VirnetX Holding Corp - Annual Report: 2008 (Form 10-K)

 

 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

þ		ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008

o		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

VirnetX Holding Corporation

Delaware		77-0390628
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
5615 Scotts Valley Drive, Suite 110
Scotts Valley, California		95066
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Title of Class		Name of Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share		NYSE Amex

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þ

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer o		Accelerated filer o		Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)		Smaller reporting company þ

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2008, was $123,163,825 based upon the closing price of the common shares of the Registrant on June 30, 2008. This calculation does not reflect a determination that certain persons are affiliated of the Registrant for any other purpose.

37,369,985 shares of Registrant’s Common Stock were outstanding as of March 26, 2009.

Certain portions of this Annual Report on Form 10-K incorporate by reference information from the Registrant’s Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Registrant’s 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

 

 

VirnetX Holding Corporation

PART I
Item 1. Business			2
Item 1A. Risk Factors			13
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments			26
Item 2. Properties			26
Item 3. Legal Proceedings			26
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders			27
PART II
Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities			28
Item 6. Selected Financial Data			31
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			32
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			37
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data			38
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure			56
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures			56
Item 9B. Other Information			57
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance			57
Item 11. Executive Compensation			57
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Equity Compensation Plan Information			57
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence			57
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services			57
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules			57
Exhibit 10.7
Exhibit 21.1
Exhibit 23.1
Exhibit 31.1
Exhibit 31.2
Exhibit 32.1
Exhibit 32.2

Statement regarding forward-looking statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including statements regarding our current liquidity, future financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect” and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions described in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risks are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K include additional factors which could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We cannot assure you that the events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements.

PART I

Item 1. Business.

The Company

We are developing and commercializing software and technology solutions for securing real-time communications over the Internet. Our patented GABRIEL Connection Technology™ combines industry standard encryption protocols with our patented techniques for automated domain name system, or DNS, lookup mechanisms, enabling users to create a secure communication link using secure domain names. We also intend to establish the exclusive secure domain name registry in the United States and other key markets around the world. Our software and technology solutions provide the security platform required by next-generation Internet-based applications such as instant messaging, or IM, voice over Internet protocol, or VoIP, mobile services, streaming video, file transfer and remote desktop. Our technology generates secure connections on a “zero-click” or “single-click” basis, significantly simplifying the deployment of secure real-time communication solutions by eliminating the need for end users to enter any encryption information.

We intend to license our patents and our GABRIEL Connection Technology™ to original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, within the IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications markets. The leaders in these markets include Alcatel-Lucent, Avaya Inc., Cisco Systems, Inc., Juniper Networks, Inc., LM Ericsson Telephone Company, Motorola, Inc., NEC Corporation, Nokia Corporation, Nortel Networks Corporation, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. and Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB, among others. We also intend to license our patent portfolio, technology and software, including our secure domain name registry service, to communication service providers as well as to system integrators. We believe that the market opportunity for our software and technology solutions is large and expanding. As part of our licensing strategy, in March 2008, we hired ipCapital Group, a leading advisor on licensing technology and intellectual property, to initiate discussions with several major potential licensees. Since its founding in 1998, ipCapital Group has supported the licensing efforts of clients across a variety of technologies and markets, resulting in transactions representing several hundred million dollars of value. We are currently in discussions with prospective customers in our target markets.

Our portfolio of intellectual property is the foundation of our business model. We currently have 12 patents in the United States and eight international patents, as well as several pending U.S. and foreign patent applications. Our patent portfolio is primarily focused on securing real-time communications over the Internet, as well as related services such as the establishment and maintenance of a secure domain name registry. Our software and technology solutions also have additional applications in operating systems and network security. The core development team behind our patent portfolio, technology and software has worked together for over ten years and is the same team that invented and developed this technology while working at Science Application International Corporation, or SAIC. SAIC is a FORTUNE 500^® scientific, engineering, and technology applications company that uses its deep domain knowledge to solve problems of vital importance to the nation and the world, in national security, energy and the environment, critical infrastructure and health. We acquired this patent portfolio in 2006, and it now serves as the foundation of our planned licensing and service offerings. We expect to derive the majority of our revenue from license fees and royalties associated with these patents. We also intend to continue our research and development efforts to further strengthen and expand our patent portfolio, and over time, we plan to leverage this portfolio to develop a product suite that can be sold to enterprise customers and developers.

Industry Overview

The Internet is increasingly evolving into a rich medium used by individuals and businesses to conduct commerce, share information and engage in real-time communications including email, text messaging, IM, and voice and video calls. This communications experience is richer and more complex than ever before. Session initiation protocol, or SIP, was developed to enable the convergence of voice and data networks and today is the predominant industry standard for establishing multimedia communications over the Internet such as voice, video, instant messaging, presence information and file transfer. SIP, as well as other real-time collaboration protocols such as XMPP, use DNS lookup as its primary means of connecting Internet devices but is an open architecture that remains inherently unsecure.

We believe that accessing a diversity of services from a single device, anytime and anywhere, and the ability to access these same services from a range of devices, are emerging as key market requirements. The portions of the IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications markets that could benefit from our software and technology solutions are forecasted by Infonetics to grow total revenues from approximately $59 billion in 2006 to approximately $162 billion by 2011, representing a compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of approximately 22%. This growing trend represents a significant opportunity for VirnetX to license its patent portfolio, technology and software, and establish its secure domain name registry.

IP Telephony

IP telephony includes technologies that use Internet Protocol’s packet-switched connections to exchange voice, fax, and other forms of information traditionally carried over the dedicated circuit-switched connections of the public switched telephone network, or PSTN. The adoption of IP telephony has helped businesses significantly lower network operating costs by using a common network for voice and data. As the workforce becomes increasingly dispersed, mobile features enabled by Internet protocol-based communications such as presence, unified messaging, peer-to-peer applications, find me/follow me, white-boarding and document sharing have become more commonplace. However, the development of the related security infrastructure has lagged behind, leaving next-generation networks vulnerable to a multitude of threats including man-in-middle, eavesdropping, domain hijacking, distributed denial of service, or DDoS, spam over Internet telephony, or SPIT, and spam over instant messaging, or SPIM. These threats continue to highlight the need for securing next-generation networks. As the use of IP telephony systems extends beyond the boundaries of an organization’s private network, security is likely to become an even bigger concern. Worldwide revenue from IP telephony products like IP-PBX including IP phones, service provider VoIP and IMS equipment, VoIP gateways and hosted VoIP services for businesses is forecasted by Infonetics to grow from approximately $15 billion in 2006 to approximately $43 billion in 2011, representing a CAGR of approximately 23%. We believe our unique and patented solution provides the robust security platform required for providing on-demand secure communication links between enterprises intending to communicate securely without manually configuring the connections. We believe a standard security solution such as ours will further accelerate the adoption of IP telephony products in the market and allow enterprises to take full advantage of these rich content applications and real-time communications over the Internet, thereby significantly increasing their return on investment.

Fixed-Mobile Convergence

Fixed-mobile convergence is an environment where wireline and wireless phones work together with Internet Protocol to deliver services (voice, video, data and combinations thereof) uniformly across multiple access networks, including, among others, WiMAX, WiFi, cellular and fixed. We believe that the fixed-mobile convergence infrastructure equipment revenue will grow from approximately $9 million in 2006 to over $406 million in 2011, representing a CAGR of approximately 114%. Additionally, according to a thought leadership paper entitled “Road to Full Convergence” published by Fixed-Mobile Convergence Alliance, or FMCA, an alliance of leading operators representing a customer base of over 850 million customers, consumers increasingly feel the need to be connected and have real-time access to media streams, blogs and breaking news. During the past ten years, users have become increasingly technologically sophisticated and are now demanding greater functionality from the Internet. Today, the Internet is used for commerce, social networking, online dating and a number of other forms of media-rich, real-time communication and collaboration. Mobile devices like dual mode (cellular/WiFi) phones lie at the center of this transition and have become the device with the closest proximity and relationship to the user. We believe that accessing a diversity of services from a single device, anytime and anywhere, and the ability to access the same services from a range of devices, is emerging as a key market requirement. Worldwide total dual mode cellular/WiFi phone revenue was approximately $17 billion in 2006 and is expected to grow to approximately $76 billion in 2011, representing a CAGR of approximately 35%. The strong projected growth for converged cellular/WiFi phones and related services in enterprise and consumer market segments represents a significant opportunity for VirnetX’s patent portfolio, technology, and software to become the industry standard for securing real-time communication.

IP Mobility

Smartphones are multi-functional devices that handle a wide variety of business-critical applications and support increasingly complex functions including enhanced data processing, Internet access, e-mail access, calendars and scheduling, contact management and the ability to view electronic documents. Users have continual access to these applications while on the move making them an increasingly essential business tool for the mobile worker. These devices enable mobile workers to have similar functionality inside or outside the office thereby increasing employee efficiency. However, it is critical that this mobile environment have the same level of security as an enterprise’s internal network. Worldwide revenue from IP mobility products like smartphones and mobile data cards is expected to grow from approximately $26 billion in 2006 to approximately $41 billion by 2011, representing a CAGR of approximately 10%. We believe in order to realize the full functionality of IP mobility, several challenges including security must be overcome. When users are mobile, connections and data need to cross multiple network boundaries, each of which poses a security threat. Wireless networks present unique threats because rogue users can enter the enterprise network through wireless access points that may not be sufficiently protected as part of an organization’s IT security protocols. Providing authenticated access to the wireless networks and enterprise applications through the wireless domain are important requirements and represent a significant market opportunity for VirnetX’s patented technology and secure domain names to provide users fully authenticated secure access on a “zero-click” or “single-click” basis.

Unified Communications

The need to enhance productivity is putting increasing demand on instant access to, and the management of, rapidly expanding real-time information. Mobile collaboration, and the ability to conduct business whether inside or outside of the office, are high priorities. Business and consumer users are nomadic and expect instant access everywhere. The ability to establish multiple secure simultaneous network connections and provide IP sessions with strong security and encryption will be critical to widespread deployment of next-generation networks. A shortcoming of this new communications environment is that the various modes of communication operate independently from one another and do not integrate easily, if at all. As the number of devices grows, individual points of contact multiply and communication becomes more sophisticated and increasingly vulnerable.

The idea behind unified communications is to organize the array of communication methodologies, integrating the various fragmented ways individuals communicate today into a single communications experience, ultimately increasing utility and productivity. The basic components comprising unified communications include: a directory for storing addresses, various modes of communication with each user/contact (desk phone, mobile phone, IM, etc.), message storage for all messages regardless of communication method and secure presence of a user’s status for each mode of communication (available, away, busy, etc.). Worldwide unified communications market generated approximately $377 million in revenue in 2006 and is forecasted to grow rapidly over the next few years generating approximately $813 million in revenue in 2011, representing a CAGR of approximately 17%. We believe the growth in unified communication products may not reach its full potential due to the lack of transparent and seamless security as users hesitate to place their presence information online for all to see and as organizations block access due to the lack of credentials verified by a neutral third party. Our solutions help address these concerns and should enable significant growth in the unified communications market.

Our Solutions

Our software and technology solutions, including our secure domain name registry, our patents and our GABRIEL Connection Technology™ are designed to secure all types of real-time communications over the Internet. Our technology uses industry standard encryption methods with our patented DNS lookup mechanisms to create a secure communication link between users intending to communicate in real time over the Internet. Our technology can be built into network infrastructure, operating systems or silicon chips developed for a communication or computing device to secure real-time communications over the Internet between any number of devices. Our technology automatically encrypts data allowing organizations and individuals to establish communities of secure, registered users and transmit information between multiple devices, networks and operating systems. These secure network communities, which we call secure private domains, or SPDs, are designed to be fully-customizable and support rich content applications such as IM, VoIP, mobile services, streaming video, file transfer and remote desktop in a completely secure environment. Our approach is a unique and patented solution that provides the robust security platform required by these rich content applications and real-time communications over the Internet. The key benefits and features of our technology include the following:

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Automatic and seamless to the user. After a one-time registration, users connect securely on a “zero-click” or “single-click” basis.

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Secure data communications. Users create secure networks with people they trust and communicate over a secure channel.

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Control of data at all times. Users can secure and customize their unified communication and collaboration applications such as file sharing and remote desktop with policy-based access and secure presence information.

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Authenticated users. Users know they are communicating with authenticated users with secure domain names.

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Application-agnostic technology. Our solution provides security at the IP layer of the network by using patented DNS lookup mechanisms to make connections between secure domain names, thereby obviating the need to provide application specific security.

Competitive Strengths

We believe the following competitive strengths will enable our success in the marketplace:

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Unique patented technology. We are focused on developing innovative technology for securing real-time communications over the Internet, and establishing the exclusive secure domain name registry in the United States and other key markets around the world. Our unique solutions combine industry standard encryption methods and communication protocols with our patented techniques for automated DNS lookup mechanisms. Our technology and patented approach enables users to create a secure communication link by generating secure domain names. We have a strong portfolio comprised of 12 patents in the United States and eight international patents, as well as several pending U.S. and foreign patent applications. Our portfolio includes patents and pending patent applications in the United States and other key markets that support our secure domain name registry service for the Internet.

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Scalable licensing business model. Our intellectual property portfolio is the foundation of our business model. We are actively engaged in commercializing our intellectual property portfolio by pursuing licensing agreements with OEMs, service providers and system integrators within the IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications end-markets. We have engaged ipCapital Group to accelerate our patent and technology licensing program with customers and to expand the depth of our intellectual property portfolio, and we are actively pursuing our first licensing agreements. We believe that our licensing business model is highly scalable and has the potential to generate strong margins once we achieve significant revenue growth.

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Highly experienced research and development team. Our research and development team is comprised of nationally recognized network security and encryption technology scientists and experts that have worked together as a team for over ten years and, collectively, have over 120 years of experience in the field. During their careers, this team has developed several cutting-edge technologies for U.S. national defense, intelligence and civilian agencies, many of which remain critical to our national security today. Prior to joining VirnetX, our team worked for SAIC during which time they invented the technology that is the foundation of our patent portfolio, technology, and software. Based on the collective knowledge and experience of our development team, we believe that we have one of the most experienced and sophisticated groups of security experts researching vulnerability and threats to real-time communication over the Internet and developing solutions to mitigate these problems.

Our Strategy

Our strategy is to become the market leader in securing real-time communications over the Internet and to establish our GABRIEL Communications Technology^TM as the industry standard security platform. Key elements of our strategy are to:

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Implement a patent and technology licensing program to commercialize our intellectual property, including our GABRIEL Connection TechnologyTM.

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Establish VirnetX as the exclusive universal registry of secure domain names and to enable our customers to act as registrars for their users and broker secure communication between users on different registries.

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Leverage our existing patent portfolio and technology to develop a suite of products that can be sold directly to end-user enterprises.

In furtherance of our strategy, in March 2008, we engaged ipCapital Group to help us support and grow our licensing business. The ipCapital Group is a leading advisor on licensing technology and intellectual property. Through our alliance with ipCapital Group, we are actively engaged in discussions with several potential customers in our target markets. ipCapital Group is led by John Cronin. Prior to founding ipCapital Group, Mr. Cronin was a distinguished inventor at IBM for 17 years where he patented 100 inventions, published over 150 technical papers, received IBM’s “Most Distinguished Inventor Award,” and was recognized as IBM’s “Top Inventor.” As a member of the senior technical staff and the prestigious IBM Academy, Mr. Cronin led an intellectual asset team that spearheaded efforts to produce and manage the development of intellectual property at IBM. Eventually known as “The IBM Patent Factory,” this select group supported the division that increased IBM’s annual licensing revenue from $30 million in 1992 to more than $1 billion in 1997 when Mr. Cronin left IBM. Since its founding in 1998, ipCapital Group has supported the licensing efforts of clients across a variety of technologies and markets, resulting in transactions representing several hundred million dollars of value.

License and Service Offerings

We plan to offer a diversified portfolio of license and service offerings focused on securing real-time communications over the Internet, including:

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VirnetX patent licensing: Customers who want to develop their own implementation of the VirnetX code module for supporting secure domain names, or who want to use their own techniques that are covered by our patent portfolio for establishing secure communication links, will purchase a patent license. The number of patents licensed, and therefore the cost of the patent license to the customer, will depend upon which of the patents are used in a particular product or service. These licenses will typically include an initial license fee, as well as an ongoing royalty.

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GABRIEL Connection TechnologyTM Software Development Kit, or SDK: OEM customers who want to adopt the GABRIEL Connection TechnologyTM as their solution for establishing secure connections using secure domain names within their products will purchase an SDK license. The software development kit consists of object libraries, sample code, testing and quality assurance tools and the supporting documentation necessary for a customer to implement our technology. These tools are comprised of software for a secure domain name connection test server, a relay test server and a registration test server. Customers will pay an up-front license fee to purchase an SDK license and a royalty fee for every product shipped with the embedded VirnetX code module.

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Secure domain name registrar service: Customers, including service providers, telecommunication companies, ISPs, system integrators and OEMs can purchase a license to our secure domain name registrar service. We provide the software suite and technology support to enable such customers to provision devices with secure domain names and facilitate secure connections between registered devices. This suite includes the following server software modules:

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Registrar server software: Enables customers to operate as a secure domain name registrar that provisions devices with secure domain names. The registrar server software provides an interface for our customers to register new virtual private domains and sub-domain names. This server module must be enrolled with the VirnetX secure domain name master registry to obtain its credentials before functioning as an authorized registrar.

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Connection server software: Allows customers to provide connection services to enrolled devices. The connection services include registration of presence information for authenticated users and devices, presence information query request services, enforcement of policies and support for communication with peers behind firewalls.

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Relay server software: Allows customers to dynamically maintain connections and relay data to private IP addresses for network devices that reside behind firewalls.

Secure domain name registrar service customers will enter into a technology licensing and revenue sharing agreement with VirnetX whereby we will typically receive an up-front licensing fee for the secure domain name registrar technology, as well as ongoing annual royalties for each secure domain name issued by the customer.

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Secure domain name master registry and connection service: As part of enabling the secure domain name registrar service, we will maintain and manage the secure domain name master registry. This service will enroll all secure domain name registrar customers and generate the credentials required to function as an authorized registrar. It also provides connection services and universal name resolution, presence information and secure connections between authorized devices with secure domain names.

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Technical support services: We intend to provide high-quality technical support services to licensees and customers for the rapid customization and deployment of GABRIEL Connection TechnologyTM in an individual customer’s products and services.

Our research and development team was the team responsible for inventing the patents that form the foundation of the technology we intend to license to OEMs and service providers globally. This team has worked together for over ten years and, collectively, has over 120 years of experience in engineering and technology. We intend to leverage this experience and continue investing in research and development and, over time, expect to strengthen and expand our patent portfolio, technology, and software. While we are currently focused on securing real-time communications over the Internet and establishing the first and only secure domain name registry, we believe our existing and future intellectual property portfolio will extend to additional areas including, among others, network security and operating systems for fixed and mobile devices.

Customers

We are currently focused on commercializing our technology and are actively pursuing our first licensing agreements. We intend to license our patents and our GABRIEL Connection Technology^TM to original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, within the IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications markets. We also intend to license our patent portfolio, technology and software, including our secure domain name registry service, to communication service providers as well as to system integrators.

Marketing and Sales

We plan to employ a leveraged, partner-oriented, marketing strategy for our patent and technology licensing program. The marketing strategy for our patent and technology licensing program will primarily be focused on OEMs. We have engaged ipCapital Group to accelerate our patent and technology licensing program with these customers and are actively pursuing our first licensing agreements.

We plan to directly market our domain name registry services to our service provider and system integrator customers. ipCapital Group is also focused on building our marketing efforts with these potential customers. Additionally, we hope to leverage our relationship with SAIC to extend our offering to departments and agencies within the federal government. SAIC is a FORTUNE 500^® scientific, engineering, and technology applications company that uses its deep domain knowledge to solve problems of vital importance to the nation and the world, in national security, energy and the environment, critical infrastructure, and health.

Once we begin generating revenue, we intend to build a sales force that will be responsible for managing existing accounts and pursuing licensing and sales opportunities with new customers.

Competition

We believe our technology and solutions will compete primarily against various proprietary security solutions. We group these solutions into three main categories:

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Proprietary or home-grown application specific security solutions have been developed by vendors and integrated directly into their products for our target markets including IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence, and unified communications. These proprietary solutions have been developed due to the lack of standardized approaches to securing real-time communications. This approach has led to corporate networks that are isolated and, as a result, restrict enterprises to using these next-generation networks within the boundaries of their private network. These solutions generally do not provide security for communications over the Internet or require network administrators to manually exchange keys and other security parameters with each destination network outside their corporate network boundary. The cost-savings and other benefits of IP-based real-time communications are significantly limited by this approach to securing real-time communications.

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A session border controller, or SBC, is a device used in networks to exert control over the signaling and media streams involved in establishing, conducting and terminating VoIP calls. Signaling protocols such as SIP and XMPP, transfer information including endpoint IP addresses and port numbers in a manner that prevents this information from being seen by a traditional firewall or network address translation, or NAT, device, and reaching the intended destination. SBCs are used in physical networks to address these limitations and enable real-time session traffic to cross the boundaries created by firewalls and other NAT devices and enable VoIP calls to be established successfully. However, SBCs must decrypt and analyze every single data packet for the information to be transmitted successfully, thereby preventing end-to-end encryption. This network design results in SBCs becoming a single point of congestion on the network, as well as a single point of failure. SBCs are also limited to the physical network they secure.

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SIP firewalls, or SIP-aware firewalls, and application layer gateways, manage and protect the traffic, flow and quality of VoIP and other SIP-related communications. They perform real-time network address translation and dynamic firewall functions and support multiple signaling protocols, and media functionality, allowing secure interconnection and the flow of IP media streams across multiple networks. While SIP firewalls assist in analyzing SIP traffic transmitted over the corporate network to filter out various threats, they do not necessarily encrypt the traffic. As a result, this traffic is not entirely secure from end-to-end nor is it protected against threats like man-in-middle and eavesdropping.

Intellectual Property and Patent Rights

Our intellectual property is primarily comprised of trade secrets, patented know-how, issued and pending patents and technological innovation.

We have a strong portfolio comprised of 12 patents in the United States and eight international patents, as well as several pending U.S. and foreign patent applications. Our patent portfolio is primarily focused on securing real-time communications over the Internet, as well as related services such as the establishment and maintenance of a secure domain name registry. Our software and technology solutions also have additional applications in operating systems and network security.

We have included a list of our U.S. patents below. Each patent below is publicly accessible on the Internet website of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office at www.uspto.gov. The various terms of our issued U.S. and foreign patents will expire during the period from 2019 to 2024.

U.S. Patent
Number
Link to Patent		Title of Patent
6,502,135		Agile network protocol for secure communications with assured system availability
6,618,761		Agile network protocol for secure communications with assured system availability
6,826,616		Method for establishing secure communication link between computers of virtual private network
6,834,310		Preventing packet flooding of a computer on a computer network
6,839,759		Method for establishing secure communication link between computers of virtual private network without user entering any cryptographic information
6,907,473		Agile network protocol for secure communications with assured system availability
7,010,604		Agile network protocol for secure communications with assured system availability
7,133,930		Agile network protocol for secure communications with assured system availability
7,188,180		Method for establishing secure communication link between computers of virtual private network
7,209,479		Third party VPN certification
7,418,504		Agile network protocol for secure communications using secure domain names
7,490,151		Establishment of a secure communication link based on a domain name service (DNS) request

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in any of the Company’s filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that might incorporate future filings, the information set forth on the United States Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO Website, shall not be deemed to be a part of or incorporated by reference into any such filings. The Company does not warrant the accuracy or completeness, or adequacy of the USPTO Website, and expressly disclaims liability for errors or omissions on such website.

Assignment of Patents

Most of our issued patents were originally acquired from SAIC pursuant to an assignment agreement by and between VirnetX and SAIC dated December 21, 2006, and a patent license and assignment agreement by and between VirnetX and SAIC dated August 12, 2005, as amended on November 2, 2006, including documents prepared pursuant to the November amendment, and as further amended on March 12, 2008. VirnetX recorded the assignment from SAIC with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on December 21, 2006.

Key terms of these agreements are as follows:

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Patent assignment. SAIC unconditionally and irrevocably conveyed, transferred, assigned and quitclaimed all its right, title and interest in and to the patents and patent applications, as specifically set forth on Exhibit A to the assignment document recorded with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, including, without limitation, the right to sue for past infringement.

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License to SAIC outside the field of use. On November 2, 2006, we granted to SAIC an exclusive, royalty free, fully paid, perpetual, worldwide, irrevocable, sublicensable and transferable right and license permitting SAIC and its assignees to make, have made, import, use, offer for sale, and sell products and services covered by, and to make improvements to, the patents and patent applications we acquired from SAIC, solely outside our field of use. We have, and retain, all right, title and interest to all our patents within our field of use. Our field of use is defined as the field of secure communications in the following areas: virtual private networks, or VPNs; secure VoIP; electronic mail, or e-mail; video conferencing; communications logging; dynamic uniform resource locators, or URLs; denial of service; prevention of functional intrusions; IP hopping; voice messaging and unified messaging; live voice and IP PBXs; voice web video conferencing and collaboration; IM; minimized impact of viruses; and secure session initiation protocol or SIP. Our field of use is not limited by any predefined transport mode or medium of communication (for example, wire, fiber, wireless, or mixed medium). On March 12, 2008, SAIC relinquished the November 2, 2006, exclusive grant back license outside our field of use, as well as any right to obtain such exclusive license in the future. Effective March 12, 2008, we granted to SAIC a non-exclusive, royalty free, fully paid, perpetual, worldwide, irrevocable, sublicensable and transferable right and license permitting SAIC and its assignees to make, have made, import, use, offer for sale, and sell products and services covered by, and to make improvements to, the patents and patent applications we acquired from SAIC, solely outside our field of use.

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Compensation obligations. As consideration for the assignment of the patents and for the rights we obtained from SAIC as a result of the March 12, 2008 amendment, we are required to make payments to SAIC based on the revenue generated from our ownership or use of the patents assigned to us by SAIC.

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Our compensation obligation includes payment of royalties, in an amount equal to (a) 15% of all gross revenues generated by us in our field of use less (1) trade, quantity and cash discounts allowed, (2) commercially reasonable commissions, discounts, refunds, rebates, chargebacks, retroactive price adjustments and other allowances which effectively reduce the net selling price, and which are based on arms length terms and are customary and standard in VirnetX’s industry, and (3) actual product returns and allowances; (b) 15% of all non-license gross revenues generated by us outside our field of use less (1) trade, quantity and cash discounts allowed, (2) commercially reasonable commissions, discounts, refunds, rebates, chargebacks, retroactive price adjustments and other allowances which effectively reduce the net selling price, and which are based on arms length terms and are customary and standard in VirnetX’s industry, and (3) actual product returns and allowances; and (c) 50% of all license revenues generated by us outside our field of use less (1) trade, quantity and cash discounts allowed, (2) commercially reasonable commissions, discounts, refunds, rebates, chargebacks, retroactive price adjustments and other allowances which effectively reduce the net selling price, and which are based on arms length terms and are customary and standard in VirnetX’s industry, and (3) actual product returns and allowances.

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Royalty payments are calculated based on each quarter and payment is due within 30 days following the end of each quarter.

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Beginning 18 months after January 1, 2007, we must make a minimum guaranteed annual royalty payment of $50,000.

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The maximum cumulative royalty paid in respect to our revenue-generating activities in our field of use shall be no more than $35 million.

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In addition to the royalties, in the circumstances and subject to the limitations specified in the November amendment, SAIC shall be entitled to receive 10% of any proceeds, revenues, monies or any other form of consideration paid for the acquisition of VirnetX by Microsoft or any other party alleged to be infringing the patents or patent applications we acquired from SAIC, up to a maximum amount of $35 million. Any such payments to SAIC shall be credited against the $35 million maximum cumulative royalty payable with respect to our revenue-generating activities in our field of use.

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In the event that VirnetX receives any proceeds, recovery or other form of compensation (other than acquisition proceeds) as a result of any action or proceeding brought by VirnetX against Microsoft or certain other alleged infringing companies to resolve a claim of infringement or enforcement relating to the patents and patent applications we acquired from SAIC, or as a result of negotiations with such entities, as further consideration for the assignment of the patents, in lieu of any amounts otherwise owing to SAIC we must pay to SAIC 35% of the excess of such proceeds over all costs incurred in connection with any such litigation, without a cap. Any payment to SAIC of amounts with respect to such proceeds shall be credited against the $35 million maximum cumulative royalty payable with respect to our revenue-generating activities in our field of use.

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In the event that VirnetX receives any proceeds, recovery or other form of compensation as a result of any action or proceeding brought by VirnetX against parties other than Microsoft and certain other alleged infringing companies, with respect to which VirnetX is required to notify SAIC of infringement under the terms of the November amendment to resolve a claim of infringement or enforcement relating to the patents and patent applications we acquired from SAIC, or as a result of negotiations with such entities (other than acquisition proceeds) as further consideration for the assignment of the patents, in lieu of any amounts otherwise owing to SAIC we must pay to SAIC 25% of the excess of such proceeds over all costs incurred in connection with any such litigation, without a cap. Any payment to SAIC of amounts with respect to such proceeds shall be credited against the $35 million maximum cumulative royalty payable with respect to our revenue-generating activities in our field of use.

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Reversion to SAIC upon breach or default. We must convey, transfer, assign and quitclaim to SAIC all of our right, title and interest in and to the patents or patent applications we acquired from SAIC, upon the first occurrence of the following reversion events:

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our failure to pay SAIC an aggregate cumulative amount of at least $7.5 million within seven years after January 1, 2007;

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our failure to pay the $50,000 minimum annual royalty that has not been cured within 90 days after our receipt of written notice of such failure; or

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for the period prior to the date of our full payment of the $35 million maximum cumulative royalty, any termination of the August 2005 agreement with SAIC, as amended.

If a reversion event occurs due to our failure to pay SAIC an aggregate cumulative amount of at least $7.5 million within seven years after January 1, 2007, then we will receive from SAIC a non-exclusive license to the reverting patents in our field of use.

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Rights to bring and control actions for infringement and enforcement. In addition to the exclusive right to bring and control any action or proceeding with respect to infringement or enforcement of our patents, and to collect damages and fees for past, present and future infringement, both in and outside of our field of use, we also have the first right to negotiate with or bring a lawsuit against any and all third parties for purposes of enforcing our patents, regardless of the field of use.

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Security agreement. We granted SAIC a security interest in some of our intellectual property, including the patents and patent applications we obtained from SAIC, to secure our payment obligations to SAIC described above.

Government Regulation

The laws governing online secure communications remain largely unsettled, even in areas where there has been legislative action. It may take years to determine whether and how existing laws governing intellectual property, privacy and libel apply to online media. Such legislation may interfere with the growth in use of online secure communications and decrease the acceptance of online secure communications as a viable solution, which could adversely affect our business.

Due to the Internet’s popularity and increasing use, new laws regulating secure communications may be adopted. These laws and regulations may cover, among other things, issues relating to privacy, pricing, taxation, telecommunications over the Internet, content, copyrights, distribution and quality of products and services. We intend to comply with all new laws and regulations as they are adopted.

The U.S. government has historically controlled the authoritative domain name system, or DNS, root server since the inception of the Internet. On July 1, 1997, the President of the United States directed the U.S. Secretary of Commerce to privatize the management of the domain name system in a manner that increases competition and facilitates international participation in its management.

On September 29, 2006, the U.S. Department of Commerce extended its delegation of authority by entering into a new agreement with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, or ICANN, a California non-profit corporation headquartered in Marina Del Rey, California. ICANN is responsible for managing the accreditation of registry providers and registrars that manage the assignment of top level domain names associated with the authoritative DNS root directory. Although it is possible to create and manage other DNS root directories privately without accreditation from ICANN, the possibility of conflicting name and number assignments makes it less likely that users would widely adopt a top level domain name associated with an alternative DNS root directory provided by a non-ICANN-accredited registry service.

On June 26, 2008, ICANN announced that it will be relaxing its prior position and will begin to issue generic top level domain names, or gTLDs, more broadly than it had previously. ICANN expects to begin to take applications for gTLDs in April or May of 2009 with an application fee of $100,000 or more per application. ICANN expects the first of these customized gTLDs to be issued in the fourth quarter of 2009.

We are currently evaluating whether we will apply to become an ICANN-accredited registry provider with respect to one or more customized gTLDs, or create our own alternative DNS root directory to manage the assignment of non-standard secure domain names. We have not yet begun discussions with ICANN and we cannot assure you that we will be successful in obtaining ICANN accreditation for our registry service on terms acceptable to us or at all. Whether or not we obtain accreditation from ICANN, we will be subject to the ongoing risks arising out of the delegation of the U.S. government’s responsibilities for the domain name system to the U.S. Department of Commerce and ICANN and the evolving government regulatory environment with respect to domain name registry services.

Employees

As of December 31, 2008, we had 12 full-time employees.

Corporate Overview and History

PASW, Inc. was incorporated in the State of California in November 1992. PASW, Inc. reincorporated in the State of Delaware in March 2007. From inception until January 2003, PASW, Inc. was engaged in the business of developing and licensing software that enabled Internet and web based communications. In January 2003, PASW, Inc. sold all of its operating assets and became a publicly traded company with limited operations.

VirnetX, Inc., which we refer to throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K as VirnetX, was incorporated in the State of Delaware in August 2005. In November 2006, VirnetX acquired certain patents from SAIC. In July 2007, we effected a reverse merger between PASW, Inc. and VirnetX, which became our principal operating subsidiary. As a result of this merger, the former security holders of VirnetX came to own a majority of our outstanding common stock. On October 29, 2007, we changed our name from PASW, Inc. to VirnetX Holding Corporation.

Available Information

We file or furnish various reports, such as registration statements, periodic and current reports, proxy statements and other materials with the SEC. Our Internet website address is www.virnetx.com. You may obtain, free of charge on our Internet website, copies of our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The information we post is intended for reference purposes only; none of the information posted on our website is part of this report or incorporated by reference herein.

In addition to the materials that are posted on our website, you may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and other information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including us, that file electronically with the SEC. The Internet address of the SEC’s Internet site is http://www.sec.gov.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

You should carefully consider the following material risks in addition to the other information set forth in Annual Report on Form 10-K before making any investment in the offered securities. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business. If any of these risk factors occurs, you could lose substantial value or your entire investment in the offered securities.

Risks Related To Existing and Future Litigation

We have commenced legal proceedings against Microsoft, and we expect such litigation to be time-consuming and costly, which may adversely affect our financial condition and our ability to operate our business.

On February 15, 2007, we initiated a lawsuit by filing a complaint against Microsoft in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division, pursuant to which we allege that Microsoft infringes two of our patents regarding the creation of virtual private networks, or VPNs. We seek damages and injunctive relief. On April 5, 2007, we filed an amended complaint, pursuant to which we allege that Microsoft infringes a third patent. On February 17, 2009, a Markman hearing on claim construction was conducted and the parties are currently awaiting the Court’s order with respect to the hearing. We anticipate that these legal proceedings may continue for several years and may require significant expenditures for legal fees and other expenses. The time and effort required of our management to effectively pursue the Microsoft lawsuit may adversely affect our ability to operate our business, since time spent on matters related to the lawsuit will take away from the time spent on managing and operating our business. Microsoft has counterclaimed for declarations that the three patents are not infringed, are invalid and are unenforceable. If Microsoft’s counterclaims are successful, they may preclude our ability to commercialize our initial products. Additionally, we anticipate that our legal fees will be material and will negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations and may result in our inability to continue our business.

While we believe Microsoft infringes our patents, we can provide no assurance that we will be successful in our lawsuit.

We believe that Microsoft infringes on three of our patents, but obtaining and collecting a judgment against Microsoft may be difficult or impossible. Patent litigation is inherently risky and the outcome is uncertain. Microsoft is a large, well-financed company with substantially greater resources than us. We believe that Microsoft will devote a substantial amount of resources in an attempt to prove that either their products do not infringe our patents or that our patents are not valid and are unenforceable. At this time, we cannot predict the outcome of this litigation.

We are devoting a substantial amount of our financial and management resources to the Microsoft litigation, and if we are unsuccessful in this lawsuit, our financial condition may be so adversely affected, we may not survive.

Currently, we are devoting substantial time, effort and financial resources to our lawsuit against Microsoft. We are a development stage company with no finished product, and, although our business strategy is focused primarily on bringing patented products to market, our business strategy also depends greatly on obtaining a judgment in our favor from the courts and collecting such judgment before our financial resources are depleted. In the event we are not awarded and do not subsequently obtain monetary and injunctive relief, we may not have enough financial resources to continue our operations.

The burdens of being a public company may adversely affect our ability to pursue the Microsoft litigation.

As a public company, our management must devote substantial time, attention and financial resources to comply with U.S. securities laws. This may have a material adverse affect on management’s ability to effectively pursue the Microsoft litigation as well as our other business initiatives. In addition, our disclosure obligations under U.S. securities laws require us to disclose information publicly that will be available to Microsoft as well as any other future litigation opponents. We may, from time to time, be required to disclose information that will have a material adverse affect on our litigation strategies. This information may enable our litigation opponents to develop effective litigation strategies that are contrary to our interests.

We may commence additional legal proceedings against third parties who we believe are infringing on our intellectual property rights, and if we are forced to litigate to defend our intellectual property rights, or to defend claims by third parties against us relating to intellectual property rights, legal fees and court injunctions could adversely affect our financial condition or end our business.

Disputes regarding the ownership of technologies and intellectual property rights are common and we may have intellectual property infringement claims against other parties in addition to our claims against Microsoft. If we decide to commence actions against any additional parties, doing so may be expensive and time-consuming, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, there can be no assurance that we would be successful in these additional legal proceedings and the existence and outcome of any such litigation could harm our business. In addition, commencing lawsuits may lead to potential counterclaims which may preclude our ability to develop and commercialize our initial products.

Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry

We are a development stage company with virtually no revenues.

We are a development stage company with a very small amount of revenue and do not expect to generate additional revenues unless and until our patent portfolio, or part of it, is commercialized. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents are insufficient to fund our operations for longer than through the end of our second quarter of 2009. We need to raise additional capital to fund our operations and our litigation against Microsoft and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in doing so on acceptable terms or at all. Inability to generate sufficient cash flow or raise other funds to meet our expenses, obligations and sustain our operations raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. See the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section in this Annual Report for additional information.

We anticipate incurring operating losses and negative cash flows for the foreseeable future resulting in uncertainty of future profitability and limitations on our operations.

We anticipate that we will incur operating losses and negative cash flows in the foreseeable future, and we will accumulate increasing deficits as we increase our expenditures for:

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our lawsuit against Microsoft;

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infrastructure;

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sales and marketing;

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research and development;

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personnel; and

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general business enhancements.

We need to significantly increase our revenue if we are to attain profitability and there is no assurance that we will be able to do so. As discussed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report, in the event that we are unable to achieve profitability or raise sufficient funding to cover our losses in the near term, we will be unable to meet our expenses and obligations as they come due, and this raises substantial doubts as to our ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Our business plan for commercializing our patents and technology is new and unproven, and therefore we can provide no assurance that we will be successful in pursuing it.

We intend to develop products to provide a security platform for real-time communications; however, this is not a defined market. We expect to depend on our intellectual property licensing fees for the majority of our revenues. Our ability to generate licensing fees is highly dependent on mainstream market adoption of real-time communications based on SIP or using DNS lookup protocols as well as customer adoption of our GABRIEL Communication Technology™ and our secure domain name registry. We cannot assure you that customers will adopt our products and services, or that we will succeed in building a profitable business based on our business plan.

We may or may not be able to capitalize on potential market opportunities related to our licensing strategy or our patent portfolio.

Our business strategy calls for us to enter into licensing relationships with the leading companies in our target market in order to reach a larger end-user base than we could reach through direct sales and marketing efforts. We have engaged ipCapital Group to help develop our licensing strategy and to introduce the Company to five potential strategic licensees of the Company’s technology. In connection with this engagement, we agreed to pay ipCapital Group 10% of the royalties of each resulting licensing arrangement, up to an aggregate maximum of $2 million per licensee, or $10 million in the aggregate. There can be no assurance that we will be able to capitalize on the potential market opportunity. Our inability to generate licensing revenues associated with the potential market opportunity could result from a number of factors, including, but not limited to:

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our capital resources may be insufficient;

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our management team may not have sufficient bandwidth to successfully capitalize on all of the opportunities identified by ipCapital Group;

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we may not be successful in entering into licensing relationships with our targeted customers on commercially acceptable terms; and

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the validity of our patents underlying the licensing opportunity is currently being challenged in our litigation against Microsoft.

Our business greatly depends on the growth of IM, VoIP, mobile services, streaming video, file transfer and remote desktop and other next-generation Internet-based applications.

We cannot assure you that next-generation Internet-based applications such as instant messaging, or IM, voice over Internet protocol, or VoIP, mobile services, streaming video, file transfer and remote desktop will continue to gain widespread market acceptance. The Internet may ultimately prove not to be a viable commercial marketplace for such applications for a number of reasons, including:

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unwillingness of consumers to shift to VoIP and use other such next-generation Internet-based applications;

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refusal to purchase security products to secure information transmitted through such applications;

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perception by the licensees of unsecure communication and data transfer;

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lack of concern for privacy by licensees and users;

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limitations on access and ease of use;

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congestion leading to delayed or extended response times;

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inadequate development of Internet infrastructure to keep pace with increased levels of use; and

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increased government regulations.

If the market for IM, VoIP, mobile services, streaming video, file transfer and remote desktop does not grow as anticipated, our business would be adversely affected.

The success of our products that secure IM, VoIP, mobile services, streaming video, file transfer and remote desktop, among other real-time communications applications, depends on the growth in the number of users, which in turn depends on the Internet gaining more widespread acceptance as the basis for these real-time communications applications. These real-time communications applications are still in early stages of market acceptance and we cannot assure you that they will continue to develop a broader audience. For example, potential new users may view VoIP as unattractive relative to traditional telephone services for a number of reasons, including the need to purchase computer headsets or the perception that the price advantage for VoIP is insufficient to justify the perceived inconvenience.

While the use of IM and other next-generation Internet-based applications has grown rapidly in personal and professional use, there can be no assurance that users will pay to secure their use of such applications.

Many services such as Microsoft, Yahoo! and America Online offer IM free of charge. However, security solutions for these services are not free, and OEMs may not want to adopt such security solutions if users of IM do not see the value and do not want to pay for such security solutions. If personal and professional users of IM and other next-generation Internet-based solutions do not want to pay for the security solutions, we will have difficulty marketing and selling our products and technologies.

We expect that we will experience long and unpredictable sales cycles, which may impact our quarterly operating results.

We expect that our sales cycles will be long and unpredictable due to a number of uncertainties such as:

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the need to educate potential customers about our patent rights and our product and service capabilities;

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customers’ willingness to invest potentially substantial resources and modify their network infrastructures to take advantage of our products;

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customers’ budgetary constraints;

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the timing of customers’ budget cycles; and

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delays caused by customers’ internal review processes.

We expect that we will be substantially dependent on a concentrated number of customers. If we are unable to establish, maintain or replace our relationships with customers and develop a diversified customer base, our revenues may fluctuate and our growth may be limited.

We expect that for the foreseeable future, a significant portion of our revenues will be generated from a limited number of customers. There can be no guarantee that we will be able to obtain such customers, or if we do so, to sustain our revenue levels from these customers. If we cannot establish, maintain or replace the limited group of customers that we anticipate will generate a substantial majority revenues, or if they do not generate revenues at the levels or at the times that we anticipate, our ability to maintain or grow our revenues will be adversely affected.

If we do not successfully develop our planned products and services in a cost-effective manner to customer demand in the rapidly evolving market for Internet and IP-based communications services, our business may fail.

The market for communications services is characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, changes in customer needs and frequent new service and product introductions. We are currently focused on developing products to provide security solutions for real-time communications. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to use new technologies effectively, to continue to develop our technical expertise, to enhance our existing services and to develop new services that meet changing customer needs on a timely and cost-effective basis. We may not be able to adapt quickly enough to changing technology, customer requirements and industry standards. If we fail to use new technologies effectively, to develop our technical expertise and new services, or to enhance existing services on a timely basis, either internally or through arrangements with third parties, our product and service offerings may fail to meet customer needs, which would adversely affect our revenues and prospects for growth.

In addition, if we are unable, for technological, legal, financial or other reasons, to adapt in a timely manner to changing market conditions or customer requirements, we could lose customers, strategic alliances and market share. Sudden changes in user and customer requirements and preferences, the frequent introduction of new products and services embodying new technologies and the emergence of new industry standards and practices could render our existing products, services and systems obsolete. The emerging nature of products and services in the technology and communications industry and their rapid evolution will require that we continually improve the performance, features and reliability of our products and services. Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to:

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design, develop, launch and/or license our planned products, services and technologies that address the increasingly sophisticated and varied needs of our prospective customers; and

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respond to technological advances and emerging industry standards and practices on a cost-effective and timely basis.

The development of our planned products and services and other patented technology involves significant technological and business risks and requires substantial expenditures and lead time. We may be unable to use new technologies effectively. Updating our technology internally and licensing new technology from third-parties may also require us to incur significant additional expenditures.

If our products do not gain market acceptance, we may not be able to fund future operations.

A number of factors may affect the market acceptance of our planned products or any other products we develop or acquire, including, among others:

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the price of our products relative to other products that seek to secure real-time communication;

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the perception by users of the effectiveness of our products;

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our ability to fund our sales and marketing efforts; and

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the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts.

If our products do not gain market acceptance, we may not be able to fund future operations, including the development of new products and/or our sales and marketing efforts for our current products, which inability would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Our products are highly technical and may contain undetected errors, which could cause harm to our reputation and adversely affect our business.

Our products are highly technical and complex and, when deployed, may contain errors or defects. In addition, we rely on third parties for software development and technology services, and there may be errors in the development processes used by our third party counterparts that may adversely affect our end products. Despite testing, some errors in our products may only be discovered after a product has been installed and used by customers. Any errors or defects discovered in our products after commercial release could result in failure to achieve market acceptance, loss of revenue or delay in revenue recognition, loss of customers and increased service and warranty cost, any of which could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, we could face claims for product liability, tort or breach of warranty, including claims relating to changes to our products made by our channel partners. The performance of our products could have unforeseen or unknown adverse effects on the networks over which they are delivered as well as on third-party applications and services that utilize our services, which could result in legal claims against us, harming our business. Furthermore, we expect to provide implementation, consulting and other technical services in connection with the implementation and ongoing maintenance of our products, which typically involves working with sophisticated software, computing and communications systems. We expect that our contracts with customers will contain provisions relating to warranty disclaimers and liability limitations, which may not be upheld. Defending a lawsuit, regardless of its merit, is costly and may divert management’s attention and adversely affect the market’s perception of us and our products. In addition, if our business liability insurance coverage proves inadequate or future coverage is unavailable on acceptable terms or at all, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely impacted.

Malfunctions of third-party communications infrastructure, hardware and software exposes us to a variety of risks we cannot control.

In addition, our business will also depend upon the capacity, reliability and security of the infrastructure owned by third parties that we will use to deploy our offerings. We have no control over the operation, quality or maintenance of a significant portion of that infrastructure or whether or not those third parties will upgrade or improve their equipment. We depend on these companies to maintain the operational integrity of our connections. If one or more of these companies is unable or unwilling to supply or expand its levels of service to us in the future, our operations could be severely interrupted. Also, to the extent the number of users of networks utilizing our future products suddenly increases, the technology platform and secure hosting services which will be required to accommodate a higher volume of traffic may result in slower response times or service interruptions. System interruptions or increases in response time could result in a loss of potential or existing users and, if sustained or repeated, could reduce the appeal of the networks to users. In addition, users depend on real-time communications; outages caused by increased traffic could result in delays and system failures. These types of occurrences could cause users to perceive that our solution does not function properly and could therefore adversely affect our ability to attract and retain licensees, strategic partners and customers.

System failure or interruption or our failure to meet increasing demands on our systems could harm our business.

The success of our license and service offerings will depend on the uninterrupted operation of various systems, secure data centers and other computer and communication networks that we establish. To the extent the number of users of networks utilizing our future products suddenly increases, the technology platform and hosting services which will be required to accommodate a higher volume of traffic may result in slower response times, service interruptions or delays or system failures. Our systems and operations will also be vulnerable to damage or interruption from:

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power loss, transmission cable cuts and other telecommunications failures;

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damage or interruption caused by fire, earthquake, and other natural disasters;

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computer viruses or software defects; and

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physical or electronic break-ins, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism, terrorist attacks and other events beyond our control.

System interruptions or failures and increases or delays in response time could result in a loss of potential or existing users and, if sustained or repeated, could reduce the appeal of the networks to users. These types of occurrences could cause users to perceive that our solution does not function properly and could therefore adversely affect our ability to attract and retain licensees, strategic partners and customers.

Any significant problem with our systems or operations could result in lost revenue, customer dissatisfaction or lawsuits against us. A failure in the operation of our secure domain name registration system could result in the inability of one or more registrars to register and maintain secure domain names for a period of time. A failure in the operation or update of the master directory that we plan to maintain could result in deletion or discontinuation of assigned secure domain names for a period of time. The inability of the registrar systems we establish, including our back office billing and collections infrastructure, and telecommunications systems to meet the demands of an increasing number of secure domain name requests could result in substantial degradation in our customer support service and our ability to process registration requests in a timely manner.

If we experience security breaches, we could be exposed to liability and our reputation and business could suffer.

We will retain certain confidential customer information in our secure data centers and secure domain name registry. It will be critical to our business strategy that our facilities and infrastructure remain secure and are perceived by the marketplace to be secure. Our secure domain name registry operations will also depend on our ability to maintain our computer and telecommunications equipment in effective working order and to reasonably protect our systems against interruption, and potentially depend on protection by other registrars in the shared registration system. The secure domain name servers that we will operate will be critical hardware to our registry services operations. Therefore, we expect to have to expend significant time and money to maintain or increase the security of our facilities and infrastructure.

Security technologies are constantly being tested by computer professionals, academics and “hackers.” Advances in the techniques for attacking security solutions could make some or all of our products obsolete or unmarketable. Likewise, if any of our products are found to have significant security vulnerabilities, then we may need to dedicate engineering and other resources to eliminate the vulnerabilities and to repair or replace products already sold or licensed to our customers. Despite our security measures, our infrastructure may be vulnerable to physical break-ins, computer viruses, attacks by hackers or similar disruptive problems. It is possible that we may have to expend additional financial and other resources to address such problems. Any physical or electronic break-in or other security breach or compromise of the information stored at our secure data centers and domain name registration systems may jeopardize the security of information stored on our premises or in the computer systems and networks of our customers. In such an event, we could face significant liability and customers could be reluctant to use our services. Such an occurrence could also result in adverse publicity and therefore adversely affect the market’s perception of the security of electronic commerce and communications over IP networks as well as of the security or reliability of our services.

We may incur significant expenses and damages because of liability claims.

An actual or perceived breach of our security solutions could result in a product liability claim against us. A substantial product liability claim against us could harm our operating results and financial condition. In addition, any actual or perceived breach of our security solution, whether or not caused by the failure of one of our products, could hurt our reputation and cause potential customers to turn to our competitors’ products.

Our ability to sell our solutions will be dependent on the quality of our technical support, and our failure to deliver high-quality technical support services could have a material adverse effect on our sales and results of operations.

If we do not effectively assist our customers in deploying our products, succeed in helping our customers quickly resolve post-deployment issues and provide effective ongoing support, or if potential customers perceive that we may not be able achieve to the foregoing, our ability to sell our products would be adversely affected, and our reputation with potential customers could be harmed. In addition, as we expand our operations internationally, our technical support team will face additional challenges, including those associated with delivering support, training and documentation in languages other than English. As a result, our failure to deliver and maintain high-quality technical support services to our customers could result in customers choosing to use our competitors’ products instead of ours in the future.

There has been increased competition for security solutions in the real-time communications industry, as more companies seek to provide products and services similar to our proposed products and services, and because larger and better-financed competitors may affect our ability to operate our business and achieve profitability, our business may fail.

We expect competition for our products and services to be intense. We expect to compete directly against other companies offering similar security products and services that will compete directly with our proposed products and services. We also expect that we will compete against established vendors within the IP-telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications markets. These companies may incorporate other competitive technologies into their product offerings, whether developed internally or by third parties. For the foreseeable future, substantially all of our competitors are likely to be larger, better-financed companies that may develop products superior to our proposed products, which could create significant competitive advantages for those companies. Our future success depends on our ability to compete effectively with our competitors. As a result, we may have difficulty competing with larger, established competitor companies. Generally, these competitors have:

•

substantially greater financial, technical and marketing resources;

•

a larger customer base;

•

better name recognition; and

•

more expansive product offerings.

These competitors are likely to command a larger market share than us, which may enable them to establish a stronger competitive position, in part, through greater marketing opportunities. Further, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in user preferences and to devote greater resources to developing and operating networks of affinity websites. These competitors may develop products or services that are comparable or superior. If we fail to address competitive developments quickly and effectively, we may not be able to remain a viable entity.

If we are not able to adequately protect our patented rights, our operations would be negatively impacted.

Our ability to compete largely depends on the superiority, uniqueness and value of our technology and intellectual property. To protect our intellectual property rights, we rely on a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, confidentiality agreements with our employees and third parties, and protective contractual provisions. Further, we can give no assurances that infringement or invalidity claims (or claims for indemnification resulting from infringement claims) will not be asserted or prosecuted against us or that any such assertions or prosecutions will not materially adversely affect our business. Regardless of whether any such claims are valid or can be successfully asserted, defending against such claims could cause us to incur significant costs and could divert resources away from our other activities. In addition, assertion of infringement claims could result in injunctions that prevent us from distributing our products. Despite these efforts, any of the following may reduce the value of our intellectual property:

•

our applications for patents, trademarks and copyrights relating to our business may not be granted and, if granted, may be challenged or invalidated;

•

issued trademarks, copyrights, or patents may not provide us with any competitive advantages;

•

our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights may not be effective in preventing misappropriation of our technology; or

•

our efforts may not prevent the development and design by others of products or technologies similar to or competitive with, or superior to those we develop.

In addition, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights in certain foreign countries where we may do business in the future or from which competitors may operate. While we have numerous pending international patents, obtaining such patents will not necessarily protect our technology or prevent our international competitors from developing similar products or technologies. Our inability to adequately protect our patented rights would have a negative impact on our operations and revenues.

In addition, legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability, and scope of protection of intellectual property rights in Internet-related businesses are uncertain and still evolving. Because of the growth of the Internet and Internet related businesses, patent applications are continuously and simultaneously being filed in connection with Internet-related technology. There are a significant number of U.S. and foreign patents and patent applications in our areas of interest, and we believe that there has been, and is likely to continue to be, significant litigation in the industry regarding patent and other intellectual property rights.

If we fail to meet our obligations to SAIC, we may lose our rights to key technologies on which our business depends.

Our business depends on our rights to and under the patents we obtained from SAIC. Our agreements with SAIC impose various obligations on us, including payment obligations and minimum royalties that we must pay to SAIC. If SAIC believes that we have failed to meet these obligations, SAIC could seek to limit or reacquire the assigned patent rights, which could lead to costly and time-consuming litigation and, potentially, a loss of our rights in these patents. During the period of any such litigation, our ability to carry out the development and commercialization of potential products could be significantly and negatively affected. The loss or restriction of our rights in our patents would result in our inability to continue our business.

When we attempt to implement our secure domain name registry services business, we may be subject to government and industry regulation and oversight which may impede our ability to achieve our business strategy.

The U.S. government has historically controlled the authoritative domain name system, or DNS, root server since the inception of the Internet. On July 1, 1997, the President of the United States directed the U.S. Secretary of Commerce to privatize the management of the domain name system in a manner that increases competition and facilitates international participation in its management.

On September 29, 2006, the U.S. Department of Commerce extended its delegation of authority by entering into a new agreement with the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, or ICANN, a California non-profit corporation headquartered in Marina Del Rey, California. ICANN is responsible for managing the accreditation of registry providers and registrars that manage the assignment of top level domain names associated with the authoritative DNS root directory. Although other DNS root directories are possible to create and manage privately without accreditation from ICANN, the possibility of conflicting name and number assignments makes it less likely that users would widely adopt a top level domain name associated with an alternative DNS root directory provided by a non-ICANN-accredited registry service.

On June 26, 2008, ICANN announced that it will be relaxing its prior position and will begin to issue generic top level domain names, or gTLDs, more broadly than it had previously. ICANN expects to begin to take applications for gTLDs in April or May of 2009 with an application fee of $100,000 or more per application. ICANN expects the first of these customized gTLDs to be issued in the fourth quarter of 2009.

We are currently evaluating whether we will apply to become an ICANN-accredited registry provider with respect to one or more customized gTLDs, or create our own alternative DNS root directory to manage the assignment of non-standard secure domain names. We have not yet begun discussions with ICANN and we cannot assure you that we will be successful in obtaining ICANN accreditation for our registry service on terms acceptable to us or at all. Whether or not we obtain accreditation from ICANN, we will be subject to the ongoing risks arising out of the delegation of the U.S. government’s responsibilities for the domain name system to the U.S. Department of Commerce and ICANN and the evolving government regulatory environment with respect to domain name registry services.

The laws governing online secure communications are largely unsettled, and if we become subject to various government regulations, costs associated with those regulations may materially adversely affect our business.

The current regulatory environment for our services remains unclear. We can give no assurance that our planned product offerings will be in compliance with local, state and/or U.S. federal laws or other laws. Further, we can give no assurance that we will not unintentionally violate such laws or that such laws will not be modified, or that new laws will be enacted in the future which would cause us to be in violation of such laws.

VoIP services are not currently subject to all of the same regulations that apply to traditional telephony. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission has imposed some traditional telephony requirements on VoIP such as disability access requirements and other obligations. It is possible that federal and state legislatures may seek to impose increased fees and administrative burdens on VoIP, data and video providers. Such regulations could result in substantial costs depending on the technical changes required to accommodate the requirements, and any increased costs could erode the pricing advantage over competing forms of communication and adversely affect consumer adoption of VoIP products generally.

The use of the Internet and private IP networks to provide voice, video and other forms of real-time, two-way communications services is a relatively recent development. Although the provisioning of such services is currently permitted by U.S. law and is largely unregulated within the United States, several foreign governments have adopted laws and/or regulations that could restrict or prohibit the provisioning of voice communications services over the Internet or private IP networks. More aggressive domestic or international regulation of the Internet in general, and Internet telephony providers and services specifically, may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and future prospects, particularly if increased numbers of governments impose regulations restricting the use and sale of IP telephony services.

In addition to regulations addressing Internet telephony and broadband services, other regulatory issues relating to the Internet in general could affect our ability to provide our planned security solutions. Congress has adopted legislation that regulates certain aspects of the Internet, including online content, user privacy, taxation, liability for third-party activities and jurisdiction. In addition, a number of initiatives pending in Congress and state legislatures would prohibit or restrict advertising or sale of certain products and services on the Internet, which may have the effect of raising the cost of doing business on the Internet generally.

Telephone carriers have petitioned governmental agencies to enforce regulatory tariffs, which, if granted, would increase the cost of online communication, and such increase in cost may impede the growth of online communication and adversely affect our business.

The growing popularity and use of the Internet has burdened the existing telecommunications infrastructures, and many high traffic areas have begun to experience interruptions in service. As a result, certain local telephone carriers have petitioned governmental agencies to enforce regulatory tariffs on IP telephony traffic that crosses over the traditional telephone networks. If any of these petitions or the relief that they seek is granted, the costs of communicating via online could increase substantially, potentially adversely affecting the growth in the use of online secure communications. Any of these developments could have an adverse effect on our business.

The departure of Kendall Larsen, our Chief Executive Officer and President, and/or other key personnel could compromise our ability to execute our strategic plan and may result in additional severance costs to us.

Our success largely depends on the skills, experience and efforts of our key personnel, including Kendall Larsen, our Chief Executive Officer and President. We have no employment agreements with any of our key executives that prevent them from leaving us at any time. In addition, we do not maintain key person life insurance for any of our officers or key employees. The loss of Mr. Larsen, or our failure to retain other key personnel, would jeopardize our ability to execute our strategic plan and materially harm our business.

We will need to recruit and retain additional qualified personnel to successfully grow our business.

Our future success will depend in part on our ability to attract and retain qualified operations, marketing and sales personnel as well as engineers. Inability to attract and retain such personnel could adversely affect our business. Competition for engineering, sales, marketing and executive personnel is intense, particularly in the technology and Internet sectors and in the regions where our facilities are located. We can provide no assurance that we will attract or retain such personnel.

Growth of internal operations and business may strain our financial resources.

We intend to significantly expand the scope of our operating and financial systems in order to build our business. Our growth rate may place a significant strain on our financial resources for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to, the following:

•

the need for continued development of the financial and information management systems;

•

the need to manage relationships with future licensees, resellers, distributors and strategic partners;

•

the need to hire and retain skilled management, technical and other personnel necessary to support and manage our business; and

•

the need to train and manage our employee base.

The addition of new infrastructure services, networks, vertical categories and affinity websites and the attention they demand, on top of the attention demanded by our pending litigation with Microsoft, may also strain our management resources. We cannot give you any assurance that we will adequately address these risks and, if we do not, our ability to successfully expand our business could be adversely affected.

If we expand into international markets, our inexperience outside the United States would increase the risk that our international expansion efforts will not be successful, which would in turn limit our prospects for growth.

We may explore expanding our business to outside the United States. Expansion into international markets requires significant management attention and financial resources. In addition, we may face the following risks associated with any expansion outside the United States:

•

challenges caused by distance, language and cultural differences;

•

legal, legislative and regulatory restrictions;

•

currency exchange rate fluctuations;

•

economic instability;

•

longer payment cycles in some countries;

•

credit risk and higher levels of payment fraud;

•

potentially adverse tax consequences; and

•

other higher costs associated with doing business internationally.

These risks could harm our international expansion efforts, which would in turn harm our business prospects.

We will continue to incur significant costs as a result of being a public company.

As a public company, we will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that VirnetX did not incur as a private company. We expect the laws, rules and regulations governing public companies to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some activities more time-consuming and costly, and these costs could be material to us.

Failing to maintain the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting could cause the cost related to remediation to increase and could cause our stock price to decline.

In the future, our management may identify deficiencies regarding the design and effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting that we engage in pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“Section 404”) as part of our Form 10-K. Such deficiencies could include those arising from turnover of qualified personnel or arising as a result of acquisitions, which we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the continuing reporting deadlines imposed by Section 404 and the costs of which may harm our results of operations. In addition, if we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to ensure that our management can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls. We also may not be able to retain an independent registered public accounting firm with sufficient resources to attest to and report on our internal controls in a timely manner. Moreover, our registered public accounting firm may not agree with our management’s future assessments and may deem our controls ineffective if we are unable to remediate on a timely basis. If in the future we are unable to assert that we maintain effective internal controls, our investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports that in turn could cause our stock price to decline.

Our ability to sell our solutions will be dependent on the quality of our technical support, and our failure to deliver high-quality technical support services could have a material adverse effect on our sales and results of operations.

If we do not effectively assist our customers in deploying our products, succeed in helping our customers quickly resolve post-deployment issues and provide effective ongoing support, or if potential customers perceive that we may not be able achieve the foregoing, our ability to sell our products would be adversely affected, and our reputation with potential customers could be harmed. In addition, as we expand our operations internationally, our technical support team will face additional challenges, including those associated with delivering support, training and documentation in languages other than English. As a result, our failure to deliver and maintain high-quality technical support services to our customers could result in customers choosing to use our competitors’ products instead of ours in the future.

Risks Related to Our Stock

Our business is subject to risks associated with the ongoing financial crisis and weakening global economy.

The recent severe tightening of the credit markets, turmoil in the financial markets, and weakening global economy impacts our ability to raise needed capital and enter into customer agreements. These slowdowns are expected to worsen if these economic conditions are prolonged or deteriorate further. Further, these conditions and uncertainty about future economic conditions make it challenging for us to forecast our operating results, make business decisions, and identify the risks that may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we are not able to timely and appropriately adapt to changes resulting from the difficult macroeconomic environment, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be significantly negatively affected.

Trading in our common stock is limited and the price of our common stock may be subject to substantial volatility, particularly in light of the instability in the financial and capital markets.

Our common stock is listed on NYSE Amex but its daily trading volume has been limited, sporadic and volatile, particularly in light of the ongoing financial crisis. Economic uncertainty tends to exacerbate volatility in the financial markets. In the past several months, the market price of our common stock has experienced significant fluctuation. Between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2008, the reported last sale price for our common stock has ranged from $7.06 to $0.89 per share. With such volatility, there can be no assurance that we will remain qualified to be listed on NYSE Amex. We expect the price of our common stock to continue to be volatile as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the following:

•

developments in our pending litigation against Microsoft;

•

quarterly variations in our operating results;

•

large purchases or sales of common stock;

•

actual or anticipated announcements of new products or services by us or competitors;

•

general conditions in the markets in which we compete; and

•

economic and financial conditions.

Because ownership of our common shares is concentrated, you and other investors will have minimal influence on stockholder decisions.

As of December 31, 2008, our officers and directors beneficially owned an aggregate of 9,385,618 shares, or 26.16% of our outstanding common stock. In addition, a group of stockholders that, as of December 31, 2007, held 4,766,666 shares, or 13.7% of our outstanding common stock, have entered into a voting agreement with us that requires them to vote all of their shares of our voting stock in favor of the director nominees approved by our Board of Directors at each director election going forward, and in a manner that is proportional to the votes cast by all other voting shares as to any other matters submitted to the stockholders for a vote. As a result, our existing officers and directors could significantly influence shareholder actions of which you disapprove or that are contrary to your interests. This ability to exercise significant influence could prevent or significantly delay another company from acquiring or merging with us.

Large portions of our outstanding common shares were released from contractual restrictions on July 5, 2008 and December 31, 2008, and sales of those shares may drive down the price of our stock.

Stockholders who received our common shares as a result of the merger between PASW, Inc. and VirnetX entered into a lock-up agreement restricting sales of their shares until July 5, 2008. Subsequently, certain of our stockholders signed a lock-up agreement with the underwriter in connection with our public offering in December 2007, which restricted sales of their shares until December 31, 2008. Sales of these shares released from lock-up on July 5, 2008 and December 31, 2008 may have driven down the price of our stock. The 8,489,545 shares that became eligible for trading on December 31, 2008 represented 24.3% of our outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2008.

Our protective provisions could make it difficult for a third party to successfully acquire us even if you would like to sell your shares to them.

We have a number of protective provisions that could delay, discourage or prevent a third party from acquiring control of us without the approval of our Board of Directors. Our protective provisions include:

•

A staggered Board of Directors: This means that only one or two directors (since we have a five-person Board of Directors) will be up for election at any given annual meeting. This has the effect of delaying the ability of stockholders to effect a change in control of us since it would take two annual meetings to effectively replace at least three directors which represents a majority of the Board of Directors.

•

Blank check preferred stock: Our Board of Directors has the authority to establish the rights, preferences and privileges of our 10,000,000 authorized, but unissued, shares of preferred stock. Therefore, this stock may be issued at the discretion of our Board of Directors with preferences over your shares of our common stock in a manner that is materially dilutive to existing stockholders. In addition, blank check preferred stock can be used to create a “poison pill” which is designed to deter a hostile bidder from buying a controlling interest in our stock without the approval of our Board of Directors. We have not adopted such a “poison pill;” but our Board of Directors has the ability to do so in the future, very rapidly and without stockholder approval.

•

Advance notice requirements for director nominations and for new business to be brought up at stockholder meetings: Stockholders wishing to submit director nominations or raise matters to a vote of the stockholders must provide notice to us within very specific date windows and in very specific form in order to have the matter voted on at a stockholder meeting. This has the effect of giving our Board of Directors and management more time to react to stockholder proposals generally and could also have the effect of disregarding a stockholder proposal or deferring it to a subsequent meeting to the extent such proposal is not raised properly.

•

No stockholder actions by written consent: No stockholder or group of stockholders may take actions rapidly and without prior notice to our Board of Directors and management or to the minority stockholders. Along with the advance notice requirements described above, this provision also gives our Board of Directors and management more time to react to proposed stockholder actions.

•

Super majority requirement for stockholder amendments to the By-laws: Stockholder proposals to alter or amend our By-laws or to adopt new By-laws can only be approved by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding shares.

•

Elimination of the ability of stockholders to call a special meeting of the stockholders: Only the Board of Directors or management can call special meetings of the stockholders. This could mean that stockholders, even those who represent a significant block of our shares, may need to wait for the annual meeting before nominating directors or raising other business proposals to be voted on by the stockholders.

Securities analysts may not cover our common stock and this may have a negative impact on our common stock’s market price.

The trading market for our common stock may depend on the research and reports that securities analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. There is no guarantee that securities analysts will cover our common stock. If securities analysts do not cover our common stock, the lack of research coverage may adversely affect our common stock’s market price. If we are covered by securities analysts, and our stock is downgraded, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases to cover us or fails to publish regularly reports on us, we could lose or fail to gain visibility in the financial markets, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

We may seek to raise additional funds, finance acquisitions or develop strategic relationships by issuing capital stock that would dilute your ownership.

We have financed our operations, and we expect to continue to finance our operations, acquisitions and develop strategic relationships, by issuing equity or convertible debt securities, which could significantly reduce the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders. Furthermore, any newly issued securities could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stock. Moreover, any issuances by us of equity securities may be at or below the prevailing market price of our stock and in any event may have a dilutive impact on your ownership interest, which could cause the market price of stock to decline. We may also raise additional funds through the incurrence of debt or the issuance or sale of other securities or instruments senior to our common shares. The holders of any debt securities or instruments we may issue would have rights superior to the rights of our common stockholders.

We have no current intention of declaring or paying any cash dividends on our common stock.

We do not plan to declare or pay any cash dividends on our common stock. Our current policy is to use all funds and any earnings in the operation and expansion of our business.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2. Properties.

Our principal executive offices are located at 5615 Scotts Valley Drive, Suite 110, Scotts Valley, California 95066. We lease this property from a third party for a term that ends in 2012. We have no other properties and believe that our office facility is suitable and appropriately supports our current business needs.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

We believe Microsoft Corporation is infringing certain of our patents. Accordingly, we commenced a lawsuit against Microsoft on February 15, 2007 by filing a complaint in the United States District Court of the Eastern District of Texas, Tyler Division. Pursuant to the complaint, we allege that Microsoft infringes two of our U.S. patents: U.S. Patent No. 6,502,135 B1, entitled “Agile Network Protocol for Secure Communications with Assured System Availability,” and U.S. Patent No. 6,839,759 B2, entitled “Method for Establishing Secure Communication Link Between Computers of Virtual Private Network Without User Entering Any Cryptographic Information.” On April 5, 2007, we filed an amended complaint specifying certain accused products at issue and alleging infringement of a third, recently issued U.S. patent: U.S. Patent No. 7,188,180 B2, entitled “Method for Establishing Secure Communication Link Between Computers of Virtual Private Network.” We are seeking both damages, in an amount subject to proof at trial, and injunctive relief. Microsoft answered the amended complaint and asserted counterclaims against us on May 4, 2007. Microsoft counterclaimed for declarations that the three patents are not infringed, are invalid and are unenforceable. Microsoft seeks an award of its attorneys’ fees and costs. We filed a reply to Microsoft’s counterclaims on May 24, 2007. We have served our infringement contentions directed to certain of Microsoft’s operating system and unified messaging and collaboration applications. On March 31, 2008, Microsoft filed a Motion to Dismiss for lack of standing, which was denied by the court pursuant to an order dated June 3, 2008. Also pursuant to that court decision, on June 10, 2008, SAIC joined us in our lawsuit as a plaintiff. On November 19, 2008, the court granted our motion to amend our infringement contentions, permitting us to provide increased specificity and citations to Microsoft’s proprietary documents and source code to support our infringement case against Microsoft’s accused products, including, among other things, Windows XP, Vista, Server 2003, Server 2008, Live Communication Server, Office Communication Server and Office Communicator. Microsoft was ordered to provide further information regarding its non-infringement contentions and invalidity contentions in light of the amended infringement contentions. Microsoft was also ordered to provide additional e-mail discovery to us. Microsoft was not required to search disaster recovery tapes for additional information. Discovery has begun, a Markman hearing on claim construction was conducted on February 17, 2009, and the parties are currently awaiting the Court’s order with respect to the hearing. The trial is scheduled to begin on October 12, 2009.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in any of the Company’s filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that might incorporate future filings, the information set forth on the Public Access to Court Electronic Records, or PACER, website shall not be deemed to be a part of or incorporated by reference into any such filings. The Company does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of the PACER website, or the adequacy of the PACER website and expressly disclaims liability for errors or omissions on such website.

Because we have determined that Microsoft’s alleged unauthorized use of our patents would cause us severe economic harm and the failure to cause Microsoft to discontinue its use of such patents could result in the termination of our business, we have dedicated a significant portion of our economic resources, to date, to the prosecution of the Microsoft litigation and expect to continue to do so for the foreseeable future.

Although we believe Microsoft infringes three of our patents and we intend to vigorously prosecute this case, at this stage of the litigation the outcome cannot be predicted with any degree of reasonable certainty. Additionally, the Microsoft litigation will be costly and time-consuming, and we can provide no assurance that we will obtain a judgment against Microsoft for damages and/or injunctive relief. Should the District Court issue a judgment in favor of Microsoft, and in connection with such judgment determine that we had acted in bad faith or with fraudulent intent, or we were otherwise found to have exhibited inequitable conduct, the Court could award attorney fees to Microsoft, which would be payable by us.

In the near term, we will dedicate significant time and resources to the Microsoft litigation. The risks associated with such dedication of time and resources are set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

One or more potential intellectual property infringement claims may also be available to us against certain other companies who have the resources to defend against any such claims. Although we believe these potential claims are worth pursuing, commencing a lawsuit can be expensive and time-consuming, and there is no assurance that we will prevail on such potential claims. In addition, bringing a lawsuit may lead to potential counterclaims which may preclude our ability to commercialize our initial products, which are currently in development.

Currently, we are not a party to any other pending legal proceedings, and are not aware of any proceeding threatened or contemplated against us by any governmental authority or other party.

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

No matters were submitted to our security holders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report.

PART II

Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

Our common stock currently trades under the symbol “VHC” on NYSE Amex. Before the New York Stock Exchange acquired the American Stock Exchange in 2008, our common stock had traded under the “VHC” symbol on the American Stock Exchange since December 26, 2007. Before then, our common stock traded in the over-the-counter market on the Nasdaq OTC Bulletin Board under the symbols “VNXH,” and “PASW.” Our common stock warrants issued in our public offering that closed on January 30, 2009, trade as of March 13, 2009 under the symbols VHCOW, VHCOZ and VHCOL on the OTC Bulletin Board.

The following table shows the price range of our common stock, as reported on the OTC Bulletin Board the American Stock Exchange or NYSE Amex, as applicable, for each quarter ended during the last two fiscal years and the subsequent interim periods for which financial statements are included in this Annual Report.

Quarter Ended		High				Low
3/31/07		$	5.97			$	0.63
6/30/07		$	5.10			$	3.33
9/30/07		$	5.10			$	3.96
12/31/07		$	6.75			$	4.08
3/31/08		$	6.95			$	4.26
6/30/08		$	7.06			$	3.50
9/30/08		$	4.07			$	1.26
12/31/08		$	2.98			$	0.89

The closing price of our common stock on NYSE Amex on March 26, 2009 was $1.18 per share.

Holders

As of March 26, 2009, we had 67 stockholders of record.

Dividends

We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our current policy is to retain earnings, if any, to fund operations, and the development and growth of our business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will be dependent upon our financial condition, operation results, capital requirements, applicable contractual restrictions, restrictions in our organizational documents, and any other factors that our Board of Directors deems relevant.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

On April 17, 1998, when we operated under the name PASW, Inc., we adopted an equity incentive program. Under this program, we may grant incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock bonuses and rights to acquire restricted stock to employees, directors and consultants (except for incentive stock options which may only be granted to employees). The number of shares of common stock initially reserved for issuance under this program was 150,580 shares post-split. As of December 31, 2008, there were no outstanding options or rights under this program and we don’t intend to grant any equity incentives in the future under this plan.

In connection with the merger between VirnetX Holding Corporation and VirnetX, our Board of Directors approved our adoption of the VirnetX 2005 Stock Plan, as amended, to cover grants of stock options and restricted stock units to our employees and consultants. Our Board of Directors renamed this stock plan the VirnetX 2007 Stock Plan. The total number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the VirnetX 2007 Stock Plan is 11,624,469, of which as of December 31, 2008, there were 2,651,392 shares remaining available for future grants. Our stockholders approved the VirnetX 2007 Stock Plan at our 2008 annual stockholders’ meeting.

Weighted-

Average Exercise

Number of Securities

Price of

Number of Securities

to be Issued Upon

Outstanding

Remaining Available for

Exercise of

Options,

Compensation Plans

Outstanding Options,

Warrants and

Excluding Securities

Warrants and Rights

Rights

Reflected in Column (a)

Plan Category

(a)

(b)

(c)

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders

4,468,595

2.98

2,651,392

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders

—

—

Total

4,468,595

2.98

2,651,392

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

Not applicable.

Performance Graph

The stock price performance reflected on this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

		12/03				12/04				12/05				12/06				12/07				12/08
VirnetX Holding Corporation		$	100.00			$	166.67			$	200.00			$	483.33			$	3,266.67			$	822.22
S&P 500			100.00				110.88				116.33				134.70				142.10				89.53
RDG Technology Composite			100.00				104.00				106.32				115.98				132.44				75.01

Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

You should read the selected consolidated financial data set forth below in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, the notes to our consolidated financial statements and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for future periods.

		For the Year				For the Year				For the Year				Period from August 5, 2005
		Ended				Ended				Ended				(Date of Inception)
		December 31,				December 31,				December 31,				to December 31,
		2008				2007				2006				2005
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Revenue		$	133,744			$	74,866			$	0			$	0
Operating expenses			12,355,332				8,725,210				1,407,675				882,478
Net loss			(12,072,180	)			(8,692,164	)			(1,401,339	)			(882,478	)
Loss per share		$	(.35	)		$	(.36	)			(.08	)		$	(.06	)
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	457,155			$	8,589,447			$	139,997			$	86,552
Total assets			978,982				9,279,166				195,123				147,722
Long-term obligation			160,000				204,000				0				0
Stockholders’ equity (deficit)		$	(894,351	)		$	8,495,376			$	107,737			$	(82,278	)

Item 7.		Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which provides a “safe harbor” for statements about future events, products and future financial performance that are based on the beliefs of, estimates made by and information currently available to our management. Except for the historical information contained herein, the outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks and uncertainties. See “Risk Factors” for a discussion of these risks and uncertainties. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Actual results and the outcome or timing of certain events may differ significantly from those stated or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A of Part I “Risk Factors” and other factors from time to time described in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. For this purpose, using the terms “believe,” “expect,” “expectation,” “anticipate,” “can,” “should,” “would,” “could,” “estimate,” “appear,” “based on,” “may,” “intended,” “potential,” “indicate,” “are emerging” and “possible” or similar statements are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results and the outcome and timing of certain events to differ materially from those stated or implied by these forward-looking statements. By making forward-looking statements, we have not assumed any obligation to, and you should not expect us to, update or revise those statements because of new information, future events or otherwise.

As used herein, “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company” means VirnetX Holding Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including VirnetX, collectively, on a consolidated basis.

Company Overview

We are a development stage company focused on commercializing a patent portfolio for securing real-time communications over the Internet. These patents were acquired by our principal operating subsidiary, VirnetX, from Science Applications International Corporation, or SAIC. SAIC is a FORTUNE 500^® scientific, engineering, and technology applications company that uses its deep domain knowledge to solve problems of vital importance to the nation and the world, in national security, energy and the environment, critical infrastructure, and health.

In January 2009, we closed a public offering of 2,470,000 shares of our common stock, including 270,000 of which were issued pursuant to the underwriter’s over-allotment option, plus warrants to purchase 1,235,000 shares of common stock at $2.00 per share, including 135,000 of which were issued pursuant to the underwriter’s over-allotment option, warrants to purchase 1,235,000 shares of common stock at $3.00 per share, including 135,000 of which were issued pursuant to the underwriter’s over-allotment option, and warrants to purchase 1,235,000 shares of common stock at $4.00 per share, including 135,000 of which were issued pursuant to the underwriter’s over-allotment option. The offering at $1.50 per unit raised gross proceeds of approximately $3,700,000 before deducting the underwriter’s fees and other costs of the offering. The net cash raised was approximately $3,300,000.

In December 2007, we closed an underwritten public offering of 3.45 million shares of our common stock, raising gross proceeds of $13.8 million before underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. In connection with the 2007 offering, our common shares began trading on the American Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “VHC.” Our principal business activities to date are our efforts to commercialize our patent portfolio. We also conduct the remaining activities of PASW, Inc., which are generally limited to the collection of royalties on certain Internet-based communications by a wholly-owned Japanese subsidiary of ours pursuant to the terms of a single license agreement. The revenue generated by this agreement is not significant.

Although we believe we may derive revenues in the future from our principal patent portfolio and are currently endeavoring to develop certain of those patents into marketable products, we have not done so to date. Because we have limited capital resources, our revenues are insignificant and our expenses, including but not limited to those we expect to incur in our patent infringement case against Microsoft, are substantial, we may be unable to successfully complete our business plans, our business may fail and your investment in our securities may become worthless. See “Risk Factors” for additional information.

We are in the development stage and consequently we are subject to the risks associated with development stage companies including: the need for additional financings; the uncertainty that our patent and technology licensing program development efforts will produce revenue bearing licenses for us; the uncertainty that our development initiatives will produce successful commercial products as well as the marketing and customer acceptance of such products; competition from larger organizations; dependence on key personnel; uncertain patent protection; and dependence on corporate partners and collaborators. To achieve successful operations, we will require additional capital to continue research and development and marketing efforts. No assurance can be given as to the timing or ultimate success of obtaining future funding.

Recent Developments

We announced our GABRIEL Connection Technology™ on April 1, 2008. Our GABRIEL Connection Technology™ is designed to secure all types of real-time communications over the Internet. This technology uses industry standard encryption methods with our patented DNS lookup mechanisms to create a secure communication link between users intending to communicate in real time over the Internet. This technology automatically encrypts data allowing organizations and individuals to establish communities of secure, registered users to transmit information between multiple devices and operating systems. These secure network communities, which we call secure private domains, or SPDs, are designed to be fully-customizable and support applications such as IM, VoIP, mobile services, streaming video, file transfer and remote desktop in a completely secure environment.

On May 14, 2008, we announced jointly with ipCapital Group the completion and results of ipCapital Group’s evaluation of our business model, product, patent portfolio, technology and software. The goal of the evaluation was to determine the potential commercialization value range to potential licensing partners in IP telephony, mobility, fixed-mobile convergence and unified communications markets. Based on ipCapital Group’s proprietary ipValue Model, the estimated potential commercialization value range of our business model, product, patent portfolio, technology and software indicates a significant market opportunity. We are currently in discussions with prospective customers in our target markets.

On March 31, 2008, Microsoft filed a motion to dismiss our patent infringement case against it. On June 3, 2008, the court denied Microsoft’s motion to dismiss. The court ruled that VirnetX has “constitutional standing” to sue for patent infringement. Also pursuant to the court decision, on June 10, 2008, SAIC joined us in our lawsuit as a plaintiff.

On August 26, 2008, we were awarded U.S. patent number 7,418,504 by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The new patent, titled “Agile network protocol for secure communications using secure domain names” describes a system for establishing a secure communication link using secure domain names. In conjunction with the issuance of this patent, we will seek to commercialize these exclusive rights in the United States by establishing the secure domain name registry service for the Internet. Additional information about the patent can be found on www.uspto.gov.

On October 23, 2008, our Board of Directors authorized the establishment of an advisory board and we concurrently entered into advisory board agreements with John Cronin, Paul Henderson, and John F. Slitz. The members of our advisory board collaborate with and provide advice and assistance to us, with a focus on facilitating the development and commercialization of our licensing program. We will strategically select members of our advisory board, including those appointed on October 23, 2008, who are well-informed and well-connected in fields relevant to our software and technology solutions, market direction, and future plans. Additional biographical information regarding the advisors appointed on October 23, 2008 is included under the section of this Annual Report incorporated by reference into our 2009 proxy entitled “Management.”

On November 19, 2008, the court granted our motion to amend our infringement contentions, permitting us to provide increased specificity and citations to Microsoft’s proprietary documents and source code to support our infringement case against Microsoft’s accused products, including, among other things, Windows XP, Vista, Server 2003, Server 2008, Live Communication Server, Office Communication Server and Office Communicator. Microsoft was ordered to provide further information regarding its non-infringement contentions and invalidity contentions in light of the amended infringement contentions. Microsoft was also ordered to provide additional e-mail discovery to us. Microsoft was not required to search disaster recovery tapes for additional information.

On January 30, 2009, we closed the public offering of 2,470,000 shares of our common stock at $1.50 per share. As further described in the prospectus for the offering filed on SEC’s EDGAR filing website, www.sec.gov, for each share purchased in the offering, an investor received registered warrants to purchase 0.5 shares of our common stock at $2.00 per share, 0.5 shares of our common stock at $3.00 per share and 0.5 shares of our common stock at $4.00 per share.

On February 10, 2009, VirnetX, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiary, was awarded U.S. patent number 7,490,151 by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The new patent, titled “Establishment of a secure communication link based on a domain name service (DNS) request” describes a secure mechanism for communication over the Internet. In conjunction with the issuance of this patent, we will seek to commercialize these exclusive rights in the United States by establishing the secure domain name registry service for the Internet. Additional information about the patent can be found on www.uspto.gov.

On February 19, 2009, the Markman hearing on claim construction was conducted in connection with the Microsoft litigation and the parties are currently awaiting the Court’s order with respect to the hearing.

On March 13, 2009, the common stock warrants issued in connection with our public offering that closed on January 30, 2009 were approved for listing on the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbols VHCOW, VHCOZ and VHCOL.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. The critical accounting policies we employ in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are those which involve impairment of long-lived assets, income taxes, fair value of financial instruments and stock-based compensation.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We identify and record impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations when events and changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset might not be recoverable, but not less than annually. Recoverability is measured by comparison of the anticipated future net undiscounted cash flows to the related assets’ carrying value. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the projected discounted future net cash flows arising from the asset.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes under the liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, approximate their fair values due to their short maturities.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for share-based compensation in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” or SFAS 123(R), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense in the statement of operations for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors including employee stock options based on estimated fair values. Using the modified retrospective transition method of adopting SFAS 123(R), the financial statements presented herein reflect compensation expense for stock-based awards as if the provisions of SFAS 123(R) had been applied from the date of our inception.

In addition, as required by Emerging Issues Task Force Consensus No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling Goods or Services, we record stock and options granted to non-employees at fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity investments issued as they vest over the performance period.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133, or SFAS No. 161. SFAS No. 161 requires enhanced disclosures about an entity’s derivative and hedging activities. These enhanced disclosures will discuss (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under Statement 133 and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS No. 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. We have not determined the impact, if any SFAS No. 161 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2007, the FASB ratified EITF No. 07-1, “Accounting for Collaborative Agreements.” This standard provides guidance regarding financial statement presentation and disclosure of collaborative agreements, as defined, which includes arrangements regarding the developing and commercialization of products and product candidates. EITF 07-01 is effective as of January 1, 2009. Implementation of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated statements of operations or financial position.

In June 2007, the FASB ratified EITF 07-3, “Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or Services to be used in Future Research and Development Activities.” This standard requires that nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used or rendered in future research and development activities pursuant to executory contractual arrangements be deferred and recognized as an expense in the period the related goods are delivered or services are performed. EITF No. 07-3 became effective as of January 1, 2008 and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated statements of operations or financial position upon adoption.

In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, or SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” SFAS No. 157 provides guidance for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities. It also responds to investors’ request for expanded information about the extent to which companies measure assets and liabilities at fair value, the information used to measure fair value, and the effect of fair valued measurements on earnings. SFAS No. 157 applies whenever standards require (or permit) assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value, and does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted, except for the impact of FASB Staff Position, or FSP, 157-2. FSP 157-2 deferred the adoption of SFAS 157 for non financial assets and liabilities until years ended after November 15, 2008. Adoption of these SFAS No. 157 requirements did not have a material impact on our consolidated statement of operations or financial position.

Operations

Revenue — Royalties

Revenue generated for the twelve months ended December 31, 2008 was $133,744 compared to $74,866 during the period from July 5, 2007 (the closing date of the merger between us and VirnetX, Inc.) to December 31, 2008. Our revenue in 2008 was solely limited to the royalties earned under a single license agreement through our Japanese subsidiary. We expect the revenue from this license to decrease substantially in the future. We do not intend to enter into additional licenses or generate significant revenue through our Japanese subsidiary.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development costs include expenses paid to outside development consultants and compensation-related expenses for our engineering staff. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Our research and development expenses increased from $56,000 for the period from August 2, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, to $554,187 for 2006 to $684,316 for 2007 and to $845,324 for 2008, primarily as a result of increased engineering activities for product development. We expect research and development expenses to increase as employees are hired to provide in-house research and development. While we expect to use outside contractors for additional product development on a limited basis, we expect those costs to remain level or decline.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include management and administrative personnel costs, as well as costs of outside legal, accounting, and consulting services.

Our general and administrative expenses increased from $826,478 for the period from August 2, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, to $853,488 for 2006 to $8,040,894 for 2007 and to $11,510,008 for 2008.

Within general and administrative expenses, professional fees, primarily legal fees, increased from $12,481 in the period from August 2, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005 to $133,199 in 2006 to $5,286,525 in 2007 and to $5,798,534 in 2008. The fees were incurred to pursue the litigation with Microsoft, assist in the merger between VirnetX, Inc. and VirnetX Holding Corporation, audit the financial statements, assist in obtaining financing and potential contract negotiations and in general corporate matters. Legal fees may continue to increase as our patent infringement litigation moves forward and we incur the costs associated with being an SEC reporting company.

Also within general and administrative, compensation expenses increased from $799,920 in the period from August 2, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005, to $613,757 in 2006, $2,152,000 in 2007 and $2,682,431 in 2008. Compensation expenses were higher in 2005 compared to 2006 due to the higher proportion of stock based compensation expense in 2005. The increase from 2006 to 2007 in compensation expenses is due principally to stock-based compensation expense related to stock options granted to our employees and directors and an increase in the number of our employees as we added resources to comply with reporting requirements.

Other general and administrative expenses increased from $14,077 in the period from August 2, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2005 to $106,532 in 2006 to $602,639 in 2007 and to $3,029,043 in 2008 as we incurred costs related to building our infrastructure and litigation support. We also incurred additional general and administrative expenses in connection with the implementation of a directors and officers’ insurance policy and certain legal and transaction costs associated with the negotiation, filing and closing of our public offering on Form S-1, which we closed on January 30, 2009.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We are in the development stage and have raised capital since our inception through the issuance of our equity securities. As of December 31, 2008, we had approximately $457,000 in cash. Our January 2009 common stock offering raised net proceeds to us of approximately $3,300,000. We expect to finance future cash needs primarily through proceeds from equity or debt financings, loans, and/or collaborative agreements with corporate partners. We have used the net proceeds from the sale of common and preferred stock for general corporate purposes, which have included funding research and development, litigation efforts and working capital needs.

We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents are insufficient to fund our operations for longer than through the end of our second quarter of 2009. In order to obtain additional capital, we expect to evaluate alternative financing sources, including, but not limited to, the issuance of equity or debt securities, corporate alliances, joint ventures and licensing agreements; however, there can be no assurance that funding will be available on favorable terms, if at all. We cannot assure you that we will successfully commercialize our products and services or that our products and services will gain sufficient market acceptance to enable us to earn a profit. If we are unable to obtain additional capital or generate sufficient revenue from such efforts, we may be required to cease operations or to reduce cash used in our business, including the termination of commercialization efforts that may appear to be promising, the sale of our patent portfolio or other assets, the abandonment of our litigation with Microsoft or others and the reduction in overall operating activities.

During 2008, our cash flow used in operations was approximately $8,064,000 or an average of approximately $672,000 per month. During the fourth quarter of 2008, our cash balance declined to an average of $601,000 per month. We believe that our 2009 average monthly cash requirement to fund our business is unlikely to change materially from these 2008 fourth quarter figures for the first half of 2009. As a result, we anticipate that our cash balance at December 31, 2008, as supplemented by our completed common equity and warrants offering in January 2009 which raised approximately $3,300,000 of net proceeds, will be insufficient to fund our operations for longer than through the end of our second half of 2009. We anticipate that our monthly cash requirements will increase for the second half of 2009 as we increase our expenditures for:

•

our lawsuit against Microsoft;

•

infrastructure;

•

sales and marketing;

•

research and development;

•

personnel; and

•

general business enhancements.

We may exceed those projected amounts if we increase these expenditures in response to business conditions we do not currently expect or for other reasons. The process of developing new security solutions is inherently complex, time-consuming, expensive and uncertain. We must make long-term investments and commit significant resources before knowing whether our patented technology offerings will achieve market acceptance. We are unable to predict when we will begin to generate material net cash inflows from our patent and technology licensing program and our secure domain name registry service.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2008, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements except for operating lease commitments and the contingent portion of our royalty obligation under our royalty agreement with SAIC as discussed in the notes to the financial statements.

Item 7A.		Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not applicable.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Financial Statements Index

		Page
Report of Farber Hass Hurley LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm			39
Consolidated Balance Sheets of VirnetX Holding Corporation for the years ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007			40
Consolidated Statements of Operations of VirnetX Holding Corporation for the years ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and for the period from August 2, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2008			41
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) of VirnetX Holding Corporation for the years ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and for the period from August 2, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2008			42
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows of VirnetX Holding Corporation for the years ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and for the period from August 2, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2008			43
Notes to Financial Statements of VirnetX Holding Corporation			44

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Shareholders
VirnetX Holding Corporation

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of VirnetX Holding Corporation (the “Company” a development stage enterprise) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit) and their cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 and the period from August 2, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2008. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of VirnetX Holding Corporation, Inc. as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the consolidated results of their operations and cash flows for the years then ended and the period from August 2, 2005 (date of inception) to December 31, 2008 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company has not been able to generate significant revenues and has a working capital deficiency of approximately $1,065,000 at December 31, 2008. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern without raising additional equity, debt or other financing to fund operations. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are described in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

/s/ Farber Hass Hurley LLP

Granada Hills, California
March 31, 2009

VirnetX Holding Corporation
(a development stage enterprise)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

		As of				As of
		December 31,				December 31,
		2008				2007
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	457,155			$	8,589,447
Accounts receivable			1,154				5,860
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			189,847				399,201
Total current assets			648,156				8,994,508
Property and equipment, net			32,565				32,658
Intangible and other assets			204,000				252,000
Deferred offering costs			94,261				—
Total assets		$	978,982			$	9,279,166
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		$	1,669,333			$	531,790
Current portion of long-term obligation			44,000				48,000
Total current liabilities			1,713,333				579,790
Long-term obligation, net of current portion			160,000				204,000
Commitments and contingencies:			—				—
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Authorized: 10,000,000 shares at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
Issued and outstanding: 0 shares at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Authorized: 100,000,000 shares at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
Issued and outstanding: 34,899,985 shares and 34,667,214 shares, at December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively			3,489				3,467
Additional paid-in capital			22,150,321				19,467,890
Deficit accumulated during the development stage			(23,048,161	)			(10,975,981	)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)			(894,351	)			8,495,376
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit)		$	978,982			$	9,279,166

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

VirnetX Holding Corporation
(a development stage enterprise)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

										Cumulative from August 2, 2005
		Year Ended				Year Ended				(Date of Inception)
		December 31,				December 31,				to December 31,
		2008				2007				2008
Revenue — Royalties		$	133,744			$	74,866			$	208,610
Operating expenses:
Research and development			845,324				684,316				2,139,827
General and administrative			11,510,008				8,040,894				21,230,868
Total operating expenses			12,355,332				8,725,210				23,370,695
Loss from operations			(12,221,588	)			(8,650,344	)			(23,162,085	)
Interest and other income (expense), net			149,408				(41,820	)			113,924
Net loss		$	(12,072,180	)		$	(8,692,164	)		$	(23,048,161	)
Basic and diluted loss per share		$	(.35	)		$	(.36	)
Weighted average shares outstanding			34,875,471				24,312,287

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

VirnetX Holding Corporation
(a development stage enterprise)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

																										Deficit
																										Accumulated				Total
																		Additional				Due from				During				Stockholders’
		Series A Preferred Stock								Common Stock								Paid-in				Stock-				Development				Equity
		Shares				Amount				Shares				Amount				Capital				holder				Stage				(Deficit)
Balance at inception (August 2, 2005)			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
Common stock issued to founders			—				—				13,285,107				1,329				(1,129	)			—				—				200
Proceeds from issuance of restricted stock units to employees at $0.0001 per share in October 2005			—				—				3,321,277				332				(252	)			—				—				80
Stock-based compensation from restricted stock units			—				—				—				—				799,920				—				—				799,920
Net loss			—				—				—				—				—				—				(882,478	)			(882,478	)
Balance at December 31, 2005			—				—				16,606,384				1,661				798,539				0				(882,478	)			(82,278	)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock at $1.00 per share in February 2006, net of issuance cost of $26,375			1,404,000				1,377,625				—				—				—				—				—				1,377,625
Proceeds from issuance of restricted stock units to employees at $0.01 per share in March and October 2006			—				—				975,625				97				1,953				(150	)			—				1,900
Stock-based compensation: restricted stock units			—				—				—				—				130,210				—				—				130,210
Stock-based compensation: employee stock options			—				—				—				—				81,619				—				—				81,619
Net loss			—				—				—				—				—				—				(1,401,339	)			(1,401,339	)
Balance at December 31, 2006			1,404,000				1,377,625				17,582,009				1,758				1,012,321				(150	)			(2,283,817	)			107,737
Proceeds from exercise of options			—				—				124,548				12				29,988				—				—				30,000
Shares issued for merger			—				—				1,665,800				167				—				—				—				167
Debt converted to stock, net			—				—				2,016,016				202				1,499,648				150				—				1,500,000
Stock issued for cash at $.75 per share, net			—				—				4,000,000				400				2,953,249				—				—				2,953,649
Stock issued for cash at $4.00 per share, net			—				—				3,450,000				345				11,776,773				—				—				11,777,118
Stock-based compensation			—				—				—				—				818,869				—				—				818,869
Preferred stock converted to common stock			(1,404,000	)			(1,377,625	)			5,828,841				583				1,377,042				—				—				—
Net loss			—				—				—				—				—				—				(8,692,164	)			(8,692,164	)
Balance at December 31, 2007			—				—				34,667,214				3,467				19,467,890				—				(10,975,981	)			8,495,376
Cashless exercise of warrants			—				—				232,771				22				—				—				—				22
Stock-based compensation			—				—				—				—				2,682,431				—				—				2,682,431
Net loss			—				—				—				—				—				—				(12,072,180	)			(12,072,180	)
Balance at December 31, 2008			—				—				34,899,985			$	3,489			$	22,150,321				—			$	(23,048,161	)		$	(894,351	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.