Vista Outdoor Inc. - Annual Report: 2022 (Form 10-K)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| ☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||||
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 or
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||||
For the transition period to
Commission file number 1-36597
Vista Outdoor Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 47-1016855 | |||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
1 Vista Way
Anoka, MN 55303
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (763) 433-1000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
| Common Stock, par value $.01 | VSTO | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
____________________________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large Accelerated Filer | ☒ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Non-Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of September 26, 2021, the aggregate market value of the registrant's voting common stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $2.34 billion (based upon the closing price of the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on September 24, 2021).
As of May 16, 2022, there were 56,506,406 shares of the registrant's voting common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) contains “forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “future,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may,” and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and assumptions regarding our business and performance, the economy and other future conditions and forecasts of future events, circumstances and results. Consequently, no forward-looking statements can be guaranteed. Actual results may vary materially. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. We caution you not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Numerous risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from expectations described in such forward-looking statements, including those discussed in Item 1A of this Annual Report as updated by any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Certain business terms used in this Annual Report are defined in the “Glossary and Acronyms” found at the end of this section, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual Report.
Our Company
Vista Outdoor is as a leading global designer, manufacturer, and marketer of outdoor recreation and shooting sports products. We are headquartered in Anoka, Minnesota, and have 26 manufacturing and distribution facilities in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Puerto Rico along with international customer service, sales, and sourcing operations in Asia, Canada, and Europe. We were incorporated in Delaware in 2014.
Reportable Segments and Products
We operate through two reportable segments: Sporting Products and Outdoor Products. Information regarding our segments is further discussed below and in Note 18, Operating Segment Information, to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.
•Our Sporting Products reportable segment designs, develops, distributes and manufactures ammunition, components, and related equipment and accessories and serves hunters, recreational shooters, federal and local law enforcement agencies and the military. Ammunition products include pistol, rifle, rimfire, and shotshell ammunition, and components. Our Sporting Products reportable segment consists of our Ammunition operating segment, which includes our ammunition-related businesses, including Federal, Remington, CCI, Speer, and HEVI-Shot.
•Our Outdoor Products reportable segment designs, develops, distributes and manufactures gear and equipment to enhance the outdoor experiences of a wide variety of end users, including hunters, hikers, campers, cyclists, skiers, snowboarders, and golfers. Products from the businesses included in this reportable segment include hunting and shooting accessories, personal hydration solutions, outdoor cooking solutions, action sports helmets and goggles, footwear and cycling accessories, eBikes, audio speakers for outdoor sports, golf GPS devices, laser rangefinders, and golf launch monitors and simulators. Our Outdoor Products reportable segment consists of:
•Our Outdoor Accessories operating segment, which includes our Bushnell Optics, Primos, RCBS, BlackHawk!, and Eagle businesses;
•Our Sports Protection operating segment, which includes our Bell, Blackburn, and Giro businesses;
•Our Cycling operating segment, which is comprised of our QuietKat business;
•Our Outdoor Cooking operating segment, which includes our Camp Chef and Fiber Energy businesses;
•Our Hydration operating segment, which is comprised of our CamelBak business; and
•Our Golf operating segment, which includes our Bushnell Golf and Foresight Sports businesses.
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Sporting Products
Our Sporting Products segment generated approximately 57% of our external sales in fiscal year 2022. The product lines within our Sporting Products segment are focused on the following categories:
•Centerfire ammunition for use in sporting rifles, handguns, and personal protection;
•Rimfire ammunition for training and recreational target shooting in rifles and handguns;
•Shotshell ammunition for clay target shooting, waterfowl, and upland game hunting; and
•Ammunition components.
Among these categories, we derive the largest portion of our sales from ammunition, which is a consumable, repeat purchase product. The Sporting Products segment designs, develops, produces, and sources ammunition for the hunting and sport shooting enthusiast markets, as well as ammunition for local law enforcement, the U.S. government and international markets.
Outdoor Products
Our Outdoor Products segment generated approximately 43% of our external sales in fiscal year 2022. The product lines within our Outdoor Products segment are focused on the following categories:
•E-bikes, helmets, goggles, and accessories for cycling, snow sports, action sports, and power sports;
•Golf launch monitors, golf laser rangefinders, golf GPS devices and other golf technology products;
•Hydration packs, water bottles, and drinkware;
•Outdoor cooking equipment, including grills, cookware, pellets, and camp stoves;
•Archery and hunting accessories, including hunting arrows, game calls, hunting blinds, and decoys;
•Reloading components for individuals who load their own ammunition;
•Optics, including binoculars, riflescopes, game cameras, and telescopes;
•Ultralightweight, performance hunting gear designed for backcountry use;
•Hunting and shooting accessories, including reloading equipment, clay targets, and premium gun care products; and
•Tactical accessories, including holsters, duty gear, bags and packs.
Planned Separation of Outdoor Products and Sporting Products
On May 5, 2022, we announced that our Board of Directors has unanimously approved preparations for the separation of our Outdoor Products and Sporting Products reportable segments into two independent, publicly-traded companies (the “Planned Separation”). We anticipate that the transaction will be in the form of a distribution to our shareholders of 100% of the stock of Outdoor Products, which will become a new, independent publicly traded company. The distribution is intended to be tax-free to U.S. shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We currently expect the transaction will be completed in calendar year 2023, subject to final approval by our Board of Directors, a Form 10 registration statement being declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, regulatory approvals and satisfaction of other conditions. There can be no assurance regarding the ultimate timing of the proposed transaction or that the transaction will be completed.
We expect that the Planned Separation will create a number of benefits for Outdoor Products and Sporting Products, including:
•Enhanced strategic focus with supporting resources: Each company will have enhanced strategic focus with resources to support its specific operational needs and growth drivers.
•Tailored capital allocation priorities: Each company will have a tailored capital allocation philosophy that is better suited to support its distinctive business model and long-term goals.
•Strengthened ability to attract and retain top talent: Each company will benefit from enhanced ability to attract and retain top talent that is ideally suited to execute its strategic and operational objectives.
•Compelling value for shareholders: Each company will present a differentiated and compelling investment opportunity based on its particular business model.
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•Expanded strategic opportunities: Improved focus will allow Outdoor Products to further cement its reputation as the acquirer of choice through continued M&A in the outdoor recreation products marketplace and enable Sporting Products to secure attractive partnerships with other manufacturers.
Sales Channels
We serve the outdoor sports and recreation markets through a diverse portfolio of well-recognized brands that provide consumers with a wide range of performance-driven, high-quality, and innovative products. Our broad range of consumers include outdoor enthusiasts, hunters and recreational shooters, golfers, cyclists, backyard grillers, campers, athletes, as well as law enforcement and military professionals. We sell our products through a wide variety of mass, specialty and independent retailers and distributors, such as Academy, Amazon, Bass Pro Shops/Cabela's, Dick's Sporting Goods, Kiesler Police Supply, Nations Best Sports, Sports Inc., Sports South, Scheels, Sportsman's Warehouse, Target, and Walmart. Some of our products are also sold directly to consumers through the relevant brand's website. We have a scalable, integrated portfolio of brands that allows us to leverage our deep customer knowledge, product development and innovation, supply chain and distribution, and sales and marketing functions across product categories to better serve our retail partners and consumers.
Our Brands
Our brands are renowned and market leaders in most of their categories. Many of our brands have a rich, long-standing heritage, such as Remington Ammunition, founded in 1816, Federal Premium, founded in 1922 and Bushnell, founded in 1948. We also have brands who have emerged with consumer and technological advances, such as e-bike business QuietKat and golf technology business Foresight Sports. We believe this brand heritage supports our leading market share positions in multiple categories. For example, we believe we hold the No.1 sales position in the U.S. markets for commercial ammunition, golf rangefinders, bike and hike hydration packs, and biking helmets and accessories. To maintain the strength of our brands and drive revenue growth, we invest in product innovation to continuously improve the performance, quality, and affordability of our products while providing world-class customer support to our retail partners and end consumers. We have received numerous awards for product innovation by respected industry publications and for customer service from our retail customers. Additionally, high-profile professional athletes, sportsmen and sportswomen, as well as sponsored and organic influencers use and endorse our products, which we believe influences the purchasing behavior of recreational consumers.
The brands in our Sporting Products and Outdoor Products segments include the following:
| Sporting Products | Outdoor Products | |||||||||||||
| Alliant Powder | Bee Stinger | Gunmate | ||||||||||||
| CCI | Bell | Hoppe's | ||||||||||||
| Estate Cartridge | Blackburn | Krash | ||||||||||||
| Federal Premium | Blackhawk | M-Pro 7 | ||||||||||||
| HEVI-Shot | Bushnell | Outers | ||||||||||||
| Remington | Bushnell Golf | Primos | ||||||||||||
| Speer | Butler Creek | QuietKat | ||||||||||||
| CamelBak | Raskullz | |||||||||||||
| Camp Chef | RCBS | |||||||||||||
| Champion Target | Redfield | |||||||||||||
| CoPilot | Simmons | |||||||||||||
| Eagle | Stone Glacier | |||||||||||||
| Fiber Energy Products | Tasco | |||||||||||||
| Foresight Sports | Uncle Mike's | |||||||||||||
| Giro | Venor | |||||||||||||
| Gold Tip | Weaver | |||||||||||||
Market Opportunity
We participate in the global market for consumer goods geared toward outdoor recreation and hunting and recreational shooting related products. Spending on outdoor recreation products in the U.S., including the purchase of gear for bicycling, camping, fishing, hunting, motorcycling, off-roading, snow sports, trail sports, and wildlife viewing, contributed to the economies of all 50 states, and accounted for $374 billion of current-dollar gross domestic product and $689 billion in gross output (consumer spending) in 2020, according to The Bureau of Economic Analysis statistics report released in November, 2021. The report, which covered calendar year 2020, shows that the COVID-19 pandemic related declines in travel and tourism
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had a large impact on outdoor recreation’s overall economic activity but that outdoor participation increased, especially those activities that can be done close-to-home.
Competitive Strengths
Portfolio of Leading Brands Focused on Outdoor Recreation and Hunting and Sporting Related Products
We are the parent company of 39 renowned brands that design, manufacture and market sporting and outdoor products. Together we serve a broad and diverse range of consumers around the globe, including outdoor enthusiasts, golfers, cyclists, backyard grillers, campers, hunters, recreational shooters, athletes, as well as law enforcement and military professionals.
Our reportable segments, Sporting Products and Outdoor Products, provide these consumers with a wide range of performance-driven, high-quality and innovative outdoor and sporting products. Our operating model leverages shared resources across brands to achieve levels of excellence and performance that would be out of reach for any one brand on its own.
We seek to maintain our brand strength by developing performance-enhancing innovations, introducing new products, engaging in product and brand marketing campaigns, providing marketing support to our strategic channel partners, utilizing shared resources through our Supply Chain and Digital Centers of Excellence, and establishing and maintaining a strong
e-commerce presence to capitalize on the ongoing shift by consumers to online shopping. We target selling prices that balance our premium positioning with our focus on affordability to capture a large, diverse and dynamic consumer base. Our brand strength and product innovations allow us to drive sales growth and deliver robust profit margins.
Leading Innovation and Product Development Competencies
In the highly competitive business in which we operate, our tradenames, service marks, and trademarks are important to distinguish our products and services from our competitors. We rely on trade secrets, continuing technological innovations, and licensing arrangements to maintain and improve our competitive position. We also have a portfolio of approximately 1,496 U.S. and foreign patents, and we believe these patents, as well as unpatented research, development, and engineering skills make important contributions to our business. We employ approximately 100 dedicated design and product development professionals across the organization. We are not aware of any facts which would negatively impact our continuing use of any of our tradenames, service marks, trademarks, or patents. By applying our engineering and manufacturing expertise, we have been able to bring to market new and innovative products that maintain product differentiation while targeting affordability for our end consumers. Recent examples of our innovative, market-leading products include:
•Bushnell®, an industry leader in performance optics, released the Fusion X Rangefinding Binoculars and Prime 1800 Laser Rangefinder, both featuring ACTIVSYNC™ technology that automatically transitions readouts from black to red depending on lighting conditions. This year, Bushnell is introducing the Broadhead Laser Rangefinder, the most accurate rangefinder on the market with 0.3-yard accuracy out to 150 yards.
•Federal introduced the 30 Super Carry, the most revolutionary self-defense advancement in nearly 100 years. More than just an all-new cartridge, the compact design represents an entirely new class of ammunition engineered for absolute performance by every measure. With a higher capacity and smaller frame size than the 9mm but with similar muzzle blast, recoil and terminal performance, 30 Super Carry offers a decided advantage.
•For cycling enthusiasts, Bell Helmets announced the all-new XR Spherical helmet, a gravel-focused cycling helmet that offers unmatched protection to riders by using a new outer shell shape and spherical technology. Giro Sport Design, the cycling world’s design leader, released the Eclipse™ Spherical, the fastest road helmet and coolest aero road helmet in the peloton and Merit™ Spherical, a brand new, high-performance trail riding helmet built for fast, flowy trail riding and hard pedaling. All the helmets are built around the added protection of Spherical Technology™ powered by Mips®.
•Camelbak recently launched new and redesigned mountain bike packs as part of its Spring 2022 collection. These new models include the M.U.L.E.®Evo 12, M.U.L.E.® 12 and Lobo™ 9 packs, as well as the Podium® Flow™ 4hydration belt, which all blend premium eco-friendly materials with mountain bike-specific features to create the perfect bag for any and all cycling adventures.
•For avid golfers, Foresight Sports introduced the GC3 golf launch monitor. The new GC3 features a three-camera system that measures ball and club performance data, both outdoors and indoors, with industry-leading precision. Bushnell Golf introduced the Launch Pro, which is a personal golf launch monitor powered by Foresight Sports.
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Proven Manufacturing, Global Sourcing, and Distribution Platform
We believe that our state-of-the-art manufacturing expertise, sourcing and distribution capabilities, and high-quality retail, wholesale and distributor networks allow us to produce, deliver and replenish products in a more efficient and faster manner than our competitors. We believe this speed allows us to better serve the needs of our customers and end consumers and capture market share. We believe the scale and scope of our manufacturing and distribution operations also allows us to be one of the lowest-cost producers in many of our product categories.
Integrated supply chain management is a core focus of our company. We procure large quantities of raw materials for our manufacturing operations and we leverage negotiating disciplines and production methods with the objective of obtaining the best price and delivery available as well as low-cost conversion of raw materials into finished product. We also source finished product both domestically and internationally for global distribution. We continuously seek to improve our vendor base as well as our in-country support and oversight, and through our integrated supply chain management process we seek to provide year-over-year reductions in product costs. We believe the scope and scale of our sourcing network would be difficult to replicate.
Our supply chain and logistics infrastructure gives us the ability to serve a broad array of wholesale and retail customers, many of whom rely on us for services such as category management, marketing campaigns, merchandising and inventory replenishment. We believe our strong wholesale and retail relationships and diverse product offering provide us with a unique competitive advantage.
We maintain positive relationships with our retail partners based on trust and professionalism. Our long-standing commitment to our customers, diverse product offering and focus on profitability for both our company and our retail partners have enabled us to gain shelf space and secure premium placement of our products at many major retailers. Our management team interfaces directly with the executives of many of our top retail partners to ensure we are delivering the products our retailers need to meet the demands of the end consumer in the most efficient and profitable manner possible. Furthermore, we believe our scale allows us to leverage our platform to efficiently and profitably service our largest retail customers. For example, we work with our key retail customers to develop marketing and advertising campaigns, provide inventory replenishment support, and organize product category merchandising plans.
Customers and Marketing
Our primary customers are retailers and distributors who serve outdoor enthusiasts, hunters, recreational shooters, golfers, cyclists, backyard grillers, campers, athletes, as well as law enforcement and military professionals. Sales to our top ten customers accounted for approximately 39% of our consolidated net sales in fiscal year 2022. In fiscal year 2022, U.S. customers represented approximately 86% of our sales and customers outside of the U.S. represented approximately 14% of our sales. Of our fiscal year 2022 sales, approximately 11% was to law enforcement and military professionals. See Note 18, Operating Segment Information, to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report for further information regarding our customers and geographic information regarding our sales.
We believe the shooting sports and outdoor recreation industries are led by enthusiasts with a passion for reliable, high-performance products, who rely on a wide variety of media for opinions and recommendations about available products. We use paid, earned, shared, and owned media to enhance the perception of our brands and products and to reinforce our leadership positions in the market. We supplement this exposure with data-driven print and digital advertising that is designed to maximize reach and return on investment. We have an industry-leading digital media presence that includes YouTube and other social media influencers. Our goal is to strengthen our existing consumers' brand loyalty while at the same time reaching new users of our products.
E-commerce distribution channels, including our brands’ direct-to-consumer websites, represent an increasing portion of our sales across all of our brands. Through our shared E-commerce Center of Excellence, we deploy resources and expertise to all of our brands to help them accelerate the growth of their presence in these channels and respond to changes in consumer shopping behavior.
Quality Assurance
We maintain a disciplined quality assurance process. We set stringent metrics to drive year-over-year quality improvements. We also have customer call centers, which allow us to collect feedback on our customer service to ensure that our customers and end consumers are satisfied with our products and customer service.
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Competition
Competition in the markets in which we operate is based on a number of factors, including price, quality, product innovation, performance, reliability, styling, product features, and warranties, as well as sales and marketing programs. Given the diversity of our product portfolio, we have various significant competitors in each of our markets, including: Nikon and Vortex in the optics market; Hydro Flask, Contigo, Yeti, Osprey, and Nalgene in the hydration systems market; Traeger, Pit Boss, Blackstone, and Lodge in the outdoor cooking market; Schwinn, Bontrager, Smith, Specialized, and Shoei in the bike and snow helmet and accessories markets; Garmin, Nikon and Trackman in the golf electronics market; Winchester Ammunition of Olin Corporation, Clarus, CBC Group, Fiocchi Ammunition, Hornady, PMC, Rio Ammunition, and Wolf in the ammunition market.
Seasonality
Our business experiences a certain level of seasonality. Sales of our spring and summer products, such as golf accessories, can be adversely impacted by unseasonably cold or wet weather in those periods. Our winter sport accessories sales can be negatively impacted by unseasonably warm or dry weather. Sales of our premium hunting accessories are generally highest during the months of August through December due to shipments around the fall hunting season and holidays.
Regulatory Matters
Like many other manufacturers and distributors of consumer products, we are required to comply with numerous laws, rules, and regulations, including those involving labor and employment law, environmental law, consumer product safety, data privacy and security, workplace safety, and the export and import of our products. These laws, rules, and regulations currently impose significant compliance requirements on our business, and more restrictive laws, rules, and regulations may be adopted in the future. We believe we are in material compliance with all applicable domestic and international laws and regulations.
Our operations are subject to numerous international, federal, state, and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection, including those governing the discharge, treatment, storage, transportation, remediation, and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes, and restoration of damages to the environment, as well as health and safety matters. We believe that our operations are in material compliance with these laws and regulations and that forward-looking, proper and cost-effective management of air, land, and water resources is vital to the long-term success of our business. Our environmental policy identifies key objectives for implementing this commitment throughout our operations. We incur operating and capital costs on an ongoing basis to comply with environmental requirements and could incur significant additional costs as a result of more stringent requirements that may be promulgated in the future.
Some environmental laws, such as the U.S. federal Superfund law and similar state laws, can impose liability, without regard to fault, for the entire cost of the cleanup of contaminated sites on current or former site owners and operators or parties who sent wastes to such sites. We are conducting investigation and/or remediation activities at certain of our current or former sites where impacts from our historical operations have been identified. Certain of our former subsidiaries have been identified as PRPs, along with other parties, in regulatory agency actions associated with hazardous waste sites. While uncertainties exist with respect to the amounts and timing of the ultimate environmental liabilities at these sites, based on currently available information, we do not currently expect that these potential liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows. We could, however, incur substantial additional costs as a result of any additional obligations imposed or conditions identified at these or other sites in the future.
As a manufacturer and distributor of consumer products, we are subject to various domestic and international consumer product safety laws, such as the Consumer Products Safety Act, which empowers the Consumer Products Safety Commission to investigate and deem certain of our products as unsafe or hazardous. Under certain circumstances, the Consumer Products Safety Commission or similar international agencies could ask a court to require us to repurchase or recall one or more of our products. In addition, laws regulating certain consumer products exist in some cities and states, as well as in other countries in which we sell our products.
While we do not manufacture firearms, we are also subject to the rules and regulations of the ATF and various state and international agencies that control the manufacture, export, import, distribution, and sale of firearms, explosives, and ammunition. If we fail to comply with these rules and regulations, these agencies may limit our growth or business activities, or, in extreme cases, revoke our licenses to do business. Our business, as well as the business of all producers and marketers of ammunition, is also subject to numerous federal, state, local, and foreign laws, regulations and protocols. Applicable laws:
•require the licensing of all persons manufacturing, exporting, importing, or selling ammunition as a business;
•require labeling and tracking the acquisition and disposition of certain types of ammunition, and certain related products;
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•regulate the use and storage of gun powder or other energetic materials;
•regulate the interstate sale of certain ammunition;
•limit the mail-order sale of ammunition;
•regulate our employment of personnel with certain criminal convictions; and
•restrict access to ammunition manufacturing facilities for certain individuals from other countries or with criminal convictions.
In some cases, the handling of our technical data and the international sale of our products is also regulated by the U.S. Department of State and Department of Commerce. These agencies oversee the export of certain of our products including ammunition and night vision devices and related technical data, amongst other products. In many instances, we must obtain export authorizations for international shipments. To date, most of our requests for export licenses have been approved. These agencies can impose civil and criminal penalties, including preventing us from exporting our products, for failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations.
We are also regulated by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, which regulates the out-bound and in-bound movement of certain of our products, as well as components, parts, and materials used in our manufacturing processes. The agency is authorized to detain and seize shipments, as well as penalize us for failure to comply with applicable regulations. The agency also works closely with the Department of State and the Department of Commerce to protect national security.
Human Capital
People are at the center of our success. We employ approximately 6,900 people spread across multiple states, Puerto Rico, and numerous countries. Our employees lead in the fields of manufacturing, distribution, supply chain management, finance and marketing, among many other talents and specialties. In total, 71% of our employees are in production roles, directly building or distributing world-class outdoor recreation gear and products for our consumers. We have no union-represented employees. We believe that our employee relations generally are good.
Support for our people drives us at every level. We prioritize employee success and well-being through a strong corporate infrastructure that supports employee engagement, recruiting, professional development, safety, diversity, compensation, and benefits. Our overall commitment and value proposition for our employees begins with our culture and is rooted in the success of our business. When we do well, it enables us to do good for our communities, employees, and charitable partners.
Employee Engagement
We are committed to two-way conversations with employees. The Chief Executive Officer and business unit leaders hold regular employee town hall meetings where they provide updates and take employee questions. We regularly update employees with company news, important notices, our philanthropic efforts, and employee stories through many channels, including our internal digital hub (InSite), social media, and our public-facing website. These employee engagement initiatives are especially important across our diverse network which includes multiple locations across the globe and a diverse set of working environments, including production, office, hybrid and remote. To that end, we were pleased to be recognized by Forbes as one of America’s Best Midsize Employers in February 2021 and by Newsweek as one of America’s Most Trusted Companies in March 2022, which demonstrates that our efforts to engage and support employees are well received.
Recruiting
We place a large emphasis on recruiting talented people to join our company. We prioritize the hiring of smart, energetic and passionate people who not only have the skills we need to thrive in the marketplace, but who also have diverse experiences and perspectives. We have partnered with a variety of organizations to expand our recruiting base so that we can better attract talented veterans, people of color, women and others with backgrounds who would strengthen our business and underlying culture.
Professional Development
We take career development seriously. We go to great lengths to make learning and knowledge available to our employees. We deploy a variety of worker training programs on our factory and production floors, including the use of internal leaders and outside safety trainers. Programs such as tuition reimbursement, internships and employee scholarship programs are some of the ways we are investing in our people and their knowledge. We know that these investments are not only good for people, but they are also good for our business. We have seen an increase in internal promotions from all levels of the organization.
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Safety
We operate in a highly-regulated environment in the U.S. and international markets. U.S. federal, state, and local governmental entities, and foreign governments regulate many aspects of our business through product safety standards, laws and regulations.
While employees across our locations work to ensure compliance with the product safety laws and regulations that apply to their products, we have a team of dedicated professionals within the corporate Compliance Department who oversee all aspects of product safety and compliance across the company. Our product safety and compliance personnel have broad and diverse academic and experience credentials and are often sought out by regulators, law enforcement, other industry participants and internal stakeholders to serve as expert consultants and witnesses. This organizational structure, together with robust internal policies and procedures, help ensure that we meet our continuing obligations to regulators and consumers throughout the product life cycles and to keep our employees safe.
On the consumer side, as an outdoor sports and recreation company, we believe that our consumers should be safe when engaging in the outdoor activity of their choice. We partner with a variety of organizations who share these same goals, support policies that advance safety initiatives and use our brand platforms to educate and share best practices for the safe use of our products.
Diversity and Inclusion
We continuously look for ways to be a more diverse and inclusive company, from improving our recruiting and marketing efforts to expanding career growth opportunities and external partnerships. During fiscal year 2022, we joined Together Outdoors Coalition (TO), which provides a cross-sector collaborative learning space for organizations, individuals, business leaders, federal agencies, activists, manufacturers and service providers who share a commitment to making the outdoors a more welcoming, safe, and enjoyable place for people of all races, ethnicities, abilities, faiths, identities, genders, orientations, and backgrounds.
In fiscal year 2021, we began disclosing diversity and inclusion metrics to provide both benchmarks for where we currently stand, and goals for us to strive to meet in the future. Our metrics for the last two fiscal years include:
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| Statistic | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
| % of US employees identifying as persons of color (non-white) | 20% | 19% | ||||||||||||
| % of US Leadership (manager & above) identifying as persons of color* | 10% | 9% | ||||||||||||
| % of US employees who are female | 28% | 29% | ||||||||||||
| % of US Leadership (manager & above) who are female | 29% | 27% | ||||||||||||
| % of US employees who are veterans | 7% | 7% | ||||||||||||
*Our fiscal year 2022 metrics expand disclosure to all managers and above who identify as persons of color; the fiscal year 2021 data has been updated accordingly.
Compensation
We believe in equal pay for equal work. We believe pay and compensation should match the talent, experience and skill set of a person, and nothing else. We regularly review our compensation practices and benchmark our performance to others in the industry to ensure we are fulfilling our obligations of fair pay.
Benefits
Our benefit programs offer comprehensive coverage to help protect our employees’ health, family, and future, and are an important part of the total compensation we provide. We offer both company-provided and optional benefits, including basic life insurance, medical, prescription, telemedicine, and an employee product purchase program. We offer a 401(k) savings plan, with a higher-than-average match for participating employees.
We expanded our offerings as the COVID-19 pandemic changed the landscape in 2020. We partnered with Care.com to give our employees access and discounts to childcare and other support as they balanced their households during lockdowns and closures. We’ve also expanded our employee assistance program to include additional mental health offerings and access to services to support our employees during the trials and changes brought about from the COVID-19 pandemic.
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The Vista Outdoor Employee Assistance Fund was created in fiscal year 2021 to help employees who are facing financial hardship immediately following a natural disaster or an unforeseen personal hardship. In its first year, the fund aided five employees facing urgent situations. This fund relies primarily on payroll deductions from employees and support from Vista Outdoor. Every contribution helps, and when combined with the donations, can provide a tax-free grant to help a fellow employee in need when they are facing an unexpected situation.
Available Information
You can find reports on our company filed with the SEC free of charge on our internet site at www.vistaoutdoor.com under the "Investor Relations" heading. These include our annual report, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statement and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). We make these reports available as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information found on our website is not part of this or any other report that we file with or furnish to the SEC. Our SEC filings are also available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Glossary and Acronyms
2018 ABL Revolving Credit Facility: Refers to the Vista Outdoor Inc. senior secured asset-based credit facility comprised of $20 million in first-in, last-out (“FILO”) revolving credit commitments and $430 million in non-FILO revolving credit commitments under the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of November 19, 2018, among Vista Outdoor Inc., the Additional Borrowers from time to time party thereto, the Lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as amended from time-to-time.
2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility: Refers to the Vista Outdoor Inc. senior secured asset-based credit facility comprised of $450 million revolving credit commitments under the Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2021, among Vista Outdoor Inc., the Additional Borrowers from time to time party thereto, the Lenders party thereto and Capital One, National Association.
4.5% Notes: Refers to the Vista Outdoor Inc. secured senior notes due 2029 (the “4.5% Notes”)
5.875% Notes: Refers to the Vista Outdoor Inc. secured senior notes due 2023, redeemed on March 12, 2021 (the “5.875% Notes”)
EBIT: Earnings (loss) before interest and income taxes
Lake City: Refers to the Lake City Army Ammunition Plant operated by a subsidiary of Olin Winchester.
Vista Outdoor, the Company, we, our, and us: Refers to Vista Outdoor Inc.
ATF: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
PRP: Potentially responsible party
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We operate in a rapidly changing business environment that involves numerous risks and uncertainties. The following discussion addresses risks and uncertainties that could cause, or contribute to causing, our actual results to differ from our expectations in material ways. These risks and uncertainties, or other events that we do not currently anticipate or that we currently deem immaterial also may affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. The trading price of our common stock could also decline due to any of these risks. The following information should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the financial statements and related notes included in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report.
Risks Related to Our Operations
Significant supplier capacity constraints, supplier production disruptions, supplier quality issues or price increases could increase our operating costs and adversely impact the competitive positions of our products.
Our reliance on third-party suppliers for various product components and finished goods exposes us to volatility in the availability, quality and price of these product components and finished goods. A disruption in deliveries from our third-party suppliers, including as a result of natural disasters and public health crises or other significant catastrophic events, such as the global COVID-19 pandemic, capacity constraints, production disruptions, price increases or decreased availability of raw materials or commodities could have an adverse effect on our ability to meet our commitments to customers or increase our operating costs. For example, the closure of certain of our suppliers' manufacturing operations in Asia in response to the COVID-19 pandemic temporarily affected the availability of products for certain of our brands in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, fiscal year 2021, and fiscal year 2022, which had a negative impact on our revenue. Future closures of our suppliers' manufacturing operations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic could have an adverse effect on our revenue in future periods.
Our inability to obtain sufficient quantities of components, parts, raw materials, and other supplies from independent sources necessary for the production of our products could also result in reduced or delayed sales or lost orders. Any delay in or loss of sales or orders could adversely impact our results of operations. Many of the components, parts, raw materials, and other supplies used in the production of our products are available only from a limited number of suppliers. We do not have long-term supply contracts with some of these suppliers. As a result, we could be subject to increased costs, supply interruptions or orders and difficulties in obtaining materials. Our suppliers also may encounter difficulties or increased costs in obtaining the materials necessary to produce their products that we use in our products. The time lost in seeking and acquiring new sources could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
In addition, our supply contracts are generally not exclusive. As a result, our suppliers may provide similar supplies and materials to our competitors, some of which could potentially purchase these supplies and materials in significantly greater volume than we do. Our competitors could enter into restrictive or exclusive arrangements with these suppliers that could impair or eliminate our access to necessary supplies and materials.
Quality issues experienced by third-party suppliers could also adversely affect the quality and effectiveness of our products and result in liability and reputational harm.
Shortages of, and price increases for, labor, components, parts and other supplies, as well as commodities used in the manufacture and distribution of our products, may delay or reduce our sales and increase our costs, thereby harming our results of operations.
We manufacture a significant portion of our products at plants that we own, including ammunition products. Shortages of, and cost increases for, labor and other inputs to the manufacturing process could delay or reduce our sales and reduce our gross margins and thereby have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Although we manufacture many of the components for our products, we purchase from third-parties finished goods, important components, and parts. The costs of these components and parts are affected by commodity prices and are, therefore, subject to price volatility caused by weather, market conditions and other factors that are not predictable or within our control, including natural disasters and public health crises or other significant catastrophic events, such as the global COVID-19 pandemic. We also use numerous commodity materials in producing and testing our products, including copper, lead, plastics, steel, wood, and zinc. Commodity prices could increase, and any such increase in commodity prices may harm our results of operations.
Higher prices for electricity, natural gas, metals, and fuel increase our production and shipping costs. A significant shortage, increased prices or interruptions in the availability of these commodities would increase the costs of producing and
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delivering products to our customers and would be likely to negatively affect our earnings. Commodity costs have varied significantly during recent fiscal years and remain a volatile element of our costs.
Seasonality and weather conditions may cause our results of operations to vary from quarter to quarter.
Because many of the products we sell are used for seasonal outdoor sporting activities, our results of operations may be significantly impacted by unseasonable weather conditions. For example, our winter sport accessories sales are dependent on cold winter weather and snowfall, and can be negatively impacted by unseasonably warm or dry weather. Conversely, sales of our spring and summer products, such as golf accessories, can be adversely impacted by unseasonably cold or wet weather. Accordingly, our sales results and financial condition will typically suffer when weather patterns do not conform to seasonal norms.
Sales of our hunting accessories are highest during the months of August through December due to shipments around the fall hunting season and holidays. In addition, sales of our ammunition have historically been lower in our first fiscal quarter. The seasonality of our sales may change in the future. Seasonal variations in our results of operations may reduce our cash on hand, increase our inventory levels and extend our accounts receivable collection periods. This in turn may cause us to increase our debt levels and interest expense to fund our working capital requirements.
Our revenues and results of operations may fluctuate unexpectedly from quarter-to-quarter, which may cause our stock price to decline.
Our revenues and results of operations have fluctuated significantly in the past and may fluctuate significantly in the future due to various factors, including, but not limited to:
•market acceptance of our products and services;
•general economic conditions;
•the timing of large domestic and international orders;
•cancellation of existing orders;
•the outcome of any existing or future litigation;
•adverse publicity surrounding our products, the safety of our products or the use of our products;
•changes in our sales mix;
•new product introduction costs;
•complexity in our integrated supply chain;
•increased raw material expenses;
•changes in amount and/or timing of our operating expenses;
•natural disasters and public health crises or other significant catastrophic events, such as the global COVID-19 pandemic, in markets in which we, our customers, suppliers and manufacturers operate;
•changes in laws and regulations that may affect the marketability of our products;
•the domestic political environment, including debate over the regulation of ammunition and related products; and
•uncertainties related to changes in macroeconomic and/or global conditions, including as a result of the military conflict in Ukraine and the imposition of sanctions on Russia.
As a result of these and other factors, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations may not be meaningful in the short term, and our performance in a particular period may not be indicative of our performance in any future period.
We are exposed to risks associated with acquisitions, which could adversely affect our future financial results.
Our business strategy includes growth through acquisitions or other transactions. The expected benefits of any future acquisitions or other transactions may not be realized. Costs could be incurred on pursuits or proposed acquisitions that may never close that could significantly impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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Additionally, after any acquisition, unforeseen issues and/or costs could arise that adversely affect our anticipated returns or that are otherwise not recoverable as an adjustment to the purchase price. Even after careful integration efforts, actual results of operations may vary significantly from initial estimates due to a variety of factors, including general economic conditions affecting the market for our products.
Furthermore, if, due to declining market conditions or other factors, we determine that the carrying value of the goodwill or other intangible assets associated with an acquired business exceeds the fair value of such assets, we may be required to record a significant impairment charge in the period during which such determination was made, which would negatively affect our results of operations. For example, in fiscal year 2020 we recorded impairment charges to the goodwill and identifiable indefinite-lived intangible assets associated with the Outdoor Recreation reporting unit.
We may engage in other strategic business transactions. Such transactions could result in unanticipated costs and difficulties, may not achieve intended results and may require significant time and attention from management, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks may also include potential delays in adopting our financial and managerial controls and reporting systems and procedures, greater than anticipated costs and expenses related to the integration of the acquired business with our business, potential unknown liabilities associated with the acquired company, challenges inherent in effectively managing an increased number of employees in diverse locations and the challenge of creating uniform standards, controls, procedures, policies, and information systems. These and other risks relating to our acquisitions could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our results of operations could be materially harmed if we are unable to forecast demand for our products accurately.
We often schedule internal production and place orders for products with third-party suppliers before receiving firm orders from our customers. If we fail to accurately forecast customer demand, we may experience excess inventory levels or a shortage of products to deliver to our customers. Factors that could affect our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products include:
•an increase or decrease in consumer demand for our products or for the products of our competitors;
•our failure to accurately forecast customer acceptance of new products;
•new product introductions by competitors;
•changes in our relationships with customers;
•changes in general market conditions or other factors, which may result in cancellations of orders or a reduction or increase in the rate of reorders placed by retailers, including as a result of natural disasters and public health crises or other significant catastrophic events, such as the global COVID-19 pandemic;
•changes in laws and regulations governing the activities for which we sell products, such as hunting and shooting sports;
•weak economic conditions or consumer confidence, which could reduce demand for discretionary items such as our products; and
•the domestic political environment, including debate over the regulation of ammunition and related products.
Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in inventory write-downs and the sale of excess inventory at discounted prices, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If we underestimate demand for our products, our manufacturing facilities or third-party suppliers may not be able to create products to meet customer demand, and this could result in delays in the shipment of products and lost revenues, as well as damage to our reputation and customer relationships. We may not be able to manage inventory levels successfully to meet future order and reorder requirements.
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A disruption in the service or a significant increase in the cost of our primary delivery and shipping services for our products and component parts or a significant disruption at shipping ports could have a negative impact on our business.
We use Federal Express (“FedEx”) for a significant portion of ground shipments of products to our U.S. customers. We use air carriers and ocean shipping services for most of our international shipments of products. Furthermore, many of our finished goods and many of the components we use to manufacture our products are shipped to us via air carrier and shipping services. During the year ended March 31, 2022, international shipping to the United States was disrupted and delayed due to congestion in west coast ports. If there is any continued or additional significant interruption in service by such providers or at airports or shipping ports, we may be unable to engage alternative suppliers or to receive or ship goods through alternate sites in order to deliver our products or receive finished goods or components in a timely and cost-efficient manner. As a result, we could experience manufacturing delays, increased manufacturing and shipping costs and lost sales as a result of missed delivery deadlines and product demand cycles. Any significant interruption in FedEx services, air carrier services, ship services or at airports or shipping ports could have a negative impact on our business. Furthermore, if the cost of delivery or shipping services increases significantly and the additional costs cannot be covered by product pricing, our operating results could be materially adversely affected.
We face risks relating to our international business operations that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our ability to maintain the current level of operations in our existing international markets and to capitalize on growth in existing and new international markets is subject to risks associated with our doing business internationally, including:
•issues related to managing international operations;
•potentially adverse tax developments;
•lack of sufficient protection for intellectual property in some countries;
•currency exchange;
•import and export controls;
•social, political, and economic instability in the countries in which we operate;
•changes in economic conditions;
•uncertainties related to changes in macroeconomic and/or global conditions, including as a result of the military conflict in Ukraine and the imposition of sanctions on Russia;
•the occurrence of natural disasters, public health crises or other significant catastrophic events, such as the global COVID-19 pandemic, in countries in which we operate;
•local laws and regulations, including those governing labor, product safety and environmental protection;
•changes to international treaties and regulations; and
•limitations on our ability to efficiently repatriate cash from our foreign operations.
Any one or more of these risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Some of our products contain licensed, third-party technology that provides important product functionality and features. The loss or inability to obtain and maintain any such licenses could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Some of our products contain technology licensed from third-parties that provides important product functionality and features. We cannot assure you that we will have continued access to this technology. For example, if the licensing company ceases to exist, either as a result of bankruptcy, dissolution or purchase by a competitor, we may lose access to important third-party technology and may not be able to obtain replacement technology on favorable terms or at all. In addition, legal actions, such as intellectual property actions, brought against the licensing company could impact our future access to the technology. Any of these actions could negatively affect our technology licenses, thereby reducing the functionality and features of our products, and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Failure to attract and retain key personnel could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our future success will depend in part on the continued service of key personnel and our ability to attract, retain and develop key managers, designers, sales and information technology professionals and others. We face intense competition for
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these individuals worldwide. We may not be able to attract qualified new employees or retain existing employees, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Upon the completion of the Planned Separation, our current Chief Executive Officer, Christopher T. Metz, and our current Chief Financial Officer, Sudhanshu Priyadarshi, are expected to leave their respective positions at the Company in order to join the management team of the new Outdoor Products company being spun-off (“Outdoor Products SpinCo”). The departure of our current Chief Executive Officer and our current Chief Financial Officer could adversely affect our ability to operate following the Planned Separation.
Catastrophic events may disrupt our business.
A disruption or failure of our systems or operations in the event of a major earthquake, weather event, public health crisis (such as the global COVID-19 pandemic), cyber-attack, terrorist attack or other catastrophic event could cause delays in completing sales, providing services or performing other mission-critical functions. A catastrophic event that results in the destruction or disruption of any of our critical business or information technology systems could harm our ability to conduct normal business operations and our results of operations.
In addition, damage or disruption to our manufacturing and distribution capabilities or those of our suppliers because of a major earthquake, weather event, public health crisis, cyber-attack, terrorist attack or other catastrophic event could impair our ability or our suppliers' ability to manufacture or sell our products. If we do not take steps to mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of such events, or to effectively manage such events if they occur, such events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, as well as require additional resources to restore our supply chain.
Some of our products involve the manufacture or handling of a variety of explosive and flammable materials. From time to time, these activities have resulted in incidents that have temporarily shut down or otherwise disrupted some manufacturing processes, causing production delays and resulting in liability for workplace injuries and fatalities. We have safety and loss prevention programs that require detailed pre-construction reviews of process changes and new operations, along with routine safety audits of operations involving explosive materials, to mitigate such incidents, as well as a variety of insurance policies. We cannot assure you, however, that we will not experience similar incidents in the future or that any similar incidents will not result in production delays or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Related to the Markets for Our Products
Our sales are highly dependent on purchases by several large retail customers, and we may be adversely affected by the loss of, or any significant decline in sales to, one or more of these customers.
The U.S. retail industry serving the outdoor recreation market has become relatively concentrated. Sales to the top ten customers accounted for approximately 39% of our consolidated net sales in fiscal year 2022. Further consolidation in the U.S. retail industry could increase the concentration of our retail store customer base in the future.
Although we have long-established relationships with many of our retail customers, as is typical in the markets in which we compete, we do not have long-term purchase agreements with our customers. As such, we are dependent on individual purchase orders. As a result, these retail customers would be able to cancel their orders, change purchase quantities from forecast volumes, delay purchases, change other terms of our business relationship or cease to purchase our products entirely. Our customers’ purchasing activity may also be impacted by general economic conditions as well as natural disasters and public health crises or other significant catastrophic events, such as the global COVID-19 pandemic. For example, several large retail outdoor products retailers have recently closed many of their locations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in reduced orders from those customers and negatively impacted sales revenue for several of our brands. A continuation of such store closures, or further closures after reopening because of a resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic, would have an adverse effect on our future sales revenue.
The loss of any one or more of our retail customers or significant or numerous cancellations, reductions, delays in purchases or changes in business practices by our retail customers could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations including but not limited to reductions in sales volumes and profits, inability to collect receivables, and increases in inventory levels.
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Competition in our industry may hinder our ability to execute our business strategy, maintain profitability or maintain relationships with existing customers.
We operate in a highly competitive industry and we compete against other manufacturers that have well-established brand names and strong market positions. Given the diversity of our product portfolio, we have various significant competitors in each of our markets, including: Nikon and Vortex in the optics market; Hydro Flask, Contigo, Yeti, Osprey, and Nalgene in the hydration systems market; Traeger, Pit Boss, Blackstone, and Lodge in the outdoor cooking market; Schwinn, Bontrager, Smith, Specialized, and Shoei in the bike and snow helmet and accessories markets; Garmin, Nikon, and Trackman in the golf electronics market; Winchester Ammunition of Olin Corporation, Clarus, CBC Group, Fiocchi Ammunition, Hornady, PMC, Rio Ammunition, and Wolf in the ammunition market.
Competition in the markets in which we operate is based on a number of factors, including price, quality, product innovation, performance, reliability, styling, product features and warranties, as well as sales and marketing programs. Competition could result in price reductions, reduced profits or losses or loss of market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Certain of our competitors may be more diversified than us or may have financial and marketing resources that are substantially greater than ours, which may allow them to invest more heavily in intellectual property, product development and advertising. Since many of our competitors also source their products from third-parties, our ability to obtain a cost advantage through sourcing is reduced.
Certain of our competitors may be willing to reduce prices and accept lower profit margins to compete with us. Further, retailers often demand that suppliers reduce their prices on mature products, which could lead to lower margins.
Our products typically face more competition internationally where foreign competitors manufacture and market products in their respective countries, which allows those competitors to sell products at lower prices, which could adversely affect our competitiveness.
In addition, our products compete with many other sporting and recreational products for the discretionary spending of consumers. Failure to effectively compete with these competitors or alternative products could have a material adverse effect on our performance.
Our success depends upon our ability to introduce new compelling products into the marketplace and respond to customer preferences.
Our efforts to introduce new products into the marketplace may not be successful, and any new products that we introduce may not result in customer or market acceptance. We both develop and source new products that we believe will match customer preferences. The development of new products is a lengthy and costly process and may not result in the development of a successful product. In addition, the sourcing of our products is dependent, in part, on our relationships with our third-party suppliers. If we are unable to maintain these relationships, we may not be able to continue to source products at competitive prices that both meet our standards and appeal to our customers. Failure to develop or source and introduce new products that consumers want to buy could decrease our sales, operating margins and market share and could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Even if we are able to develop or source new products, our efforts to introduce new products may be costly and ineffective. When introducing a new product, we incur expenses and expend resources to market, promote and sell the new product. New products that we introduce into the marketplace may be unsuccessful or may achieve success that does not meet our expectations for a variety of reasons, including failure to predict market demand, delays in introduction, unfavorable cost comparisons with alternative products and unfavorable performance. Significant expenses related to new products that prove to be unsuccessful for any reason will adversely affect our results of operations.
Customer preferences include the choice of sales channels. We may not be able to successfully respond to shifting preferences of the end consumer from brick and mortar retail to online retail. Our efforts to introduce new sales channels to respond to such a shift may be costly and ineffective.
Risks Related to Our Brands and Reputation
Our business is highly dependent upon our brand recognition and reputation, and the failure to maintain or enhance our brand recognition or reputation would likely have an adverse effect on our business.
Our brand recognition and reputation are critical aspects of our business. We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brands as well as our reputation are critical to retaining existing customers and attracting new customers. We also believe that the importance of our brand recognition and reputation will continue to increase as competition in the markets in which we compete continues to develop.
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Our future growth and profitability will depend in large part upon the effectiveness and efficiency of our advertising, promotion, public relations and marketing programs. These brand promotion activities may not yield increased revenue and the effectiveness of these activities will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to:
•determine the appropriate creative message, media mix and markets for advertising, marketing and promotional initiatives and expenditures;
•identify the most effective and efficient level of spending in each market, medium and specific media vehicle; and
•effectively manage marketing costs, including creative and media expenses, in order to maintain acceptable customer acquisition costs.
We may implement new marketing and advertising strategies with significantly higher costs than our current channels, which could adversely affect our results of operations. Implementing new marketing and advertising strategies could also increase the risk of devoting significant capital and other resources to endeavors that do not prove to be cost effective. We also may incur marketing and advertising expenses significantly in advance of the time we anticipate recognizing revenue associated with such expenses, and our marketing and advertising expenditures may not generate sufficient levels of brand awareness or result in increased revenue. Even if our marketing and advertising expenses result in increased revenue, the increase in revenue might not offset our related marketing and advertising expenditures. If we are unable to maintain our marketing and advertising channels on cost-effective terms or replace or supplement existing marketing and advertising channels with similarly or more cost-effective channels, our marketing and advertising expenses could increase substantially, our customer base could be adversely affected and our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely impacted.
Competitors have imitated and attempted to imitate, and will likely continue to imitate or attempt to imitate, our products and technology, particularly in countries overseas where counterfeiting is more prevalent. If we are unable to protect or preserve our brand image and proprietary rights, our business may be harmed. As we increase our sales overseas, we may experience increased counterfeiting of our products.
In addition, certain of our products and brands benefit from endorsements and support from particular sporting enthusiasts, athletes or other celebrities, and those products and brands may become personally associated with those individuals. As a result, sales of the endorsed products could be materially and adversely affected if any of those individuals’ images, reputations or popularity were to be negatively impacted.
Use of social media to disseminate negative commentary and boycotts may adversely impact our business.
There has been a substantial increase in the use of social media platforms, including blogs, social media websites, and other forms of internet-based communications, which allow individuals access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. Negative commentary regarding us or our brands may be posted on social media platforms at any time and may have an adverse impact on our reputation, business, or relationships with third-parties, including suppliers, customers, investors, and lenders. Consumers value readily available information and often act on such information without further investigation and without regard to its accuracy or context. The harm may be immediate without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction.
Social media platforms also provide users with access to such a broad audience that collective action, such as boycotts, can be more easily organized. Such actions could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and or cash flows.
Further, we serve the outdoor sports and recreation markets through a diverse portfolio of 39 brands that appeal to a broad range of end consumers. The perspectives of the broad range of consumers we serve are varied and can cause conflicting views across brands.
Legal and Regulatory Risks
We manufacture and sell products that create exposure to potential product liability, warranty liability or personal injury claims and litigation.
Some of our products are used in applications and situations that involve risk of personal injury and death. Our products expose us to potential product liability, warranty liability, and personal injury claims and litigation relating to the use or misuse of our products including allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product or activities associated with the product, negligence and strict liability. If successful, such claims could have a material adverse effect on our business.
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Defects in our products could reduce demand for our products and result in a decrease in sales and market acceptance and damage to our reputation.
Complex components and assemblies used in our products may contain undetected defects that are subsequently discovered at any point in the life of the product. In addition, we obtain many of our products and component parts from third-party suppliers and may not be able to detect defects in such products or component parts until after they are sold. Defects in our products may result in a loss of sales, recall expenses, delay in market acceptance and damage to our reputation and increased warranty costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Although we maintain product liability insurance in amounts that we believe are reasonable, we may not be able to maintain such insurance on acceptable terms, if at all, in the future and product liability claims may exceed the amount of our insurance coverage. In addition, our reputation may be adversely affected by such claims, whether or not successful, including potential negative publicity about our products.
We may incur substantial litigation costs to protect our intellectual property, and if we are unable to protect our intellectual property, we may lose our competitive advantage. We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which could cause us to incur litigation costs and divert management attention from our business.
Our future success depends in part upon our ability to protect our intellectual property. Our protective measures, including patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secret protection and internet identity registrations, may prove inadequate to protect our proprietary rights and market advantage. The right to stop others from misusing our trademarks and service marks in commerce depends, to some extent, on our ability to show evidence of enforcement of our rights against such misuse in commerce. Our failure to stop the misuse by others of our trademarks and service marks may lead to our loss of trademark and service mark rights, brand loyalty and notoriety among our customers and prospective customers. The scope of any patent to which we have or may obtain rights may not prevent others from developing and selling competing products. In addition, our patents may be held invalid upon challenge, or others may claim rights in, or ownership of, our patents. Moreover, we may become subject to litigation with parties that claim, among other matters, that we infringed their patents or other intellectual property rights. The defense and prosecution of patent and other intellectual property claims are both costly and time-consuming and could result in a material adverse effect on our business and financial position.
Also, any intellectual property infringement claims against us, with or without merit, could be costly and time-consuming to defend and divert our management's attention from our business. If our products were found to infringe a third-party's proprietary rights, we could be forced to enter into costly royalty or licensing agreements in order to be able to continue to sell our products or discontinue use of the protected technology. Such royalty and licensing agreements may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all. Rights holders may demand payment for past infringements or force us to accept costly license terms or discontinue use of protected technology or works of authorship.
We may become involved in litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. Other companies, including our competitors, may develop intellectual property that is similar or superior to our intellectual property, duplicate our intellectual property or design around our patents, and may have or obtain patents or other proprietary rights that would prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use or sell our products. Effective intellectual property protection may be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries in which we sell products or from which competing products may be sold.
Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise use aspects of our intellectual property and products that we regard as proprietary. Our means of protecting our proprietary rights in the U.S. or abroad may prove to be inadequate, and competitors may be able to develop similar intellectual property independently. If our intellectual property protection is insufficient to protect our intellectual property rights, we could face increased competition in the markets for our products.
Should any of our competitors file patent applications or obtain patents that claim inventions also claimed by us, we may choose to participate in an interference proceeding to determine the right to a patent for these inventions because our business could be harmed if we fail to enforce and protect our intellectual property rights. Even if the outcome is favorable, an interference proceeding could result in substantial costs to us and disrupt our business.
In the future, we also may need to file lawsuits to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Any such litigation, whether successful or unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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We are subject to extensive regulation and could incur fines, penalties and other costs and liabilities under such requirements.
Like other global manufacturers and distributors of consumer products, we are required to comply with a wide variety of federal, state and international laws, rules and regulations, including those related to consumer products and consumer protection, advertising and marketing, labor and employment, data protection and privacy, intellectual property, workplace safety, the environment, the import and export of products, and tax. See Item 1 “Business-Regulatory Matters” of this Annual Report for a description of the various laws and regulations to which our business is subject. Our failure to comply with applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations may result in our being subject to claims, lawsuits, fines and adverse publicity that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. These laws, rules and regulations currently impose significant compliance requirements on our business, and more restrictive laws, rules and regulations may be adopted in the future.
Changes in government policies and firearms and ammunition legislation could adversely affect our financial results.
The sale, purchase, ownership and use of firearms and ammunition are subject to numerous and varied federal, state and local governmental regulations. Sales of our ammunition products are correlated with sales of firearms, and legislation restricting the sale or use of firearms could negatively affect sales of our ammunition products. Federal laws governing firearms and ammunition include the National Firearms Act, the Federal Firearms Act, the Arms Export Control Act and the Gun Control Act of 1968. These laws generally govern the manufacture, import, export, sale and possession of firearms and ammunition. We hold all necessary licenses to legally sell ammunition in the U.S.
In recent years, federal and state legislatures have increased their attention on the regulation of firearms and ammunition. The bills proposed to date are extremely varied and include, without limitation, laws and court decisions allowing causes of action against marketers and sellers of firearms and ammunition arising out of the criminal misuse of their products. If enacted, such legislation could effectively ban or severely limit the sale of certain categories of firearms, which would negatively impact sales of our related ammunition products. We cannot be assured that the regulation of our business activities will not become more restrictive in the future and that any such restrictions will not have a material adverse effect on our business.
Failure to comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or other applicable anti-corruption legislation, as well as export controls and trade sanctions, could result in fines or criminal penalties.
The international nature of our business exposes us to trade sanctions and other restrictions imposed by the U.S. and other governments. The U.S. Departments of Justice, Commerce, Treasury and other agencies and authorities have a broad range of civil and criminal penalties they may seek to impose against companies for violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"), export controls, anti-boycott provisions and other federal statutes, sanctions, and regulations and, increasingly, similar or more restrictive foreign laws, rules and regulations, which may also apply to us. In recent years, U.S. and foreign governments have increased their oversight and enforcement activities with respect to these laws and we expect the relevant agencies to continue to increase their enforcement efforts.
In foreign countries in which we have operations, a risk exists that our associates, contractors or agents could, in contravention of our policies, engage in business practices prohibited by U.S. laws and regulations applicable to us, such as the FCPA, or the laws and regulations of other countries, such as the UK Bribery Act. We maintain a policy, Code of Business Ethics, prohibiting such business practices. Nevertheless, we remain subject to the risk that one or more of our associates, contractors or agents, including those based in or from countries where practices that violate such U.S. laws and regulations or the laws and regulations of other countries may be customary, will engage in business practices that are prohibited by our policies, circumvent our compliance programs and, by doing so, violate such laws and regulations. Any such violations, even if prohibited by our internal policies, could adversely affect our business or financial performance and our reputation.
By virtue of these laws and regulations we may be obliged to limit our business activities, we may incur costs for compliance programs and we may be subject to enforcement actions or penalties for noncompliance. A violation of these laws, sanctions or regulations could result in restrictions on our exports, civil and criminal fines or penalties and could adversely impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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If our efforts to protect the security of personal information about our customers and consumers are unsuccessful and unauthorized access to that personal information is obtained, or we experience a significant disruption in our computer systems or a cybersecurity breach, we could experience an adverse effect on our operations, we could be subject to costly government enforcement action and private litigation and our reputation could suffer.
Our operations, especially our retail operations, involve the storage and transmission of our customers’ and consumers’ proprietary information, such as credit card and bank account numbers, and security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss of this information, government enforcement action and litigation and possible liability. Our payment services may be susceptible to credit card and other payment fraud schemes, including unauthorized use of credit cards, debit cards or bank account information, identity theft or merchant fraud.
If our security measures are breached as a result of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, and as a result, someone obtains unauthorized access to our customers’ and consumers’ data, our reputation may be damaged, our business may suffer, and we could incur significant liability. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. If an actual or perceived breach of our security occurs, the public perception of the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed and we could lose customers and consumers, which could adversely affect our business.
We also rely extensively on our computer systems to manage our ordering, pricing, inventory replenishment and other processes. Our systems could be subject to damage or interruption from various sources, including power outages, computer and telecommunications failures, computer viruses, cyber security breaches, vandalism, severe weather conditions, catastrophic events and human error, and our disaster recovery planning cannot account for all eventualities. If our systems are damaged, fail to function properly or otherwise become unavailable, we may incur substantial costs to repair or replace them, and we may experience loss of critical data and interruptions or delays in our ability to perform critical functions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Risks Related to Macro-Economic Conditions
Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly.
A portion of our indebtedness consists of revolver borrowings with variable rates of interest that expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on our variable rate indebtedness will increase even if the amount borrowed remains the same, and our net income and cash flows will correspondingly decrease. Assuming $170 million of variable-rate indebtedness (which was the amount of out indebtedness outstanding as of April 1,2022), a change of 1/8 of one percent in interest rates would result in a $0.2 million change in annual estimated interest expense. Even if we enter into additional interest rate swaps in the future in order to reduce future interest rate volatility, we may not fully mitigate our future interest rate risk.
Changes in U.S. and global trade policies, including new and potential tariffs on goods we import or on products we export to other countries, could increase our cost of goods or limit our access to export markets.
In recent years, protectionist trade policies have been increasing around the world, including in the U.S. It is unclear what additional tariffs, duties, border taxes or other similar assessments on imports might be implemented in the future and what effects these changes may have on retail markets or our operating performance. Additional protectionist trade legislation in either the U.S. or foreign countries, including changes in the current tariff structures, export or import compliance laws, or other trade policies, could reduce our ability to sell our products in foreign markets, the ability of foreign customers to purchase our products, and our ability to import components, parts, and products from foreign suppliers. In particular, increases in tariffs on goods imported into the U.S. could increase the cost to us of such merchandise (whether imported directly or indirectly) and cause increases in the prices at which we sell such merchandise to our customers, which could materially adversely affect the financial performance of our business.
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The global economy has been negatively impacted by the military conflict in Ukraine. Furthermore, governments in the U.S., United Kingdom, and European Union have each imposed export controls on certain products and financial and economic sanctions on certain industry sectors and parties in Russia. Although we have no operations in Russia or Ukraine, we may experience shortages in materials and increased costs for transportation, energy, and raw material due in part to the negative impact of the military conflict in Ukraine on the global economy. Further escalation of geopolitical tensions related to the military conflict, including increased trade barriers or restrictions on global trade, could result in, among other things, cyberattacks, supply disruptions, lower consumer demand, and changes to foreign exchange rates and financial markets, any of which may adversely affect our business and supply chain. In addition, the effects of the ongoing conflict could heighten many of our known risks described in this Annual Report.
Our results of operations could be impacted by unanticipated changes in tax provisions or exposure to additional income tax liabilities.
Our business operates in many locations under government jurisdictions that impose income taxes. Changes in domestic or foreign income tax laws and regulations, or their interpretation, could result in higher or lower income tax rates assessed or changes in the taxability of certain revenues or the deductibility of certain expenses, thereby affecting our income tax expense and profitability. In addition, audits by income tax authorities could result in unanticipated increases in our income tax expense.
In particular, we are affected by the impact of changes to tax laws or related authoritative interpretations in the U.S., including tax reform under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the '2017 Tax Act'), which includes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, and the state tax response to the 2017 Tax Act, including, but not limited to variability in our future tax rate.
We may need to raise additional capital, and we cannot be sure that additional financing will be available.
We will need to fund our ongoing working capital, capital expenditures and financing requirements through cash flows from operations and new sources of financing. Our ability to obtain future financing will depend on, among other things, our financial condition and results of operations as well as on the condition of the capital markets or other credit markets at the time we seek financing. Increased volatility and disruptions in the financial markets, including as a result of natural disasters and public health crises or other significant catastrophic events, such as the global COVID-19 pandemic, or geopolitical events, such as the military conflict in Ukraine, could make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain financing. In addition, the pendency of the Planned Separation may adversely affect our ability to obtain financing. We cannot assure you that we will have access to the capital markets or other credit markets on terms we find acceptable or at all.
The terms of the agreements governing our debt restrict our current and future operations, particularly our ability to incur debt that we may need to fund initiatives in response to changes in our business, the industries in which we operate, the economy and governmental regulations.
Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely affect our financial results.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, approximately 14% of our revenue was generated from sales outside the U.S. Revenues from foreign operations (and the related expense) are often transacted in foreign currencies or valued based on a currency other than U.S. dollars. For the purposes of financial reporting, this revenue is translated into U.S. dollars. Resulting gains and losses from foreign currency fluctuations are therefore included in our consolidated financial statements. As a result, when the U.S. dollar strengthens against certain foreign currencies, including the Euro, British pound sterling, Canadian dollar, and other major currencies, our reportable revenue in U.S. dollars generated from sales made in foreign currencies may decrease substantially. As a result, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
General economic conditions affect our results of operations.
Our revenues are affected by economic conditions and consumer confidence worldwide, but especially in the U.S. In times of economic uncertainty, consumers tend to defer expenditures for discretionary items, which affects demand for our products. Moreover, our businesses are cyclical in nature, and their success is impacted by general economic conditions and specific economic conditions affecting the regions and markets we serve, the overall level of consumer confidence in the economy and discretionary income levels. Any substantial deterioration in general economic conditions, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic or the military conflict in Ukraine, that diminishes consumer confidence or discretionary income could reduce our sales and adversely affect our financial results. Moreover, declining economic conditions create the potential for future impairments of goodwill and other intangible and long-lived assets that may negatively impact our financial condition or results of operations. The impact of weak consumer credit markets, corporate restructurings, layoffs, high unemployment rates, declines in the value of investments and residential real estate, higher fuel prices and increases in federal and state taxation can also negatively affect our results of operations.
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In addition, in recent periods sluggish economies and consumer uncertainty regarding future economic prospects in our key markets have had an adverse effect on the financial health of certain of our customers, which may in turn have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. We extend credit to our customers for periods of varying duration based on an assessment of the customer’s financial condition, generally without requiring collateral, which increases our exposure to the risk of uncollectible receivables. In addition, we face increased risk of order reduction or cancellation when dealing with financially ailing retailers or retailers struggling with economic uncertainty. Our risk of uncollectible receivables and order cancellations has recently been elevated as a result of retail store closures in many locations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has adversely affected many of our customers. We may reduce our level of business with customers and distributors experiencing financial difficulties and may not be able to replace that business with other customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. In times of uncertain economic conditions there is also increased risk that inventories may not be liquidated in an efficient manner and may result in us having excess levels of inventory.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock and Indebtedness
Our debt covenants may limit our ability to complete acquisitions, incur debt, make investments, sell assets, merge or complete other significant transactions.
Our 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility contains a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and our subsidiaries and limits our ability to engage in actions that may be in our long-term best interests, including restrictions on our, and our subsidiaries', ability to:
•incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or sell disqualified or preferred stock;
•pay dividends on, make distributions in respect of, repurchase or redeem, capital stock;
•make investments or acquisitions;
•sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of certain assets;
•create liens;
•enter into sale/leaseback transactions;
•enter into agreements restricting the ability to pay dividends or make other intercompany transfers;
•consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our or our subsidiaries' assets;
•enter into transactions with affiliates;
•prepay, repurchase or redeem certain kinds of indebtedness;
•issue or sell stock of our subsidiaries; and
•significantly change the nature of our business.
The indenture governing our 4.5% Notes also contains many of these same restrictions. As a result of all of these restrictions, we may be:
•limited in how we conduct our business and pursue our strategy;
•unable to raise additional debt financing that we may require to operate during general economic or business downturns; or
•unable to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities.
A failure to comply with the covenants in the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility could result in an event of default under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility, which could allow our creditors to accelerate the related indebtedness and proceed against the collateral that secures such indebtedness. Similarly, a failure to comply with the covenants in the indenture governing our 4.5% Notes could result in an event of default thereunder, which could allow the holders of the 4.5% Notes to accelerate such notes. The 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility and the indenture governing the 4.5% Notes contain cross-default provisions so that noncompliance with the covenants of any of our other debt agreements could cause a default under these debt agreements as well. In the event our creditors accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we may not have sufficient liquidity to repay our indebtedness.
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In the event that we incur additional indebtedness in connection with the Planned Separation, we expect that such indebtedness will also include restrictive covenants similar to those described above. See “Risks Related to our Planned Separation—We may incur additional indebtedness in connection with the Planned Separation, and such additional indebtedness could adversely impact our business, financial condition or results of operations.”
Provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, our Amended and Restated Bylaws, and Delaware law may prevent or delay an acquisition of our company, which could decrease the trading price of our common stock.
Several provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Bylaws and Delaware law may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that stockholders may consider favorable. These include provisions that:
•allow our Board of Directors to authorize for issuance, without stockholder approval, preferred stock, the rights of which will be determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors and, if issued, could operate as a “poison pill” to dilute the stock ownership of a potential hostile acquirer to prevent an acquisition that our Board of Directors does not approve;
•prohibit our stockholders from taking action by written consent and require that stockholder action must take place at a duly called annual or special meeting of our stockholders;
•establish how stockholders may present proposals or nominate directors for election at meetings of our stockholders;
•mandate that stockholders may only remove directors for cause;
•grant exclusive privilege (subject to certain limited exceptions) to our directors, and not our stockholders, to fill vacancies on our Board of Directors;
•provide that only our Board of Directors, Chairman of our Board of Directors, our Chief Executive Officer or the President (in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer) are entitled to call a special meeting of our stockholders; and
•limit our ability to enter into business combination transactions with certain stockholders.
These and other provisions of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Bylaws and Delaware law may discourage, delay or prevent certain types of transactions involving an actual or a threatened acquisition or change in control of us, including unsolicited takeover attempts, even though the transaction may offer our stockholders the opportunity to sell their shares of our common stock at a price above the prevailing market price.
Risks Related to our Planned Separation
The Planned Separation of our Outdoor Products and Sporting Products segments into two independent, publicly-traded companies is subject to various risks, uncertainties and conditions and may not be completed in accordance with the expected plan or at all.
On May 5, 2022, we announced that our Board of Directors unanimously approved a plan to separate our Outdoor Products and Sporting Products segments into two independent, publicly-traded companies via a spin-off of our Outdoor Products segment. The Planned Separation is subject to final approval of the terms of the transaction by our Board of Directors and other customary conditions, including, among other things, the receipt of a tax opinion from tax advisors concerning the tax-free nature of the transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the effectiveness of a Form 10 registration statement that Outdoor Products SpinCo will file with the SEC, approval of listing of the common stock of Outdoor Products SpinCo on the stock exchange chosen for the listing of such common stock and no other event or development existing or having occurred that our Board of Directors determines, in its sole and absolute discretion, makes it inadvisable to effect the Planned Separation or related transactions. The Planned Separation is complex in nature, and unanticipated developments or changes, including changes in the law, the macroeconomic environment, competitive conditions of our markets, approvals or consents that we may seek, the uncertainty of the financial markets, and challenges in executing the necessary transactions, could delay or prevent the completion of the Planned Separation, or cause the Planned Separation to occur on terms or conditions that are different or less favorable than expected.
While we are pursuing the Planned Separation, and whether or not the transaction is completed, our ongoing businesses may be adversely affected, including as a result of one or more of the following:
•the diversion of our management’s attention from operating and growing our business as a result of the significant amount of our management’s time and effort required to execute the Planned Separation;
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•foreseen and unforeseen costs and expenses that will be incurred in connection with the Planned Separation, including accounting, tax, legal and other professional services costs;
•challenges in separating our businesses, including separating the assets and liabilities, infrastructure and personnel of these businesses, potentially resulting in delays and additional costs in achieving the completion of the Planned Separation;
•disruptions to and potential adverse impacts on our relationships with our suppliers, customers and others with whom we do business;
•challenges in establishing the desired capital structure for the two businesses, including challenges accessing the financial markets;
•uncertainty among our key employees concerning their future with us or with Outdoor Products SpinCo, leading to potential distraction, as well as potential difficulty in attracting, retaining or motivating key employees during the pendency of the Planned Separation and following its planned completion;
•potential adverse impact on our credit ratings; and
•potential negative reactions from the financial markets if we fail to complete the Planned Separation as currently expected, within the anticipated time frame or at all.
The completion of the Planned Separation may not achieve some or all of the intended benefits and may adversely affect our business.
Even if the Planned Separation is completed, we may not realize some or all of the intended benefits from the separation of our businesses, and the Planned Separation may adversely affect our business. A spin-off of our Outdoor Products segment will result in us being a smaller, less diversified company, making us more vulnerable to changing market and economic conditions. Our Sporting Products business will be more concentrated in ammunition products, and we will have greater exposure to legal, regulatory, political and other risks relating to the ammunition industry. In addition, as a smaller company, our ability to absorb costs may be negatively impacted, and we may be unable to obtain financings, goods or services at prices or on terms that are as favorable as those obtained by us prior to the Planned Separation. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, business prospects and the trading price of our common stock. We cannot assure you that the combined value of the common stock of the two publicly traded companies following the completion of the Planned Separation will be equal to or greater than what the value of our common stock would have been had the Planned Separation not occurred.
The Planned Separation may have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock.
The changes in our operational and financial profile resulting from the Planned Separation may not meet some or all of our stockholders’ investment strategies, which could cause investors to sell their shares and otherwise decrease demand for shares of our common stock. Sales of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decrease, and the market price of our common stock may be subject to greater volatility following the completion of the Planned Separation.
The Planned Separation and related transactions may expose us to potential liabilities arising out of state and federal fraudulent conveyance laws and legal distribution requirements.
The Planned Separation could be challenged under various state and federal fraudulent conveyance laws. An unpaid creditor could claim that we did not receive fair consideration or reasonably equivalent value in the Planned Separation, and that the Planned Separation left us insolvent or with unreasonably small capital or that we intended or believed we would incur debts beyond our ability to pay such debts as they mature. If a court were to agree with such a plaintiff, then such court could void the Planned Separation as a fraudulent transfer and could impose a number of different remedies, including returning the assets or the shares of Outdoor Products SpinCo common stock or providing us with a claim for money damages against Outdoor Products SpinCo in an amount equal to the difference between the consideration received by us and the fair market value of Outdoor Products SpinCo at the time of the Planned Separation.
The Planned Separation could result in significant tax liability to the Company and its stockholders, and tax rules could limit our ability to enter into certain transactions for a period of time following the Planned Separation.
The distribution of shares of Outdoor Products SpinCo to our stockholders in the Planned Separation is expected to qualify as tax-free under Section 355 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. We intend to obtain an opinion from our tax advisors as to the tax-free nature of the Planned Separation. This opinion will be based on, among other things, various factual assumptions and representations by us and Outdoor Products SpinCo regarding the past and future conduct of the companies’
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respective businesses and other matters. If any of these assumptions or representations are, or become, inaccurate or incomplete, reliance on the tax opinion may be jeopardized. The opinion will not be binding on the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), and it is possible that the IRS will take a contrary position. If the IRS determined on audit that the distribution is taxable, both we and our stockholders could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities.
In addition, following the Planned Separation, compliance with the requirements for a tax-free spin-off under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code may limit our ability to enter into certain transactions that would otherwise be advantageous to us. For example, transactions such as share repurchases, certain major asset dispositions, and business combination and other strategic transactions with other businesses involving the issuance or acquisition of our stock may in some cases cause the Planned Separation to become taxable if undertaken within a period of time following the completion of the Planned Separation. As a result, we may determine to limit or forgo entirely such transactions in order to maintain the tax-free status of the Planned Separation.
We may incur additional indebtedness in connection with the Planned Separation, which could adversely impact our liquidity and strategic flexibility.
In connection with the Planned Separation, we may incur additional indebtedness, which may include, among other things, borrowings under credit facilities or the issuance of debt securities in one or more public or private offerings. Our target capital structure for the Company, following the completion of the Planned Separation, includes a target leverage level of up to 3.0 times EBITDA, although we cannot assure you that additional indebtedness will be available on terms we find acceptable or at all. Any such additional indebtedness would require a portion of our cash flow to be allocated to debt service payments instead of other business purposes, thereby reducing the amount of cash flow available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes. Furthermore, any such additional indebtedness could impose operating and financial restrictions on us that limit our growth and the implementation of our business strategy. See “Risks related to our common stock and indebtedness—Our debt covenants may limit our ability to complete acquisitions, incur debt, make investments, sell assets, merge or complete other significant transactions.”
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Facilities—As of March 31, 2022, we occupied manufacturing, assembly, warehouse, test, research, development, and office facilities. All our facilities are leased unless noted otherwise below.
As of March 31, 2022, our segments had significant operations at the following locations, which include office, manufacturing, and distribution facilities:
| Sporting Products | *Lewiston, ID, *Anoka, MN; *Lonoke, AR; Sweet Home, OR | |||||||
| Outdoor Products | Petaluma, CA; Scotts Valley, CA; Rantoul, IL; Hyde Park; UT , Overland Park, KS; Olathe, KS, Monticello, MS; Manhattan, MT; Lares, PR; *Oroville, CA; Bozeman, MT; Eagle, CO; San Diego, CA; Mountain View, AR; Seymour, MO | |||||||
| Corporate | Anoka, MN | |||||||
| * denotes owned properties | ||||||||
Our properties are well maintained and in good operating condition and are sufficient to meet our near-term operating requirements.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, we are subject to various legal proceedings, including lawsuits, which arise out of, and are incidental to, the conduct of our business. We do not consider any of such proceedings that are currently pending, individually or in the aggregate, to be material to our business or likely to result in a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.
Certain of our former subsidiaries have been identified as PRPs, along with other parties, in regulatory agency actions associated with hazardous waste sites.
As a PRP, we may be required to pay a share of the costs of the investigation and clean-up of these sites. While uncertainties exist with respect to the amounts and timing of our ultimate environmental liabilities, based on currently available
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information, we do not currently expect that these potential liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.
The description of certain of these environmental matters is contained in Part II, Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations under the heading, Contingencies, and is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES (Amount in thousands except price per share)
Vista Outdoor's common stock is listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "VSTO".
The number of holders of record of Vista Outdoor's common stock as of May 16, 2022 was 2,963.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
See Part III, Item 12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters, which is incorporated by reference herein for information regarding our equity compensation plans.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None
Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
On May 6, 2021, we announced that the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (the "2021 Share Repurchase Program") pursuant to which we may repurchase up to $100,000 of our common stock. There will be no remaining shares repurchased under the 2021 Share Repurchase Program.
On February 3, 2022, we announced that the Board of Directors authorized an additional two-year share repurchase program (the "2022 Share Repurchase Program") pursuant to which we may repurchase up to $200,000 of our common stock. The 2022 Share Repurchase Program expires on January 24, 2024.
The combined amounts under both of these repurchase programs are currently well below the covenants in our 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility that limit our share repurchases.
The following table summarizes our share repurchases under the 2021 and 2022 Share Repurchase Program during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022:
| Period | Total number of shares repurchased (1) | Average price paid per share (1) | Total number of shares repurchased as part of publicly announced plan or programs | Approximate number of shares that may yet be repurchased under the plan or programs (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 27, 2021 - January 23, 2022 (3) | 359 | 39.51 | 337 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| January 24, 2022 - February 20, 2022 (4) | 364 | 38.36 | 362 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| February 21, 2022 - March 31, 2022 | 91 | 35.59 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2022 | 814 | 38.56 | 699 | 5,214 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Included in the total number of shares repurchased and average price paid per share is 115 shares withheld to pay taxes upon vesting of shares of restricted stock units, performance shares, or upon exercise of stock options, that were granted under our equity incentive plans.
(2) Since the inception of the programs through March 31, 2022, we repurchased 2,981 shares for $113,165 leaving approximately $186,105 remaining to be purchased. The shares were purchased from time to time in open market, block purchase, or negotiated transactions, subject to compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The repurchase authorization also allowed us to make repurchases under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The approximate number of shares that may yet be repurchased under the 2022 Share Repurchase program was calculated using the Vista Outdoor closing stock price of $35.69 per share on March 31, 2022.
(3) Share repurchases under the 2021 Share Repurchase Program.
(4) Share repurchases under the 2022 Share Repurchase Program.
Stockholder Return Performance Graph
The following graph compares, from March 31, 2017 through the March 31, 2022 fiscal year end, the cumulative total return for our common stock with the comparable cumulative total return of two indexes: the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index
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(“S&P 500”) and the Standard & Poor’s 600 Smallcap Index (“S&P 600”). The S&P 500 tracks the aggregate price performance of equity securities of 500 large-cap companies that are actively traded in the U.S., and is considered to be a leading indicator of U.S. equity securities. The S&P 600 is a market value-weighted index that tracks the aggregate price performance of equity securities from a broad range of small-cap stocks traded in the U.S.
The graph assumes that on March 31, 2017, $100 was invested in our common stock (at the closing price on that trading day) and in each of the indexes. The comparison assumes that all dividends, if any, were reinvested.
ITEM 6. RESERVED
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. This section and other sections of this Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. See "Forward-Looking Statements" and Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors" included in this Annual Report.
(Dollar amounts in thousands except share and per share data or unless otherwise indicated)
Critical Accounting Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, we make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We re-evaluate our estimates on an on-going basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We review our estimates on an ongoing basis to ensure the estimates appropriately reflect changes in our business and the most recent information available.
We believe the critical accounting policies discussed below affect our most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. For a complete discussion of all our significant accounting policies, see Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.
Revenue Recognition
The total amount of revenue we recognize for the sale of our products reflects various sales adjustments for discounts, returns, refunds, allowances, rebates, and other customer incentives. These sales adjustments can vary based on market conditions, customer preferences, timing of customer payments, volume of products sold, and timing of new product launches. These adjustments require management to make reasonable estimates of the amount we expect to receive from the customer. We estimate sales adjustments by customer or by product category on the basis of our historical experience with similar contracts with customers, adjusted as necessary to reflect current facts and circumstances and our expectations for the future. Sales taxes, firearms and ammunition excise tax, and other similar taxes are excluded from revenue.
Allowance for Estimated Credit Losses
We maintain an allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable for future expected credit losses resulting from the inability or unwillingness of our customers to make required payments. We estimate the allowance based upon historical bad debts, current customer receivable balances, age of customer receivable balances, and the customers' financial condition and in relation to a representative pool of assets consisting of a large number of customers with similar risk characteristics. The allowance is adjusted as appropriate to reflect differences in current conditions as well as changes in forecasted macroeconomic conditions.
Inventories
Our inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We evaluate the quantities of inventory held against past and future demand and market conditions to determine excess or slow-moving inventory. For each product category, we estimate the market value of the inventory comprising that category based on current and projected selling prices. If the projected market value is less than cost, we provide an allowance to reflect the lower value of the inventory. This methodology recognizes projected inventory losses at the time such losses are evident rather than at the time goods are actually sold. The projected market value of the inventory may decrease due to consumer preferences, legislative changes, or loss of key contracts among other events.
Income Taxes
Provisions for federal, state, and foreign income taxes are calculated based on reported pre-tax earnings and current tax law. Such provisions differ from the amounts currently receivable or payable because certain items of income and expense are recognized in different time periods for financial reporting purposes than for income tax purposes. Significant judgment is required in determining income tax provisions and evaluating tax positions. We periodically assess our liabilities and contingencies for all periods that are currently open to examination or have not been effectively settled based on the most current available information. Where it is not more likely than not that our tax position will be sustained, we record the entire resulting tax liability and when it is more likely than not of being sustained, we record our best estimate of the resulting tax
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liability. As per our policy, any applicable interest and penalties related to these positions are also recorded in the consolidated financial statements. To the extent our assessment of the tax outcome of these matters changes, such change in estimate will impact the income tax provision in the period of the change.
Deferred tax assets are assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. Significant estimates are required for this analysis. If we determine it is not more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will be realized, a valuation allowance will be recorded. Changes in the amounts of valuation allowance are recorded in the tax provision in the period when the change occurs.
Accounting for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles
We test goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets annually or upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the asset might be impaired.
We estimate fair value to assess the recoverability of our goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets using a discounted cash flow model. Our assumptions used to develop the discounted cash flow analysis require us to make significant estimates regarding future revenues and expenses, projected capital expenditures, changes in working capital, and appropriate discount rates. The projections also take into account several factors including current and estimated economic trends and outlook, costs of raw materials and other factors that are beyond our control. If the current economic conditions were to deteriorate, or if we were to lose significant business, causing a reduction in estimated discounted cash flows, it is possible that the estimated fair value of certain reporting units or indefinite lived intangible assets could fall below their carrying value resulting in the necessity to conduct additional impairment tests in future periods. We continually monitor the reporting units and indefinite lived intangible assets for impairment indicators.
Business Combinations
We allocate the purchase price, including contingent consideration, of our acquisitions to the assets and liabilities acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. The fair values are primarily based on third-party valuations using our management assumptions that require significant judgments and estimates. The purchase price allocated to intangibles is based on unobservable factors, including but not limited to, projected revenues, expenses, customer attrition rates, royalty rates, a weighted average cost of capital, among others. The weighted average cost of capital uses a market participant’s cost of equity and after-tax cost of debt and reflects the risks inherent in the cash flows. The unobservable factors we use are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but are also uncertain and unpredictable, as a result these estimates, and assumptions may require adjustment in the future if actual results differ from our estimates.
Contingent Consideration
Our approach to valuing the initial contingent consideration associated with the purchase price uses unobservable factors such as projected revenues and expenses over the term of the contingent earn-out period, discounted for the period over which the contingent consideration is measured, and volatility rates. Based upon these assumptions, the initial contingent consideration is then valued using a Monte Carlo simulation analysis in a risk-neutral framework. As of March 31, 2022, the contingent consideration liability consists of the estimated amounts due for earn-out payments from fiscal year 2023 through 2026. On a recurring basis, we adjust the contingent consideration liability to fair value based on the estimated probability of achieving the earn out targets and changes in any of the other Level 3 inputs above. To the extent our estimates change in the future regarding the likelihood of achieving these targets, we may need to record material adjustments to our contingent consideration liabilities.
See Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, for discussion of new accounting pronouncements.
Executive Summary
Fiscal year 2022 record results and significant growth were supported by strong demand in the market for our portfolio of iconic brands, including the seven new brands acquired during the last two fiscal years.
Financial Highlights and Notable Events of fiscal year 2022
•Net sales increased $819,099 or 36.8%, over the prior fiscal year.
•Sporting Products net sales increased $618,137, or 55.2%.
•Outdoor Products net sales increased $200,962, or 18.2%.
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•Gross profit increased $476,272, or 75.2%, as compared to the prior fiscal year. Gross profit as a percentage of sales, increased to 36.4%, an increase of 799 basis points over the prior fiscal year.
•Sporting Products gross profit increased $399,930, or 128.1%.
•Outdoor Products gross profit increased $78,024, or 24.3%
•EBIT increased $361,264, or 126.8%, as compared to the prior fiscal year. EBIT as a percentage of sales increased to 21.2%, an increase of 842 basis points over the prior fiscal year.
•Fiscal year 2022 income was $473,226, or $8.00 per diluted share, an increase of $207,214, or $3.56 per diluted share over the prior fiscal year.
•We acquired QuietKat Inc. (QuietKat) during the first fiscal quarter of 2022, Foresight Sports (Foresight) and Fiber Energy Products (Fiber) during the third fiscal quarter of 2022, and Stone Glacier during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2022. See Note 7, Acquisitions and Divestitures, of the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, for a discussion of our acquisitions during fiscal year 2022.
•We repurchased 2,981 shares for a total of $113,165 during fiscal year 2022 under our 2021 Share Repurchase Program and our 2022 Share Repurchase Program. See Part II, Item 5 of this Annual Report, for details on our share repurchase programs.
•On May 5, 2022, we announced that our Board of Directors has unanimously approved preparations for the separation of our Outdoor Products and Sporting Products reportable segments into two independent, publicly-traded companies (the “Planned Separation”). We anticipate that the transaction will be in the form of a distribution to our shareholders of 100% of the stock of Outdoor Products, which will become a new, independent publicly traded company. The distribution is intended to be tax-free to U.S. shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We currently expect the transaction will be completed in calendar year 2023, subject to final approval by our Board of Directors, a Form 10 registration statement being declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, regulatory approvals and satisfaction of other conditions. There can be no assurance regarding the ultimate timing of the proposed transaction or that the transaction will be completed.
Outlook
Sporting Products Industry
Sales of hunting and shooting-sports related products, including ammunition, are heavily influenced by hunting and recreational shooting participation rates, civil unrest and the political environment. We believe that long-term participation trends support our expectation of continued increased demand for hunting and shooting-sports related products. Participation rates have remained strong, and we are seeing an expanded demographic of users. This broadened end consumer base has resulted in a much larger total addressable market opportunity for the industry and for our company. We believe we are well-positioned to succeed and capitalize on this demand given our scale and global operating platform, which we believe is particularly difficult to replicate in the highly regulated and capital-intensive ammunition manufacturing sector.
Outdoor Recreation Industry
We believe that long-term outdoor participation trends combined with a larger base of participants supports our expectation of continued increased demand for the innovative outdoor recreation-related products produced by our Outdoor Products brands. Participation rates have remained strong and we are seeing an expanded demographic within our end users. Our Outdoor Products brands hold a strong competitive position in the marketplace, and we intend to further differentiate our brands through focused research and development and marketing investments including increased use of social media and other digital marketing. Following significant investments in our brands’ e-commerce capabilities, both directly and through our E-Commerce Center of Excellence, we believe our brands are well-positioned to benefit from the ongoing shift in consumer shopping behavior to utilize online channels.
Results of Operations
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of our management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and certain other factors that may affect our future results. The following information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report.
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Fiscal Year 2022 Compared to Fiscal Year 2021
Our net sales, gross profit, gross profit as a percentage of net sales (gross profit margin), EBIT, EBIT as a percentage of net sales (EBIT margin), interest expense, and tax provision by reporting segment and by corporate and other (where applicable) are presented below (dollars in thousands):
| Years ended March 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales: | 2022 | 2021(1) | Dollars | Percent | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sporting Products | $ | 1,737,891 | $ | 1,119,754 | $ | 618,137 | 55.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Outdoor Products | 1,306,730 | 1,105,768 | 200,962 | 18.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 3,044,621 | $ | 2,225,522 | $ | 819,099 | 36.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
(1) We modified the structure of our reportable segments during the third quarter of fiscal year 2022. Accordingly, prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation. See Note 18, Operating Segment Information, to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.
Sporting Products—The fiscal year 2022 period includes sales from Remington and HEVI-Shot, which we acquired in the third and fourth quarters, respectively, of the prior fiscal year. The increase also reflects improved pricing and strong demand in the market across our Sporting Products line, and production increases over the prior year at all of our facilities. These increases were partially offset by a reduction of sales from small rifle ammunition produced at the Lake City Army Ammunition Plant.
Outdoor Products—The increase in sales was driven by continued demand in the market for most of our categories, and was not restricted by retail store closures that impacted the prior year. The increase also reflects sales from businesses acquired in the current fiscal year. This was partially offset by a decline in our Outdoor Cooking business caused primarily by declining e-commerce sales as foot traffic returned to brick and mortar stores.
| Years ended March 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit: | 2022 | 2021(1) | Dollars | Percent | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sporting Products | $ | 712,160 | $ | 312,230 | $ | 399,930 | 128.1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Outdoor Products | 399,447 | 321,423 | 78,024 | 24.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other | (2,375) | (693) | (1,682) | (242.7) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,109,232 | $ | 632,960 | $ | 476,272 | 75.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit margin | 36.4% | 28.4% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sporting Products—The fiscal year 2022 period gross profit includes profits from Remington and HEVI-Shot, which we acquired in the third and fourth quarters, respectively, of the prior fiscal year. The increase also reflects improved pricing, sales volume and operating efficiencies. These increases were partially offset by increased commodity and input costs. Gross profit margin was 41.0% compared to 27.9% in the prior year.
Outdoor Products—The increase in gross profit was primarily driven by sales volume and operating efficiencies, partially offset by higher logistics costs, input costs, and sales channel mix. The increase also reflects gross profit from acquisitions that occurred during the current fiscal year. Gross profit margin was 30.6% compared to 29.1% in the prior year.
Corporate and Other—The decrease in corporate gross profit was due to inventory step-up expenses from acquisitions during the current year.
| Years ended March 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBIT: | 2022 | 2021(1) | Dollars | Percent | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sporting Products | $ | 600,415 | $ | 222,713 | $ | 377,702 | 169.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Outdoor Products | 164,494 | 137,942 | 26,552 | 19.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other | (118,687) | (75,697) | (42,990) | (56.8) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 646,222 | $ | 284,958 | $ | 361,264 | 126.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| EBIT margin | 21.2% | 12.8% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sporting Products—The increase in EBIT was primarily driven by the gross profit increase, partially offset by higher selling, general, and administrative expenses from the acquisitions of Remington and HEVI-Shot and higher selling and marketing expenses to support increased sales. EBIT margin was 34.5% compared to 19.9% in the prior year.
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Outdoor Products—The increase in EBIT was primarily driven by the gross profit increase, partially offset by increased selling, general, and administrative expenses from the current year acquisitions and investments in selling and marketing expenses to support increased sales and industry events, such as trade shows that returned this fiscal year. EBIT margin was 12.6% compared to 12.5% in the prior year.
Corporate and Other—The decrease in EBIT was primarily driven by the prior fiscal year pretax gain related to the divestiture of a non-strategic business in our Sporting Products segment. Additionally, the current fiscal year has higher share-based and incentive compensation expense, higher post-acquisition compensation, and investments in human capital which support our centers of excellence.
| Years ended March 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net: | 2022 | 2021 | Dollars | Percent | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other | $ | 25,264 | $ | 25,574 | $ | (310) | (1.2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
The decrease in interest expense was due to a decrease in debt issuance cost write-offs and a reduction in our interest rate on the 4.5% Notes, offset by an increase in our average debt balance.
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision: | 2022 | Effective Rate | 2021 | Effective Rate | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other | $ | (147,732) | 23.8 | % | $ | 6,628 | (2.6) | % | $ | (154,360) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
See Note 15, Income Taxes, to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, for information regarding income taxes.
The increase in the current period tax rate is primarily due to the impact of the prior year decrease in the valuation allowance driven by earnings, the benefit of the loss carrybacks to prior profitable years as permitted under IRS regulations under the CAREs Act which permitted us to realize previously valued assets, and the release of the reserves for uncertain tax positions due to statute expiration in the prior year.
Our provision for income taxes includes federal, state and foreign income taxes. The effective tax rate for fiscal year 2022 of 23.8% differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the impact of state taxes and is partially offset by changes in tax contingency.
The effective tax rate for fiscal year 2021 of (2.6)% differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the impact of the decrease in the valuation allowance, the release of uncertain tax positions, and the impact of the CAREs Act.
As of March 31, 2022 and 2021, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $24,719 and $23,000, respectively, of which $21,139 and $20,283, respectively, would affect the effective tax rate, if recognized. The remaining balance is related to deferred tax items which only impact the timing of tax payments. Although the timing and outcome of audit settlements are uncertain, it is reasonably possible that a $3,419 reduction of the uncertain tax benefits will occur in the next 12 months. The settlement of these unrecognized tax benefits could result in earnings from $0 to $2,753. See Note 15, Income Taxes, to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report for further details.
Fiscal Year 2021 Compared to Fiscal Year 2020
Our net sales, gross profit, gross profit as a percentage of net sales (gross profit margin), EBIT, EBIT as a percentage of net sales (EBIT margin), interest expense, and tax provision by reporting segment and by corporate and other (where applicable) are presented below (dollars in thousands):
| Years ended March 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales: | 2021(1) | 2020(1) | Dollars | Percent | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sporting Products | $ | 1,119,754 | $ | 871,550 | $ | 248,204 | 28.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Outdoor Products | 1,105,768 | 884,321 | 221,447 | 25.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,225,522 | $ | 1,755,871 | $ | 469,651 | 26.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
(1) We modified the structure of our reportable segments during the third quarter of fiscal year 2022. Accordingly, prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation. See Note 18, Operating Segment Information, to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.
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Sporting Products—The increase in sales was primarily driven by strong demand in the market across nearly all categories, and improved pricing. Acquisitions accounted for $44,583 of net sales in fiscal year 2021. These increases were partially offset by the sale of our Firearms Business in fiscal year 2020, which accounted for approximately $25,000 of net sales.
Outdoor Products—The increase in sales was driven by strong demand in our Outdoor Accessories, Action Sports, Outdoor Cooking, and Golf businesses. This strong demand was partially offset by retail store closures in our first quarter of fiscal year 2021 and continued supply chain interruptions.
| Years ended March 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit: | 2021(1) | 2020(1) | Dollars | Percent | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sporting Products | $ | 312,230 | $ | 137,914 | $ | 174,316 | 126.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Outdoor Products | 321,423 | 222,372 | 99,051 | 44.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other | (693) | (1,520) | 827 | 54.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 632,960 | $ | 358,766 | $ | 274,194 | 76.4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit margin | 28.4% | 20.4% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sporting Products—The increase in gross profit was primarily driven by sales volume and pricing as described above and operating efficiencies. These increases were partially offset by the sale of our Firearms Business in fiscal year 2020. Gross profit margin was 27.9% in fiscal year 2021, compared to 15.8% in the previous year.
Outdoor Products—The increase in our gross profit was primarily driven by sales volume as described above and strong direct-to-consumer sales, partially offset by increased shipping, tariff, and product costs. Gross profit margin was 29.1% in fiscal year 2021, compared to 25.1% in the previous year.
Corporate and Other—The increase in corporate gross profit was due to fiscal year 2020 business restructuring costs, partially offset by inventory step-up expenses during fiscal year 2021.
| Years ended March 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBIT: | 2021(1) | 2020(1) | Dollars | Percent | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sporting Products | $ | 222,713 | $ | 66,898 | $ | 155,815 | 232.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Outdoor Products | 137,942 | 43,125 | 94,817 | 219.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate and other | (75,697) | (242,259) | 166,562 | 68.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 284,958 | $ | (132,236) | $ | 417,194 | 315.5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| EBIT margin | 12.8% | (7.5)% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sporting Products—The increase in EBIT was primarily driven by the gross profit increase as described above, decreased travel and trade show expenses due to the COVID-19 pandemic, benefits from fiscal year 2020 cost savings initiatives, partially offset by losses attributable to initial marketing and start-up costs at Remington, increased incentive compensation accruals and the sale of our Firearms Business in fiscal year 2020. EBIT margin was 19.9% in fiscal year 2021, compared to 7.7% in the previous year.
Outdoor Products—The increase in EBIT was primarily driven by the gross profit increase as described above, partially offset by increased incentive compensation accruals and higher selling and marketing costs. EBIT margin was 12.5% in fiscal year 2021, compared to 4.9% in the previous year.
Corporate and Other—The increase in EBIT was primarily driven by fiscal year 2020 goodwill and intangible impairment expenses of $155,588, pretax gain on divestiture of $18,467 in fiscal year 2021, fiscal year 2020 held for sale asset impairment of $9,429 in our Firearms business, and a reduction of fiscal year 2020 restructuring expenses. These were partially offset by higher incentive compensation accrual, the loss on extinguishment of debt and higher transaction and transition costs in the fiscal year 2021.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We manage our business to maximize operating cash flows as the primary source of liquidity. In addition to cash on hand and cash generated by operations, our sources of liquidity include committed credit facilities and access to the public debt and equity markets. We use our cash primarily to fund investments in our existing businesses and for debt payments, acquisitions, share repurchases, and other activities.
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Financial Condition
Cash decreased to $22,584 at March 31, 2022 from $243,265 at March 31, 2021, primarily due to cash paid for acquisitions and the repurchase of shares, partially offset by cash provided from our operating activities and proceeds from our ABL Revolving Credit Facility during the last twelve months.
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $27,063 from the prior fiscal year. The decrease was primarily driven by inventory purchases in the current fiscal year to position ourselves for future growth and to mitigate supply chain disruption risks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, timing of accounts payable, and higher accounts receivable balances due to higher sales volume. These decreases were partially offset by net income.
Investing Activities
Cash used for investing activities increased $485,820 from the prior fiscal year. The current fiscal year cash usage was driven by the acquisition of businesses.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $48,967 compared to a use of cash of $31,640 during the prior fiscal year. The increase was primarily driven by net proceeds from our ABL Revolving Credit Facility, partially offset by the decrease in the net cash received from the issuance of our 4.5% Notes and redemption of our 5.875% Notes in fiscal year 2021, and cash used for the repurchase of shares of $113,195 during fiscal year 2022.
Liquidity
In addition to our normal operating cash requirements, our principal future cash requirements will be to fund capital expenditures, debt repayments, employee benefit obligations, share repurchases, and any strategic acquisitions. Our short-term cash requirements for operations are expected to consist mainly of capital expenditures to maintain production facilities and working capital requirements. Our debt service requirements over the next two years consist of required interest payments due under our 4.5% Notes and 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility.
Based on our current financial condition, management believes that our cash position, combined with anticipated generation of cash flows and the availability of funding, if needed, under our 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility, access to debt and equity markets, as well as other potential sources of funding including additional bank financing, will be adequate to fund future growth, to service our currently anticipated long-term debt obligations, make capital expenditures over the next 12 months and fund the 2022 Share Repurchase Program. As of March 31, 2022, based on the borrowing base less outstanding borrowings of $170,000, outstanding letters of credit of $16,791, less the minimum required borrowing base of $45,000, the amount available under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility was $218,209.
There can be no assurance that the cost or availability of future borrowings, if any, will not be materially impacted by capital market conditions, including any disruptions to capital markets as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (including the emergence and spread of vaccine resistant coronavirus variants), the military conflict in Ukraine and imposition of sanctions on Russia, or our future financial condition and performance. Furthermore, because our 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility is secured in large part by receivables from our customers, a sustained deterioration in general economic conditions, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (including the emergence and spread of vaccine resistant coronavirus variants) or the military conflict in Ukraine and imposition of sanctions on Russia, that adversely affects the creditworthiness of our customers could have a negative effect on our future available liquidity under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility.
Share Repurchases
As of March 31, 2022, there is $186,105 remaining under our $200,000 2022 Share Repurchase Program, which we intend to fund through the fourth fiscal quarter of 2024. Additional information regarding our share repurchases during fiscal year 2022 is presented in Part II, Item 5 of this Annual Report.
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Long-Term Debt and Credit Agreements
As of March 31, 2022, we had actual total indebtedness of $670,000, which consisted of the following:
| March 31, 2022 | ||||||||
| Credit Agreements: | ||||||||
| 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 170,000 | ||||||
| 4.5% Senior Notes | 500,000 | |||||||
| Less: unamortized deferred financing costs | (3,886) | |||||||
| Carrying amount of long-term debt | $ | 666,114 | ||||||
Our total debt as a percentage of total capitalization (total debt and stockholders' equity) was 37% as of March 31, 2022.
See Note 13, Long-term Debt, to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, for a detailed discussion of our indebtedness.
Material Cash Requirements
The following tables summarize our material cash requirements as of March 31, 2022:
| Material cash requirements by period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Less than 1 year | Years 2 - 3 | Years 4 - 5 | More than 5 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | 670,000 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 170,000 | $ | 500,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest on debt | 172,517 | 26,255 | 52,508 | 48,754 | 45,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | 130,630 | 18,484 | 31,051 | 25,519 | 55,576 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase commitments and other | 259,108 | 106,220 | 152,888 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,232,255 | $ | 150,959 | $ | 236,447 | $ | 244,273 | $ | 600,576 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Payments for interest is based on outstanding debt as of March 31, 2022.
Pension benefit obligation has been excluded from the Contractual Obligations table (see Note 14, Employee Benefit Plans), to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report, for details on our required contributions to our pension trust.
The total liability for uncertain tax positions as of March 31, 2022 was approximately $24,719 (see Note 15, Income Taxes, to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8, of this Annual Report), none of which is expected to be paid within 12 months. We are unable to provide a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of future payments relating to the non-current uncertain tax position obligations.
Contingencies
Litigation
From time-to-time, we are subject to various legal proceedings, including lawsuits, which arise out of and are incidental to, the conduct of our business. We do not consider any of such proceedings that are currently pending, individually or in the aggregate, to be material to our business or likely to result in a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.
Environmental Liabilities
Our operations and ownership or use of real property are subject to a number of federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations, as well as applicable foreign laws and regulations, including those governing the discharge of hazardous materials, remediation of contaminated sites, and restoration of damage to the environment. We are obligated to conduct investigation and/or remediation activities at certain sites that we own or operate or formerly owned or operated.
Certain of our former subsidiaries have been identified as PRPs, along with other parties, in regulatory agency actions associated with hazardous waste sites. As a PRP, those former subsidiaries may be required to pay a share of the costs of the investigation and clean-up of these sites. In that event, we would be obligated to indemnify those subsidiaries for such costs. While uncertainties exist with respect to the amounts and timing of the ultimate environmental liabilities, based on currently
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available information, we do not currently expect that these potential liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.
We could incur substantial additional costs, including cleanup costs, resource restoration, fines, and penalties or third-party property damage or personal injury claims, as a result of violations or liabilities under environmental laws or non-compliance with environmental permits. While environmental laws and regulations have not had a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows in the past, and we have environmental management programs in place to mitigate these risks, it is difficult to predict whether they will have a material impact in the future.
See Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies, to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report for additional information.
Dependence on Key Customers; Concentration of Credit
No customer contributed more than 10% of sales during fiscal years 2022 and 2021; however, Walmart accounted for approximately 13% of our total fiscal year 2020 sales. If a key customer fails to meet payment obligations, our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Inflation and Commodity Price Risk
We are exposed to inflationary factors such as increases in labor, supplier, logistics and overhead costs that may adversely affect our operating results. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our ability to maintain current levels of gross margin and operating expenses, if the selling prices of our products are not able to offset these increased costs. Additionally, inflation may potentially impact demand as consumers reduce discretionary spending. We have been impacted by changes in the prices of raw materials used in production as well as changes in oil and energy costs. In particular, the prices of commodity metals, such as copper, zinc, and lead continue to be volatile. These prices generally impact our Sporting Products Segment. See Note 4, Derivative Financial Instruments, to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report for additional information.
We have a strategic sourcing, pricing and hedging strategy to mitigate risk from commodity price fluctuation. We will continue to evaluate the need for future price changes in light of these trends, our competitive landscape, and our financial results. If our sourcing and pricing strategy is unable to offset impacts of the commodity price fluctuations, our future results from operations and cash flows would be materially impacted.
36
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. A significant portion of our indebtedness consists of revolver borrowings with variable rates of interest that expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on our variable rate indebtedness will increase even if the amount borrowed remains the same, and our net income and cash flows will correspondingly decrease. Assuming $170 million of variable-rate indebtedness (which was the amount of out indebtedness outstanding as of April 1, 2022), a change of 1/8 of one percent in interest rates would result in a $0.2 million change in annual estimated interest expense. Our indebtedness as of April 1, 2021 did not include any outstanding variable debt. To mitigate the risks from interest rate exposure, we may enter into hedging transactions, mainly interest rate swaps, through derivative financial instruments that have been authorized pursuant to corporate policies. We may use derivatives to hedge certain interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate, and commodity price risks, but do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. Additional information regarding these financial instruments is contained in Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, to the audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report. Our objective in managing exposure to changes in interest rates is to limit the impact of such changes on earnings and cash flow.
We measure market risk related to holdings of financial instruments based on changes in interest rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis measures the potential loss in fair values, cash flows, and earnings based on a hypothetical change (increase and decrease) in interest rates. We used current market rates on the debt portfolio to perform the sensitivity analysis. Certain items such as lease contracts, insurance contracts, and obligations for pension and other postretirement benefits were not included in the analysis.
We conduct business through our subsidiaries in many different countries, and fluctuations in currency exchange rates could have a significant impact on the reported results of operations, which are presented in U.S. dollars. Cross-border transactions, both with external parties and intercompany relationships, result in increased exposure to foreign exchange effects. Accordingly, significant changes in currency exchange rates, particularly the Euro, the British pound, the Chinese renminbi (yuan), and the Canadian dollar, could cause fluctuations in the reported results of our businesses’ operations that could negatively affect our results of operations. To mitigate the risks from foreign currency exposure, we may enter into hedging transactions, mainly foreign currency forward contracts, through derivative financial instruments that have been authorized pursuant to corporate policies.
In addition, sales and expenses of our non-U.S. businesses are also translated into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes and the strengthening or weakening of the U.S. dollar could result in unfavorable translation effects.
37
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Vista Outdoor Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Vista Outdoor Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated May 24, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Acquisition – Forecast of Future Cash Flows for Certain Assets Acquired – Refer to Note 7 to the financial statements
Critical Audit Matter Description
On September 28, 2021, the Company acquired Foresight Sports for $471 million. The Company allocated the fair value of the purchase consideration to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values, which resulted in the Foresight tradename being recorded in the amount of $42.5 million and customer relationships of $69.1 million. The Company estimated the fair value of the tradename and customer relationships using an income approach which required management to make significant estimates and assumptions related to the forecasts of future sales and the discount rate. Changes in these assumptions could have a significant impact on the fair value.
We identified the fair value determination of acquired intangible assets, specifically the Foresight tradename and customer relationships, as a critical audit matter due to the significant estimates and assumptions required in determining the forecasts of future sales and the discount rate. There was a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve fair value specialists, when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s estimates related to the selection of the discount rate and forecasts of future sales.
38
How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit
Our audit procedures related to forecasts of future sales and the selection of the discount rate for the Foresight acquisition included the following, among others:
•We tested the effectiveness of internal controls over management’s valuation analysis, including those over the forecasts of future sales and selection of the discount rate.
•We inquired of appropriate individuals, both within and outside of finance, regarding the sales forecasts.
•We evaluated the reasonableness of management’s forecasts of sales by comparing the forecasts to:
–Historical sales and growth rates of the acquired entity, as well as order backlog as of the date of acquisition.
–Internal communications to management and the Board of Directors.
–Forecasted information included in analyst and industry reports for the Company, applicable market data, and certain of its peer companies.
–Evidence obtained in other areas of the audit, including retrospective reviews of post-acquisition financial results.
•With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the discount rate by:
–Testing the source information underlying the determination of the discount rate and testing the mathematical accuracy of the calculations.
–Comparing the discount rate to market data.
–Developing ranges of independent estimates and comparing those to the discount rate selected by management.
–Comparing the estimated weighted average return on assets, internal rate of return, and the discount rate used in the valuation models and evaluating whether they were consistent with each other.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Salt Lake City, Utah
May 24, 2022
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.
39
VISTA OUTDOOR INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands except share data) | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 22,584 | $ | 243,265 | ||||||||||
| Net receivables | 356,773 | 301,575 | ||||||||||||
| Net inventories | 642,976 | 454,504 | ||||||||||||
| Income tax receivable | 43,560 | 37,870 | ||||||||||||
| Other current assets | 45,050 | 27,018 | ||||||||||||
| Total current assets | 1,110,943 | 1,064,232 | ||||||||||||
| Net property, plant, and equipment | 211,087 | 197,531 | ||||||||||||
| Operating lease assets | 78,252 | 72,400 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill | 481,857 | 86,082 | ||||||||||||
| Net intangible assets | 459,795 | 314,955 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred charges and other non-current assets | 54,267 | 29,739 | ||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 2,396,201 | $ | 1,764,939 | ||||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 146,697 | $ | 163,839 | ||||||||||
| Accrued compensation | 79,171 | 63,318 | ||||||||||||
| Federal excise, use, and other taxes | 40,825 | 23,092 | ||||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | 127,180 | 120,568 | ||||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 393,873 | 370,817 | ||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | 666,114 | 495,564 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred income tax liabilities | 29,304 | 8,235 | ||||||||||||
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 80,083 | 77,375 | ||||||||||||
| Accrued pension and postemployment benefits | 22,634 | 33,503 | ||||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 79,794 | 42,448 | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 1,271,802 | 1,027,942 | ||||||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Notes 13 and 16) | ||||||||||||||
Common stock—$.01 par value: | ||||||||||||||
Authorized—500,000,000 shares | ||||||||||||||
Issued and outstanding—56,093,456 shares as of March 31, 2022 and 58,561,016 shares as of March 31, 2021 | 560 | 585 | ||||||||||||
| Additional paid-in-capital | 1,730,927 | 1,731,479 | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (220,810) | (694,036) | ||||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (76,679) | (83,195) | ||||||||||||
Common stock in treasury, at cost—7,870,983 shares held as of March 31, 2022 and 5,403,423 shares held as of March 31, 2021 | (309,599) | (217,836) | ||||||||||||
| Total stockholders' equity | 1,124,399 | 736,997 | ||||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 2,396,201 | $ | 1,764,939 | ||||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
40
VISTA OUTDOOR INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands except per share data) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales, net | $ | 3,044,621 | $ | 2,225,522 | $ | 1,755,871 | ||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 1,935,389 | 1,592,562 | 1,397,105 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 1,109,232 | 632,960 | 358,766 | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 28,737 | 22,538 | 22,998 | |||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general, and administrative | 434,273 | 337,460 | 302,554 | |||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of goodwill and intangibles (Note 11) | — | — | 155,588 | |||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of held-for-sale assets (Notes 7) | — | — | 9,429 | |||||||||||||||||
Earnings (loss) before interest, income taxes, and other | 646,222 | 272,962 | (131,803) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain (loss) on divestitures (Note 7) | — | 18,467 | (433) | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on extinguishment of debt (Note 13) | — | (6,471) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Earnings (loss) before interest and income taxes | 646,222 | 284,958 | (132,236) | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | (25,264) | (25,574) | (38,791) | |||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) before income taxes | 620,958 | 259,384 | (171,027) | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (provision) benefit | (147,732) | 6,628 | 15,948 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 473,226 | $ | 266,012 | $ | (155,079) | ||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per common share: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 8.27 | $ | 4.57 | $ | (2.68) | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 8.00 | $ | 4.44 | $ | (2.68) | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 57,190 | 58,241 | 57,846 | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 59,137 | 59,905 | 57,846 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) (from above) | $ | 473,226 | $ | 266,012 | $ | (155,079) | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification of prior service credits for pension and postretirement benefit plans recorded to net income, net of tax benefit of $434, $77, and $0 | (1,336) | (236) | (313) | |||||||||||||||||
Reclassification of net actuarial loss for pension and postretirement benefit plans recorded to net income, net of tax expense of $(1,215), $(950), and $0 | 3,744 | 2,927 | 3,247 | |||||||||||||||||
Valuation adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit plans, net of tax benefit (expense) of $(1,434), $(4,055), and $0 | 4,683 | 12,496 | (21,617) | |||||||||||||||||
Change in derivative instruments, net of tax benefit (expense) of $168, $(515), and $0 | (517) | 1,587 | (2,161) | |||||||||||||||||
Reclassification of currency translation gains | — | — | 3,150 | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in cumulative translation adjustment | (58) | 1,025 | (333) | |||||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 6,516 | 17,799 | (18,027) | |||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 479,742 | $ | 283,811 | $ | (173,106) | ||||||||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
41
VISTA OUTDOOR INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating Activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 473,226 | $ | 266,012 | $ | (155,079) | ||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to net income (loss) to arrive at cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation | 46,094 | 45,264 | 47,863 | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | 26,246 | 19,846 | 19,995 | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs | 1,411 | 2,922 | 6,087 | |||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of contingent consideration | 955 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of held-for-sale assets | — | — | 9,429 | |||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of goodwill and intangibles (Note 11) | — | — | 155,588 | |||||||||||||||||
| (Gain) loss on sale of businesses (Note 7) | — | (18,467) | 433 | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | 11,857 | (10,106) | (4,521) | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant, and equipment | 796 | 4,565 | (1,117) | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | — | 6,471 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 27,407 | 13,303 | 6,810 | |||||||||||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net receivables | (50,631) | 17,495 | 44,256 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net inventories | (172,741) | (84,185) | (7,675) | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | (24,350) | 72,946 | (12,543) | |||||||||||||||||
| Accrued compensation | 14,370 | 22,617 | 1,481 | |||||||||||||||||
| Accrued income taxes | (3,968) | (37,397) | (12,053) | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal excise, use, and other taxes | 8,111 | 3,323 | (1,227) | |||||||||||||||||
| Pension and other postretirement benefits | (1,561) | (6,607) | (4,542) | |||||||||||||||||
| Other assets and liabilities | (38,911) | 27,372 | (16,440) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash provided by operating activities | 318,311 | 345,374 | 76,745 | |||||||||||||||||
| Investing Activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | (42,782) | (30,166) | (23,768) | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from the sale of businesses | — | 23,654 | 156,567 | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition of businesses, net of cash received | (545,467) | (95,605) | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from the disposition of property, plant, and equipment | 411 | 99 | 277 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash (used for) provided by investing activities | (587,838) | (102,018) | 133,076 | |||||||||||||||||
| Financing Activities | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Borrowings on lines of credit | 400,000 | 73,077 | 410,634 | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments made on lines of credit | (230,000) | (240,333) | (463,382) | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | — | 500,000 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments made on long-term debt | — | (350,000) | (144,509) | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments made for debt issue costs and prepayment premiums | (1,061) | (6,496) | (1,033) | |||||||||||||||||
| Early redemption of long-term debt | — | (5,141) | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred payments for acquisitions | — | — | (1,348) | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 533 | 1,386 | 315 | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of treasury shares | (113,195) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Payment of employee taxes related to vested stock awards | (7,310) | (4,133) | (735) | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash provided by (used for) financing activities | 48,967 | (31,640) | (200,058) | |||||||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on cash | (121) | 174 | (323) | |||||||||||||||||
| (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (220,681) | 211,890 | 9,440 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 243,265 | 31,375 | 21,935 | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 22,584 | $ | 243,265 | $ | 31,375 | ||||||||||||||
| Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncash investing activity: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities | $ | 1,656 | $ | 2,004 | $ | 2,923 | ||||||||||||||
Contingent consideration in connection with business combinations | $ | (35,964) | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
42
VISTA OUTDOOR INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common Stock $.01 Par Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands except share data) | Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit) | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Treasury Stock | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2019 | 57,710,934 | $ | 577 | $ | 1,752,419 | $ | (804,969) | $ | (82,967) | $ | (256,020) | $ | 609,040 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss | — | — | — | (155,079) | (18,027) | — | (173,106) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | 6,810 | — | — | — | 6,810 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock vested and shares withheld | 202,172 | — | (12,200) | — | — | 11,579 | (621) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee stock purchase program | 43,225 | — | (1,451) | — | — | 1,766 | 315 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 82,491 | 3 | (1,482) | — | — | 1,546 | 67 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2020 | 58,038,822 | 580 | 1,744,096 | (960,048) | (100,994) | (241,129) | 442,505 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | — | — | — | 266,012 | 17,799 | — | 283,811 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 92,604 | — | (2,370) | — | — | 3,756 | 1,386 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | 13,303 | — | — | — | 13,303 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock vested and shares withheld | 304,099 | — | (18,773) | — | — | 14,444 | (4,329) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee stock purchase program | 15,742 | — | (322) | — | — | 638 | 316 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 109,749 | 5 | (4,455) | — | — | 4,455 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2021 | 58,561,016 | 585 | 1,731,479 | (694,036) | (83,195) | (217,836) | 736,997 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | — | — | — | 473,226 | 6,516 | — | 479,742 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of stock options | 28,921 | — | (607) | — | — | 1,140 | 533 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | — | 27,407 | — | — | — | 27,407 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock vested and shares withheld | 406,691 | — | (24,823) | — | — | 17,206 | (7,617) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee stock purchase program | 12,799 | — | (2) | — | — | 504 | 502 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury shares purchased | (2,980,681) | (30) | — | — | — | (113,165) | (113,195) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 64,710 | 5 | (2,527) | — | — | 2,552 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2022 | 56,093,456 | $ | 560 | $ | 1,730,927 | $ | (220,810) | $ | (76,679) | $ | (309,599) | $ | 1,124,399 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
43
VISTA OUTDOOR INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Amounts in thousands except per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
1. Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation. Vista Outdoor Inc. (together with our subsidiaries, "Vista Outdoor", "we", "our", and "us") is a leading global designer, manufacturer and marketer of consumer products in the outdoor sports and recreation markets. We operate in two segments, Sporting Products and Outdoor Products. We are headquartered in Anoka, Minnesota and have 26 manufacturing and distribution facilities in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Puerto Rico along with international customer service, sales and sourcing operations in Asia and Europe. We were incorporated in Delaware in 2014. The consolidated financial statements reflect our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S.
Reclassifications. Changes to the mathematical sign used to denote income taxes for fiscal year 2020 were made to conform to the current period presentation in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. This reclassification had no impact to our key metrics including Earnings (loss) before income taxes or Net income (loss).
Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include our net assets and results of operations as described above. All intercompany transactions and accounts within the businesses have been eliminated.
Fiscal Year. References in this report to a particular fiscal year refer to the year ended March 31 of that calendar year. Our interim quarterly periods are based on 13-week periods and end on Sundays.
Use of Estimates. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported therein. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may differ from those estimates. We review our estimates to ensure that these estimates properly reflect changes in our business or as new information becomes available.
Revenue Recognition. For the majority of our contracts with customers, we recognize revenue for our products at a point in time upon the transfer of control of the products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment and coincides with our right to payment, the transfer of legal title, and the transfer of the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the product. For our contracts that include bundled and hardware and software sales, revenue related to delivered hardware and bundled software is recognized when control has transferred to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment. Revenue allocated to unspecified software update rights is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated period they are expected to be provided.
The total amount of revenue we recognize for the sale of our products reflects various sales adjustments for discounts, returns, refunds, allowances, rebates, and other customer incentives. These sales adjustments can vary based on market conditions, customer preferences, timing of customer payments, volume of products sold, and timing of new product launches. These adjustments require management to make reasonable estimates of the amount we expect to receive from the customer. We estimate sales adjustments by customer or by product category on the basis of our historical experience with similar contracts with customers, adjusted as necessary to reflect current facts and circumstances and our expectations for the future. Sales taxes, firearms and ammunition excise tax, and other similar taxes are excluded from revenue. Revenue recognition is discussed in further detail in Note 5, Revenue Recognition.
For the immaterial amount of our contracts that have multiple performance obligations, which represent promises within an arrangement that are distinct, we allocate revenue to all distinct performance obligations based on their relative stand-alone selling prices (“SSPs”). When available, we use observable prices to determine SSPs. When observable prices are not available, SSPs are established that reflect our best estimates of what the selling prices of the performance obligations would be if they were sold regularly on a stand-alone basis. We allocate revenue and any related discounts to these performance obligations based on their relative SSPs.
Cost of Sales. Cost of sales includes material, labor, and overhead costs associated with product manufacturing, including depreciation, amortization, purchasing and receiving, inspection, warehousing, product liability, warranty, and inbound and outbound shipping and handling costs.
Research and Development Costs. Research and development costs consist primarily of compensation and benefits and experimental work materials for our employees who are responsible for the development and enhancement of new and existing
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products. Research and development costs incurred to develop new products and to enhance existing products are charged to expense as incurred.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expense. Selling, general, and administrative expense includes, among other items, administrative salaries, benefits, commissions, advertising, insurance, and professional fees.
Advertising Costs. Advertising and promotional costs including print ads, commercials, catalogs, and brochures are expensed in the period when the first advertisement is run. Our co-op program is structured so that certain customers are eligible for reimbursement for certain types of advertisements on qualifying product purchases and are accrued as purchases are made. Advertising costs totaled $58,028, $44,600, and $37,950 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
Cash Equivalents. Cash equivalents are all highly liquid cash investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less.
Allowance for Estimated Credit Losses. We maintain an allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable for future expected credit losses resulting from the inability or unwillingness of our customers to make required payments. We estimate the allowance based upon historical bad debts, current customer receivable balances, age of customer receivable balances, and the customers' financial condition and in relation to a representative pool of assets consisting of a large number of customers with similar risk characteristics. The allowance is adjusted as appropriate to reflect differences in current conditions as well as changes in forecasted macroeconomic conditions.
Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined using the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method, or net realizable value. Inventory costs associated with work in process inventory and finished goods include material, labor, and manufacturing overhead, while costs associated with raw materials and purchased finished goods include material and inbound freight costs. We provide inventory allowances for any excess and obsolete inventories and periodically write inventory amounts down to market when costs exceed market value.
Warranty Costs. We provide consumer warranties against manufacturing defects on certain products within the Sporting Products and Outdoor Products segments with warranty periods typically ranging from one year to the expected lifetime of the product. The estimated costs of such product warranties are recorded at the time the sale is recorded. Estimated future warranty costs are accrued at the time of sale based upon actual past experience, our current production environment as well as specific and identifiable warranties as applicable. See Note 12, Other Current Liabilities, for additional detail.
Fair Value Measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or the price paid to transfer a liability (the exit price) in the principal and most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. We measure and disclose the fair value of nonfinancial and financial assets and liabilities utilizing a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to a fair value measurement are considered to be observable or unobservable in a marketplace. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. The measurement of assets and liabilities at fair value are classified using the following three-tier hierarchy:
Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
Level 3—One or more significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.
See Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for additional disclosure regarding fair value of financial instruments.
Goodwill. We test goodwill for impairment on the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter or upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the asset might be impaired. Goodwill is assigned to our reporting units, which are our operating segments, or components of an operating segment, that constitute a business for which discrete financial information is available, and for which segment management regularly reviews the operating results.
During the annual impairment review process we have the option to first perform a qualitative assessment (commonly referred to as “step zero”) over relative events and circumstances to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value or to perform a quantitative assessment (“step one”) where we estimate the fair value of each reporting unit using both an income and market approach. We completed a step zero assessment as of January 1, 2022, and concluded there were no indicators of impairment. See Note 11, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for discussion and details.
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When we perform a step one analysis to assess the recoverability of our goodwill, we determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying value of the reporting unit, including goodwill. When fair value is less than the carrying value of the net assets and related goodwill, an impairment charge is recognized for the excess. The fair value of each reporting unit is determined using both an income and market approach. The value estimated using a discounted cash flow model is weighted equally against the estimated value derived from the guideline company market approach method. This market approach method estimates the price reasonably expected to be realized from the sale of the reporting unit based on comparable companies.
In developing the discounted cash flow analysis, our assumptions about future revenues and expenses, capital expenditures, and changes in working capital are based on our plan, as reviewed by the Board of Directors, and assume a terminal growth rate thereafter. A separate discount rate is determined for each reporting unit and these cash flows are then discounted to determine the fair value of the reporting unit. The discounted cash flow analysis is derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are not observable (Level 3 fair value measures).
Indefinite Lived Intangible Assets. Indefinite lived intangibles are not amortized and are tested for impairment annually on the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter or upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the assets might be impaired. We completed a step zero assessment as of January 1, 2022, and concluded there were no indicators of impairment on our indefinite lived intangibles. See Note 11, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for discussion and details.
Our identifiable intangibles with indefinite lives consist of certain trademarks and tradenames. When we complete a step one assessment, the impairment test consists of a comparison of the estimated fair value of the specific intangible asset with its carrying value. The estimated fair value of these assets is measured using the relief-from-royalty method which assumes that the asset has value to the extent that the owner is relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from them.
This method requires that we estimate the future revenue for the related brands and technology, the appropriate royalty rate, and the weighted average cost of capital. We base our fair values and estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable, but which are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. If the carrying amount of an asset is higher than its fair value, an impairment exists and the asset would be recorded at the estimated fair value.
Our assumptions used to develop the discounted cash flow analysis require us to make significant estimates regarding future revenues and expenses, projected capital expenditures, changes in working capital, and the appropriate discount rate. The projections also take into account several factors including current and estimated economic trends and outlook, costs of raw materials and other factors that are beyond our control. If the current economic conditions were to deteriorate, or if we were to lose significant business, causing a reduction in estimated discounted cash flows, it is possible that the estimated fair value of certain reporting units or tradenames could fall below their carrying value resulting in the necessity to conduct additional impairment tests in future periods. We continually monitor the reporting units and tradenames for impairment indicators and update assumptions used in the most recent calculation of the estimated fair value of a reporting unit or tradenames as appropriate.
Amortizing Intangible Assets, Long-Lived Assets. Our primary identifiable intangible assets include trademarks and tradenames, patented technology, and customer relationships. Our long-lived assets consist primarily of property, plant, and equipment, amortizing right-of-use asset related to our operating leases and amortizing costs related to cloud computing arrangements. We periodically evaluate the recoverability of the carrying amount of our long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be fully recoverable or exceeds its fair value.
Business Combinations. We allocate the purchase price, including contingent consideration, of our acquisitions to the assets and liabilities acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, based on their fair values at the date of acquisition. The fair values are primarily based on third-party valuations using our management assumptions that require significant judgments and estimates. The purchase price allocated to intangibles is based on unobservable factors, including but not limited to, projected revenues, expenses, customer attrition rates, royalty rates, a weighted average cost of capital, among others. The weighted average cost of capital uses a market participant’s cost of equity and after-tax cost of debt and reflects the risks inherent in the cash flows. The fair value calculation of initial contingent consideration associated with the purchase price also uses unobservable factors such as projected revenues and expenses over the term of the contingent earn-out period, discounted for the period over which the contingent consideration is measured, and volatility rates. Based upon these assumptions, the initial contingent consideration is then valued using a Monte Carlo simulation analysis in a risk-neutral framework. The inputs used to calculate the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities are considered to be Level 3 inputs due to the lack of relevant market activity and significant management judgment. See Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for additional disclosure regarding fair value of financial instruments. During the measurement period of one year from the acquisition date, we continue to collect information and reevaluate our estimates and assumptions, and record any adjustments to these estimates to goodwill. See Note 7, Acquisitions and Divestitures, for additional information.
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Derivatives and Hedging. We mitigate the impact of changes in interest rates and commodity prices affecting the cost of raw materials with interest rate swaps and commodity forward contracts that are accounted for as designated hedges pursuant to ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” ("ASC Topic 815"). ASC Topic 815 requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet, measure those instruments at fair value and recognize changes in the fair value of derivatives in earnings in the period of change unless the derivative qualifies as designated cash flow hedge that offsets certain exposures. Certain criteria must be satisfied in order for derivative financial instruments to be classified and accounted for as a cash flow hedge. Derivatives that are not elected for hedge accounting treatment are recorded immediately in earnings. See Note 4, Derivative Financial Instruments, for additional information.
We would discontinue hedge accounting prospectively (i) if it is determined that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of a hedged item, (ii) when the derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, (iii) if it becomes probable that the forecasted transaction being hedged by the derivative will not occur, (iv) if a hedged firm commitment no longer meets the definition of a firm commitment, or (v) if it is determined that designation of the derivative as a hedge instrument is no longer appropriate. The fair value of our forward contracts based on pricing models using current market rates. These contracts are classified under Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy (see Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments).
Stock-Based Compensation. We account for our share-based compensation arrangements in accordance with ASC Topic 718, "Compensation—Stock Compensation" ("ASC Topic 718") which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards to employees and directors based on estimated fair values. Our stock-based compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 17, Stockholders' Equity, provide for the grant of various types of stock-based incentive awards, including performance awards, total stockholder return performance awards ("TSR awards"), performance awards with a TSR modifier, restricted stock/restricted stock units, and options to purchase common stock. The types and mix of stock-based incentive awards are evaluated on an ongoing basis and may vary based on our overall strategy regarding compensation, including consideration of the impact of expensing stock awards on our results of operations.
Income Taxes. We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with the accounting standard for income taxes. The asset and liability method requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Under this method, changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in income in the period such changes are enacted.
We record net deferred tax assets to the extent that we believe these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent results of operations. Significant estimates are required for this analysis. If we were to determine that the amount of deferred income tax assets we would be able to realize in the future had changed, we would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance which would decrease or increase the provision for income taxes.
The provision for federal, foreign, and state and local income taxes is calculated on income before income taxes based on current tax law and includes the cumulative effect of any changes in tax rates from those used previously in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities. Such provision differs from the amounts currently payable because certain items of income and expense are recognized in different reporting periods for financial reporting purposes than for income tax purposes.
We periodically assess our liabilities and contingencies for all periods that are currently open to examination or have not been effectively settled based on the most current available information. Where it is not more likely than not that our tax position will be sustained, we record the entire resulting tax liability and when it is more likely than not of being sustained, we record our best estimate of the resulting tax liability. To the extent our assessment of the tax outcome of these matters changes, such change in estimate will impact the income tax provision in the period of change. It is our policy to record interest and penalties related to income taxes as part of the income tax expense for financial reporting purposes.
Worker's Compensation. The liability for losses under our worker's compensation program has been actuarially determined. The balance for worker's compensation liability was $7,354 and $6,214 as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Translation of Foreign Currencies. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated at current exchange rates and the effects of these translation adjustments are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") in stockholders' equity. Income and expenses in foreign currencies are translated at the average exchange rate during the period.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. The components of AOCL, net of income taxes, are as follows:
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Derivatives | $ | (356) | $ | 161 | ||||||||||
| Pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities | (71,075) | (78,166) | ||||||||||||
| Cumulative translation adjustment | (5,248) | (5,190) | ||||||||||||
| Total accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ | (76,679) | $ | (83,195) | ||||||||||
The following table details the amounts reclassified from AOCL to earnings as well as the changes in derivatives, pension and other postretirement benefits and foreign currency translation, net of income tax:
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | Pension and other Postretire-ment Benefits | Cumulative translation adjustment | Total | Derivatives | Pension and other Postretire-ment Benefits | Cumulative translation adjustment | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning of year AOCL | $ | 161 | $ | (78,166) | $ | (5,190) | $ | (83,195) | $ | (1,426) | $ | (93,353) | $ | (6,215) | $ | (100,994) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of derivatives | 1,224 | — | — | 1,224 | 1,309 | — | — | 1,309 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss (gain) reclassified from AOCL | (1,741) | — | — | (1,741) | 278 | — | — | 278 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net actuarial losses reclassified from AOCL (1) | — | 3,744 | — | 3,744 | — | 2,927 | — | 2,927 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prior service costs reclassified from AOCL (1) | — | (1,336) | — | (1,336) | — | (236) | — | (236) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Valuation adjustment for pension and postretirement benefit plans (1) | — | 4,683 | — | 4,683 | — | 12,496 | — | 12,496 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in cumulative translation adjustment | — | — | (58) | (58) | — | — | 1,025 | 1,025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| End of year AOCL | $ | (356) | $ | (71,075) | $ | (5,248) | $ | (76,679) | $ | 161 | $ | (78,166) | $ | (5,190) | $ | (83,195) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Amounts related to our pension and other postretirement benefits that were reclassified from AOCL were recorded as a component of net periodic benefit cost for each period presented. See Note 14, Employee Benefit Plans.
Accounting Standards Adopted by us in Fiscal Year 2022
In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2020-06, "Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity." This ASU simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by removing the separation models for (1) convertible debt with a cash conversion feature and (2) convertible instruments with a beneficial conversion feature. Also, this ASU requires the application of the if-converted method for calculating diluted earnings per share and provided that the treasury stock method will be no longer available. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Entities may adopt the guidance through either a modified retrospective method of transition or a fully retrospective method of transition. We early adopted ASU 2020-06 on April 1, 2021 with no impact on our financial statements.
On April 1, 2021, we adopted ASU No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” This ASU removes specific exceptions to the general principles of ASC Topic 740, "Accounting for Income Taxes" and simplifies certain U.S. GAAP requirements. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of this standard does not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers.” This ASU requires that an entity (acquirer) recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. At the acquisition date, the company acquiring the business should record related revenue, as if it had originated the contract. Before the update such amounts were recognized by the acquiring company at fair value. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We early adopted ASU 2021-08 during the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, and retroactively applied it to periods beginning on April 1, 2021. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact to our purchase accounting and our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
There are no other new accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.
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2. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
We measure and disclose our financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or the price paid to transfer a liability (the exit price) in the principal and most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. Assets and liabilities carried at fair value are classified using the three-tier hierarchy. See Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies, for additional information.
The following section describes the valuation methodologies we use to measure our financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis:
Commodity Price Hedging Instruments
We periodically enter into commodity forward contracts to hedge our exposure to price fluctuations on certain commodities we use for raw material components in our manufacturing process. When actual commodity prices exceed the fixed price provided by these contracts, we receive this difference from the counterparty, and when actual commodity prices are below the contractually provided fixed price, we pay this difference to the counterparty. We consider these to be Level 2 instruments. See Note 4, Derivative Financial Instruments, for additional information.
Note Receivable
In connection with the sale of our Firearms business in, fiscal year 2020, we received a $12,000 interest-free, five-year pre-payable promissory note due June 2024. Based on the general market conditions and the credit quality of the buyer at the time of the sale, we discounted the Note Receivable at an effective interest rate of 10% and estimated fair value using a discounted cash flow approach. We consider this to be a Level 3 instrument. See Note 8, Receivables, for additional information and below for fair value amounts related to the Note Receivable.
Contingent Consideration
In connection with some of our acquisitions, we recorded contingent consideration liabilities that can be earned by the sellers upon achievement of certain milestones. The liabilities are measured on a recurring basis and recorded at fair value, using a discounted cash flow analysis or a Monte Carlo simulation analysis in a risk-neutral framework with assumptions for volatility, market price of risk adjustment, risk-free rate, and cost of debt, utilizing revenue projections for the respective earn-out period, corresponding targets and approximate timing of payments as outlined in the purchase agreements. The inputs used to calculate the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities are considered to be Level 3 inputs due to the lack of relevant market activity and significant management judgment. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration obligation results from changes in discount periods and rates, and changes in probability assumptions with respect to the likelihood of achieving the performance targets. The fair value adjustments are recorded in Selling, general, and administrative in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). As of March 31, 2022, the estimated fair values of earn-outs payable related to our acquisitions of QuietKat, Fiber, Stone Glacier, and HEVI-Shot are $23,134, $3,625, $9,939, and $392, respectively. See Note 7, Acquisitions and Divestitures, for additional information.
Following is a summary of our long-term contingent consideration liability Level 3 activity during fiscal year 2022:
| Balance, March 31, 2021 | $ | 153 | ||||||
| Additions | 35,964 | |||||||
| Reclassification to current liabilities | (78) | |||||||
| Increase in fair value | 955 | |||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2022 | $ | 36,994 | ||||||
Contingent consideration liabilities are reported under the following captions in the consolidated balance sheets:
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | $ | 96 | $ | 18 | ||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 36,994 | 153 | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 37,090 | $ | 171 | ||||||||||
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Disclosures about the Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amount of our receivables, inventory, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities as of March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 approximates fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021 are categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
The table below discloses information about carrying values and estimated fair value relating to our financial assets and liabilities:
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Amount | Fair Value | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate debt (1) | $ | 500,000 | $ | 460,000 | $ | 500,000 | $ | 493,750 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Variable rate debt (2) | 170,000 | 170,000 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Fixed rate debt—In fiscal year 2021, we issued $500,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.5% Senior Notes which will mature on March 15, 2029. These notes are unsecured and senior obligations. The fair value of the fixed-rate debt is based on market quotes for each issuance. We consider these to be Level 2 instruments. See Note 13, Long-term Debt, for information on our credit facilities, including certain risks and uncertainties.
(2) Variable rate debt— The carrying value of the amounts outstanding under our ABL Revolving Credit Facility approximates the fair value because the interest rates are variable and reflective of market rates as of March 31, 2022. The fair value of this debt is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy based on the observable market borrowing rates. See Note 13, Long-term Debt, for additional information on our credit facilities, including related certain risks and uncertainties.
We measure certain nonfinancial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis if certain indicators are present. These assets include long-lived assets that are written down to fair value when they are held for sale or determined to be impaired. See Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies, for further information on our accounting policies regarding long-lived assets.
3. Leases
We lease certain warehouse and distribution space, manufacturing space, office space, retail locations, equipment and vehicles. All of these leases are classified as operating leases. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. We use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. These rates are assessed on a quarterly basis. The operating lease assets also include any lease payments made less lease incentives. Leases with an initial term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. For operating leases, expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease payments associated with our leases are recognized upon occurrence of the event, activity, or circumstance in the lease agreement on which those payments are assessed. Tenant improvement allowances are recorded as leasehold improvements with an offsetting adjustment included in our calculation of its right-of-use asset.
Many leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term up to five years. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term.
The amounts of assets and liabilities related to our operating leases were as follows.
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet Caption | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease assets | Operating lease assets | $ | 78,252 | $ | 72,400 | |||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Current: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | $ | 11,804 | $ | 10,044 | ||||||||||||||||
| Long-term: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | Long-term operating lease liabilities | 80,083 | 77,375 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | 91,887 | $ | 87,419 | ||||||||||||||||
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The components of lease expense are recorded to cost of sales and selling, general, and administration expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). The components of lease expense were as follows:
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Fixed operating lease costs (1) | $ | 22,917 | $ | 20,759 | ||||||||||
| Variable operating lease costs | 3,322 | 2,756 | ||||||||||||
| Operating and Sublease income | (483) | (802) | ||||||||||||
| Net lease costs | $ | 25,756 | $ | 22,713 | ||||||||||
(1) Includes short-term leases, which are immaterial.
The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate is as follows:
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (Years): | ||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | 8.65 | 9.32 | ||||||||||||
| Weighted Average Discount Rate: | ||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | 7.99 | % | 8.64 | % | ||||||||||
The approximate future minimum lease payments under operating leases were as follows:
| Fiscal year 2023 | $ | 18,484 | ||||||
| Fiscal year 2024 | 16,353 | |||||||
| Fiscal year 2025 | 14,698 | |||||||
| Fiscal year 2026 | 13,200 | |||||||
| Fiscal year 2027 | 12,319 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 55,576 | |||||||
| Total lease payments | 130,630 | |||||||
| Less imputed interest | (38,743) | |||||||
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 91,887 | ||||||
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Operating cash flows - operating leases | $ | 19,268 | $ | 17,524 | ||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | $ | 15,537 | $ | 13,167 | ||||||||||
4. Derivative Financial Instruments
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risks arising from adverse changes in:
•commodity prices affecting the cost of raw materials, and
•interest rates
We use designated cash flow hedges to manage our level of exposure.
We entered into various commodity forward contracts during fiscal year 2022 in accordance with our accounting policies in Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies. These contracts are used to hedge our exposure to price fluctuations on lead we
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purchase for raw material components in our ammunition manufacturing process and are designated and qualify as effective cash flow hedges. The effectiveness of cash flow hedge contracts is assessed quantitatively at inception and qualitatively thereafter considering transactions critical terms and counterparty credit quality.
The gains and losses on these hedges are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are reclassified into earnings at the time the forecasted revenue or expense is recognized. The gains or losses on the lead forward contracts are recorded in inventory as the commodities are purchased and in cost of sales when the related inventory is sold. As of March 31, 2022, we had outstanding lead forward contracts on 1.8 million pounds of lead. In the event the underlying forecasted transaction does not occur, or it becomes probable that it will not occur, the related change in fair value of the derivative instrument would be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and recognized in earnings. The asset related to the lead forward contracts is immaterial and is recorded as part of other current assets.
5. Revenue Recognition
Consistent with our changes in reportable segments during the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, see Note 17, Operating Segment Information, for additional information, we changed our presentation of disaggregated revenue to align with the new segment structure and names. Prior comparative periods have been restated to conform to the change in our reportable segments. The following tables disaggregate our net sales by major product category:
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sporting Products | Outdoor Products | Total | Sporting Products | Outdoor Products | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sporting Products (1) | $ | 1,737,891 | $ | — | $ | 1,737,891 | $ | 1,119,754 | $ | — | $ | 1,119,754 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outdoor Accessories (2) | — | 442,348 | 442,348 | — | 398,938 | 398,938 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Action Sports (3) | — | 401,984 | 401,984 | — | 364,454 | 364,454 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outdoor Recreation (4) | — | 462,398 | 462,398 | — | 342,376 | 342,376 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,737,891 | $ | 1,306,730 | $ | 3,044,621 | $ | 1,119,754 | $ | 1,105,768 | $ | 2,225,522 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geographic Region | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | 1,632,507 | $ | 976,939 | $ | 2,609,446 | $ | 1,038,403 | $ | 867,551 | $ | 1,905,954 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rest of the World | 105,384 | 329,791 | 435,175 | 81,351 | 238,217 | 319,568 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,737,891 | $ | 1,306,730 | $ | 3,044,621 | $ | 1,119,754 | $ | 1,105,768 | $ | 2,225,522 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Sporting Products includes the Ammunition operating segment.
(2) Outdoor Accessories includes the Outdoor Accessories (formerly named Hunting and Shooting) operating segment and our Stone Glacier business.
(3) Action Sports includes the operating segments: Sports Protection and Cycling.
(4) Outdoor Recreation includes the operating segments: Hydration, Outdoor Cooking, and Golf.
We sell our products in the U.S. and internationally. A majority of our sales are concentrated in the U.S. See Note 18, Operating Segment Information for information on international revenues.
Product Sales
For the majority of our contracts with customers, we recognize revenue for our products at a point in time upon the transfer of control of the products to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment and coincides with our right to payment, the transfer of legal title, and the transfer of the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the product. For our contracts that include bundled and hardware and software sales, revenue related to delivered hardware and bundled software is recognized when control has transferred to the customer, which typically occurs upon shipment. Revenue allocated to unspecified software update rights is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated period they are expected to be provided.
Typically, our contracts require customers to pay within 30-60 days of product delivery with a discount available to some customers for early payment. In some cases, we offer extended payment terms to customers. However, we do not consider these extended payment terms to be a significant financing component of the contract because the payment terms are less than a year.
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In limited circumstances, our contract with a customer may have shipping terms that indicate a transfer of control of the products upon their arrival at the destination rather than upon shipment. In those cases, we recognize revenue only when the product reaches the customer destination, which may require us to estimate the timing of transfer of control based on the expected delivery date. In all cases, however, we consider our costs related to shipping and handling to be a cost of fulfilling the contract with the customer.
The total amount of revenue we recognize for the sale of our products reflects various sales adjustments for discounts, returns, refunds, allowances, rebates, and other customer incentives. These sales adjustments can vary based on market conditions, customer preferences, timing of customer payments, volume of products sold, and timing of new product launches. These adjustments require management to make reasonable estimates of the amount we expect to receive from the customer. We estimate sales adjustments by customer or by product category on the basis of our historical experience with similar contracts with customers, adjusted as necessary to reflect current facts and circumstances and our expectations for the future. Sales taxes, federal excise taxes, and other similar taxes are excluded from revenue.
For the immaterial amount of our contracts that have multiple performance obligations, which represent promises within an arrangement that are distinct, we allocate revenue to all distinct performance obligations based on their relative stand-alone selling prices (“SSPs”). When available, we use observable prices to determine SSPs. When observable prices are not available, SSPs are established that reflect our best estimates of what the selling prices of the performance obligations would be if they were sold regularly on a stand-alone basis. We allocate revenue and any related discounts to these performance obligations based on their relative SSPs.
Incentives in the form of cash paid to the customer (or a reduction of a customer cash payment to us) typically are recognized as a reduction of sales unless the incentive is for a distinct benefit that we receive from the customer, e.g., advertising or marketing.
We pay commissions to some of our employees based on agreed-upon sales targets. We recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred because our sales contracts with commissions are a year or less.
6. Earnings Per Share
The computation of basic earnings per share ("EPS") is based on the weighted average number of shares that were outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted EPS is based on the number of basic weighted average shares outstanding plus the number of common shares that would be issued assuming the exercise of all potentially dilutive common shares, such as common stock to be issued upon exercise of options, contingently issuable shares and restricted stock units, using the treasury stock method.
In computing EPS for the fiscal years presented, earnings, as reported for each respective period, is divided by the number of shares below:
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 473,226 | $ | 266,012 | $ | (155,079) | ||||||||||||||
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic | 57,190 | 58,241 | 57,846 | |||||||||||||||||
| Dilutive effect of stock-based awards (1) | 1,947 | 1,664 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted shares | 59,137 | 59,905 | 57,846 | |||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per common share: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 8.27 | $ | 4.57 | $ | (2.68) | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 8.00 | $ | 4.44 | $ | (2.68) | ||||||||||||||
(1) Potentially dilutive securities, which were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share, because either the effect would have been anti-dilutive, or the options’ exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the common stock, were 0 and 543 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Due to the loss from continuing operations for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, there are no common shares added to calculate dilutive EPS because the effect would be anti-dilutive.
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7. Acquisitions and Divestitures
During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022, we acquired Stone Glacier, a premium brand focused on ultralightweight, performance hunting gear designed for backcountry use. The addition of Stone Glacier allows us to enter the packs, camping equipment, and technical apparel categories with a fast-growing brand and provide a foundation for us to leverage camping category synergies. The results of this business are reported within the Outdoor Products segment. Contingent consideration with an initial fair value of $9,939 was included in the purchase price. See Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for information related to the fair value calculation. We accounted for the acquisition as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, and performed a preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The preliminary fair values of acquired assets and liabilities assumed represent management’s estimate of fair value and are subject to change if additional information, such as post-close working capital adjustments becomes available. We expect to finalize the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable within the measurement period, but not later than one year following the acquisition date. The acquisition is not significant to our consolidated financial statements and as such we have not included disclosures of the allocation of the purchase price or any pro forma information.
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, we acquired Fiber Energy Products, a leader in all-natural wood grilling pellets. This strategic transaction secures a continuous supply of pellets for our Camp Chef business and expands our revenue in a consumable category. The results of this business are reported within the Outdoor Products segment. Contingent consideration with an initial fair value of $3,625 was included in the purchase price. See Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for more information related to the fair value calculation. We accounted for the acquisition as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, and performed an allocation of the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The fair values of acquired assets and liabilities assumed represent management’s estimate of fair value. We finalized the purchase price allocation during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2022, and no significant changes were recorded. The acquisition is not significant to our consolidated financial statements and as such we have not included disclosures of the allocation of the purchase price or any pro forma information.
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, we acquired Foresight, a leading designer and manufacturer of golf performance analysis, entertainment, and game enhancement technologies for approximately $470,772. The purchase agreement includes $5,599 related to employee retention payments, which will be accounted for separately from the business combination as post combination compensation expense. Contingent payments of up to $25,000 if certain net sales targets are met will also be accounted for separately from the business combination as post combination compensation expense. We used cash on hand and available liquidity under our 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility to complete the transaction. The results of this business are reported within the Outdoor Products segment.
Foresight's net sales of $61,173 and net income of $18,423 since the acquisition date, September 28, 2021, are included in our consolidated results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, and are reflected in the Outdoor Products segment.
We accounted for the acquisition as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. The purchase price allocation below was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The preliminary fair values of acquired assets and liabilities assumed represent management’s estimate of fair value and are subject to change if additional information becomes available. We expect to finalize the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable within the measurement period, but not later than one year following the acquisition date. The excess of the consideration transferred over the estimated fair value of the net assets received has been recorded as goodwill. The factors that contributed to the recognition of goodwill primarily relate to acquisition-driven anticipated cost savings and synergies. Assembled workforce is not recognized separate and apart from goodwill as it is neither separable nor contractual in nature. The goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.
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Foresight preliminary purchase price allocation:
| September 28, 2021 | ||||||||||||||
| Total consideration transferred | $ | 470,772 | ||||||||||||
| Fair value of assets acquired: | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | $ | 2,806 | ||||||||||||
| Inventories | 10,780 | |||||||||||||
| Intangible assets | 131,500 | |||||||||||||
| Property, plant, and equipment | 1,870 | |||||||||||||
| Operating lease assets | 6,506 | |||||||||||||
| Other assets | 2,006 | |||||||||||||
| Total assets | 155,468 | |||||||||||||
| Fair value of liabilities assumed: | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | 6,177 | |||||||||||||
| Customer deposits | 2,084 | |||||||||||||
| Long-term operating lease liabilities | 5,961 | |||||||||||||
| Contract liabilities | 2,992 | |||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 1,729 | |||||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 9,182 | |||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 28,125 | |||||||||||||
| Net assets acquired | 127,343 | |||||||||||||
| Goodwill | $ | 343,429 | ||||||||||||
Foresight intangible assets above include:
| Value | Useful life (years) | |||||||||||||
| Tradenames | $ | 42,500 | 20 | |||||||||||
| Patented technology | 19,900 | 5 to 10 | ||||||||||||
| Customer Relationships | 69,100 | 5 to 15 | ||||||||||||
Foresight supplemental pro forma data:
The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents our results as if the Foresight acquisition had been completed on April 1, 2020:
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Sales, net | $ | 3,088,220 | $ | 2,296,413 | ||||||||||
| Net income | 515,345 | 268,547 | ||||||||||||
The unaudited supplemental pro forma data above includes the following significant non-recurring adjustments to net income:
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| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Fees for advisory, legal, and accounting services (1) | $ | (3,080) | $ | 3,080 | ||||||||||
| Inventory step-up, net (2) | (1,247) | $1,247 | ||||||||||||
| Interest (3) | 2,203 | 6,565 | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation & amortization (4) (5) | 4,961 | 8,122 | ||||||||||||
| Income tax provision (6) | 3,520 | 5,520 | ||||||||||||
(1) During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, we incurred a total of $3,080 in acquisition related costs, including legal and other professional fees, related to the acquisition, all of which were reported in selling, general, and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. This adjustment is to show the results as if those fees were incurred during the first quarter of fiscal 2021.
(2) Adjustment reflects the increased cost of goods sold expense resulting from the fair value step-up in inventory which was expensed in full during the third quarter of fiscal year 2022. This adjustment is to show the results as if that expense was incurred during the first quarter of fiscal 2021.
(3) Adjustment to reflect an increase in interest expense resulting from assumed advances to complete the transaction on our 2018 New Credit Facilities prior to March 31, 2021 and our 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility after March 31, 2021.
(4) Adjustment for depreciation related to the revised fair-value basis of the acquired property, plant and equipment and change in estimated useful lives.
(5) Adjustment for amortization of acquired intangible assets.
(6) Income tax effect of the adjustments made at a blended federal and state statutory rate including the impact of the valuation allowance.
The unaudited pro forma financial information has been presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisition taken place on the date indicated, or of our future consolidated results of operations. The pro forma financial information presented above has been derived from our historical consolidated financial statements and from the historical accounting records of Foresight.
During the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, we acquired QuietKat, an electric bicycle company that specializes in designing, manufacturing, and marketing rugged, all-terrain eBikes. The results of this business are reported within the Outdoor Products segment. We accounted for the acquisition as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, and performed a preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The preliminary fair values of acquired assets and liabilities assumed represent management’s estimate of fair value and are subject to change if additional information, such as post-close working capital adjustments becomes available. We expect to finalize the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable within the measurement period, but not later than one year following the acquisition date. Contingent consideration with an initial fair value of $22,400 was included in the purchase price. See Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for information related to the fair value calculation. In addition to the consideration we paid at closing, $13,000 was paid to key members of QuietKat management and is considered compensation that will be expensed over approximately three years, provided the key members continue their employment with us through the respective milestone dates. The acquisition is not significant to our consolidated financial statements and as such we have not included disclosures of the allocation of the purchase price or any pro forma information.
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During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2021, we acquired HEVI-Shot Ammunition, which added specialized lead-free ammunition capabilities and another iconic brand to our ammunition portfolio. Contingent consideration with an initial fair value of $176 was included in the purchase price. See Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for information related to the fair value calculation. We accounted for the acquisition as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting, and performed an allocation of the purchase price to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The fair values of acquired assets and liabilities assumed represent management’s estimate of fair value. We finalized the purchase price allocation during the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, and no significant changes were recorded.
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, we acquired certain assets related to Remington Outdoor Company, Inc.’s ("Remington") ammunition and accessories businesses, including Remington's ammunition manufacturing facility in Lonoke, Arkansas and related intellectual property. The aggregate consideration of the transaction including working capital adjustments was $81,691 for the net assets acquired, subject to certain customary closing adjustments. We funded the acquisition using a combination of approximately $51,691 of cash on hand and approximately $30,000 drawn from our existing asset-based revolving credit facility. The acquisition will allow us to leverage our current manufacturing infrastructure, distribution channels and scale to restore efficiency, profitability and sustainability to the Remington ammunition and accessories business.
We accounted for the acquisition of Remington as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting. The purchase price allocation below was allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date. The fair values of acquired assets and liabilities assumed represent management’s estimate of fair value. We finalized the purchase price allocation during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2021, and no significant changes were recorded. The excess of the consideration transferred over the estimated fair value of the net assets received has been recorded as goodwill. The factors that contributed to the recognition of goodwill primarily relate to acquisition-driven anticipated cost savings and synergies along with the assembled workforce acquired. Assembled workforce is not recognized separate and apart from goodwill as it is neither separable nor contractual in nature. The goodwill is deductible for tax purposes. The results of this business are reported in our Sporting Products segment.
Remington Purchase Price Allocation:
| October 12, 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| Total purchase price: | ||||||||||||||
| Cash paid | $ | 81,400 | ||||||||||||
| Cash paid for working capital | 291 | |||||||||||||
| Total purchase price | 81,691 | |||||||||||||
| Fair value of assets acquired: | ||||||||||||||
| Inventories | $ | 20,021 | ||||||||||||
| Intangible assets | 26,200 | |||||||||||||
| Property, plant, and equipment | 31,200 | |||||||||||||
| Other assets | 3,363 | |||||||||||||
| Total assets | 80,784 | |||||||||||||
| Fair value of liabilities assumed: | ||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | 311 | |||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 2,969 | |||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 3,280 | |||||||||||||
| Net assets acquired | 77,504 | |||||||||||||
| Goodwill | $ | 4,187 | ||||||||||||
Intangible assets above include:
Intangible assets above include: | Value | Useful life (years) | ||||||||||||
| Indefinite lived tradenames | $ | 24,500 | Indefinite | |||||||||||
| Customer relationships | 1,700 | 20 | ||||||||||||
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Supplemental Pro Forma Data:
The following pro forma financial information presents our results as if the Remington acquisition had been completed on April 1, 2019:
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Sales, net | $ | 2,298,396 | $ | 1,933,699 | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 255,022 | (205,399) | ||||||||||||
The unaudited supplemental pro forma data above include the following significant non-recurring adjustments to net income:
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Fees for advisory, legal, and accounting services (1) | $ | (3,429) | $ | 3,429 | ||||||||||
| Inventory step-up, net (2) | (400) | 400 | ||||||||||||
| Interest (3) | 835 | 3,538 | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation (4) | 1,902 | 3,804 | ||||||||||||
| Amortization (5) | 42 | 84 | ||||||||||||
| Income taxes (6) | 2,324 | — | ||||||||||||
(1) Adjustment for fees that were incurred in connection with the acquisition of Remington during fiscal year 2021 as if those fees were incurred during the first quarter of fiscal year 2020. Costs were recorded in selling, general, and administrative expense. We paid a total of $3,429 in transaction costs.
(2) Adjustment reflects the increased cost of goods sold expense resulting from the fair value step-up in inventory which was expensed over the first inventory cycle.
(3) Adjustment to reflect an increase in interest expense resulting from interest on the 2018 ABL Revolving Credit Facility.
(4) Adjustment for depreciation related to the revised basis of the acquired property, plant, and equipment and change in estimated useful lives.
(5) Adjustment for amortization of acquired intangible assets.
(6) Income tax effect of the adjustments made at a blended federal and state statutory rate including the impact of the valuation allowance.
The unaudited pro forma financial information has been presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisition taken place on the date indicated, or of our future consolidated results of operations. The pro forma financial information presented above has been derived from our historical consolidated financial statements and from the historical accounting records of Remington.
Divestiture of Businesses
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2021, we sold a non-strategic business in our Sporting Products segment. As part of the agreement, we provided limited transition services during fiscal 2021. During the three months ended December 27, 2020, we recognized a pretax gain on this divestiture of approximately $18,467, which was included in other income/(expense) on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). This transaction did not meet the criteria for discontinued operations as it did not represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our ongoing operations. The assets of this business represented a portion of our Ammunition reporting unit.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, Vista Outdoor Inc. and one of its subsidiaries, Vista Outdoor Operations LLC, sold our Firearms business, which was part of our Sporting Products segment and comprised our Firearms reporting unit, for a total purchase price of $170,000. We received cash proceeds net of transactions costs of $154,123 and $12,000 in the form of a sellers note due on July 5, 2024. See Notes 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, and 8, Receivables, for additional information. During fiscal year 2020, we recognized a pretax loss on this divestiture of $433, which is included in other income/(expense) on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss).
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8. Receivables
Our trade accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value, which includes an appropriate allowance for estimated credit losses as described in Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies. We maintain an allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable for future expected credit losses resulting from the inability or unwillingness of our customers to make required payments. We estimate the allowance based upon historical bad debts, current customer receivable balances, age of customer receivable balances and the customers' financial condition, and in relation to a representative pool of assets consisting of a large number of customers with similar risk characteristics. The allowance is adjusted as appropriate to reflect differences in current conditions as well as changes in forecasted macroeconomic conditions. Receivables that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis, including those associated with customers that have a higher probability of default.
Net receivables are summarized as follows:
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Trade receivables | $ | 357,584 | $ | 307,098 | ||||||||||
| Other receivables | 13,699 | 7,899 | ||||||||||||
| Less: allowance for estimated credit losses and discounts | (14,510) | (13,422) | ||||||||||||
| Net receivables | $ | 356,773 | $ | 301,575 | ||||||||||
Walmart accounted for 14% and 18% of the total trade receivables balance as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. No other customer represented more than 10% of total trade receivables balance as of March 31, 2022 and 2021.
The following provides a reconciliation of the activity related to the allowance for estimated credit losses and discounts for the periods presented:
| Balance, March 31, 2020 | $ | 14,760 | ||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 1,817 | |||||||
| Write-off of uncollectible amounts, net of recoveries | (1,875) | |||||||
| Other adjustments | (1,280) | |||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2021 | 13,422 | |||||||
| Provision for credit losses | 2,350 | |||||||
| Write-off of uncollectible amounts, net of recoveries | (1,188) | |||||||
| Other adjustments | (74) | |||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2022 | $ | 14,510 | ||||||
Note Receivable, see Note 2, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, is summarized as follows:
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Principal | $ | 12,000 | $ | 12,000 | ||||||||||
| Less: unamortized discount | (2,308) | (3,189) | ||||||||||||
| Note receivable, net, included within deferred charges and other non-current assets | $ | 9,692 | $ | 8,811 | ||||||||||
9. Inventories
Net inventories consist of the following:
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Raw materials | $ | 220,425 | $ | 133,970 | ||||||||||
| Work in process | 60,390 | 47,829 | ||||||||||||
| Finished goods | 362,161 | 272,705 | ||||||||||||
| Net inventories | $ | 642,976 | $ | 454,504 | ||||||||||
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We consider inventories to be long-term if they are not expected to be sold within one year. Long-term inventories are presented on the balance sheet net of reserves within deferred charges and other non-current assets and totaled $14,662 and $12,226 as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
10. Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment is stated at cost and depreciated over estimated useful lives using a straight-line method. Machinery and equipment are depreciated over 1 to 20 years and buildings and improvements are depreciated over 1 to 30 years. Depreciation expense was $46,094, $45,264, and $47,863 in fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
We review property, plant, and equipment for impairment when indicators of potential impairment are present. When such impairment is identified, it is recorded as a loss in that period. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Major improvements that extend useful lives are capitalized and depreciated. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property, plant, and equipment retired or otherwise disposed of are removed from the related accounts, and any residual values are charged or credited to income.
Property, plant, and equipment consists of the following:
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Land | $ | 12,575 | $ | 10,844 | ||||||||||
| Buildings and improvements | 84,916 | 78,185 | ||||||||||||
| Machinery and equipment | 461,635 | 456,001 | ||||||||||||
| Property not yet in service | 19,672 | 17,952 | ||||||||||||
| Gross property, plant, and equipment | 578,798 | 562,982 | ||||||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (367,711) | (365,451) | ||||||||||||
| Net property, plant, and equipment | $ | 211,087 | $ | 197,531 | ||||||||||
11. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The change in the carrying value of goodwill was as follows:
| Sporting Products | Outdoor Products | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2020 | $ | 83,167 | $ | — | $ | 83,167 | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions | 5,680 | — | 5,680 | |||||||||||||||||
| Divestitures | (2,765) | — | (2,765) | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2021 | 86,082 | — | 86,082 | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisitions | 23 | 395,752 | 395,775 | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2022 | $ | 86,105 | $ | 395,752 | $ | 481,857 | ||||||||||||||
See Note 7, Acquisitions and Divestitures, for details of our acquisitions and divestitures during fiscal years 2022 and 2021. As of March 31, 2022, there are $994,207 of accumulated impairment losses recorded within the Outdoor Products segment, all of which were recorded prior to March 31, 2021. The goodwill recorded within the Sporting Products segment has no accumulated impairment losses.
Fiscal year 2022 annual assessment
We performed our annual testing of goodwill in accordance with our accounting policies described in Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies. We completed a step zero assessment as of January 1, 2022 and concluded there were no indicators of impairment.
Our indefinite lived intangibles are not amortized and are tested for impairment annually or upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the assets might be impaired. We completed a step zero assessment as of January 1, 2022, in accordance with our accounting policies described in Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies, and concluded there were no indicators of impairment.
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Fiscal year 2021 annual assessment
We performed our annual testing of goodwill in accordance with our accounting policies described in Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies. We completed a step zero assessment as of January 1, 2021 and concluded there were no indicators of impairment.
Our indefinite lived intangibles are not amortized and are tested for impairment annually on the first day of the fourth fiscal quarter or upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the assets might be impaired. We completed a step zero assessment as of January 1, 2021, in accordance with our accounting policies described in Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies, and concluded there were no indicators of impairment for the majority of our indefinite lived intangibles. We completed a step one assessment as of January 1, 2021, related to our CamelBak indefinite-lived tradename and concluded there was no impairment. We determined the fair value of the CamelBak indefinite-lived tradename using a royalty rate of 2.5%.
Fiscal year 2020 assessment
At the beginning of the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, we determined there was a change to our reporting units. Hydration and Outdoor Cooking, which were historically components of the Outdoor Recreation reporting unit, were identified as two separate reporting units. Accordingly, we were required to evaluate whether there was impairment at the historical Outdoor Recreation reporting unit and allocate to Hydration and Outdoor Cooking a portion of the respective historical reporting unit goodwill. Concurrent with our annual goodwill impairment testing, we performed a quantitative impairment analysis on the historical Outdoor Recreation reporting unit and concluded there was excess carrying value over fair value. As a result, we recorded goodwill impairment of $121,329, which left no remaining goodwill in the historical Outdoor Recreation reporting unit, or the newly identified reporting units of Hydration and Outdoor Cooking. We also performed a quantitative impairment analysis on the Ammunition reporting unit and concluded there was excess fair value over carrying value, therefore no impairment was recorded on this reporting unit. To determine the fair value under the income approach, we used, based on our judgment, a discount rate of 12.5% and a terminal growth rate of 3.0%.
In our fiscal year 2020 annual testing, management calculated the fair value of our reporting units based on the accounting policy discussed in Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies. The trading price of our common stock on the annual testing date resulted in a large difference between the market value of Vista Outdoor equity and the book value of the assets recorded on our balance sheet, implying that investors may believe that the fair value of our reporting units is lower than their book value. Our estimates of the fair values of the reporting units was significantly influenced by higher discount rates in the income-based valuation approach as a result of increasing market to equity risk premiums and company specific risk premiums. Our fair value estimates were also negatively impacted by the performance of our reporting units compared to comparable companies, which required that we apply lower valuation multiples in estimating the fair value of these reporting units using the market-based approach. In addition, as a result of tariffs and other factors affecting the market for our products, we reduced our sales projections for fiscal year 2021 and beyond for a number of our reporting units for purposes of our long-range financial plan, which is updated annually beginning in our third quarter.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, we recorded $34,259 of impairment in our historical Outdoor Products segment. Impairment charges of $13,100 were recorded against our CamelBak indefinite-lived tradename. We determined the fair value of this indefinite-lived tradename using a royalty rate of 2.0%. We also recorded impairment charges related to our Bushnell and Weaver's indefinite-lived tradenames of $7,459. We determined the fair values of these indefinite-lived tradenames using royalty rates of 1.0%. In addition, impairment expense of $13,700 was recorded related to our Giro, Bell Cycling, and Bell Power Sports indefinite-lived tradenames. We determined the fair value of these indefinite-lived tradenames using royalty rates ranging from 1.0% to 1.5%.
Net intangibles consisted of the following:
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross carrying amount | Accumulated amortization | Total | Gross carrying amount | Accumulated amortization | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade names | $ | 113,915 | $ | (23,756) | $ | 90,159 | $ | 49,560 | $ | (18,174) | $ | 31,386 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Patented technology | 36,854 | (13,324) | 23,530 | 16,954 | (11,354) | 5,600 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships and other | 328,168 | (117,664) | 210,504 | 241,306 | (98,939) | 142,367 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 478,937 | (154,744) | 324,193 | 307,820 | (128,467) | 179,353 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-amortizing trade names | 135,602 | — | 135,602 | 135,602 | — | 135,602 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net intangible assets | $ | 614,539 | $ | (154,744) | $ | 459,795 | $ | 443,422 | $ | (128,467) | $ | 314,955 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The amortizable intangible assets in the table above are being amortized using a straight-line method over a weighted average remaining period of approximately 12.5 years.
Amortization expense related to these assets was $26,246, $19,846 and $19,995 in fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, which is included within cost of sales. We expect amortization expense related to these assets in each of the next five fiscal years and beyond to be incurred as follows:
| Fiscal year 2023 | $ | 32,323 | ||||||
| Fiscal year 2024 | 32,271 | |||||||
| Fiscal year 2025 | 32,253 | |||||||
| Fiscal year 2026 | 29,244 | |||||||
| Fiscal year 2027 | 27,794 | |||||||
| Thereafter | 170,308 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 324,193 | ||||||
12. Other Current Liabilities
The major categories over 5% of current liabilities are as follows:
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Accrual for in-transit inventory | $ | 11,620 | $ | 24,356 | ||||||||||
| Other | 115,560 | 96,212 | ||||||||||||
| Total other current liabilities | $ | 127,180 | $ | 120,568 | ||||||||||
We provide consumer warranties against manufacturing defects on certain products with warranty periods ranging from one year to the expected lifetime of the product. The estimated costs of such product warranties are recorded at the time the sale is recorded based upon actual past experience, our current production environment as well as specific and identifiable warranties as applicable. The warranty liability recorded at each balance sheet date reflects the estimated liability for warranty coverage for products delivered based on historical information and current trends.
The following is a reconciliation of the changes in our product warranty liability during the periods presented:
| Balance as of March 31, 2020 | $ | 9,149 | ||||||
| Payments made | (4,475) | |||||||
| Warranties issued | 4,382 | |||||||
| Changes related to pre-existing warranties and other adjustments | (360) | |||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2021 | 8,696 | |||||||
| Payments made | (4,169) | |||||||
| Warranties issued | 4,479 | |||||||
| Changes related to pre-existing warranties and other adjustments | 67 | |||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2022 | $ | 9,073 | ||||||
13. Long-term Debt
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 170,000 | $ | — | ||||||||||
4.5% Senior Notes | 500,000 | 500,000 | ||||||||||||
| Less: unamortized deferred financing costs | (3,886) | (4,436) | ||||||||||||
| Carrying amount of long-term debt | $ | 666,114 | $ | 495,564 | ||||||||||
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Credit Agreements—In fiscal year 2021, we refinanced our 2018 ABL Revolving Credit Facility, by entering into the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility, which provides for a $450,000 senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility. The amount available under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility is the lesser of the total commitment of $450,000 or a borrowing base based on percentages of eligible receivables, inventory, and cash, minus certain reserves, but, in each case, subject to the excess availability financial covenant under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility described below. As of March 31, 2022, the Excess Availability, based on the borrowing base less outstanding borrowings of $170,000 and outstanding letters of credit of $16,791, less the minimum required borrowing base of $45,000, the amount available under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility was $218,209. The 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility matures on March 31, 2026 (the “Maturity Date”), subject to a customary springing maturity in respect of the 4.5% Notes due 2029 (described below). Any outstanding revolving loans under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility will be payable in full on the Maturity Date.
Borrowings under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to either the sum of a base rate plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75% or the sum of a LIBO rate plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75%. The rates vary based on our Average Excess Availability under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2022, the margin under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility was 0.50% for base rate loans and 1.50% for LIBO rate loans. The weighted average interest rate for our borrowings under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility as of March 31, 2022 was 1.94%. We pay a commitment fee on the unused commitments under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility of 0.175% per annum.
Debt issuance costs incurred with the refinancing of approximately $6,004, are being amortized over the remaining term of the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility. The debt issuance costs associated with the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility are included within other current and non-current assets.
Substantially all domestic tangible and intangible assets of Vista Outdoor and our domestic subsidiaries are pledged as collateral under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility.
4.5% Notes—In fiscal year 2021, we issued $500,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.5% Notes that mature on March 15, 2029. These notes are unsecured and senior obligations. Interest on the notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year. We have the right to redeem some or all of these notes on or after March 15, 2024 at specified redemption prices. Prior to March 15, 2024, we may redeem some or all of these notes at a price equal to 100% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption and a specified make-whole premium. In addition, prior to March 15, 2024, we may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of these notes with the net cash proceeds of certain equity offerings, at a price equal to 104.5% of their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption. Debt issuance costs of approximately $4,481 are being amortized to interest expense over eight years, the term of the notes.
Rank and guarantees—The 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility obligations are guaranteed on a secured basis, jointly and severally and fully and unconditionally by substantially all of our domestic subsidiaries. Vista Outdoor (the parent company issuer) has no independent assets or operations. We own 100% of all of these guarantor subsidiaries. The 4.5% Notes are senior unsecured obligations of Vista Outdoor and will rank equally in right of payment with any future senior unsecured indebtedness and senior in right of payment to any future subordinated indebtedness of Vista Outdoor. The 4.5% Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, by our existing and future domestic subsidiaries that guarantee indebtedness under our 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility or that incur or guarantee certain of our other indebtedness, or indebtedness of any subsidiary guarantor, in an aggregate principal amount in excess of $75,000. These guarantees are senior unsecured obligations of the applicable subsidiary guarantors. The guarantee by any subsidiary guarantor of our obligations in respect of the 4.5% Notes will be released in any of the following circumstances:
•if, as a result of the sale of its capital stock, such subsidiary guarantor ceases to be a restricted subsidiary
•if such subsidiary guarantor is designated as an “Unrestricted Subsidiary”
•upon defeasance or satisfaction and discharge of the 4.5% Notes
•if such subsidiary guarantor has been released from its guarantees of indebtedness under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility and all capital markets debt securities
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Scheduled Minimum Payments—The scheduled minimum payments on outstanding long-term debt were as follows as of March 31, 2022:
| Fiscal year 2023 | $ | — | ||||||
| Fiscal year 2024 | — | |||||||
| Fiscal year 2025 | — | |||||||
| Fiscal year 2026 | 170,000 | |||||||
| Fiscal year 2027 | — | |||||||
| Thereafter | 500,000 | |||||||
| Total | $ | 670,000 | ||||||
Covenants
2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility—Our 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility imposes restrictions on us, including limitations on our ability to pay cash dividends, incur debt or liens, redeem or repurchase Vista Outdoor stock, enter into transactions with affiliates, make investments, merge or consolidate with others or dispose of assets. The 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility contains a financial covenant that the Excess Availability under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility cannot fall below the greater of (a) 10% of the line cap or (b) $42,500. As a result of this financial covenant, we must maintain the greater of 10% of the line cap or $42,500 of availability in order to satisfy the financial covenant. If we do not comply with the covenants in the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility, the lenders may, subject to customary cure rights, require the immediate payment of all amounts outstanding under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility. As noted above, the Excess Availability less the minimum required borrowing base under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility was $218,209 as of March 31, 2022. Vista Outdoor has the option to increase the amount of the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $150,000, to the extent that any one or more lenders, whether or not currently party to the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility, commits to be a lender for such amount.
4.5% Notes—The indenture governing the 4.5% Notes contains covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to incur or permit to exist certain liens, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of assets, consolidate, amalgamate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets, enter into transactions with affiliates, enter into agreements restricting our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, incur additional indebtedness, pay dividends or make other distributions or repurchase or redeem our capital stock, prepay, redeem or repurchase certain debt and make loans and investments.
The 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility and the indenture governing the 4.5% Notes contain cross-default provisions so that noncompliance with the covenants within one debt agreement could also cause a default under the other debt agreement. As of March 31, 2022, we were in compliance with the covenants of both of our debt agreements. However, we cannot provide assurance that we will be able to comply with such financial covenants in the future due to various risks and uncertainties, some of which may be beyond our control. Any failure to comply with the restrictions in the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility may prevent us from drawing under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility and may result in an event of default under the 2021 ABL Revolving Credit Facility, which default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related indebtedness and the indebtedness under our 4.5% Notes and proceed against the collateral that secures such indebtedness. We may not have sufficient liquidity to repay the indebtedness in such circumstances.
Cash Paid for Interest on Debt—Cash paid for interest totaled $25,328, $28,262, and $38,839 in fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
14. Employee Benefit Plans
Defined Benefit Plan
During fiscal year 2022, we recognized an aggregate net expense for employee defined benefit plans of $426. During fiscal years 2021 and 2020, we recognized an aggregate net benefit for employee defined benefit plans of $86 and $406, respectively.
We recognize the funded status of our defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans, measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the benefit obligation. Benefit obligation balances reflect the projected benefit obligation ("PBO") for our pension plans and accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations ("APBO") for our other post-retirement benefit plans. The weighted average discount rate used to determine the pension benefit obligation was 3.60% and 3.05% as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in the discount rate decreases the benefit obligation and takes into consideration the actual return on the plan assets. The fair value of the plan assets was $171,573 and $176,268 as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The benefit obligation was $192,945 and $209,021 as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. This resulted in an unfunded liability of $21,372 and $32,753 as of March 31, 2022 and 2021,
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respectively, which is primarily recorded within accrued pension and post-employment benefits liability on the consolidated balance sheet.
In June 2017, we announced changes to our qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans. The benefits under the affected plans were determined by a cash balance formula that provides participating employees with an annual “pay credit” as a percentage of their eligible pay based on their age and eligible service. The changes were effective July 31, 2017, with employees receiving a pro-rated pay credit for fiscal year 2017 and no future pay credits beginning in fiscal year 2018. However, a participating employee’s benefit will continue to grow based on annual interest credits applied to the employee’s cash balance account until commencement of the employee’s benefit.
The weighted average interest crediting rate was 4% for fiscal years 2022 and 2021, respectively. The plan assets are invested in a variety of financial funds which have investments in a variety of financial instruments including equities, fixed income, and hedge funds. Plan assets are invested in various asset classes that are expected to produce a sufficient level of diversification and investment return over the long-term. The investment goals are (1) to meet or exceed the assumed actuarial rate of return of 5.5% and 6.0% over the long-term within reasonable and prudent levels of risk as of March 31, 2022 and 2021, and (2) to preserve the real purchasing power of assets to meet future obligations.
Investments in financial funds are valued by multiplying the fund's net asset value ("NAV") per share with the number of units or shares owned as of the valuation date. NAV per share is determined by the fund's administrator or our custodian by deducting from the value of the assets of the fund all its liabilities and the resulting number is divided by the outstanding number of shares or units. Investments held by the funds are valued on the basis of valuations furnished by a pricing service approved by the fund's investment manager, which determines valuations using methods based on market transactions for comparable securities and various relationships between securities which are generally recognized by institutional traders, or at fair value as determined in good faith by the fund's investment manager. For those assets that are invested within hedge funds there are certain restrictions on redemption of those assets including a one-year lockup period from initial investment and thereafter a 65-day notice period prior to redemption. There are no other significant restrictions on redemption of assets within other asset categories.
Employer contributions and distributions—We made contributions of $1,300, $7,100, and $3,600 directly to our pension trust; made contributions of $0, $0, and $0 to our other postretirement benefit plans; and, distributed $0, $0, and $1 directly to retirees under our non-qualified supplemental executive retirement plans during fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
Substantially all contributions made to our pension trust were required by local funding requirements. We currently expect to make contributions of $0 during fiscal year 2023. The final amount of pension contributions we make in fiscal year 2023 and future years is dependent on our election of various implementation options provided to us by the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, which was signed into law in March 2021. Required future pension contributions are estimated based upon assumptions such as discount rates on future obligations, assumed rates of return on plan assets, and legislative changes. Actual future pension costs and required funding obligations will be affected by changes to these assumptions.
The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid primarily out of the pension trust:
| Fiscal year 2023 | $ | 13,737 | ||||||
| Fiscal year 2024 | 13,279 | |||||||
| Fiscal year 2025 | 14,063 | |||||||
| Fiscal year 2026 | 13,481 | |||||||
| Fiscal year 2027 | 13,152 | |||||||
| Fiscal years 2028 through 2032 | 63,305 | |||||||
Defined Contribution Plan
We sponsor a defined contribution retirement plan, a 401(k) savings plan. The plan is a tax-qualified retirement plan subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 and covers most employees in the U.S.
Total contributions in fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020 were $20,462, $12,909, and $12,166, respectively.
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15. Income Taxes
Income (loss) before income taxes is as follows:
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Current: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. | $ | 619,464 | $ | 259,009 | $ | (173,255) | ||||||||||||||
| Non-U.S. | 1,494 | 375 | 2,228 | |||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 620,958 | $ | 259,384 | $ | (171,027) | ||||||||||||||
Our income tax (provision) benefit consists of:
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Current: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | (107,429) | $ | 15,723 | $ | 10,210 | ||||||||||||||
| State | (28,119) | (18,684) | 1,585 | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-US | (739) | (350) | (197) | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Federal | (10,327) | 2,668 | 2,799 | |||||||||||||||||
| State | (1,483) | 7,271 | 1,703 | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-US | 365 | — | (152) | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (provision) benefit | $ | (147,732) | $ | 6,628 | $ | 15,948 | ||||||||||||||
The items responsible for the differences between the federal statutory rate and our effective rate are as follows:
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Statutory federal income tax rate | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | ||||||||||||||
| State income taxes, net of federal impact | 3.9 | % | 4.6 | % | 1.1 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Nondeductible goodwill impairment | — | % | — | % | (11.3) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Nondeductible loss on divestiture | — | % | (0.4) | % | (1.0) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Change in tax contingency | (0.7) | % | (3.6) | % | 4.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Impact of law changes | — | % | (4.1) | % | 1.8 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | — | % | (19.0) | % | (4.8) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Other | (0.4) | % | (1.1) | % | (2.0) | % | ||||||||||||||
| Effective income tax rate | 23.8 | % | (2.6) | % | 9.3 | % | ||||||||||||||
The effective tax rate for the current year is reflective of the federal statutory rate of 21% increased by the state taxes and partially offset by changes in tax contingency.
The current year increase in the effective tax rate as compared to the prior year is primarily due to the impact of the prior year decreases in the valuation allowance driven by earnings, the 2021 benefit of the loss carrybacks to prior profitable years as permitted under IRS regulations issued under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) which permitted us to realize previously valued tax assets, and the release of a greater amount of reserves for uncertain tax positions due to statute expiration last year.
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Deferred income taxes arise because of differences in the timing of the recognition of income and expense items for financial statement reporting and income tax purposes. The net effect of these temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities are classified in the consolidated financial statements of financial position as non-current assets or liabilities. As of March 31, 2022 and 2021, the components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | ||||||||||||||
| Inventories | $ | 7,178 | $ | 7,359 | ||||||||||
| Retirement benefits | 5,384 | 8,174 | ||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | 6,664 | 8,417 | ||||||||||||
| Accruals for employee benefits | 7,917 | 11,216 | ||||||||||||
| Other reserves | 3,146 | 3,906 | ||||||||||||
| Loss and credit carryforwards | 3,082 | 4,040 | ||||||||||||
| Capital loss carryforward | 19,598 | 19,666 | ||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 18,984 | 18,623 | ||||||||||||
| Other | 4,926 | 2,970 | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | 76,879 | 84,371 | ||||||||||||
| Valuation allowance | (20,417) | (22,528) | ||||||||||||
| Total net deferred assets | 56,462 | 61,843 | ||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets | (43,957) | (29,847) | ||||||||||||
| Property, plant, and equipment | (24,571) | (23,420) | ||||||||||||
| Operating lease assets | (17,238) | (16,811) | ||||||||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | (85,766) | (70,078) | ||||||||||||
| Net deferred income tax liability | $ | (29,304) | $ | (8,235) | ||||||||||
As of March 31, 2022, our deferred tax assets were primarily the result of capital loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets. We have capital loss carryforwards totaling $19,598 as of March 31, 2022, which, if unused, will expire in 2025.
As of March 31, 2022, there are federal and state net operating loss and credit carryovers of $3,082, which, if unused, will expire in years March 31, 2023 through March 31, 2043. The carryforwards expiring in fiscal year 2023 are not material.
We have valuation allowances on certain deferred tax assets of $20,417 and $22,528 at March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in valuation allowance from year end 2021 to year end 2022 was primarily due to U.S. state tax attributes. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021, we recorded a net valuation allowance release of $49,537 on the basis of management's reassessment of the amount of its deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized.
We have outside basis differences from foreign subsidiaries for which no deferred tax liability has been recorded, as we intend to indefinitely reinvest these balances. Determination of the amount of any unrecognized deferred income tax liability on the temporary difference for these indefinitely reinvested undistributed earnings is not practicable.
Income taxes paid, net of refunds, totaled $139,238 and $40,793 in fiscal year 2022 and fiscal year 2021, respectively.
We filed amended income tax returns in fiscal year 2021 requesting total refunds of $42,193, as permitted by the CARES Act. These refunds remain outstanding and are properly reflected in our net income tax receivable of $43,560.
As of March 31, 2022 and 2021, unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, that have not been recorded in the financial statements amounted to $24,719 and $23,000. Of these amounts, inclusive of interest and penalties, $21,139 and $20,283, respectively, would affect the effective tax rate. It is expected that a $3,419 reduction of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits will occur in the next 12 months.
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We have classified uncertain tax positions as non-current income tax liabilities unless expected to be paid within one year. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, is as follows:
| Years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized Tax Benefits—beginning of period | $ | 18,071 | $ | 23,513 | $ | 27,252 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross increases—tax positions in prior periods | 304 | 2,713 | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross decreases—tax positions in prior periods | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross increases—current-period tax positions | 6,581 | 2,716 | 1,949 | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross decreases—current-period tax positions | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
| Settlements | — | — | (171) | |||||||||||||||||
| Lapse of statute of limitations | (5,501) | (10,871) | (5,517) | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized Tax Benefits—end of period | $ | 19,455 | $ | 18,071 | $ | 23,513 | ||||||||||||||
We report income tax-related interest income within the income tax provision. Penalties and tax-related interest expense are also reported as a component of the income tax provision. As of March 31, 2022 and 2021, $2,406 and $3,043 of income tax-related interest and $2,856 and $1,886 of penalties were included in accrued income taxes, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, our current tax provision included $2,128, $1,676, and $2,126, respectively, of expense related to interest and penalties.
16. Commitments and Contingencies
We lease certain warehouse, distribution and office facilities, vehicles, and office equipment under operating leases. These operating lease liabilities represent commitments for minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases in the amount of $130,630. See Note 3, Leases.
As of March 31, 2022, we have known purchase commitments of $259,108 which are defined as an agreement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding on us and that specifies all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum, or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. We also issued guarantees in the form of standby letters of credit of $16,791 as of March 31, 2022.
Litigation
From time-to-time, we are subject to various legal proceedings, including lawsuits, which arise out of, and are incidental to, the conduct of our business. We do not consider any of such proceedings that are currently pending, individually or in the aggregate, to be material to our business or likely to result in a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows.
Environmental liabilities
Our operations and ownership or use of real property are subject to a number of federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations, as well as applicable foreign laws and regulations, including those governing the discharge of hazardous materials, remediation of contaminated sites, and restoration of damage to the environment. We are obligated to conduct investigation and/or remediation activities at certain sites that we own or operate or formerly owned or operated.
Certain of our former subsidiaries have been identified as PRPs, along with other parties, in regulatory agency actions associated with hazardous waste sites. As a PRP, those former subsidiaries may be required to pay a share of the costs of the investigation and clean-up of these sites. In that event, we would be obligated to indemnify those subsidiaries for those costs. While uncertainties exist with respect to the amounts and timing of the ultimate environmental liabilities, based on currently available information, we have concluded that these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows. We have recorded a liability for environmental remediation of $697 as of March 31, 2022 and $696 as of March 31, 2021.
We could incur substantial additional costs, including cleanup costs, resource restoration, fines, and penalties or third-party property damage or personal injury claims, as a result of violations or liabilities under environmental laws or non-compliance with environmental permits. While environmental laws and regulations have not had a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, or cash flows in the past, and we have environmental management programs in place to mitigate these risks, it is difficult to predict whether they will have a material impact in the future.
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17. Stockholders' Equity
We have authorized 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $1.00, none of which have been issued.
As of March 31, 2022, we maintain an equity incentive plan (the “2020 Vista Outdoor Inc. Stock Incentive Plan” or the “Plan”), which became effective on August 4, 2020. The Plan was established to govern equity awards granted to our employees and directors and provides for awards of incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units, dividend equivalents, performance awards, stock awards and other stock-based awards. We issue shares from the Plan upon the vesting of performance awards, restricted stock units, grant of restricted stock, or exercise of stock options and the awards are accounted for as equity-based compensation.
As of August 4, 2020, we were authorized to issue up to 3,351,200 common shares under the Plan. As of March 31, 2022, 2,265,601 common shares remain available to be granted.
Performance Based Awards
We have granted three types of stock-based performance based awards: performance awards, TSR performance awards, and performance awards with a TSR award modifier. The number of shares that could be issued range from 0% to 200% of the participant's target award.
Performance awards are awards in which the number of shares ultimately received depends on our performance against specified metrics over a three-year performance period. These performance metrics are established on the grant date. At the end of the performance period, the number of shares of stock that could be issued is fixed based upon the degree of achievement of the performance goals. Performance awards are initially valued at our closing stock price on the date of grant. Stock compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The expense recognized over the vesting period is adjusted up or down based on the anticipated performance level during the performance period. If the performance metrics are not probable of achievement during the performance period, compensation expense would be reversed. The awards are forfeited if the threshold performance metrics are not achieved as of the end of the performance period. The performance share vest at the end of the performance period.
TSR performance awards are stock-based awards that compare the performance of our common stock over a three-year period to that of our peer group. The fair value of these awards is derived using the Monte Carlo simulation which utilizes the stock volatility, dividend yield and market correlation of Vista to its peer group. The Monte Carlo fair value is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The awards are forfeited if the threshold performance metrics are not achieved as of the end of the performance period. The performance awards vest at the end of the performance period.
Performance awards with a TSR modifier are stock-based awards for which the number of shares ultimately received depends on our performance against specified metrics over a three-year performance period and the performance of our common stock over a three-year period relative to that of our peer group. These performance metrics are established on the grant date. At the end of the performance period, the number of shares of stock that could be issued is based upon the degree of achievement of the performance goals. The participants could earn from 0% up to 200% of the three-year target award shares, subject to continued service through the vesting date. After the number of shares earned based on our performance goals is determined, the relative TSR modifier may either increase or decrease the number of shares earned from +20% to -20%, but not over 200% of target shares, based on the performance of our common stock over a three-year period relative to that of our peer group. The fair value of these awards is derived using the Monte Carlo simulation which utilizes our closing stock price on the date of grant and the stock volatility, dividend yield and market correlation of Vista to its peer group. The expense recognized over the vesting period is adjusted up or down based on the anticipated performance level during the performance period. If the performance metrics are not probable of achievement during the performance period, compensation expense would be reversed. The awards are forfeited if the threshold performance metrics are not achieved as of the end of the performance period. The performance shares vest at the end of the performance period.
We granted 5,980 performance awards during fiscal year 2022. There were 390,012 performance award shares earned during fiscal year 2022 that were subject to a three-year performance period related to certain performance goals. The participants could earn from 0% up to 200% of the three-year target award shares, subject to their continued service through the vesting date. Based on our performance, participants earned 200% of the performance awards granted to them.
No TSR performance awards were granted during fiscal year 2022. There were 167,150 TSR performance award shares earned during fiscal year 2022 that were subject to a three-year performance period related to the performance of our common stock over a three-year period compared to that of our peer group. The participants could earn from 0% up to 200% of the three-year target award shares, subject to continued service through the vesting date. Based on the performance of our common stock over the applicable three-year period compared to that of our peer group, participants earned 200% of these awards.
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We granted 312,206, performance awards with a TSR modifier during fiscal year 2022. No shares were earned during fiscal year 2022.
The weighted average grant date fair value for performance based award grants was $37.88 and $27.11 in fiscal years 2022 and 2021, respectively. There were no performance based awards granted in fiscal year 2020.
A summary of our performance based awards for fiscal year 2022 is presented below:
| Shares | Weighted average grant date fair value | |||||||||||||
| Nonvested as of March 31, 2021 | 1,002,037 | $ | 21.87 | |||||||||||
| Earned (1) | (557,162) | 9.29 | ||||||||||||
| Adjustment for payout (2) | 278,581 | 9.29 | ||||||||||||
| Awarded | 318,186 | 37.88 | ||||||||||||
| Nonvested as of March 31, 2022 | 1,041,642 | $ | 30.12 | |||||||||||
(1) Performance shares are earned and vest at the end of the performance period based on the performance criteria achieved, subject to continued service through the vesting date.
(2) Adjustment equals the difference between performance shares issued at target and the 200% of target shares earned during fiscal year 2022.
As of March 31, 2022, the unamortized compensation expense related to these awards was $28,232, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years.
Stock Option awards
Stock options may be granted periodically, with an exercise price equal to the fair value of common stock on the date of grant, and generally vest from to three years from the date of grant. Stock options are generally granted with ten-year terms. We recorded compensation expense for employee stock options based on the estimated fair value of the options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The model uses various assumptions, including a risk-free interest rate, the expected term of the options, the expected stock price volatility, and the expected dividend yield. There were no stock options granted during fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020.
A summary of our stock option activity for fiscal year 2022 is presented below:
| Shares | Weighted average exercise price | Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years) | Aggregate intrinsic value | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of March 31,2021 | 397,610 | $ | 13.99 | 6.8 | $ | 7,244 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | (28,921) | 18.41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding and exercisable as of March 31,2022 | 368,689 | $ | 13.65 | 6.1 | $ | 8,128 | ||||||||||||||||||||
There were 28,921 and 92,604 options exercised during fiscal years 2022 and 2021, respectively. There were no options exercised during fiscal year 2020. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during fiscal years 2022 and 2021 was $1,102 and $1,896, respectively. Cash received from options exercised during fiscal years 2022 and 2021 was $533 and $1,386, respectively.
As of March 31, 2022, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option awards.
Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock units granted to certain key employees and non-employee directors totaled 352,716 shares in fiscal year 2022. The weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted was $34.58, $17.31, and $6.03 in fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Restricted stock units vest over periods generally ranging from to three years from the date of award and are valued at the market price of common stock as of the grant date.
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A summary of our restricted stock unit award activity for fiscal year 2022 is presented below.
| Shares | Weighted average grant date fair value | |||||||||||||
| Nonvested as of March 31, 2021 | 1,064,580 | $ | 13.56 | |||||||||||
| Granted | 352,716 | 34.58 | ||||||||||||
| Vested | (509,861) | 12.08 | ||||||||||||
| Forfeited | (16,862) | 19.54 | ||||||||||||
| Nonvested as of March 31, 2022 | 890,573 | $ | 22.56 | |||||||||||
As of March 31, 2022, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock units was $16,107 and is expected to be realized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.
Total pre-tax stock-based compensation expense of $27,407, $13,303, and $6,810 was recognized during fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The total income tax benefit recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for share-based compensation was $4,882, $2,673, and $371 during fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
Share Repurchases
We had repurchases of 2,981 shares in fiscal year 2022 and no repurchases of shares during fiscal years 2021 and 2020. See Part II, Item 5 of this Annual Report, for details on our share repurchase programs.
18. Operating Segment Information
As of March 31, 2022, we had seven operating segments which have been aggregated into two reportable segments, Sporting Products and Outdoor Products. This is consistent with how our chief operating decision maker (CODM), our Chief Executive Officer, allocates resources and makes decisions. During the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, we made changes in the aggregation of our operating segments to reflect recent business and economic changes. As a result of these changes, our Hunting and Shooting operating segment is now included in our Outdoor Products reportable segment and has been renamed Outdoor Accessories. Our Ammunition operating segment is in its own reportable segment which has been renamed Sporting Products.
Previously, similarities in market demand dynamics and distribution channels were the most critical factors used in aggregating our operating segments into reportable segments. As a result, we previously aggregated our Ammunition and Outdoor Accessories (formerly named Hunting and Shooting) operating segment into a single reportable segment, due to similarities in those operating segments’ underlying market demand, distribution channels and economic characteristic at that time. During fiscal year 2022, demand for our products has remained strong, while supply chain, logistics and other factors have affected the key metrics for all other operating segments except Ammunition. These key metrics are used by our CODM, in evaluating the performance of our operating segments and in making resource allocation decisions. These factors also impacted the qualitative characteristics that are considered in the aggregation of our operating segments.
The operating segments we are now aggregating into our Outdoor Products reportable segment rely primarily on international suppliers to manufacture the products they sell, which impacts their economic characteristics in a similar manner. These operating segments also share other commonalities or risks, such as technology or intellectual property sharing, common regulated environments, similar input cost risks, and nature of their products. Consumers of the products in these operating segments are typically looking to upgrade or replace their products in a similar time frame. Based on the impact on their economic characteristics discussed above and the shared qualitative characteristics of these operating segments, we are now aggregating our Outdoor Accessories operating segment with our Sports Protection, Outdoor Cooking, Hydration, Golf, and Cycling operating segments into the Outdoor Products reportable segment.
Our CODM relies on internal management reporting that analyzes consolidated results to the net income level and our operating segment's EBIT, which is defined as earnings before interest and income taxes. Certain corporate-related costs and other non-recurring costs are not allocated to the segments in order to present comparable results from period to period and are not utilized by management in determining segment profitability.
No customer contributed more than 10% of sales during fiscal years 2022 and 2021; however, Walmart accounted for approximately 13% of our total fiscal year 2020 sales.
Our sales to foreign customers were $435,175, $319,568, and $301,648 in fiscal year 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. During fiscal year 2022, approximately 24% of these sales were in Sporting Products and 76% were in Outdoor Products. Sales to no individual country outside the U.S. accounted for more than 5% of our sales in fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020.
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The following summarizes our results by segment:
| Year ended March 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sporting Products | Outdoor Products | (a) Corporate and other reconciling items | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales, net | $ | 1,737,891 | $ | 1,306,730 | $ | — | $ | 3,044,621 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | 712,160 | 399,447 | (2,375) | 1,109,232 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
EBIT | 600,415 | 164,494 | (118,687) | 646,222 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | 25,637 | 12,890 | 3,907 | 42,434 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 25,602 | 42,027 | 4,711 | 72,340 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 743,960 | 1,539,542 | 112,699 | 2,396,201 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended March 31, 2021 (b) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sporting Products | Outdoor Products | (a) Corporate and other reconciling items | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales, net | $ | 1,119,754 | $ | 1,105,768 | $ | — | $ | 2,225,522 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | 312,230 | 321,423 | (693) | 632,960 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBIT | 222,713 | 137,942 | (75,697) | 284,958 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | 14,209 | 10,942 | 4,096 | 29,247 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 23,292 | 37,935 | 3,883 | 65,110 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 655,788 | 794,961 | 314,190 | 1,764,939 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year ended March 31, 2020 (b) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sporting Products | Outdoor Products | (a) Corporate and other reconciling items | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales, net | $ | 871,550 | $ | 884,321 | $ | — | $ | 1,755,871 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | 137,914 | 222,372 | (1,520) | 358,766 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBIT | 66,898 | 43,125 | (242,259) | (132,236) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | 10,577 | 4,827 | 3,857 | 19,261 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 20,077 | 41,094 | 6,687 | 67,858 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 552,337 | 760,217 | 82,323 | 1,394,877 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) Reconciling items represent corporate general and administrative expenses and other income (expense) not included by management in determining segment EBIT.
Reconciling items in fiscal year 2022 included fair value step-up in inventory of $2,375, and post-acquisition compensation expense of $8,987 allocated from businesses acquired.
Reconciling items in fiscal year 2021 included an $18,467 gain on divestiture and $690 in inventory step-up expense from businesses acquired.
Reconciling items in fiscal year 2020 include non-cash goodwill and intangible impairment charges of $121,329 and $34,259, respectively, related to the historical outdoor products segment, $9,429 of held for sale impairment charges related to the historical Sporting Products segment, restructuring charges of $9,210, contingent consideration expenses of $1,685, restructuring costs of $1,520, merger and acquisition costs of $644, and loss on the sale of our Firearms business of $433.
(b) During the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, we modified and renamed our reportable segments. Accordingly fiscal year 2021 and 2020 have been restated to conform to the change.
Sales, net exclude all intercompany sales between Sporting Products and Outdoor Products, which were not material for any of the fiscal years presented.
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19. Subsequent Event
On May 5, 2022, we announced that our Board of Directors has unanimously approved preparations for the separation of our Outdoor Products and Sporting Products reportable segments into two independent, publicly-traded companies (the “Planned Separation”). We anticipate that the transaction will be in the form of a distribution to our shareholders of 100% of the stock of Outdoor Products, which will become a new, independent publicly traded company. The distribution is intended to be tax-free to U.S. shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We currently expect the transaction will be completed in calendar year 2023, subject to final approval by our Board of Directors, a Form 10 registration statement being declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, regulatory approvals and satisfaction of other conditions. There can be no assurance regarding the ultimate timing of the proposed transaction or that the transaction will be completed.
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of March 31, 2022, and have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. These disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During fiscal year 2022, we acquired certain assets of Foresight, which is being integrated into our Outdoor Products segment. As part of our ongoing integration activities, we are continuing to incorporate our controls and procedures into our business and to augment our company-wide controls to reflect the risks inherent in this acquisition. There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting during fiscal year 2022 (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The management of Vista Outdoor prepared and is responsible for the consolidated financial statements and all related financial information contained in this Annual Report. This responsibility includes establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Vista Outdoor's internal control over financial reporting was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
To comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Vista Outdoor designed and implemented a structured and comprehensive assessment process to evaluate its internal control over financial reporting. The assessment of the effectiveness of Vista Outdoor's internal control over financial reporting was based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Management regularly monitors Vista Outdoor's internal control over financial reporting, and actions are taken to correct any deficiencies as they are identified.
Management has excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Foresight, which we acquired during the third quarter of fiscal year 2022, and constitutes net income of $18,423, 21.4% of total assets, and 2.0% of net sales of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended March 31, 2022.
Based on our assessment, management has concluded that Vista Outdoor's internal control over financial reporting is effective as of March 31, 2022.
Our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2022, has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.
| /s/ Christopher T. Metz | /s/ Sudhanshu Priyadarshi | |||||||
| Christopher T. Metz | Sudhanshu Priyadarshi | |||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | Chief Financial Officer | |||||||
May 24, 2022
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the stockholders and the Board of Directors of Vista Outdoor Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Vista Outdoor Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of March 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended March 31, 2022, of the Company and our report dated May 24, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
As described in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Foresight Sports, which was acquired on September 28, 2021, and whose financial statements constitute 3.9% of net income, 21.4% of total assets, and 2.0% of net sales of the consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended March 31, 2022. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at Foresight Sports.
Basis for Opinion
The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Salt Lake City, Utah
May 24, 2022
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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
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PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Information regarding our directors is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Proposal 1—Election of Directors and under the heading The Vista Outdoor Inc. Board of Directors in the section entitled Corporate Governance at Vista Outdoor Inc. in our Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of fiscal year 2022 (the "2022 Proxy Statement"). Information regarding our executive officers incorporated by reference from the section entitled Corporate Governance at Vista Outdoor Inc. under the heading Information About Our Executive Officers to be included in the 2022 Proxy Statement.
Information regarding our code of ethics (Vista Outdoor's Code of Business Ethics), which we have adopted for all directors, officers and employees, is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Corporate Governance at Vista Outdoor Inc.—Code of Business Ethics to be included in the 2022 Proxy Statement. Our Code of Business Ethics is available on our website at www.vistaoutdoor.com by selecting Investors and then Corporate Governance.
Information regarding our Audit Committee, including the Audit Committee's financial expert, is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Corporate Governance at Vista Outdoor Inc.—Organization of the Board of Directors—Committees of the Board of Directors—Audit Committee to be included in the 2022 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information regarding the compensation of our named executive officers is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Compensation Discussion and Analysis, Named Executive Officer Compensation Tables, and Compensation Committee Report to be included in the 2022 Proxy Statement.
Information regarding compensation of our directors is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Director Compensation to be included in the 2022 Proxy Statement.
Information regarding the compensation committee interlocks is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Corporate Governance—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation to be included in the 2022 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Information regarding the security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Security Ownership of Directors and Named Executive Officers to be included in the 2022 Proxy Statement.
Information regarding the securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans to be included in the 2022 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Information regarding transactions with related persons is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Related Person Transactions to be included in the 2022 Proxy Statement.
Information about director independence is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Corporate Governance at Vista Outdoor Inc.—Director Independence to be included in the 2022 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Information about principal accountant fees and services as well as related pre-approval policies and procedures is incorporated by reference from the section entitled Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to be included in the 2022 Proxy Statement.
Our independent registered public accounting firm is Deloitte & Touche LLP (PCAOB ID No. 34).
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PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) Documents filed as part of this Report
1. Financial Statements
The following is a list of all of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of Part II.
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2. Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission have been omitted because of the absence of the conditions under which they are required or because the information required is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
3. Exhibits
The following exhibits with an exhibit number followed by an asterisk (*) are filed electronically with this report. All other exhibits listed below are incorporated by reference from the document listed.
Exhibit Number | Description of Exhibit (and document from which incorporated by reference, if applicable) | ||||||||||
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| 4.3 | |||||||||||
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Exhibit Number | Description of Exhibit (and document from which incorporated by reference, if applicable) | ||||||||||
| 4.4 | |||||||||||
| 4.5 | |||||||||||
| 10.1 | # | ||||||||||
| 10.2 | # | ||||||||||
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Exhibit Number | Description of Exhibit (and document from which incorporated by reference, if applicable) | ||||||||||
| 10.17 | # | ||||||||||
| 10.18 | |||||||||||
| 21 | * | ||||||||||
| 23 | * | ||||||||||
| 31.1 | * | ||||||||||
| 31.2 | * | ||||||||||
| 32 | * | ||||||||||
| 101 | The following financial statements from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, and (v) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags. | ||||||||||
| 104 | The cover page from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2022, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL) (included as Exhibit 101). | ||||||||||
+ Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Vista Outdoor agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request; provided, however, that Vista Outdoor may request confidential treatment pursuant to Rule 24b-2 of the Exchange Act for any document so furnished.
# Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| VISTA OUTDOOR INC. | ||||||||||||||
| Date: May 24, 2022 | By: | /s/ Sudhanshu Priyadarshi | ||||||||||||
| Name: | Sudhanshu Priyadarshi | |||||||||||||
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||||
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and indicated on May 24, 2022.
| Signature | Title | |||||||
| /s/ Christopher T. Metz | ||||||||
| Christopher T. Metz | Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) | |||||||
| /s/ Sudhanshu Priyadarshi | ||||||||
| Sudhanshu Priyadarshi | Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) | |||||||
| /s/ Mark R. Kowalski | ||||||||
| Mark R. Kowalski | Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (principal accounting officer) | |||||||
| /s/ Michael Callahan | ||||||||
| Michael Callahan | Chairman of the Board of Directors and Director | |||||||
| /s/ Frances Philip | ||||||||
| Frances Philip | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Tig H. Krekel | ||||||||
| Tig H. Krekel | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Mark A. Gottfredson | ||||||||
| Mark A. Gottfredson | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Gary L. McArthur | ||||||||
| Gary L. McArthur | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Robert M. Tarola | ||||||||
| Robert M. Tarola | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Michael Robinson | ||||||||
| Michael Robinson | Director | |||||||
| /s/ Lynn Utter | ||||||||
| Lynn Utter | Director | |||||||
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