance reflects changes in the size of the portfolio or in any of its components as well as management’s continuing evaluation of industry concentrations, specific credit risk, loan loss experience, current loan portfolio quality, and present economic, political and regulatory conditions. Portions of the allowance may be allocated for specific credits; however, the entire allowance is available for any credit that, in management’s judgement, should be charged off. While management utilizes its best judgement and information available, the ultimate adequacy of the allowance is dependent upon a variety of factors beyond the Company’s control, including the performance of the Company’s loan portfolio, the economy, changes in interest rates and the view of the regulatory authorities toward loan classifications.

The Company recorded a recovery of provision for loan loss expense of $300,000 and $500,000 for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. The recovery of provision for loan loss expense, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, resulted from reductions in the qualitative factors driven by improving economic factors, improved credit metrics, and reductions in loan deferrals. While current economic challenges due to higher inflation and the speed at which interest rates are rising remain risks to credit quality, we believe our current level of allowance for loan losses is sufficient.

The allowance for loan losses at each of the periods presented includes an amount that could not be identified to individual types of loans referred to as the unallocated portion of the allowance. We recognize the inherent imprecision in estimates of losses due to various uncertainties and the variability related to the factors used in calculation of the allowance. The allowance for loan losses included an unallocated portion of approximately $45,000, $422,000, and $355,000 at September 30, 2022, December 31, 2021, and September 30, 2021, respectively.

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Loans were evaluated for impairment as follows for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Recorded Investment in Loans
	Allowance						Loans
	Ending						Ending
	Balance		Individually		Collectively		Balance		Individually		Collectively

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Construction and land development
Residential	$	69	$	—	$	69	$	8,437	$	—	$	8,437
Commercial		175		—		175		32,109		—		32,109
		244		—		244		40,546		—		40,546
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		875		3		872		122,067		4,389		117,678
Non-owner occupied		1,307		—		1,307		155,981		589		155,392
Multifamily		33		—		33		11,309		—		11,309
Farmland		1		—		1		564		—		564
		2,216		3		2,213		289,921		4,978		284,943
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		12		—		12		19,891		300		19,591
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		129		6		123		65,704		1,912		63,792
Second deed of trust		38		—		38		6,930		264		6,666
		179		6		173		92,525		2,476		90,049
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		582		—		582		91,603		89		91,514
Student loans		67		—		67		22,010		—		22,010
Consumer and other		82		1		81		4,078		24		4,054

	$	3,370	$	10	$	3,360	$	540,683	$	7,567	$	533,116

Year Ended December 31, 2021
Construction and land development
Residential	$	57	$	—	$	57	$	6,805	$	—	$	6,805
Commercial		229		—		229		42,344		—		42,344
		286		—		286		49,149		—		49,149
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		833		4		829		113,108		5,043		108,065
Non-owner occupied		1,083		—		1,083		129,786		1,458		128,328
Multifamily		35		—		35		11,666		—		11,666
Farmland		2		—		2		977		—		977
		1,953		4		1,949		255,537		6,501		249,036
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		12		—		12		17,977		300		17,677
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		123		7		116		62,277		2,019		60,258
Second deed of trust		47		—		47		12,118		238		11,880
		182		7		175		92,372		2,557		89,815
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		486		—		486		100,421		185		100,236
Student loans		65		—		65		25,975		—		25,975
Consumer and other		451		—		451		3,003		—		3,003

	$	3,423	$	11	$	3,412	$	526,457	$	9,243	$	517,214

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Note 6 – Deposits

Deposits as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows (dollars in thousands):


	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Amount		%		Amount		%

Demand accounts	$	279,269	41.8	%	$	268,804	40.5	%
Interest checking accounts		86,894	13.0	%		89,599	13.5	%
Money market accounts		193,642	29.0	%		187,942	28.3	%
Savings accounts		57,498	8.6	%		54,106	8.1	%
Time deposits of $250,000 and over		4,643	0.7	%		6,977	1.1	%
Other time deposits		45,873	6.9	%		56,620	8.5	%

Total	$	667,819	100.0	%	$	664,048	100.0	%

Note 7 – Borrowings

The Company uses both short-term and long-term borrowings to supplement deposits when they are available at a lower overall cost to the Company or they can be invested at a positive rate of return.

As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta, the Bank is required to own capital stock in the FHLB and is authorized to apply for advances from the FHLB. The Company held $373,000 in FHLB stock at September 30, 2022 and $353,000 at December 31, 2021, which is held at cost. Each FHLB credit program has its own interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, and range of maturities. The FHLB may prescribe the acceptable uses to which the advances may be put, as well as on the size of the advances and repayment provisions. The FHLB borrowings are secured by the pledge of commercial and 1-4 family residential loans. The Company had no outstanding FHLB advances at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

Through the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, the Company could borrow funds through the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Fund (“PPPLF”), which were secured by the Company’s PPP loans. The PPPLF ceased extending credit on July 30, 2021. The Company did not have outstanding advances under the PPPLF at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

The Company uses federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements for short-term borrowing needs. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are classified as borrowings and generally mature within one to four days from the transaction date. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are reflected at the amount of cash received in connection with the transaction. The Company may be required to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. There were no borrowings against the lines at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

The Company’s unused lines of credit for future borrowings total approximately $66.1 million at September 30, 2022, which consists of $23.3 million available from the FHLB, $10 million on revolving bank line of credit, $7.8 million under secured federal funds agreements with third party financial institutions, and $25 million in repurchase lines of credit with third party financial institutions. Additional loans and securities are available that can be pledged as collateral for future borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond or the FHLB above the current lendable collateral value.

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Note 8 – Trust preferred securities

During the first quarter of 2005, Southern Community Financial Capital Trust I, a wholly-owned unconsolidated subsidiary of the Company, was formed for the purpose of issuing redeemable securities. On February 24, 2005, $5.2 million of Trust Preferred Capital Notes were issued through a pooled underwriting. The securities have a floating rate of interest indexed to the London InterBank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) (three-month LIBOR plus 2.15%) which adjusts, and is payable, quarterly. The interest rate at September 30, 2022 was 5.60%. The securities were redeemable at par beginning on March 15, 2010 and each quarter after such date until the securities mature on March 15, 2035. No amounts have been redeemed at September 30, 2022 and there are no plans to do so. The principal asset of the Trust is $5.2 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debt securities with like maturities and like interest rates to the Trust Preferred Capital Notes.

During the third quarter of 2007, Village Financial Statutory Trust II, a wholly-owned unconsolidated subsidiary of the Company, was formed for the purpose of issuing redeemable securities. On September 20, 2007, $3.6 million of Trust Preferred Capital Notes were issued through a pooled underwriting. The securities have LIBOR-indexed floating rate of interest (three-month LIBOR plus 1.4%) which adjusts, and is also payable, quarterly. The interest rate at September 30, 2022 was 4.85%. The securities may be redeemed at par at any time commencing in December 2012 until the securities mature in 2037. No amounts have been redeemed at September 30, 2022 and there are no plans to do so. The principal asset of the Trust is $3.6 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debt securities with like maturities and like interest rates to the Trust Preferred Capital Notes.

The Trust Preferred Capital Notes may be included in Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital adequacy determination purposes up to 25% of Tier 1 capital after its inclusion. The portion of the Trust Preferred Capital Notes not considered as Tier 1 capital may be included in Tier 2 capital.

The obligations of the Company with respect to the issuance of the Trust Preferred Capital Notes constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the Trust’s obligations with respect to the Trust Preferred Capital Notes. Subject to certain exceptions and limitations, the Company may elect from time to time to defer interest payments on the junior subordinated debt securities, which would result in a deferral of distribution payments on the related Trust Preferred Capital Notes and require a deferral of common dividends. The Company is current on these interest payments.

Note 9 – Subordinated Debt

On March 21, 2018, the Company issued $5,700,000 of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes due March 31, 2028 in a private placement. The Company received $5,539,000 in net proceeds after deducting issuance costs. The subordinated notes accrue interest at a fixed rate of 6.50% for the first five years until March 31, 2023; thereafter, the subordinated notes will accrue interest at an annual floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 3.73% until maturity or early redemption. The Company may redeem the subordinated notes in whole or in part, on or after March 31, 2023. The subordinated notes are unsecured and subordinated in right of payment to all of the Company’s existing and future senior indebtedness, whether secured or unsecured, including claims of depositors and general creditors, and rank equally in right of payment with any unsecured, subordinated indebtedness that the Company may incur in the future. The carrying value of the notes totaled $5,684,000 and $5,660,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Note 10 – Stock incentive plan

In accordance with accounting standards, the Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award (with limited exceptions). That cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award rather than disclosed in the financial statements.

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The following table summarizes option activity under the Company's stock incentive plans during the indicated periods:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022							2021
		Weighted							Weighted
		Average							Average
		Exercise		Fair Value		Intrinsic			Exercise		Fair Value		Intrinsic
	Options	Price		Per Share		Value			Price		Per Share		Value

Options outstanding, beginning of period	734	$	25.63	$	9.76			734	$	25.63	$	9.76
Granted	—		—		—			—		—		—
Forfeited	—		—		—			—		—		—
Exercised	(345)		25.50	$	9.76			—		—		—
Options outstanding, end of period	389	$	25.74	$	9.76	$	—	734	$	25.63	$	9.76	$	—
Options exercisable, end of period	389							734

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we granted certain officers time-based restricted shares of common stock and performance-based restricted stock units. The time-based restricted shares vest ratably over a three year period provided the officer is employed with the Company on the applicable vesting date. The performance-based units, which have a two-year performance period that began on January 2, 2022, vest based on the Company’s achievement of performance targets related to return on tangible common equity over the performance period with possible payouts ranging from 0% to 150% of the target awards.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we granted certain officers time-based restricted shares of common stock and performance-based restricted stock units. The time-based restricted shares vest ratably over a three year period provided the officer is employed with the Company on the applicable vesting date. The performance-based units, which have a two-year performance period that begins on January 2, 2023, vest based on the Company’s achievement of performance targets related to return on tangible common equity over the performance period with possible payouts ranging from 0% to 150% of the target awards.

The total number of shares underlying non-vested restricted stock was 16,316 and 17,077 at September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The fair value of the stock is based on the grant date of the award and the expense is recognized over the vesting period. Unamortized stock-based compensation related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the stock incentive plan as of September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $551,691 and $437,600, respectively. The time-based unrecognized compensation of $363,742 is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.73 years. For the periods ended September 30, 2022, there were 924 forfeitures of restricted stock and restricted stock units, and no forfeitures for the period ended September 30, 2021.

A summary of changes in the Company’s non-vested restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 follows:


		Weighted-
		Average		Aggregate
		Grant-Date		Intrinsic
	Shares	Fair-Value		Value

December 31, 2021	23,734	$	37.46	$	1,142,792
Granted	3,341		54.56		160,869
Vested	(11,270)		32.30		(542,651)
Forfeited	(924)		34.30		(44,491)
Other	1,435		32.32		69,095
September 30, 2022	16,316	$	44.25	$	785,615

Stock-based compensation expense was approximately $272,000 and $218,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Note 11 – Fair value

The Company determines the fair value of its financial instruments based on the requirements established in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 820: Fair Value Measurements, which provides a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP and requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC 820 defines fair value as the exit price, the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability, in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date under current market conditions.

ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair values hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs — Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs — Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 Inputs — Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods to determine the fair value of each type of financial instrument:

Securities: Fair values for securities available-for-sale are obtained from an independent pricing service. The prices are not adjusted. The independent pricing service uses industry-standard models to price U.S. Government agency obligations and mortgage backed securities that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curves, volatility factors, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, current market and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Securities of obligations of state and political subdivisions are valued using a type of matrix, or grid, pricing in which securities are benchmarked against the treasury rate based on credit rating. Substantially all assumptions used by the independent pricing service are observable in the marketplace, can be derived from observable data, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace (Levels 1 and 2). If the inputs used to provide the evaluation for certain securities are unobservable and/or there is little, if any, market activity, then the security would fall to the lowest level of the hierarchy (Level 3).

Impaired loans: The Company does not record loans held for investment at fair value on a recurring basis. However, there are instances when a loan is considered impaired and an allowance for loan losses is established. The Company measures impairment either based on the fair value of the loan using the loan’s obtainable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent, or using the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, which is not a fair value measurement. The Company maintains a valuation allowance to the extent that this measure of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan. When an impaired loan is measured at fair value based solely on observable market prices or a current appraisal without further adjustment for unobservable inputs, the Company records the impaired loan as a nonrecurring fair value measurement classified as Level 2. However, if based on management’s review, additional discounts to observed market prices or appraisals are required or if observable inputs are not available, the Company records the impaired loan as a nonrecurring fair value measurement classified as Level 3. Impaired loans that are measured based on expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate rather than the market rate of interest, are not recorded at fair value and are therefore excluded from fair value disclosure requirements

Loans held for sale: Fair value of the Company's loans held for sale is based on observable market prices for similar instruments traded in the secondary mortgage loan markets in which the Company conducts business. The Company's portfolio of loans held for sale is classified as Level 2. Gains and losses on the sale of loans are recorded within mortgage banking income, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

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Derivative asset – interest rate lock commitments (“IRLCs”): The Company recognizes IRLCs at fair value based on the price of the underlying loans obtained from an investor for loans that will be delivered on a best efforts basis while taking into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close. All of the Company's IRLCs are classified as Level 2.

Derivative asset/liability – forward sale commitments: Best efforts sale commitments are entered into for loans intended for sale in the secondary market at the time the borrower commitment is made. The best efforts commitments are valued using the committed price to the counter-party against the current market price of the interest rate lock commitment or mortgage loan held for sale. All of the Company’s forward sale commitments are classified as Level 2.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value under Topic 820 on a recurring and non-recurring basis are summarized below for the indicated dates (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurement
	at September 30, 2022 Using
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Financial Assets - Recurring
US Government Agencies	$	60,577	$	—	$	60,577	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities		62,006		—		62,006		—
Municipals		1,545		—		1,545		—
Subordinated debt		10,375		—		8,875		1,500
Loans held for sale		5,076		—		5,076		—
IRLC		111		—		111		—

Financial Liabilities - Recurring
Forward sales commitment		113		—		113		—


	Fair Value Measurement
	at December 31, 2021 Using
			Quoted Prices
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Carrying		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Financial Assets - Recurring
US Government Agencies	$	40,999	$	—	$	40,999	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities		40,495		—		40,495		—
Municipals		2,209				2,209
Subordinated debt		10,996		—		9,246		1,750
Loans held for sale		5,141		—		5,141		—
IRLC		471		—		471		—

Financial Liabilities - Recurring
Forward sales commitment		651		—		651		—

There were no Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured on a non-recurring basis at fair value at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure about fair value of financial instruments, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not required to be measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis. ASC 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company. In accordance with Accounting Standards

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Update (“ASU”) 2016-01, the Company uses the exit price notion, rather than the entry price notion, in calculating the fair values of financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

The following table reflects the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments whether or not recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value (in thousands).


		September 30,				December 31,
		2022				2021
	Level in Fair
	Value	Carrying		Estimated		Carrying		Estimated
	Hierarchy	Value		Fair Value		Value		Fair Value
Financial assets
Cash	Level 1	$	20,393	$	20,393	$	12,071	$	12,071
Cash equivalents	Level 2		11,788		11,788		80,545		80,545
Investment securities available for sale	Level 2		133,003		133,003		92,949		92,949
Investment securities available for sale	Level 3		1,500		1,500		1,750		1,750
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	Level 2		373		373		353		353
Loans held for sale	Level 2		5,076		5,076		5,141		5,141
Loans	Level 3		540,683		518,727		526,457		526,668
Bank owned life insurance	Level 2		12,718		12,718		12,494		12,494
Accrued interest receivable	Level 2		3,341		3,341		3,245		3,245
Interest rate lock commitments	Level 2		111		111		471		471

Financial liabilities
Deposits	Level 2		667,819		667,512		664,048		663,898
Trust preferred securities	Level 2		8,764		7,990		8,764		9,554
Other borrowings	Level 2		5,684		5,684		5,660		5,660
Accrued interest payable	Level 2		58		58		68		68
Forward sales commitment	Level 2		113		113		651		651

Note 12 – Segment Reporting

The Company has two reportable segments: traditional commercial banking and mortgage banking. Revenues from commercial banking operations consist primarily of interest earned on loans and securities and fees from deposit services. Mortgage banking operating revenues consist principally of interest earned on mortgage loans held for sale, gains on sales of loans in the secondary mortgage market, and loan origination fee income.

The Commercial Banking Segment provides the Mortgage Banking Segment with the short-term funds needed to originate mortgage loans through a warehouse line of credit and charges the Mortgage Banking Segment interest based on the Commercial Banking Segment’s cost of funds. Additionally, the Mortgage Banking Segment leases premises from the Commercial Banking Segment. These transactions are eliminated in the consolidation process.

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The following table presents segment information as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):


	Commercial		Mortgage				Consolidated
	Banking		Banking		Eliminations		Totals
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

Revenues
Interest income	$	6,885	$	70	$	—	$	6,955
Gain on sale of loans		—		1,350		—		1,350
Other revenues		822		108		(71)		859
Total revenues		7,707		1,528		(71)		9,164

Expenses
Provision for loan losses		100		—		—		100
Interest expense		420		—		—		420
Salaries and benefits		2,646		800		—		3,446
Commissions		—		459		—		459
Other expenses		1,853		296		(71)		2,078
Total operating expenses		5,019		1,555		(71)		6,503

Income (loss) before income taxes		2,688		(27)		—		2,661
Income tax expense (benefit)		514		(6)		—		508
Net income (benefit)	$	2,174	$	(21)	$	—	$	2,153

Total assets	$	755,071	$	18,281	$	(30,649)	$	742,703


	Commercial		Mortgage				Consolidated
	Banking		Banking		Eliminations		Totals
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

Revenues
Interest income	$	6,818	$	104	$	(1)	$	6,921
Gain on sale of loans		—		2,704		—		2,704
Other revenues		733		228		(70)		891
Total revenues		7,551		3,036		(71)		10,516

Expenses
Recovery of provision for loan losses		—		—		—		—
Interest expense		493		—		(1)		492
Salaries and benefits		2,632		975		—		3,607
Commissions		—		736		—		736
Other expenses		1,738		362		(70)		2,030
Total operating expenses		4,863		2,073		(71)		6,865

Income before income taxes		2,688		963		—		3,651
Income tax expense		550		202		—		752
Net income	$	2,138	$	761	$	—	$	2,899

Total assets	$	733,611	$	19,417	$	(22,967)	$	730,061

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	Commercial		Mortgage				Consolidated
	Banking		Banking		Eliminations		Totals
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

Revenues
Interest income	$	19,762	$	192	$	—	$	19,954
Gain on sale of loans		—		4,018		—		4,018
Other revenues		2,510		413		(148)		2,775
Total revenues		22,272		4,623		(148)		26,747

Expenses
Recovery of provision for loan losses		(300)		—		—		(300)
Interest expense		1,238		—		—		1,238
Salaries and benefits		7,900		2,494		—		10,394
Commissions		—		1,405		—		1,405
Other expenses		5,610		935		(148)		6,397
Total operating expenses		14,448		4,834		(148)		19,134

Income (loss) before income taxes		7,824		(211)		—		7,613
Income tax expense (benefit)		1,514		(44)		—		1,470
Net income (loss)	$	6,310	$	(167)	$	—	$	6,143

Total assets	$	755,071	$	18,281	$	(30,649)	$	742,703


	Commercial		Mortgage				Consolidated
	Banking		Banking		Eliminations		Totals
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

Revenues
Interest income	$	20,606	$	341	$	(24)	$	20,923
Gain on sale of loans		—		9,608		—		9,608
Other revenues		2,190		694		(205)		2,679
Total revenues		22,796		10,643		(229)		33,210

Expenses
Recovery of provision for loan losses		(500)		—		—		(500)
Interest expense		1,728		24		(24)		1,728
Salaries and benefits		7,274		3,267		—		10,541
Commissions		—		2,405		—		2,405
Other expenses		5,372		989		(205)		6,156
Total operating expenses		13,874		6,685		(229)		20,330

Income before income taxes		8,922		3,958		—		12,880
Income tax expense		1,959		831		—		2,790
Net income	$	6,963	$	3,127	$	—	$	10,090

Total assets	$	733,611	$	19,417	$	(22,967)	$	730,061

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Note 13 – Shareholders’ Equity and Regulatory Matters

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table presents the cumulative balances of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of deferred tax benefits of $3,075,000 and $198,000 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively (in thousands):


	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021

Net unrealized losses on securities	$	(11,547)	$	(717)
Net unrecognized losses on defined benefit plan		(21)		(27)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(11,568)	$	(744)

Regulatory Matters

The Company meets the eligibility criteria of a small bank holding company in accordance with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System’s (“Federal Reserve”) Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement (the “SBHC Policy Statement”). On August 28, 2018, the Federal Reserve issued an interim final rule required by the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act of 2018, which was signed into law on May 24, 2018 (the “EGRRCPA”), that expands the applicability of the SBHC Policy Statement to bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of less than $3 billion (up from the prior $1 billion threshold). Under the SBHC Policy Statement, qualifying bank holding companies, such as the Company, have additional flexibility in the amount of debt they can issue and are also exempt from the Basel III capital framework as outlined by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act (the "Basel III Capital Rules"). The SBHC Policy Statement does not apply to the Bank and the Bank must comply with the Basel III Capital Rules.

The Bank is required to comply with the capital adequacy standards established by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The FDIC has adopted rules to implement the Basel III Capital Rules. The Basel III Capital Rules establish minimum capital ratios and risk weightings that are applied to many classes of assets held by community banks, including applying higher risk weightings to certain commercial real estate loans.

The Basel III Capital Rules require banks to comply with the following minimum capital ratios: (1) a ratio of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer” (effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of common equity Tier 1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7%); (2) a ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (effectively resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%); (3) a ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the 2.5% capital conservation buffer (effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5%); and (4) a leverage ratio of 4%, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to balance sheet exposures plus certain off-balance sheet exposures (computed as the average for each quarter of the month-end ratios for the quarter). The phase-in of the capital conservation buffer requirement began on January 1, 2016, at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, increasing by the same amount each year until it was fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019. The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking organizations with a ratio of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases, and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. As of September 30, 2022, the Bank exceeded the minimum ratios under the Basel III Capital Rules.

The Bank must also comply with the capital requirements set forth in the “prompt corrective action” regulations pursuant to Section 38 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act of 1950. To be well capitalized under these regulations, a bank must have the following minimum capital ratios: (1) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 6.5%; (2) a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 8.0%; (3) a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10.0%; and (4) a leverage ratio of at least 5.0%. As of September 30, 2022, the Bank exceeded the minimum ratios to be classified as well capitalized.

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On September 17, 2019, the federal bank regulators issued a final rule required by the EGRRCPA that permits qualifying banks and bank holding companies that have less than $10 billion of assets, like the Company and the Bank, to elect to be subject to a 9% leverage ratio that would be applied using less complex leverage calculations (commonly referred to as the community bank leverage ratio or “CBLR”). The Bank elected not to opt into the CBLR framework as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The capital amounts and ratios at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 for the Bank are presented in the table below (dollars in thousands):


					For Capital
					Requirements
	Actual				Including Conservation Buffer ⁽¹⁾				To be Well Capitalized
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio

September 30, 2022
Total capital (to risk- weighted assets) Village Bank	$	82,996	14.48	%	$	60,166	10.50	%	$	57,301	10.00	%

Tier 1 capital (to risk- weighted assets) Village Bank		79,626	13.90	%		48,706	8.50	%		45,841	8.00	%

Leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average assets) Village Bank		79,626	10.53	%		30,253	4.00	%		37,817	5.00	%

Common equity tier 1 (to risk- weighted assets) Village Bank		79,626	13.90	%		40,111	7.00	%		37,246	6.50	%

December 31, 2021
Total capital (to risk- weighted assets) Village Bank	$	77,547	14.66	%	$	55,558	10.50	%	$	52,912	10.00	%

Tier 1 capital (to risk- weighted assets) Village Bank		74,124	14.01	%		44,975	8.50	%		42,330	8.00	%

Leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average assets) Village Bank		74,124	9.86	%		30,068	4.00	%		37,585	5.00	%

Common equity tier 1 (to risk- weighted assets) Village Bank		74,124	14.01	%		37,038	7.00	%		34,393	6.50	%


⁽¹⁾ Basel III Capital Rules require banking organizations to maintain a minimum CETI ratio of 4.5%, plus a 2.5% capital conservation buffer; a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0%, plus a 2.5% capital conservation buffer; a minimum, total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0%, plus a 2.5% conservation buffer; and a minimum Tier leverage ratio of 4.0%

Note 14 – Commitments and contingencies

Off-balance-sheet risk – The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest-rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the financial statements. The contract amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement that the Company has in particular classes of instruments.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit, and to potential credit loss associated with letters of credit issued, is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for loans and other such on-balance sheet instruments.

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At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had the following approximate off-balance-sheet financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk (in thousands):


	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021

Undisbursed credit lines	$	110,269	$	103,125
Commitments to extend or originate credit		13,326		18,551
Standby letters of credit		557		4,680

Total commitments to extend credit	$	124,152	$	126,356

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. Historically, many commitments expire without being drawn upon; therefore, the total commitment amounts shown in the above table are not necessarily indicative of future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, as deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include personal or income-producing commercial real estate, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment.

Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.

Concentrations of credit risk – Generally, the Company’s loans, commitments to extend credit, and standby letters of credit have been granted to customers in the Company’s market area. Although the Company is building a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of its clients’ ability to honor contracts is reliant upon the economic stability of the Richmond, Virginia area, including the real estate markets in the area. The concentrations of credit by type of loan are set forth in Note 5. The distribution of commitments to extend credit approximates the distribution of loans outstanding.

Note 15 – Mortgage Banking and Derivatives

Loans held for sale. The Company, through the Bank’s mortgage banking subsidiary, originates residential mortgage loans for sale in the secondary market. Residential mortgage loans held for sale are sold to the permanent investor with the mortgage servicing rights released. The Company’s portfolio of loans held for sale (“LHFS”) is accounted for in accordance with ASC 820 - Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures. Fair value of the Company’s LHFS is based on observable market prices for the identical instruments traded in the secondary mortgage loan markets in which the Company conducts business and totaled $5.1 million as of September 30, 2022, of which $5.1 million is related to unpaid principal, and totaled $5.1 million as of December 31, 2021, of which $5.0 million is related to unpaid principal. The Company’s portfolio of LHFS is classified as Level 2.

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Interest Rate Lock Commitments and Forward Sales Commitments. The Company, through the Bank’s mortgage banking subsidiary, enters into commitments to originate residential mortgage loans in which the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding, termed interest rate lock commitments. Such rate lock commitments on mortgage loans to be sold in the secondary market are considered to be derivatives. Upon entering into a commitment to originate a loan, the Company protects itself from changes in interest rates during the period prior to sale by requiring a firm purchase agreement from a permanent investor before a loan can be closed (forward sales commitment). The Company locks in the loan and rate with an investor and commits to deliver the loan if settlement occurs on a best efforts basis, thus limiting interest rate risk. Certain additional risks exist if the investor fails to meet its purchase obligation; however, based on historical performance and the size and nature of the investors the Company does not expect them to fail to meet their obligation. The Company determines the fair value of IRLCs based on the price of the underlying loans obtained from an investor for loans that will be delivered on a best efforts basis while taking into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close. The fair value of these derivative instruments is reported in “Other Assets” in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2022, and totaled $111,000, with a notional amount of $13.3 million and total positions of 45, and was reported in “Other Assets” at December 31, 2021, and totaled $471,000 with a notional amount of $18.2 million and total positions of 67. Changes in fair value are recorded as a component of mortgage banking income, net in the Consolidated Income Statement for the period ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The Company’s IRLCs are classified as Level 2. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, each IRLC and all LHFS were subject to a forward sales commitment on a best efforts basis.

The Company uses fair value accounting for its forward sales commitments related to IRLCs and LHFS under ASC 825-10-15-4(b). The fair value of forward sales commitments is reported in “Other Liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at September 30, 2022, and totaled $113,000 with a notional amount of $18.4 million and total positions of 62, and was reported in “Other Liabilities” at December 31, 2021, and totaled $651,000, with a notional amount of $24.3 million and total positions of 95.

Note 16 – Recent accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The FASB has issued multiple updates to ASU 2016-13 as codified in Topic 326, including ASUs 2019-04, 2019-05, 2019-10, 2019-11, 2020-02, and 2020-03. These ASUs have provided for various minor technical corrections and improvements to the codification as well as other transition matters. Smaller reporting companies who file with the SEC and all other entities who do not file with the SEC are required to apply the guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2022. ASC 326, and the associated amendments, will be applied on a modified retrospective basis upon adoption, and the cumulative effect of adopting the new standard will be recorded as an adjustment to opening retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company created a cross-functional team to prepare for and implement ASC 326. In preparation for ASC 326, the Company has gathered and validated historical loan loss data to ensure its accuracy for purposes of evaluating appropriate segmentation, modeling method, and to ensure its suitability and reliability for purposes of developing an estimate of expected credit losses under ASC 326. The Company has engaged a vendor to assist in the modeling of expected lifetime losses under ASC 326, and is continuing to develop and refine an approach to estimating the allowance for credit losses. The adoption of ASC 326 will result in significant changes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which may include changes in the level of the allowance for credit losses that will be considered adequate, a reduction in total equity and regulatory capital of the Bank, differences in the timing of recognizing changes to the allowance for credit losses and expanded disclosures. The Company has not yet determined an estimate of the effect of these changes. The adoption of ASC 326 will result in significant changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting of the allowance for credit losses.

Effective November 25, 2019, the SEC adopted Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 119. SAB 119 updated portions of SEC interpretative guidance to align with FASB ASC 326, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses." It covers topics including (1) measuring current expected credit losses; (2) development governance, and documentation of systematic methodology; (3) documenting the results of a systematic methodology; and (4) validating a systematic methodology.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02 “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) Trouble Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures.” ASU 2022-02 addresses areas identified by the FASB as part of its post implementation review of the credit losses

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standard (ASU 2016-13) that introduced the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) model. The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors that have adopted the CECL model and enhance the disclosure requirements for loan refinancings and restructurings made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require a public business entity to disclose current-period gross write-offs for financing receivables and net investment in leases by year of origination in the vintage disclosures. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively, except for the transition method related to the recognition and measurement of TDRs, an entity has the option to apply a modified retrospective transition method, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. For entities that have adopted ASU 2016-13, ASU 2022-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For entities that have not yet adopted ASU 2016-13, the effective dates for ASU 2022-02 are the same as the effective dates in ASU 2016-13. Early adoption is permitted if an entity has adopted ASU 2016-13. An entity may elect to early adopt the amendments about TDRs and related disclosure enhancements separately from the amendments related to vintage disclosures. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2022-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-01, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), Fair Value Hedging—Portfolio Layer Method.” ASU 2022-01 clarifies the guidance in ASC 815 on fair value hedge accounting of interest rate risk for portfolios of financial assets and is intended to better align hedge accounting with an organization’s risk management strategies. In 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-12 to better align the economic results of risk management activities with hedge accounting. One of the major provisions of that standard was the addition of the last-of-layer hedging method. For a closed portfolio of fixed-rate prepayable financial assets or one or more beneficial interests secured by a portfolio of prepayable financial instruments, such as mortgages or mortgage-backed securities, the last-of-layer method allows an entity to hedge its exposure to fair value changes due to changes in interest rates for a portion of the portfolio that is not expected to be affected by prepayments, defaults, and other events affecting the timing and amount of cash flows. ASU 2022-01 renames that method the portfolio layer method. For public business entities, ASU 2022-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2022-01 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” These amendments provide temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. It is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. The guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. Subsequently, in January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope.” This ASU clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. The ASU also amends the expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. An entity may elect to apply ASU 2021-01 on contract modifications that change the interest rate used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment retrospectively as of any date from the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020, or prospectively to new modifications from any date within the interim period that includes or is subsequent to January 7, 2021, up to the date that financial statements are available to be issued. An entity may elect to apply ASU 2021-01 to eligible hedging relationships existing as of the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020, and to new eligible hedging relationships entered into after the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020. The Company has a team to assess ASU 2020-04 and its impact on the Company’s transition away from LIBOR for its loan and other financial instruments.

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ITEM 2 - MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Caution about forward-looking statements

In addition to historical information, this report may contain forward-looking statements. For this purpose, any statement that is not a statement of historical fact may be deemed to be a forward-looking statement. These forward-looking statements may include statements regarding profitability, liquidity, allowance for loan losses, interest rate sensitivity, market risk, growth strategy and financial and other goals. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “believes,” “expects,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “anticipates,” “forecasts,” “intends” or other words of similar meaning. You can also identify them by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially from historical results or those anticipated by such statements.

There are many factors that could have a material adverse effect on the operations and future prospects of the Company including, but not limited to:

●

changes in assumptions underlying the establishment of allowances for loan losses, and other estimates;

●

the risks of changes in interest rates on levels, composition and costs of deposits, loan demand, and the values and liquidity of loan collateral, securities, and interest sensitive assets and liabilities;

●

the effects of future economic, business and market conditions;

●

legislative and regulatory changes, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and other changes in banking, securities, and tax laws and regulations and their application by our regulators, and changes in scope and cost of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance and other coverages;

●

our inability to maintain our regulatory capital position;

●

the Company’s computer systems and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions despite security measures implemented by the Company;

●

changes in market conditions, specifically declines in the residential and commercial real estate market, volatility and disruption of the capital and credit markets, soundness of other financial institutions we do business with;

●

risks inherent in making loans such as repayment risks and fluctuating collateral values;

●

changes in operations of the mortgage company as a result of the activity in the residential real estate market;

●

exposure to repurchase loans sold to investors for which borrowers failed to provide full and accurate information on or related to their loan application or for which appraisals have not been acceptable or when the loan was not underwritten in accordance with the loan program specified by the loan investor;

●

governmental monetary and fiscal policies;

●

geopolitical conditions, including acts or threats of terrorism and/or military conflicts, or actions taken by the U.S. or other governments in response to acts or threats of terrorism and/or military conflicts, negatively impacting business and economic conditions in the U.S. and abroad;

●

changes in accounting policies, rules and practices;

●

reliance on our management team, including our ability to attract and retain key personnel;

●

competition with other banks and financial institutions, and companies outside of the banking industry, including those companies that have substantially greater access to capital and other resources;

●

demand, development and acceptance of new products and services;

●

problems with technology utilized by us;

●

natural disasters, war, terrorist activities, pandemics, or the outbreak of COVID-19 or similar outbreaks, and their effects on economic and business environments in which the Company operates;

●

adverse effects due to COVID-19 on the Company and its customers, counterparties, employees, and third-party service providers, and the adverse impacts to our business, financial position, results of operations, and prospects;

●

changing trends in customer profiles and behavior; and

●

other factors described from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC.

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These risks and uncertainties should be considered in evaluating the forward-looking statements contained herein, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which it is made. In addition, past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of future results.

General

The Company’s primary source of earnings is net interest income, and its principal market risk exposure is interest rate risk. The Company is not able to predict market interest rate fluctuations and its asset/liability management strategy may not prevent interest rate changes from having a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

Although we endeavor to minimize the credit risk inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio, we must necessarily make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of the loan portfolio based on our experience and evaluation of economic conditions. If such assumptions or judgments prove to be incorrect, the current allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover loan losses and additions to the allowance may be necessary, which would have a negative impact on net income.

Results of operations

The following presents management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition of the Company at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and the results of operations for the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Summary

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had net income of $2,153,000, or $1.46 per fully diluted share, compared to net income of $2,899,000, or $1.97 per fully diluted share, for the same period in 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had net income of $6,143,000, or $4.16 per fully diluted share, compared to net income of $10,090,000, or $6.88 per fully diluted share, for the same period in 2021.

Net interest income

Net interest income, which represents the difference between interest earned on interest-earning assets and interest incurred on interest-bearing liabilities, is the Company’s primary source of earnings. Net interest income can be affected by changes in market interest rates as well as the level and composition of assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity. Net interest spread is the difference between the average rate earned on interest-earning assets and the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The net yield on interest-earning assets (“net interest margin” or “NIM”) is calculated by dividing tax equivalent net interest income by average interest-earning assets.

Generally, the net interest margin will exceed the net interest spread because a portion of interest earning assets are funded by various noninterest-bearing sources, principally noninterest-bearing deposits and shareholders’ equity.


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			Change

	(dollars in thousands)
Average interest-earning assets	$	700,755		$	681,164		$	19,591
Interest income	$	6,955		$	6,921		$	34
Yield on interest-earning assets		3.94	%		4.03	%		(0.09)	%
Average interest-bearing liabilities	$	406,837		$	396,194		$	10,643
Interest expense	$	420		$	492		$	(72)
Cost of interest-bearing liabilities		0.41	%		0.49	%		(0.08)	%
Net interest income	$	6,535		$	6,429		$	106
Net interest margin		3.70	%		3.74	%		(0.04)	%

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The following are variances of note for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021:

●NIM compressed by four basis points to 3.70% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 3.74% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The compression was driven by the following:

The Commercial Banking Segment recorded SBA fee income, net of deferred costs, of $23,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $1,210,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021, through interest income as a result of normal amortization and the receipt of funds from PPP loans forgiven by the SBA. In addition, the Commercial Banking Segment recorded interest income associated with PPP loans of $3,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $192,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Total income associated with PPP loans was $26,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $1,402,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021.

The yield on average earning assets compressed by nine basis points, 3.94% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 vs. 4.03% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The increase in our yield on earning assets, adjusting for PPP income, is a result of improvement in our earning asset mix as well as the impact of the rise in interest rates during 2022.

The cost of interest bearing liabilities dropped by eight basis points to 0.41% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 0.49% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, because of the shift in our deposit mix from higher cost time deposits to lower cost relationship deposits. Average time deposits decreased $23,066,000, or 28.75%, from the three months ended September 30, 2021, and low cost relationship deposits and non-interest bearing deposits together increased $59,220,000, or 10.69%, from the three months ended September 30, 2021.


	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			Change

	(dollars in thousands)
Average interest-earning assets	$	705,935		$	669,583		$	36,352
Interest income	$	19,954		$	20,923		$	(969)
Yield on interest-earning assets		3.78	%		4.18	%		(0.40)	%
Average interest-bearing liabilities	$	408,150		$	400,963		$	7,187
Interest expense	$	1,238		$	1,728		$	(490)
Cost of interest-bearing liabilities		0.41	%		0.58	%		(0.17)	%
Net interest income	$	18,716		$	19,195		$	(479)
Net interest margin		3.54	%		3.83	%		(0.29)	%

The following are variances of note for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

●

NIM compressed by 29 basis points to 3.54% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 3.83% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The expansion was driven by the following:

The Commercial Banking Segment recorded SBA fee income, net of deferred costs, of $973,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $4,034,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, through interest income as a result of normal amortization and the receipt of funds from PPP loans forgiven by the SBA. In addition, the Commercial Banking Segment recorded interest income associated with PPP loans of $81,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $930,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Total income associated with PPP loans was $1,054,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $4,964,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

The yield on average earning assets compressed by 40 basis points, 3.78% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 vs. 4.18% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in our yield on earning assets for the

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nine months ended September 30, 2022, adjusting for PPP income, was a result of the shift in our earning asset mix which was driven by an increase in our liquid assets (i.e. interest bearing due from other institutions and investment securities) due to the reduction in the PPP loan balances because of loan forgiveness, which was partially offset by growth in the core loan portfolio and growth in our deposit base. The rise in interest rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 partially offset the impact of the increased liquid assets.

The cost of interest bearing liabilities dropped by 17 basis points to 0.41% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 0.58% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, because of the shift in our deposit mix from higher cost time deposits to lower cost relationship deposits. Average time deposits decreased $28,322,000, or 30.68%, from September 30, 2021, and average low cost relationship deposits and non-interest bearing deposits together increased $80,956,000, or 15.36%, from September 30, 2021.

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The following tables illustrate average balances of total interest-earning assets and total interest-bearing liabilities for the periods indicated, showing the average distribution of assets, liabilities, shareholders' equity and related income, expense and corresponding weighted-average yields and rates (dollars in thousands). The average balances used in these tables and other statistical data were calculated using daily average balances. We had no tax exempt interest-earning assets for the periods presented.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022						Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
			Interest						Interest
	Average		Income/		Yield		Average		Income/		Yield
	Balance		Expense		Rate		Balance		Expense		Rate
Loans
Commercial	$	86,757	$	1,055	4.82	%	$	128,417	$	1,921	5.93	%
Real estate - residential		91,071		1,091	4.75	%		85,660		977	4.53	%
Real estate - commercial		290,769		3,282	4.48	%		247,158		2,881	4.62	%
Real estate - construction		38,728		412	4.22	%		47,358		463	3.88	%
Student loans		23,062		252	4.34	%		28,285		269	3.77	%
Consumer		4,004		48	4.76	%		3,067		40	5.17	%
Loans net of deferred fees	$	534,391	$	6,140	4.56	%	$	539,945	$	6,551	4.81	%
Loans held for sale		5,239		70	5.30	%		13,668		104	3.02	%
Investment securities		130,288		559	1.70	%		56,931		244	1.70	%
Federal funds and other		30,837		186	2.39	%		70,620		22	0.12	%
Total interest earning assets		700,755		6,955	3.94	%		681,164		6,921	4.03	%
Allowance for loan losses		(3,329)						(3,444)
Cash and due from banks		17,828						12,592
Premises and equipment, net		11,681						12,027
Other assets		22,383						22,765
Total assets	$	749,318					$	725,104

Interest bearing deposits
Interest checking		87,371		27	0.12	%		80,049		26	0.13	%
Money market		196,469		110	0.22	%		180,261		103	0.23	%
Savings		51,391		20	0.15	%		41,245		16	0.15	%
Certificates		57,163		83	0.58	%		80,229		204	1.01	%
Total deposits		392,394		240	0.24	%		381,784		349	0.36	%
Borrowings
Long-term debt - trust
preferred securities		8,764		80	3.62	%		8,764		42	1.90	%
Subordinated debt, net		5,679		100	6.99	%		5,646		101	7.10	%
Other borrowings		—		—	—	%		—		—	—	%
Total interest bearing liabilities		406,837		420	0.41	%		396,194		492	0.49	%
Noninterest bearing deposits		277,758						261,714
Other liabilities		3,260						6,035
Total liabilities		687,855						663,943
Equity capital		61,463						61,161
Total liabilities and capital	$	749,318					$	725,104


Net interest income before provision for loan losses			$	6,535					$	6,429
Interest spread - average yield on interest earning assets, less average rate on interest bearing liabilities					3.53	%					3.54	%
Net interest margin (net interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets)					3.70	%					3.74	%

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
			Interest						Interest
	Average		Income/		Yield		Average		Income/		Yield
	Balance		Expense		Rate		Balance		Expense		Rate
Loans
Commercial	$	85,429	$	3,682	5.76	%	$	169,218	$	6,401	5.06	%
Real estate - residential		91,475		2,932	4.29	%		86,733		2,991	4.61	%
Real estate - commercial		278,196		9,379	4.51	%		239,041		8,286	4.63	%
Real estate - construction		41,057		1,048	3.41	%		37,202		1,195	4.29	%
Student loans		24,293		729	4.01	%		28,902		805	3.72	%
Consumer		3,609		139	5.15	%		3,165		129	5.45	%
Loans net of deferred fees	$	524,059	$	17,909	4.57	%	$	564,261	$	19,807	4.69	%
Loans held for sale		5,854		192	4.39	%		16,162		341	2.82	%
Investment securities		125,447		1,535	1.64	%		48,219		743	2.06	%
Federal funds and other		50,575		318	0.84	%		40,941		32	0.10	%
Total interest earning assets		705,935		19,954	3.78	%		669,583		20,923	4.18	%
Allowance for loan losses		(3,490)						(3,803)
Cash and due from banks		17,858						12,826
Premises and equipment, net		11,716						11,980
Other assets		20,000						23,008
Total assets	$	752,019					$	713,594

Interest bearing deposits
Interest checking		86,679		80	0.12	%		75,823		76	0.13	%
Money market		194,635		321	0.22	%		171,093		359	0.28	%
Savings		50,701		59	0.16	%		39,827		47	0.16	%
Certificates		61,700		295	0.64	%		92,328		793	1.15	%
Total deposits		393,715		755	0.26	%		379,071		1,275	0.45	%
Borrowings
Long-term debt - trust
preferred securities		8,764		181	2.76	%		8,764		130	1.98	%
Subordinated debt, net		5,671		302	7.12	%		5,639		302	7.16	%
Other borrowings		—		—	—	%		7,489		21	0.37	%
Total interest bearing liabilities		408,150		1,238	0.41	%		400,963		1,728	0.58	%
Noninterest bearing deposits		276,662						247,523
Other liabilities		5,203						7,252
Total liabilities		690,015						655,738
Equity capital		62,004						57,856
Total liabilities and capital	$	752,019					$	713,594


Net interest income before provision for loan losses			$	18,716					$	19,195
Interest spread - average yield on interest earning assets, less average rate on interest bearing liabilities					3.37	%					3.60	%
Net interest margin (net interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets)					3.54	%					3.83	%

Provision for (recovery of) loan losses

The amount of the allowance for loan losses is determined by an evaluation of the level of loans outstanding, the level of non-performing loans, historical loan loss experience, delinquency trends, underlying collateral values, the amount of actual losses charged to the reserve in a given period and assessment of present and anticipated economic conditions.

The level of the allowance reflects changes in the size of the portfolio or in any of its components as well as management’s continuing evaluation of industry concentrations, specific credit risks, loan loss experience, current loan portfolio quality, and present economic, political and regulatory conditions. Portions of the allowance may be allocated for specific credits; however, the entire allowance is available for any credit that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. While management utilizes its best judgment and information available, the ultimate adequacy of the allowance is dependent upon a variety of factors beyond the Company’s control, including the performance of the Company’s loan portfolio, the economy, changes in interest rates and the view of the regulatory authorities toward loan classifications.

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The Company recorded a provision for loan loss expense of $100,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to no provision for loan loss expense for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The provision expense for three months ended September 30, 2022 was due to growth in the overall loan portfolio as well as the impact of the $153,000 net charge-offs during the quarter. The lack of a provision for loan loss, during the three months ended September 30, 2021, was driven by improving macroeconomic conditions, the return of all loan deferrals to contractual payment terms and credit quality remaining strong. While current economic challenges due to higher inflation and the speed at which interest rates are rising remain risks to credit quality, we believe our current level of allowance for loan losses is sufficient.

The Company recorded a recovery of provision for loan loss expense of $300,000 and $500,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. The recovery of provision for loan loss expense, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, resulted from reductions in the qualitative factors driven by improving economic factors, improved credit metrics, and reductions in loan deferrals. While current economic challenges due to higher inflation and the speed at which interest rates are rising remain risks to credit quality, we believe our current level of allowance for loan losses is sufficient.

For more financial data and other information about the allowance for loan losses refer to section, “Balance Sheet Analysis under this Item 2 – “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, and Note 5 “Loans and allowance for loan losses” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Noninterest income

Noninterest income includes service charges and fees on deposit accounts, fee income related to loan origination, mortgage banking income, net, and gains and losses on securities available for sale. The most significant noninterest income item has been mortgage banking income, net, representing 56% and 73% for the three month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 55% and 79% for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.


	For the Three Months Ended
	September 30,				Change
	2022		2021		$		%

	(dollars in thousands)
Service charges and fees	$	670	$	580	$	90	15.5	%
Mortgage banking income, net		973		2,171		(1,198)	(55.2)	%
Other		107		108		(1)	(0.9)	%
Total noninterest income	$	1,750	$	2,859	$	(1,109)	(38.8)	%

The decrease in noninterest income of $1,109,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, was the result of the following:

●The $90,000 increase in service charges and fees was driven by higher consumer and business spending during the three months ended September 30, 2022.

●The $1,198,000 decrease in mortgage banking income, net is a result of decreased loan originations and sales compared to the prior year due the sharp rise in mortgage rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the historically low inventory of homes for sale, and compressed gain on sale margins during the three months ended September 30, 2022. As a result of the sharp drop in origination volume, the Mortgage Banking Segment has taken steps to right size its expense structure to minimize the impact to earnings.


	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change
	2022		2021		$		%

	(dollars in thousands)
Service charges and fees	$	1,960	$	1,711	$	249	14.6	%
Mortgage banking income, net		2,942		7,827		(4,885)	(62.4)	%
Gain on sale of SBA loans		79		—		79	100.0	%
Other		336		344		(8)	(2.3)	%
Total noninterest income	$	5,317	$	9,882	$	(4,565)	(46.2)	%

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The decrease in noninterest income of $4,565,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was the result of the following:

●The $249,000 increase in service charges and fees was driven by higher consumer and business spending during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

●The $4,885,000 decrease in mortgage banking income, net is a result of decreased loan originations and sales compared to the prior year due the sharp rise in mortgage rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the historically low inventory of homes for sale, and compressed gain on sale margins during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. As a result of the sharp drop in origination volume, the Mortgage Banking Segment has taken steps to right size its expense structure to minimize the impact to earnings.

●The Company began selling the guaranteed strip on SBA loans again during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and recognized a gain of $79,000 for the period, compared to no sales for the same period in 2021.

Noninterest expense


	For the Three Months Ended
	September 30,				Change
	2022		2021		$		%

	(dollars in thousands)
Salaries and benefits	$	3,446	$	3,607	$	(161)	(4.5)	%
Occupancy		305		315		(10)	(3.2)	%
Equipment		260		267		(7)	(2.6)	%
Supplies		46		49		(3)	(6.1)	%
Professional and outside services		655		730		(75)	(10.3)	%
Advertising and marketing		67		99		(32)	(32.3)	%
FDIC insurance premium		64		38		26	68.4	%
Other operating expense		681		532		149	28.0	%
Total noninterest expense	$	5,524	$	5,637	$	(113)	(2.0)	%

The decrease in noninterest expense of $113,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, was the result of the following:

●The $161,000 decrease in salaries and benefits expense was driven primarily by lower expenses related to the decreased mortgage production for the three months ended September 30, 2022.

●Professional and outside services expenses decreased by $75,000 primarily due to lower expenses associated with data processing.

●Advertising and marketing expense decreased by $32,000 as a result of decreased marketing efforts during the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021.

●Other operating expense increased $149,000 as a result of an increase in check and card fraud during the three months ended September 30, 2022.

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	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				Change
	2022		2021		$		%

	(dollars in thousands)
Salaries and benefits	$	10,394	$	10,541	$	(147)	(1.4)	%
Occupancy		919		948		(29)	(3.1)	%
Equipment		818		788		30	3.8	%
Supplies		120		138		(18)	(13.0)	%
Professional and outside services		2,118		2,085		33	1.6	%
Advertising and marketing		271		347		(76)	(21.9)	%
Foreclosed assets, net		—		(8)		8	(100.0)	%
FDIC insurance premium		187		142		45	31.7	%
Other operating expense		1,893		1,716		177	10.3	%
Total noninterest expense	$	16,720	$	16,697	$	23	0.1	%

The increase in noninterest expense of $23,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was the result of the following:

●The $147,000 decrease in salaries and benefits expense was driven primarily by lower expenses related to the decreased mortgage production for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

●Advertising and marketing expense decreased by $76,000 as a result of decreased marketing efforts during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

●Other operating expense increased $177,000 primarily as a result of an increase in check and card fraud during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Income taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate, income tax as a percent of pre-tax income, may vary significantly from the statutory rate due to permanent difference and available tax credits. Income tax expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $508,000 and $1,470,000, respectively, resulting in an effective tax rate of 19.1% and 19.3%, respectively, compared to $752,000 and $2,790,000, or 20.6% and 21.7%, respectively, for the same periods in 2021. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily related to an increase in the tax credit received related to state taxes attributed to the Company and the Mortgage Banking Segment. The Bank is not subject to Virginia income taxes, and instead is subject to a franchise tax based on bank capital.

Balance Sheet Analysis

Investment securities

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, all of our investment securities were classified as available for sale.

For more financial data and other information about investment securities refer to Note 4 “Investment Securities Available for Sale” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Loans

The Company maintains rigorous underwriting standards coupled with regular evaluation of the creditworthiness of and the designation of lending limits for each borrower. The portfolio strategies include seeking industry, loan type and loan size diversification in order to minimize credit concentration risk. Management also focuses on originating loans in markets with which the Company is familiar. Additionally, as a significant amount of the loan losses we have experienced in the past is attributable to construction and land development loans, our strategy has shifted from reducing this type of lending to closely managing the quality and concentration in these loan types.

Approximately 78.2% of all loans are secured by mortgages on real property located principally in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Approximately 4.1% of the loan portfolio consists of rehabilitated student loans purchased by the Bank from 2014 to 2017 (see discussion following). The Company’s commercial and industrial loan portfolio represents approximately 16.9% of all loans. Loans in

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this category are typically made to individuals and small and medium-sized businesses, and range between $250,000 and $2.5 million. Based on underwriting standards, commercial and industrial loans may be secured in whole or in part by collateral such as liquid assets, accounts receivable, equipment, inventory, and real property. The collateral securing any loan may depend on the type of loan and may vary in value based on market conditions. The remainder of our loan portfolio is in consumer loans which represent less than 1% of the total.

Loans classified by type as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows (dollars in thousands):


	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Amount		%		Amount		%
Construction and land development
Residential	$	8,437	1.56	%	$	6,805	1.29	%
Commercial		32,109	5.94	%		42,344	8.05	%
		40,546	7.50	%		49,149	9.34	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		122,067	22.59	%		113,108	21.48	%
Non-owner occupied		155,981	28.85	%		129,786	24.65	%
Multifamily		11,309	2.09	%		11,666	2.22	%
Farmland		564	0.10	%		977	0.19	%
		289,921	53.63	%		255,537	48.54	%
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		19,891	3.68	%		17,977	3.41	%
Secured by 1-4 family residential,
First deed of trust		65,704	12.15	%		62,277	11.83	%
Second deed of trust		6,930	1.28	%		12,118	2.31	%
		92,525	17.11	%		92,372	17.55	%
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		91,603	16.94	%		100,421	19.07	%
Guaranteed student loans		22,010	4.07	%		25,975	4.93	%
Consumer and other		4,078	0.75	%		3,003	0.57	%

Total loans		540,683	100.00	%		526,457	100.00	%
Deferred fees and costs, net		592				(433)
Less: allowance for loan losses		(3,370)				(3,423)
	$	537,905			$	522,601

PPP loans included in commercial and industrial loans in the above table were $710,000 and $32,601,000 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

For more financial data and other information about loans refer to Note 5 “Loans and allowance for loan losses” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

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Allowance for loan losses

We monitor and maintain an allowance for loan losses to absorb an estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The following table presents the loan loss experience for the dates indicated (dollars in thousands).


			Provision for										Ratio of Net
	Beginning		(Recovery of)						Ending		Average		Charge-offs to
	Balance		Loan Losses		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Balance		Loans		Average Loans
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Construction and land development
Residential	$	57	$	12	$	—	$	—	$	69	$	6,676	—	%
Commercial		229		(54)		—		—		175		34,381	—	%
		286		(42)		—		—		244		41,057	—	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		833		42		—		—		875		122,052	—	%
Non-owner occupied		1,083		224		—		—		1,307		141,138	—	%
Multifamily		35		(2)		—		—		33		14,194	—	%
Farmland		2		(1)		—		—		1		812	—	%
		1,953		263		—		—		2,216		278,196	—
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		12		(58)		—		58		12		19,468	0.30	%
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		123		2		—		4		129		61,001	—	%
Second deed of trust		47		(312)		(27)		330		38		11,006	2.75	%
		182		(368)		(27)		392		179		91,475	0.40	%
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		486		189		(157)		64		582		85,429	(0.11)	%
Student loans		65		26		(24)		—		67		24,293	(0.10)	%
Consumer and other		29		9		(1)		—		37		3,609	(0.03)	%
Unallocated		422		(377)		—		—		45		—	—	%

	$	3,423	$	(300)	$	(209)	$	456	$	3,370	$	524,059	0.05	%

Year Ended December 31, 2021
Construction and land development
Residential	$	214	$	(157)	$	—	$	—	$	57	$	7,959	—	%
Commercial		285		(56)		—		—		229		32,750	—	%
		499		(213)		—		—		286		40,709	—	%
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied		1,047		(214)		—		—		833		127,150	—	%
Non-owner occupied		1,421		(352)		—		14		1,083		103,535	0.01	%
Multifamily		47		(12)		—		—		35		11,111	—	%
Farmland		2		—		—		—		2		744	—	%
		2,517		(578)		—		14		1,953		242,540	0.01
Consumer real estate
Home equity lines		24		(23)		—		11		12		17,860	0.06	%
Secured by 1-4 family residential
First deed of trust		166		(54)		—		11		123		57,446	0.02	%
Second deed of trust		79		1		(84)		51		47		11,821	(0.28)	%
		269		(76)		(84)		73		182		87,127	(0.01)	%
Commercial and industrial loans
(except those secured by real estate)		408		47		—		31		486		152,760	0.02	%
Student loans		87		13		(35)		—		65		28,502	(0.12)	%
Consumer and other		36		39		(46)		—		29		3,079	(1.49)	%
Unallocated		154		268		—		—		422		—	—	%

	$	3,970	$	(500)	$	(165)	$	118	$	3,423	$	554,717	(0.01)	%

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Asset quality

The following table summarizes asset quality information at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):


	September 30,			December 31,
	2022			2021
Nonaccrual loans	$	984		$	1,359
Foreclosed properties		—			—
Total nonperforming assets	$	984		$	1,359

Restructured loans (not included in nonaccrual loans above)	$	4,890		$	5,734

Loans past due 90 days and still accruing ⁽¹⁾	$	1,714		$	1,961

Nonaccrual loans to total loans ⁽²⁾		0.18	%		0.26	%

Nonperforming assets to loans ⁽²⁾		0.18	%		0.26	%

Nonperforming assets to total assets		0.13	%		0.18	%

Allowance for loan losses to
Loans, net of deferred fees and costs		0.62	%		0.65	%
Loans, net of deferred fees and costs (excluding guaranteed loans)		0.65	%		0.69	%
Nonaccrual loans		342.48	%		251.94	%

(1) All loans 90 days past due and still accruing are rehabilitated student loans which have a 98% guarantee by the DOE.

(2) Loans are net of unearned income and deferred cost.

Nonperforming assets, consisting solely of nonaccrual loans, totaled $984,000 at September 30, 2022, compared to $1,359,000 at December 31, 2021.

The following table presents an analysis of the changes in nonperforming assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):


	Nonaccrual
	Loans		OREO		Total
Balance December 31, 2021	$	1,359	$	—	$	1,359
Additions		168		—		168
Loans placed back on accrual		(177)		—		(177)
Repayments		(339)		—		(339)
Charge-offs		(27)		—		(27)
Balance September 30, 2022	$	984	$	—	$	984

Nonperforming restructured loans are included in nonaccrual loans. Until a nonperforming restructured loan has performed in accordance with its restructured terms for a minimum of nine months, it will remain on nonaccrual status.

Interest is accrued on outstanding loan principal balances, unless the Company considers collection to be doubtful. Commercial and unsecured consumer loans are designated as non-accrual when the Company considers collection of expected principal and interest doubtful. Mortgage loans and most other types of consumer loans past due 90 days or more may remain on accrual status if management determines that concern over our ability to collect principal and interest is not significant. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, previously accrued and unpaid interest is reversed against interest income in the current period and interest is subsequently recognized

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only to the extent cash is received. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when in the judgment of management, the loans are estimated to be fully collectible as to both principal and interest.

There were no specific allowances associated with the total nonaccrual loans of $984,000 and $1,359,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, that were considered impaired.

Cumulative interest income that would have been recorded had nonaccrual loans been performing would have been approximately $84,000 and $82,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Student loans totaling $1,714,000 and $1,961,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, were past due 90 days or more and interest was still being accrued as principal and interest on such loans have a 98% guarantee by the DOE. The 2% not covered by the DOE guarantee is provided for in the allowance for loan losses.

Deposits

Deposits as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows (dollars in thousands):


	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Amount		%		Amount		%
Demand accounts	$	279,269	41.8	%	$	268,804	40.5	%
Interest checking accounts		86,894	13.0	%		89,599	13.5	%
Money market accounts		193,642	29.0	%		187,942	28.3	%
Savings accounts		57,498	8.6	%		54,106	8.1	%
Time deposits of $250,000 and over		4,643	0.7	%		6,977	1.1	%
Other time deposits		45,873	6.9	%		56,620	8.5	%
Total	$	667,819	100.0	%	$	664,048	100.0	%

Total deposits increased by $3,771,000, or 0.57%, from December 31, 2021. Variances of note are as follows:

●Noninterest bearing demand account balances increased $10,464,000 from December 31, 2021 and represented 41.8% of total deposits compared to 40.5% as of December 31, 2021. The increase in noninterest bearing demand accounts is a result of core relationship growth and continued success at converting non-customer PPP loan applicants into customers.

●Low cost relationship deposits (i.e. interest checking, money market, and savings) balances increased $6,388,000, or 1.93%, from December 31, 2021. The increase in these accounts continues to be a result of adding core relationships, continued growth in accounts from non-customer PPP loan applicants and the migration of customer funds from time deposits.

●Time deposits decreased by $13,081,000, or 22.11%, from December 31, 2021. The decrease in time deposits continues to be driven by the migration of customers from time deposits to lower cost deposit products and the maturity of $993,000 of internet listing service deposits which were not replaced. This decrease continues to allow us to lower our cost of interest bearing deposits.

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The following table presents the average deposits balance and average rate paid for the dates indicated (dollars in thousands).


	Average Balance				Average Cost Rate
	Nine Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Noninterest bearing deposits	$	276,662	$	254,481
Interest checking		86,679		77,665	0.12	%	0.14	%
Money market		194,635		175,313	0.22	%	0.26	%
Savings		50,701		41,135	0.16	%	0.16	%
Certificates
Less than $250,000		55,329		74,515	0.63	%	1.10	%
$250,000 or more		6,371		12,254	0.69	%	0.99	%
Total interest bearing deposits		393,715		380,882	0.40	%	0.41	%
Total deposits	$	670,377	$	635,363	0.26	%	0.25	%

The following table presents (in thousands) the scheduled maturities of time deposits greater than $250,000 which is the maximum FDIC insurance limit.



	September 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Months to maturity:
Three or less	$	1,029	$	2,458
Over three through six		—		938
Over six through twelve		2,013		2,785
Over twelve		1,601		796
Total	$	4,643	$	6,977

The variety of deposit accounts that we offer has allowed us to be competitive in obtaining funds and has allowed us to respond with flexibility to, although not to eliminate, the threat of disintermediation (the flow of funds away from depository institutions such as banking institutions into direct investment vehicles such as government and corporate securities). Our ability to attract and retain deposits, and our cost of funds, has been, and is expected to continue to be, significantly affected by market conditions.

Borrowings

We utilize borrowings to supplement deposits to address funding or liability duration needs. For more financial data and other information about borrowings refer to Note 7 “Borrowings” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Capital resources

Shareholders’ equity at September 30, 2022 was $58,372,000 compared to $63,401,000 at December 31, 2021. The $5,029,000 decrease in shareholders’ equity during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 is primarily due to the $10,824,000 increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss associated with the unrealized holding losses arising in the available for sale investment securities portfolio during the period, which were the result of the movement in interest rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in the holding losses was partially offset by the net income of $6,143,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

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The following table presents the composition of regulatory capital and the capital ratios for the Bank at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):


	September 30,			December 31,
	2022			2021
Tier 1 capital
Total bank equity capital	$	68,058		$	73,380
Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities		11,547			717
Defined benefit postretirement plan		21			27
Total Tier 1 capital		79,626			74,124

Tier 2 capital
Allowance for loan losses		3,370			3,423
Tier 2 capital deduction		—			—
Total Tier 2 capital		3,370			3,423

Total risk-based capital		82,996			77,547

Risk-weighted assets	$	573,012		$	531,225

Average assets	$	756,336		$	751,708

Capital ratios
Leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to average assets)		10.53	%		9.86	%
Common equity tier 1 capital ratio (CET 1)		13.90	%		14.01	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets		13.90	%		14.01	%
Total capital to risk-weighted assets		14.48	%		14.66	%
Equity to total assets		9.16	%		9.83	%

For more financial data and other information about capital resources, refer to Note 13 “Shareholders’ Equity and Regulatory Matters” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” contained in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.

Liquidity

Liquidity represents the ability of a company to convert assets into cash or cash equivalents without significant loss, and the ability to raise additional funds by increasing liabilities. Liquidity management involves monitoring our sources and uses of funds in order to meet our day-to-day cash flow requirements while maximizing profits. Liquidity management is made more complicated because different balance sheet components are subject to varying degrees of management control. For example, the timing of maturities of our investment portfolio is fairly predictable and subject to a high degree of control at the time investment decisions are made. However, net deposit inflows and outflows are far less predictable and are not subject to the same degree of control.

At September 30, 2022, our liquid assets, consisting of cash, cash equivalents and investment securities available for sale, totaled $166,684,000, or 22.44% of total assets. Investment securities traditionally provide a secondary source of liquidity since they can be converted into cash in a timely manner.

Our holdings of liquid assets plus the ability to maintain and expand our deposit base and borrowing capabilities serve as our principal sources of liquidity. We plan to meet our future cash needs through the liquidation of temporary investments, the generation of deposits, and from additional borrowings. In addition, we will receive cash upon the maturity and sale of loans and the maturity of investment securities. We maintain two federal funds lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling $15 million for which there were no borrowings against the lines at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

We are also a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta, from which applications for borrowings can be made. The FHLB requires that securities, qualifying mortgage loans, and stock of the FHLB owned by the Bank be pledged to secure any advances from the FHLB. The unused borrowing capacity currently available from the FHLB at September 30, 2022 was $33.4 million, based on the

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Bank's qualifying collateral available to secure any future borrowings. However, we are able to pledge additional collateral to the FHLB in order to increase our available borrowing capacity up to 25% of assets.

Liquidity provides us with the ability to meet normal deposit withdrawals, while also providing for the credit needs of customers. We are committed to maintaining liquidity at a level sufficient to protect depositors, provide for reasonable growth, and fully comply with all regulatory requirements.

At September 30, 2022, we had commitments to originate $124,152,000 of loans. Fixed commitments to incur capital expenditures were less than $100,000 at September 30, 2022. Certificates of deposit scheduled to mature in the 12-month period ending September 30, 2022 totaled $32,879,000. We believe that a significant portion of such deposits will remain with us. We further believe that deposit growth, loan repayments and other sources of funds will be adequate to meet our foreseeable short-term and long-term liquidity needs.

Interest rate sensitivity

An important element of asset/liability management is the monitoring of our sensitivity to interest rate movements. In order to measure the effects of interest rates on our net interest income, management takes into consideration the expected cash flows from the securities and loan portfolios and the expected magnitude of the repricing of specific asset and liability categories. We evaluate interest sensitivity risk and then formulate guidelines to manage this risk based on management’s outlook regarding the economy, forecasted interest rate movements and other business factors. Our goal is to maximize and stabilize the net interest margin by limiting exposure to interest rate changes.

Contractual principal repayments of loans do not necessarily reflect the actual term of our loan portfolio. The average lives of mortgage loans are substantially less than their contractual terms because of loan prepayments and because of enforcement of due-on-sale clauses, which gives us the right to declare a loan immediately due and payable in the event, among other things, the borrower sells the real property subject to the mortgage and the loan is not repaid. In addition, certain borrowers increase their equity in the security property by making payments in excess of those required under the terms of the mortgage.

The sale of fixed rate loans is intended to protect us from precipitous changes in the general level of interest rates. The valuation of adjustable rate mortgage loans is not as directly dependent on the level of interest rates as is the value of fixed rate loans. As with other investments, we regularly monitor the appropriateness of the level of adjustable rate mortgage loans in our portfolio and may decide from time to time to sell such loans and reinvest the proceeds in other adjustable rate investments.

Impact of inflation and changing prices

The Company’s financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP, which require the Company to measure financial position and operating results primarily in terms of historical dollars. Changes in the relative value of money due to inflation or recession are generally not considered. The primary effect of inflation on the operations of the Company is reflected in increased operating costs. In management’s opinion, changes in interest rates affect the financial condition of a financial institution to a far greater degree than changes in the inflation rate. While interest rates are greatly influenced by changes in the inflation rate, they do not necessarily change at the same rate or in the same magnitude as the inflation rate. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond the control of the Company, including changes in the expected rate of inflation, the influence of general and local economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States government, its agencies and various other governmental regulatory authorities.

LIBOR and Other Benchmark Rates

Following the announcement by the U.K.’s Financial Conduct Authority in July 2017 that it will no longer persuade or require banks to submit rates for LIBOR after 2021, central banks and regulators around the world have commissioned working groups to find suitable replacements for Interbank Offered Rates (“IBOR”) and other benchmark rates and to implement financial benchmark reforms more generally. These actions have resulted in uncertainty regarding the use of alternative reference rates (“ARRs”) and could cause disruptions in a variety of markets, as well as adversely impact our business, operations and financial results.

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To facilitate an orderly transition from IBORs and other benchmark rates to ARRs, the Company has established a company-wide initiative led by senior management. The objective of this initiative is to identify and assess the Company’s exposure and develop an appropriate action plan to address prior to transition.

ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not Applicable.

ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) as of September 30, 2022. Based on that evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2022 in ensuring that all material information required to be disclosed in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed summarized and reported with the time periods specified in SEC rules and regulations and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company’s management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation of it that occurred during the Company’s last fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the course of its operations, the Company may become a party to legal proceedings. There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company is party or of which the property of the Company is subject.

ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the SEC on March 25, 2022.

ITEM 2 – UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

ITEM 3 – DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None.

ITEM 5 – OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

ITEM 6 – EXHIBITS

31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer

31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer

32.1	Statement of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

101	The following materials from the Village Bank and Trust Financial Corp. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (loss), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104	Cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (included with Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		VILLAGE BANK AND TRUST FINANCIAL CORP.

Date:	November 10, 2022	By:	/s/ James E. Hendricks, Jr.
		James E. Hendricks, Jr.
		President and Chief Executive Officer

Date:	November 10, 2022	By:	/s/ Donald M. Kaloski, Jr.
		Donald M. Kaloski, Jr.
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer