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Voya Financial, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 June (Form 10-Q)



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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
——————————————————————
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
 
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018

OR
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                           to                           

Commission File Number: 001-35897______________________________________

Voya Financial, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
52-1222820
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(IRS Employer Identification No.)
230 Park Avenue
 
New York, New York
10169
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(212) 309-8200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.        Yes   x     No   o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).   Yes   x     No   o


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer    ý
Accelerated filer    o
Non-accelerated filer     o
Smaller reporting company     o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Emerging growth company     o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o  No ý

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: As of July 27, 2018, 160,570,829 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value, were outstanding.
 

 
1
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2018

INDEX
 
 
PAGE
PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
Financial Statements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
2
 


For the purposes of the discussion in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the term Voya Financial, Inc. refers to Voya Financial, Inc. and the terms "Company," "we," "our," and "us" refer to Voya Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including "Risk Factors," and "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements relating to future developments in our business or expectations for our future financial performance and any statement not involving a historical fact. Forward-looking statements use words such as "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "plan," and other words and terms of similar meaning in connection with a discussion of future operating or financial performance. Actual results, performance or events may differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statement due to, among other things, (i) general economic conditions, particularly economic conditions in our core markets, (ii) performance of financial markets, including emerging markets, (iii) the frequency and severity of insured loss events, (iv) mortality and morbidity levels, (v) persistency and lapse levels, (vi) interest rates, (vii) currency exchange rates, (viii) general competitive factors, (ix) changes in laws and regulations, (x) changes in the policies of governments and/or regulatory authorities, and (xi) our ability to successfully manage the separation of Venerable (as defined below), including the transition services, on the expected timeline and economic terms. Factors that may cause actual results to differ from those in any forward-looking statement also include those described under "Risk Factors," "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Trends and Uncertainties" and "Business-Closed Blocks-CBVA" in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (File No. 001-35897) (the "Annual Report on Form 10-K").
The risks included here are not exhaustive. Current reports on Form 8-K and other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") include additional factors that could affect our businesses and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a rapidly changing and competitive environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors.

 
3
 


PART I.        FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.        Financial Statements
Voya Financial, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
June 30, 2018 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data)
 
June 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Assets:
 
 
 
Investments:
 
 
 
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $44,386 as of 2018 and $44,366 as of 2017)
$
46,104

 
$
48,329

Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option
2,983

 
3,018

Equity securities, at fair value (cost of $320 as of 2018 and $353 as of 2017)
385

 
380

Short-term investments
102

 
471

Mortgage loans on real estate, net of valuation allowance of $2 as of 2018 and $3 as of 2017
8,904

 
8,686

Policy loans
1,849

 
1,888

Limited partnerships/corporations
1,070

 
784

Derivatives
376

 
397

Other investments
90

 
47

Securities pledged (amortized cost of $1,882 as of 2018 and $1,823 as of 2017)
1,994

 
2,087

Total investments
63,857

 
66,087

Cash and cash equivalents
1,534

 
1,218

Short-term investments under securities loan agreements, including collateral delivered
1,679

 
1,626

Accrued investment income
674

 
667

Premium receivable and reinsurance recoverable
7,617

 
7,632

Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired
4,008

 
3,374

Current income taxes
23

 
4

Deferred income taxes
1,266

 
781

Other assets
1,152

 
1,310

Assets related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
Limited partnerships/corporations, at fair value
1,731

 
1,795

Cash and cash equivalents
86

 
217

Corporate loans, at fair value using the fair value option
458

 
1,089

Other assets
13

 
75

Assets held in separate accounts
78,642

 
77,605

Assets held for sale
—

 
59,052

Total assets
$
162,740

 
$
222,532





The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
 
 
4
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
June 30, 2018 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2017
(In millions, except share and per share data)

 
June 30,
2018
 
December 31,
2017
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
 
 
 
Future policy benefits
$
15,191

 
$
15,647

Contract owner account balances
50,789

 
50,158

Payables under securities loan agreement, including collateral held
1,957

 
1,866

Short-term debt
1

 
337

Long-term debt
3,458

 
3,123

Derivatives
117

 
149

Pension and other postretirement provisions
527

 
550

Other liabilities
1,695

 
2,076

Liabilities related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
Collateralized loan obligations notes, at fair value using the fair value option
491

 
1,047

Other liabilities
630

 
658

Liabilities related to separate accounts
78,642

 
77,605

Liabilities held for sale
—

 
58,277

Total liabilities
153,498

 
211,493

 
 
 
 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13)


 


 
 
 
 
Shareholders' equity:
 
 
 
Common stock ($0.01 par value per share; 900,000,000 shares authorized; 272,008,619 and 270,078,294 shares issued as of 2018 and 2017, respectively; 162,027,329 and 171,982,673 shares outstanding as of 2018 and 2017, respectively)
3

 
3

Treasury stock (at cost; 109,981,290 and 98,095,621 shares as of 2018 and 2017, respectively)
(4,442
)
 
(3,827
)
Additional paid-in capital
23,951

 
23,821

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
943

 
2,731

Retained earnings (deficit):
 
 
 
Appropriated-consolidated investment entities
—

 
—

Unappropriated
(11,995
)
 
(12,719
)
Total Voya Financial, Inc. shareholders' equity
8,460

 
10,009

Noncontrolling interest
782

 
1,030

Total shareholders' equity
9,242

 
11,039

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
162,740

 
$
222,532


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
 
 
5
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)
(In millions, except per share data)
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
$
813

 
$
832

 
$
1,636

 
$
1,675

Fee income
660

 
639

 
1,336

 
1,276

Premiums
533

 
526

 
1,072

 
1,073

Net realized capital gains (losses):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total other-than-temporary impairments
—

 
(1
)
 
(14
)
 
(2
)
Less: Portion of other-than-temporary impairments recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss)
1

 
—

 
1

 
1

Net other-than-temporary impairments recognized in earnings
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(15
)
 
(3
)
Other net realized capital gains (losses)
(119
)
 
(24
)
 
(286
)
 
(108
)
Total net realized capital gains (losses)
(120
)
 
(25
)
 
(301
)
 
(111
)
Other revenue
101

 
90

 
200

 
179

Income (loss) related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
126

 
129

 
137

 
156

Total revenues
2,113

 
2,191

 
4,080

 
4,248

Benefits and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policyholder benefits
706

 
733

 
1,414

 
1,483

Interest credited to contract owner account balances
382

 
403

 
764

 
802

Operating expenses
645

 
630

 
1,345

 
1,298

Net amortization of Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired
74

 
195

 
174

 
259

Interest expense
46

 
45

 
95

 
91

Operating expenses related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
16

 
27

 
22

 
44

Other expense
3

 
3

 
4

 
3

Total benefits and expenses
1,872

 
2,036

 
3,818

 
3,980

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
241

 
155

 
262

 
268

Income tax expense (benefit)
45

 
—

 
49

 
93

Income (loss) from continuing operations
196

 
155

 
213

 
175

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
28

 
64

 
457

 
(98
)
Net income (loss)
224

 
219

 
670

 
77

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
58

 
52

 
58

 
53

Net income (loss) available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
166

 
$
167

 
$
612

 
$
24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
0.83

 
$
0.56

 
$
0.91

 
$
0.65

Income (loss) available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
1.00

 
$
0.90

 
$
3.60

 
$
0.13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
0.80

 
$
0.55

 
$
0.88

 
$
0.63

Income (loss) available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
0.96

 
$
0.89

 
$
3.48

 
$
0.12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends declared per share of common stock
$
0.01

 
$
0.01

 
$
0.02

 
$
0.02


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
 
 
6
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
For the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)
(In millions)
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net income (loss)
$
224

 
$
219

 
$
670

 
$
77

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities
(867
)
 
762

 
(2,390
)
 
1,047

Other-than-temporary impairments
10

 
1

 
30

 
12

Pension and other postretirement benefits liability
(3
)
 
(4
)
 
(6
)
 
(7
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
(860
)
 
759

 
(2,366
)
 
1,052

Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss)
(292
)
 
265

 
(606
)
 
367

Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax
(568
)
 
494

 
(1,760
)
 
685

Comprehensive income (loss)
(344
)
 
713

 
(1,090
)
 
762

Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
58

 
52

 
58

 
53

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
(402
)
 
$
661

 
$
(1,148
)
 
$
709


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
 
 
7
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 (Unaudited)
(In millions)
 
Common
Stock
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Retained Earnings (Deficit)
 
Total
Voya
Financial, Inc.
Shareholders'
Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interest
 
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
 
Appropriated
 
Unappropriated
Balance as of January 1, 2018
$
3

 
$
(3,827
)
 
$
23,821

 
$
2,731

 
$
—

 
$
(12,719
)
 
$
10,009

 
$
1,030

 
$
11,039

Cumulative effect of changes in accounting:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Adjustment for adoption of ASU 2014-09
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
84

 
84

 
—

 
84

  Adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-01
—

 
—

 
—

 
(28
)
 
—

 
28

 
—

 
—

 
—

Balance as of January 1, 2018 - As adjusted
3

 
(3,827
)
 
23,821

 
2,703

 
—

 
(12,607
)
 
10,093

 
1,030

 
11,123

Comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
612

 
612

 
58

 
670

   Reversal of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) due to Sale of Annuity and CBVA
—

 
—

 
—

 
(79
)
 
—

 
—

 
(79
)
 
—

 
(79
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,681
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,681
)
 
—

 
(1,681
)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,148
)
 
58

 
(1,090
)
Effect of transaction for entities under common control
—

 
—

 
(31
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(31
)
 
—

 
(31
)
Net consolidations (deconsolidations) of consolidated investment entities
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(33
)
 
(33
)
Common stock issuance
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

Common stock acquired - Share repurchase
—

 
(600
)
 
100

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(500
)
 
—

 
(500
)
Dividends on common stock
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
(3
)
Share-based compensation
—

 
(15
)
 
63

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
48

 
—

 
48

Contributions from (Distributions to) noncontrolling interest, net
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(273
)
 
(273
)
Balance as of June 30, 2018
$
3

 
$
(4,442
)
 
$
23,951

 
$
943

 
$
—

 
$
(11,995
)
 
$
8,460

 
$
782


$
9,242



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
 
 
8
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
 Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 (Unaudited)
(In millions)
 
Common
Stock
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Retained Earnings (Deficit)
 
Total
Voya
Financial, Inc.
Shareholders'
Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interest
 
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
Appropriated
 
Unappropriated
Balance as of January 1, 2017 - As previously filed
$
3

 
$
(2,796
)
 
$
23,609

 
$
1,921

 
$
—

 
$
(9,742
)
 
$
12,995

 
$
973

 
$
13,968

Cumulative effect of changes in accounting:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-09
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
15

 
15

 
—

 
15

Balance as of January 1, 2017 - As adjusted
3

 
(2,796
)
 
23,609

 
1,921

 
—

 
(9,727
)
 
13,010

 
973

 
13,983

Comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
24

 
24

 
53

 
77

Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax
—

 
—

 
—

 
685

 
—

 
—

 
685

 
—

 
685

Total comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
709

 
53

 
762

Common stock issuance
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

Common stock acquired - Share repurchase
—

 
(623
)
 
200

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(423
)
 
—

 
(423
)
Dividends on common stock
—

 
—

 
(4
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(4
)
 
—

 
(4
)
Share-based compensation
—

 
(7
)
 
66

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
59

 
—

 
59

Contributions from (Distributions to) noncontrolling interest, net
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(86
)
 
(86
)
Balance as of June 30, 2017
$
3

 
$
(3,426
)
 
$
23,872

 
$
2,606

 
$
—

 
$
(9,703
)
 
$
13,352

 
$
940

 
$
14,292


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
 
 
9
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited)
(In millions)
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
 
 
 
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities - continuing operations
$
(408
)
 
$
86

Net cash provided by operating activities - discontinued operations
1,462

 
470

Net cash provided by operating activities
1,054

 
556

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from the sale, maturity, disposal or redemption of:
 
 
 
Fixed maturities
4,577

 
4,013

Equity securities
20

 
16

Mortgage loans on real estate
471

 
487

Limited partnerships/corporations
152

 
124

Acquisition of:
 
 
 
Fixed maturities
(4,881
)
 
(3,953
)
Equity securities
(20
)
 
(27
)
Mortgage loans on real estate
(574
)
 
(1,132
)
Limited partnerships/corporations
(158
)
 
(179
)
Short-term investments, net
403

 
12

Derivatives, net
35

 
163

Sales from consolidated investment entities
602

 
1,214

Purchases within consolidated investment entities
(607
)
 
(1,389
)
Collateral received (delivered), net
38

 
(126
)
Other, net
(5
)
 
35

Net cash provided by investing activities - discontinued operations
34

 
40

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
87

 
(702
)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
 
 
 
Deposits received for investment contracts
3,083

 
2,395

Maturities and withdrawals from investment contracts
(2,716
)
 
(2,827
)
Proceeds from issuance of debt with maturities of more than three months
350

 
—

Repayment of debt with maturities of more than three months
(350
)
 
(91
)
Debt issuance costs
(6
)
 
—

Borrowings of consolidated investment entities
469

 
738

Repayments of borrowings of consolidated investment entities
(461
)
 
(725
)
Contributions from (distributions to) participants in consolidated investment entities, net
34

 
656

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net
1

 
1

Share-based compensation
(15
)
 
(7
)
Common stock acquired - Share repurchase
(500
)
 
(423
)
Dividends paid
(3
)
 
(4
)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities - discontinued operations
(1,209
)
 
89

Net cash used in financing activities
(1,323
)
 
(198
)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(182
)
 
(344
)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
1,716

 
2,911

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
1,534

 
2,567

Less: Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations, end of period
—

 
1,039

Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations, end of period
$
1,534

 
$
1,528


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
 
 
10
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 


1.    Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Business    

Voya Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively the "Company") is a financial services organization in the United States that offers a broad range of retirement services, annuities, investment management services, mutual funds, life insurance, group insurance and supplemental health products.

On June 1, 2018, the Company consummated a series of transactions (collectively, the "Transaction") pursuant to a Master Transaction Agreement dated December 20, 2017 (the "MTA") with VA Capital Company LLC ("VA Capital") and Athene Holding Ltd ("Athene"). As part of the Transaction, Venerable Holdings, Inc. ("Venerable"), a wholly owned subsidiary of VA Capital, acquired two of the Company's subsidiaries, Voya Insurance and Annuity Company ("VIAC") and Directed Services, LLC ("DSL"). The Transaction resulted in the disposition of substantially all of the Company's Closed Block Variable Annuity ("CBVA") and Annuities businesses. The assets and liabilities related to the businesses sold were classified as held for sale in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017. The results of operations and cash flows of the businesses sold were classified as discontinued operations in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, respectively and are reported separately for all periods presented. See the Discontinued Operations Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

As a result of the Transaction, the Company no longer considers its CBVA and Annuities businesses as reportable segments. Additionally, the Company evaluated its segment presentation and determined that the retained CBVA and Annuities policies that are not included in the disposed businesses described above ("Retained Business") are insignificant. As such, the Company reported the results of the Retained Business in Corporate.

The Company provides its principal products and services through four segments: Retirement, Investment Management, Employee Benefits and Individual Life. In addition, the Company includes in Corporate the financial data not directly related to its segments, and other business activities that do not have an ongoing meaningful impact to the Company's results. See the Segments Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Prior to May 2013, the Company was an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of ING Groep N.V. ("ING Group" or "ING"), a global financial services holding company based in The Netherlands. In May 2013, Voya Financial Inc. completed its initial public offering of common stock, including the issuance and sale of common stock by Voya Financial, Inc. and the sale of shares of common stock owned indirectly by ING Group. Between October 2013 and March 2015, ING Group completed the sale of its remaining shares of common stock of Voya Financial, Inc. in a series of registered public offerings.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") and are unaudited. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Those estimates are inherently subject to change and actual results could differ from those estimates.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Voya Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries, as well as partnerships (voting interest entities ("VOEs")) in which the Company has control and variable interest entities ("VIEs") for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. See the Consolidated Investment Entities Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect adjustments (including normal, recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2018, its results of operations and comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and its changes in shareholders' equity and statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of full year performance.

 
11
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The December 31, 2017 Consolidated Balance Sheet is from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC. Therefore, these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Significant Accounting Policies

Investments

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-01 "Financial Instruments-Overall (ASC Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" ("ASU 2016-01") (See the Adoption of New Pronouncements section below). As a result, the Company measures its equity securities at fair value and recognizes any changes in fair value in net income. Prior to adoption, equity securities were designated as available-for-sale and reported at fair value with unrealized capital gains (losses) recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI").

Recognition of Revenue

As of January 1, 2018, the Company changed its method for recognizing costs to obtain and fulfill certain financial services contracts upon the adoption of ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606)" ("ASU 2014-09"). (See the Adoption of New Pronouncements section below.)

Financial services revenue is disaggregated by type of service in the following tables. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, such revenue represents approximately 27.0% of total Retirement revenue, all of Investment Management revenue, and 23.1% of Corporate revenue. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, such revenue represents approximately 28.1% of total Retirement revenue, all of Investment Management revenue, and 30.0% of Corporate revenue. Such revenue is immaterial for Employee Benefits and Individual Life. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, a portion of the revenue recognized in the current period from distribution services is related to performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Reportable Segments
 
 
 
Retirement
 
Investment Management
 
Corporate
Service Line
 
 
 
 
 
Advisory
$
55

 
$
136

 
$
—

Asset management
—

 
43

 
—

Recordkeeping & administration
60

 
39

 
2

Distribution & shareholder servicing
71

 
45

 
7

Total financial services revenue
$
186

 
$
263

 
$
9


 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Reportable Segments
 
 
 
Retirement
 
Investment Management
 
Corporate
Service Line
 
 
 
 
 
Advisory
$
110

 
$
277

 
$
—

Asset management
—

 
84

 
—

Recordkeeping & administration
122

 
82

 
4

Distribution & shareholder servicing
145

 
89

 
15

Total financial services revenue
$
377

 
$
532

 
$
19


 
12
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 


Receivables of $205 are included in Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2018.

Financial Services Revenue
Revenue for various financial services is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes any amounts collected on behalf of third parties. For advisory, asset management, and recordkeeping and administration services, the Company recognizes revenue as services are provided, generally over time. In addition, the Company may arrange for sub-advisory services for a customer under certain contracts. Revenue is recognized when the Company has satisfied a performance obligation by transferring control of a service to a customer. Contract terms are typically less than one year, and consideration is generally variable and due as services are rendered.

For distribution and shareholder servicing revenue, the Company provides distribution services at a point in time and shareholder services over time. Such revenue is recognized when the Company has satisfied a performance obligation and related consideration is received. Contract terms are less than one year, and consideration is variable. For distribution services, revenue may be recognized in periods subsequent to when the Company has satisfied a performance obligation, as a component of related consideration is constrained under certain contracts.

For a description of principal activities by reportable segment from which the Company generates revenue, see the Segments Note in Part II, Item 8. of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

Revenue for various financial services is recorded in Fee income or Other revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Contract Costs
Contract cost assets represent costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract that are expected to be recovered and, thus, have been capitalized and are subject to amortization. Capitalized contract costs include incremental costs of obtaining a contract and fulfillment costs that relate directly to a contract and generate or enhance resources of the Company that are used to satisfy performance obligations.

The Company defers (1) incremental commissions and variable compensation paid to the Company's direct sales force, consultant channel, and intermediary partners, as a result of obtaining certain financial services contracts and (2) account set-up expenses on certain recordkeeping contracts. The Company expenses as incurred deferrable contract costs for which the amortization period would be one year or less (based on the U.S. GAAP practical expedient) and other contract-related costs. The Company periodically reviews contract cost assets for impairment. Capitalized contract costs are included in Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and costs expensed as incurred are included in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

As of June 30, 2018, contract cost assets were $106. Capitalized contract costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated lives of the contracts, which typically range from 5 to 15 years. This method is consistent with the transfer of services to which the assets relate. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, amortization expenses of $6 and $12, respectively, were recorded in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. There was no impairment loss in relation to the contract costs capitalized.

Adoption of New Pronouncements

Retirement Benefits
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, "Compensation-Retirement Benefits (ASC Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost" ("ASU 2017-07"), which requires employers to report the service cost component of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the same line item as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by employees during the period. Other components of net benefit costs are required to be presented in the statement of operations separately from service costs. In addition, only service costs are eligible for capitalization in assets, when applicable.


 
13
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The provisions of ASU 2017-07 were adopted by the Company on January 1, 2018 retrospectively for the presentation of service costs and other components in the statement of operations, and prospectively for the capitalization of service costs in assets. The adoption had no effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets
In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, "Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (ASC Subtopic 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance & Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets" ("ASU 2017-05"), which requires entities to apply certain recognition and measurement principles in ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606)" (see Revenue from Contracts with Customers below) when they derecognize nonfinancial assets and in substance nonfinancial assets through sale or transfer, and the counterparty is not a customer.

The provisions of ASU 2017-05 were adopted on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption had no effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Statement of Cash Flows
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (ASC Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" ("ASU 2016-15"), which addresses diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendments provide guidance on eight specific cash flow issues.

The provisions of ASU 2016-15 were adopted retrospectively on January 1, 2018 and resulted in the reclassification of the Company's cash payments for debt extinguishment costs from Cash Flows from Operating Activities to Cash Flows from Financing Activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows of $3 and $1 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The adoption of the remaining provisions of ASU 2016-05 had no effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Share-Based Compensation
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, "Compensation-Stock Compensation (ASC Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting" ("ASU 2016-09"), which simplifies the accounting for share-based payment award transactions with respect to:

•
The income tax consequences of awards,
•
The impact of forfeitures on the recognition of expense for awards,
•
Classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and
•
Classification on the statement of cash flows.

The provisions of ASU 2016-09 were adopted by the Company on January 1, 2017 using the transition method prescribed for each applicable provision:

•
On a prospective basis, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies related to share-based compensation will be reported in Net income (loss), rather than Additional paid-in capital.  Prior year excess tax benefits will remain in Additional paid-in capital. 
•
The provision that removed the requirement to delay recognition of excess tax benefits until they reduce taxes payable was required to be adopted on a modified retrospective basis. Upon adoption, this provision resulted in a $15 increase in Deferred income tax assets with a corresponding increase to Retained earnings on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2017, to record previously unrecognized excess tax benefits.
•
The Company elected to retrospectively adopt the requirement to present cash inflows related to excess tax benefits as operating activities. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company had no excess tax benefits. 
•
The Company also elected to continue its existing accounting policy of including estimated forfeitures in the calculation of share-based compensation expense.

The adoption of the remaining provisions of ASU 2016-09 had no effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.


 
14
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments-Overall (ASC Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities" ("ASU 2016-01"), which requires:

•
Equity investments (except those consolidated or accounted for under the equity method) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income.
•
Elimination of the disclosure of methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value for financial instruments measured at amortized cost.
•
The use of the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes.
•
Separate presentation in other comprehensive income of the portion of the total change in fair value of a liability resulting from a change in own credit risk if the liability is measured at fair value under the fair value option.
•
Separate presentation on the balance sheet or financial statement notes of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset.

The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach, except for certain provisions that were required to be applied prospectively. The impact to the January 1, 2018 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was a $28 increase, net of tax, to Unappropriated retained earnings with a corresponding decrease of $28, net of tax, to Accumulated other comprehensive income to recognize the unrealized gain associated with Equity securities. The provisions that required prospective adoption had no effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Under previous guidance, prior to January 1, 2018, Equity securities were classified as available for sale with changes in fair value recognized in Other comprehensive income.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, which requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is recognized when, or as, the entity satisfies a performance obligation under the contract. ASU 2014-09 also updated the accounting for certain costs associated with obtaining and fulfilling contracts with customers and requires disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In addition, the FASB issued various amendments during 2016 to clarify the provisions and implementation guidance of ASU 2014-09. Revenue recognition for insurance contracts and financial instruments is explicitly scoped out of the guidance.

The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption had no impact on revenue recognition. However, the adoption resulted in a $106 increase in Other assets to capitalize costs to obtain and fulfill certain financial services contracts in the Retirement segment and Corporate. This adjustment was offset by a related $22 decrease in Deferred income taxes, resulting in a net $84 increase to Retained earnings (deficit) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2018. In addition, disclosures have been updated to reflect accounting policy changes made as a result of the implementation of ASU 2014-09. (See the Significant Accounting Policies section above.)

Comparative information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported under previous revenue recognition guidance. As of June 30, 2018 the adoption of ASU 2014-09 resulted in a $106 increase in Other assets, reduced by a related $22 decrease in Deferred income taxes, resulting in a net $84 increase to Retained earnings (deficit) on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the adoption resulted in a $1 increase in Operating expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, adopting the provisions of ASU 2014-09 had no impact on Net cash provided by operating activities.

Future Adoption of Accounting Pronouncements
Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, "Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (ASC Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" ("ASU 2018-02"), which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("Tax Reform"). Stranded tax effects arise because U.S. GAAP requires that the impact of a change in tax laws or rates on deferred tax liabilities and assets be reported in net income, even if related to items recognized within accumulated other comprehensive income. The amount of the reclassification would be based on the difference

 
15
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

between the historical corporate income tax rate and the newly enacted 21% corporate income tax rate, applied to deferred tax liabilities and assets reported within accumulated other comprehensive income.

The provisions of ASU 2018-02 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. Initial adoption of ASU 2018-02 may be reported either in the period of adoption or on a retrospective basis in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate resulting from Tax Reform is recognized. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of ASU 2018-02.

Derivatives & Hedging
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging (Topic ASC 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities" ("ASU 2017-12"), which enables entities to better portray risk management activities in their financial statements, as follows:

•
Expands an entity's ability to hedge nonfinancial and financial risk components and reduces complexity in accounting for fair value hedges of interest rate risk,
•
Eliminates the requirement to separately measure and report hedge ineffectiveness and generally requires the entire change in the fair value of a hedging instrument to be presented in the same income statement line as the hedged item,
•
Eases certain documentation and assessment requirements and modifies the accounting for components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, and
•
Modifies required disclosures.

The provisions of ASU 2017-12 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods, with early adoption permitted. Initial adoption of ASU 2017-12 is required to be reported using a modified retrospective approach, with the exception of the presentation and disclosure requirements which are required to be applied prospectively. The Company is currently in the process of determining the impact of adoption of the provisions of ASU 2017-12.

Debt Securities
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, "Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (ASC Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities" ("ASU 2017-08"), which shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium by requiring the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date.

The provisions of ASU 2017-08 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods, with early adoption permitted. Initial adoption of ASU 2017-08 is required to be reported using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently in the process of determining the impact of adoption of the provisions of ASU 2017-08.

Financial Instruments - Credit Losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (ASC Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" ("ASU 2016-13"), which:

•
Introduces an approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments,
•
Modifies the impairment model for available-for-sale debt securities, and
•
Provides a simplified accounting model for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration since their origination.

The provisions of ASU 2016-13 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Initial adoption of ASU 2016-13 is required to be reported on a modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption, except for certain provisions that are required to be applied prospectively. The Company is currently in the process of determining the impact of adoption of the provisions of ASU 2016-13.

Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (ASC Topic 842)" ("ASU 2016-02"), which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months. The lease liability will be measured as the present value of the lease payments, and the asset will be based on the liability. For income statement purposes, expense recognition will depend on the lessee's classification of the lease as either finance, with a front-loaded amortization expense pattern

 
16
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

similar to current capital leases, or operating, with a straight-line expense pattern similar to current operating leases. Lessor accounting will be similar to the current model, and lessors will be required to classify leases as operating, direct financing, or sales-type.

ASU 2016-02 also replaces the sale-leaseback guidance to align with the new revenue recognition standard, addresses statement of operation and statement of cash flow classification, and requires additional disclosures for all leases. In addition, the FASB issued various amendments during 2018 to clarify and simplify the provisions and implementation guidance of ASU 2016-02.

The provisions of ASU 2016-02 are effective on a modified retrospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of determining the impact of adoption of the provisions of ASU 2016-02.





 
17
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

2.    Discontinued Operations

As noted in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note, on June 1, 2018, the Company closed the Transaction with VA Capital and Athene (the "Buyers") pursuant to which Venerable acquired two of the Company’s subsidiaries, VIAC and DSL. The Transaction resulted in the disposition of substantially all of the Company’s CBVA and Annuities businesses.

The purchase price for VIAC was equal to the difference between the Required Adjusted Book Value (as defined in the MTA) and the Statutory capital in VIAC at closing, after giving effect to certain restructuring and other pre-sale transactions, including the reinsurance of the fixed and fixed indexed annuity business of VIAC to affiliates of Athene. Following the closing of the Transaction, the Company, through its other insurance subsidiaries, continues to own surplus notes issued by VIAC in an aggregate principal amount of $350 and acquired a 9.99% equity interest in VA Capital. The investment in surplus notes is reported in Fixed maturities, available-for-sale on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2018. VIAC's corresponding liability is included in Liabilities held for sale on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017. In the summary of major categories of assets and liabilities related to discontinued operations as of December 31, 2017 presented below, VIAC's corresponding liability for the surplus notes is included in Notes payable.

Pursuant to the terms of the MTA and prior to the closing of the Transaction, VIAC undertook certain restructuring transactions with several affiliates in order to transfer businesses and assets into and out of VIAC from and to the Company's affiliates. Such transactions included, but were not limited to, the following reinsurance transactions:
•
VIAC recaptured the CBVA business previously assumed by Roaring River II, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company.
•
the Company, through its subsidiary ReliaStar Life Insurance Company ("RLI") ceded, under modified coinsurance agreements, fixed and fixed indexed annuity reserves of $451 to Athene Annuity & Life Assurance Company ("AADE") and Athene Life Re, Ltd. ("ALRe"). Under the terms of the agreements, AADE and ALRe contractually assumed from the Company the policyholder liabilities and obligations related to the policies, although the Company remains obligated to the policyholders. Upon the consummation of the agreements, the Company recognized no gain or loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
•
the Company, through its subsidiary RLI, assumed, under coinsurance and modified coinsurance agreements, certain individual life and deferred annuity policies from VIAC. Upon the consummation of the agreements, the Company recognized no gain or loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of June 30, 2018, assumed reserves related to these agreements were $856.

In connection with the closing, Voya Investment Management Co., LLC ("Voya IM") or its affiliated advisors, entered into one or more agreements to perform asset management and ancillary services for Venerable as part of the transaction. As part of the agreements, Voya IM will serve as the preferred asset management partner for Venerable. Under the agreements, subject to certain criteria, Voya IM will manage and service certain assets, including, for at least five years following the closing of the transaction, certain general account assets. The Company and Voya IM also agreed to provide certain transitional services to Venerable following the closing of the Transaction. The length of each service varies depending on the type of service provided.


 
18
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The Company has determined that the CBVA and Annuities businesses disposed of in the Transaction meet the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations and that the sale represents a strategic shift that has a major effect on the Company’s operations.  Accordingly, the results of operations of the businesses sold have been presented as discontinued operations in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented, and the assets and liabilities of the businesses sold were classified as held for sale in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017. If, immediately prior to the sale, the carrying value of the business classified as discontinued operations exceeds its estimated fair value less cost to sell, a loss is recognized.

The results of discontinued operations are reported in "Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax" in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for all periods presented. As of December 31, 2017, the Company recorded an estimated loss on sale, net of tax of $2,423 which included estimated transactions costs of $31 as well as the loss of $692 of deferred tax assets to write down the assets of the businesses sold to fair value less cost to sell as of December 31, 2017. Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 includes a favorable adjustment to the estimated loss on sale of $505, net of tax. The loss on sale, net of tax as of June 30, 2018 of $1,918, which includes the loss of $460 of deferred tax assets, represents the excess of the carrying value, immediately prior to the sale, of the businesses classified as discontinued operations over the purchase price, which approximates fair value, less cost to sell. Additionally, in connection with the Transaction, the Company reversed $79 of other comprehensive income, net of tax that was previously recorded and related to the Annuity and CBVA businesses sold. The Buyers have the option to inquire or request changes to the closing Required Adjusted Book Value and/or Statutory capital of VIAC during a period of 180 days after the close of the Transaction. Based on the Company's receipt and review of any inquiries, the Company may determine that additional updates to the closing Required Adjusted Book Value and/or Statutory capital of VIAC are required which may cause changes to the purchase price for VIAC. Consequently, this may impact the final loss on sale related to the Transaction which will result in changes to be recorded in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in future periods related to the loss on sale.


 
19
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The following table summarizes the major categories of assets and liabilities classified as discontinued operations in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017:
 
 
December 31,
2017
Assets:
 
 
Investments:
 
 
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value
 
$
21,904

Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option
 
615

Short-term investments
 
352

Mortgage loans on real estate, net of valuation allowance
 
4,212

Derivatives
 
1,514

Other investments(1)
 
351

Securities pledged
 
861

Total investments
 
29,809

Cash and cash equivalents
 
498

Short-term investments under securities loan agreements, including collateral delivered
 
473

Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired
 
805

Sales inducements
 
196

Deferred income taxes
 
404

Other assets(2)
 
396

Assets held in separate accounts
 
28,894

Write-down of businesses held for sale to fair value less cost to sell
 
(2,423
)
Total assets held for sale
 
$
59,052

 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
Future policy benefits and contract owner account balances
 
$
27,065

Payables under securities loan agreement, including collateral held
 
1,152

Derivatives
 
782

Notes payable
 
350

Other liabilities
 
34

Liabilities related to separate accounts
 
28,894

Total liabilities held for sale
 
$
58,277

(1) Includes Other investments, Equity securities, Limited Partnerships/corporations and Policy loans.
(2) Includes Other assets, Accrued investment income, Premium receivable and reinsurance recoverable.
 











 
20
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 


The following table summarizes the components of Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax for the five months ended May 31, 2018 (the Transaction closed on June 1, 2018) and the six months ended June 30, 2017:
 
Five Months Ended May 31, 2018
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Revenues:
 
 
 
Net investment income
$
510

 
$
633

Fee income
295

 
412

Premiums
(50
)
 
96

Total net realized capital gains (losses)
(345
)
 
(588
)
Other revenue
10

 
11

Total revenues
420

 
564

Benefits and expenses:
 
 
 
Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders
442

 
550

Operating expenses
(14
)
 
133

Net amortization of Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired
49

 
68

Interest expense
10

 
10

Total benefits and expenses
487

 
761

Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes
(67
)
 
(197
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
(19
)
 
(99
)
Adjustment to loss on sale, net of tax
505

 
—

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
$
457

 
$
(98
)


 
21
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

3.    Investments (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities)

Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities

Available-for-sale and fair value option ("FVO") fixed maturities were as follows as of June 30, 2018:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Capital Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Capital Losses
 
Embedded Derivatives(2)
 
Fair Value
 
OTTI(3)(4)
Fixed maturities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasuries
$
1,815

 
$
365

 
$
4

 
$
—

 
$
2,176

 
$
—

U.S. Government agencies and authorities
204

 
39

 
—

 
—

 
243

 
—

State, municipalities and political subdivisions
1,648

 
32

 
21

 
—

 
1,659

 
—

U.S. corporate public securities
19,541

 
1,297

 
261

 
—

 
20,577

 
—

U.S. corporate private securities
6,224

 
178

 
141

 
—

 
6,261

 
—

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
5,259

 
252

 
111

 
—

 
5,400

 
—

Foreign corporate private securities(1)
5,247

 
110

 
105

 
—

 
5,252

 
—

Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
2,957

 
141

 
56

 
14

 
3,056

 
—

Non-Agency
1,539

 
96

 
10

 
11

 
1,636

 
13

Total Residential mortgage-backed securities
4,496

 
237

 
66

 
25

 
4,692

 
13

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
2,954

 
27

 
49

 
—

 
2,932

 
—

Other asset-backed securities
1,863

 
35

 
9

 
—

 
1,889

 
3

Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged
49,251

 
2,572

 
767

 
25

 
51,081

 
16

Less: Securities pledged
1,882

 
151

 
39

 
—

 
1,994

 
—

Total fixed maturities
$
47,369

 
$
2,421

 
$
728

 
$
25

 
$
49,087

 
$
16

(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
(2) Embedded derivatives within fixed maturity securities are reported with the host investment. The changes in fair value of embedded derivatives are reported in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3) Represents Other-than-Temporary-Impairments ("OTTI") reported as a component of Other comprehensive income (loss).
(4) Amount excludes $335 of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities.



 
22
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Available-for-sale and FVO fixed maturities and equity securities were as follows as of December 31, 2017:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Capital Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Capital Losses
 
Embedded Derivatives(2)
 
Fair Value
 
OTTI(3)(4)
Fixed maturities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasuries
$
2,047

 
$
477

 
$
2

 
$
—

 
$
2,522

 
$
—

U.S. Government agencies and authorities
223

 
52

 
—

 
—

 
275

 
—

State, municipalities and political subdivisions
1,856

 
68

 
11

 
—

 
1,913

 
—

U.S. corporate public securities
20,857

 
2,451

 
50

 
—

 
23,258

 
—

U.S. corporate private securities
5,628

 
255

 
50

 
—

 
5,833

 
—

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
5,241

 
493

 
18

 
—

 
5,716

 
—

Foreign corporate private securities(1)
4,974

 
251

 
64

 
—

 
5,161

 
10

Residential mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
2,990

 
164

 
30

 
21

 
3,145

 
—

Non-Agency
1,257

 
110

 
4

 
16

 
1,379

 
16

Total Residential mortgage-backed securities
4,247

 
274

 
34

 
37

 
4,524

 
16

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
2,646

 
69

 
11

 
—

 
2,704

 
—

Other asset-backed securities
1,488

 
43

 
3

 
—

 
1,528

 
3

Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged
49,207

 
4,433

 
243

 
37

 
53,434

 
29

Less: Securities pledged
1,823

 
284

 
20

 
—

 
2,087

 
—

Total fixed maturities
47,384

 
4,149

 
223

 
37

 
51,347

 
29

Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
272

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
273

 
—

Preferred stock
81

 
26

 
—

 
—

 
107

 
—

Total equity securities
353

 
27

 
—

 
—

 
380

 
—

Total fixed maturities and equity securities investments
$
47,737

 
$
4,176

 
$
223

 
$
37

 
$
51,727

 
$
29

(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
(2) Embedded derivatives within fixed maturity securities are reported with the host investment. The changes in fair value of embedded derivatives are reported in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3) Represents OTTI reported as a component of Other comprehensive income (loss).
(4) Amount excludes $441 of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities.




 
23
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities, including securities pledged, as of June 30, 2018, are shown below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as securities may be restructured, called or prepaid. Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and Other asset-backed securities ("ABS") are shown separately because they are not due at a single maturity date.
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Fair
Value
Due to mature:
 
 
 
One year or less
$
857

 
$
865

After one year through five years
7,695

 
7,817

After five years through ten years
9,953

 
9,943

After ten years
21,433

 
22,943

Mortgage-backed securities
7,450

 
7,624

Other asset-backed securities
1,863

 
1,889

Fixed maturities, including securities pledged
$
49,251

 
$
51,081


The investment portfolio is monitored to maintain a diversified portfolio on an ongoing basis. Credit risk is mitigated by monitoring concentrations by issuer, sector and geographic stratification and limiting exposure to any one issuer.

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any investments in a single issuer, other than obligations of the U.S. Government and government agencies, with a carrying value in excess of 10% of the Company’s Total shareholders' equity.

The following tables present the composition of the U.S. and foreign corporate securities within the fixed maturity portfolio by industry category as of the dates indicated:
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Capital
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Capital
Losses
 
Fair
Value
June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Communications
$
2,601

 
$
180

 
$
29

 
$
2,752

Financial
5,327

 
346

 
72

 
5,601

Industrial and other companies
15,752

 
654

 
278

 
16,128

Energy
4,061

 
266

 
83

 
4,244

Utilities
6,383

 
317

 
110

 
6,590

Transportation
1,294

 
56

 
25

 
1,325

Total
$
35,418

 
$
1,819

 
$
597

 
$
36,640

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Communications
$
2,587

 
$
341

 
$
4

 
$
2,924

Financial
5,094

 
487

 
5

 
5,576

Industrial and other companies
16,478

 
1,391

 
98

 
17,771

Energy
4,268

 
459

 
45

 
4,682

Utilities
6,243

 
607

 
22

 
6,828

Transportation
1,295

 
121

 
4

 
1,412

Total
$
35,965

 
$
3,406

 
$
178

 
$
39,193



 
24
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities

The Company's fixed maturities are currently designated as available-for-sale, except those accounted for using the FVO. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01 as of January 1, 2018, equity securities were also designated as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value and unrealized capital gains (losses) on these securities are recorded directly in AOCI and presented net of related changes in Deferred policy acquisition costs ("DAC"), Value of business acquired ("VOBA") and Deferred income taxes. In addition, certain fixed maturities have embedded derivatives, which are reported with the host contract on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company has elected the FVO for certain of its fixed maturities to better match the measurement of assets and liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Certain collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), primarily interest-only and principal-only strips, are accounted for as hybrid instruments and reported at fair value with changes in the fair value recorded in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company invests in various categories of CMOs, including CMOs that are not agency-backed, that are subject to different degrees of risk from changes in interest rates and defaults. The principal risks inherent in holding CMOs are prepayment and extension risks related to significant decreases and increases in interest rates resulting in the prepayment of principal from the underlying mortgages, either earlier or later than originally anticipated. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, approximately 42.0% and 43.2%, respectively, of the Company's CMO holdings, were invested in the above mentioned types of CMOs such as interest-only or principal-only strips, that are subject to more prepayment and extension risk than traditional CMOs.

Public corporate fixed maturity securities are distinguished from private corporate fixed maturity securities based upon the manner in which they are transacted. Public corporate fixed maturity securities are issued initially through market intermediaries on a registered basis or pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act") and are traded on the secondary market through brokers acting as principal. Private corporate fixed maturity securities are originally issued by borrowers directly to investors pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, and are traded in the secondary market directly with counterparties, either without the participation of a broker or in agency transactions.

Repurchase Agreements

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had immaterial securities pledged in repurchase agreement transactions and did not have any securities pledged in dollar rolls or reverse repurchase agreements. As of December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any such securities pledged.

Securities Lending

The Company engages in securities lending whereby certain securities from its portfolio are loaned to other institutions, through a lending agent, for short periods of time. The Company has the right to approve any institution with whom the lending agent transacts on its behalf. Initial collateral is required at a rate of 102% of the market value of the loaned securities. The lending agent retains the collateral and invests it in high quality liquid assets on behalf of the Company. The market value of the loaned securities is monitored on a daily basis with additional collateral obtained or refunded as the market value of the loaned securities fluctuates. The lending agent indemnifies the Company against losses resulting from the failure of a counterparty to return securities pledged where collateral is insufficient to cover the loss. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of loaned securities was $1,739 and $1,854, respectively, and is included in Securities pledged on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

If cash is received as collateral, the lending agent retains the cash collateral and invests it in short-term liquid assets on behalf of the Company. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, cash collateral retained by the lending agent and invested in short-term liquid assets on the Company's behalf was $1,649 and $1,589, respectively, and is recorded in Short-term investments under securities loan agreements, including collateral delivered on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, liabilities to return collateral of $1,649 and $1,589, respectively, are included in Payables under securities loan agreements, including collateral held on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.


 
25
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The Company accepts non-cash collateral in the form of securities. The securities retained as collateral by the lending agent may not be sold or re-pledged, except in the event of default, and are not reflected on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This collateral generally consists of U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agency securities and MBS pools. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of securities retained as collateral by the lending agent on the Company’s behalf was $151 and $308, respectively.

The following table presents borrowings under securities lending transactions by class of collateral pledged for the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018 (1)(2)
 
December 31, 2017 (1)(2)
U.S. Treasuries
$
523

 
$
587

U.S. Government agencies and authorities
6

 
5

U.S. corporate public securities
909

 
967

Short-term investments
2

 
—

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments
360

 
338

Payables under securities loan agreements
$
1,800

 
$
1,897

(1)As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, borrowings under securities lending transactions include cash collateral of $1,649 and $1,589, respectively.
(2)As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, borrowings under securities lending transactions include non-cash collateral of $151 and $308, respectively.

The Company's securities lending activities are conducted on an overnight basis, and all securities loaned can be recalled at any time. The Company does not offset assets and liabilities associated with its securities lending program.


 
26
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Unrealized Capital Losses

Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments), along with the fair value of fixed maturity securities, including securities pledged, by market sector and duration were as follows as of June 30, 2018:
 
Six Months or Less
Below Amortized Cost
 
More Than Six
Months and Twelve Months or Less
Below Amortized Cost
 
More Than Twelve
Months Below
Amortized Cost
 
Total
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
U.S. Treasuries
$
54

 
$
1

 
$
48

 
$
1

 
$
47

 
$
2

 
$
149

 
$
4

State, municipalities and political subdivisions
499

 
8

 
97

 
4

 
161

 
9

 
757

 
21

U.S. corporate public securities
5,288

 
164

 
645

 
45

 
468

 
52

 
6,401

 
261

U.S. corporate private securities
1,976

 
44

 
276

 
18

 
665

 
79

 
2,917

 
141

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments
2,039

 
71

 
213

 
20

 
132

 
20

 
2,384

 
111

Foreign corporate private securities
1,557

 
67

 
96

 
6

 
309

 
32

 
1,962

 
105

Residential mortgage-backed
626

 
14

 
278

 
19

 
436

 
33

 
1,340

 
66

Commercial mortgage-backed
1,212

 
18

 
523

 
25

 
76

 
6

 
1,811

 
49

Other asset-backed
738

 
6

 
84

 
2

 
31

 
1

 
853

 
9

Total
$
13,989

 
$
393

 
$
2,260

 
$
140

 
$
2,325

 
$
234

 
$
18,574

 
$
767




 
27
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments), along with the fair value of fixed maturity securities, including securities pledged, by market sector and duration were as follows as of December 31, 2017:
 
Six Months or Less
Below Amortized Cost
 
More Than Six
Months and Twelve Months or Less
Below Amortized Cost
 
More Than Twelve
Months Below
Amortized Cost
 
Total
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
U.S. Treasuries
$
166

 
$
2

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
15

 
$
—

 
$
181

 
$
2

State, municipalities and political subdivisions
356

 
9

 
6

 
—

 
35

 
2

 
397

 
11

U.S. corporate public securities
1,399

 
47

 
8

 
—

 
114

 
3

 
1,521

 
50

U.S. corporate private securities
1,068

 
46

 
—

 
—

 
84

 
4

 
1,152

 
50

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments
463

 
17

 
6

 
—

 
26

 
1

 
495

 
18

Foreign corporate private securities
493

 
64

 
9

 
—

 
8

 
—

 
510

 
64

Residential mortgage-backed
967

 
32

 
6

 
—

 
81

 
2

 
1,054

 
34

Commercial mortgage-backed
756

 
10

 
18

 
—

 
86

 
1

 
860

 
11

Other asset-backed
374

 
3

 
4

 
—

* 
27

 
—

 
405

 
3

Total
$
6,042

 
$
230

 
$
57

 
$
—

 
$
476

 
$
13

 
$
6,575

 
$
243

* Less than $1.

Of the unrealized capital losses aged more than twelve months, the average market value of the related fixed maturities was 90.9% and 97.3% of the average book value as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.


 
28
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments) in fixed maturities, including securities pledged, for instances in which fair value declined below amortized cost by greater than or less than 20% for consecutive months as indicated in the tables below, were as follows as of the dates indicated:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
 
Number of Securities
 
< 20%
 
> 20%
 
< 20%
 
> 20%
 
< 20%
 
> 20%
June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months or less below amortized cost
$
14,320

 
$
155

 
$
369

 
$
43

 
1,826

 
19

More than six months and twelve months or less below amortized cost
2,865

 
4

 
161

 
1

 
537

 
4

More than twelve months below amortized cost
1,874

 
123

 
158

 
35

 
263

 
15

Total
$
19,059

 
$
282

 
$
688

 
$
79

 
2,626

 
38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months or less below amortized cost
$
6,126

 
$
196

 
$
148

 
$
82

 
1,098

 
38

More than six months and twelve months or less below amortized cost
48

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
14

 
—

More than twelve months below amortized cost
448

 
—

 
12

 
—

 
87

 
—

Total
$
6,622

 
$
196

 
$
161

 
$
82

 
1,199

 
38


 
29
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments) in fixed maturities, including securities pledged, by market sector for instances in which fair value declined below amortized cost by greater than or less than 20% were as follows as of the dates indicated:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
 
Number of Securities
 
< 20%
 
> 20%
 
< 20%
 
> 20%
 
< 20%
 
> 20%
June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasuries
$
153

 
$
—

 
$
4

 
$
—

 
25

 
—

State, municipalities and political subdivisions
778

 
—

 
21

 
—

 
160

 
—

U.S. corporate public securities
6,624

 
38

 
251

 
10

 
898

 
2

U.S. corporate private securities
2,964

 
94

 
115

 
26

 
217

 
2

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments
2,454

 
41

 
102

 
9

 
333

 
5

Foreign corporate private securities
1,974

 
93

 
77

 
28

 
126

 
4

Residential mortgage-backed
1,391

 
15

 
61

 
5

 
410

 
23

Commercial mortgage-backed
1,860

 
—

 
49

 
—

 
285

 
—

Other asset-backed
861

 
1

 
8

 
1

 
172

 
1

Total
$
19,059

 
$
282

 
$
688

 
$
79

 
2,626

 
38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasuries
$
183

 
$
—

 
$
2

 
$
—

 
29

 
—

State, municipalities and political subdivisions
408

 
—

 
11

 
—

 
103

 
—

U.S. corporate public securities
1,553

 
18

 
45

 
5

 
232

 
2

U.S. corporate private securities
1,129

 
73

 
28

 
22

 
73

 
2

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments
506

 
7

 
16

 
2

 
84

 
1

Foreign corporate private securities
490

 
84

 
16

 
48

 
35

 
6

Residential mortgage-backed
1,075

 
13

 
29

 
5

 
334

 
25

Commercial mortgage-backed
871

 
—

 
11

 
—

 
164

 
—

Other asset-backed
407

 
1

 
3

 
—

 
145

 
2

Total
$
6,622

 
$
196

 
$
161

 
$
82

 
1,199

 
38




 
30
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The following tables summarize loan-to-value, credit enhancement and fixed floating rate details for residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS") and Other ABS in a gross unrealized loss position as of the dates indicated:
 
Loan-to-Value Ratio
 
Amortized Cost
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
June 30, 2018
< 20%
 
> 20%
 
< 20%
 
> 20%
RMBS and Other ABS(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency RMBS > 100%
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Non-agency RMBS > 90% - 100%
—

 
—


—

 
—

Non-agency RMBS 80% - 90%
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Non-agency RMBS < 80%
485

 
—

 
10

 
—

Agency RMBS
920

 
15

 
51

 
5

Other ABS (Non-RMBS)
847

 
1

 
8

 
1

Total RMBS and Other ABS
$
2,252

 
$
16

 
$
69

 
$
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Enhancement Percentage
 
Amortized Cost
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
June 30, 2018
< 20%
 
> 20%
 
< 20%
 
> 20%
RMBS and Other ABS(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency RMBS 10% +
$
299

 
$
—

 
$
8

 
$
—

Non-agency RMBS > 5% - 10%
13

 
—

 
—

 
—

Non-agency RMBS > 0% - 5%
159

 
—

 
1

 
—

Non-agency RMBS 0%
14

 
—

 
1

 
—

Agency RMBS
920

 
15

 
51

 
5

Other ABS (Non-RMBS)
847

 
1

 
8

 
1

Total RMBS and Other ABS
$
2,252

 
$
16

 
$
69

 
$
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed Rate/Floating Rate
 
Amortized Cost
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
June 30, 2018
< 20%
 
> 20%
 
< 20%
 
> 20%
Fixed Rate
$
1,216

 
$
3

 
$
39

 
$
1

Floating Rate
1,036

 
13

 
30

 
5

Total
$
2,252

 
$
16

 
$
69

 
$
6

(1) For purposes of this table, subprime mortgages are included in Non-agency RMBS categories.




 
31
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

 
Loan-to-Value Ratio
 
Amortized Cost
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
December 31, 2017
< 20%
 
> 20%
 
< 20%
 
> 20%
RMBS and Other ABS(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-agency RMBS > 100%
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Non-agency RMBS > 90% - 100%
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Non-agency RMBS 80% - 90%
13

 
—

 
—

 
—

Non-agency RMBS < 80%
211

 
1

 
4

 
—

Agency RMBS
878

 
12

 
26

 
4

Other ABS (Non-RMBS)
380

 
1

 
2

 
1

Total RMBS and Other ABS
$
1,482

 
$
14

 
$
32

 
$
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Enhancement Percentage
 
Amortized Cost
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
December 31, 2017
< 20%
 
> 20%
 
< 20%
 
> 20%
RMBS and Other ABS(1)
 
 
 
Non-agency RMBS 10% +
$
162

 
$
—

 
$
2

 
$
—

Non-agency RMBS > 5% - 10%
11

 
—

 
—

 
—

Non-agency RMBS > 0% - 5%
25

 
1

 
1

 
—

Non-agency RMBS 0%
26

 
—

 
1

 
—

Agency RMBS
878

 
12

 
26

 
4

Other ABS (Non-RMBS)
380

 
1

 
2

 
1

Total RMBS and Other ABS
$
1,482

 
$
14

 
$
32

 
$
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed Rate/Floating Rate
 
Amortized Cost
 
Unrealized Capital Losses
December 31, 2017
< 20%
 
> 20%
 
< 20%
 
> 20%
Fixed Rate
$
1,104

 
$
6

 
$
20

 
$
2

Floating Rate
378

 
8

 
12

 
3

Total
$
1,482

 
$
14

 
$
32

 
$
5

(1) For purposes of this table, subprime mortgages are included in Non-agency RMBS categories.

Investments with fair values less than amortized cost are included in the Company's other-than-temporary impairments analysis. Impairments were recognized as disclosed in the "Evaluating Securities for Other-Than-Temporary Impairments" section below. The Company evaluates non-agency RMBS and ABS for "other-than-temporary impairments" each quarter based on actual and projected cash flows, after considering the quality and updated loan-to-value ratios reflecting current home prices of underlying collateral, forecasted loss severity, the payment priority within the tranche structure of the security and amount of any credit enhancements. The Company's assessment of current levels of cash flows compared to estimated cash flows at the time the securities were acquired (typically pre-2008) indicates the amount and the pace of projected cash flows from the underlying collateral has generally been lower and slower, respectively. However, since cash flows are typically projected at a trust level, the impairment review incorporates the security's position within the trust structure as well as credit enhancement remaining in the trust to determine whether an impairment is warranted. Therefore, while lower and slower cash flows will impact the trust, the effect on the valuation of a particular security within the trust will also be dependent upon the trust structure. Where the assessment continues to project full recovery of principal and interest on schedule, the Company has not recorded an impairment. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that the remaining investments in an unrealized loss position were not other-than-temporarily impaired and therefore no further other-than-temporary impairment was necessary.

 
32
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Troubled Debt Restructuring

The Company invests in high quality, well performing portfolios of commercial mortgage loans and private placements. Under certain circumstances, modifications are granted to these contracts. Each modification is evaluated as to whether a troubled debt restructuring has occurred. A modification is a troubled debt restructuring when the borrower is in financial difficulty and the creditor makes concessions. Generally, the types of concessions may include reducing the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as originally stated, reducing the contractual interest rate, extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than current market interest rates and/or reducing accrued interest. The Company considers the amount, timing and extent of the concession granted in determining any impairment or changes in the specific valuation allowance recorded in connection with the troubled debt restructuring. A valuation allowance may have been recorded prior to the quarter when the loan is modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Accordingly, the carrying value (net of the specific valuation allowance) before and after modification through a troubled debt restructuring may not change significantly, or may increase if the expected recovery is higher than the pre-modification recovery assessment. As of June 30, 2018, the Company did not have any new commercial mortgage loan or private placement troubled debt restructuring. As of December 31, 2017 the Company did not have any new commercial mortgage loan troubled debt restructuring and had one private placement troubled debt restructuring with a pre-modification and post-modification carrying value of $22.

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any commercial mortgage loans or private placements modified in a troubled debt restructuring with a subsequent payment default.

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
 
The Company's mortgage loans on real estate are all commercial mortgage loans held for investment, which are reported at amortized cost, less impairment write-downs and allowance for losses. The Company diversifies its commercial mortgage loan portfolio by geographic region and property type to reduce concentration risk. The Company manages risk when originating commercial mortgage loans by generally lending only up to 75% of the estimated fair value of the underlying real estate. Subsequently, the Company continuously evaluates mortgage loans based on relevant current information including a review of loan-specific credit quality, property characteristics and market trends. Loan performance is monitored on a loan specific basis through the review of submitted appraisals, operating statements, rent revenues and annual inspection reports, among other items. This review ensures properties are performing at a consistent and acceptable level to secure the debt. The components to evaluate debt service coverage are received and reviewed at least annually to determine the level of risk.

The following table summarizes the Company's investment in mortgage loans as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Impaired
 
Non Impaired
 
Total
 
Impaired
 
Non Impaired
 
Total
Commercial mortgage loans
$
4

 
$
8,902

 
$
8,906

 
$
4

 
$
8,685

 
$
8,689

Collective valuation allowance for losses
N/A

 
(2
)
 
(2
)
 
N/A

 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Total net commercial mortgage loans
$
4

 
$
8,900

 
$
8,904

 
$
4

 
$
8,682

 
$
8,686

N/A - Not Applicable

There were no impairments taken on the mortgage loan portfolio for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for losses for commercial mortgage loans for the periods indicated:
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Collective valuation allowance for losses, balance at January 1
$
3

 
$
3

Addition to (reduction of) allowance for losses
(1
)
 
—

Collective valuation allowance for losses, end of period
$
2

 
$
3



 
33
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The carrying values and unpaid principal balances of impaired mortgage loans were as follows as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Impaired loans without allowances for losses
$
4

 
$
4

Less: Allowances for losses on impaired loans
—

 
—

Impaired loans, net
$
4

 
$
4

Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans
$
6

 
$
6


As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company did not have any impaired loans with allowances for losses.
 
 
 
 
The Company defines delinquent mortgage loans consistent with industry practice as 60 days past due. The Company's policy is to recognize interest income until a loan becomes 90 days delinquent or foreclosure proceedings are commenced, at which point interest accrual is discontinued. Interest accrual is not resumed until the loan is brought current.

There were no mortgage loans in the Company's portfolio in process of foreclosure as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

There were no loans 30 days or less in arrears, with respect to principal and interest as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
 
The following table presents information on the average investment during the period in impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired and troubled debt restructured loans for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Impaired loans, average investment during the period (amortized cost) (1)
$
4

 
$
5

Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on an accrual basis (1)
—

 
—

Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on a cash basis (1)
—

 
—

Interest income recognized on troubled debt restructured loans, on an accrual basis
—

 
—

(1) Includes amounts for Troubled debt restructured loans.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Impaired loans, average investment during the period (amortized cost) (1)
$
4

 
$
5

Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on an accrual basis (1)
—

 
—

Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on a cash basis (1)
—

 
—

Interest income recognized on troubled debt restructured loans, on an accrual basis
—

 
—

(1) Includes amounts for Troubled debt restructured loans.

Loan-to-value ("LTV") and debt service coverage ("DSC") ratios are measures commonly used to assess the risk and quality of mortgage loans. The LTV ratio, calculated at time of origination, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of the loan relative to the value of the underlying property. A LTV ratio in excess of 100% indicates the unpaid loan amount exceeds the underlying collateral. The DSC ratio, based upon the most recently received financial statements, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of a property’s net income to its debt service payments. A DSC ratio of less than 1.0 indicates that a property’s operations do not generate sufficient income to cover debt payments. These ratios are utilized as part of the review process described above.


 
34
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The following table presents the LTV ratios as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018(1)
 
December 31, 2017(1)
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
 
 
 
0% - 50%
$
873

 
$
849

> 50% - 60%
2,164

 
2,125

> 60% - 70%
5,214

 
5,144

> 70% - 80%
622

 
551

> 80% and above
33

 
20

Total Commercial mortgage loans
$
8,906

 
$
8,689

(1) Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.

The following table presents the DSC ratios as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018 (1)
 
December 31, 2017 (1)
Debt Service Coverage Ratio:
 
 
 
Greater than 1.5x
$
7,105

 
$
7,013

> 1.25x - 1.5x
729

 
655

> 1.0x - 1.25x
922

 
893

Less than 1.0x
95

 
105

Commercial mortgage loans secured by land or construction loans
55

 
23

Total Commercial mortgage loans
$
8,906

 
$
8,689

(1) Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.

Properties collateralizing mortgage loans are geographically dispersed throughout the United States, as well as diversified by property type, as reflected in the following tables as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018 (1)
 
December 31, 2017 (1)
 
Gross Carrying Value
 
% of
Total
 
Gross Carrying Value
 
% of
Total
Commercial Mortgage Loans by U.S. Region:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pacific
$
2,134

 
24.0
%
 
$
2,024

 
23.4
%
South Atlantic
1,775

 
19.9
%
 
1,716

 
19.7
%
Middle Atlantic
1,545

 
17.3
%
 
1,612

 
18.5
%
West South Central
989

 
11.1
%
 
959

 
11.0
%
Mountain
948

 
10.6
%
 
859

 
9.9
%
East North Central
861

 
9.7
%
 
884

 
10.2
%
New England
156

 
1.8
%
 
161

 
1.8
%
West North Central
426

 
4.8
%
 
391

 
4.5
%
East South Central
72

 
0.8
%
 
83

 
1.0
%
Total Commercial mortgage loans
$
8,906

 
100.0
%
 
$
8,689

 
100.0
%
(1) Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.


 
35
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

 
June 30, 2018 (1)
 
December 31, 2017 (1)
 
Gross Carrying Value
 
% of
Total
 
Gross Carrying Value
 
% of
Total
Commercial Mortgage Loans by Property Type:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
$
2,572

 
28.9
%
 
$
2,587

 
29.7
%
Industrial
2,115

 
23.7
%
 
2,108

 
24.3
%
Apartments
2,037

 
22.9
%
 
1,849

 
21.3
%
Office
1,379

 
15.5
%
 
1,384

 
15.9
%
Hotel/Motel
306

 
3.4
%
 
309

 
3.6
%
Other
418

 
4.7
%
 
364

 
4.2
%
Mixed Use
79

 
0.9
%
 
88

 
1.0
%
Total Commercial mortgage loans
$
8,906

 
100.0
%
 
$
8,689

 
100.0
%
(1) Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.

The following table presents mortgages by year of origination as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018 (1)
 
December 31, 2017 (1)
Year of Origination:
 
 
 
2018
$
528

 
$
—

2017
1,556

 
1,525

2016
1,431

 
1,428

2015
1,198

 
1,250

2014
1,269

 
1,303

2013
1,236

 
1,287

2012 and prior
1,688

 
1,896

Total Commercial mortgage loans
$
8,906

 
$
8,689

(1) Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.

Evaluating Securities for Other-Than-Temporary Impairments

The Company performs a regular evaluation, on a security-by-security basis, of its available-for-sale securities holdings, including fixed maturity securities in accordance with its impairment policy in order to evaluate whether such investments are other-than-temporarily impaired.


 
36
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The following tables identify the Company's credit-related and intent-related impairments included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, excluding impairments included in Other comprehensive income (loss) by type for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Impairment
 
No. of
Securities
 
Impairment
 
No. of
Securities
State, municipalities and political subdivisions
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

*
3

U.S. corporate public securities
—

 
—

 
—

*
1

Foreign corporate private securities(1)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Residential mortgage-backed
1

 
18

 
1

 
15

Commercial mortgage-backed
—

 
—

 
—

*
1

Total
$
1

 
18

 
$
1

 
20

* Less than $1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Impairment
 
No. of
Securities
 
Impairment
 
No. of
Securities
State, municipalities and political subdivisions
$
—

 
—

 
$
1

 
3

U.S. corporate public securities
—

 
—

 
—

*
1

Foreign corporate private securities(1)
14

 
1

 
—

 
—

Residential mortgage-backed
1

 
25

 
1

 
34

Commercial mortgage-backed
—

 
—

 
1

 
3

Total
$
15

 
26

 
$
3

 
41

* Less than $1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

The above tables include $15 of write-downs related to credit impairments for the six months ended June 30, 2018 in Other-than-temporary impairments, which are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. There were immaterial write-downs related to credit impairments for the three months ended June 30, 2018. There were immaterial write-downs related to intent impairments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

The above tables include $2 of write-downs related to credit impairments for the six months ended June 30, 2017 in Other-than-temporary impairments, which are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. There were immaterial write-downs related to credit impairments for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The remaining $1 and $1 in write-downs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, are related to intent impairments.

 
37
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The following table summarizes these intent impairments, which are also recognized in earnings, by type for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Impairment
 
No. of
Securities
 
Impairment
 
No. of
Securities
U.S. corporate public securities
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

*
1

Residential mortgage-backed
—

*
2

 
1

 
1

Commercial mortgage-backed
—

 
—

 
—

*
1

Total
$
—

 
2

 
$
1

 
3

(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
* Less than $1
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
Impairment
 
No. of
Securities
 
Impairment
 
No. of
Securities
U.S. corporate public securities
$
—

 
—

 
$
—

*
1

Residential mortgage-backed
—

*
5

 
—

*
6

Commercial mortgage-backed
—

 
—

 
1

 
3

Total
$
—

 
5

 
$
1

 
10

* Less than $1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

The Company may sell securities during the period in which fair value has declined below amortized cost for fixed maturities. In certain situations, new factors, including changes in the business environment, can change the Company’s previous intent to continue holding a security. Accordingly, these factors may lead the Company to record additional intent related capital losses.


 
38
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The following table presents the amount of credit impairments on fixed maturities for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) and the corresponding changes in such amounts for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Balance at April 1
$
24

 
$
28

Additional credit impairments:
 
 
 
On securities previously impaired
—

 
—

Reductions:
 
 
 
Increase in cash flows
—

 
—

Securities sold, matured, prepaid or paid down
2

 
1

Balance at June 30
$
22

 
$
27

 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Balance at January 1
$
40

 
$
33

Additional credit impairments:
 
 
 
On securities previously impaired
—

 
—

Reductions:
 
 
 
Increase in cash flows
—

 
—

Securities sold, matured, prepaid or paid down
18

 
6

Balance at June 30
$
22

 
$
27


Net Investment Income

The following table summarizes Net investment income for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Fixed maturities
$
685

 
$
676

 
$
1,348

 
$
1,350

Equity securities
3

 
2

 
6

 
4

Mortgage loans on real estate
99

 
96

 
196

 
193

Policy loans
26

 
26

 
51

 
51

Short-term investments and cash equivalents
5

 
2

 
9

 
4

Other
11

 
43

 
60

 
101

Gross investment income
829

 
845

 
1,670

 
1,703

Less: investment expenses
16

 
13

 
34

 
28

Net investment income
$
813

 
$
832

 
$
1,636

 
$
1,675


As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $2 and $5, respectively, of investments in fixed maturities that did not produce net investment income. Fixed maturities are moved to a non-accrual status when the investment defaults.


 
39
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Interest income on fixed maturities is recorded when earned using an effective yield method, giving effect to amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts. Such interest income is recorded in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Net Realized Capital Gains (Losses)

Net realized capital gains (losses) comprise the difference between the amortized cost of investments and proceeds from sale and redemption, as well as losses incurred due to the credit-related and intent-related other-than-temporary impairment of investments. Realized investment gains and losses are also primarily generated from changes in fair value of embedded derivatives within products and fixed maturities, changes in fair value of fixed maturities recorded at FVO and changes in fair value including accruals on derivative instruments, except for effective cash flow hedges. Upon the adoption of ASU 2016-01 as of January 1, 2018, realized capital gains (losses) also include changes in fair value of equity securities. The cost of the investments on disposal is generally determined based on first-in-first-out ("FIFO") methodology.

Net realized capital gains (losses) were as follows for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, including securities pledged
$
—

 
$
14

Fixed maturities, at fair value option
(143
)
 
(27
)
Equity securities
1

 
—

Derivatives
15

 
(3
)
Embedded derivatives - fixed maturities
(5
)
 
(4
)
Guaranteed benefit derivatives
15

 
(9
)
Other investments
(3
)
 
4

Net realized capital gains (losses)
$
(120
)
 
$
(25
)
After-tax net realized capital gains (losses)
$
(94
)
 
$
(9
)
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, including securities pledged
$
(40
)
 
$
(19
)
Fixed maturities, at fair value option
(333
)
 
(110
)
Equity securities
(2
)
 
—

Derivatives
32

 
36

Embedded derivatives - fixed maturities
(12
)
 
(9
)
Guaranteed benefit derivatives
43

 
(14
)
Other investments
11

 
5

Net realized capital gains (losses)
$
(301
)
 
$
(111
)
After-tax net realized capital gains (losses)
$
(237
)
 
$
(65
)

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the change in the fair value of equity securities still held as of June 30, 2018 was $1 and $(2), respectively.


 
40
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Proceeds from the sale of fixed maturities and equity securities, available-for-sale and the related gross realized gains and losses, before tax, were as follows for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Proceeds on sales
$
2,222

 
$
1,954

 
$
3,802

 
$
2,376

Gross gains
21

 
36

 
32

 
31

Gross losses
31

 
13

 
57

 
31


4.    Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company enters into the following types of derivatives:

Interest rate caps and floors: The Company uses interest rate cap contracts to hedge the interest rate exposure arising from duration mismatches between assets and liabilities. Interest rate caps are also used to hedge interest rate exposure if rates rise above a specified level. The Company uses interest rate floor contracts to hedge interest rate exposure if rates decrease below a specified level. The Company pays an upfront premium to purchase these caps and floors. The Company utilizes these contracts in non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Interest rate swaps: Interest rate swaps are used by the Company primarily to reduce market risks from changes in interest rates and to alter interest rate exposure arising from mismatches between assets and/or liabilities. Interest rate swaps are also used to hedge the interest rate risk associated with the value of assets it owns or in an anticipation of acquiring them. Using interest rate swaps, the Company agrees with another party to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed rate and floating rate interest payments, calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional principal amount. These transactions are entered into pursuant to master agreements that provide for a single net payment to be made to/from the counterparty at each due date. The Company utilizes these contracts in qualifying hedging relationships as well as non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Foreign exchange swaps: The Company uses foreign exchange or currency swaps to reduce the risk of change in the value, yield or cash flows associated with certain foreign denominated invested assets. Foreign exchange swaps represent contracts that require the exchange of foreign currency cash flows against U.S. dollar cash flows at regular periods, typically quarterly or semi-annually. The Company utilizes these contracts in qualifying hedging relationships as well as non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Credit default swaps: Credit default swaps are used to reduce credit loss exposure with respect to certain assets that the Company owns or to assume credit exposure on certain assets that the Company does not own. Payments are made to, or received from, the counterparty at specified intervals. In the event of a default on the underlying credit exposure, the Company will either receive a payment (purchased credit protection) or will be required to make a payment (sold credit protection) equal to the par minus recovery value of the swap contract. The Company utilizes these contracts in non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Total return swaps: The Company uses total return swaps as a hedge against a decrease in variable annuity account values, which are invested in certain indices. Using total return swaps, the Company agrees with another party to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between the economic risk and reward of assets or a market index and the LIBOR rate, calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional principal amount. No cash is exchanged at the onset of the contracts. Cash is paid and received over the life of the contract based upon the terms of the swaps. The Company utilizes these contracts in non-qualifying hedging relationships.
 
Currency forwards: The Company utilizes currency forward contracts to hedge currency exposure related to its invested assets. The Company utilizes these contracts in non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Forwards: The Company uses forward contracts to hedge certain invested assets against movement in interest rates, particularly mortgage rates. The Company uses To Be Announced mortgage-backed securities as an economic hedge against rate movements. The Company utilizes forward contracts in non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Futures: Futures contracts are used to hedge against a decrease in certain equity indices. Such decreases may correlate to a decrease in variable annuity account values which would increase the possibility of the Company incurring an expense for guaranteed

 
41
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

benefits in excess of account values. The Company also uses interest rate futures contracts to hedge its exposure to market risks due to changes in interest rates. The Company enters into exchange traded futures with regulated futures commissions that are members of the exchange. The Company also posts initial and variation margins, with the exchange, on a daily basis. The Company utilizes exchange-traded futures in non-qualifying hedging relationships. The Company may also use futures contracts as a hedge against an increase in certain equity indices. Such increases may result in increased payments to the holders of fixed index annuity ("FIA") contracts.

Swaptions: A swaption is an option to enter into a swap with a forward starting effective date. The Company uses swaptions to hedge the interest rate exposure associated with the minimum crediting rate and book value guarantees embedded in the retirement products that the Company offers. Increases in interest rates will generate losses on assets that are backing such liabilities. In certain instances, the Company locks in the economic impact of existing purchased swaptions by entering into offsetting written swaptions. The Company pays a premium when it purchases the swaption. The Company utilizes these contracts in non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Options: The Company uses equity options to hedge against an increase in various equity indices, and interest rate options to hedge against an increase in the interest rate benchmarked crediting strategies within FIA contracts. Such increases may result in increased payments to the holders of the FIA and IUL contracts. The Company pays an upfront premium to purchase these options. The Company utilizes these options in non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Currency Options:  The Company uses currency option contracts to hedge currency exposure related to its invested assets. The Company utilizes these contracts in non-qualifying hedging relationships.

Managed custody guarantees ("MCGs"): The Company issues certain credited rate guarantees on variable fixed income portfolios that represent stand-alone derivatives. The market value is partially determined by, among other things, levels of or changes in interest rates, prepayment rates and credit ratings/spreads.

Embedded derivatives: The Company also invests in certain fixed maturity instruments and has issued certain products that contain embedded derivatives for which market value is at least partially determined by, among other things, levels of or changes in domestic and/or foreign interest rates (short-term or long-term), exchange rates, prepayment rates, equity rates or credit ratings/spreads. In addition, the Company has entered into coinsurance with funds withheld arrangements, which contain embedded derivatives.

The Company's use of derivatives is limited mainly to economic hedging to reduce the Company's exposure to cash flow variability of assets and liabilities, interest rate risk, credit risk, exchange rate risk and equity market risk. It is the Company's policy not to offset amounts recognized for derivative instruments and amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral arising from derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement, which provides the Company with the legal right of offset. However, in accordance with the Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("CME") rule changes related to the variation margin payments, effective the first quarter of 2017, the Company is required to adjust the derivative balances with the variation margin payments related to its cleared derivatives executed through CME.


 
42
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The notional amounts and fair values of derivatives were as follows as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Notional
Amount
 
Asset
Fair
Value
 
Liability
Fair
Value
 
Notional
Amount
 
Asset
Fair
Value
 
Liability
Fair
Value
Derivatives: Qualifying for hedge accounting(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
56

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
56

 
$
—

 
$
—

Foreign exchange contracts
700

 
3

 
51

 
625

 
—

 
60

Derivatives: Non-qualifying for hedge accounting(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
25,621

 
186

 
51

 
27,482

 
173

 
58

Foreign exchange contracts
51

 
3

 
—

 
85

 
—

 
2

Equity contracts
1,640

 
166

 
10

 
1,526

 
198

 
19

Credit contracts
1,708

 
18

 
5

 
1,983

 
26

 
10

Embedded derivatives and Managed custody guarantees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Within fixed maturity investments
N/A

 
25

 
—

 
N/A

 
37

 
—

Within products
N/A

 
—

 
245

 
N/A

 
—

 
306

Within reinsurance agreements
N/A

 
—

 
38

 
N/A

 
—

 
129

Total
 
 
$
401

 
$
400

 
 
 
$
434

 
$
584

(1) Open derivative contracts are reported as Derivatives assets or liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value.
N/A - Not Applicable
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Based on the notional amounts, a substantial portion of the Company’s derivative positions was not designated or did not qualify for hedge accounting as part of a hedging relationship as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company utilizes derivative contracts mainly to hedge exposure to variability in cash flows, interest rate risk, credit risk, foreign exchange risk and equity market risk. The majority of derivatives used by the Company are designated as product hedges, which hedge the exposure arising from insurance liabilities or guarantees embedded in the contracts the Company offers through various product lines. These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting as they do not meet the criteria of being "highly effective" as outlined in ASC Topic 815, but do provide an economic hedge, which is in line with the Company’s risk management objectives. The Company also uses derivatives contracts to hedge its exposure to various risks associated with the investment portfolio. The Company does not seek hedge accounting treatment for certain of these derivatives as they generally do not qualify for hedge accounting due to the criteria required under the portfolio hedging rules outlined in ASC Topic 815. The Company also uses credit default swaps coupled with other investments in order to produce the investment characteristics of otherwise permissible investments that do not qualify as effective accounting hedges under ASC Topic 815.


 
43
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Although the Company has not elected to net its derivative exposures, the notional amounts and fair values of Over-The-Counter ("OTC") and cleared derivatives excluding exchange traded contracts and forward contracts (To Be Announced mortgage-backed securities) are presented in the tables below as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018
 
Notional Amount
 
Asset Fair Value
 
Liability Fair Value
Credit contracts
$
1,708

 
$
18

 
$
5

Equity contracts
1,479

 
166

 
10

Foreign exchange contracts
751

 
6

 
51

Interest rate contracts
21,782

 
186

 
51

 
 
 
376

 
117

Counterparty netting(1)
 
 
(71
)
 
(71
)
Cash collateral netting(1)
 
 
(268
)
 
—

Securities collateral netting(1)
 
 
(25
)
 
(41
)
Net receivables/payables
 
 
$
12

 
$
5

(1) Represents the netting of receivable balances with payable balances, net of collateral, for the same counterparty under eligible netting agreements.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
Notional Amount
 
Asset Fair Value
 
Liability Fair Value
Credit contracts
$
1,983

 
$
26

 
$
10

Equity contracts
1,382

 
197

 
19

Foreign exchange contracts
710

 
—

 
62

Interest rate contracts
24,490

 
173

 
57

 
 
 
396

 
148

Counterparty netting(1)
 
 
(100
)
 
(100
)
Cash collateral netting(1)
 
 
(251
)
 
—

Securities collateral netting(1)
 
 
(37
)
 
(40
)
Net receivables/payables
 
 
$
8

 
$
8

(1) Represents the netting of receivable balances with payable balances, net of collateral, for the same counterparty under eligible netting agreements.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateral

Under the terms of the OTC Derivative International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. ("ISDA") agreements, the Company may receive from, or deliver to, counterparties collateral to assure that terms of the ISDA agreements will be met with regard to the Credit Support Annex ("CSA"). The terms of the CSA call for the Company to pay interest on any cash received equal to the Federal Funds rate. To the extent cash collateral is received and delivered, it is included in Payables under securities loan agreements, including collateral held and Short-term investments under securities loan agreements, including collateral delivered, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and is reinvested in short-term investments. Collateral held is used in accordance with the CSA to satisfy any obligations. Investment grade bonds owned by the Company are the source of noncash collateral posted, which is reported in Securities pledged on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2018, the Company held $148 and $128 of net cash collateral related to OTC derivative contracts and cleared derivative contracts, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the Company held $174 and $73 of net cash collateral related to OTC derivative contracts and cleared derivative contracts, respectively. In addition, as of June 30, 2018, the Company delivered $255 of securities and held $25 of securities as collateral. As of December 31, 2017, the Company delivered $233 of securities and held $38 of securities as collateral.



 
44
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Net realized gains (losses) on derivatives were as follows for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Derivatives: Qualifying for hedge accounting(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts
$
2

 
$
1

 
$
4

 
$
21

Derivatives: Non-qualifying for hedge accounting(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
12

 
(6
)
 
33

 
(8
)
Foreign exchange contracts
5

 
—

 
3

 
(3
)
Equity contracts
(5
)
 
(5
)
 
(9
)
 
15

Credit contracts
1

 
7

 
1

 
11

Embedded derivatives and Managed custody guarantees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Within fixed maturity investments(2)
(5
)
 
(4
)
 
(12
)
 
(9
)
Within products(2)
15

 
(9
)
 
43

 
(14
)
Within reinsurance agreements(3)
33

 
(31
)
 
88

 
(35
)
Total
$
58

 
$
(46
)
 
$
151

 
$
(22
)
(1) Changes in value for effective fair value hedges are recorded in Other net realized capital gains (losses). Changes in fair value upon disposal for effective cash flow hedges are amortized through Net investment income and the ineffective portion is recorded in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, ineffective amounts were immaterial.
(2) Changes in value are included in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3) Changes in value are included in Policyholder benefits in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Default Swaps

The Company has entered into various credit default swaps. When credit default swaps are sold, the Company assumes credit exposure to certain assets that it does not own. Credit default swaps may also be purchased to reduce credit exposure in the Company’s portfolio. Credit default swaps involve a transfer of credit risk from one party to another in exchange for periodic payments. As of June 30, 2018, the fair values of credit default swaps of $18 and $5 were included in Derivatives assets and Derivatives liabilities, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2017, the fair values of credit default swaps of $26 and $10 were included in Derivatives assets and Derivatives liabilities, respectively, on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2018, the maximum potential future net exposure to the Company was $1.4 billion on credit default swap protection sold. As of December 31, 2017, the maximum potential future net exposure to the Company was $1.5 billion on credit default swap protection sold. These instruments are typically written for a maturity period of 5 years and contain no recourse provisions. If the Company's current debt and claims paying ratings were downgraded in the future, the terms in the Company's derivative agreements may be triggered, which could negatively impact overall liquidity.


 
45
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

5.    Fair Value Measurements (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities)

Fair Value Measurement

The Company categorizes its financial instruments into a three-level hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, pursuant to ASU 2011-04, "Fair Value Measurements (ASC Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP" ("ASU 2011-04"). The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the category level is based on the lowest priority level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.

When available, the estimated fair value of financial instruments is based on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and regularly obtainable. When quoted prices in active markets are not available, the determination of estimated fair value is based on market standard valuation methodologies, including discounted cash flow methodologies, matrix pricing or other similar techniques.


 
46
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The following table presents the Company’s hierarchy for its assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2018:
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasuries
$
1,644

 
$
532

 
$
—

 
$
2,176

U.S. Government agencies and authorities
—

 
243

 
—

 
243

State, municipalities and political subdivisions
—

 
1,659

 
—

 
1,659

U.S. corporate public securities
—

 
20,533

 
44

 
20,577

U.S. corporate private securities
—

 
4,976

 
1,285

 
6,261

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
—

 
5,388

 
12

 
5,400

Foreign corporate private securities(1)
—

 
5,018

 
234

 
5,252

Residential mortgage-backed securities
—

 
4,649

 
43

 
4,692

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
—

 
2,906

 
26

 
2,932

Other asset-backed securities
—

 
1,725

 
164

 
1,889

Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged
1,644

 
47,629

 
1,808

 
51,081

Equity securities
167

 
—

 
105

 
272

Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
—

 
186

 
—

 
186

Foreign exchange contracts
—

 
6

 
—

 
6

Equity contracts
—

 
28

 
138

 
166

Credit contracts
—

 
16

 
2

 
18

Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and short-term investments under securities loan agreements
3,280

 
34

 
1

 
3,315

Assets held in separate accounts
73,113

 
5,491

 
38

 
78,642

Total assets
$
78,204

 
$
53,390

 
$
2,092

 
$
133,686

Percentage of Level to total
58
%
 
40
%
 
2
%
 
100
%
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FIA
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
34

 
$
34

IUL
—

 
—

 
142

 
142

GMWBL/GMWB/GMAB(2)
—

 
—

 
6

 
6

Stabilizer and MCGs
—

 
—

 
63

 
63

Other derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
—

 
51

 
—

 
51

Foreign exchange contracts
—

 
51

 
—

 
51

Equity contracts
1

 
9

 
—

 
10

Credit contracts
—

 
5

 
—

 
5

Embedded derivative on reinsurance
—

 
38

 
—

 
38

Total liabilities
$
1

 
$
154

 
$
245

 
$
400

(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
(2) Guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits with life payouts ("GMWBL"), Guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits ("GMWB") and Guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits ("GMAB").

 
47
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents the Company’s hierarchy for its assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017:
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasuries
$
1,921

 
$
601

 
$
—

 
$
2,522

U.S. Government agencies and authorities
—

 
275

 
—

 
275

State, municipalities and political subdivisions
—

 
1,913

 
—

 
1,913

U.S. corporate public securities
—

 
23,201

 
57

 
23,258

U.S. corporate private securities
—

 
4,706

 
1,127

 
5,833

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
—

 
5,705

 
11

 
5,716

Foreign corporate private securities(1)
—

 
4,992

 
169

 
5,161

Residential mortgage-backed securities
—

 
4,482

 
42

 
4,524

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
—

 
2,687

 
17

 
2,704

Other asset-backed securities
—

 
1,436

 
92

 
1,528

Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged
1,921

 
49,998

 
1,515

 
53,434

Equity securities, available-for-sale
278

 
—

 
102

 
380

Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
—

 
173

 
—

 
173

Equity contracts
—

 
44

 
154

 
198

Credit contracts
—

 
21

 
5

 
26

Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and short-term investments under securities loan agreements
3,277

 
38

 
—

 
3,315

Assets held in separate accounts
72,535

 
5,059

 
11

 
77,605

Total assets
$
78,011

 
$
55,333

 
$
1,787

 
$
135,131

Percentage of Level to total
58
%
 
41
%
 
1
%
 
100
%
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FIA
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
40

 
$
40

IUL
—

 
—

 
159

 
159

GMWBL/GMWB/GMAB
—

 
—

 
10

 
10

Stabilizer and MCGs
—

 
—

 
97

 
97

Other derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
—

 
58

 
—

 
58

Foreign exchange contracts
—

 
62

 
—

 
62

Equity contracts
—

 
19

 
—

 
19

Credit contracts
—

 
10

 
—

 
10

Embedded derivative on reinsurance
—

 
129

 
—

 
129

Total liabilities
$
—

 
$
278

 
$
306

 
$
584

(1)Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

 
48
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 


Valuation of Financial Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at estimated fair value on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The exit price and the transaction (or entry) price will be the same at initial recognition in many circumstances. However, in certain cases, the transaction price may not represent fair value. The fair value of a liability is based on the amount that would be paid to transfer a liability to a third-party with an equal credit standing. Fair value is required to be a market-based measurement that is determined based on a hypothetical transaction at the measurement date, from a market participant’s perspective. The Company considers three broad valuation approaches when a quoted price is unavailable: (i) the market approach, (ii) the income approach and (iii) the cost approach. The Company determines the most appropriate valuation technique to use, given the instrument being measured and the availability of sufficient inputs. The Company prioritizes the inputs to fair valuation approaches and allows for the use of unobservable inputs to the extent that observable inputs are not available.

The Company utilizes a number of valuation methodologies to determine the fair values of its financial assets and liabilities in conformity with the concepts of exit price and the fair value hierarchy as prescribed in ASC Topic 820. Valuations are obtained from third-party commercial pricing services, brokers and industry-standard, vendor-provided software that models the value based on market observable inputs. The valuations obtained from third-party commercial pricing services are non-binding. The Company reviews the assumptions and inputs used by third-party commercial pricing services for each reporting period in order to determine an appropriate fair value hierarchy level. The documentation and analysis obtained from third-party commercial pricing services are reviewed by the Company, including in-depth validation procedures confirming the observability of inputs. The valuations are reviewed and validated monthly through the internal valuation committee price variance review, comparisons to internal pricing models, back testing to recent trades or monitoring of trading volumes.

Fixed maturities: The fair values for actively traded marketable bonds are determined based upon the quoted market prices and are classified as Level 1 assets. Assets in this category primarily include certain U.S. Treasury securities.

For fixed maturities classified as Level 2 assets, fair values are determined using a matrix-based market approach, based on prices obtained from third-party commercial pricing services and the Company’s matrix and analytics-based pricing models, which in each case incorporate a variety of market observable information as valuation inputs. The market observable inputs used for these fair value measurements, by fixed maturity asset class, are as follows:

U.S. Treasuries: Fair value is determined using third-party commercial pricing services, with the primary inputs being stripped interest and principal U.S. Treasury yield curves that represent a U.S. Treasury zero-coupon curve.

U.S. government agencies and authorities, State, municipalities and political subdivisions: Fair value is determined using third-party commercial pricing services, with the primary inputs being U.S. Treasury yield curves, trades of comparable securities, credit spreads off benchmark yields and issuer ratings.

U.S. corporate public securities, Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments: Fair value is determined using third-party commercial pricing services, with the primary inputs being benchmark yields, trades of comparable securities, issuer ratings, bids and credit spreads off benchmark yields.

U.S. corporate private securities and Foreign corporate private securities: Fair values are determined using a matrix and analytics-based pricing model. The model incorporates the current level of risk-free interest rates, current corporate credit spreads, credit quality of the issuer and cash flow characteristics of the security. The model also considers a liquidity spread, the value of any collateral, the capital structure of the issuer, the presence of guarantees, and prices and quotes for comparably rated publicly traded securities.

RMBS, CMBS and ABS: Fair value is determined using third-party commercial pricing services, with the primary inputs being credit spreads off benchmark yields, prepayment speed assumptions, current and forecasted loss severity, debt service coverage ratios, collateral type, payment priority within tranche and the vintage of the loans underlying the security.


 
49
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Generally, the Company does not obtain more than one vendor price from pricing services per instrument. The Company uses a hierarchy process in which prices are obtained from a primary vendor and, if that vendor is unable to provide the price, the next vendor in the hierarchy is contacted until a price is obtained or it is determined that a price cannot be obtained from a commercial pricing service. When a price cannot be obtained from a commercial pricing service, independent broker quotes are solicited. Securities priced using independent broker quotes are classified as Level 3.

Broker quotes and prices obtained from pricing services are reviewed and validated through an internal valuation committee price variance review, comparisons to internal pricing models, back testing to recent trades or monitoring of trading volumes. After review, for those instruments where the price is determined to be appropriate, the unadjusted price provided is used for financial statement valuation. If it is determined that the price is questionable, another price may be requested from a different vendor. The internal valuation committee then reviews all prices for the instrument again, along with information from the review, to determine which price best represents exit price for the instrument.

Fair values of privately placed bonds are determined primarily using a matrix-based pricing model and are generally classified as Level 2 assets. The model considers the current level of risk-free interest rates, current corporate spreads, the credit quality of the issuer and cash flow characteristics of the security. Also considered are factors such as the net worth of the borrower, the value of collateral, the capital structure of the borrower, the presence of guarantees and the Company’s evaluation of the borrower’s ability to compete in its relevant market. Using this data, the model generates estimated market values, which the Company considers reflective of the fair value of each privately placed bond.

Equity securities Fair values of publicly traded equity securities are based upon quoted market price and are classified as Level 1 assets. Other equity securities, typically private equities or equity securities not traded on an exchange, are valued by other sources such as analytics or brokers and are classified as Level 2 or Level 3 assets.

Derivatives: Derivatives are carried at fair value, which is determined using the Company’s derivative accounting system in conjunction with observable key financial data from third-party sources, such as yield curves, exchange rates, S&P 500 Index prices, London Interbank Offered Rates ("LIBOR") and Overnight Index Swap ("OIS") rates.The Company uses OIS for valuations of collateralized interest rate derivatives, which are obtained from third-party sources. For those derivatives that are unable to be valued by the accounting system, the Company typically utilizes values established by third-party brokers. Counterparty credit risk is considered and incorporated in the Company’s valuation process through counterparty credit rating requirements and monitoring of overall exposure. It is the Company’s policy to transact only with investment grade counterparties with a credit rating of A- or better. The Company’s nonperformance risk is also considered and incorporated in the Company’s valuation process. Valuations for the Company’s futures and interest rate forward contracts are based on unadjusted quoted prices from an active exchange and, therefore, are classified as Level 1. The Company also has certain credit default swaps and options that are priced by third party vendors or by using models that primarily use market observable inputs, but contain inputs that are not observable to market participants, which have been classified as Level 3. The remaining derivative instruments are valued based on market observable inputs and are classified as Level 2.

Cash and cash equivalents, Short-term investments and Short-term investments under securities loan agreement: The carrying amounts for cash reflect the assets’ fair values. The fair values for cash equivalents and most short-term investments are determined based on quoted market prices. These assets are classified as Level 1. Other short-term investments are valued and classified in the fair value hierarchy consistent with the policies described herein, depending on investment type.

Assets held in separate accounts: Assets held in separate accounts are reported at the quoted fair values of the underlying investments in the separate accounts. The underlying investments include mutual funds, short-term investments and cash, the valuations of which are based upon a quoted market price and are included in Level 1. Fixed maturity valuations are obtained from third-party commercial pricing services and brokers and are classified in the fair value hierarchy consistent with the policy described above for fixed maturities.

Guaranteed benefit derivatives: The Company records reserves for annuity contracts containing GMWBL, GMWB and GMAB riders. The guarantee is an embedded derivative and is required to be accounted for separately from the host variable annuity contract. The fair value of the obligation is calculated based on actuarial and capital market assumptions related to the projected cash flows, including benefits and related contract charges, over the anticipated life of the related contracts. The cash flow estimates

 
50
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

are produced by using stochastic techniques under a variety of market return scenarios and other market implied assumptions. These derivatives are classified as Level 3 liabilities in the fair value hierarchy.

The index-crediting feature in the Company's FIA and IUL contracts is an embedded derivative that is required to be accounted for separately from the host contract. The fair value of the obligation is calculated based on actuarial and capital market assumptions related to the projected cash flows, including benefits and related contract charges, over the anticipated life of the related contracts for FIAs and over the current indexed term for IULs. The cash flow estimates are produced by market implied assumptions. These derivatives are classified as Level 3 liabilities in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company records reserves for Stabilizer and MCG contracts containing guaranteed credited rates. The guarantee is treated as an embedded derivative or a stand-alone derivative (depending on the underlying product) and is required to be reported at fair value. The estimated fair value is determined based on the present value of projected future claims, minus the present value of future guaranteed premiums. At inception of the contract, the Company projects a guaranteed premium to be equal to the present value of the projected future claims. The income associated with the contracts is projected using relevant actuarial and capital market assumptions, including benefits and related contract charges, over the anticipated life of the related contracts. The cash flow estimates are produced by using stochastic techniques under a variety of risk neutral scenarios and other market implied assumptions. These derivatives are classified as Level 3 liabilities.

The discount rate used to determine the fair value of the Company's GMAB, GMWB, GMWBL, FIA, IUL and Stabilizer embedded derivative liabilities and the stand-alone derivative for MCG includes an adjustment to reflect the risk that these obligations will not be fulfilled ("nonperformance risk"). The nonperformance risk adjustment incorporates a blend of observable, similarly rated peer holding company credit default swap spreads, adjusted to reflect the credit quality of the individual insurance subsidiary that issued the guarantee, as well as an adjustment to reflect the priority of policyholder claims.

The Company's valuation actuaries are responsible for the policies and procedures for valuing the embedded derivatives, reflecting the capital markets and actuarial valuation inputs and nonperformance risk in the estimate of the fair value of the embedded derivatives. The actuarial and capital market assumptions for each liability are approved by each product's Chief Risk Officer ("CRO"), including an independent annual review by the CRO. Models used to value the embedded derivatives must comply with the Company's governance policies.

Quarterly, an attribution analysis is performed to quantify changes in fair value measurements and a sensitivity analysis is used to analyze the changes. The changes in fair value measurements are also compared to corresponding movements in the hedge target to assess the validity of the attributions. The results of the attribution analysis are reviewed by the valuation actuaries, responsible CFOs, Controllers, CROs and/or others as nominated by management.

Embedded derivatives on reinsurance: The carrying value of embedded derivatives is estimated based upon the change in the fair value of the assets supporting the funds withheld payable under reinsurance agreements. The fair value of the embedded derivative is based on market observable inputs and is classified as Level 2.

Transfers in and out of Level 1 and 2

There were no securities transferred between Level 1 and Level 2 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The Company's policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out as of the beginning of the reporting period.

Level 3 Financial Instruments

The fair values of certain assets and liabilities are determined using prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement (i.e., Level 3 as defined by ASC Topic 820), including but not limited to liquidity spreads for investments within markets deemed not currently active. These valuations, whether derived internally or obtained from a third-party, use critical assumptions that are not widely available to estimate market participant expectations in valuing the asset or liability. In addition, the Company has determined, for certain financial instruments, an active market is such a significant input to determine fair value that the presence of an inactive market may lead to classification in Level 3. In light of the methodologies employed to obtain the fair values of financial assets and liabilities classified as Level 3, additional information is presented below.

 
51
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The following tables summarize the change in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 assets and liabilities and transfers in and out of Level 3 for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Fair Value as of April 1
 
Total
Realized/Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Included in:
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 

Settlements
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(3)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(3)
 
Fair Value as of June 30
 
Change In
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Included in
Earnings(4)
 
 
Net
Income
 
OCI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate public securities
$
36

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
3

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
5

 
$
—

 
$
44

 
$
—

U.S. corporate private securities
1,148

 
7

 
(13
)
 
169

 
—

 
(8
)
 
(36
)
 
18

 
—

 
1,285

 
—

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
12

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12

 
—

Foreign corporate private securities(1)
179

 
8

 
(5
)
 
122

 
—

 
(70
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
234

 
—

Residential mortgage-backed securities
98

 
(2
)
 
(1
)
 
11

 
—

 
(40
)
 
—

 
—

 
(23
)
 
43

 
(2
)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
8

 
—

 
—

 
18

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
26

 
—

Other asset-backed securities
199

 
—

 
(2
)
 
71

 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
32

 
(134
)
 
164

 
—

Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged
1,680

 
13

 
(21
)
 
394

 
—

 
(118
)
 
(38
)
 
55

 
(157
)
 
1,808

 
(2
)

 
52
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 (continued)
 
Fair Value as of April 1
 
Total
Realized/Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Included in:
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 

Settlements
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(3)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(3)
 
Fair Value as of June 30
 
Change In
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Included in
Earnings(4)
 
 
Net
Income
 
OCI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
$
99

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
7

 
$
—

 
$
(2
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
105

 
$
1

Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FIA(2)
(37
)
 
(4
)
 
—

 
—

 
3

 
—

 
4

 
—

 
—

 
(34
)
 
—

IUL(2)
(150
)
 
3

 
—

 
—

 
(14
)
 
—

 
19

 
—

 
—

 
(142
)
 
—

GMWBL/GMWB/GMAB(2)
(8
)
 
3

 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6
)
 
—

Stabilizer and MCGs (2)
(77
)
 
13

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
(63
)
 
—

Other derivatives, net
151

 
(6
)
 
—

 
10

 
—

 
—

 
(15
)
 
—

 
—

 
140

 
(11
)
Assets held in separate accounts (5)
11

 
—

 
—

 
27

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
38

 
—

(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
(2) All gains and losses on Level 3 liabilities are classified as realized gains (losses) for the purpose of this disclosure because it is impracticable to track realized and unrealized gains (losses) separately on a contract-by contract basis.
These amounts are included in Other net realized gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3) The Company's policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out as of the beginning of the reporting period.
(4) For financial instruments still held as of June 30, amounts are included in Net investment income and Total net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(5) The investment income and realized gains (losses) and change in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income for separate account assets are offset by an equal amount for separate account liabilities, which results in a net zero impact on Net income (loss) for the Company.










 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



 
53
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Fair Value as of January 1
 
Total
Realized/Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Included in:
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 

Settlements
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(3)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(3)
 
Fair Value as of June 30
 
Change In
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Included in
Earnings(4)
 
 
Net
Income
 
OCI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate public securities
$
57

 
$
—

 
$
(1
)
 
$
9

 
$
—

 
$
(13
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(8
)
 
$
44

 
$
—

U.S. corporate private securities
1,127

 
7

 
(39
)
 
200

 
—

 
(8
)
 
(42
)
 
40

 
—

 
1,285

 
—

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
11

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12

 
—

Foreign corporate private securities(1)
169

 
(6
)
 
18

 
123

 
—

 
(70
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
234

 
(13
)
Residential mortgage-backed securities
42

 
(5
)
 
(1
)
 
12

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5
)
 
43

 
(5
)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
17

 
—

 
—

 
26

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(17
)
 
26

 
—

Other asset-backed securities
92

 
—

 
(3
)
 
89

 
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
35

 
(46
)
 
164

 
—

Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged
1,515

 
(4
)
 
(25
)
 
459

 
—

 
(91
)
 
(45
)
 
75

 
(76
)
 
1,808

 
(18
)

 
54
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 (continued)
 
Fair Value as of January 1
 
Total
Realized/Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Included in:
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 

Settlements
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(3)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(3)
 
Fair Value as of June 30
 
Change In
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Included in
Earnings(4)
 
 
Net
Income
 
OCI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities, available-for-sale
$
102

 
$
(2
)
 
$
—

 
$
7

 
$
—

 
$
(2
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
105

 
$
(2
)
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FIA(2)
(40
)
 
(4
)
 
—

 
—

 
3

 
—

 
7

 
—

 
—

 
(34
)
 
—

IUL(2)
(159
)
 
7

 
—

 
—

 
(26
)
 
—

 
36

 
—

 
—

 
(142
)
 
—

GMWBL/GMWB/GMAB(2)
(10
)
 
5

 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6
)
 
—

Stabilizer and MCGs(2)
(97
)
 
35

 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
(63
)
 
—

Other derivatives, net
159

 
(8
)
 
—

 
20

 
—

 
—

 
(31
)
 
—

 
—

 
140

 
(19
)
Assets held in separate accounts(5)
11

 
—

 
—

 
27

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
38

 
—

(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
(2) All gains and losses on Level 3 liabilities are classified as realized gains (losses) for the purpose of this disclosure because it is impracticable to track realized and unrealized gains (losses) separately on a contract-by contract basis.
These amounts are included in Other net realized gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3) The Company's policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out as of the beginning of the reporting period.
(4) For financial instruments still held as of June 30, amounts are included in Net investment income and Total net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(5) The investment income and realized gains (losses) and change in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income for separate account assets are offset by an equal amount for separate account liabilities, which results in a net zero impact on Net income (loss) for the Company.




 
55
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The following tables summarize the change in fair value of the Company’s Level 3 assets and liabilities and transfers in and out of Level 3 for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Fair Value as of April 1
 
Total
Realized/Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Included in:
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 

Settlements
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(3)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(3)
 
Fair Value as of June 30
 
Change In
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Included in
Earnings(4)
 
 
Net
Income
 
OCI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate public securities
$
61

 
$
—

 
$
1

 
$
16

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(20
)
 
$
58

 
$
—

U.S. corporate private securities
987

 
—

 
5

 
17

 
—

 
—

 
(5
)
 
31

 
(15
)
 
1,020

 
—

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments (1)
12

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
11

 
—

Foreign corporate private securities (1)
294

 
—

 
1

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
(8
)
 
—

 
(89
)
 
200

 
—

Residential mortgage-backed securities
64

 
(3
)
 
1

 
17

 
—

 
(8
)
 
—

 
1

 
—

 
72

 
(3
)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
27

 
—

 
—

 
9

 
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
(17
)
 
16

 
—

Other asset-backed securities
47

 
—

 
—

 
57

 
—

 
(3
)
 
(1
)
 
—

 
(23
)
 
77

 
—

Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged
1,492

 
(3
)
 
7

 
118

 
—

 
(11
)
 
(17
)
 
32

 
(164
)
 
1,454

 
(3
)

 
56
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 (continued)
 
Fair Value as of April 1
 
Total
Realized/Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Included in:
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 

Settlements
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(3)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(3)
 
Fair Value as of June 30
 
Change In
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Included in
Earnings(4)
 
 
Net
Income
 
OCI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities, available-for-sale
$
101

 
$
—

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
102

 
$
—

Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FIA(2)
(42
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(43
)
 
—

IUL(2)
(110
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(9
)
 
—

 
12

 
—

 
—

 
(107
)
 
—

GMWBL/GMWB/GMAB(2)
(16
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(16
)
 
—

Stabilizer and MCGs(2)
(131
)
 
(9
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(141
)
 
—

Other derivatives, net
102

 
—

 
—

 
8

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
111

 
9

Assets held in separate accounts(5)
12

 
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
—

 
(8
)
 
3

 
—

(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
(2) All gains and losses on Level 3 liabilities are classified as realized gains (losses) for the purpose of this disclosure because it is impracticable to track realized and unrealized gains (losses) separately on a contract-by contract basis.
These amounts are included in Other net realized gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3) The Company's policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out as of the beginning of the reporting period.
(4) For financial instruments still held as of June 30, amounts are included in Net investment income and Total net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(5) The investment income and realized gains (losses) and change in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income for separate account assets are offset by an equal amount for separate account liabilities, which results in a net zero impact on Net income (loss) for the Company.












 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 




 
57
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Fair Value as of January 1
 
Total
 Realized/Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Included in:
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 

Settlements
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(3)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(3)
 
Fair Value as of June 30
 
Change In
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Included in
Earnings(4)
 
 
Net
Income
 
OCI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. corporate public securities
$
12

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
29

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(1
)
 
$
18

 
$
—

 
$
58

 
$
—

U.S. corporate private securities
913

 
—

 
6

 
87

 
—

 
(2
)
 
(9
)
 
40

 
(15
)
 
1,020

 
—

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
12

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
11

 
—

Foreign corporate private securities(1)
305

 
—

 
(1
)
 
20

 
—

 
—

 
(36
)
 
—

 
(88
)
 
200

 
—

Residential mortgage-backed securities
57

 
(6
)
 
1

 
27

 
—

 
(8
)
 
(1
)
 
2

 
—

 
72

 
(6
)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
16

 
—

 
—

 
9

 
—

 
—

 
(5
)
 
—

 
(4
)
 
16

 
—

Other asset-backed securities
53

 
—

 
1

 
57

 
—

 
—

 
(4
)
 
2

 
(32
)
 
77

 
—

Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged
1,368

 
(6
)
 
6

 
229

 
—

 
(10
)
 
(56
)
 
62

 
(139
)
 
1,454

 
(6
)

 
58
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 (continued)
 
Fair Value as of January 1
 
Total
 Realized/Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
Included in:
 
Purchases
 
Issuances
 
Sales
 

Settlements
 
Transfers
into
Level 3(3)
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3(3)
 
Fair Value as of June 30
 
Change In
Unrealized
Gains
(Losses)
Included in
Earnings(4)
 
 
Net
Income
 
OCI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities, available-for-sale
$
94

 
$
—

 
$
2

 
$
8

 
$
—

 
$
(2
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
102

 
$
—

Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FIA(2)
(42
)
 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
(43
)
 
—

IUL(2)
(81
)
 
(29
)
 
—

 
—

 
(17
)
 
—

 
19

 
—

 
—

 
(107
)
 
—

GMWBL/GMWB/GMAB(2)
(18
)
 
4

 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(16
)
 
—

Stabilizer and MCGs(2)
(150
)
 
12

 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(141
)
 
—

Other derivatives, net
72

 
27

 
—

 
15

 
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
—

 
111

 
39

Assets held in separate accounts(5)
5

 
—

 
—

 
6

 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
2

 
(8
)
 
3

 
—

(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.
(2) All gains and losses on Level 3 liabilities are classified as realized gains (losses) for the purpose of this disclosure because it is impracticable to track realized and unrealized gains (losses) separately on a contract-by contract basis.
These amounts are included in Other net realized gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3) The Company's policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out as of the beginning of the reporting period.
(4) For financial instruments still held as of June 30, amounts are included in Net investment income and Total net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(5) The investment income and realized gains (losses) and change in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income for separate account assets are offset by an equal amount for separate account liabilities, which results in a net zero impact on Net income (loss) for the Company.


 
59
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the transfers in and out of Level 3 for fixed maturities and separate accounts were due to the variation in inputs relied upon for valuation each quarter. Securities that are primarily valued using independent broker quotes when prices are not available from one of the commercial pricing services are reflected as transfers into Level 3. When securities are valued using more widely available information, the securities are transferred out of Level 3 and into Level 1 or 2, as appropriate.
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs

The Company's Level 3 fair value measurements of its fixed maturities, equity securities and equity and credit derivative contracts are primarily based on broker quotes for which the quantitative detail of the unobservable inputs is neither provided nor reasonably corroborated, thus negating the ability to perform a sensitivity analysis. The Company performs a review of broker quotes by performing a monthly price variance comparison and back tests broker quotes to recent trade prices.

Quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the Company's Level 3 fair value measurements of its guaranteed benefit derivatives is presented in the following sections and table.

Significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements of GMWBLs, GMWBs and GMABs include long-term equity and interest rate implied volatility, correlations between the rate of return on policyholder funds and between interest rates and equity returns, nonperformance risk, mortality and policyholder behavior assumptions, such as benefit utilization, lapses and partial withdrawals.

Significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements of FIAs include nonperformance risk and policyholder behavior assumptions, such as lapses and partial withdrawals.

Significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements of IULs include nonperformance risk and policyholder behavior assumptions, such as lapses.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Stabilizer embedded derivatives and MCG derivative are interest rate implied volatility, nonperformance risk, lapses and policyholder deposits. Such inputs are monitored quarterly.

Following is a description of selected inputs:

Equity / Interest Rate Volatility: A term-structure model is used to approximate implied volatility for the equity indices and swap rates for GMWBL, GMWB and GMAB fair value measurements and swap rates for the Stabilizer and MCG fair value measurements. Where no implied volatility is readily available in the market, an alternative approach is applied based on historical volatility.

Correlations: Integrated interest rate and equity scenarios are used in GMWBL, GMWB and GMAB fair value measurements to better reflect market interest rates and interest rate volatility correlations between equity and fixed income fund groups and between equity fund groups and interest rates. The correlations are based on historical fund returns and swap rates from external sources.

Nonperformance Risk: For the estimate of the fair value of embedded derivatives associated with the Company's product guarantees, the Company uses a blend of observable, similarly rated peer company credit default swap spreads, adjusted to reflect the credit quality of the individual insurance company subsidiary that issued the guarantee and the priority of policyholder claims.

Actuarial Assumptions: Management regularly reviews actuarial assumptions, which are based on the Company's experience and periodically reviewed against industry standards. Industry standards and Company experience may be limited on certain products.


 
60
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The following table presents the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements as of June 30, 2018:
 
 
Range(1)
 
Unobservable Input
 
GMWBL/GMWB/GMAB
 
FIA
 
IUL
 
Stabilizer/MCGs
 
Long-term equity implied volatility
 
15% to 25%

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Interest rate implied volatility
 
0.1% to 16%

 
—

 
—

 
0.1% to 6.5%

 
Correlations between:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity Funds
 
-13% to 99%

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Equity and Fixed Income Funds
 
-38% to 62%

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Interest Rates and Equity Funds
 
-32% to 26%

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Nonperformance risk
 
0.07% to 1.2%

 
0.07% to 1.2%

 
0.07% to 0.71%

 
0.07% to 1.2%

 
Actuarial Assumptions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit Utilization
 
70% to 100%

(2) 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Partial Withdrawals
 
0% to 3.4%

(2) 
0% to 7%

 
—

 
—

 
Lapses
 
0.1% to 15.3%

(3)(4) 
0% to 56%

(3) 
2% to 10%

 
0% to 50%

(5) 
Policyholder Deposits(6)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
0% to 50%

(5) 
Mortality
 
—

(7) 
—

(7) 
—

(8) 
—

 
(1) 
Represents the range of reasonable assumptions that management has used in its fair value calculations.
(2) Those GMWBL policyholders who have elected systematic withdrawals are assumed to continue taking withdrawals. Due to the benefit utilization assumption for GMWBL/GMWB, the partial withdrawal assumption only applies to GMAB.
(3) Lapse rates tend to be lower during the contractual surrender charge period and higher after the surrender charge period ends; the highest lapse rates occur in the year immediately after the end of the surrender charge period.
(4) The Company makes dynamic adjustments to lower the lapse rates for contracts that are more "in the money." Lapse ranges are based on weighted average ranges of underlying account value exposure.
(5) Stabilizer contracts with recordkeeping agreements have a different range of lapse and policyholder deposit assumptions from Stabilizer (Investment only) and MCG contracts as shown below:
 
Percentage of Plans
 
Overall Range of Lapse Rates
 
Range of Lapse Rates for 85% of Plans
 
Overall Range of Policyholder Deposits
 
Range of Policyholder Deposits for 85% of Plans
Stabilizer (Investment Only) and MCG Contracts
92
%
 
0-25%
 
0-15%
 
0-30%
 
0-15%
Stabilizer with Recordkeeping Agreements
8
%
 
0-50%
 
0-30%
 
0-50%
 
0-25%
Aggregate of all plans
100
%
 
0-50%
 
0-30%
 
0-50%
 
0-25%
(6) Measured as a percentage of assets under management or assets under administration.
(7) The mortality rate is based on the 2012 Individual Annuity Mortality Basic table with mortality improvements.
(8) The mortality rate, along with the associated cost of insurance charges, are based on the 2001 Commissioner's Standard Ordinary table with mortality improvements.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



 
61
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The following table presents the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements as of December 31, 2017:
 
 
Range(1)
Unobservable Input
 
GMWBL/GMWB/GMAB
 
FIA
 
IUL
 
Stabilizer/MCGs
 
Long-term equity implied volatility
 
15% to 25%

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Interest rate implied volatility
 
0.1% to 16%

 
—

 
—

 
0.1% to 6.3%

 
Correlations between:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity Funds
 
-13% to 99%

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Equity and Fixed Income Funds
 
-38% to 62%

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Interest Rates and Equity Funds
 
-32% to 26%

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Nonperformance risk
 
0.02% to 1.1%

 
0.02% to 1.1%

 
0.02% to 0.54%

 
0.02% to 1.1%

 
Actuarial Assumptions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit Utilization
 
70% to 100%

(2) 
—

 
—

 
—

 
Partial Withdrawals
 
0% to 3.4%

(2) 
0% to 7%

 
—

 
—

 
Lapses
 
0.1% to 15.3%

(3)(4) 
0% to 56%

(3) 
2% to 10%

 
0% to 50%

(5) 
Policyholder Deposits(6)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
0% to 50%

(5) 
Mortality
 
—

(7) 
—

(7) 
—

(8) 
—

 
(1) 
Represents the range of reasonable assumptions that management has used in its fair value calculations.
(2) 
Those GMWBL policyholders who have elected systematic withdrawals are assumed to continue taking withdrawals. Due to the benefit utilization assumption for GMWBL/GMWB, the partial withdrawal assumption only applies to GMAB.
(3) Lapse rates tend to be lower during the contractual surrender charge period and higher after the surrender charge period ends; the highest lapse rates occur in the year immediately after the end of the surrender charge period.
(4) The Company makes dynamic adjustments to lower the lapse rates for contracts that are more "in the money." Lapse ranges are based on weighted average ranges of underlying account value exposure.
(5) Stabilizer contracts with recordkeeping agreements have a different range of lapse and policyholder deposit assumptions from Stabilizer (Investment only) and MCG contracts as shown below:
 
Percentage of Plans
 
Overall Range of Lapse Rates
 
Range of Lapse Rates for 85% of Plans
 
Overall Range of Policyholder Deposits
 
Range of Policyholder Deposits for 85% of Plans
Stabilizer (Investment Only) and MCG Contracts
92
%
 
0-25%
 
0-15%
 
0-30%
 
0-15%
Stabilizer with Recordkeeping Agreements
8
%
 
0-50%
 
0-30%
 
0-50%
 
0-25%
Aggregate of all plans
100
%
 
0-50%
 
0-30%
 
0-50%
 
0-25%
(6) Measured as a percentage of assets under management or assets under administration.
(7) The mortality rate is based on the 2012 Individual Annuity Mortality Basic table with mortality improvements.
(8) The mortality rate, along with the associated cost of insurance charges, are based on the 2001 Commissioner's Standard Ordinary table with mortality improvements.


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
62
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 


Generally, the following will cause an increase (decrease) in the GMWBL, GMWB and GMAB embedded derivative fair value liabilities:

•
An increase (decrease) in long-term equity implied volatility
•
An increase (decrease) in interest rate implied volatility
•
An increase (decrease) in equity-interest rate correlations
•
A decrease (increase) in nonperformance risk
•
A decrease (increase) in mortality
•
An increase (decrease) in benefit utilization
•
A decrease (increase) in lapses

Changes in fund correlations may increase or decrease the fair value depending on the direction of the movement and the mix of funds. Changes in partial withdrawals may increase or decrease the fair value depending on the timing and magnitude of withdrawals.

Generally, the following will cause an increase (decrease) in the FIA and IUL embedded derivative fair value liabilities:

•
A decrease (increase) in nonperformance risk
•
A decrease (increase) in lapses

Generally, the following will cause an increase (decrease) in the derivative and embedded derivative fair value liabilities related to Stabilizer and MCG contracts:

•
An increase (decrease) in interest rate implied volatility
•
A decrease (increase) in nonperformance risk
•
A decrease (increase) in lapses
•
A decrease (increase) in policyholder deposits

The Company notes the following interrelationships:

•
Higher long-term equity implied volatility is often correlated with lower equity returns, which will result in higher in-the-moneyness, which in turn, results in lower lapses due to the dynamic lapse component reducing the lapses. This increases the projected number of policies that are available to use the GMWBL benefit and may also increase the fair value of the GMWBL.
•
Generally, an increase (decrease) in benefit utilization will decrease (increase) lapses for GMWBL and GMWB.
•
Generally, an increase (decrease) in interest rate volatility will increase (decrease) lapses of Stabilizer and MCG contracts due to dynamic participant behavior.

Other Financial Instruments

The following disclosures are made in accordance with the requirements of ASC Topic 825 which requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

ASC Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments, including insurance contracts and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent the underlying value of the Company.

 
63
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 


The carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Fair
Value
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged
$
51,081

 
$
51,081

 
$
53,434

 
$
53,434

Equity securities
385

 
385

 
380

 
380

Mortgage loans on real estate
8,904

 
8,952

 
8,686

 
8,748

Policy loans
1,849

 
1,849

 
1,888

 
1,888

Cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and short-term investments under securities loan agreements
3,315

 
3,315

 
3,315

 
3,315

Derivatives
376

 
376

 
397

 
397

Notes Receivable (1)
—

 
—

 
350

 
445

Other investments
90

 
98

 
47

 
55

Assets held in separate accounts
78,642

 
78,642

 
77,605

 
77,605

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment contract liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Funding agreements without fixed maturities and deferred annuities(2)
33,673

 
36,255

 
33,986

 
38,553

Funding agreements with fixed maturities
1,178

 
1,187

 
501

 
501

Supplementary contracts, immediate annuities and other
1,219

 
1,201

 
1,275

 
1,285

Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FIA
34

 
34

 
40

 
40

IUL
142

 
142

 
159

 
159

GMWBL/GMWB/GMAB
6

 
6

 
10

 
10

Stabilizer and MCGs
63

 
63

 
97

 
97

Other derivatives
117

 
117

 
149

 
149

Short-term debt
1

 
1

 
337

 
337

Long-term debt
3,458

 
3,561

 
3,123

 
3,478

Embedded derivative on reinsurance
38

 
38

 
129

 
129

(1) Included in Other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2) Certain amounts included in Funding agreements without fixed maturities and deferred annuities are also reflected within the Guaranteed benefit derivatives section of the table above.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 





 
64
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The following table presents the classifications of financial instruments which are not carried at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Financial Instrument
Classification
Mortgage loans on real estate
Level 3
Policy loans
Level 2
Notes receivable
Level 2
Other investments
Level 2
Funding agreements without fixed maturities and deferred annuities
Level 3
Funding agreements with fixed maturities
Level 2
Supplementary contracts and immediate annuities
Level 3
Short-term debt and Long-term debt
Level 2

6.    Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business Acquired

The following tables present a rollforward of DAC and VOBA for the periods indicated:
 
2018
 
DAC
 
VOBA
 
Total
Balance as of January 1, 2018
$
2,818

 
$
556

 
$
3,374

Deferrals of commissions and expenses
98

 
4

 
102

Amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization, excluding unlocking
(160
)
 
(44
)
 
(204
)
Unlocking(1)
(63
)
 
(27
)
 
(90
)
Interest accrued
91

 
29

(2) 
120

Net amortization included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(132
)
 
(42
)
 
(174
)
Change due to unrealized capital gains/losses on available-for-sale securities
460

 
246

 
706

Balance as of June 30, 2018
$
3,244

 
$
764

 
$
4,008

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
DAC
 
VOBA
 
Total
Balance as of January 1, 2017
$
3,186

 
$
811

 
$
3,997

Deferrals of commissions and expenses
124

 
4

 
128

Amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization, excluding unlocking
(218
)
 
(77
)
 
(295
)
Unlocking(1)
(45
)
 
(51
)
 
(96
)
Interest accrued
97

 
35

(2) 
132

Net amortization included in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(166
)
 
(93
)
 
(259
)
Change due to unrealized capital gains/losses on available-for-sale securities
(149
)
 
(97
)
 
(246
)
Balance as of June 30, 2017
$
2,995

 
$
625

 
$
3,620

(1) Includes the impacts of annual review of assumptions which typically occurs in the third quarter; and retrospective and prospective unlocking. Additionally, the 2018 amounts include unfavorable unlocking for DAC and VOBA of $25 and $18, respectively, associated with an update to assumptions related to customer consents of changes to guaranteed minimum interest rate provisions. The 2017 amounts include unfavorable unlocking for DAC and VOBA of $48 and $80, respectively, associated with consent acceptances received from customers and expected future acceptances of customer consents to changes related to guaranteed minimum interest rate provisions of certain retirement plan contracts with fixed investment options.
(2) Interest accrued at the following rates for VOBA: 3.5% to 7.4% during 2018 and 4.1% to 7.4% during 2017.


 
65
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

7.     Share-based Incentive Compensation Plans

The Company has provided equity-based compensation awards to its employees under the ING U.S., Inc. 2013 Omnibus Employee Incentive Plan (the "2013 Omnibus Plan") and the Voya Financial, Inc. 2014 Omnibus Employee Incentive Plan (the "2014 Omnibus Plan"). As of June 30, 2018, common stock reserved and available for issuance under the 2013 Omnibus Plan and the 2014 Omnibus Plan was 347,663 and 6,189,641 shares, respectively.

The Company offers equity-based awards to Voya Financial, Inc. non-employee directors under the Voya Financial, Inc. 2013 Omnibus Non-Employee Director Incentive Plan ("Director Plan”).

Compensation Cost

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense, which includes expenses related to awards granted under the Omnibus Plans and Director Plan for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Restricted Stock Unit (RSU) awards
$
10

 
$
12

 
$
29

 
$
34

Performance Stock Unit (PSU) awards
9

 
8

 
27

 
22

Stock options
2

 
7

 
5

 
11

Total share-based compensation expense
21

 
27

 
61

 
67

Income tax benefit
9

 
9

 
15

 
22

After-tax share-based compensation expense
$
12

 
$
18

 
$
46

 
$
45



 
66
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Awards Outstanding

The following tables summarize the number of awards outstanding under the Omnibus Plans for the period indicated:
 
RSU Awards
 
PSU Awards
(awards in millions) 
Number of Awards
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
 
Number of Awards
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding as of January 1, 2018
3.0

 
$
38.42

 
2.2

 
$
35.53

Adjustment for PSU performance factor
N/A

 
N/A

 
—

*
42.70

Granted
1.0

 
50.55

 
0.8

 
53.21

Vested
(1.4
)
 
38.48

 
(0.4
)
 
40.84

Forfeited
(0.1
)
 
42.13

 
(0.1
)
 
41.19

Outstanding as of June 30, 2018
2.5

 
$
43.17

 
2.5

 
$
40.19

* Less than 0.1.
 
Stock Options
(awards in millions) 
Number of Awards
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding as of January 1, 2018
3.0

 
$
37.60

Granted
—

 
—

Exercised
(0.1
)
 
37.60

Forfeited
—

*
—

Outstanding as of June 30, 2018
2.9

 
$
37.60

Vested, not exercisable, as of June 30, 2018
—

 
$
—

Vested, exercisable, as of June 30, 2018
2.9

 
37.60

* Less than 0.1.


 
67
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

8.     Shareholders' Equity

Common Shares

The following table presents the rollforward of common shares used in calculating the weighted average shares utilized in the basic earnings per common share calculation for the periods indicated:
 
Common Shares
 
(shares in millions) 
Issued
 
Held in Treasury
 
Outstanding
 
Balance, January 1, 2017
268.0

 
73.4

 
194.6

 
Common shares issued
—

*
—

 
—

*
Common shares acquired - share repurchase
—

 
24.4

 
(24.4
)
 
Share-based compensation
2.0

 
0.2

 
1.8

 
Balance, December 31, 2017
270.0

 
98.0

 
172.0

 
Common shares issued
—

*
—

 
—

*
Common shares acquired - share repurchase
—

 
11.6

 
(11.6
)
 
Share-based compensation
1.9

 
0.3

 
1.6

 
Balance, June 30, 2018
271.9

 
109.9

 
162.0

 
* Less than 0.1.

Share Repurchase Program

From time to time, the Company's Board of Directors authorizes the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock. These authorizations permit stock repurchases up to a prescribed dollar amount and generally may be accomplished through various means, including, without limitation, open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, forward, derivative, or accelerated repurchase, or automatic repurchase transactions, including 10b5-1 plans, or tender offers. Share repurchase authorizations typically expire if unused by a prescribed date.
On February 1, 2018, the Board of Directors provided its most recent share repurchase authorization, increasing the aggregate amount of the Company’s common stock authorized for repurchase by $500. The current share repurchase authorization expires on December 31, 2018 (unless extended), and does not obligate the Company to purchase any shares. The authorization for the share repurchase program may be terminated, increased or decreased by the Board of Directors at any time.

On December 26, 2017, the Company entered into a share repurchase arrangement with a third-party financial institution, pursuant to which the Company made an up-front payment of $500 and received initial delivery of 7,821,666 shares during the fourth quarter of 2017. This arrangement closed on March 26, 2018 and an additional 1,947,413 shares were delivered.

Subsequent to June 30, 2018, the Company repurchased 1,808,900 shares through a 10b5-1 plan for an aggregate purchase price of $88.

Warrants

On May 7, 2013, the Company issued to ING Group warrants to purchase up to 26,050,846 shares of the Company's common stock equal in the aggregate to 9.99% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock at that date. The current exercise price of the warrants is $48.75 per share of common stock, subject to adjustments, including for stock dividends, cash dividends in excess of $0.01 per share a quarter, subdivisions, combinations, reclassifications and non-cash distributions. The warrants also provide for, upon the occurrence of certain change of control events affecting the Company, an increase in the number of shares to which a warrant holder will be entitled upon payment of the aggregate exercise price of the warrant. The warrants became exercisable to ING Group and its affiliates on January 1, 2017 and to all other holders starting on the first anniversary of the completion of the IPO (May 7, 2014). The warrants expire on the tenth anniversary of the completion of the IPO (May 7, 2023). The warrants are net share settled, which means that no cash will be payable by a warrant holder in respect of the exercise price

 
68
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

of a warrant upon exercise, and are classified as permanent equity. They have been recorded at their fair value determined on the issuance date of May 7, 2013 in the amount of $94 as an addition and reduction to Additional-paid-in-capital. Warrant holders are not entitled to receive dividends. On March 12, 2018, ING Group sold its remaining interests in the warrants and no longer owns any warrants. As of June 30, 2018, no warrants have been exercised.


 
69
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

9.     Earnings per Common Share
The following table presents a reconciliation of Net income (loss) and shares used in calculating basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
(in millions, except for per share data)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Earnings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
196

 
$
155

 
$
213

 
$
175

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
58

 
52

 
58

 
53

Income (loss) from continuing operations available to common shareholders
138

 
103

 
155

 
122

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
28

 
64

 
457

 
(98
)
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders
$
166

 
$
167

 
$
612

 
$
24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
167.0

 
185.8

 
169.7

 
188.7

Dilutive Effects:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Warrants(1)
1.5

 
—

 
1.5

 
—

RSU awards
1.4

 
1.4

 
1.7

 
1.8

PSU awards
2.1

 
0.5

 
1.9

 
0.6

Stock Options(2)
0.8

 
—

 
0.8

 
—

Diluted
172.8

 
187.7

 
175.6

 
191.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
0.83

 
$
0.56

 
$
0.91

 
$
0.65

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
0.17

 
$
0.34

 
$
2.69

 
$
(0.52
)
Income (loss) available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
1.00

 
$
0.90

 
$
3.60

 
$
0.13

Diluted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
0.80

 
$
0.55

 
$
0.88

 
$
0.63

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
0.16

 
$
0.34

 
$
2.60

 
$
(0.51
)
Income (loss) available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
0.96

 
$
0.89

 
$
3.48

 
$
0.12

(1) For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, weighted average shares used for calculating basic and diluted earnings per share excludes the dilutive impact of warrants, as the inclusion of this equity instrument would be antidilutive to the earnings per share calculation due to "out of the moneyness" in the periods presented. For more information on warrants, see the Shareholders' Equity Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

 
70
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

(2) For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, weighted average shares used for calculating basic and diluted earnings per share excludes the dilutive impact of stock options, as the inclusion of this equity instrument would be antidilutive to the earnings per share calculation due to the average share price for the periods presented.. For more information on stock options, see the Share-based Incentive Compensation Plans Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

10.    Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Shareholders' equity included the following components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI") as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
Fixed maturities, net of OTTI
$
1,805

 
$
4,876

Equity securities
—

 
36

Derivatives
143

 
195

DAC/VOBA adjustment on available-for-sale securities
(570
)
 
(1,389
)
Premium deficiency reserve
(128
)
 
—

Sales inducements and other intangibles adjustment on available-for-sale securities
(88
)
 
(260
)
Other
—

 
(31
)
Unrealized capital gains (losses), before tax
1,162

 
3,427

Deferred income tax asset (liability)
(229
)
 
(842
)
Net unrealized capital gains (losses)
933

 
2,585

Pension and other postretirement benefits liability, net of tax
10

 
21

AOCI
$
943

 
$
2,606


 
71
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Changes in AOCI, including the reclassification adjustments recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Before-Tax Amount
 
Income Tax
 
After-Tax Amount
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities
$
(1,412
)
 
$
458

 
$
(954
)
Equity securities
—

(1) 
—

 
—

Other
32

 
(11
)
 
21

OTTI
10

 
(5
)
 
5

Adjustments for amounts recognized in Net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
7

 
(2
)
 
5

DAC/VOBA
348

 
(99
)
 
249

Premium deficiency reserve
21

 
(4
)
 
17

Sales inducements
75

 
(30
)
 
45

Change in unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities
(919
)
 
307

 
(612
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
69

(2) 
(17
)
 
52

Adjustments related to effective cash flow hedges for amounts recognized in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(7
)
 
2

 
(5
)
Change in unrealized gains/losses on derivatives
62

 
(15
)
 
47

 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension and other postretirement benefits liability:
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service cost recognized in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(3
)
 
—

 
(3
)
Change in pension and other postretirement benefits liability
(3
)
 
—

 
(3
)
Change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
$
(860
)
 
$
292

 
$
(568
)
(1) Balance reclassified to Retained earnings due to adoption of ASU 2016-01.
(2) See the Derivative Financial Instruments Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.




 
72
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Before-Tax Amount
 
Income Tax
 
After-Tax Amount
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities
$
(3,624
)
 
$
920

 
$
(2,704
)
Equity securities
—

(1) 
—

 
—

Other
18

 
(8
)
 
10

OTTI
30

 
(9
)
 
21

Adjustments for amounts recognized in Net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
47

 
(10
)
 
37

DAC/VOBA
901

(2) 
(215
)
 
686

Premium deficiency reserve
62

 
(13
)
 
49

Sales inducements
190

 
(54
)
 
136

Change in unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities
(2,376
)
 
611

 
(1,765
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
29

(3) 
(9
)
 
20

Adjustments related to effective cash flow hedges for amounts recognized in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(13
)
 
3

 
(10
)
Change in unrealized gains/losses on derivatives
16

 
(6
)
 
10

 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension and other postretirement benefits liability:
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service cost recognized in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(6
)
 
1

 
(5
)
Change in pension and other postretirement benefits liability
(6
)
 
1

 
(5
)
Change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
$
(2,366
)
 
$
606

 
$
(1,760
)
(1) Balance reclassified to Retained earnings due to adoption of ASU 2016-01.
(2) See the Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business Acquired Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(3) See the Derivative Financial Instruments Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.


 
73
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Before-Tax Amount
 
Income Tax
 
After-Tax Amount
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities
$
1,102

 
$
(385
)
 
$
717

Equity securities
1

 
—

 
1

Other
—

 
—

 
—

OTTI
1

 
—

 
1

Adjustments for amounts recognized in Net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(25
)
 
9

 
(16
)
DAC/VOBA
(213
)
 
73

 
(140
)
Premium deficiency reserve
—

 
—

 
—

Sales inducements
(81
)
 
29

 
(52
)
Change in unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities
785

 
(274
)
 
511

 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
(16
)
(1) 
6

 
(10
)
Adjustments related to effective cash flow hedges for amounts recognized in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(6
)
 
2

 
(4
)
Change in unrealized gains/losses on derivatives
(22
)
 
8

 
(14
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension and other postretirement benefits liability:
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service cost recognized in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(4
)
 
1

 
(3
)
Change in pension and other postretirement benefits liability
(4
)
 
1

 
(3
)
Change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
$
759

 
$
(265
)
 
$
494

(1) See the Derivative Financial Instruments Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.


 
74
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Before-Tax Amount
 
Income Tax
 
After-Tax Amount
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities
$
1,430

 
$
(499
)
 
$
931

Equity securities
3

 
(1
)
 
2

Other
—

 
—

 
—

OTTI
12

 
(4
)
 
8

Adjustments for amounts recognized in Net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
20

 
(7
)
 
13

DAC/VOBA
(306
)
(1) 
107

 
(199
)
Premium deficiency reserve
54

 
(19
)
 
35

Sales inducements
(91
)
 
32

 
(59
)
Change in unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities
1,122

 
(391
)
 
731

 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
(51
)
(2) 
18

 
(33
)
Adjustments related to effective cash flow hedges for amounts recognized in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(12
)
 
4

 
(8
)
Change in unrealized gains/losses on derivatives
(63
)
 
22

 
(41
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension and other postretirement benefits liability:
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service cost recognized in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(7
)
 
2

 
(5
)
Change in pension and other postretirement benefits liability
(7
)
 
2

 
(5
)
Change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
$
1,052

 
$
(367
)
 
$
685

(1) See the Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business Acquired Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(2) See the Derivative Financial Instruments Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

11.    Income Taxes
 
 
 
 
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Reform"). Tax Reform makes broad changes to U.S. federal tax law, including, but not limited to (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; (2) changing the computations of the dividends received deduction, tax reserves, and deferred acquisition costs; (3) further limiting deductibility of executive compensation; (4) eliminating the net operating loss ("NOL") carryback and limiting the NOL carryforward deduction to 80% of taxable income for losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017; and (5) changing how alternative minimum tax ("AMT") credits can be realized. Tax Reform eliminated the corporate AMT and allows the credit carryforward to be refunded over the next 4 years. The refund, however, is subject to reduction based on sequestration rates set pursuant to the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended. The current rate is 6.6%.
 
The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") to address situations where a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting under ASC Topic 740 for certain income tax effects of Tax Reform for the reporting period of enactment. SAB 118 allows the Company to provide a provisional estimate of the impacts of Tax Reform during a measurement period similar to the measurement

 
75
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

period used when accounting for business combinations. Adjustments to provisional estimates and additional impacts from Tax Reform must be recorded as they are identified during the measurement period as provided for in SAB 118.

In 2017 in reliance on SAB 118, the Company provisionally remeasured its deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the 21% tax rate at which they are expected to reverse in the future. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded adjustments to the provisional estimates related to deductibility of executive compensation, calculation of tax reserves and AMT sequestration. The Company continues to analyze the effects of Tax Reform and will record adjustments and additional impacts from Tax Reform as they are identified during the measurement period as provided for in SAB 118.

The Company uses the estimated annual effective tax rate method in computing its interim tax provision. Certain items, including changes in the realizability of deferred tax assets and changes in liabilities for uncertain tax positions, are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate and the actual tax expense or benefit is reported in the period the related item is incurred.

The Company's effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was 18.7%. The effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate of 21% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to the effect of the dividends received deduction ("DRD") and noncontrolling interest, partially offset by nondeductible executive compensation and AMT sequestration.

The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was 0.0%. The effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate of 35% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 primarily due to the effect of the DRD, noncontrolling interest, and the valuation allowance.

The Company's effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was 35.0%, which is equal to the statutory rate during that period.

Tax Regulatory Matters

During 2018, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") completed its examination of the Company's returns through tax year 2016. The audit settlements did not have a material impact on the Company. The Company is currently under audit by the IRS, and it is expected that the examination of the tax year 2017 will be finalized within the next twelve months. The Company and the IRS have agreed to participate in the Compliance Assurance Process for the tax years 2017 and 2018.


 
76
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

12.    Financing Agreements

Short-term Debt

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $1 and $337, respectively, of short-term debt borrowings outstanding consisting entirely of the current portion of long-term debt.

Long-term Debt

The following table summarizes the carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt securities issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:
 
Maturity
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
7.25% Voya Holdings Inc. debentures, due 2023(1)
08/15/2023
 
$
143

 
$
143

7.63% Voya Holdings Inc. debentures, due 2026(1)
08/15/2026
 
176

 
186

8.42% Equitable of Iowa Companies Capital Trust II Notes, due 2027
04/01/2027
 
14

 
14

6.97% Voya Holdings Inc. debentures, due 2036(1)
08/15/2036
 
94

 
94

1.00% Windsor Property Loan
06/14/2027
 
5

 
5

5.5% Senior Notes, due 2022
07/15/2022
 
361

 
361

2.9% Senior Notes, due 2018
02/15/2018
 
—

 
337

5.65% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Notes, due 2053
05/15/2053
 
739

 
738

5.7% Senior Notes, due 2043
07/15/2043
 
395

 
395

3.65% Senior Notes, due 2026
06/15/2026
 
495

 
495

4.8% Senior Notes, due 2046
06/15/2046
 
297

 
296

3.125% Senior Notes, due 2024
07/15/2024
 
396

 
396

4.7% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Notes, due 2048
01/23/2048
 
344

 
—

Subtotal
 
 
3,459

 
3,460

Less: Current portion of long-term debt
 
 
1

 
337

Total
 
 
$
3,458

 
$
3,123

(1) Guaranteed by ING Group.

Senior Notes

On February 15, 2018, the remaining 2.9% Senior Notes due February 15, 2018 (the "2018 Notes") matured and Voya Financial, Inc. paid the remaining principal and interest due.

Junior Subordinated Notes

On January 23, 2018, Voya Financial, Inc. completed an offering, through a private placement, of $350 aggregate principal amount of 4.7% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Notes due 2048 (the "2048 Notes"). The 2048 Notes are guaranteed on an unsecured, junior subordinated basis by Voya Holdings. The Company used the net proceeds from the offering to repay at maturity its 2018 Notes and to pay accrued interest thereon. The remaining proceeds after the repayment of the 2018 Notes were used for general corporate purposes.

Interest is paid on the 2048 Notes semi-annually, in arrears, on each January 23 and July 23, at a fixed rate of 4.7% until January 23, 2028. From January 23, 2028, the 2048 Notes bear interest at an annual rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.084% payable quarterly, in arrears, on January 23, April 23, July 23 and October 23. So long as no event of default with respect to the 2048 Notes has occurred and is continuing, the Company have the right on one or more occasions, to defer the payment of interest on the 2048

 
77
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Notes for one or more consecutive interest periods for up to five years. During the deferral period, interest will continue to accrue at the then-applicable rate and deferred interest will bear additional interest at the then-applicable rate.

At any time following notice of the Company's plan to defer interest and during the period interest is deferred, the Company and its subsidiaries generally, with certain exceptions, may not make payments on or redeem or purchase any shares of the Company's common stock or any of the debt securities or guarantees that rank in liquidation on a parity with or are junior to the 2048 Notes.

The Company may elect to redeem the 2048 Notes (i) in whole at any time or in part on or after January 23, 2028 at a redemption price equal to the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. If the notes are not redeemed in whole, $25 of aggregate principal (excluding the principal amount of the 2048 Notes held by the Company, or its affiliates) must remain outstanding after giving effect to the redemption; or (ii) in whole, but not in part, at any time prior to January 23, 2028 within 90 days after the occurrence of a "tax event", a "rating agency event" or a "regulatory capital event," as defined in the 2048 Notes offering memorandum, at a redemption price equal to (a) with respect to a "rating agency event" 102% of their principal amount and (ii) with respect to a "tax event" or a "regulatory capital event," their principal amount, in each case plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Pursuant to a registration rights agreement that the Company has entered into with respect to the 2048 Notes, the Company has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to file a registration statement with respect to the 2048 Notes within 320 days from the closing date.

Aetna Notes

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, Voya Holdings repurchased $10 of the outstanding principal amount of 7.63% Debentures due August 15, 2026. In connection with this transaction, the Company incurred a loss on debt extinguishment of $3 for the six months ended June 30, 2018, which was recorded in Interest Expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of June 30, 2018, the outstanding principal amount of the Aetna Notes was $416, which is guaranteed by ING Group.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company withdrew $8 of collateral from a control account benefiting ING Group with a third-party collateral agent, thereby decreasing the remaining collateral balance to $223. The collateral may be exchanged at any time upon the posting of any other form of acceptable collateral to the account.

Senior Unsecured Credit Facility Agreement

The Company has a senior unsecured credit facility, with a revolving credit sublimit of $750 and a total LOC capacity of $1.0 billion following the closing of the Transaction. The facility expires on May 6, 2021.

On January 24, 2018, the Company further amended the Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement ("Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement"), dated as of May 6, 2016, by entering into a Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement ("Second Amendment") with the lenders thereunder. The Second Amendment modifies the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by requiring the Company to maintain a minimum net worth in light of the classification of substantially all of its CBVA and Annuities businesses as discontinued operations. Upon entering into the MTA for the Transaction, the Company recorded an estimated loss on sale in the fourth quarter of 2017. Consequently, Voya Financial, Inc. is now required to maintain a minimum net worth equal to the greater of (i) $6 billion or (ii) 75% of the Company’s actual net worth as of December 31, 2017 (as calculated in the manner set forth in the Second Amended Credit Agreement). The minimum net worth amount may increase upon any future equity issuances by the Company. In accordance with the Second Amendment, upon the closing of the MTA, the total amount of LOCs that may be issued was reduced from $2.25 billion to $1.0 billion. The $750 sublimit available for direct borrowings remains unchanged.

As of June 30, 2018, there were no amounts outstanding as revolving credit borrowings and no amounts of LOCs outstanding under the senior unsecured credit facility.


 
78
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Other Credit Facilities

Effective January 18, 2018, a $500 financing arrangement between Langhorne I, LLC ("Langhorne I"), Voya Financial, Inc. and a third party was cancelled.

Effective January 24, 2018, Security Life of Denver International Limited ("SLDI") and Voya Financial, Inc. entered into an amendment to renew a $175 letter of credit facility agreement with a third party bank increasing the commitment to $195 and extending the expiration date of the facility from January 24, 2018 to January 24, 2021.

Effective April 27, 2018, Voya Financial, Inc. entered into a $156 letter of credit facility agreement with a third-party bank.

Effective May 2, 2018, a $167 letter of credit facility between Voya Financial, Inc. and a third party bank was cancelled.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13.    Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Through the normal course of investment operations, the Company commits to either purchase or sell securities, mortgage loans, or money market instruments, at a specified future date and at a specified price or yield. The inability of counterparties to honor these commitments may result in either a higher or lower replacement cost. Also, there is likely to be a change in the value of the securities underlying the commitments.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had off-balance sheet commitments to acquire mortgage loans of $136 and purchase limited partnerships and private placement investments of $1,243, of which $318 related to consolidated investment entities.

Restricted Assets

The Company is required to maintain assets on deposit with various regulatory authorities to support its insurance operations. The Company may also post collateral in connection with certain securities lending, repurchase agreements, funding agreements, credit facilities and derivative transactions. The components of the fair value of the restricted assets were as follows as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Fixed maturity collateral pledged to FHLB (1)
$
1,394

 
$
602

FHLB restricted stock(2)
84

 
67

Other fixed maturities-state deposits
162

 
175

Cash and cash equivalents
13

 
13

Securities pledged(3)
1,994

 
2,087

Total restricted assets
$
3,647

 
$
2,944

(1) Included in Fixed maturities, available for sale, at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2) Included in Other investments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(3) Includes the fair value of loaned securities of $1,739 and $1,854 as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. In addition, as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company delivered securities as collateral of $255 and $233, respectively. Loaned securities and securities delivered as collateral are included in Securities pledged on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Federal Home Loan Bank Funding Agreements

The Company is a member of the FHLB of Des Moines, FHLB of Boston and the FHLB of Topeka and is required to pledge collateral to back funding agreements issued to the FHLB. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $1,178 and $501, respectively, in non-putable funding agreements, which are included in Contract owner account balances on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, assets with a market value of approximately $1,394 and $602, respectively, collateralized the FHLB funding agreements. Assets pledged to the FHLB are included in Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 
79
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 


Litigation, Regulatory Matters and Loss Contingencies

Litigation, regulatory and other loss contingencies arise in connection with the Company's activities as a diversified financial services firm. The Company is a defendant in a number of litigation matters arising from the conduct of its business, both in the ordinary course and otherwise. In some of these matters, claimants seek to recover very large or indeterminate amounts, including compensatory, punitive, treble and exemplary damages. Modern pleading practice in the U.S. permits considerable variation in the assertion of monetary damages and other relief. Claimants are not always required to specify the monetary damages they seek or they may be required only to state an amount sufficient to meet a court's jurisdictional requirements. Moreover, some jurisdictions allow claimants to allege monetary damages that far exceed any reasonably possible verdict. The variability in pleading requirements and past experience demonstrates that the monetary and other relief that may be requested in a lawsuit or claim often bears little relevance to the merits or potential value of a claim. Litigation against the Company includes a variety of claims including negligence, breach of contract, fraud, violation of regulation or statute, breach of fiduciary duty, negligent misrepresentation, failure to supervise, elder abuse and other torts.

As with other financial services companies, the Company periodically receives informal and formal requests for information from various state and federal governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations in connection with inquiries and investigations of the products and practices of the Company or the financial services industry. It is the practice of the Company to cooperate fully in these matters.

The outcome of a litigation or regulatory matter is difficult to predict and the amount or range of potential losses associated with these or other loss contingencies requires significant management judgment. It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome or to provide reasonably possible losses or ranges of losses for all pending regulatory matters, litigation and other loss contingencies.

While it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain cases could have a material adverse effect upon the Company's financial position, based on information currently known, management believes that neither the outcome of pending litigation and regulatory matters, nor potential liabilities associated with other loss contingencies, are likely to have such an effect. However, given the large and indeterminate amounts sought in certain litigation and the inherent unpredictability of all such matters, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain of the Company's litigation or regulatory matters, or liabilities arising from other loss contingencies, could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect upon the Company's results of operations or cash flows in a particular quarterly or annual period.

For some matters, the Company is able to estimate a possible range of loss. For such matters in which a loss is probable, an accrual has been made. For matters where the Company, however, believes a loss is reasonably possible, but not probable, no accrual is required. For matters for which an accrual has been made, but there remains a reasonably possible range of loss in excess of the amounts accrued or for matters where no accrual is required, the Company develops an estimate of the unaccrued amounts of the reasonably possible range of losses. As of June 30, 2018, the Company estimates the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of any amounts accrued for these matters as of such date, to be up to approximately $50.

For other matters, the Company is currently not able to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss. The Company is often unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support an assessment of the range of possible loss, such as quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from plaintiffs and other parties, investigation of factual allegations, rulings by a court on motions or appeals, analysis by experts and the progress of settlement discussions. On a quarterly and annual basis, the Company reviews relevant information with respect to litigation and regulatory contingencies and updates the Company's accruals, disclosures and reasonably possible losses or ranges of loss based on such reviews.

Litigation includes Dezelan v. Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company (USDC District of Connecticut, No. 3:16-cv-1251) (filed July 26, 2016), a putative class action in which plaintiff, a participant in a 403(b) Plan, seeks to represent a class of plans whose assets are invested in Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company ("VRIAC") “Group Annuity Contract Stable Value Funds.” Plaintiff alleges that VRIAC has violated the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 ("ERISA") by charging unreasonable fees and setting its own compensation in connection with stable value products. Plaintiff seeks declaratory and injunctive relief, disgorgement of profits, damages and attorney’s fees. The Company denies the allegations, which it believes are without merit, and intends to defend the case vigorously. On July 19, 2017, the district court granted the Company's motion to

 
80
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

dismiss, but permitted the plaintiff to file an amended complaint. The plaintiff has filed a first amended complaint, and the Company moved to dismiss that complaint on September 18, 2017.

Litigation also includes Patrico v. Voya Financial, Inc., et al (USDC SDNY, No. 1:16-cv-07070) (filed September 9, 2016), a putative class action in which plaintiff, a participant in a 401(k) Plan, seeks to represent a class of plans “for which Voya or its subsidiaries provide recordkeeping, investment management or investment advisory services and for which Financial Engines provides investment advice to plan participants.” Plaintiff alleges that the Company and its affiliates have violated ERISA by charging unreasonable fees in connection with in-plan investment advice provided in conjunction with Financial Engines, a third-party investment adviser. Plaintiff seeks declaratory and injunctive relief, disgorgement of profits, damages and attorney’s fees. The Company denies the allegations, which it believes are without merit, and intends to defend the case vigorously. On June 20, 2017, the district court granted the Company's motion to dismiss, but permitted the plaintiff to file an amended complaint. The plaintiff filed a motion for leave to file a first amended complaint, the Company opposed that motion, and on March 13, 2018, the district court denied the plaintiff’s motion for leave to file an amended complaint and closed the case. Plaintiff filed her notice of appeal to the U.S Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit on April 11, 2018.

Litigation also includes Goetz v. Voya Financial and Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company (USDC District of Delaware, No. 1:17-cv-1289) (filed September 8, 2017), a putative class action in which plaintiff, a participant in a 401(k) plan, seeks to represent other participants in the plan as well as a class of similarly situated plans that "contract with [Voya] for recordkeeping and other services." Plaintiff alleges that "Voya" breached its fiduciary duty to the plan and other plan participants by charging unreasonable and excessive recordkeeping fees, and that "Voya" distributed materially false and misleading 404a-5 administrative and fund fee disclosures to conceal its excessive fees. The Company denies the allegations, which it believes are without merit, and intends to defend the case vigorously. Plaintiff filed an amended complaint on January 4, 2018, and the Company filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on February 8, 2018.

Litigation also includes Henkel of America v. ReliaStar Life Insurance Company (USDC District of Connecticut, No. 1:18-cv-00965) (filed June 8, 2018). Plaintiff alleges that ReliaStar breached the terms of a stop loss policy it issued to Plaintiff by refusing to reimburse Plaintiff for more than $47 in claims incurred by participants in prior years and submitted for coverage under the stop loss policy. Plaintiff alleges a breach of contract claim or, in the alternative, that the stop loss policy be declared to cover the submitted claims, and also asserts that ReliaStar engaged in unfair trade practices and unfair insurance practices in violation of state statutes, and did so willfully and intentionally to warrant an award of punitive damages under state law. The Company denies the allegations, which it believes are without merit, and intends to defend the case vigorously. The Company filed its answer with affirmative defenses on July 5, 2018.
 
Finally, industry wide, life insurers continue to be exposed to class action litigation related to the cost of insurance rates and periodic deductions from cash value. Common allegations include that insurance companies have breached the terms of their universal life insurance policies by establishing or increasing the cost of insurance rates using cost factors not, permitted by the contract or that thereby unjustly enriching themselves. This litigation is generally known as cost of insurance litigation. Cost of insurance litigation for the Company includes Barnes v. Security Life of Denver (USDC Colorado, No. 1:18-cv-00718) (filed March 27, 2018), a putative class action in which the plaintiff alleges that his insurance policy only permitted the Company to rely upon his expected future mortality experience to establish and increase his cost of insurance, but the Company instead relied upon other, non-disclosed factors to do so.  Such litigation also includes Cutler v. Voya Financial, Inc. and ReliaStar Life Insurance Company (USDC S.D. Florida, No. 1:18-cv-20723) (filed February 23, 2018), in which the plaintiff alleges that his insurance policy only permitted the Company to rely upon his expected future mortality experience to establish and increase his cost of insurance, but the Company instead relied upon other, non-disclosed factors to do so.

The Company denies the allegations in each complaint, believes both to be without merit, and intends to defend each case vigorously. On April 16, 2018, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the Cutler complaint in its entirety against Voya Financial and partially against ReliaStar. On May 15, 2018, the Company moved for a partial dismissal of the Barnes complaint. Plaintiffs in each action have opposed the Company’s motions.

Contingencies related to Performance-based Capital Allocations on Private Equity Funds

Certain performance-based capital allocations related to sponsored private equity funds ("carried interest") are not final until the conclusion of an investment term specified in the relevant asset management contract. As a result, such carried interest, if accrued

 
81
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

or paid to the Company during such term, is subject to later adjustment based on subsequent fund performance. If the fund’s cumulative investment return falls below specified investment return hurdles, some or all of the previously accrued carried interest is reversed to the extent that the Company is no longer entitled to the performance-based capital allocation. Should the fund’s cumulative investment return subsequently increase above specified investment return hurdles in future periods, previous reversals could be fully or partially recovered.

As of June 30, 2018, approximately $74 of previously accrued carried interest would be subject to full or partial reversal in future periods if cumulative fund performance hurdles are not maintained throughout the remaining life of the affected funds.

14.     Consolidated Investment Entities

In the normal course of business, the Company provides investment management services to, invests in and has transactions with, various types of investment entities which may be considered VIEs or VOEs. The Company evaluates its involvement with each entity to determine whether consolidation is required.

The Company holds variable interests in certain investment entities in the form of debt or equity investments, as well as the right to receive management fees, performance fees, and carried interest. The Company consolidates certain entities under the VIE guidance when it is determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary. Alternatively, certain entities are consolidated under the VOE guidance when control is obtained through voting rights.

The Company has no right to the benefits from, nor does it bear the risks associated with consolidated investment entities beyond the Company’s direct equity and debt investments in and management fees generated from these entities. Such direct investments amounted to approximately $384 and $442 as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. If the Company were to liquidate, the assets held by consolidated investment entities would not be available to the general creditors of the Company as a result of the liquidation.

Consolidated VIEs and VOEs

Collateral Loan Obligations Entities ("CLOs")

The Company is involved in the design, creation, and the ongoing management of CLOs. These entities are created for the purpose of acquiring diversified portfolios of senior secured floating rate leveraged loans, and securitizing these assets by issuing multiple tranches of collateralized debt; thereby providing investors with a broad array of risk and return profiles. Also known as collateralized financing entities under Topic 810, CLOs are variable interest entities by definition.

In return for providing collateral management services, the Company earns investment management fees and contingent performance fees. In addition to earning fee income, the Company often holds an investment in certain of the CLOs it manages, generally within the unrated and most subordinated tranche of each CLO. The fee income earned and investments held are included in the Company's ongoing consolidation assessment for each CLO. The Company was the primary beneficiary of 1 and 4 CLOs as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Limited Partnerships

The Company invests in and manages various limited partnerships, including private equity funds and hedge funds. These entities have been evaluated by the Company and are determined to be VIEs due to the equity holders, as a group, lacking the characteristics of a controlling financial interest.  

In return for serving as the general partner of and providing investment management services to these entities, the Company earns management fees and carried interest in the normal course of business. Additionally, the Company often holds an investment in each limited partnership it manages, generally in the form of general partner and limited partner interests. The fee income, carried interest, and investments held are included in the Company’s ongoing consolidation analysis for each limited partnership. The Company consolidated 12 and 14 funds, which were structured as partnerships, as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.


 
82
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Registered Investment Companies

The Company consolidated one sponsored investment fund accounted for as a VOE as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 because it is the majority investor in the fund, and as such, has a controlling financial interest in the fund.

The following table summarizes the components of the consolidated investment entities as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Assets of Consolidated Investment Entities
 
 
 
VIEs
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
86

 
$
216

Corporate loans, at fair value using the fair value option
458

 
1,089

Limited partnerships/corporations, at fair value
1,643

 
1,714

Other assets
13

 
75

Total VIE assets
2,200

 
3,094

VOEs
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
—

 
1

Limited partnerships/corporations, at fair value
88

 
81

Total VOE assets
88

 
82

Total assets of consolidated investment entities
$
2,288

 
$
3,176

 
 
 
 
Liabilities of Consolidated Investment Entities
 
 
 
VIEs
 
 
 
CLO notes, at fair value using the fair value option
$
491

 
$
1,047

Other liabilities
624

 
649

Total VIE liabilities
1,115

 
1,696

VOEs
 
 
 
Other liabilities
6

 
9

Total VOE liabilities
6

 
9

Total liabilities of consolidated investment entities
$
1,121

 
$
1,705


Fair Value Measurement

Upon consolidation, the Company elected to apply the FVO for financial assets and financial liabilities held by CLOs and continued to measure these assets (primarily corporate loans) and liabilities (debt obligations issued by CLOs) at fair value in subsequent periods. The Company has elected the FVO to more closely align its accounting with the economics of its transactions and allows the Company to more effectively align changes in the fair value of CLO assets with a commensurate change in the fair value of CLO liabilities.

Investments held by consolidated private equity funds are measured and reported at fair value in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Changes in the fair value of consolidated investment entities are recorded as a separate line item within Income (loss) related to consolidated investment entities in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The methodology for measuring the fair value of financial assets and liabilities of consolidated investment entities, and the classification of these measurements in the fair value hierarchy is consistent with the methodology and classification applied by the Company to its investment portfolio.


 
83
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

As discussed in more detail below, the Company utilizes valuations obtained from third-party commercial pricing services, brokers and investment sponsors or third-party administrators that supply NAV (or its equivalent) per share used as a practical expedient. The valuations obtained from brokers and third-party commercial pricing services are non-binding. These valuations are reviewed on a monthly or quarterly basis depending on the entity and its underlying investments. Procedures include, but are not limited to, a review of underlying fund investor reports, review of top and worst performing funds requiring further scrutiny, review of variance from prior periods and review of variance from benchmarks, where applicable. In addition, the Company considers both macro and fund specific events that may impact the latest NAV supplied and determines if further adjustments of value should be made. Such changes, if any, are subject to senior management review.

When a price cannot be obtained from a commercial pricing service, independent broker quotes are solicited. Securities priced using independent broker quotes are classified as Level 3. Broker quotes and prices obtained from pricing services are reviewed and validated through an internal valuation committee price variance review, comparisons to internal pricing models, back testing to recent trades or monitoring of trading volumes.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The carrying amounts for cash reflect the assets’ fair values. The fair value for cash equivalents is determined based on quoted market prices. These assets are classified as Level 1.

CLOs

Corporate loans: Corporate loan investments, which comprise the majority of consolidated CLO portfolio collateral, are senior secured corporate loans maturing at various dates between 2018 and 2026, paying interest at LIBOR, EURIBOR or PRIME plus a spread of up to 10.5%. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the unpaid principal balance exceeded the fair value of the corporate loans by approximately $9 and $17, respectively. Less than 1.0% of the collateral assets were in default as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

The fair values for corporate loans are determined using independent commercial pricing services. Fair value measurement based on pricing services may be classified in Level 2 or Level 3 depending on the type, complexity, observability and liquidity of the asset being measured. The inputs used by independent commercial pricing services, such as benchmark yields and credit risk adjustments, are those that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. Hence, the fair value measurement of corporate loans priced by independent pricing service providers is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. In addition, there are assets held with CLO portfolios that represent senior level debt of other third party CLOs. These CLO investments are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. See description of fair value process for CLO notes below.

CLO notes: The CLO notes are backed by a diversified loan portfolio consisting primarily of senior secured floating rate leveraged loans. Repayment risk is segmented into tranches with credit ratings of these tranches reflecting both the credit quality of underlying collateral as well as how much protection a given tranche is afforded by tranches that are subordinate to it. The most subordinated tranche bears the first loss and receives the residual payments, if any. The interest rates are generally variable rates based on LIBOR plus a pre-defined spread, which varies from 0.7% for the more senior tranches to 5.4% for the more subordinated tranches. CLO notes mature in 2026 and have a weighted average maturity of 8.1 years as of June 30, 2018. The investors in this debt are not affiliated with the Company and have no recourse to the general credit of the Company for this debt.

The fair values of the CLO notes are measured based on the fair value of the CLO's corporate loans, as the Company uses the measurement alternative available under ASU 2014-13 and determined that the inputs for measuring financial assets are more observable. The CLO notes are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, consistent with the classification of the majority of the CLO financial assets.

The Company reviews the detailed prices including comparisons to prior periods for reasonableness. The Company utilizes a formal pricing challenge process to request a review of any price during which time the vendor examines its assumptions and relevant market inputs to determine if a price change is warranted.


 
84
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The following narrative indicates the sensitivity of inputs:

•
Default Rate: An increase (decrease) in the expected default rate would likely increase (decrease) the discount margin (increase risk premium) used to value the CLO investments and CLO notes and, as a result, would potentially decrease the value of the CLO investments and CLO notes.
•
Recovery Rate: A decrease (increase) in the expected recovery of defaulted assets would potentially decrease (increase) the valuation of CLO investments and CLO notes.
•
Prepayment Rate: A decrease (increase) in the expected rate of collateral prepayments would potentially decrease (increase) the valuation of CLO investments and CLO notes as the expected weighted average life ("WAL") would increase (decrease).
•
Discount Margin (spread over LIBOR): An increase (decrease) in the discount margin used to value the CLO investments and CLO notes and would decrease (increase) the value of the CLO investments and CLO notes.

Private Equity Funds

As prescribed in ASC Topic 820, the unit of account for these investments is the interest in the investee fund. The Company owns an undivided interest in the fund portfolio and does not have the ability to dispose of individual assets and liabilities in the fund portfolio. Rather, the Company would be required to redeem or dispose of its entire interest in the investee fund. There is no current active market for interests in underlying private equity funds.

Valuation is generally based on the valuations provided by the fund's general partner or investment manager. The valuations typically reflect the fair value of the Company's capital account balance of each fund investment, including unrealized capital gains (losses), as reported in the financial statements of the respective investee fund as of the respective year end or the latest available date. In circumstances where fair values are not provided, the Company seeks to determine the fair value of fund investments based upon other information provided by the fund's general partner or investment manager or from other sources.

The fair value of securities received in-kind from fund investments is determined based on the restrictions around the securities.

•
Unrestricted, publicly traded securities are valued at the closing public market price on the reporting date;
•
Restricted, publicly traded securities may be valued at a discount from the closing public market price on the reporting date, depending on the circumstances; and
•
Privately held securities are valued by the directors/general partner of the investee fund, based on a variety of factors, including the price of recent transactions in the company's securities and the company's earnings, revenue and book value.

In the case of direct investments or co-investments in private equity companies, the Company initially recognizes investments at cost and subsequently adjusts investments to fair value. On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews the general partner or lead investor's valuation of the investee company, taking into account other available information, such as indications of a market value through subsequent issues of capital or transactions between third parties, performance of the investee company during the period and public, comparable companies' analysis, where appropriate.

Investments in these funds typically may not be fully redeemed at NAV within 90 days because of inherent restriction on near term redemptions.

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, certain private equity funds maintained term loans and revolving lines of credit of $883 and $688, respectively. The term loans renew every three years and the revolving lines of credit renew annually; all loans bear interest at LIBOR/EURIBOR plus 150 - 155 bps. The lines of credit are used for funding transactions before capital is called from investors, as well as for the financing of certain purchases. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, outstanding borrowings amount to $553 and $505, respectively.

On February 1, 2018, Pomona Investment Fund entered into a three-year revolving credit agreement with Credit Suisse. The initial size of the facility was $8; the loan bears interest at LIBOR plus 325 bps and has a commitment fee of 160 bps. There was no outstanding borrowing as of June 30, 2018.

 
85
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The borrowings are reflected in Liabilities related to consolidated investment entities - other liabilities on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The borrowings are carried at an amount equal to the unpaid principal balance.

The following table summarizes the fair value hierarchy levels of consolidated investment entities as of June 30, 2018:
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
NAV
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VIEs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
86

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
86

Corporate loans, at fair value using the fair value option
—

 
458

 
—

 
—

 
458

Limited partnerships/corporations, at fair value
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,643

 
1,643

VOEs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Limited partnerships/corporations, at fair value
—

 
—

 
—

 
88

 
88

Total assets, at fair value
$
86

 
$
458

 
$
—

 
$
1,731

 
$
2,275

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VIEs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CLO notes, at fair value using the fair value option
$
—

 
$
491

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
491

Total liabilities, at fair value
$
—

 
$
491

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
491


The following table summarizes the fair value hierarchy levels of consolidated investment entities as of December 31, 2017:
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
NAV
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VIEs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
216

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
216

Corporate loans, at fair value using the fair value option
—

 
1,089

 
—

 
—

 
1,089

Limited partnerships/corporations, at fair value
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,714

 
1,714

VOEs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

Limited partnerships/corporations, at fair value
—

 
—

 
—

 
81

 
81

Total assets, at fair value
$
217

 
$
1,089

 
$
—

 
$
1,795

 
$
3,101

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
VIEs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CLO notes, at fair value using the fair value option
$
—

 
$
1,047

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,047

Total liabilities, at fair value
$
—

 
$
1,047

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1,047



 
86
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Transfers of investments out of Level 3 and into Level 2 or Level 1, if any, are recorded as of the beginning of the period in which the transfer occurred. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no transfers in or out of Level 3 or transfers between Level 1 and Level 2.

Deconsolidation of Certain Investment Entities

During the three and six months months ended June 30, 2018, the Company determined it was no longer the primary beneficiary of one and two consolidated CLOs, respectively, due to a reduction in the Company’s investment in the CLO. This caused a reduction in the Company's obligation to absorb losses and right to receive benefits of the CLO that could potentially be significant to the CLO. As a result of this determination, the Company deconsolidated one and two investment entities, respectively, during the three and six months months ended June 30, 2018. The Company deconsolidated two investment entities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

CLOs

In addition to the consolidated CLOs, the Company also holds variable interest in certain CLOs that are not consolidated as it has been determined that the Company is not the primary beneficiary. With these CLOs, the Company serves as the investment manager and receives investment management fees and contingent performance fees. Generally, the Company does not hold any interest in the nonconsolidated CLOs but if it does, such ownership has been deemed to be insignificant. The Company has not provided, and is not obligated to provide, any financial or other support to these entities.

The Company reviews its assumptions on a periodic basis to determine if conditions have changed such that the projection of these contingent fees becomes significant enough to reconsider the Company's consolidation status as variable interest holder. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company held $488 and $321 ownership interests, respectively, in unconsolidated CLOs.

Limited Partnerships

The Company manages or holds investments in certain private equity funds and hedge funds. With these entities, the Company serves as the investment manager and is entitled to receive at-market investment management fees and at-market contingent performance fees. The Company does not consolidate any of these investment funds for which it is not considered to be the primary beneficiary.

In addition, the Company does not consolidate the funds in which its involvement takes a form of a limited partner interest and is restricted to a role of a passive investor, as a limited partner's interest does not provide the Company with any substantive kick-out or participating rights, nor does it provide the Company with power to direct the activities of the fund.

The following table presents the carrying amounts of the variable interests in VIEs in which the Company concluded that it holds a variable interest, but is not the primary beneficiary as of the dates indicated. The Company determines its maximum exposure to loss to be: (i) the amount invested in the debt or equity of the VIE and (ii) other commitments and guarantees to the VIE.

Variable Interests on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
 
 Carrying Amount
 
Maximum exposure to loss
 
 Carrying Amount
 
Maximum exposure to loss
Fixed maturities, available for sale
$
488

 
$
488

 
$
321

 
$
321

Limited partnership/corporations
1,070

 
1,070

 
784

 
784



 
87
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Securitizations

The Company invests in various tranches of securitization entities, including RMBS, CMBS and ABS. Through its investments, the Company is not obligated to provide any financial or other support to these entities. Each of the RMBS, CMBS and ABS entities are thinly capitalized by design and considered VIEs. The Company's involvement with these entities is limited to that of a passive investor. The Company has no unilateral right to appoint or remove the servicer, special servicer or investment manager, which are generally viewed to have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the securitization entities' economic performance, in any of these entities, nor does the Company function in any of these roles. The Company, through its investments or other arrangements, does not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. Therefore, the Company is not the primary beneficiary and does not consolidate any of the RMBS, CMBS and ABS entities in which it holds investments. These investments are accounted for as investments available-for-sale as described in the Fair Value Measurements (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities) Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and unrealized capital gains (losses) on these securities are recorded directly in AOCI, except for certain RMBS which are accounted for under the FVO whose change in fair value is reflected in Other net realized gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these structured investments is limited to the amount of its investment. Refer to the Investments (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities) Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for details regarding the carrying amounts and classifications of these assets.

15.     Restructuring

2016 Restructuring

In 2016, the Company began implementing a series of initiatives designed to make it a simpler, more agile company able to deliver an enhanced customer experience ("2016 Restructuring"). These initiatives include an increasing emphasis on less capital-intensive products and the achievement of operational synergies.

On July 31, 2017, the Company executed a variable 5-year information technology services agreement with a third-party service provider at an expected annualized cost of $70 - $90 per year, with a total cumulative 5-year cost of approximately $400, subject to potential reduction as a result of the Organizational Restructuring program discussed below. This initiative, which is a component of the Company’s 2016 Restructuring program, improves expense efficiency and upgrades the Company's technology capabilities. Entry into this agreement resulted in severance, asset write-off, transition and other implementation costs. From inception through completion of these initiatives, the Company expects to incur total restructuring expenses for asset-write off of $16 and transition costs of approximately $35.

Total 2016 Restructuring expenses are reflected in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, but excluded from Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes. These expenses are classified as a component of Other adjustments to Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and consequently are not included in the adjusted operating results of the Company's segments.

The expected completion date for all 2016 Restructuring initiatives is the end of 2018. As the Company finalizes these initiatives, it may incur restructuring expenses in addition to those described above in one or more periods through the end of 2018. These costs are not expected to be material.


 
88
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The summary below presents 2016 Restructuring expenses, pre-tax, by type of costs incurred, for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Cumulative Amounts Incurred to Date
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
Severance benefits
$
(2
)
 
$
3

 
$
4

 
$
13

 
$
64

Asset write-off costs
—

*
—

 
—

*
—

 
16

Transition costs
1

 
—

 
6

 
—

 
23

Other costs
4

 
2

 
7

 
4

 
30

Total restructuring expenses
$
3

 
$
5

 
$
17

 
$
17

 
$
133

*Less than $1.

The following table presents the accrued liability associated with 2016 Restructuring expenses as of June 30, 2018:
 
Severance Benefits
 
Transition Costs
 
Other Costs
 
Total
Accrued liability as of January 1, 2018
$
30

 
$
17

 
$
3

 
$
50

Provision
6

 
6

 
7

 
19

Payments
(21
)
 
(10
)
 
(7
)
 
(38
)
Other adjustments(1)
(2
)
 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
Accrued liability as of June 30, 2018
$
13

 
$
13

 
$
3

(2) 
$
29

(1)Represents net write-downs of accruals, not associated with payments.
(2)Represents services performed but not yet paid.

Organizational Restructuring

As a result of the closing of the Transaction, the Company is undertaking further restructuring efforts to execute the Transaction and reduce stranded expenses associated with its CBVA and fixed and fixed indexed annuities businesses, as well as its corporate and shared services functions ("Organizational Restructuring"). These activities have and will result in recognition of severance and other restructuring expenses. Restructuring expenses that are directly related to the preparation for and execution of the Transaction are included in discontinued operations. Other restructuring expenses arising from related organizational restructuring are included in continuing operations.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, total Organizational Restructuring expenses include $8 and $6, respectively, which are reflected in Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Refer to the Discontinued Operations Note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, total Organizational Restructuring expenses also include $7 and $12 associated with continuing operations, respectively, which are reflected in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, but excluded from Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes. The Company will continue to develop and approve Organizational Restructuring initiatives to simplify the organization, and expects to incur additional restructuring expenses associated with continuing operations in one or more periods through the end of 2019. These additional costs, which may include severance, transition and other costs, cannot currently be estimated but could be material.


 
89
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The summary below presents Organizational Restructuring expenses, pre-tax, by type of costs incurred, for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Cumulative Amounts Incurred to Date
 
2018
 
2018
 
Severance benefits
$
3

 
$
5

 
$
9

Other costs(1)
12

 
13

 
13

Total restructuring expenses
$
15

 
$
18

 
$
22

(1)Consists primarily of consulting costs.

The following table presents the accrued liability associated with Organizational Restructuring expenses as of June 30, 2018:
 
Severance Benefits
 
Other Costs
 
Total
Accrued liability as of January 1, 2018
$
4

 
$
—

 
$
4

Provision
7

 
13

 
20

Payments
(4
)
 
(6
)
 
(10
)
Other adjustments(1)
(2
)
 
—

 
(2
)
Accrued liability as of June 30, 2018
$
5

 
$
7

 
$
12

(1)Represents net write-downs of accruals, not associated with payments.

16.    Segments

As a result of the Transaction disclosed in the Discontinued Operations Note, which resulted in the disposition of substantially all of the Company's CBVA and Annuities businesses, the Company evaluated its segments and determined that the Retained Business that are not components of the disposed businesses under the Transaction are insignificant. As such, the Company no longer reports its CBVA and Annuities businesses as segments and includes the results of the Retained Business in Corporate.

The Company provides its principal products and services through four segments: Retirement, Investment Management, Employee Benefits, and Individual Life.


 
90
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Measurement

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes is a measure used by management to evaluate segment performance. The Company believes that Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes provides a meaningful measure of its business and segment performances and enhances the understanding of the Company’s financial results by focusing on the operating performance and trends of the underlying business segments and excluding items that tend to be highly variable from period to period based on capital market conditions and/or other factors. The Company uses the same accounting policies and procedures to measure segment Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes as it does for the directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes. Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes does not replace Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes as the U.S. GAAP measure of the Company’s consolidated results of operations. Therefore, the Company believes that it is useful to evaluate both Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes when reviewing the Company’s financial and operating performance. Each segment’s Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes is calculated by adjusting Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes for the following items:

•
Net investment gains (losses), net of related amortization of DAC, VOBA, sales inducements and unearned revenue, which are significantly influenced by economic and market conditions, including interest rates and credit spreads, and are not indicative of normal operations. Net investment gains (losses) include gains (losses) on the sale of securities, impairments, changes in the fair value of investments using the FVO unrelated to the implied loan-backed security income recognition for certain mortgage-backed obligations and changes in the fair value of derivative instruments, excluding realized gains (losses) associated with swap settlements and accrued interest;

•
Net guaranteed benefit hedging gains (losses), which are significantly influenced by economic and market conditions and are not indicative of normal operations, include changes in the fair value of derivatives related to guaranteed benefits, net of related reserve increases (decreases) and net of related amortization of DAC, VOBA and sales inducements, less the estimated cost of these benefits. The estimated cost, which is reflected in operating results, reflects the expected cost of these benefits if markets perform in line with the Company's long-term expectations and includes the cost of hedging. Other derivative and reserve changes related to guaranteed benefits are excluded from adjusted operating earnings, including the impacts related to changes in the Company's nonperformance spread;

•
Income (loss) related to businesses exited through reinsurance or divestment that do not qualify as discontinued operations, which includes gains and (losses) associated with transactions to exit blocks of business (including net investment gains (losses) on securities sold and expenses directly related to these transactions) and residual run-off activity; these gains and (losses) are often related to infrequent events and do not reflect performance of operating segments. Excluding this activity better reveals trends in the Company's core business, which would be obscured by including the effects of business exited, and more closely aligns Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes with how the Company manages its segments;

•
Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest, which represents the interest of shareholders, other than the Company, in consolidated entities. Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest represents such shareholders' interests in the gains and (losses) of those entities, or the attribution of results from consolidated VIEs or VOEs to which the Company is not economically entitled;

•
Income (loss) related to early extinguishment of debt, which includes losses incurred as a result of transactions where the Company repurchases outstanding principal amounts of debt; these losses are excluded from Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes since the outcome of decisions to restructure debt are not indicative of normal operations;

•
Impairment of goodwill, value of management contract rights and value of customer relationships acquired, which includes losses as a result of impairment analysis; these represent losses related to infrequent events and do not reflect normal, cash-settled expenses;

•
Immediate recognition of net actuarial gains (losses) related to the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit obligations and gains (losses) from plan amendments and curtailments, which includes actuarial gains and losses as a result of differences between actual and expected experience on pension plan assets or projected benefit obligation during

 
91
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

a given period. The Company immediately recognizes actuarial gains and (losses) related to pension and other postretirement benefit obligations and gains and losses from plan adjustments and curtailments. These amounts do not reflect normal, cash-settled expenses and are not indicative of current Operating expense fundamentals; and

•
Other items not indicative of normal operations or performance of the Company's segments or may be related to infrequent events including capital or organizational restructurings including certain costs related to debt and equity offerings as well as stock and/or cash based deal contingent awards; expenses associated with the rebranding of Voya Financial, Inc.; severance and other third-party expenses associated with Restructuring. These items vary widely in timing, scope and frequency between periods as well as between companies to which the Company is compared. Accordingly, the Company adjusts for these items as management believes that these items distort the ability to make a meaningful evaluation of the current and future performance of the Company's segments. Additionally, with respect to restructuring, these costs represent changes in operations rather than investments in the future capabilities of the Company's operating businesses.

The summary below reconciles Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes for the segments to Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
$
241

 
$
155

 
$
262

 
$
268

Less Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment gains (losses) and related charges and adjustments
(40
)
 
2

 
(101
)
 
(18
)
Net guaranteed benefit hedging gains (losses) and related charges and adjustments
2

 
(1
)
 
(12
)
 
7

Income (loss) related to businesses exited through reinsurance or divestment
(8
)
 
1

 
(53
)
 
(4
)
Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
58

 
52

 
58

 
53

Loss related to early extinguishment of debt
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
(1
)
Other adjustments
(9
)
 
(6
)
 
(28
)
 
(21
)
Total adjustments to income (loss) from continuing operations
$
3

 
$
48

 
$
(139
)
 
$
16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes by segment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retirement
$
169

 
$
33

 
$
278

 
$
181

Investment Management
52

 
85

 
113

 
134

Employee Benefits
35

 
27

 
67

 
38

Individual Life
41

 
62

 
58

 
94

Corporate(1)
(59
)
 
(100
)
 
(115
)
 
(195
)
Total
$
238

 
$
107

 
$
401

 
$
252

(1) Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes for Corporate includes Net investment gains (losses) and Net guaranteed benefit hedging gains (losses) associated with the Retained Business in the prior period. These amounts are insignificant and do not distort the ability to make a meaningful evaluation of the trends of Corporate activities.


 
92
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Adjusted operating revenues is a measure of the Company's segment revenues. Each segment's Operating revenues are calculated by adjusting Total revenues to exclude the following items:

•
Net investment gains (losses) and related charges and adjustments, which are significantly influenced by economic and market conditions, including interest rates and credit spreads and are not indicative of normal operations. Net investment gains (losses) include gains (losses) on the sale of securities, impairments, changes in the fair value of investments using the FVO unrelated to the implied loan-backed security income recognition for certain mortgage-backed obligations and changes in the fair value of derivative instruments, excluding realized gains (losses) associated with swap settlements and accrued interest. These are net of related amortization of unearned revenue;

•
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives related to guaranteed benefits, which is significantly influenced by economic and market conditions and not indicative of normal operations, includes changes in the fair value of derivatives related to guaranteed benefits, less the estimated cost of these benefits. The estimated cost, which is reflected in Adjusted operating revenues, reflects the expected cost of these benefits if markets perform in line with the Company's long-term expectations and includes the cost of hedging. Other derivative and reserve changes related to guaranteed benefits are excluded from Adjusted operating revenues, including the impacts related to changes in the Company's nonperformance spread;

•
Revenues related to businesses exited through reinsurance or divestment that do not qualify as discontinued operations, which includes revenues associated with transactions to exit blocks of business (including net investment gains (losses) on securities sold related to these transactions) and residual run-off activity; these gains and (losses) are often related to infrequent events and do not reflect performance of operating segments. Excluding this activity better reveals trends in the Company's core business, which would be obscured by including the effects of business exited, and more closely aligns Operating revenues with how the Company manages its segments;

•
Revenues attributable to noncontrolling interest, which represents the interests of shareholders, other than the Company, in consolidated entities. Revenues attributable to noncontrolling interest represents such shareholders' interests in the gains and losses of those entities, or the attribution of results from consolidated VIEs or VOEs to which the Company is not economically entitled; and

•
Other adjustments to Total revenues primarily reflect fee income earned by the Company's broker-dealers for sales of non-proprietary products, which are reflected net of commission expense in the Company's segments’ operating revenues, other items where the income is passed on to third parties and the elimination of intercompany investment expenses included in Adjusted operating revenues.


 
93
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The summary below reconciles Adjusted operating revenues for the segments to Total revenues for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Total revenues
$
2,113

 
$
2,191

 
$
4,080

 
$
4,248

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net realized investment gains (losses) and related charges and adjustments
(49
)
 
(1
)
 
(122
)
 
(28
)
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives related to guaranteed benefits
4

 
1

 
(3
)
 
10

Revenues related to businesses exited through reinsurance or divestment
(18
)
 
48

 
(58
)
 
68

Revenues attributable to noncontrolling interest
76

 
82

 
82

 
101

Other adjustments
67

 
50

 
125

 
101

Total adjustments to revenues
80

 
180

 
24

 
252

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted operating revenues by segment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retirement
670

 
630

 
1,332

 
1,255

Investment Management
171

 
204

 
356

 
375

Employee Benefits
460

 
443

 
913

 
890

Individual Life
641

 
629

 
1,272

 
1,259

Corporate(1)
91

 
105

 
183

 
217

Total
$
2,033

 
$
2,011

 
$
4,056

 
$
3,996

(1) Adjusted operating revenues for Corporate includes Net investment gains (losses) and Gains (losses) on change in fair value of derivatives related to guaranteed benefits associated with the Retained Business in the prior period. These amounts are insignificant and do not distort the ability to make a meaningful evaluation of the trends of Corporate activities.

Other Segment Information

The Investment Management segment revenues include the following intersegment revenues, primarily consisting of asset-based management and administration fees for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Investment Management intersegment revenues
$
39

 
$
43

 
$
82

 
$
87



 
94
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

The summary below presents Total assets for the Company’s segments as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Retirement
$
111,347

 
$
111,476

Investment Management
612

 
626

Employee Benefits
2,605

 
2,657

Individual Life
27,189

 
27,301

Corporate
19,084

 
18,685

Total assets, before consolidation(1)
160,837

 
160,745

Consolidation of investment entities
1,903

 
2,735

Total assets, excluding assets held for sale
162,740

 
163,480

Assets held for sale
—

 
59,052

Total assets
$
162,740

 
$
222,532

(1) Total assets, before consolidation includes the Company's direct investments in CIEs prior to consolidation, which are accounted for using the equity method or fair value option.

17.    Condensed Consolidating Financial Information

The accompanying condensed consolidating financial information has been prepared and presented pursuant to SEC Regulation S-X, Rule 3-10, "Financial Statements of Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities Registered or Being Registered" ("Rule 3-10"). The condensed consolidating financial information presents the financial position of Voya Financial, Inc. ("Parent Issuer"), Voya Holdings ("Subsidiary Guarantor") and all other subsidiaries ("Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries") of the Company as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, their results of operations and comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, and statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

The 5.5% senior notes due 2022, the 5.7% senior notes due 2043, the 3.65% senior notes due 2026, the 4.8% senior notes due 2046, the 3.125% senior notes due 2024 (collectively, the "Senior Notes"), the 5.65% fixed-to-floating rate junior subordinated notes due 2053 and the 4.7% fixed-to-floating junior subordinated notes due 2048 (collectively, the "Junior Subordinated Notes"), each issued by Parent Issuer, are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Subsidiary Guarantor, a 100% owned subsidiary of Parent Issuer. No other subsidiary of Parent Issuer guarantees the Senior Notes or the Junior Subordinated Notes. Rule 3-10(h) provides that a guarantee is full and unconditional if, when the issuer of a guaranteed security has failed to make a scheduled payment, the guarantor is obligated to make the scheduled payment immediately and, if it does not, any holder of the guaranteed security may immediately bring suit directly against the guarantor for payment of amounts due and payable. In the event that Parent Issuer does not fulfill the guaranteed obligations, any holder of the Senior Notes or the Junior Subordinated Notes may immediately bring a claim against Subsidiary Guarantor for amounts due and payable.

The following condensed consolidating financial information is presented in conformance with the components of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for using the equity method for purposes of illustrating the consolidating presentation. Equity in the subsidiaries is therefore reflected in the Parent Issuer's and Subsidiary Guarantor's Investment in subsidiaries and Equity in earnings of subsidiaries. Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries represent all other subsidiaries on a combined basis. The consolidating adjustments presented herein eliminate investments in subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions.

 
95
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
June 30, 2018
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
46,119

 
$
(15
)
 
$
46,104

Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option
—

 
—

 
2,983

 
—

 
2,983

Equity securities, at fair value
116

 
—

 
269

 
—

 
385

Short-term investments
—

 
—

 
102

 
—

 
102

Mortgage loans on real estate, net of valuation allowance
—

 
—

 
8,904

 
—

 
8,904

Policy loans
—

 
—

 
1,849

 
—

 
1,849

Limited partnerships/corporations
—

 
—

 
1,070

 
—

 
1,070

Derivatives
50

 
—

 
425

 
(99
)
 
376

Investments in subsidiaries
10,213

 
6,731

 
—

 
(16,944
)
 
—

Other investments
—

 
—

 
90

 
—

 
90

Securities pledged
—

 
—

 
1,994

 
—

 
1,994

Total investments
10,379

 
6,731

 
63,805

 
(17,058
)
 
63,857

Cash and cash equivalents
269

 
260

 
1,005

 
—

 
1,534

Short-term investments under securities loan agreements, including collateral delivered
11

 
—

 
1,668

 
—

 
1,679

Accrued investment income
—

 
—

 
674

 
—

 
674

Premium receivable and reinsurance recoverable
—

 
—

 
7,617

 
—

 
7,617

Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired
—

 
—

 
4,008

 
—

 
4,008

Current income taxes
57

 
9

 
(43
)
 
—

 
23

Deferred income taxes
657

 
23

 
586

 
—

 
1,266

Loans to subsidiaries and affiliates
179

 
—

 
—

 
(179
)
 
—

Due from subsidiaries and affiliates
3

 
—

 
3

 
(6
)
 
—

Other assets
37

 
—

 
1,115

 
—

 
1,152

Assets related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Limited partnerships/corporations, at fair value
—

 
—

 
1,731

 
—

 
1,731

Cash and cash equivalents
—

 
—

 
86

 
—

 
86

Corporate loans, at fair value using the fair value option
—

 
—

 
458

 
—

 
458

Other assets
—

 
—

 
13

 
—

 
13

Assets held in separate accounts
—

 
—

 
78,642

 
—

 
78,642

Total assets
$
11,592

 
$
7,023

 
$
161,368

 
$
(17,243
)
 
$
162,740



 
96
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet (Continued)
June 30, 2018
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Future policy benefits
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
15,191

 
$
—

 
$
15,191

Contract owner account balances
—

 
—

 
50,789

 
—

 
50,789

Payables under securities loan agreement, including collateral held
—

 
—

 
1,957

 
—

 
1,957

Short-term debt
—

 
—

 
180

 
(179
)
 
1

Long-term debt
3,027

 
428

 
18

 
(15
)
 
3,458

Derivatives
50

 
—

 
166

 
(99
)
 
117

Pension and other postretirement provisions
—

 
—

 
527

 
—

 
527

Due to subsidiaries and affiliates
1

 
—

 
3

 
(4
)
 
—

Other liabilities
54

 
56

 
1,587

 
(2
)
 
1,695

Liabilities related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized loan obligations notes, at fair value using the fair value option
—

 
—

 
491

 
—

 
491

Other liabilities
—

 
—

 
630

 
—

 
630

Liabilities related to separate accounts
—

 
—

 
78,642

 
—

 
78,642

Total liabilities
3,132

 
484

 
150,181

 
(299
)
 
153,498

Shareholders' equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Voya Financial, Inc. shareholders' equity
8,460

 
6,539

 
10,405

 
(16,944
)
 
8,460

Noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
782

 
—

 
782

Total shareholders' equity
8,460

 
6,539

 
11,187

 
(16,944
)
 
9,242

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
11,592

 
$
7,023

 
$
161,368

 
$
(17,243
)
 
$
162,740


 
97
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
December 31, 2017
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, at fair value
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
48,344

 
$
(15
)
 
$
48,329

Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option
—

 
—

 
3,018

 
—

 
3,018

Equity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value
115

 
—

 
265

 
—

 
380

Short-term investments
212

 
—

 
259

 
—

 
471

Mortgage loans on real estate, net of valuation allowance
—

 
—

 
8,686

 
—

 
8,686

Policy loans
—

 
—

 
1,888

 
—

 
1,888

Limited partnerships/corporations
—

 
—

 
784

 
—

 
784

Derivatives
49

 
—

 
445

 
(97
)
 
397

Investments in subsidiaries
12,293

 
7,618

 
—

 
(19,911
)
 
—

Other investments
—

 
1

 
46

 
—

 
47

Securities pledged
—

 
—

 
2,087

 
—

 
2,087

Total investments
12,669

 
7,619

 
65,822

 
(20,023
)
 
66,087

Cash and cash equivalents
244

 
1

 
973

 
—

 
1,218

Short-term investments under securities loan agreements, including collateral delivered
11

 
—

 
1,615

 
—

 
1,626

Accrued investment income
—

 
—

 
667

 
—

 
667

Premium receivable and reinsurance recoverable
—

 
—

 
7,632

 
—

 
7,632

Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired
—

 
—

 
3,374

 
—

 
3,374

Current income taxes
—

 
6

 
(2
)
 
—

 
4

Deferred income taxes
406

 
22

 
353

 
—

 
781

Loans to subsidiaries and affiliates
191

 
—

 
418

 
(609
)
 
—

Due from subsidiaries and affiliates
2

 
—

 
3

 
(5
)
 
—

Other assets
16

 
—

 
1,294

 
—

 
1,310

Assets related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Limited partnerships/corporations, at fair value
—

 
—

 
1,795

 
—

 
1,795

Cash and cash equivalents
—

 
—

 
217

 
—

 
217

Corporate loans, at fair value using the fair value option
—

 
—

 
1,089

 
—

 
1,089

Other assets
—

 
—

 
75

 
—

 
75

Assets held in separate accounts
—

 
—

 
77,605

 
—

 
77,605

Assets held for sale
—

 
—

 
59,052

 
—

 
59,052

Total assets
$
13,539

 
$
7,648

 
$
221,982

 
$
(20,637
)
 
$
222,532



 
98
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet (Continued)
December 31, 2017
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Future policy benefits
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
15,647

 
$
—

 
$
15,647

Contract owner account balances
—

 
—

 
50,158

 
—

 
50,158

Payables under securities loan agreement, including collateral held
—

 
—

 
1,866

 
—

 
1,866

Short-term debt
755

 
68

 
123

 
(609
)
 
337

Long-term debt
2,681

 
438

 
19

 
(15
)
 
3,123

Derivatives
49

 
—

 
197

 
(97
)
 
149

Pension and other postretirement provisions
—

 
—

 
550

 
—

 
550

Due to subsidiaries and affiliates
1

 
—

 
2

 
(3
)
 
—

Other liabilities
44

 
12

 
2,022

 
(2
)
 
2,076

Liabilities related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized loan obligations notes, at fair value using the fair value option
—

 
—

 
1,047

 
—

 
1,047

Other liabilities
—

 
—

 
658

 
—

 
658

Liabilities related to separate accounts
—

 
—

 
77,605

 
—

 
77,605

Liabilities held for sale
—

 
—

 
58,277

 
—

 
58,277

Total liabilities
3,530

 
518

 
208,171

 
(726
)
 
211,493

Shareholders' equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Voya Financial, Inc. shareholders' equity
10,009

 
7,130

 
12,781

 
(19,911
)
 
10,009

Noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
1,030

 
—

 
1,030

Total shareholders' equity
10,009

 
7,130

 
13,811

 
(19,911
)
 
11,039

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
13,539

 
$
7,648

 
$
221,982

 
$
(20,637
)
 
$
222,532




 
99
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
$
5

 
$
1

 
$
810

 
$
(3
)
 
$
813

Fee income
—

 
—

 
660

 
—

 
660

Premiums
—

 
—

 
533

 
—

 
533

Net realized capital gains (losses):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total other-than-temporary impairments
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Less: Portion of other-than-temporary impairments recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss)
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

Net other-than-temporary impairments recognized in earnings
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
(1
)
Other net realized capital gains (losses)
—

 
—

 
(119
)
 
—

 
(119
)
Total net realized capital gains (losses)
—

 
—

 
(120
)
 
—

 
(120
)
Other revenue
(5
)
 
—

 
106

 
—

 
101

Income (loss) related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
—

 
—

 
126

 
—

 
126

Total revenues
—

 
1

 
2,115

 
(3
)
 
2,113

Benefits and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policyholder benefits
—

 
—

 
706

 
—

 
706

Interest credited to contract owner account balances
—

 
—

 
382

 
—

 
382

Operating expenses
1

 
—

 
644

 
—

 
645

Net amortization of Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired
—

 
—

 
74

 
—

 
74

Interest expense
40

 
9

 
—

 
(3
)
 
46

Operating expenses related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
—

 
—

 
16

 
—

 
16

Other expense
—

 
—

 
3

 
—

 
3

Total benefits and expenses
41

 
9

 
1,825

 
(3
)
 
1,872

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
(41
)
 
(8
)
 
290

 
—

 
241

Income tax expense (benefit)
(313
)
 
(2
)
 
351

 
9

 
45

Income (loss) from continuing operations
272

 
(6
)
 
(61
)
 
(9
)
 
196

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
—

 
28

 
—

 
28

Net income (loss) before equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates
272

 
(6
)
 
(33
)
 
(9
)
 
224

Equity in earnings (losses) of subsidiaries, net of tax
(106
)
 
269

 
—

 
(163
)
 
—

Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest
166

 
263

 
(33
)
 
(172
)
 
224

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
58

 
—

 
58

Net income (loss) available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
166

 
$
263

 
$
(91
)
 
$
(172
)
 
$
166


 
100
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
$
7

 
$
1

 
$
1,635

 
$
(7
)
 
$
1,636

Fee income
—

 
—

 
1,336

 
—

 
1,336

Premiums
—

 
—

 
1,072

 
—

 
1,072

Net realized capital gains (losses):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total other-than-temporary impairments
—

 
—

 
(14
)
 
—

 
(14
)
Less: Portion of other-than-temporary impairments recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss)
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

Net other-than-temporary impairments recognized in earnings
—

 
—

 
(15
)
 
—

 
(15
)
Other net realized capital gains (losses)
—

 
—

 
(286
)
 
—

 
(286
)
Total net realized capital gains (losses)
—

 
—

 
(301
)
 
—

 
(301
)
Other revenue
(5
)
 
—

 
205

 
—

 
200

Income (loss) related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
—

 
—

 
137

 
—

 
137

Total revenues
2

 
1

 
4,084

 
(7
)
 
4,080

Benefits and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policyholder benefits
—

 
—

 
1,414

 
—

 
1,414

Interest credited to contract owner account balances
—

 
—

 
764

 
—

 
764

Operating expenses
6

 
—

 
1,339

 
—

 
1,345

Net amortization of Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired
—

 
—

 
174

 
—

 
174

Interest expense
80

 
20

 
2

 
(7
)
 
95

Operating expenses related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
—

 
—

 
22

 
—

 
22

Other expense
—

 
—

 
4

 
—

 
4

Total benefits and expenses
86

 
20

 
3,719

 
(7
)
 
3,818

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
(84
)
 
(19
)
 
365

 
—

 
262

Income tax expense (benefit)
(313
)
 
(5
)
 
367

 
—

 
49

Income (loss) from continuing operations
229

 
(14
)
 
(2
)
 
—

 
213

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
—

 
457

 
—

 
457

Net income (loss) before equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates
229

 
(14
)
 
455

 
—

 
670

Equity in earnings (losses) of subsidiaries, net of tax
383

 
1,087

 
—

 
(1,470
)
 
—

Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest
612

 
1,073

 
455

 
(1,470
)
 
670

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
58

 
—

 
58

Net income (loss) available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
612

 
$
1,073

 
$
397

 
$
(1,470
)
 
$
612


 
101
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
$
7

 
$
—

 
$
830

 
$
(5
)
 
$
832

Fee income
—

 
—

 
639

 
—

 
639

Premiums
—

 
—

 
526

 
—

 
526

Net realized capital gains (losses):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total other-than-temporary impairments
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
(1
)
Less: Portion of other-than-temporary impairments recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net other-than-temporary impairments recognized in earnings
—

 
—

 
(1
)
 
—

 
(1
)
Other net realized capital gains (losses)
—

 
—

 
(24
)
 
—

 
(24
)
Total net realized capital gains (losses)
—

 
—

 
(25
)
 
—

 
(25
)
Other revenue
—

 
—

 
90

 
—

 
90

Income (loss) related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
—

 
—

 
129

 
—

 
129

Total revenues
7

 
—

 
2,189

 
(5
)
 
2,191

Benefits and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policyholder benefits
—

 
—

 
733

 
—

 
733

Interest credited to contract owner account balances
—

 
—

 
403

 
—

 
403

Operating expenses
3

 
—

 
627

 
—

 
630

Net amortization of Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired
—

 
—

 
195

 
—

 
195

Interest expense
38

 
9

 
3

 
(5
)
 
45

Operating expenses related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
—

 
—

 
27

 
—

 
27

Other expense
—

 
—

 
3

 
—

 
3

Total benefits and expenses
41

 
9

 
1,991

 
(5
)
 
2,036

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
(34
)
 
(9
)
 
198

 
—

 
155

Income tax expense (benefit)
(12
)
 
(6
)
 
58

 
(40
)
 
—

Income (loss) from continuing operations
(22
)
 
(3
)
 
140

 
40

 
155

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
—

 
64

 
—

 
64

Net income (loss) before equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates
(22
)
 
(3
)
 
204

 
40

 
219

Equity in earnings (losses) of subsidiaries, net of tax
189

 
114

 
—

 
(303
)
 
—

Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest
167

 
111

 
204

 
(263
)
 
219

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
52

 
—

 
52

Net income (loss) available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
167

 
$
111

 
$
152

 
$
(263
)
 
$
167


 
102
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
$
16

 
$
—

 
$
1,668

 
$
(9
)
 
$
1,675

Fee income
—

 
—

 
1,276

 
—

 
1,276

Premiums
—

 
—

 
1,073

 
—

 
1,073

Net realized capital gains (losses):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total other-than-temporary impairments
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
(2
)
Less: Portion of other-than-temporary impairments recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss)
—

 
—

 
1

 
—

 
1

Net other-than-temporary impairments recognized in earnings
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
—

 
(3
)
Other net realized capital gains (losses)
—

 
—

 
(108
)
 
—

 
(108
)
Total net realized capital gains (losses)
—

 
—

 
(111
)
 
—

 
(111
)
Other revenue
—

 
—

 
179

 
—

 
179

Income (loss) related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
—

 
—

 
156

 
—

 
156

Total revenues
16

 
—

 
4,241

 
(9
)
 
4,248

Benefits and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policyholder benefits
—

 
—

 
1,483

 
—

 
1,483

Interest credited to contract owner account balances
—

 
—

 
802

 
—

 
802

Operating expenses
5

 
—

 
1,293

 
—

 
1,298

Net amortization of Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired
—

 
—

 
259

 
—

 
259

Interest expense
77

 
19

 
4

 
(9
)
 
91

Operating expenses related to consolidated investment entities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
—

 
—

 
44

 
—

 
44

Other expense
—

 
—

 
3

 
—

 
3

Total benefits and expenses
82

 
19

 
3,888

 
(9
)
 
3,980

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
(66
)
 
(19
)
 
353

 
—

 
268

Income tax expense (benefit)
(24
)
 
(10
)
 
127

 
—

 
93

Income (loss) from continuing operations
(42
)
 
(9
)
 
226

 
—

 
175

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
—

 
—

 
(98
)
 
—

 
(98
)
Net income (loss) before equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates
(42
)
 
(9
)
 
128

 
—

 
77

Equity in earnings (losses) of subsidiaries, net of tax
66

 
340

 
—

 
(406
)
 
—

Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest
24

 
331

 
128

 
(406
)
 
77

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
53

 
—

 
53

Net income (loss) available to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
24

 
$
331

 
$
75

 
$
(406
)
 
$
24





 
103
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest
$
166

 
$
263

 
$
(33
)
 
$
(172
)
 
$
224

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities
(867
)
 
(596
)
 
(867
)
 
1,463

 
(867
)
Other-than-temporary impairments
10

 
8

 
10

 
(18
)
 
10

Pension and other postretirement benefits liability
(3
)
 
(1
)
 
(3
)
 
4

 
(3
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
(860
)
 
(589
)
 
(860
)
 
1,449

 
(860
)
Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss)
(292
)
 
(123
)
 
(292
)
 
415

 
(292
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax
(568
)
 
(466
)
 
(568
)
 
1,034

 
(568
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
(402
)
 
(203
)
 
(601
)
 
862

 
(344
)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
58

 
—

 
58

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
(402
)
 
$
(203
)
 
$
(659
)
 
$
862

 
$
(402
)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest
$
612

 
$
1,073

 
$
455

 
$
(1,470
)
 
$
670

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities
(2,390
)
 
(1,759
)
 
(2,390
)
 
4,149

 
(2,390
)
Other-than-temporary impairments
30

 
28

 
30

 
(58
)
 
30

Pension and other postretirement benefits liability
(6
)
 
(2
)
 
(6
)
 
8

 
(6
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
(2,366
)
 
(1,733
)
 
(2,366
)
 
4,099

 
(2,366
)
Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss)
(606
)
 
(361
)
 
(606
)
 
967

 
(606
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax
(1,760
)
 
(1,372
)
 
(1,760
)
 
3,132

 
(1,760
)
Comprehensive income (loss)
(1,148
)
 
(299
)
 
(1,305
)
 
1,662

 
(1,090
)
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
58

 
—

 
58

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
(1,148
)
 
$
(299
)
 
$
(1,363
)
 
$
1,662

 
$
(1,148
)


 
104
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest
$
167

 
$
111

 
$
204

 
$
(263
)
 
$
219

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities
762

 
545

 
763

 
(1,308
)
 
762

Other-than-temporary impairments
1

 
1

 
1

 
(2
)
 
1

Pension and other postretirement benefits liability
(4
)
 
—

 
(5
)
 
5

 
(4
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
759

 
546

 
759

 
(1,305
)
 
759

Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss)
265

 
190

 
225

 
(415
)
 
265

Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax
494

 
356

 
534

 
(890
)
 
494

Comprehensive income (loss)
661

 
467

 
738

 
(1,153
)
 
713

Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
52

 
—

 
52

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
661

 
$
467

 
$
686

 
$
(1,153
)
 
$
661


Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Net income (loss) including noncontrolling interest
$
24

 
$
331

 
$
128

 
$
(406
)
 
$
77

Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities
1,047

 
729

 
1,048

 
(1,777
)
 
1,047

Other-than-temporary impairments
12

 
10

 
12

 
(22
)
 
12

Pension and other postretirement benefits liability
(7
)
 
(1
)
 
(8
)
 
9

 
(7
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax
1,052

 
738

 
1,052

 
(1,790
)
 
1,052

Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss)
367

 
257

 
367

 
(624
)
 
367

Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax
685

 
481

 
685

 
(1,166
)
 
685

Comprehensive income (loss)
709

 
812

 
813

 
(1,572
)
 
762

Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
—

 
—

 
53

 
—

 
53

Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Voya Financial, Inc.'s common shareholders
$
709

 
$
812

 
$
760

 
$
(1,572
)
 
$
709


 
105
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
$
(81
)
 
$
298

 
$
1,152

 
$
(315
)
 
$
1,054

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from the sale, maturity, disposal or redemption of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities
—

 
—

 
4,577

 
—

 
4,577

Equity securities
18

 
—

 
2

 
—

 
20

Mortgage loans on real estate
—

 
—

 
471

 
—

 
471

Limited partnerships/corporations
—

 
—

 
152

 
—

 
152

Acquisition of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities
—

 
—

 
(4,881
)
 
—

 
(4,881
)
Equity securities
(18
)
 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
(20
)
Mortgage loans on real estate
—

 
—

 
(574
)
 
—

 
(574
)
Limited partnerships/corporations
—

 
—

 
(158
)
 
—

 
(158
)
Short-term investments, net
212

 
—

 
191

 
—

 
403

Derivatives, net
—

 
—

 
35

 
—

 
35

Sales from consolidated investments entities
—

 
—

 
602

 
—

 
602

Purchases within consolidated investment entities
—

 
—

 
(607
)
 
—

 
(607
)
Maturity (issuance) of short-term intercompany loans, net
11

 
—

 
418

 
(429
)
 
—

Return of capital contributions and dividends from subsidiaries
811

 
96

 
—

 
(907
)
 
—

Collateral received (delivered), net
—

 
—

 
38

 
—

 
38

Other, net
—

 
1

 
(6
)
 
—

 
(5
)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities - discontinued operations
—

 
331

 
(297
)
 
—

 
34

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
1,034

 
428

 
(39
)
 
(1,336
)
 
87


 
106
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows (Continued)
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits received for investment contracts
—

 
—

 
3,083

 
—

 
3,083

Maturities and withdrawals from investment contracts
—

 
—

 
(2,716
)
 
—

 
(2,716
)
Proceeds from issuance of debt with maturities of more than three months
350

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
350

Repayment of debt with maturities of more than three months
(337
)
 
(13
)
 
—

 
—

 
(350
)
Debt issuance costs
(6
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6
)
Net (repayments of) proceeds from short-term intercompany loans
(418
)
 
(68
)
 
57

 
429

 
—

Return of capital contributions and dividends to parent
—

 
(386
)
 
(836
)
 
1,222

 
—

Borrowings of consolidated investment entities
—

 
—

 
469

 
—

 
469

Repayments of borrowings of consolidated investment entities
—

 
—

 
(461
)
 
—

 
(461
)
Contributions from (distributions to) participants in consolidated investment entities
—

 
—

 
34

 
—

 
34

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

Share-based compensation
(15
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(15
)
Common stock acquired - Share repurchase
(500
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(500
)
Dividends paid
(3
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3
)
Net cash used in financing activities - discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
(1,209
)
 
—

 
(1,209
)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(928
)
 
(467
)
 
(1,579
)
 
1,651

 
(1,323
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
25

 
259

 
(466
)
 
—

 
(182
)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
244

 
1

 
1,471

 
—

 
1,716

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
269

 
260

 
1,005

 
—

 
1,534

Less: Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations, end of period
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations, end of period
$
269

 
$
260

 
$
1,005

 
$
—

 
$
1,534


 
107
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
$
(54
)
 
$
67

 
$
611

 
$
(68
)
 
$
556

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from the sale, maturity, disposal or redemption of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities
—

 
—

 
4,013

 
—

 
4,013

Equity securities, available-for-sale
14

 
—

 
2

 
—

 
16

Mortgage loans on real estate
—

 
—

 
487

 
—

 
487

Limited partnerships/corporations
—

 
—

 
124

 
—

 
124

Acquisition of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturities
—

 
—

 
(3,953
)
 
—

 
(3,953
)
Equity securities, available-for-sale
(17
)
 
—

 
(10
)
 
—

 
(27
)
Mortgage loans on real estate
—

 
—

 
(1,132
)
 
—

 
(1,132
)
Limited partnerships/corporations
—

 
—

 
(179
)
 
—

 
(179
)
Short-term investments, net
—

 
—

 
12

 
—

 
12

Derivatives, net
—

 
—

 
163

 
—

 
163

Sales from consolidated investments entities
—

 
—

 
1,214

 
—

 
1,214

Purchases within consolidated investment entities
—

 
—

 
(1,389
)
 
—

 
(1,389
)
Issuance of intercompany loans with maturities more than three months
(22
)
 
—

 
—

 
22

 
—

Maturity (issuance) of short-term intercompany loans, net
8

 
—

 
11

 
(19
)
 
—

Return of capital contributions and dividends from subsidiaries
770

 
770

 
—

 
(1,540
)
 
—

Capital contributions to subsidiaries
(50
)
 
—

 
—

 
50

 
—

Collateral (delivered) received, net
—

 
—

 
(126
)
 
—

 
(126
)
Other, net
—

 
—

 
35

 
—

 
35

Net cash provided by investing activities - discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
40

 
—

 
40

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
703

 
770

 
(688
)
 
(1,487
)
 
(702
)

 
108
 


Voya Financial, Inc.
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)
 
 
 

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows (Continued)
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Parent Issuer
 
Subsidiary Guarantor
 
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits received for investment contracts
—

 
—

 
2,395

 
—

 
2,395

Maturities and withdrawals from investment contracts
—

 
—

 
(2,827
)
 
—

 
(2,827
)
Repayment of debt with maturities of more than three months
(91
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(91
)
Proceeds of intercompany loans with maturities of more than three months
—

 
—

 
22

 
(22
)
 
—

Net (repayments of) proceeds from short-term intercompany loans
(10
)
 
(67
)
 
58

 
19

 
—

Return of capital contributions and dividends to parent
—

 
(770
)
 
(838
)
 
1,608

 
—

Contributions of capital from parent
—

 
—

 
50

 
(50
)
 
—

Borrowings of consolidated investment entities
—

 
—

 
738

 
—

 
738

Repayments of borrowings of consolidated investment entities
—

 
—

 
(725
)
 
—

 
(725
)
Contributions from (distributions to) participants in consolidated investment entities, net
—

 
—

 
656

 
—

 
656

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

Share-based compensation
(7
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(7
)
Common stock acquired - Share repurchase
(423
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(423
)
Dividends paid
(4
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(4
)
Net cash provided by financing activities - discontinued operations
—

 
—

 
89

 
—

 
89

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
(534
)
 
(837
)
 
(382
)
 
1,555

 
(198
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
115

 
—

 
(459
)
 
—

 
(344
)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
257

 
2

 
2,652

 
—

 
2,911

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
372

 
2

 
2,193

 
—

 
2,567

Less: Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations, end of period
—

 
—

 
1,039

 
—

 
1,039

Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations, end of period
$
372

 
$
2

 
$
1,154

 
$
—

 
$
1,528



 
109
 

Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Dollar amounts in millions, unless otherwise stated)

For the purposes of the discussion in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the term Voya Financial, Inc. refers to Voya Financial, Inc. and the terms “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Voya Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

The following discussion and analysis presents a review of our consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and financial condition as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. This item should be read in its entirety and in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes contained in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 ("Annual Report on Form 10-K").

In addition to historical data, this discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business, operations and financial performance based on current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. See the Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements. Investors are directed to consider the risks and uncertainties discussed in Part II, Item 1A. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as in other documents we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

Overview

Discontinued Operations

On June 1, 2018, we consummated a series of transactions (collectively, the "Transaction") pursuant to a Master Transaction Agreement dated December 20, 2017 ("MTA") with VA Capital Company LLC ("VA Capital") and Athene Holding Ltd ("Athene"). As part of the Transaction, Venerable Holdings, Inc. ("Venerable"), a wholly owned subsidiary of VA Capital, acquired two of our subsidiaries, Voya Insurance and Annuity Company ("VIAC") and Directed Services, LLC ("DSL"). The Transaction resulted in the disposition of substantially all of our Closed Block Variable Annuity ("CBVA") and Annuities businesses. We have determined that the CBVA and Annuities businesses disposed of meet the discontinued operations criteria and that the sale represents a strategic shift that has a major effect on our operations. Accordingly, the results of operations of the businesses sold have been presented as discontinued operations and segregated for all periods presented, and the assets and liabilities of the businesses sold were classified as held for sale in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2017, we recorded an estimated loss on sale, net of tax of $2,423 million which included estimated transactions costs of $31 million as well as the loss of $692 million of deferred tax assets to write down the assets related to our discontinued operations to fair value, which was based on the estimated sales price in the Transaction, less cost to sell as of December 31, 2017. Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax for the six months ended June 30, 2018 includes a favorable adjustment to the loss on sale of $505 million, net of tax.

Pursuant to the terms of the Transaction, we have retained a small number of CBVA and Annuities policies that are not included in the disposed businesses described above as "Retained Business." We have evaluated our segment presentation and have determined that, because the Retained Business is insignificant, its results are reported in Corporate.


 
110
 

The following table summarizes the components of Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax for the five months ended May 31, 2018 (the Transaction closed on June 1, 2018) and the six months ended June 30, 2017:
 
Five Months Ended May 31, 2018
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Revenues:
 
 
 
Net investment income
$
510

 
$
633

Fee income
295

 
412

Premiums
(50
)
 
96

Total net realized capital gains (losses)
(345
)
 
(588
)
Other revenue
10

 
11

Total revenues
420

 
564

Benefits and expenses:
 
 
 
Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders
442

 
550

Operating expenses
(14
)
 
133

Net amortization of Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired
49

 
68

Interest expense
10

 
10

Total benefits and expenses
487

 
761

Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes
(67
)
 
(197
)
Income tax expense (benefit)
(19
)
 
(99
)
Adjustment to loss on sale, net of tax
505

 
—

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
$
457

 
$
(98
)

We provide our principal products and services through four segments: Retirement, Investment Management, Employee Benefits and Individual Life. Corporate includes activities not directly related to our segments, results of the Retained Business and certain insignificant activities that are not meaningful to our business strategy.

Trends and Uncertainties
Throughout this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A"), we discuss a number of trends and uncertainties that we believe may materially affect our future liquidity, financial condition or results of operations. Where these trends or uncertainties are specific to a particular aspect of our business, we often include such a discussion under the relevant caption of this MD&A, as part of our broader analysis of that area of our business. In addition, the following factors represent some of the key general trends and uncertainties that have influenced the development of our business and our historical financial performance and that we believe will continue to influence our continuing business operations and financial performance in the future. Additionally, key general trends and uncertainties related to discontinued operations are discussed further below.
Market Conditions
While extraordinary monetary accommodation has suppressed volatility in rate, credit and domestic equity markets for an extended period, global capital markets may now be past peak accommodation as the U.S. Federal Reserve continues its gradual pace of policy normalization. As global monetary policy becomes less accommodative, an increase in market volatility could affect our business, including through effects on the yields we earn on invested assets, changes in required reserves and capital, and fluctuations in the value of our assets under management ("AUM") or administration ("AUA"). These effects could be exacerbated by uncertainty about future fiscal policy, changes in tax policy, the scope of potential deregulation, and levels of global trade. In the short- to medium-term, the potential for increased volatility, coupled with prevailing interest rates below historical averages, can pressure sales and reduce demand as consumers hesitate to make financial decisions. In addition, this environment could make it difficult to manufacture products that are consistently both attractive to customers and profitable. Financial performance can be adversely affected by market volatility as fees driven by AUM fluctuate, hedging costs increase and revenue declines due to reduced sales and increased outflows. As a company with strong retirement, investment management and insurance capabilities, however, we believe the market conditions noted above may, over the long term, enhance the attractiveness of our broad portfolio of products and services. We will need to continue to monitor the behavior of our customers and other factors, including mortality rates, morbidity rates, annuitization rates and lapse rates, which adjust in response to changes in market conditions in order to ensure

 
111
 

that our products and services remain attractive as well as profitable. For additional information on our sensitivity to interest rates and equity market prices, see Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in Part I, Item 3. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Interest Rate Environment

In the second quarter of 2018, the term structure of interest rates featured higher rates and a flatter yield curve, a continuation of the interest rate movements seen in 2017. The economic conditions that spurred the increase in the Fed Funds rate in June 2018 - the sixth increase in the past eighteen months - moved the front end of the term structure higher. While short-term rates increased, the longer-end of the yield curve has experienced a smaller rate increase, as longer rates remain contained by low global yields. The Federal Reserve has begun execution of its plan for gradually reducing its holdings of Treasury and agency securities. The timing and impact of any further increases in the Federal Funds rate, or deviations in the expected pace of Federal Reserve balance sheet normalization are uncertain and dependent on the Federal Reserve Board's assessment of economic growth, labor market developments, inflation outlook, fiscal policy developments and other risks that will impact the level and volatility of rates.

The continued low interest rate environment has affected, and may continue to affect, the demand for our products in various ways. While interest rates remain low by historical standards, we may experience lower sales and reduced demand as it is more difficult to manufacture products that are consistently both attractive to customers and meet our economic targets. Our financial performance may be adversely affected by the current low interest rate environment, or by rapidly increasing rates.

We believe the interest rate environment will continue to influence our business and financial performance in the future for several reasons, including the following:

•
Our continuing business general account investment portfolio, which was approximately $62.0 billion as of June 30, 2018, consists predominantly of fixed income investments and had an annualized earned yield of approximately 5.2% in the second quarter of 2018. In the near term and absent further material change in yields available on fixed income investments, we expect the yield we earn on new investments will be lower than the yields we earn on maturing investments, which were generally purchased in environments where interest rates were higher than current levels. We currently anticipate that proceeds that are reinvested in fixed income investments during 2018 will earn an average yield below the prevailing portfolio yield. If interest rates were to rise, we expect the yield on our new money investments would also rise and gradually converge toward the yield of those maturing assets. In addition, while less material to financial results than new money investment rates, movements in prevailing interest rates also influence the prices of fixed income investments that we sell on the secondary market rather than holding until maturity or repayment, with rising interest rates generally leading to lower prices in the secondary market, and falling interest rates generally leading to higher prices.

•
Certain of our products pay guaranteed minimum rates - for example, fixed accounts and a portion of the stable value accounts included within defined contribution retirement plans and universal life ("UL") policies. We are required to pay these guaranteed minimum rates even if earnings on our investment portfolio decline, with the resulting investment margin compression negatively impacting earnings. In addition, we expect more policyholders to hold policies (lower lapses) with comparatively high guaranteed rates longer in a low interest rate environment. Conversely, a rise in average yield on our investment portfolio would positively impact earnings if the average interest rate we pay on our products does not rise correspondingly. Similarly, we expect policyholders would be less likely to hold policies (higher lapses) with existing guarantees as interest rates rise.

For additional information on the continued low impact of the interest rate environment, see Risk Factors - The level of interest rates may adversely affect our profitability, particularly in the event of a continuation of the current low interest rate environment or a period of rapidly increasing interest rates in Part I, Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K. Also, for additional information on our sensitivity to interest rates, see Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in Part I, Item 3. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Seasonality and Other Matters

Our business results can vary from quarter to quarter as a result of seasonal factors. For all of our segments, the first quarter of each year typically has elevated operating expenses, reflecting higher payroll taxes, equity compensation grants, and certain other expenses that tend to be concentrated in the first quarters. Additionally, alternative investment income tends to be lower in the first quarters. Other seasonal factors that affect our business include:



 
112
 

Retirement

•
The first quarters tend to have the highest level of recurring deposits in Corporate Markets, due to the increase in participant contributions from the receipt of annual bonus award payments or annual lump sum matches and profit sharing contributions made by many employers. Corporate Market withdrawals also tend to increase in the first quarters as departing sponsors change providers at the start of a new year.

•
In the third quarters, education tax-exempt markets typically have the lowest recurring deposits, due to the timing of vacation schedules in the academic calendar.

•
The fourth quarters tend to have the highest level of single/transfer deposits due to new Corporate Market plan sales as sponsors transfer from other providers when contracts expire at the fiscal or calendar year-end. Recurring deposits in the Corporate Market may be lower in the fourth quarters as higher paid participants scale back or halt their contributions upon reaching the annual maximums allowed for the year. Finally, Corporate Market withdrawals tend to increase in the fourth quarters, as in the first quarters, due to departing sponsors.

Investment Management

•
In the fourth quarters, performance fees are typically higher due to certain performance fees being associated with calendar-year performance against established benchmarks and hurdle rates.

Employee Benefits

•
The first quarters tend to have the highest Group Life loss ratio. Sales for Group Life and Stop Loss also tend to be the highest in the first quarters, as most of our contracts have January start dates in alignment with the start of our clients' fiscal years.

•
The third quarters tend to have the second highest Group Life and Stop Loss sales, as a large number of our contracts have July start dates in alignment with the start of our clients' fiscal years.

Individual Life

•
The fourth quarters tend to have the highest levels of universal life insurance sales. This seasonal pattern is typical for the industry.

•
The first and fourth quarters tend to have the highest levels of net underwriting income.

In addition to these seasonal factors, our results are impacted by the annual review of assumptions related to future policy benefits and deferred policy acquisition costs ("DAC"), value of business acquired ("VOBA") (collectively, "DAC/VOBA") and other intangibles, which we generally complete in the third quarter of each year, and annual remeasurement related to our employee benefit plans, which we generally complete in the fourth quarter of each year.

Stranded Costs

As a result of the Transaction, the revenues and certain expenses of the businesses sold have been classified as discontinued operations. Expenses classified within discontinued operations include only direct operating expenses incurred by the businesses sold that are identifiable as costs of the businesses sold, but only to the extent that we will not continue to recognize such expenses after the close of the Transaction. Certain direct costs of the businesses sold, which relate to activities for which we have agreed to provide transitional services and for which we will be reimbursed under a transition services agreement, are reported within continuing operations. Additionally, indirect costs, such as those related to corporate and shared service functions that were previously allocated to the businesses sold, and other expenses that do not meet the foregoing criteria are reported within continuing operations. These costs reported within continuing operations ("Stranded Costs") are included in Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes and Income (loss) from continuing operations for all periods presented. Because we do not believe that Stranded Costs are representative of the future run-rate expenses of our continuing operations, they are recorded in Corporate. We plan to address the Stranded Costs through a cost reduction strategy. Refer to Restructuring in Part II, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on this program.



 
113
 


Tax Reform

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Reform") was signed into law. Tax Reform significantly revised U.S. federal corporate income tax law by, among other things, reducing the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% and changing
various provisions of the Federal tax code that impact life insurance companies.

For more information on Tax Reform, see "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates in Part II, Item 7. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K and the Income taxes Note in Part I, Item I. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Carried Interest

Net investment income and net realized gains (losses), within our Investment Management segment, includes, for this and previous periods, performance-based capital allocations related to sponsored private equity funds (“carried interest”) that are subject to later reversal based on subsequent fund performance, to the extent that cumulative rates of investment return fall below specified investment hurdle rates. Should the market value of this portfolio increase in future periods, this reversal could be fully or partially recovered. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 our carried interest total net results were immaterial. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, our carried interest total net results were a gain of $32 million, including the recovery of $28 million of carried interest reversed in prior periods. As of June 30, 2018, approximately $74 million of previously accrued carried interest would be subject to full or partial reversal in future periods if cumulative fund performance hurdle rates are not maintained throughout the remaining life of the affected funds.

Restructuring

2016 Restructuring

In 2016, we began implementing a series of initiatives designed to make us a simpler, more agile company able to deliver an enhanced customer experience ("2016 Restructuring"). These initiatives include an increasing emphasis on less capital-intensive products and the achievement of operational synergies.

On July 31, 2017, we executed a variable 5-year information technology services agreement with a third-party service provider at an expected annualized cost of $70 - $90 million per year, with a total cumulative 5-year cost of approximately $400 million, subject to potential reduction as a result of the Organizational Restructuring program discussed below. This initiative, which is a component of our 2016 Restructuring program, improves expense efficiency and upgrades our technology capabilities. Entry into this agreement resulted in severance, asset write-off, transition and other implementation costs. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, we incurred restructuring expenses of $3 million and $10 million, respectively. We anticipate additional restructuring expenses related to this initiative of approximately $30 - $35 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and an immaterial amount of restructuring expenses thereafter. The restructuring expenses to be incurred for the year ended December 31, 2018 will primarily reflect the transition costs to implement this information technology services agreement.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the total of all initiatives in the 2016 Restructuring program resulted in restructuring expenses of $3 million and $17 million, respectively, which are reflected in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, but excluded from Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, these initiatives resulted in restructuring expenses of $5 million and $17 million, respectively, which are reflected in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, but excluded from Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes. These expenses are classified as a component of Other adjustments to Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and consequently are not included in the adjusted operating results of our segments.

As we finalize these initiatives, we may incur restructuring expenses in addition to those described above in one or more periods through the end of 2018. These costs are not expected to be material.


 
114
 

Organizational Restructuring

As a result of the closing of the Transaction, we are undertaking further restructuring efforts to execute the Transaction and reduce stranded expenses associated with our CBVA and fixed and fixed indexed annuities businesses, as well as our corporate and shared services functions ("Organizational Restructuring"). These activities have and will result in recognition of severance and other restructuring expenses. Restructuring expenses that are directly related to the preparation for and execution of the Transaction are included in discontinued operations. Other restructuring expenses arising from related organizational restructuring are included in continuing operations.

The Transaction resulted in recognition of severance and other restructuring expenses. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, we incurred Organizational Restructuring expenses of $8 million and $6 million, respectively, which are reflected in Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, we also incurred Organizational Restructuring expenses of $7 million and $12 million associated with continuing operations, respectively, which are reflected in Operating expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, but excluded from Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes. We will continue to develop and approve Organizational Restructuring initiatives to simplify the organization, and expect to incur additional restructuring expenses associated with continuing operations in one or more periods through the end of 2019. These additional costs, which may include severance, transition and other costs, cannot currently be estimated but could be material.

The cumulative effect of all our previously discussed programs and related initiatives should help us to address the Stranded Costs that will result from the Transaction. Refer to Stranded Costs in Part I, Item 2. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on Stranded Costs.

Operating Measures

This MD&A includes a discussion of Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes and Adjusted operating revenues, each of which is a measure used by management to evaluate segment performance. We believe that Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes provides a meaningful measure of our business performance and enhances the understanding of our financial results by focusing on the operating performance and trends of the underlying business segments and excluding items that tend to be highly variable from period to period based on capital market conditions or other factors. Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes does not replace Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes as the comparable U.S. GAAP measure of our consolidated results of operations. Therefore, we believe that it is useful to evaluate both Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes when reviewing our financial and operating performance. See the Segments Note in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of the adjustments made to reconcile Income (loss) before income taxes to Total adjusted operating earnings before income taxes and the adjustments made to reconcile Total revenues to Total adjusted operating revenues.



 
115
 

Results of Operations - Company Condensed Consolidated

The following table presents summary condensed consolidated financial information for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income
$
813

 
$
832

 
$
1,636

 
$
1,675

Fee income
660

 
639

 
1,336

 
1,276

Premiums
533

 
526

 
1,072

 
1,073

Net realized capital gains (losses)
(120
)
 
(25
)
 
(301
)
 
(111
)
Other revenue
101

 
90

 
200

 
179

Income (loss) related to consolidated investment entities
126

 
129

 
137

 
156

Total revenues
2,113

 
2,191

 
4,080

 
4,248

Benefits and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders
1,088

 
1,136

 
2,178

 
2,285

Operating expenses
645

 
630

 
1,345

 
1,298

Net amortization of Deferred policy acquisition costs and Value of business acquired
74

 
195

 
174

 
259

Interest expense
46

 
45

 
95

 
91

Operating expenses related to consolidated investment entities
19

 
30

 
26

 
47

Total benefits and expenses
1,872

 
2,036

 
3,818

 
3,980

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
241

 
155

 
262

 
268

Income tax expense (benefit)
45

 
—

 
49

 
93

Income (loss) from continuing operations
196

 
155

 
213

 
175

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
28

 
64

 
457

 
(98
)
Net Income (loss)
224

 
219

 
670

 
77

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
58

 
52

 
58

 
53

Net income (loss) available to our common shareholders
$
166


$
167

 
$
612

 
$
24


The following table presents information about our Operating expenses for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commissions
$
164

 
$
174

 
$
337

 
$
367

General and administrative expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restructuring expenses
10

 
5

 
29

 
17

Strategic Investment Program (1)
—

 
23

 
—

 
43

Other general and administrative expenses
522

 
489

 
1,081

 
999

Total general and administrative expenses
532

 
691

 
1,110

 
1,059

Total operating expenses, before DAC/VOBA deferrals
696

 
691

 
1,447

 
1,426

DAC/VOBA deferrals
(51
)
 
(61
)
 
(102
)
 
(128
)
Total operating expenses
$
645

 
$
630

 
$
1,345

 
$
1,298

(1) Beginning in 2018, remaining costs of our Strategic Investment Program are insignificant and have been allocated to our reportable segments within Other general and administrative expenses.

 
116
 

The following table presents AUM and AUA as of the dates indicated:
 
As of June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
AUM and AUA:
 
 
 
Retirement
$
373,186

 
$
343,234

Investment Management
256,530

 
267,920

Employee Benefits
1,821

 
1,864

Individual Life
15,673

 
15,418

Eliminations/Other
(119,588
)
 
(111,491
)
Total AUM and AUA(1)
$
527,622

 
$
516,945

 
 
 
 
AUM
291,259

 
301,396

AUA
236,363

 
215,549

Total AUM and AUA(1)
$
527,622

 
$
516,945

(1) Includes AUM and AUA related to the sold businesses, for which a substantial portion of the assets will continue to be managed by our Investment Management segment.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Income (loss) from continuing operations to Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes and the relative contributions of each segment to Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
$
241

 
$
155

 
$
262

 
$
268

Less Adjustments(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment gains (losses) and related charges and adjustments
(40
)
 
2

 
(101
)
 
(18
)
Net guaranteed benefit hedging gains (losses) and related charges and adjustments
2

 
(1
)
 
(12
)
 
7

Loss related to businesses exited through reinsurance or divestment
(8
)
 
1

 
(53
)
 
(4
)
Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
58

 
52

 
58

 
53

Loss related to early extinguishment of debt
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
(1
)
Other adjustments
(9
)
 
(6
)
 
(28
)
 
(21
)
Total adjustments to income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
$
3

 
$
48

 
$
(139
)
 
$
16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes by segment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retirement
$
169

 
$
33

 
$
278

 
$
181

Investment Management
52

 
85

 
113

 
134

Employee Benefits
35

 
27

 
67

 
38

Individual Life
41

 
62

 
58

 
94

Corporate(2)
(59
)
 
(100
)
 
(115
)
 
(195
)
Total adjusted operating earnings before income taxes
$
238

 
$
107

 
$
401

 
$
252

(1) Refer to the Segments Note to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of these items.
(2) Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes for Corporate includes Net investment gains (losses) and Net guaranteed benefit hedging gains (losses) associated with the Retained Business in the prior period. These amounts are insignificant and do not distort the ability to make a meaningful evaluation of the trends of Corporate activities.

 
117
 

The following table presents a reconciliation of Total revenues to Adjusted operating revenues and the relative contributions of each segment to Adjusted operating revenues for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Total revenues
$
2,113

 
$
2,191

 
$
4,080

 
$
4,248

Adjustments(1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net realized investment gains (losses) and related charges and adjustments
(49
)
 
(1
)
 
(122
)
 
(28
)
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives related to guaranteed benefits
4

 
1

 
(3
)
 
10

Revenues related to businesses exited through reinsurance or divestment
(18
)
 
48

 
(58
)
 
68

Revenues attributable to noncontrolling interest
76

 
82

 
82

 
101

Other adjustments
67

 
50

 
125

 
101

Total adjustments to revenues
$
80

 
$
180

 
$
24

 
$
252

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted operating revenues by segment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retirement
$
670

 
$
630

 
$
1,332

 
$
1,255

Investment Management
171

 
204

 
356

 
375

Employee Benefits
460

 
443

 
913

 
890

Individual Life
641

 
629

 
1,272

 
1,259

Corporate(2)
91

 
105

 
183

 
217

Total adjusted operating revenues
$
2,033

 
$
2,011

 
$
4,056

 
$
3,996

(1) Refer to the Segments Note to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of these items.
(2) Adjusted operating revenues for Corporate includes Net investment gains (losses) and Gains (losses) on change in fair value of derivatives related to guaranteed benefits associated with the Retained Business in the prior period. These amounts are insignificant and do not distort the ability to make a meaningful evaluation of the trends of Corporate activities.

The following tables describe the components of the reconciliation between Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes and Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes related to Net investment gains (losses) and related charges and adjustments and Net guaranteed benefits hedging gains (losses) and related charges and adjustments.

The following table presents the adjustment to Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes related to Total investment gains (losses) and the related Net amortization of DAC/VOBA and other intangibles for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Other-than-temporary impairments
$
(1
)
 
$
—

 
$
(15
)
 
$
(1
)
CMO-B fair value adjustments(1)
(38
)
 
(32
)
 
(76
)
 
(49
)
Gains (losses) on the sale of securities
(7
)
 
17

 
(34
)
 
(13
)
Other, including changes in the fair value of derivatives
(1
)
 
14

 
5

 
36

Total investment gains (losses)
(47
)
 
(1
)
 
(120
)
 
(27
)
Net amortization of DAC/VOBA and other intangibles on above
7

 
3

 
19

 
9

Net investment gains (losses)
$
(40
)
 
$
2

 
$
(101
)
 
$
(18
)
(1) For a description of our CMO-B portfolio, see Investments - CMO-B Portfolio in Part I, Item 2. of this Quarterly report on Form 10-Q and Part II, Item 7. of our Annual report on form 10-K.

 
118
 


The following table presents the adjustment to Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes related to Guaranteed benefit hedging gains (losses) net of DAC/VOBA and other intangibles amortization for the periods indicated.
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Gain (loss), excluding nonperformance risk
$
(1
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(11
)
 
$
15

Gain (loss) due to nonperformance risk
3

 
—

 
(1
)
 
(8
)
Net gain (loss) prior to related amortization of DAC/VOBA and sales inducements
2

 
(1
)
 
(12
)
 
7

Net amortization of DAC/VOBA and sales inducements
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net guaranteed benefit hedging gains (losses) and related charges and adjustments
$
2

 
$
(1
)
 
$
(12
)
 
$
7


The following table presents significant items included in Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Adjustment to loss on sale, net of tax excluding costs to sell
$
52

 
$
—

 
$
507

 
$
—

Transaction costs
4

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

Net results of discontinued operations, excluding notable items
132

 
289

 
339

 
588

Income tax benefit (expense)
8

 
(12
)
 
19

 
99

Notable items in CBVA results:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net losses related to incurred guaranteed benefits and CBVA hedge program, excluding nonperformance risk
(211
)
 
(157
)
 
(409
)
 
(609
)
Gain (loss) due to nonperformance risk
43

 
(57
)
 
4

 
(189
)
DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking
—

 
1

 
(1
)
 
13

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax(1)
$
28

 
$
64

 
$
457

 
$
(98
)
(1) Refer to the Discontinued Operations Note in Part I, Item I. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further detail.


 
119
 

Notable Items

The following table highlights notable items that are included in Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes from the following categories: (1) large gains (losses) that are not indicative of performance in the period; and (2) items that typically recur but can be volatile from period to period (e.g., DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking).

In 2017, we began soliciting customer consents to execute a change to reduce the guaranteed minimum interest rate ("GMIR initiative") applicable to future deposits and transfers into fixed investment options for certain retirement plan contracts with above-market GMIRs. This change reduces our interest rate exposure on new deposits, transfers and in certain plans existing fixed account assets and will favorably impact the DAC/VOBA amortization rate and Adjusted operating earnings over time. The GMIR initiative unlocking recorded in 2017 reflected management’s best estimate of consent acceptances expected during 2017 and subsequent years related to this initiative. During the six months ended of 2018, we have updated our assumptions related to the GMIR initiative to reflect higher expected consents based on company experience. Unfavorable unlocking related to the GMIR initiative was $43 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and $128 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017. There was no unfavorable unlocking related to the GMIR initiative during the three months ended June 30, 2018. Unfavorable unlocking related
to the GMIR initiative is recorded in Net amortization of DAC/VOBA and reflected in the table below.
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking(1)
$
(27
)
 
$
(116
)
 
$
(98
)
 
$
(111
)
(1) DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking is included in Fee income, Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders and Net amortization of DAC/VOBA. See DAC/VOBA and Other Intangibles Unlocking in Part I, Item 2. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further description.

Terminology Definitions

Net realized capital gains (losses), net realized investment gains (losses) and related charges and adjustments, and Net guaranteed benefit hedging gains (losses) and related charges and adjustments include changes in the fair value of derivatives. Increases in the fair value of derivative assets or decreases in the fair value of derivative liabilities result in "gains." Decreases in the fair value of derivative assets or increases in the fair value of derivative liabilities result in "losses."

In addition, we have certain products that contain guarantees that are embedded derivatives related to guaranteed benefits and index-crediting features, while other products contain such guarantees that are considered derivatives (collectively "guaranteed benefit derivatives").

Consolidated - Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017

Net Income (Loss)

Net investment income decreased $19 million from $832 million to $813 million primarily due to:

•
a recovery of accrued carried interest in the prior period in our Investment Management segment.
    
The decrease was partially offset by:

•
higher alternative investment income in the current period primarily driven by the cumulative impact of equity market performance in the prior year.

Fee income increased $21 million from $639 million to $660 million primarily due to:

•
an increase in separate account and institutional/mutual fund AUM in our Retirement segment driven by market improvements and the cumulative impact of positive net flows resulting in higher full service fees;
•
an increase in average AUM in our Investment Management segment, driven by the cumulative impact of positive net flows and market appreciation resulting in higher management and administrative fees earned; and
•
an increase in recordkeeping fees in our Retirement segment.


 
120
 

The increase was partially offset by:

•
a shift in the business mix in our Retirement segment.

Premiums increased $7 million from $526 million to $533 million primarily due to:

•
higher premiums driven by growth of the voluntary and group life business partially offset by a decline in stop loss premiums in our Employee Benefits segment.

The decrease was partially offset by:

•
lower considerations of life contingent contracts resulting in lower Premiums which corresponds to a decrease in Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders in Retained Business in our Corporate segment; and
•
decline in term premiums in our Individual Life segment due to discontinued sales.

Net realized capital losses increased $95 million from $25 million to $120 million primarily due to:

•
losses from market value changes associated with business reinsured, which are partially offset by a corresponding amount in Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders; and
•
higher Net investment losses and related charges and adjustments primarily due to current period losses on sales of securities and equity market movements.

Other revenue increased $11 million from $90 million to $101 million primarily due to:

•
higher broker-dealer revenues.

Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders decreased $48 million from $1,136 million to $1,088 million primarily due to:

•
market value impacts and changes in the reinsurance deposit asset associated with business reinsured;
•
favorable reserves in our Retained Business driven by a reserve refinement for our Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits ("GMDB") block;
•
favorable impact as a result of certain funding agreements in run-off during 2017; and
•
lower annuitization of life contingent contracts which corresponds to a decrease in Premiums.

The decrease was partially offset by:

•
reserve changes as a result of adverse net mortality and unfavorable intangibles unlocking due to higher net mortality as well as prospective assumption changes due to changes in reinsurance in our Individual Life segment; and
•
higher loss ratio on group life partially offset by lower benefits incurred on stop loss in our Employee Benefits segment.

Operating expenses increased $15 million from $630 million to $645 million primarily due to:

•
an increase in asset based commission and other volume based expense in our Retirement segment;
•
higher broker-dealer expenses;
•
higher recordkeeping expenses in our Retirement segment; and
•
higher restructuring charges in the current period.

The increase was partially offset by:

•
a decline in expenses associated with our Strategic Investment Program; and

•
lower financing costs in our Individual Life segment.


 
121
 

Net amortization of DAC/VOBA decreased $121 million from $195 million to $74 million primarily due to:

•
unfavorable unlocking in the prior period driven by an update to the assumptions related the GMIR initiative in our Retirement segment (refer to Results of Operations - Segment by Segment for further information).
•
lower amortization as a result of the GMIR initiative referenced above.

Income before income taxes increased $86 million from $155 million to a $241 million primarily due to:

•
higher Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes, discussed below; and
•
unfavorable changes in Net guaranteed benefit hedging gains (loss) and related charges and adjustments primarily due to changes in interest rates, discussed below.

The increase was partially offset by:

•
Net investment losses and related charges and adjustments primarily due to equity market movements, discussed below;
•
higher Loss on business exited through reinsurance or divestment, discussed below; and
•
higher restructuring expense in the current period.

Income tax expense (benefit) changed $45 million from $0 million to $45 million primarily due to:

•
a change in the dividends received deduction ("DRD");
•
AMT sequestration;
•
a change in the valuation allowance;
•
noncontrolling interest; and
•
nondeductible executive compensation.

The increase was partially offset by:

•
a lower federal corporate income tax rate.

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax decreased $3 million from $64 million to $28 million primarily due to:

•
a decrease in Net results of discontinued operations, excluding notable items, primarily due to the unfavorable impact of equity market movements compared to the prior period; and
•
an increase in Net losses related to incurred guaranteed benefits and CBVA hedge program, excluding nonperformance risk in businesses held for sale.

The decrease was partially offset by:

•
a Gain due to nonperformance risk in the current period compared to a loss in the prior period;
•
a favorable Adjustment to the loss on sale, net of tax excluding costs to sell in the current period; and
•
an Income tax benefit related to businesses held for sale in the current period compared to Income tax expense in the prior period.

Adjusted operating Earnings before Income Taxes

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes increased $131 million from $107 million to $238 million primarily due to:

•
unfavorable DAC/VOBA unlocking in the prior period and lower amortization driven by an update to the assumptions related the GMIR initiative in our Retirement segment; and
•
a decline in expenses associated with our Strategic Investment Program.

The increase was partially offset by:

•
lower alternative investment income primarily driven by the recovery of accrued carried interest in the prior period related to a sponsored private equity fund in our Investment Management segment; and
•
higher net unfavorable DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking in our Individual Life segment, mostly driven by prospective assumption updates and unfavorable mortality.

 
122
 


Adjustments from Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes to Adjusted Operating Earnings (Loss) before Income Taxes

Net investment losses and related charges and adjustments changed $42 million from a gain of $2 million to a loss of $40 million due to:
 
•
losses on the sale of securities in the current period compared to gains in the prior period;
•
unfavorable changes in the fair value of derivatives; and
•
unfavorable changes in CMO-B fair value adjustments.

Net guaranteed benefit hedging gains (losses) and related charges and adjustments changed $3 million from a loss of $1 million to a gain of $2 million primarily due to:

•
favorable changes in fair value of guaranteed benefit derivatives due to performance risk.

Loss related to businesses exited through reinsurance or divestment increased $9 million from a gain of $1 million to a loss of $8 million primarily due to:

•
net unfavorable DAC/VOBA amortization and unlocking on activity in reinsured blocks.

Other adjustments to operating earnings changed $3 million from a loss of $6 million to a loss of $9 million primarily due to:
 
•
higher costs recorded in the current period related to restructuring. See the Restructuring Note in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further description.

Consolidated - Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017

Net Income (Loss)

Net investment income decreased $39 million from $1,675 million to $1,636 million primarily due to:

•
a recovery of accrued carried interest in the prior year in our Investment Management segment.
    
The decrease was partially offset by:

•
higher alternative investment income in the current period primarily driven by the cumulative impact of equity market performance in the prior year.

Fee income increased $60 million from $1,276 million to $1,336 million primarily due to:

•
an increase in separate account and institutional/mutual fund AUM in our Retirement segment driven by market improvements and the cumulative impact of positive net flows resulting in higher full service fees;
•
an increase in average AUM in our Investment Management segment, driven by the cumulative impact of positive net flows and market appreciation resulting in higher management and administrative fees earned; and
•
an increase in recordkeeping fees in our Retirement segment.

The increase was partially offset by:

•
a shift in the business mix in our Retirement segment.

Premiums decreased $1 million from $1,073 million to $1,072 million primarily due to:

•
a decline in stop loss premiums in our Employee Benefits segment;
•
lower considerations of life contingent contracts resulting in lower Premiums which corresponds to a decrease in Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders in Retained Business in our Corporate segment; and
•
decline in term premiums in our Individual Life segment due to discontinued sales.


 
123
 

The decrease was partially offset by:

•
higher premiums driven by growth of the voluntary and group life business in our Employee Benefits segment.

Net realized capital losses increased $190 million from $111 million to $301 million primarily due to:

•
losses from market value changes associated with business reinsured, which are partially offset by a corresponding amount in Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders;
•
higher Net investment losses and related charges and adjustments primarily due to higher losses on sales of securities, higher impairments, and equity market movements; and
•
unfavorable changes in the fair value of guaranteed benefit derivatives excluding nonperformance risk as a result of interest rate movements.

Other revenue increased $21 million from $179 million to $200 million primarily due to:

•
higher broker-dealer revenues.

Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders decreased $107 million from $2,285 million to $2,178 million primarily due to:

•
market value impacts and changes in the reinsurance deposit asset associated with business reinsured;
•
improvement as a result of a certain block funding agreements in run-off during 2017;
•
lower annuitization of life contingent contracts which corresponds to a decrease in Premiums;
•
favorable reserves in our Retained Business driven by a reserve refinement for our GMDB block; and
•
lower benefits incurred on stop loss slightly offset by a higher loss ratio on group life in our Employee Benefits segment.

The decrease was partially offset by:
•
reserve changes as a result of adverse net mortality and unfavorable intangibles unlocking due to higher net mortality as well as prospective assumption changes due to changes in reinsurance in our Individual Life segment.

Operating expenses increased $47 million from $1,298 million to $1,345 million primarily due to:

•
higher litigation reserves related to a divested business. See the Commitments and Contingencies Note in Part II, Item 8. of the Annual Report on Form 10-K;
•
higher broker-dealer expenses;
•
higher recordkeeping expenses in our Retirement segment; and
•
higher restructuring charges in the current period.

The increase was partially offset by:

•
a decline in expenses associated with our Strategic Investment Program;
•
lower financing costs in our Individual Life segment; and
•
lower compliance-related spend.

Net amortization of DAC/VOBA decreased $85 million from $259 million to $174 million primarily due to:

•
unfavorable unlocking in the prior period driven by an update to the assumptions related the GMIR initiative in our Retirement segment;
•
lower amortization as a result of the GMIR initiative referenced above;
•
favorable DAC/VOBA amortization driven primarily driven lower gross profits and run-off in our Individual Life segment; and
•
lower DAC/VOBA amortization due to higher net investment losses.


 
124
 

The increase was partially offset by:

•
unfavorable DAC/VOBA unlocking driven by adverse net mortality on the interest sensitive block in our Individual Life segment; and
•
unfavorable DAC/VOBA unlocking as a result of losses on asset revaluations in the current period.

Income before income taxes decreased $6 million from $268 million to $262 million primarily due to:

•
Net investment losses and related charges and adjustments primarily due to equity market movements, discussed below;
•
higher Loss on business exited through reinsurance or divestment, discussed below;
•
unfavorable changes in Net guaranteed benefit hedging gains (loss) and related charges and adjustments primarily due to changes in interest rates, discussed below; and
•
unfavorable changes in Other adjustments due to higher restructuring expense in the current period.

The decrease was partially offset by:

•
higher Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes, discussed below.

Income tax expense changed $44 million from $93 million to $49 million primarily due to:

•
a change in the dividends received deduction ("DRD"); and
•
a lower federal corporate income tax rate.

The decrease was partially offset by:

•
alternative minimum tax ("AMT") sequestration;
•
noncontrolling interest; and
•
nondeductible executive compensation.

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax improved $588 million from a loss of $98 million to a gain of $457 million primarily due to:

•
a favorable Adjustment to the loss on sale, net of tax excluding costs to sell in the current period;
•
an decrease in Net losses related to incurred guaranteed benefits and CBVA hedge program, excluding nonperformance risk in businesses held for sale; and
•
Gains due to nonperformance risk in the current period compared to a loss in the prior period.

The improvement was partially offset by:

•
a decrease in Net results of discontinued operations, excluding notable items, primarily due to the unfavorable impact of equity market movements compared to the prior period;
•
lower Income tax benefit; and
•
unfavorable DAC/VOBA and other intangible unlocking in the current period compared to favorable in the prior period.

Adjusted operating Earnings before Income Taxes

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes increased $149 million from $252 million to $401 million primarily due to:

•
unfavorable DAC/VOBA unlocking in the prior period and lower amortization driven by an update to the assumptions related the GMIR initiative in our Retirement segment;
•
higher premiums driven by growth of the voluntary and group life blocks in our Employee Benefits segment;
•
an increase in separate account and institutional/mutual fund AUM driven by equity market improvements resulting in higher full service fees in our Retirement segment;
•
a decline in expenses associated with our Strategic Investment Program; and
•
higher alternative investment income driven by the cumulative impact of equity market performance in the prior year.


 
125
 

The increase was partially offset by:

•
higher net unfavorable DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking, mostly driven by prospective assumption updates and unfavorable mortality in our Individual Life segment; and
•
lower alternative investment income primarily driven by the recovery of accrued carried interest in the prior period related to a sponsored private equity fund in our Investment Management segment.

Adjustments from Income (Loss) before Income Taxes to Operating Earnings (Loss) before Income Taxes

Net investment losses and related charges and adjustments increased $83 million from $18 million to $101 million primarily due to:

•
unfavorable changes in the fair value of derivatives;
•
unfavorable changes in CMO-B fair value adjustments;
•
higher losses on the sale of securities; and
•
higher impairments in the current period.

The loss was partially offset by:

•
favorable amortization of DAC/VOBA.

Net guaranteed benefit hedging gains and related charges and adjustments decreased $19 million from a gain of $7 million to a loss of $12 million primarily due to:

•
unfavorable changes in fair value of guaranteed benefit derivatives excluding nonperformance risk as a result of changes in interest rates.

The decrease was partially offset by:

•
lower losses due to nonperformance risk.

Income (loss) related to businesses exited through reinsurance or divestment changed $49 million from income of $4 million to a loss of $53 million primarily due to:

•
higher litigation reserves related to a divested business.

Loss related to early extinguishment of debt decreased $2 million from $1.0 million to $3.0 million primarily due to:

•
Losses in connection with repurchased debt. See Liquidity and Capital Resources - in Part I, Item 2. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further description.

Other adjustments to operating earnings changed $7 million from a loss of $21 million to a loss of $28 million primarily due to:

•
higher costs recorded in the current period related to restructuring. See the Restructuring Note in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further description.


 
126
 

Results of Operations - Segment by Segment

Retirement

The following table presents Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes of our Retirement segment for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Adjusted operating revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income and net realized gains (losses)
$
430

 
$
419

 
$
853

 
$
846

Fee income (1)
210

 
185

 
422

 
363

Premiums
4

 
5

 
6

 
4

Other revenue
26

 
21

 
51

 
42

Total adjusted operating revenues
670

 
630

 
1,332

 
1,255

Operating benefits and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders
239

 
242

 
476

 
474

Operating expenses (1)
237

 
207

 
485

 
434

Net amortization of DAC/VOBA
25

 
148

 
93

 
166

Total operating benefits and expenses
501

 
597

 
1,054

 
1,074

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes
$
169

 
$
33

 
$
278

 
$
181

(1) The prior periods exclude investment-only products, which were transferred from Corporate during the three months ended March 31, 2018.  

The following table presents certain notable items that resulted in the volatility in Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking(1)(2)
$
3

 
$
(114
)
 
$
(38
)
 
$
(101
)
(1) See DAC/VOBA and Other Intangibles Unlocking in Part I, Item 2. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further description.
(2) Includes unfavorable unlocking of $43 million in the three months ended March 31, 2018 and $128 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 associated with an assumption update related to the GMIR initiative.

The following tables present AUM and AUA for our Retirement segment as of the dates indicated:
 
As of June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
Corporate markets
$
61,888

 
$
55,536

Tax-exempt markets
62,814

 
58,549

Total full service plans
124,702

 
114,085

Stable value(1) and pension risk transfer
11,518

 
12,088

Retail wealth management
9,695

 
3,562

Total AUM
145,915

 
129,735

AUA
227,271

 
213,499

Total AUM and AUA
$
373,186

 
$
343,234

(1) Where Voya is the Investment Manager.  Stable Value assets move from AUM to AUA when Voya no longer serves as Investment Manager but continues to provide a book value guarantee.


 
127
 

 
As of June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
General Account
$
32,519

 
$
32,625

Separate Account
70,913

 
65,491

Mutual Fund/Institutional Funds
42,483

 
31,619

AUA
227,271

 
213,499

Total AUM and AUA
$
373,186

 
$
343,234


The following table presents a rollforward of AUM for our Retirement segment for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Balance as of beginning of period
$
143,716

 
$
126,443

 
$
138,191

 
$
121,408

Transfer / Adjustment (1)
196

 
—

 
6,212

 
—

Deposits
4,440

 
4,080

 
8,959

 
9,076

Surrenders, benefits and product charges
(4,574
)
 
(3,800
)
 
(9,455
)
 
(8,185
)
Net flows
(134
)
 
280

 
(496
)
 
890

Interest credited and investment performance
2,137

 
3,012

 
2,008

 
7,436

Balance as of end of period
$
145,915

 
$
129,735

 
$
145,915

 
$
129,735

(1) Reflects investment-only products which were transferred from Corporate effective January 1, 2018 and an adjustment in the three months ended June 30, 2018 to include certain Stable Value assets previously reported as AUA.

Retirement - Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes increased $136 million from $33 million to $169 million primarily due to:
•
unfavorable DAC/VOBA unlocking in the prior period driven by an update to the assumptions related the GMIR initiative;
•
an increase in separate account and institutional/mutual fund AUM driven by equity market improvements resulting in higher full service fees;
•
lower amortization due to changes related to the GMIR initiative referenced above; and
•
an increase in alternative investment income.

The increase was partially offset by:

•
higher expenses primarily resulting from change in allocation of strategic investment spend; and
•
the impact of the shift in the business mix.

Retirement - Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017

Operating earnings before income taxes increased $97 million from $181 million to $278 million primarily due to:

•
lower unfavorable DAC/VOBA unlocking in the current period driven by an update to the assumptions related the GMIR initiative;
•
an increase in separate account and institutional/mutual fund AUM driven by equity market improvements resulting in higher full service fees;
•
lower amortization due to changes related to the GMIR initiative referenced above; and
•
an increase in alternative investment income.

The increase was partially offset by:

•
higher expenses primarily resulting from change in allocation of strategic investment spend; and
•
the impact of the shift in the business mix.



 
128
 

Investment Management

The following table presents Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes of our Investment Management segment for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Adjusted operating revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income and net realized gains (losses)
$
5

 
$
35

 
$
16

 
$
44

Fee income
161

 
158

 
326

 
308

Other revenue
5

 
11

 
14

 
23

Total adjusted operating revenues
171

 
204

 
356

 
375

Operating benefits and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses
119

 
119

 
243

 
241

Total operating benefits and expenses
119

 
119

 
243

 
241

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes
$
52

 
$
85

 
$
113

 
$
134


Our Investment Management segment operating revenues include the following intersegment revenues, primarily consisting of asset-based management and administration fees.
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018

2017
 
2018

2017
Investment Management intersegment revenues
$
39

 
$
43

 
$
82

 
$
87


The following table presents AUM and AUA for our Investment Management segment as of the dates indicated:
 
As of June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
Assets under Management
 
 
 
External clients:
 
 
 
Investment Management sourced
$
86,802

 
$
80,158

Affiliate sourced(1)
36,882

 
54,937

Variable annuities (2)
27,851

 
—

Total external clients
151,535

 
135,095

General account
55,617

 
81,905

Total AUM
207,152

 
217,000

Assets under Administration (3)
49,378

 
50,920

Total AUM and AUA
$
256,530

 
$
267,920

(1) Affiliate sourced AUM includes assets sourced by other segments and also reported as AUM or AUA by such other segments.
(2) Reflects AUM associated with the businesses divested as part of the Transaction.
(3) AUA includes assets sourced by other segments and also reported as AUA or AUM by such other segments.



 
129
 

The following table presents net flows for our Investment Management segment for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net Flows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment Management sourced
$
1,152

 
$
2,385

 
$
1,208

 
$
2,953

Affiliate sourced
(409
)
 
(515
)
 
(916
)
 
(822
)
Variable annuities (1)
(627
)
 
(699
)
 
(1,341
)
 
(2,114
)
Total
$
116

 
$
1,171

 
$
(1,049
)
 
$
17

(1) Reflects net flows associated with the businesses divested as part of the Transaction.

Investment Management - Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes decreased $33 million from $85 million to $52 million primarily due to:
•
lower alternative investment income primarily driven by the recovery of accrued carried interest in the prior period related to a sponsored private equity fund;
•
lower Other revenue primarily due to higher performance and production fees earned in the prior period; and
•
lower average general account AUM driven by the impact of the Transaction.

The decrease was partially offset by:

•
an increase in average AUM driven by the cumulative impact of positive net flows and market improvements resulting in higher management and administrative fees earned.

Investment Management - Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017

Operating earnings before income taxes decreased $21 million from $134 million to $113 million primarily due to:

•
lower alternative investment income primarily driven by the recovery of accrued carried interest in the prior period related to a sponsored private equity fund;
•
lower Other revenue primarily due to higher performance and production fees earned in the prior period;
•
lower average general account AUM driven by the impact of the Transaction; and
•
higher Operating expenses primarily associated with higher fee revenues.

The decrease was partially offset by:

•
an increase in average AUM driven by market improvements and the cumulative impact of positive net flows resulting in higher management and administrative fees earned.


 
130
 

Employee Benefits

The following table presents Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes of the Employee Benefits segment for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Adjusted operating revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income and net realized gains (losses)
$
28

 
$
27

 
$
55

 
$
54

Fee income
15

 
16

 
31

 
32

Premiums
418

 
401

 
829

 
806

Other revenue
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Total adjusted operating revenues
460

 
443

 
913

 
890

Operating benefits and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders
335

 
329

 
661

 
672

Operating expenses
87

 
84

 
178

 
174

Net amortization of DAC/VOBA
3

 
3

 
7

 
6

Total operating benefits and expenses
425

 
416

 
846

 
852

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes
$
35

 
$
27

 
$
67

 
$
38


The following table presents certain notable items that resulted in volatility in Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking(1)
$
—

 
$
(1
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(2
)
(1) See DAC/VOBA and Other Intangibles Unlocking in Part I, Item 2. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further description.


 
131
 

The following table presents sales, gross premiums and in-force for our Employee Benefits segment for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Sales by Product Line:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Group life
$
9

 
$
12

 
$
54

 
$
42

Stop loss
15

 
12

 
194

 
260

Disability and other
3

 
2

 
18

 
19

Total group products
27

 
26

 
266

 
321

Voluntary products
10

 
10

 
75

 
56

Total sales by product line
$
37

 
$
36

 
$
341

 
$
377

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total gross premiums and deposits
$
469

 
$
452

 
$
931

 
$
910

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Group life
$
515

 
$
479

 
$
515

 
$
479

Stop loss
938

 
992

 
938

 
992

Voluntary
312

 
262

 
312

 
262

Disability and other
149

 
141

 
149

 
141

Total annualized in-force premiums
$
1,914

 
$
1,874

 
$
1,914

 
$
1,874

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss Ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Group life (interest adjusted)
81.5
%
 
70.5
%
 
80.4
%
 
76.9
%
Stop loss
81.7
%
 
85.6
%
 
81.0
%
 
83.3
%

Employee Benefits - Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes increased $8 million from $27 million to $35 million primarily due to:

•
higher premiums driven by growth of the group life and voluntary business; and
•
favorable stop loss experience as a result of pricing actions taken to improve the loss ratio.

The increase was partially offset by:

•
higher benefits incurred due to a higher loss ratio on group life experience and growth of the business;
•
lower stop loss sales in the current period as a result of pricing actions taken to improve the loss ratio; and
•
higher distribution expenses to support increased volume.

Employee Benefits - Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017

Operating earnings before income taxes increased $29 million from $38 million to $67 million primarily due to:

•
higher premiums driven by growth of the voluntary and group life blocks; and
•
favorable stop loss and voluntary experience, including a favorable reserve refinement in the current period related to expired claims on the stop loss block.

The increase was partially offset by:

•
higher benefits incurred due to a higher loss ratio on group life and growth of the business
•
lower stop loss sales in the current period as a result of pricing actions taken to improve the loss ratio in the future.


 
132
 

Individual Life

The following table presents Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes of our Individual Life segment for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Adjusted operating revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income and net realized gains (losses)
$
225

 
$
213

 
$
443

 
$
424

Fee income
309

 
307

 
614

 
610

Premiums
103

 
105

 
208

 
216

Other revenue
4

 
4

 
7

 
9

Total adjusted operating revenues
641

 
629

 
1,272

 
1,259

Operating benefits and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders
489

 
448

 
984

 
923

Operating expenses
66

 
69

 
140

 
147

Net amortization of DAC/VOBA
45

 
50

 
90

 
95

Total operating benefits and expenses
600

 
567

 
1,214

 
1,165

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes
$
41

 
$
62

 
$
58

 
$
94


The following table presents certain notable items that resulted in volatility in Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking(1)
$
(31
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(60
)
 
$
(9
)
(1) See DAC/VOBA and Other Intangibles Unlocking in Part I, Item 2. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further description.

The following table presents the impact of DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking by line item for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Fee income
$
(2
)
 
$
1

 
$
4

 
$
(2
)
Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders
(25
)
 
4

 
(42
)
 
4

Net amortization of DAC/VOBA
(4
)
 
(6
)
 
(22
)
 
(11
)
Total
$
(31
)
 
(1
)
 
$
(60
)
 
(9
)

 
133
 


The following table presents sales, gross premiums, in-force amounts and policy count for our Individual Life segment for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Sales by Product Line:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Universal life:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indexed
$
16

 
$
17

 
$
32

 
$
38

Accumulation
1

 
1

 
2

 
2

Total universal life
17

 
18

 
34

 
40

Variable life
1

 
1

 
1

 
2

Term
—

 
—

 
—

 
2

Total sales by product line
$
18

 
$
19

 
$
35

 
$
44

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total gross premiums
$
444

 
$
453

 
$
893

 
$
900

End of period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In-force face amount
$
316,574

 
$
337,919

 
$
316,574

 
$
337,919

In-force policy count
800,771

 
859,880

 
800,771

 
859,880

New business policy count (paid)
1,069

 
1,235

 
2,129

 
4,280


Individual Life - Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes decreased $21 million from $62 million to $41 million primarily due to:

•
higher net unfavorable DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking, mostly driven by prospective assumption updates related to changes in reinsurance and unfavorable net mortality, described below; and
•
lower underwriting gains, net of DAC/VOBA and other intangibles amortization, primarily driven by adverse net mortality due to higher frequency and severity on the combined interest and non-interest sensitive blocks, partially offset by favorable lower financing costs.

The decrease was partially offset by:

•
higher Net investment income primarily due to higher alternative investment income driven by the cumulative impact of equity market performance in the prior year.

Individual Life - Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017

Operating earnings before income taxes decreased $36 million from $94 million to $58 million primarily due to:

•
higher net unfavorable DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking, mostly driven by unfavorable net mortality, described below, as well as prospective assumption updates related to changes in reinsurance; and
•
lower underwriting gains, net of DAC/VOBA and other intangibles amortization, primarily driven by adverse net mortality due to higher frequency and severity on the combined interest and non-interest sensitive blocks, partially offset by lower financing costs.

The decrease was partially offset by:

•
higher alternative investment income driven by the cumulative impact of equity market performance in the prior year; and
•
higher fixed investment income from higher volumes.


 
134
 

Corporate

The following table presents Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes of Corporate for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Adjusted operating revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net investment income and net realized gains (losses)
$
69

 
$
64

 
$
130

 
$
118

Fee income (1)
10

 
27

 
21

 
54

Premiums
6

 
12

 
26

 
43

Other revenue
6

 
2

 
6

 
2

Total adjusted operating revenues
91

 
105

 
183

 
217

Operating benefits and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders
39

 
59

 
95

 
131

Operating expenses (1)
60

 
97

 
101

 
184

Net amortization of DAC/VOBA
3

 
2

 
5

 
3

Interest expense
48

 
47

 
97

 
94

Total operating benefits and expenses
150

 
205

 
298

 
412

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes(2)
$
(59
)
 
$
(100
)
 
$
(115
)
 
$
(195
)
(1) The prior periods include investment-only products, which were transferred to our Retirement segment during the three months ended March 31, 2018.
(2) The prior periods include insignificant amounts related to net investment gains (losses) and changes in fair value of derivatives related to guaranteed benefits associated with the Retained Business.

The following table presents information about our Operating expenses of Corporate for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Strategic Investment Program(1)
$
—

 
$
23

 
$
—

 
$
43

Amortization of intangibles
9

 
10

 
18

 
18

Other(2)
51

 
64

 
83

 
123

Total Operating expenses
$
60

 
$
97

 
$
101

 
$
184

(1) In 2018, Strategic Investment Program costs are insignificant and reflected in our reportable segments.
(2) Includes expense from corporate operations, Retained Business and other closed blocks, and expense not allocated to our segments, including Stranded Costs.
 
Corporate - Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2017

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes improved $41 million from a loss of $100 million to a loss of $59 million primarily related to:

•
a decline in expenses associated with our Strategic Investment Program as the expense is allocated to our segments beginning in the first quarter of 2018;
•
favorable changes in reserves in our Retained Business driven by a reserve refinement in our GMDB block;
•
favorable impact as a result of certain funding agreements in run-off during; and
•
lower compliance-related spend.

Corporate - Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes improved $80 million from a loss of $195 million to a loss of $115 million primarily due to:

•
a decline in expenses associated with our Strategic Investment Program as the expense is allocated to our segments beginning in the first quarter of 2018;
•
favorable changes in reserves in our Retained Business driven by a reserve refinement in our GMDB block;

 
135
 

•
favorable impact as a result of certain funding agreements in run-off during 2017; and
•
lower compliance-related spend.

Alternative Investment Income

Investment income on certain alternative investments can be volatile due to changes in market conditions. The following table presents the amount of investment income (loss) on certain alternative investments that is included in segment Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes and the average level of assets in each segment, prior to intercompany eliminations, which excludes alternative investments and income that are a component of Assets held for sale and Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, respectively, and alternative investments and income in Corporate. These alternative investments are carried at fair value, which is estimated based on the net asset value ("NAV") of these funds.

While investment income on these assets can be volatile, based on current plans, we expect to earn 8.0% to 9.0% on these assets over the long term.

Alternative investment income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and the average assets of alternative investments as of the dates indicated were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Retirement:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alternative investment income
$
20

 
$
13

 
$
38

 
$
28

Average alternative investment
558

 
523

 
547

 
509

Investment Management (1):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alternative investment income
5

 
35

 
16

 
44

Average alternative investment
250

 
221

 
256

 
215

Employee Benefits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alternative investment income
2

 
1

 
4

 
3

Average alternative investment
53

 
50

 
52

 
48

Individual Life:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alternative investment income
16

 
8

 
25

 
13

Average alternative investment
348

 
252

 
330

 
236

(1) Includes performance fees related to sponsored private equity funds (“carried interest”) that are subject to later reversal based on subsequent fund performance, to the extent that cumulative rates of investment return fall below specified investment hurdle rates. Should the market value of a portfolio increase in future periods, reversals of carried interest could be fully or partially recovered. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 our carried interest total net results were immaterial. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, our carried interest total net results were a gain of $32 million, including the recovery of $28 million of carried interest reversed in prior periods.

DAC/VOBA and Other Intangibles Unlocking

Changes in Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes and Net income (loss) are influenced by increases and decreases in amortization of DAC, VOBA, deferred sales inducements ("DSI") and unearned revenue ("URR"), collectively, "DAC/VOBA and other intangibles." For Individual Life, changes in Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes and Net income (loss) are also influenced by increases and decreases in amortization of net cost of reinsurance, as well as by changes in reserves associated with UL and variable universal life ("VUL") secondary guarantees and paid-up guarantees. Unlocking, described below, related to DAC, VOBA, DSI and URR, as well as amortization of net cost of reinsurance and reserve adjustments associated with UL and VUL secondary guarantees and paid-up guarantees are referred to as "DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking." See the "Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Value of Business Acquired and Other Intangibles," "Reinsurance," and "Future Policy Benefits and Contract Owner Account Balances" sections in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note in our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information.


 
136
 

We amortize DAC/VOBA and other intangibles related to universal life-type contracts and fixed deferred annuity contracts over the estimated lives of the contracts in relation to the emergence of estimated gross profits. Variable deferred annuity contracts are amortized over estimated gross revenues. Net cost of reinsurance is amortized in a similar manner. For universal life-type contracts, assumptions as to mortality, persistency, interest crediting rates, returns associated with separate account performance, impact of hedge performance, expenses to administer the business and certain economic variables, such as inflation, are based on our experience and our overall short-term and long-term future expectations for returns available in the capital markets. At each valuation date, estimated gross profits are updated with actual gross profits and the assumptions underlying future estimated gross profits are evaluated for continued reasonableness. Adjustments to estimated gross profits require that amortization rates be revised retroactively to the date of the contract issuance, which is referred to as unlocking. As a result of this process, the cumulative balances of DAC/VOBA and other intangibles and net cost of reinsurance are adjusted with an offsetting benefit or charge to income to reflect changes in the period of the revision. An unlocking event that results in a benefit ("favorable unlocking") generally occurs as a result of actual experience or future expectations being favorable compared to previous estimates. Changes in DAC/VOBA and other intangibles and net cost of reinsurance due to contract changes or contract terminations higher than estimated are also included in "unlocking." An unlocking event that results in a charge ("unfavorable unlocking") generally occurs as a result of actual experience or future expectations being unfavorable compared to previous estimates. As a result of unlocking, the amortization schedules for future periods are also adjusted.

Reserves for UL and VUL secondary guarantees and paid-up guarantees are calculated by estimating the expected value of death benefits payable and recognizing those benefits ratably over the accumulation period based on total expected assessments. The reserve for such products recognizes the portion of contract assessments received in early years used to compensate us for benefits provided in later years. Assumptions used, such as the interest rate, lapse rate and mortality, are consistent with assumptions used in estimating gross profits for purposes of amortizing DAC. At each valuation date, we evaluate these assumptions and, if actual experience or other evidence suggests that earlier assumptions should be revised, we adjust the reserve balance, with a related charge or credit to Policyholder benefits. These reserve adjustments are included in unlocking associated with all our segments.

We also review the estimated gross profits for each of these blocks of business to determine the recoverability of DAC, VOBA and DSI balances each period. If these assets are deemed to be unrecoverable, a write-down is recorded that is referred to as loss recognition. There was no loss recognition for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

The following table presents the amount of DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking that is included in segment Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Retirement
$
3

 
$
(114
)
 
$
(38
)
 
$
(101
)
Individual Life
(31
)
 
(1
)
 
(60
)
 
(9
)
Employee Benefits
—

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(2
)
Total DAC/VOBA and other intangibles unlocking
$
(28
)
 
$
(116
)
 
$
(99
)
 
$
(112
)

Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Liquidity is our ability to generate sufficient cash flows to meet the cash requirements of operating, investing and financing activities. Capital refers to our long-term financial resources available to support the business operations and contribute to future growth. Our ability to generate and maintain sufficient liquidity and capital depends on the profitability of the businesses, timing of cash flows on investments and products, general economic conditions and access to the capital markets and the alternate sources of liquidity and capital described herein.

Consolidated Sources and Uses of Liquidity and Capital

Our principal available sources of liquidity are product charges, investment income, proceeds from the maturity and sale of investments, proceeds from debt issuance and borrowing facilities, repurchase agreements, contract deposits, securities lending and funding agreements. Primary uses of these funds are payments of policyholder benefits commissions and operating expenses, interest credits, share repurchases, investment purchases and contract maturities, withdrawals and surrenders.


 
137
 

Parent Company Sources and Uses of Liquidity and Capital

In evaluating liquidity, it is important to distinguish the cash flow needs of Voya Financial, Inc. from the cash flow needs of the Company as a whole. Voya Financial, Inc. is largely dependent on cash flows from its operating subsidiaries to meet its obligations. The principal sources of funds available to Voya Financial, Inc. include dividends and returns of capital from its operating subsidiaries, as well as cash and short-term investments. These sources of funds are currently supplemented by Voya Financial, Inc.’s access to the $750 million revolving credit sublimit of its Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and reciprocal borrowing facilities maintained with its subsidiaries as well as other alternate sources of liquidity described below either directly or indirectly through its insurance subsidiaries.

Voya Financial, Inc.'s primary sources and uses of cash for the periods indicated are presented in the following table:
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
Beginning cash and cash equivalents balance
$
244

 
$
257

Sources:
 
 
 
Proceeds from loans from subsidiaries, net of repayments
11

 
—

Dividends and returns of capital from subsidiaries
811

 
770

Amounts received from subsidiaries under tax sharing agreements, net
4

 
—

Refund of income taxes, net
—

 
154

Sale of short-term investments
212

 
—

Proceeds from 2048 Notes offering
350

 
—

Total sources
1,388

 
924

Uses:
 
 
 
Repurchase of Senior Notes
—

 
90

Premium paid and other fees related to debt extinguishment
—

 
1

Payment of interest expense
74

 
75

Capital provided to subsidiaries
—

 
50

Repayments of loans from subsidiaries, net of new issuances
418

 
10

New issuances of loans to subsidiaries, net of repayments
—

 
14

Amounts paid to subsidiaries under tax sharing agreements, net
—

 
127

Debt issuance costs
6

 
—

Common stock acquired - Share repurchase
500

 
423

Share-based compensation
15

 
7

Dividends paid
3

 
4

Maturity of 2018 Notes
337

 
—

Other, net
10

 
8

Total uses
1,363

 
809

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
25

 
115

Ending cash and cash equivalents balance
$
269

 
$
372


Share Repurchase Program and Dividends to Shareholders

On March 13, 2014, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program, pursuant to which we may, from time to time, purchase shares of our common shares through various means, including, without limitation, open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, forward, derivative, or accelerated repurchase, or automatic repurchase transactions, including 10b5-1 plans, or tender offers.

On February 1, 2018, our Board of Directors provided its most recent share repurchase authorization, increasing the aggregate amount of our common stock authorized for repurchase under our share repurchase program by $500 million. The additional share

 
138
 

repurchase authorization expires on December 31, 2018 (unless extended), and does not obligate us to purchase any shares. The authorization for the share repurchase program may be terminated, increased or decreased by our Board of Directors at any time.

On March 26, 2018, the share repurchase arrangement we entered into on December 26, 2017 with a third-party financial institution terminated. Upon termination, an additional 1,947,413 shares were delivered.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we repurchased 9,617,162 shares through a 10b5-1 plan for an aggregate purchase price of $500 million. The remaining amount of our share repurchase authorization is $511 million as of June 30, 2018.

The following table summarizes our return of capital to common shareholders:
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
Dividends to shareholders
$
3

 
$
4

Repurchase of common shares
600

 
623

Total cash returned to shareholders
$
603

 
$
627


Liquidity

We manage liquidity through access to substantial investment portfolios as well as a variety of other sources of liquidity including committed credit facilities, securities lending and repurchase agreements. Our asset-liability management ("ALM") process takes into account the expected maturity of investments and expected benefit payments as well as the specific nature and risk profile of the liabilities, including variable products with guarantees. As part of our liquidity management process, we model different scenarios to determine whether existing assets are adequate to meet projected cash flows. Key variables in the modeling process include interest rates, equity market movements, quantity and type of interest and equity market hedges, anticipated contract owner behavior, market value of general account assets, variable separate account performance and implications of rating agency actions.

Description of Certain Indebtedness

We borrow funds to provide liquidity, invest in the growth of the business and for general corporate purposes. Our ability to access these borrowings depends on a variety of factors including, but not limited to, the credit rating of Voya Financial, Inc. and of its insurance company subsidiaries and general macroeconomic conditions.

We had $1 million of short-term debt borrowings outstanding consisting entirely of the current portion of long-term debt as of June 30, 2018. The following table summarizes our borrowing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018:
($ in millions)
Beginning Balance
 
Issuance
 
Maturities and Repurchases
 
Other Changes
 
Ending Balance
Long-Term Debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt securities
$
3,455

 
$
350

 
$
(347
)
 
$
(4
)
 
$
3,454

Windsor property loan
5

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
5

Subtotal
3,460

 
350

 
(347
)
 
(4
)
 
3,459

Less: Current portion of long-term debt
337

 
—

 
(337
)
 
1

 
1

Total long-term debt
$
3,123

 
$
350

 
$
(10
)
 
$
(5
)
 
$
3,458


As of June 30, 2018, we were in compliance with our debt covenants.


 
139
 

Debt Securities

Senior Notes. As of June 30, 2018, Voya Financial, Inc. had five series of senior notes outstanding (collectively, the "Senior Notes") with an aggregate principal amount outstanding of $2.0 billion. We may elect to redeem all or any portion of the Senior Notes at any time at a redemption price equal to the principal amount redeemed, or, if greater, a "make-whole redemption price," plus, in each case accrued and unpaid interest.

On February 15, 2018, the remaining 2.9% Senior Notes due February 15, 2018 (the "2018 Notes") matured and Voya Financial, Inc. paid the remaining principal and interest due.

Junior Subordinated Notes. As of June 30, 2018, the principal amount outstanding of junior subordinated notes (the "Junior Subordinated Notes") was $1.1 billion. The Junior Subordinated Notes are guaranteed on an unsecured, junior subordinated basis by Voya Holdings.

On January 23, 2018, Voya Financial, Inc. completed an offering, through a private placement, of $350 million aggregate principal amount of 4.7% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Notes due 2048 (the "2048 Notes"). The 2048 Notes are guaranteed on an unsecured, junior subordinated basis by Voya Holdings. We used the net proceeds from the offering to repay at maturity our 2018 Notes and to pay accrued interest thereon. The remaining proceeds after the repayment of the 2018 Notes were used for general corporate purposes.

Interest is paid on the 2048 Notes semi-annually, in arrears, on each January 23 and July 23, at a fixed rate of 4.7% until January 23, 2028. From January 23, 2028, the 2048 Notes bear interest at an annual rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.084% payable quarterly, in arrears, on January 23, April 23, July 23 and October 23. So long as no event of default with respect to the 2048 Notes has occurred and is continuing, we have the right on one or more occasions, to defer the payment of interest on the 2048 Notes for one or more consecutive interest periods for up to five years. During the deferral period, interest will continue to accrue at the then-applicable rate and deferred interest will bear additional interest at the then-applicable rate.

At any time following notice of our plan to defer interest and during the period interest is deferred, we and our subsidiaries generally, with certain exceptions, may not make payments on or redeem or purchase any shares of our common stock or any of the debt securities or guarantees that rank in liquidation on a parity with or are junior to the 2048 Notes.

We may elect to redeem the 2048 Notes (i) in whole at any time or in part on or after January 23, 2028 at a redemption price equal to the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. If the notes are not redeemed in whole, $25 million of aggregate principal (excluding the principal amount of the 2048 Notes held by us or our affiliates) must remain outstanding after giving effect to the redemption; or (ii) in whole, but not in part, at any time prior to January 23, 2028 within 90 days after the occurrence of a "tax event", a "rating agency event" or a "regulatory capital event," as defined in the 2048 Notes offering memorandum, at a redemption price equal to (a) with respect to a "rating agency event" 102% of their principal amount and (ii) with respect to a "tax event" or a "regulatory capital event," their principal amount, in each case plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Pursuant to a registration rights agreement that we have entered into with respect to the 2048 Notes, we have agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to file a registration statement with respect to the 2048 Notes within 320 days from the closing date.

Aetna Notes. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, Voya Holdings repurchased $10 million of the outstanding principal amount of 7.63% Debentures due August 15, 2026. In connection with this transaction, we incurred a loss on debt extinguishment of $3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, which was recorded in Interest Expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of June 30, 2018, the outstanding principal amount of the Aetna Notes was $416 million, which is guaranteed by ING Group.

 
140
 


During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we withdrew $8 million of collateral from a control account benefiting ING Group with a third-party collateral agent, thereby decreasing the remaining collateral balance to $223 million. The collateral may be exchanged at any time upon the posting of any other form of acceptable collateral to the account.

Senior Unsecured Credit Facility

We have a senior unsecured credit facility, with a revolving credit sublimit of $750 million and a total LOC capacity of $1.0 billion following the closing of the Transaction. The facility expires on May 6, 2021.

On January 24, 2018, we further amended the Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement ("Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement"), dated as of May 6, 2016, by entering into a Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement ("Second Amendment") with the lenders thereunder. The Second Amendment modifies the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement by requiring us to maintain a minimum net worth in light of the classification of substantially all of our CBVA and Annuities businesses as discontinued operations. Upon entering into the MTA for the Transaction, we recorded an estimated loss on sale in the fourth quarter of 2017. Consequently, Voya Financial, Inc. is now required to maintain a minimum net worth equal to the greater of (i) $6 billion or (ii) 75% of our actual net worth as of December 31, 2017 (as calculated in the manner set forth in the Second Amended Credit Agreement). The minimum net worth amount may increase upon any future equity issuances by us. Also pursuant to the Second Amendment, upon the closing of the MTA, the total amount of LOCs that may be issued was reduced from $2.25 billion to $1.0 billion. The $750 million sublimit available for direct borrowings remains unchanged.

As of June 30, 2018, there were no amounts outstanding as revolving credit borrowings and no amounts of LOCs outstanding under the senior unsecured credit facility.

Other Credit Facilities

We use credit facilities primarily to provide collateral required under our affiliated reinsurance transactions as well as certain third-party reinsurance arrangements to which Security Life of Denver International Limited ("SLDI"), one of our Arizona captives, is a party. We also issue guarantees and enter into financing arrangements in connection with our affiliated reinsurance transactions. These arrangements are primarily designed to facilitate the financing of statutory reserve requirements. By reinsuring business to our captive reinsurance subsidiaries and our Arizona captives, we are able to use alternative sources of collateral to fund the statutory reserve requirements and are generally able to secure longer term financing on a more capital efficient basis.

Prior to the closing of the Transaction, we utilized LOCs to provide credit for reinsurance on portions of the CBVA segment liabilities reinsured to Roaring River II, Inc. ("RRII"), one of our Arizona captives, in order to meet statutory reserve requirements.

In addition to the $3.2 billion of credit facilities utilized by Individual Life, Retirement and Hannover Re block, $2 million of LOCs were outstanding to support miscellaneous requirements. In total, $3.2 billion of credit facilities were utilized as of June 30, 2018. As of June 30, 2018, the capacity of our unsecured and uncommitted credit facilities totaled $457 million and the capacity of our unsecured and committed credit facilities totaled $4.6 billion. We also have $10 million in secured facilities.


 
141
 

The following table summarizes our credit facilities, including our senior unsecured credit facility, as of June 30, 2018:
($ in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligor / Applicant
 
Business Supported
 
Secured / Unsecured
 
Committed / Uncommitted
 
Expiration
 
Capacity
 
Utilization
 
Unused Commitment
Voya Financial, Inc.
 
Other
 
Unsecured
 
Committed
 
05/06/2021
 
$
1,000

 
$
—

 
$
1,000

SLDI
 
Retirement
 
Unsecured
 
Committed
 
01/24/2021
 
195

 
184

 
11

SLDI
 
Hannover Re
 
Unsecured
 
Committed
 
10/29/2023
 
61

 
61

 
—

Voya Financial, Inc. / SLDI
 
Individual Life
 
Unsecured
 
Committed
 
12/31/2025
 
475

 
475

 
—

Voya Financial, Inc. / SLDI
 
Individual Life
 
Unsecured
 
Committed
 
07/01/2037
 
1,525

 
1,311

 
214

Voya Financial, Inc.(1)
 
Individual Life
 
Unsecured
 
Committed
 
02/11/2021
 
195

 
195

 
—

Voya Financial, Inc.
 
Other
 
Unsecured
 
Uncommitted
 
Various
 
1

 
1

 
—

Voya Financial, Inc.
 
Other
 
Secured
 
Uncommitted
 
Various
 
10

 
1

 
—

Voya Financial, Inc. /Roaring River LLC (1)
 
Individual Life
 
Unsecured
 
Committed
 
10/01/2025
 
425

 
323

 
102

Voya Financial, Inc. /Roaring River IV, LLC
 
Individual Life
 
Unsecured
 
Committed
 
12/31/2028
 
565

 
274

 
291

Voya Financial, Inc. /SLDI (1)
 
Other
 
Unsecured
 
Uncommitted
 
04/16/2019
 
300

 
—

 
—

Voya Financial, Inc. (1)
 
Individual Life
 
Unsecured
 
Committed
 
12/09/2021
 
195

 
185

 
10

Voya Financial, Inc.
 
Hannover Re
 
Unsecured
 
Uncommitted
 
04/27/2021
 
156

 
156

 
—

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
5,103

 
$
3,166

 
$
1,628

(1) In addition to the Second Amendment, as of January 30, 2018, we entered into amendments to these credit facilities with the lenders thereunder. Consequently, Voya Financial, Inc. is now required to maintain a minimum net worth equal to the greater of (i) $6 billion or (ii) 75% of our actual net worth as of December 31, 2017 (as calculated in the manner set forth in the amendments) under each of these facility agreements. The minimum net worth amount may increase upon any future equity issuances by us.

Total fees associated with credit facilities were $8 million and $12 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Total fees associated with credit facilities were $18 million and $24 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The reduction in expenses associated with credit facilities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 is due to the renewal of several facilities which introduced lower rates per annum. Additionally, a portion of reduced fees is attributable to the January 2018 cancellation of the financing arrangement associated with Langhorne I, LLC ("Langhorne I").

Effective January 18, 2018, a $500 million financing arrangement between Langhorne I, Voya Financial, Inc. and a third party was cancelled.

Effective January 24, 2018, SLDI and Voya Financial, Inc. entered into an amendment to renew a $175 million letter of credit facility agreement with a third party bank increasing the commitment to $195 million and extending the expiration date of the facility from January 24, 2018 to January 24, 2021.

Effective April 27, 2018, Voya Financial, Inc. entered into a $156 million letter of credit facility agreement with a third-party bank.

Effective May 2, 2018, a $167 million letter of credit facility between Voya Financial, Inc. and a third party bank was cancelled.


 
142
 

The following tables present our existing financing facilities for each of our Individual Life, Retirement and Hannover Re blocks of business as of June 30, 2018. While these tables present the current financing for each block, these financing facilities will expire prior to the runoff of the reserve liabilities they support. In addition, these liabilities will change over the life of each block. As a result, we expect to periodically extend or replace and increase, as necessary, the existing financing as each block grows toward the peak reserve requirement noted below.

Individual Life
($ in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligor / Applicant
 
 Financing Structure
 
Reserve Type
 
Expiration
 
Capacity
 
Utilization
Voya Financial, Inc.
 
Credit Facility
 
XXX/AG38
 
02/11/2021
 
$
195

 
$
195

Voya Financial, Inc. / SLDI
 
Note Facility
 
XXX
 
07/01/2037
 
1,525

 
1,311

Voya Financial, Inc. / Roaring River LLC
 
LOC Facility
 
XXX
 
10/01/2025
 
425

 
323

Voya Financial, Inc. / Roaring River IV, LLC
 
Trust Note
 
AG38
 
12/31/2028
 
565

 
274

Voya Financial, Inc. / SLDI
 
LOC Facility
 
AG38
 
12/31/2025
 
475

 
475

Voya Financial, Inc.
 
Credit Facility
 
XXX
 
12/09/2021
 
195

 
185

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
3,380

 
$
2,763


Retirement
($ in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligor / Applicant
 
Financing Structure
 
Product
 
Expiration
 
Capacity
 
Utilization
SLDI
 
LOC Facility
 
Individual & Group Deferred Annuities
 
01/24/2021
 
$
195

 
$
184

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
195

 
$
184


Hannover Re block
($ in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligor / Applicant
 
Financing Structure
 
Reserve Type
 
Expiration
 
Capacity
 
Utilization
SLDI
 
LOC Facility
 
XXX/AG38
 
10/29/2023
 
$
61

 
$
61

Voya Financial, Inc.
 
LOC Facility
 
XXX/AG38
 
04/27/2021
 
156

 
156

Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
217

 
$
217


Voya Financial, Inc. Credit Support of Subsidiaries

In addition to our Senior Unsecured Credit Facility, Voya Financial, Inc. maintains credit facilities with or provide credit support to third-party banks to support the reinsurance obligations of our captive reinsurance subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2018, such facilities provided for up to $4.1 billion of capacity, of which $3.2 billion was utilized.

In addition to providing credit facilities, we also provide credit support to our captive reinsurance subsidiaries through surplus maintenance agreements, pursuant to which we agree to cause these subsidiaries to maintain particular levels of capital or surplus and which we entered into, in connection with particular credit facility agreements. Since these obligations are not subject to limitations, it is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under these agreements.

•
On January 1, 2014, Voya Financial, Inc. entered into a reimbursement agreement with a third-party bank for its wholly owned subsidiary, Roaring River IV, LLC ("Roaring River IV") to provide up to $565 million of statutory reserve financing through a trust note which matures December 31, 2028. The reimbursement agreement requires Voya Financial, Inc. to cause capital to be maintained in Roaring River IV Holding LLC, the intermediate holding company of Roaring River IV, and in Roaring River IV. These amounts will vary over time based on a percentage of Roaring River IV in force life

 
143
 

insurance. This surplus maintenance agreement is effective for the duration of the related credit facility agreement and the maximum potential obligations are not specified or applicable.

•
Effective January 15, 2014, Voya Financial, Inc. entered into a surplus maintenance agreement with Langhorne I, a wholly owned captive reinsurance subsidiary, whereby Voya Financial, Inc. agrees to cause Langhorne I to maintain capital of at least $85 million. This surplus maintenance agreement is effective for the duration of the related credit facility agreement and the maximum potential obligations are not specified or applicable. In February of 2018, this surplus maintenance agreement was terminated following the January 2018 cancellation of the credit facility agreement.

Voya Financial, Inc. and SLDI are parties to a LOC facility agreement with a third-party bank that provides up to $475 million of LOC capacity. SLDI has reimbursement obligations to the bank under this agreement, in an aggregate amount of up to $475 million, which obligations are guaranteed by Voya Financial, Inc. This agreement was entered into to facilitate collateral requirements supporting reinsurance. Voya Financial, Inc.’s guarantee obligations are effective for the duration of SLDI’s reimbursement obligations to the bank.

Roaring River, LLC ("Roaring River") is party to a LOC facility agreement with a third-party bank that provides up to $425 million of LOC capacity. Roaring River has reimbursement obligations to the bank under this agreement, in an aggregate amount of up to $425 million, which obligations are guaranteed by Voya Financial, Inc. This agreement and the related guarantee were entered into to facilitate collateral requirements supporting reinsurance. The guarantee is effective for the duration of Roaring River’s reimbursement obligations to the bank.

Voya Financial, Inc. guarantees the obligations of one of its subsidiaries, Voya Financial Products Inc. ("VFP"), under a credit default swap arrangement under which VFP has written credit protection in the notional amount of $500 million with respect to a portfolio of investment grade corporate debt instruments. The remaining outstanding notional amount will mature on September 20, 2018.

Under the Buyer Facility Agreement put into place by Hannover Re, Voya Financial, Inc. and SLDI have contingent reimbursement obligations and Voya Financial, Inc. has guarantee obligations, up to the full principal amount of the note issued pursuant to the agreement, if Security Life of Denver Insurance Company ("SLD") or SLDI were to direct the sale or liquidation of the note other than as permitted by the Buyer Facility Agreement, or fail to return reinsurance collateral (including the note) upon termination of the Buyer Facility Agreement or as otherwise required by the Buyer Facility Agreement. In addition, Voya Financial, Inc. has agreed to indemnify Hannover Re for any losses it incurs in the event that SLD or SLDI were to exercise offset rights unrelated to the Hannover Re block.

Voya Financial, Inc. has also entered into a corporate guarantee agreement with a third-party ceding insurer where it guarantees the reinsurance obligations of our subsidiary, SLD, assumed under a reinsurance agreement with the third-party cedent. SLD retrocedes the business to Hannover US who is the claim paying party. The current amount of reserves outstanding as of June 30, 2018 is $20 million. The maximum potential obligation is not specified or applicable. Since these obligations are not subject to limitations, it is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under these guarantees.

Voya Financial, Inc. guarantees the obligations of Voya Holdings under the $13 million principal amount Equitable Notes maturing in 2027 as well as $416 million combined principal amount of Aetna Notes. For more information see "Debt Securities" above.

Effective April 15, 2016, Voya Financial, Inc. and Voya Holdings entered into a $300 million letter of credit facility agreement with a third-party bank in order to guarantee the reimbursement obligations of SLDI as borrower.

Effective July 1, 2017, Voya Financial, Inc. entered into an agreement with its affiliate, SLDI and a third party whereby Voya Financial, Inc. guarantees certain reimbursement and fee payment obligations of SLDI as borrower.

Effective December 28, 2017 Voya Financial, Inc. and Voya Holdings entered into an agreement with VIAC in order to provide a joint and several guarantee of VIAC’s payment obligations as the issuer of certain surplus notes to affiliates of Voya Financial, Inc. The agreement provides for Voya and Voya Holdings to reimburse the applicable holder to the extent that any interest on, principal of, and any redemption payment with respect to such Surplus Note unpaid by VIAC on its scheduled date of payment as a result of certain payment restrictions under the terms of such Surplus Notes and applicable law, including that any such payments may only be made with the prior approval of the commissioner of insurance of the VIAC’s state of domicile.

 
144
 


Effective January 24, 2018, Voya Financial, Inc. entered into an agreement with a third party bank whereby Voya Financial, Inc. guarantees the payment obligations of SLDI as borrower under a credit facility agreement.

Effective April 27, 2018, Voya Holdings entered into an agreement with a third party bank to guarantee the payment obligations of Voya Financial, Inc. as a borrower under a credit facility agreement.

Effective May 2, 2018, an agreement between Voya Holdings and a third party bank, where Voya Holdings guarantees the payment obligation of Voya Financial was terminated upon the corresponding cancellation of a credit facility agreement.

We did not recognize any asset or liability as of June 30, 2018 in relation to intercompany indemnifications and support agreements. As of June 30, 2018, no circumstances existed in which we were required to currently perform under these indemnifications and support agreements.

Borrowings from Subsidiaries

We maintain revolving reciprocal loan agreements with a number of our life and non-life insurance subsidiaries that are used to fund short-term cash requirements that arise in the ordinary course of business. Under these agreements, either party may borrow up to the maximum allowable under the agreement for a term not more than 270 days. For life insurance subsidiaries, the amounts that either party may borrow from the other under the agreement vary and are between 2% and 5% of the insurance subsidiary's statutory net admitted assets (excluding separate accounts) as of the previous year end depending on the state of domicile. As of June 30, 2018, the aggregate amount that may be borrowed or lent under agreements with life insurance subsidiaries was $1.8 billion. For non-life insurance subsidiaries, the maximum allowable under the agreement is based on the assets of the subsidiaries and their particular cash requirements. As of June 30, 2018, Voya Financial, Inc. had no outstanding borrowings from subsidiaries. Voya Financial, Inc. loaned $179 million to its subsidiaries as of June 30, 2018.

Ratings

Our access to funding and our related cost of borrowing, requirements for derivatives collateral posting and the attractiveness of certain of our products to customers are affected by our credit ratings and insurance financial strength ratings, which are periodically reviewed by the rating agencies. Financial strength ratings and credit ratings are important factors affecting public confidence in an insurer and its competitive position in marketing products. The credit ratings are also important for the ability to raise capital through the issuance of debt and for the cost of such financing.

A downgrade in our credit ratings or the credit or financial strength ratings of our rated subsidiaries could potentially, among other things, limit our ability to market products, reduce our competitiveness, increase the number or value of policy surrenders and withdrawals, increase our borrowing costs and potentially make it more difficult to borrow funds, adversely affect the availability of financial guarantees or LOCs, cause additional collateral requirements or other required payments under certain agreements, allow counterparties to terminate derivative agreements and/or hurt our relationships with creditors, distributors or trading counterparties thereby potentially negatively affecting our profitability, liquidity and/or capital. In addition, we consider nonperformance risk in determining the fair value of our liabilities. Therefore, changes in our credit or financial strength ratings may affect the fair value of our liabilities.

Additionally, ratings of the Aetna Notes, which are guaranteed by ING Group are influenced by ING Group’s ratings. A change in the credit ratings of ING Group could result in a change in the ratings of these securities.

Financial strength ratings represent the opinions of rating agencies regarding the financial ability of an insurance company to meet its obligations under an insurance policy. Credit ratings represent the opinions of rating agencies regarding an entity's ability to repay its indebtedness. These ratings are not a recommendation to buy or hold any of our securities and they may be revised or revoked at any time at the sole discretion of the rating organization.


 
145
 

The financial strength and credit ratings of Voya Financial, Inc. and its principal subsidiaries as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are summarized in the following table. In parentheses, following the initial occurrence in the table of each rating, is an indication of that rating’s relative rank within the agency’s rating categories. That ranking refers only to the generic or major rating category and not to the modifiers appended to the rating by the rating agencies to denote relative position within such generic or major category. For each rating, the relative position of the rating within the relevant rating agency’s ratings scale is presented, with "1" representing the highest rating in the scale.
 
 
Rating Agency
 
 
A.M. Best
 
Fitch, Inc.
 
Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
 
Standard & Poor's
Company
 
("A.M. Best")
 
("Fitch")
 
("Moody's")
 
("S&P")
Voya Financial, Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term Issuer Credit Rating
 
bbb+ (4 of 10)
 
BBB+ (4 of 11)
 
Baa2 (4 of 9)
 
BBB (4 of 11)
Senior Unsecured Debt Credit Rating(1)
 
bbb+ (4 of 10)
 
BBB (4 of 9)
 
Baa2 (4 of 9)
 
BBB (4 of 9)
Junior Subordinated Debt Credit Rating(2)
 
bbb- (4 of 10)
 
BB+ (5 of 9)
 
Baa3 (hyb) (4 of 9)
 
BB+ (5 of 9)
Senior Unsecured Debt Shelf Registration
 
 
 
 
 
(P)Baa3
 
 
Senior Subordinated Debt Shelf Registration
 
 
 
 
 
(P)Ba1
 
 
Preferred Shelf
 
 
 
 
 
(P)Ba2
 
 
Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Strength Rating
 
A (3 of 16)
 
A (3 of 9)
 
A2 (3 of 9)
 
A (3 of 9)
ReliaStar Life Insurance Company
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Strength Rating
 
A (3 of 16)
 
A (3 of 9)
 
A2 (3 of 9)
 
A (3 of 9)
Short-term Issuer Credit Rating
 
NR
 
NR
 
NR
 
A-1 (1 of 8)
Security Life of Denver Insurance Company
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Strength Rating
 
A (3 of 16)
 
A (3 of 9)
 
A2 (3 of 9)
 
A (3 of 9)
Short-term Issuer Credit Rating
 
NR
 
NR
 
NR
 
A-1 (1 of 8)
Midwestern United Life Insurance Company
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial Strength Rating
 
A (3 of 16)
 
NR
 
NR
 
A (3 of 9)
Voya Holdings Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term Issuer Credit Rating
 
NR
 
NR
 
Baa2 (4 of 9)
 
BBB (4 of 11)
Backed Senior Unsecured Debt Credit Rating(3)
 
NR
 
NR
 
Baa1 (4 of 9)
 
A- (3 of 9)
* "NR" indicates not rated.
(1) $363 million, $400 million, $500 million, $300 million and $400 million of our Senior Notes.
(2) $750 million and $350 million of our Junior Subordinated Notes.
(3) $416 million of our Aetna Notes guaranteed by ING Group.


 
146
 

Rating Agency
 
Financial Strength Rating Scale
 
Long-term Credit Rating Scale
 
Senior Unsecured Debt Credit Rating Scale
 
Short-term Credit Rating Scale
A.M. Best(1)
 
"A++" to "S"
 
"aaa" to "rs"
 
"aaa" to "d"
 
"AMB-1+" to "d"
Fitch(2)
 
"AAA" to "C"
 
"AAA" to "D"
 
"AAA" to "C"
 
"F1" to "D"
Moody’s(3)
 
"Aaa" to "C"
 
"Aaa" to "C"
 
"Aaa" to "C"
 
"Prime-1" to "Not Prime"
S&P(4)
 
"AAA" to "R"
 
"AAA" to "D"
 
"AAA" to "D"
 
"A-1" to "D"
(1) A.M. Best’s financial strength rating is an independent opinion of an insurer's financial strength and ability to meet its ongoing insurance policy and contract obligations. It is based on a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative evaluation of a company's balance sheet strength, operating performance and business profile. A.M. Best’s long-term credit ratings reflect its assessment of the ability of an obligor to pay interest and principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. Ratings from "aa" to "ccc" may be enhanced with a "+" (plus) or "-" (minus) to indicate whether credit quality is near the top or bottom of a category. A.M. Best’s short-term credit rating is an opinion to the ability of the rated entity to meet its senior financial commitments on obligations maturing in generally less than one year.
(2) Fitch’s financial strength ratings provide an assessment of the financial strength of an insurance organization. The National Insurer Financial Strength ("IFS") Rating is assigned to the insurance company's policyholder obligations, including assumed reinsurance obligations and contract holder obligations, such as guaranteed investment contracts. Within long-term and short-term ratings, a "+" or a "–" may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories.
(3) Moody’s financial strength ratings provide opinions of the ability of insurance companies to repay punctually senior policyholder claims and obligations. Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Moody’s long-term credit ratings provide opinions of the relative credit risk of fixed-income obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Moody’s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations.
(4) S&P’s insurer financial strength rating is a forward-looking opinion about the financial security characteristics of an insurance organization with respect to its ability to pay under its insurance policies and contracts in accordance with their terms. A "+" or "-" indicates relative strength within a category. An S&P credit rating is an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Short-term issuer credit ratings reflect the obligor's creditworthiness over a short-term time horizon.

Our ratings by A.M. Best, Fitch, Moody’s and S&P reflect a broader view of how the financial services industry is being challenged by the current economic environment, but also are based on the rating agencies’ specific views of our financial strength. In making their ratings decisions, the agencies consider past and expected future capital and earnings, asset quality and risk, profitability and risk of existing liabilities and current products, market share and product distribution capabilities and direct or implied support from parent companies, among other factors.

Rating agencies use an "outlook" statement for both industry sectors and individual companies. For an industry sector, a stable outlook generally implies that over the next 12 to 18 months the rating agency expects ratings to remain unchanged among companies in the sector. For a particular company, an outlook generally indicates a medium- or long-term trend in credit fundamentals, which if continued, may lead to a rating change.

Ratings actions affirmation and outlook changes by A.M. Best, Fitch, Moody's and S&P from December 31, 2017 through June 30, 2018 and subsequently through the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are as follows:

•
On June 4, 2018, A.M. Best removed the insurance financial strength ratings of Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company ("VRIAC"), SLD, ReliaStar Life Insurance Company ("RLI") and ReliaStar Life Insurance Company of New York ("RNY") from under review with developing implications and instead, affirmed the financial strength rating of these insurance subsidiaries with a stable outlook. At the same time, A.M. Best removed from under review with developing implications and affirmed the long-term issuer credit rating and debt credit ratings of Voya Financial, Inc.

•
Also on June 4, 2018, A.M. Best upgraded the financial strength rating of Voya's insurance subsidiary Midwestern United Life Insurance Company to A from A- and assigned a stable outlook.

Potential Impact of a Ratings Downgrade

Our ability to borrow funds and the terms under which we borrow are sensitive to our short- and long-term issuer credit ratings. A downgrade of either or both of these credit ratings could increase our cost of borrowing. Additionally, a downgrade of either or both of these credit ratings could decrease the total amount of new debt that we are able to issue in the future or increase the costs associated with an issuance.

With respect to our credit facility agreements, based on the amount of credit outstanding as of June 30, 2018, no increase in collateral requirements would result due to a ratings downgrade of the credit ratings of Voya Financial, Inc. by S&P or Moody's.


 
147
 

Certain of our derivative and reinsurance agreements contain provisions that are linked to the financial strength ratings of certain of our insurance subsidiaries. If financial strength ratings were downgraded in the future, these provisions might be triggered and counterparties to the agreements could demand collateralization which could negatively impact overall liquidity.

Based on the amount of credit outstanding as of June 30, 2018, a one-notch or two-notch downgrade in Voya Financial, Inc.’s credit ratings by S&P or Moody's would not have resulted in an additional increase in our collateral requirements.

Certain of our reinsurance agreements contain provisions that are linked to the financial strength ratings of the individual legal entity that entered into the reinsurance agreement. If the insurance subsidiaries' financial strength ratings were downgraded in the future, the terms in our reinsurance agreements might be triggered and counterparties to the credit facility agreements could demand collateralization which could negatively impact overall liquidity. Based on the amount of credit outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, a two-notch downgrade of our insurance subsidiaries would have resulted in an estimated increase in our collateral requirements by $20 million and $21 million, respectively. The nature of the collateral that we may be required to post is principally in the form of cash, highly rated securities or LOC.

Reinsurance

Pursuant to the terms of the MTA and prior to the closing of the Transaction disclosed in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, VIAC undertook certain restructuring transactions with several affiliates in order to transfer businesses and assets into and out of VIAC from and to our affiliates. Such transactions included, but were not limited to, the following reinsurance transactions:

•
VIAC recaptured the CBVA business previously assumed by our subsidiary, RRII.
•
we ceded, through our subsidiary RLI, under modified coinsurance agreements, fixed and fixed indexed annuity reserves of $451 million to Athene Annuity & Life Assurance Company (“AADE”) and Athene Life Re, Ltd. (“ALRe”). Under the terms of the agreements, AADE and ALRe contractually assumed from us the policyholder liabilities and obligations related to the policies, although we remain obligated to the policyholders. Upon the consummation of the agreements, we recognized no gain or loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
•
we assumed, through our subsidiary RLI, under coinsurance and modified coinsurance agreements, certain individual life and deferred annuity policies from VIAC. Upon the consummation of the agreements, we recognized no gain or loss in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of June 30, 2018, assumed reserves related to these agreements were $856 million.

Restrictions on Dividends and Returns of Capital from Subsidiaries

Our business is conducted through operating subsidiaries. U.S. insurance laws and regulations regulate the payment of dividends and other distributions by our U.S. insurance subsidiaries to their respective parents. These restrictions are based in part on the prior year's statutory income and surplus. In general, dividends up to specified levels are considered ordinary and may be paid without prior approval. Dividends in larger amounts, or "extraordinary" dividends, are subject to approval by the insurance commissioner of the state of domicile of the insurance subsidiary proposing to pay the dividend. In addition, under the insurance laws of our principal insurance subsidiaries domiciled in Connecticut, Iowa and Minnesota (these insurance subsidiaries, together with our insurance subsidiary domiciled in Colorado are referred to collectively, as our "principal insurance subsidiaries"), no dividend or other distribution exceeding an amount equal to an insurance company’s earned surplus may be paid without the domiciliary insurance regulator’s prior approval. Our principal insurance subsidiaries domiciled in Colorado, Connecticut and Iowa each have ordinary dividend capacity for 2018. However, as a result of the extraordinary dividends it paid in 2015 and 2016, together with statutory losses incurred in connection with the recapture and cession to one of our Arizona captives of certain term life business in the fourth quarter of 2016, our principal insurance subsidiary domiciled in Minnesota currently has negative earned surplus and therefore does not have capacity at this time to make ordinary dividend payments to Voya Holdings and cannot make an extraordinary dividend payment without domiciliary insurance regulatory approval which can be granted or withheld at the discretion of the regulator.

SLDI and RRII may not declare or pay dividends other than in accordance with their respective annual capital and dividend plans as approved by the Arizona Department of Insurance, which each include a minimum capital requirement.

We may receive dividends from or contribute capital to our wholly owned non-life insurance subsidiaries such as broker-dealers, investment management entities and intermediate holding companies.


 
148
 

Insurance Subsidiaries - Dividends, Returns of Capital, and Capital Contributions

The following table summarizes dividends by each of the Company's Principal Insurance Subsidiaries to its parent for the periods indicated:
 
Dividends Paid
 
Extraordinary Distributions Paid
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Subsidiary Name (State of domicile):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Voya Insurance and Annuity Company ("VIAC") (IA) (1)
$
—

 
$
278

 
$
—

 
$
—

Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company ("VRIAC") (CT)
126

 
261

 
—

 
—

Security Life of Denver Insurance Company (CO)
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

ReliaStar Life Insurance Company ("RLI") (MN)
—

 
—

 
—

 
231

(1) On June 1, 2018, VIAC was sold as part of the Transaction.

Voya Financial's principal insurance subsidiary domiciled in Colorado declared an ordinary dividend of $52 million in July 2018, which was paid on August 3, 2018.

Other Subsidiaries - Dividends, Returns of Capital, and Capital Contributions

On February 26, 2018, as a result of our unwind/recapture of the Langhorne reinsurance transaction, Langhorne paid a dividend of $210 million to Voya Holdings, which in turn paid a dividend in that same amount to Voya Financial.

On June 29, 2018, RRII paid a dividend of $270 million to SLDI, which in turn paid a dividend of $425 million to Voya Financial.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have obligations for the return of non-cash collateral under an amendment to our securities lending program. Non-cash collateral received in connection with the securities lending program may not be sold or re-pledged by our lending agent, except in the event of default, and is not reflected on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of June 30, 2018, the fair value of securities retained as collateral by the lending agent on our behalf was $151 million. As of December 31, 2017, the fair value of securities retained as collateral by the lending agent on our behalf was $308 million. For information regarding obligations under this program, see the Investments (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities) Note in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

For changes in commitments related to the acquisition of mortgage loans and the purchase of limited partnerships and private placement investments related to consolidated investment entities, see the Commitments and Contingencies Note in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Impact of New Accounting Pronouncements

For information regarding the impact of new accounting pronouncements, see the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


 
149
 

Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Critical estimates and assumptions are evaluated on an on-going basis based on historical developments, market conditions, industry trends and other information that is reasonable under the circumstances. There can be no assurance that actual results will conform to estimates and assumptions and that reported results of operations will not be materially affected by the need to make future accounting adjustments to reflect changes in these estimates and assumptions from time to time.

We have identified the following accounting judgments and estimates as critical in that they involve a higher degree of judgment and are subject to a significant degree of variability:

•
Estimated loss on sale of business;
•
Reserves for future policy benefits;
•
DAC, VOBA and other intangibles (collectively, "DAC/VOBA and other intangibles");
•
Valuation of investments and derivatives;
•
Impairments;
•
Income taxes;
•
Contingencies; and
•
Employee benefit plans.

In developing these accounting estimates, we make subjective and complex judgments that are inherently uncertain and subject to material changes as facts and circumstances develop. Although variability is inherent in these estimates, we believe the amounts provided are appropriate based on the facts available upon preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The above critical accounting estimates are described in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note and the Discontinued Operations Note in our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Estimated loss on sale of business

On June 1, 2018, we consummated the Transaction pursuant to the MTA with VA Capital and Athene. As part of the Transaction, Venerable, a wholly owned subsidiary of VA Capital, acquired two of our subsidiaries, VIAC and DSL. The Transaction resulted in the disposition of substantially all of our Closed Block Variable Annuity and Annuities businesses. We recorded an estimated loss on sale, net of tax as of June 30, 2018 of $1,918, which includes the loss of $460 of deferred tax assets. The estimated loss on sale represents the excess of the carrying value, immediately prior to the sale, of the businesses classified as discontinued operations over the purchase price, which approximates fair value, less cost to sell. The Buyers have the option to inquire or request changes to the closing Required Adjusted Book Value and/or Statutory capital of VIAC during a period of 180 days after the close of the Transaction. Based on our receipt and review of any inquiries, we may determine that additional updates to the closing Required Adjusted Book Value and/or Statutory capital in VIAC are required which may cause changes to the purchase price for VIAC. Consequently, this may impact the final loss on sale related to the Transaction which will result in changes to be recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Operations in future periods related to the loss on sale. See the Discontinued Operations Note for further information on the loss on sale related to this Transaction.

Assumptions and Periodic Review

Changes in assumptions can have a significant impact on DAC/VOBA and other intangibles balances, amortization rates, reserve levels and results of operations. Assumptions are management's best estimates of future outcome. We periodically review these assumptions against actual experience and, based on additional information that becomes available, update our assumptions. Deviation of emerging experience from our assumptions could have a significant effect on our DAC/VOBA and other intangibles, reserves and the related results of operations.

In 2017, we began soliciting customer consents to execute a change to reduce the guaranteed minimum interest rate ("GMIR initiative") applicable to future deposits and transfers into fixed investment options for certain retirement plan contracts with above-market GMIRs. This change reduces our interest rate exposure on new deposits, transfers and, in certain plans, existing fixed account assets and will favorably impact the DAC/VOBA amortization rate and Adjusted operating earnings over time. The GMIR initiative unlocking recorded in 2017 reflected management’s best estimate of consent acceptances expected during

 
150
 

2017 and subsequent years related to this initiative. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded unfavorable DAC/VOBA unlocking related to the GMIR initiative of $43 million and $128 million, respectively, which was included in Net amortization of DAC/VOBA in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
  
Sensitivity

We perform sensitivity analyses to assess the impact that certain assumptions have on DAC/VOBA and other intangibles, as well as certain reserves. As of June 30, 2018, there have been no material changes to the sensitivities disclosed in Critical Accounting Judgments and Estimates in Part II. Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Income Taxes

Changes in Law
 
Certain changes or future events, such as changes in tax legislation, geographic mix of earnings, completion of tax audits, planning opportunities and expectations about future outcomes could have an impact on our estimates of valuation allowances, deferred taxes, tax provisions and effective tax rates.

As discussed in the Overview section in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly report on Form 10-Q, Tax Reform makes broad changes to U.S. federal tax law. The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") to address situations where a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting under ASC Topic 740 for certain income tax effects of Tax Reform for the reporting period of enactment. SAB 118 allows us to provide a provisional estimate of the impacts of Tax Reform during a measurement period similar to the measurement period used when accounting for business combinations. Adjustments to provisional estimates and additional impacts from Tax Reform must be recorded as they are identified during the measurement period as provided for in SAB 118.

We relied on SAB 118 to determine the impact of Tax Reform on our net deferred tax asset position as of December 31, 2017. Deferred income tax represents the tax effect of the differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets represent the tax benefit of future deductible temporary differences, operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. We periodically evaluate and test our ability to realize our deferred tax assets. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In assessing the more likely than not criteria, we consider future taxable income as well as prudent tax planning strategies.

Pursuant to SAB 118, we estimated that Tax Reform resulted in a one-time reduction in our net deferred tax asset position of $679 million as of December 31, 2017. This reduction is substantially due to the remeasurement of our deferred tax assets and liabilities at 21%, the new federal corporate income tax rate at which the deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to reverse in the future. This estimate includes the effect of a reduction in our deferred tax liability associated with accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI"). The FASB issued guidance in February 2018 that allows reclassification of the reduction in the deferred tax liability associated with AOCI from retained earnings to AOCI. The Company continues to evaluate this new guidance, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted.

We continue to analyze the effects of Tax Reform and will record adjustments and additional impacts as they are identified during the measurement period. For the six months ended June 30, 2018, we have recorded certain adjustments to our provisional estimate. The final impact to our deferred taxes could differ materially from our provisional estimates as a result of future clarifications or guidance related to Tax Reform.

We use the estimated annual effective tax rate method in computing our interim tax provision. Certain items, including changes in the realizability of deferred tax assets and changes in liabilities for uncertain tax positions, are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate and the actual tax expense or benefit is reported in the period the related item is incurred.

Our effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was 18.7%. The effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate of 21% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily due to the effect of the dividends received deduction ("DRD") and noncontrolling interest, partially offset by nondeductible executive compensation and alternative minimum tax ("AMT") sequestration.


 
151
 

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was 0.0%. The effective tax rate differed from the statutory rate of 35% for the three months ended June 30, 2017 primarily due to the effect of the DRD, noncontrolling interest, and the valuation allowance.

The Company's effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was 35%, which is equal to the statutory rate during that period.

Investments (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities)

Investments for our general account are managed by our wholly owned asset manager, Voya Investment Management LLC, pursuant to investment advisory agreements with affiliates. In addition, our internal treasury group manages our holding company liquidity investments, primarily money market funds.

See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for information on our investment strategy.

See the Investments (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities) Note to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information on investments.

Portfolio Composition

The following table presents the investment portfolio as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
($ in millions)
Carrying
Value
 
% of Total
 
Carrying
Value
 
% of Total
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, excluding securities pledged
$
46,104

 
72.3
%
 
$
48,329

 
73.1
%
Fixed maturities, at fair value using the fair value option
2,983

 
4.7
%
 
3,018

 
4.6
%
Equity securities, available-for-sale
385

 
0.6
%
 
380

 
0.6
%
Short-term investments(1)
102

 
0.2
%
 
471

 
0.7
%
Mortgage loans on real estate
8,904

 
13.8
%
 
8,686

 
13.0
%
Policy loans
1,849

 
2.9
%
 
1,888

 
2.9
%
Limited partnerships/corporations
1,070

 
1.7
%
 
784

 
1.2
%
Derivatives
376

 
0.6
%
 
397

 
0.6
%
Other investments
90

 
0.1
%
 
47

 
0.1
%
Securities pledged
1,994

 
3.1
%
 
2,087

 
3.2
%
Total investments
$
63,857

 
100.0
%
 
$
66,087

 
100.0
%
(1) Short-term investments include investments with remaining maturities of one year or less, but greater than 3 months, at the time of purchase.


 
152
 

Fixed Maturities

The following tables present total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, by market sector as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018
($ in millions)
Amortized Cost
 
% of Total
 
Fair Value
 
% of Total
Fixed maturities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasuries
$
1,815

 
3.7
%
 
$
2,176

 
4.3
%
U.S. Government agencies and authorities
204

 
0.4
%
 
243

 
0.5
%
State, municipalities and political subdivisions
1,648

 
3.3
%
 
1,659

 
3.2
%
U.S. corporate public securities
19,541

 
39.7
%
 
20,577

 
40.2
%
U.S. corporate private securities
6,224

 
12.6
%
 
6,261

 
12.3
%
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
5,259

 
10.7
%
 
5,400

 
10.6
%
Foreign corporate private securities(1)
5,247

 
10.7
%
 
5,252

 
10.3
%
Residential mortgage-backed securities
4,496

 
9.1
%
 
4,692

 
9.2
%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
2,954

 
6.0
%
 
2,932

 
5.7
%
Other asset-backed securities
1,863

 
3.8
%
 
1,889

 
3.7
%
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged
$
49,251

 
100.0
%
 
$
51,081

 
100.0
%
(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

 
December 31, 2017
($ in millions)
Amortized Cost
 
% of Total
 
Fair Value
 
% of Total
Fixed maturities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasuries
$
2,047

 
4.2
%
 
$
2,522

 
4.7
%
U.S. Government agencies and authorities
223

 
0.5
%
 
275

 
0.5
%
State, municipalities and political subdivisions
1,856

 
3.8
%
 
1,913

 
3.6
%
U.S. corporate public securities
20,857

 
42.3
%
 
23,258

 
43.4
%
U.S. corporate private securities
5,628

 
11.4
%
 
5,833

 
10.9
%
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
5,241

 
10.7
%
 
5,716

 
10.7
%
Foreign corporate private securities(1)
4,974

 
10.1
%
 
5,161

 
9.7
%
Residential mortgage-backed securities
4,247

 
8.6
%
 
4,524

 
8.5
%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
2,646

 
5.4
%
 
2,704

 
5.1
%
Other asset-backed securities
1,488

 
3.0
%
 
1,528

 
2.9
%
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged
$
49,207

 
100.0
%
 
$
53,434

 
100.0
%
(1)Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

As of June 30, 2018, the average duration of our fixed maturities portfolio, including securities pledged, is between 8.0 and 8.5 years.

Fixed Maturities Credit Quality - Ratings

For information regarding our fixed maturities credit quality ratings, see the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 7. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.


 
153
 

The following tables present credit quality of fixed maturities, including securities pledged, using NAIC designations as of the dates indicated:
($ in millions)
June 30, 2018
NAIC Quality Designation
1
 
2
 
3
 
4
 
5
 
6
 
Total Fair Value
U.S. Treasuries
$
2,176

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,176

U.S. Government agencies and authorities
243

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
243

State, municipalities and political subdivisions
1,524

 
133

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2

 
1,659

U.S. corporate public securities
10,310

 
9,160

 
798

 
305

 
4

 
—

 
20,577

U.S. corporate private securities
2,559

 
3,363

 
175

 
142

 
18

 
4

 
6,261

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
2,378

 
2,631

 
335

 
42

 
14

 
—

 
5,400

Foreign corporate private securities(1)
662

 
4,068

 
399

 
79

 
43

 
1

 
5,252

Residential mortgage-backed securities
4,437

 
154

 
35

 
6

 
9

 
51

 
4,692

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
2,887

 
24

 
21

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,932

Other asset-backed securities
1,641

 
142

 
40

 
10

 
35

 
21

 
1,889

Total fixed maturities
$
28,817

 
$
19,675

 
$
1,803

 
$
584

 
$
123

 
$
79

 
$
51,081

% of Fair Value
56.5
%
 
38.5
%
 
3.5
%
 
1.1
%
 
0.2
%
 
0.2
%
 
100.0
%
(1) Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

 
154
 

($ in millions)
December 31, 2017
NAIC Quality Designation
1
 
2
 
3
 
4
 
5
 
6
 
Total Fair Value
U.S. Treasuries
$
2,522

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,522

U.S. Government agencies and authorities
275

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
275

State, municipalities and political subdivisions
1,764

 
146

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
2

 
1,913

U.S. corporate public securities
12,241

 
9,923

 
793

 
297

 
4

 
—

 
23,258

U.S. corporate private securities
2,531

 
3,027

 
145

 
130

 
—

 
—

 
5,833

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
2,391

 
2,819

 
445

 
48

 
13

 
—

 
5,716

Foreign corporate private securities(1)
831

 
3,822

 
474

 
27

 
3

 
4

 
5,161

Residential mortgage-backed securities
4,385

 
33

 
13

 
7

 
13

 
73

 
4,524

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
2,676

 
28

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,704

Other asset-backed securities
1,326

 
149

 
18

 
3

 
—

 
32

 
1,528

Total fixed maturities
$
30,942

 
$
19,947

 
$
1,889

 
$
512

 
$
33

 
$
111

 
$
53,434

% of Fair Value
57.9
%
 
37.3
%
 
3.5
%
 
1.0
%
 
0.1
%
 
0.2
%
 
100.0
%
(1)Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.


 
155
 

The following tables present credit quality of fixed maturities, including securities pledged, using NAIC acceptable rating organizations ("ARO") ratings as of the dates indicated:
($ in millions)
June 30, 2018
ARO Quality Ratings
AAA
 
AA
 
A
 
BBB
 
BB and Below
 
Total Fair Value
U.S. Treasuries
$
2,176

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,176

U.S. Government agencies and authorities
234

 
9

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
243

State, municipalities and political subdivisions
116

 
913

 
495

 
133

 
2

 
1,659

U.S. corporate public securities
247

 
1,184

 
8,880

 
9,161

 
1,105

 
20,577

U.S. corporate private securities
171

 
273

 
2,148

 
3,335

 
334

 
6,261

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
50

 
496

 
1,838

 
2,625

 
391

 
5,400

Foreign corporate private securities(1)
—

 
—

 
708

 
4,289

 
255

 
5,252

Residential mortgage-backed securities
3,252

 
29

 
75

 
162

 
1,174

 
4,692

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
1,774

 
399

 
339

 
316

 
104

 
2,932

Other asset-backed securities
865

 
207

 
404

 
170

 
243

 
1,889

Total fixed maturities
$
8,885

 
$
3,510

 
$
14,887

 
$
20,191

 
$
3,608

 
$
51,081

% of Fair Value
17.4
%
 
6.9
%
 
29.2
%
 
39.4
%
 
7.1
%
 
100.0
%
(1)Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.


 
156
 

($ in millions)
December 31, 2017
ARO Quality Ratings
AAA
 
AA
 
A
 
BBB
 
BB and Below
 
Total Fair Value
U.S. Treasuries
$
2,522

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
2,522

U.S. Government agencies and authorities
266

 
9

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
275

State, municipalities and political subdivisions
169

 
1,095

 
500

 
146

 
3

 
1,913

U.S. corporate public securities
307

 
1,378

 
10,556

 
9,924

 
1,093

 
23,258

U.S. corporate private securities
189

 
273

 
2,206

 
2,843

 
322

 
5,833

Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments(1)
77

 
476

 
1,838

 
2,819

 
506

 
5,716

Foreign corporate private securities(1)
—

 
—

 
826

 
4,107

 
228

 
5,161

Residential mortgage-backed securities
3,240

 
20

 
76

 
40

 
1,148

 
4,524

Commercial mortgage-backed securities
2,069

 
217

 
217

 
140

 
61

 
2,704

Other asset-backed securities
863

 
143

 
110

 
185

 
227

 
1,528

Total fixed maturities
$
9,702

 
$
3,611

 
$
16,329

 
$
20,204

 
$
3,588

 
$
53,434

% of Fair Value
18.2
%
 
6.8
%
 
30.6
%
 
37.7
%
 
6.7
%
 
100.0
%
(1)Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

Fixed maturities rated BB and below may have speculative characteristics and changes in economic conditions or other circumstances that are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the issuer to make principal and interest payments than is the case with higher rated fixed maturities.

Unrealized Capital Losses

Gross unrealized capital losses on fixed maturities, including securities pledged, increased $524 million from $243 million to $767 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in gross unrealized capital losses was primarily due to rising interest rates.

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we held three and four fixed maturities, respectively, with unrealized capital losses in excess of $10 million. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the unrealized capital losses on these fixed maturities equaled $41 million or 5.4% and $56 million or 23.0% of the total unrealized losses, respectively.

As of June 30, 2018, we held $4.2 billion of energy sector fixed maturity securities, constituting 8.3% of the total fixed maturities portfolio, with gross unrealized capital losses of $83 million, including one energy sector fixed maturity security with unrealized capital losses in excess of $10 million. The unrealized capital losses on this fixed maturity security equaled $18 million. As of June 30, 2018, our fixed maturity exposure to the energy sector is comprised of 87.3% investment grade securities.

As of December 31, 2017, we held $4.7 billion of energy sector fixed maturity securities, constituting 8.8% of the total fixed maturities portfolio, with gross unrealized capital losses of $45 million including one energy sector fixed maturity security with unrealized capital losses in excess of $10 million. The unrealized capital losses on this fixed maturity security equaled $15 million. As of December 31, 2017, our fixed maturity exposure to the energy sector is comprised of 87.4% investment grade securities.


 
157
 

The following table presents the U.S. and foreign corporate securities within our energy holdings by sector as of the dates indicated:
($ in millions)
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Sector Type
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
% Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
% Fair Value
Midstream
 
$
1,530

 
$
1,617

 
38.1
%
 
$
1,517

 
$
1,698

 
36.2
%
Integrated Energy
 
872

 
910

 
21.4
%
 
1,027

 
1,114

 
23.8
%
Independent Energy
 
893

 
938

 
22.1
%
 
912

 
1,002

 
21.4
%
Oil Field Services
 
487

 
467

 
11.0
%
 
527

 
528

 
11.3
%
Refining
 
279

 
312

 
7.4
%
 
285

 
340

 
7.3
%
Total
 
$
4,061

 
$
4,244

 
100.0
%
 
$
4,268

 
$
4,682

 
100.0
%

See the Other-Than-Temporary Impairments section below for further information on energy sector investments. See the Investments (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities) Note in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on unrealized capital losses.

CMO-B Portfolio

The following table presents fixed maturities balances held in the CMO-B portfolio by NAIC quality rating as of the dates indicated:
($ in millions)
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
NAIC Quality Designation
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
% Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
% Fair Value
1
 
$
2,812

 
$
2,969

 
92.8
%
 
$
2,624

 
$
2,851

 
96.0
%
2
 
143

 
143

 
4.5
%
 
20

 
20

 
0.7
%
3
 
15

 
32

 
1.0
%
 
10

 
11

 
0.4
%
4
 
—

 
—

 
—
%
 
—

 
—

 
—
%
5
 
5

 
9

 
0.3
%
 
7

 
13

 
0.4
%
6
 
30

 
46

 
1.4
%
 
50

 
74

 
2.5
%
Total
 
$
3,005

 
$
3,199

 
100.0
%
 
$
2,711

 
$
2,969

 
100.0
%

For CMO securities where we elected the FVO, amortized cost represents the market values. For details on the NAIC designation methodology, see "Fixed Maturities Credit Quality-Ratings" in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following table presents the notional amounts and fair values of interest rate derivatives used in our CMO-B portfolio as of the dates indicated:
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
($ in millions)
Notional
Amount  
 
Asset
Fair
Value  
 
Liability
Fair
Value  
 
Notional
Amount  
 
Asset
Fair
Value
 
Liability
Fair
Value  
Derivatives non-qualifying for hedge accounting:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Contracts
$
15,876

 
$
62

 
$
34

 
$
15,630

 
$
67

 
$
36


The Company utilizes interest rate futures and interest rate swaps as a part of the CMO-B portfolio to hedge interest rate risk.


 
158
 

The following table presents our CMO-B fixed maturity securities balances and tranche type as of the dates indicated:
($ in millions)
 
June 30, 2018
 
December 31, 2017
Tranche Type
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
% Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
% Fair Value
Inverse Floater
 
$
444

 
$
528

 
16.5
%
 
$
439

 
$
563

 
19.0
%
Interest Only (IO)
 
184

 
204

 
6.4
%
 
185

 
191

 
6.4
%
Inverse IO
 
1,283

 
1,331

 
41.6
%
 
1,176

 
1,255

 
42.2
%
Principal Only (PO)
 
266

 
268

 
8.4
%
 
270

 
275

 
9.3
%
Floater
 
17

 
17

 
0.5
%
 
13

 
12

 
0.4
%
Agency Credit Risk Transfer
 
809

 
848

 
26.5
%
 
626

 
670

 
22.6
%
Other
 
2

 
3

 
0.1
%
 
2

 
3

 
0.1
%
Total
 
$
3,005

 
$
3,199

 
100.0
%
 
$
2,711

 
$
2,969

 
100.0
%

Generally, a continued increase in valuations, as well as muted prepayments despite low interest rates, led to strong performance for our CMO-B portfolio in recent years. Based on fundamental prepayment analysis, we have been able to increase the allocation to notional securities in a manner that was diversified by borrower and mortgage characteristics without unduly increasing portfolio risk because the underlying drivers of prepayment behavior across collateral type are varied.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the market value of our CMO-B portfolio increased mainly due to new purchase activity exceeding paydowns and maturities. Yields within the CMO-B portfolio continue to decline as higher yielding historical CMO-B assets paydown or mature and are replaced with lower yielding new assets.
 
The following table presents returns for our CMO-B portfolio for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Net investment income (loss)
$
118

 
$
128

 
$
232

 
$
257

Net realized capital gains (losses)(1)
(92
)
 
(82
)
 
(186
)
 
(172
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
$
26

 
$
46

 
$
46

 
$
85

(1)Net realized capital gains (losses) also include derivatives interest settlements, mark to market adjustments and realized gains (losses) on standalone derivatives contracts that are in the CMO-B portfolio.

In defining the Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes for our CMO-B portfolio, certain recharacterizations are recognized. The net coupon settlement on interest rate swaps hedging CMO-B securities that is included in Net realized capital gains (losses) is reflected as Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes in the table below. In addition, the premium amortization and change in fair value for securities designated under the FVO are included in Net realized capital gains (losses), whereas the coupon for these securities is included in Net investment income. In order to present the economics of these fair value securities in a similar manner to those of an available for sale security, the premium amortization is reclassified from Net realized capital gains (losses) to Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes.


 
159
 

After adjusting for the two items referenced immediately above, the following table presents a reconciliation of Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes from our CMO-B portfolio to Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes from our CMO-B portfolio for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended June 30,
 
Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
$
26

 
$
46

 
$
46

 
$
85

Realized gains/(losses) including OTTI
(3
)
 
—

 
(5
)
 
—

Fair value adjustments
38

 
16

 
76

 
33

Total adjustments to income (loss) from continuing operations
35

 
16

 
71

 
33

Adjusted operating earnings before income taxes
$
61

 
$
62

 
$
117

 
$
118


See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for information on our CMO-B portfolio.

Subprime and Alt-A Mortgage Exposure

Pre-2008 vintage subprime and Alt-A mortgage collateral continues to reflect a housing market entrenched in recovery. While collateral losses continue to be realized, the pace and magnitude at which losses are being realized are steadily decreasing.  Serious delinquencies and other measures of performance, like prepayments and loan defaults, have also displayed sustained periods of improvement. Reflecting these fundamental improvements, related bond prices and sector liquidity have increased substantially since the credit crisis. More broadly, home prices have moved steadily higher, further supporting bond payment performance. Year-over-year home price measures, while at a lower magnitude than experienced in the years following the trough in home prices, have stabilized at sustainable levels, when measured on a nationwide basis. Despite the rise in mortgage rates experienced during the first quarter, this backdrop remains supportive of continued improvement in overall borrower payment behavior. In managing our risk exposure to subprime and Alt-A mortgages, we take into account collateral performance and structural characteristics associated with our various positions.
While we actively invest in and continue to manage a portfolio of such exposures in the form of securitized investments, we do not originate or purchase subprime or Alt-A whole-loan mortgages. Subprime lending is the origination of loans to customers with weaker credit profiles. We define Alt-A mortgages to include the following: residential mortgage loans to customers who have strong credit profiles but lack some element(s), such as documentation to substantiate income; residential mortgage loans to borrowers that would otherwise be classified as prime but for which loan structure provides repayment options to the borrower that increase the risk of default; and any securities backed by residential mortgage collateral not clearly identifiable as prime or subprime.
We have exposure to RMBS, CMBS and ABS. Our exposure to subprime mortgage-backed securities is primarily in the form of ABS structures collateralized by subprime residential mortgages and the majority of these holdings were included in Other ABS under "Fixed Maturities" above. As of June 30, 2018, the fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized losses related to our exposure to subprime mortgage-backed securities totaled $189 million, $161 million and $1 million, respectively, representing 0.4% of total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, based on fair value. As of December 31, 2017, the fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized losses related to our exposure to subprime mortgage-backed securities totaled $212 million, $181 million and $1 million, respectively, representing 0.4% of total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, based on fair value.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Our exposure to Alt-A mortgages is included in the "RMBS" line item in the "Fixed Maturities" table under "Fixed Maturities" above. As of June 30, 2018, the fair value and amortized cost related to our exposure to Alt-A RMBS totaled $211 million and $182 million, respectively, representing 0.4% of total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, based on fair value. Gross unrealized losses related to our exposure to Alt-A RMBS were immaterial. As of December 31, 2017, the fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized losses related to our exposure to Alt-A RMBS totaled $219 million, $189 million and $1 million, respectively, representing 0.4% of total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, based on fair value.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Mortgage-backed and Other Asset-backed Securities

CMBS investments represent pools of commercial mortgages that are broadly diversified across property types and geographical areas. Delinquency rates on commercial mortgages increased over the course of 2009 through mid-2012. The steep pace of increases

 
160
 

observed in this time frame relented, and the percentage of delinquent loans has generally declined since, with any increases relatively short-lived. Other performance metrics like vacancies, property values and rent levels have posted sustained improvement trends, although these metrics are not observed uniformly, differing by dimensions such as geographic location and property type. These improvements have been buoyed by some of the same macro-economic tailwinds alluded to in regards to our subprime and Alt-A mortgage exposure. A robust environment for property refinancing was particularly supportive of improving credit performance metrics throughout much of the post-credit crisis period. Spread performance has been generally reflective of the positive overall environment for commercial real estate, although not immune to periods of volatility.  The first half of 2018 for CMBS can be best characterized by issuance stability and liquid market conditions, while the mix of types of issues (agency versus private label and, within private label, SASB versus conduit) has continued to evolve.

For most forms of consumer ABS, delinquency and loss rates have been maintained at levels considered low by historical standards and indicative of high credit quality.  Two exceptions exist in the form of auto loans to subprime borrowers and particular cohorts (loans originated in 2008-2010) of student loan borrowers.  Payment performance in these particular ABS sub-sectors has been volatile and weak relative to most other forms of ABS, where relative strength in various credit metrics across multiple types of asset-backed loans have been observed on a sustained basis.  In managing our risk exposure to other ABS, we take into account collateral performance and structural characteristics associated with our various positions.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of June 30, 2018, the fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized losses related to our exposure to Other ABS, excluding subprime exposure, totaled $1,728 million, $1,731 million and $9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized losses related to our exposure to Other ABS, excluding subprime exposure, totaled $1,345 million, $1,337 million and $3 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2018, Other ABS was broadly diversified both by type and issuer with credit card receivables, nonconsolidated collateralized loan obligations and automobile receivables, comprising 1.1%, 72.4% and 1.7%, respectively, of total Other ABS, excluding subprime exposure. As of December 31, 2017, Other ABS was broadly diversified both by type and issuer with credit card receivables, nonconsolidated collateralized loan obligations and automobile receivables, comprising 5.5%, 55.7% and 14.6%, respectively, of total Other ABS, excluding subprime exposure.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

We rate commercial mortgages to quantify the level of risk. We place those loans with higher risk on a watch list and closely monitor these loans for collateral deficiency or other credit events that may lead to a potential loss of principal and/or interest. If we determine the value of any mortgage loan to be OTTI (i.e., when it is probable that we will be unable to collect on amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement), the carrying value of the mortgage loan is reduced to either the present value of expected cash flows from the loan, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or fair value of the collateral. For those mortgages that are determined to require foreclosure, the carrying value is reduced to the fair value of the underlying collateral, net of estimated costs to obtain and sell at the point of foreclosure. The carrying value of the impaired loans is reduced by establishing an other-than-temporary write-down recorded in Net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Loan-to-value ("LTV") and debt service coverage ("DSC") ratios are measures commonly used to assess the risk and quality of commercial mortgage loans. The LTV ratio, calculated at time of origination, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of the loan relative to the value of the underlying property. An LTV ratio in excess of 100% indicates the unpaid loan amount exceeds the value of the underlying collateral. The DSC ratio, based upon the most recently received financial statements, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of a property's Net income (loss) to its debt service payments. A DSC ratio of less than 1.0 indicates that property's operations do not generate sufficient income to cover debt payments. These ratios are utilized as part of the review process described above.

As of June 30, 2018, our mortgage loans on real estate portfolio had a weighted average DSC of 3.2 times and a weighted average LTV ratio of 61.0%. As of December 31, 2017, our mortgage loans on real estate portfolio had a weighted average DSC of 2.2 times, and a weighted average LTV ratio of 60.9%. See the Investments (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities) Note to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on mortgage loans on real estate.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
161
 

Other-Than-Temporary Impairments

We evaluate available-for-sale fixed maturities and equity securities for impairment on a regular basis. The assessment of whether impairments have occurred is based on a case-by-case evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in estimated fair value. See the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the policy used to evaluate whether the investments are other-than-temporarily impaired.

See the Investments (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities) Note to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on OTTI.

Derivatives
 
We use derivatives for a variety of hedging purposes as further described below. We also have embedded derivatives within fixed maturities instruments and certain product features. See the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

Closed Block Variable Annuity Hedging

See Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in Part I, Item 3. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.

Invested Asset and Credit Hedging

See Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.

European Exposures

We quantify and allocate our exposure to the region by attempting to identify aspects of the region or country risk to which we are exposed. Among the factors we consider are the nationality of the issuer, the nationality of the issuer's ultimate parent, the corporate and economic relationship between the issuer and its parent, as well as the political, legal and economic environment in which each functions. By undertaking this assessment, we believe that we develop a more accurate assessment of the actual geographic risk, with a more integrated understanding of contributing factors to the full risk profile of the issuer.

In the normal course of our ongoing risk and portfolio management process, we closely monitor compliance with a credit limit hierarchy designed to minimize overly concentrated risk exposures by geography, sector and issuer. This framework takes into account various factors such as internal and external ratings, capital efficiency and liquidity and is overseen by a combination of Investment and Corporate Risk Management, as well as insurance portfolio managers focused specifically on managing the investment risk embedded in our portfolio.

While financial conditions in Europe have broadly improved, the possibility of capital market volatility spreading through a highly integrated and interdependent banking system remains. Despite signs of continuous improvement in the region, we continue to closely monitor our exposure to the region.

As of June 30, 2018, the Company's total European exposure had an amortized cost and fair value of $5,128 million and $5,386 million, respectively. European exposure with a primary focus on Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain (which we refer to as "peripheral Europe") amounts to $498 million, which includes non-financial institutions exposure in Ireland of $157 million, in Italy of $162 million, in Portugal of $10 million and in Spain of $126 million. We also had financial institutions exposure in Italy of $9 million and in Spain of $34 million. We did not have any exposure to Greece.

Among the remaining $4,888 million of total non-peripheral European exposure, we had a portfolio of credit-related assets similarly diversified by country and sector across developed and developing Europe. As of June 30, 2018, our non-peripheral sovereign exposure was $198 million, which consisted of fixed maturities and derivative assets. We also had $666 million in net exposure to non-peripheral financial institutions, with a concentration in Switzerland of $155 million and the United Kingdom of $333 million. The balance of $4,024 million was invested across non-peripheral, non-financial institutions.


 
162
 

Some of the major country level exposures were in the United Kingdom of $2,354 million, in The Netherlands of $546 million, in Belgium of $337 million, in France of $274 million, in Germany of $377 million, in Switzerland of $462 million, and in Russia of $117 million. We believe the primary risk results from market value fluctuations resulting from spread volatility and the secondary risk is default risk, dependent upon the strength of continued recovery of economic conditions in Europe.

Consolidated Investment Entities

We provide investment management services to, and have transactions with, various collateralized loan obligations ("CLO entities"), private equity funds, hedge funds, registered investment companies, insurance entities, securitizations and other investment entities in the normal course of business. In certain instances, we serve as the investment manager, making day-to-day investment decisions concerning the assets of these entities. These entities are considered to be either variable interest entities ("VIEs") or voting interest entities ("VOEs"), and we evaluate our involvement with each entity to determine whether consolidation is required.

Certain investment entities are consolidated under consolidation guidance. We consolidate certain entities under the VIE guidance when it is determined that we are the primary beneficiary. We consolidate certain entities under the VOE guidance when we act as the controlling general partner and the limited partners have no substantive rights to impact ongoing governance and operating activities of the entity, or when we otherwise have control through voting rights. In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, "Consolidation (ASC Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis" ("ASU 2015-02"), which significantly amends the consolidation analysis required under current consolidation guidance. We adopted the provisions of ASU 2015-02 on January 1, 2016 using the modified retrospective approach. See Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the impact of the adoption

We have no right to the benefits from, nor do we bear the risks associated with these investments beyond our direct debt or equity investments in and management fees generated from these entities. Such direct investments amounted to approximately $384 million and $442 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. If we were to liquidate, the assets held by consolidated investment entities would not be available to our general creditors as a result of the liquidation.

Fair Value Measurement

Upon consolidation of CLO entities, we elected to apply the FVO for financial assets and financial liabilities held by these entities and have continued to measure these assets (primarily corporate loans) and liabilities (debt obligations issued by CLO entities) at fair value in subsequent periods. We have elected the FVO to more closely align the accounting with the economics of the transactions and allow us to more effectively reflect changes in the fair value of CLO assets with a commensurate change in the fair value of CLO liabilities.
    
Investments held by consolidated private equity funds and hedge funds are reported in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Changes in the fair value of consolidated investment entities are recorded as a separate line item within Income (loss) related to consolidated investment entities in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

The methodology for measuring the fair value and fair value hierarchy classification of financial assets and liabilities of consolidated investment entities is consistent with the methodology and fair value hierarchy rules that we apply to our investment portfolio. See Fair Value Measurement in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Nonconsolidated VIEs

We also hold variable interest in certain CLO entities that we do not consolidate because we have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary. With these CLO entities, we serve as the investment manager and receive investment management fees and contingent performance fees. Generally, we do not hold any interest in the nonconsolidated CLO entities, but if we do, such ownership has been deemed to be insignificant. We have not provided and are not obligated to provide any financial or other support to these entities.

We manage or hold investments in certain private equity funds and hedge funds. With these entities, we serve as the investment manager and are entitled to receive investment management fees and contingent performance fees that are generally expected to be insignificant. Although we have the power to direct the activities that significantly impact the economic performance of the funds, we do not hold a significant variable interest in any of these funds and, as such, do not have the obligation to absorb losses

 
163
 

or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. Accordingly, we are not considered the primary beneficiary and did not consolidate any of these investment funds.

In addition, we do not consolidate funds in which our involvement takes the form of a limited partner interest and is restricted to a role of a passive investor, as a limited partner's interest does not provide us with any substantive kick-out or participating rights, which would overcome the presumption of control by the general partner. See the Consolidated Investment Entities Note to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information.

Securitizations

We invest in various tranches of securitization entities, including RMBS, CMBS and ABS. Through our investments, we are not obligated to provide any financial or other support to these entities. Each of the RMBS, CMBS and ABS entities are thinly capitalized by design and considered VIEs. Our involvement with these entities is limited to that of a passive investor. We have no unilateral right to appoint or remove the servicer, special servicer or investment manager, which are generally viewed to have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the securitization entities' economic performance, in any of these entities, nor do we function in any of these roles. We, through our investments or other arrangements, do not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. Therefore, we are not the primary beneficiary and do not consolidate any of the RMBS, CMBS and ABS entities in which we hold investments. These investments are accounted for as investments available-for-sale as described in the Fair Value Measurements (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities) Note to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and unrealized capital gains (losses) on these securities are recorded directly in AOCI, except for certain RMBS which are accounted for under the FVO whose change in fair value is reflected in Other net realized gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Our maximum exposure to loss on these structured investments is limited to the amount of our investment. Refer to the Investments (excluding Consolidated Investment Entities) Note to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for details regarding the carrying amounts and classifications of these assets.

Legislative and Regulatory Developments

As a result of Tax Reform, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") determined that it needed to update the factors affecting risk-based capital ("RBC") requirements, including ours, to reflect the lowering of the top corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. Adjusting these factors in light of Tax Reform will result in an increase in the amount of capital we are required to maintain to satisfy our RBC requirements. On June 28, 2018, the NAIC adopted the required changes, which will become effective on December 31, 2018. We currently expect to be in compliance with these new requirements as of the December 31, 2018 effective date.

Item 3.        Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the risk that our consolidated financial position and results of operations will be affected by fluctuations in the value of financial instruments. We have significant holdings in financial instruments and are naturally exposed to a variety of market risks. The main market risks we are exposed to include interest rate risk, equity market price risk and credit risk. We do not have material market risk exposure to "trading" activities in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. For further details on the Company’s interest rate risk, equity market price risk and credit risk, see Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in Part II, Item 7A. in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.


 
164
 

Market Risk Related to Interest Rates

We assess interest rate exposures for financial assets, liabilities and derivatives using hypothetical test scenarios that assume either increasing or decreasing 100 basis point parallel shifts in the yield curve. The following table summarizes the net estimated potential change in fair value within our continuing operations from hypothetical 100 basis point upward and downward shifts in interest rates as of June 30, 2018. In calculating these amounts, we exclude gains and losses on separate account fixed income securities related to products for which the investment risk is borne primarily by the separate account contract holder rather than by us. While the test scenarios are for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect our expectations regarding future interest rates or the performance of fixed-income markets, they are a near-term, reasonably possible hypothetical change that illustrates the potential impact of such events. These tests do not measure the change in value that could result from non-parallel shifts in the yield curve. As a result, the actual change in fair value from a 100 basis point change in interest rates could be different from that indicated by these calculations.
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
Hypothetical Change in
Fair Value(2)
 
($ in millions)
Notional
 
Fair Value(1)
 
+ 100 Basis Points Yield Curve Shift
 
- 100 Basis Points Yield Curve Shift
 
Financial assets with interest rate risk:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities, including securities pledged
$
—

 
$
51,081

 
$
(4,005
)
 
$
4,451

 
Commercial mortgage and other loans
—

 
8,952

 
(486
)
 
535

 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
25,677

 
135

 
156

 
(186
)
 
Financial liabilities with interest rate risk:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Funding agreements without fixed maturities and deferred annuities(3)
—

 
36,255

 
(2,407
)
 
3,020

 
Funding agreements with fixed maturities
—

 
1,187

 
(43
)
 
46

 
Supplementary contracts and immediate annuities
—

 
1,201

 
(45
)
 
51

 
Long-term debt
—

 
3,561

 
(247
)
 
281

 
Embedded derivatives on reinsurance
—

 
38

 
115

 
(135
)
 
Guaranteed benefit derivatives(3):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FIA
—

 
34

 
—

*
—

*
IUL
—

 
142

 
9

 
(9
)
 
GMWBL/GMWB/GMAB
—

 
6

 
(6
)
 
9

 
Stabilizer and MCGs
—

 
63

 
(47
)
 
85

 
* Amount is immaterial.
(1) 
Separate account assets and liabilities, which are interest sensitive, are not included herein as any interest rate risk is borne by the holder of the separate account.
(2) 
(Decreases) in assets or (decreases) in liabilities are presented in parentheses. Increases in assets or increases in liabilities are presented without parentheses.
(3) Certain amounts included in Funding agreements without fixed maturities and deferred annuities are also reflected within the Guaranteed benefit derivatives section of the table above.


 
165
 

The following table summarizes detail on the differences between the interest rate being credited to contract holders as of June 30, 2018, and the respective guaranteed minimum interest rates ("GMIRs"):
 
 
Account Value (1)
 
 
Excess of crediting rate over GMIR
($ in millions)
 
At GMIR
 
Up to 0.50% Above GMIR
 
0.51% - 1.00%
Above GMIR
 
1.01% - 1.50% Above GMIR
 
1.51% - 2.00% Above GMIR
 
More than 2.00% Above GMIR
 
Total
Guaranteed minimum interest rate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Up to 1.00%
 
$
3,015

 
$
1,424

 
$
1,517

 
$
813

 
$
1,026

 
$
436

 
$
8,231

1.01% - 2.00%
 
1,048

 
103

 
59

 
5

 
9

 
71

 
1,295

2.01% - 3.00%
 
15,169

 
309

 
337

 
177

 
23

 
4

 
16,019

3.01% - 4.00%
 
12,441

 
755

 
466

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
13,662

4.01% and Above
 
2,579

 
102

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,681

Renewable beyond 12 months (MYGA) (2)
 
449

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
449

Total discretionary rate setting products
 
$
34,701

 
$
2,693

 
$
2,379

 
$
995

 
$
1,058

 
$
511

 
$
42,337

Percentage of Total
 
82.0
%
 
6.4
%
 
5.6
%
 
2.3
%
 
2.5
%
 
1.2
%
 
100.0
%
(1) 
Includes only the account values for investment spread products with GMIRs and discretionary crediting rates, net of policy loans. Excludes Stabilizer products, which are fee based. Also excludes the portion of the account value of FIA products for which the crediting rate is based on market indexed strategies.
(2)  
Represents MYGA contracts with renewal dates after June 30, 2019 on which we are required to credit interest above the contractual GMIR for at least the next twelve months.


 
166
 

Market Risk Related to Equity Market Prices

We assess equity risk exposures for financial assets, liabilities and derivatives using hypothetical test scenarios that assume either an increase or decrease of 10% in all equity market benchmark levels. The following table summarizes the net estimated potential change in fair value from an instantaneous increase and decrease in all equity market benchmark levels of 10% as of June 30, 2018. In calculating these amounts, we exclude gains and losses on separate account equity securities related to products for which the investment risk is borne primarily by the separate account contract holder rather than by us. While the test scenarios are for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect our expectations regarding the future performance of equity markets, they are near-term, reasonably possible hypothetical changes that illustrate the potential impact of such events. These scenarios consider only the direct effect on fair value of declines in equity benchmark market levels and not changes in asset-based fees recognized as revenue, changes in our estimates of total gross profits used as a basis for amortizing DAC/VOBA, other intangibles and other costs, or changes in any other assumptions such as market volatility or mortality, utilization or persistency rates in variable contracts that could also impact the fair value of our living benefits features. In addition, these scenarios do not reflect the effect of basis risk, such as potential differences in the performance of the investment funds underlying the variable annuity products relative to the equity market benchmark we use as a basis for developing our hedging strategy. The impact of basis risk could result in larger differences between the change in fair value of the equity-based derivatives and the related living benefit features, in comparison to the hypothetical test scenarios.
 
As of June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hypothetical Change in
Fair Value(1)
 
($ in millions)
Notional
 
Fair Value
 
+ 10%
Equity Shock
 
-10%
Equity Shock
 
Financial assets with equity market risk:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
$
—

 
$
385

 
$
36

 
$
(36
)
 
Limited liability partnerships/corporations
—

 
1,070

 
66

 
(66
)
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity futures and total return swaps(2)
173

 
—

 
(17
)
 
17

 
Equity options
1,467

 
156

 
78

 
(67
)
 
Financial liabilities with equity market risk:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Guaranteed benefit derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FIA
—

 
34

 
—

*
—

*
IUL
—

 
142

 
71

 
(60
)
 
GMWBL/GMWB/GMAB
—

 
6

 
(2
)
 
3

 
* Amount is immaterial.
(1) (Decreases) in assets or (decreases) in liabilities are presented in parentheses. Increases in assets or increases in liabilities are presented without parentheses.
(2) Primarily related to the Variable Annuity Hedging Program.

Net Amount at Risk ("NAR")

The NAR for Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefits ("GMDB"), Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefits ("GMWB") and Guaranteed Minimum Accumulation Benefits ("GMAB") is equal to the guaranteed value of these benefits in excess of the account values in each case as of the date indicated. The NAR assumes utilization of benefits by all customers as of the date indicated.

The NAR for Guaranteed Income Minimum Benefits ("GMIB") and Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefits for Life ("GMWBL") is equal to the excess of the present value of the minimum guaranteed annuity payments available to the contract owner over the current account value. It assumes that all policyholders exercise their benefit immediately, even if they have not yet attained the first exercise date shown in their contracts, and that there are no future lapses. The NAR assumes utilization of benefits by all customers as of the date indicated. This hypothetical immediate exercise of the benefit means that the customers give up any future increase in the guaranteed benefit that might accrue if they were to delay exercise to a later date. The discount rates used in the GMIB NAR methodology uses current new money investment yields. The GMWBL NAR methodology uses current swap rates. The discounting for GMWBL and GMIB NAR was developed to be consistent with the methodology for the establishment of U.S. GAAP reserves.


 
167
 


The account values and NAR, both gross and net of reinsurance ("retained NAR"), of contract owners by type of minimum guaranteed benefit for retail variable annuity contracts are summarized below as of June 30, 2018:
 
 
As of June 30, 2018
($ in millions, unless otherwise indicated)
 
Account Value(1)
 
Gross NAR
 
Retained NAR
 
% Contracts Retained NAR In-the-Money(2)
 
% Retained NAR
In-the-Money(3)
GMDB
 
$
1,826

 
$
124

 
$
50

 
18
%
 
 
27
%
 
Living Benefit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GMIB
 
$
267

 
$
33

 
$
33

 
58
%
 
 
18
%
 
GMWBL/GMWB/GMAB
 
291

 
4

 
4

 
14
%
 
 
11
%
 
Living Benefit Total
 
$
558

 
$
37

 
$
37

 
38
%

 
17
%

(1) Account value excludes $142 million of Payout, Policy Loan and life insurance business which is included in consolidated account values.
(2) Percentage of contracts that have a Retained NAR greater than zero.
(3) For contracts with a Gross NAR greater than zero, % Retained NAR In-the-Money is defined as NAR/(NAR + Account Value).
(4) Total Living Benefit % Contracts NAR In-the-Money as of December 31, 2017 was 43%.
(5) Total Living Benefit % NAR In-the-Money as of December 31, 2017 was 16%.

Variable Annuity Hedge Program

We primarily mitigate market risk exposures through our Variable Annuity Hedge Program. Market risk arises primarily from the minimum guarantees within the variable annuity products, whose economic costs are primarily dependent on future equity market returns, interest rate levels, equity volatility levels and policyholder behavior. The current objective of the Variable Annuity Hedge Program is to protect regulatory and rating agency capital from immediate market movements. The hedge program is executed through the purchase and sale of various instruments designed to limit the reserve and rating agency capital increases resulting from an immediate change in equity markets, and interest rates. The hedge targets may change over time with market movements, changes in regulatory and rating agency capital, available collateral and our risk tolerance. While the Variable Annuity Hedge Program does not explicitly hedge statutory or U.S. GAAP reserves, as markets move up or down, in aggregate the returns generated by the Variable Annuity Hedge Program will significantly offset the statutory and U.S. GAAP reserve changes due to market movements.

Item 4.        Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's current disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that material information relating to the Company required to be disclosed in the Company's periodic SEC filings is made known to them in a timely manner.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

On June 1, 2018, the Company completed the sale of its Annuities and CBVA businesses (the "Transaction"). Upon consummation of the Transaction, the Company has entered into services arrangements with Venerable whereby Venerable or its affiliates will provide certain services, which include operational, administrative, financial reporting and actuarial valuation services. The Company retains full responsibility and will continue to oversee the calculations and methodologies that impact its financial control environment. These services which were previously performed in-house affect aspects of the Company's financial controls. Consequently, the Company has concluded that entry into these services arrangements constitute a material change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting for purposes of Rule 13a-15(d) of the Exchange Act. Other than the change noted above, there were no changes to the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

 
168
 

PART II.     OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.        Legal Proceedings

See the Commitments and Contingencies Note in our Condensed Consolidated Statements in Part I, Item 1. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

For a discussion of the Company’s potential risks and uncertainties, please see Risk Factors in Part I, Item IA. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (the "Annual Report on Form 10-K") filed with the SEC. In addition, please see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Trends and Uncertainties in Part I, Item 2. of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 2.        Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

The following table summarizes Voya Financial, Inc.’s repurchases of its common stock for the three months ended June 30, 2018:
Period
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased
 
Average Price Paid Per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions) 
 
April 1, 2018 - April 30, 2018
 
2,902,539

 
$
51.42

 
2,902,539

 
$
861

 
May 1, 2018 - May 31, 2018
 
3,333,850

 
52.87

 
3,333,850

 
685

 
June 1, 2018 - June 30, 2018
 
3,380,773

 
51.62

 
3,380,773

 
511

 
Total
 
9,617,162

 
$
51.99

 
9,617,162

 
N/A

 

In connection with the exercise or vesting of equity-based compensation awards, employees may remit to Voya Financial, Inc., or Voya Financial, Inc. may withhold into treasury stock, shares of common stock in respect to tax withholding obligations and option exercise cost associated with such exercise or vesting. For the three months ended June 30, 2018, there were 143,506 Treasury share increases in connection with such withholding activities.

Item 6.        Exhibits

See Exhibit Index on page 170 hereof.

 
169
 

Voya Financial, Inc.
Exhibit Index
Exhibit No.
 
Description of Exhibit
12.1+
 
31.1+
 
31.2+
 
32.1+
 
32.2+
 
101.INS+
 
XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH+
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL+
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF+
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB+
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE+
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

+ Filed herewith.

 
170
 

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


August 6, 2018
Voya Financial, Inc.
(Date)
(Registrant)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By: /s/
Michael S. Smith
 
 
Michael S. Smith
 
 
Executive Vice President and
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)


 
171