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VSE CORP - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2017       Commission File Number:  0‑3676

VSE CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
DELAWARE
54-0649263
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization)
Identification No.)

6348 Walker Lane
 
 
 
 
Alexandria, Virginia
 
22310
 
www.vsecorp.com
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
(Zip Code)
 
(Webpage)

Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code:  (703) 960-4600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.05 per share
The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes [x]    No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes [x]    No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of "accelerated filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer [ ] 
Accelerated filer [x]
Non-accelerated filer [ ]
Smaller reporting company [ ]
 
Emerging growth company [ ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transaction period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Yes [ ]    No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes [ ]    No [x]

Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of October 20, 2017: 10,838,435


 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 2.
 
 
 
ITEM 3.
 
 
 
ITEM 4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 1.
 
 
 
ITEM 2.
 
 
 
ITEM 6.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



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Table of Contents

VSE Corporation and Subsidiaries


Forward Looking Statements

This report contains statements that, to the extent they are not recitations of historical fact, constitute "forward looking statements" under federal securities laws. All such statements are intended to be subject to the safe harbor protection provided by applicable securities laws. For discussions identifying some important factors that could cause actual results of VSE Corporation ("VSE," the "Company," "us," "our," or "we") to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward looking statements contained in this report, see VSE's discussions captioned "Business," "Risk Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained in VSE's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on March 1, 2017 ("2016 Form 10-K").

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward looking statements, which reflect management's analysis only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to revise publicly these forward looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date hereof. Readers should carefully review the risk factors described in our 2016 Form 10-K and in the reports and other documents the Company files from time to time with the SEC, including this and other Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and any Current Reports on Form 8-K that we have filed or will file with the SEC subsequent to our 2016 Form 10-K.

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PART I.  Financial Information

Item 1.    Financial Statements

VSE Corporation and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)
 
September 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Assets
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
472

 
$
428

Receivables, net
72,874

 
101,218

Inventories, net
135,525

 
136,340

Other current assets
24,376

 
20,477

Total current assets
233,247

 
258,463

 
 
 
 
Property and equipment, net
56,857

 
62,061

Intangible assets, net
114,913

 
126,926

Goodwill
198,622

 
198,622

Other assets
15,405

 
15,767

Total assets
$
619,044

 
$
661,839

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders' equity
 

 
 

Current liabilities:
 

 
 

Current portion of long-term debt
$
25,710

 
$
21,023

Accounts payable
48,560

 
93,999

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
47,852

 
32,772

Dividends payable
—

 
648

Total current liabilities
122,122

 
148,442

 
 
 
 
Long-term debt, less current portion
155,083

 
193,621

Deferred compensation
15,749

 
12,751

Long-term lease obligations, less current portion
20,917

 
21,959

Deferred tax liabilities
27,981

 
29,872

Total liabilities
341,852

 
406,645

 
 
 
 
Commitments and contingencies


 


Stockholders' equity:
 

 
 

Common stock, par value $0.05 per share, authorized 15,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 10,838,435 and 10,798,927, respectively
542

 
540

Additional paid-in capital
24,455

 
22,876

Retained earnings
252,061

 
231,733

Accumulated other comprehensive income
134

 
45

Total stockholders' equity
277,192

 
255,194

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
619,044

 
$
661,839







The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents


VSE Corporation and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income
(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

 
 
For the three months ended September 30,
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Products
 
$
82,314

 
$
87,060

 
$
260,585

 
$
254,325

Services
 
91,850

 
85,720

 
304,733

 
222,564

Total revenues
 
174,164

 
172,780

 
565,318

 
476,889

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs and operating expenses:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Products
 
68,678

 
70,884

 
217,606

 
207,001

Services
 
88,989

 
83,599

 
293,083

 
215,409

Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
255

 
652

 
1,178

 
4,173

Amortization of intangible assets
 
4,005

 
4,022

 
12,013

 
12,063

Total costs and operating expenses
 
161,927

 
159,157

 
523,880

 
438,646

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income
 
12,237

 
13,623

 
41,438

 
38,243

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense, net
 
2,347

 
2,509

 
7,158

 
7,406

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes
 
9,890

 
11,114

 
34,280

 
30,837

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for income taxes
 
3,251

 
4,026

 
12,541

 
11,228

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
6,639

 
$
7,088

 
$
21,739

 
$
19,609

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per share
 
$
0.61

 
$
0.66

 
$
2.01

 
$
1.82

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
 
10,838,435

 
10,798,684

 
10,833,237

 
10,792,046

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share
 
$
0.61

 
$
0.65

 
$
2.00

 
$
1.81

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
 
10,856,675

 
10,826,007

 
10,855,983

 
10,819,697

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends declared per share
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
0.130

 
$
0.115











The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

VSE Corporation and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(in thousands)

 
 
For the three months ended September 30,
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net income
 
$
6,639

 
$
7,088

 
$
21,739

 
$
19,609

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in fair value of interest rate swap agreements
 
20

 
337

 
89

 
(235
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
 
20

 
337

 
89

 
(235
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income
 
$
6,659

 
$
7,425

 
$
21,828

 
$
19,374









































The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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VSE Corporation and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)

 
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
21,739

 
$
19,609

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 

 
 

Depreciation and amortization
 
19,584

 
19,515

Deferred taxes
 
(1,947
)
 
(3,047
)
Stock-based compensation
 
1,935

 
1,747

Earn-out obligation adjustment
 
—

 
(1,329
)
  Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 

 
 

Receivables, net
 
28,344

 
(7,636
)
Inventories, net
 
815

 
(19,812
)
Other current assets and noncurrent assets
 
(3,392
)
 
(8,015
)
Accounts payable and deferred compensation
 
(42,441
)
 
19,651

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
 
15,916

 
8,639

Long-term lease obligations
 
(1,042
)
 
(930
)
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
 
39,511

 
28,392

 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 

 
 

Purchases of property and equipment
 
(2,387
)
 
(5,438
)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment
 
689

 
74

Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired
 
—

 
(63
)
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash used in investing activities
 
(1,698
)
 
(5,427
)
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 

 
 

Borrowings on loan agreement
 
258,657

 
231,139

Repayments on loan agreement
 
(292,913
)
 
(232,608
)
Earn-out obligation payments
 
—

 
(18,515
)
Payments on capital lease obligations
 
(954
)
 
(835
)
Payments of taxes for equity transactions
 
(500
)
 
(499
)
Dividends paid
 
(2,059
)
 
(1,834
)
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash used in financing activities
 
(37,769
)
 
(23,152
)
 
 
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
44

 
(187
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
 
428

 
740

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
 
$
472

 
$
553






The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017




(1) Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

Our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and the instructions to SEC Form 10-Q and Article 10 of SEC Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2017. For further information refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our 2016 Form 10-K.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates affecting the financial statements include accruals for contract disallowance reserves, recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets, and earn-out obligations.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2017, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which is intended to simplify the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities and classification on the statement of cash flows. We have elected to account for forfeitures as they occur. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Effective January 1, 2017, we adopted ASU No. 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which clarifies that, for inventories measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value, net realizable value should be determined based on the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The adoption of ASU 2015-11 did not have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which eliminates the requirement to determine the fair value of individual assets and liabilities of a reporting unit to measure goodwill impairment. Under the amendments in ASU 2017-04, goodwill impairment testing will be performed by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognizing an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The new standard is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and should be applied on a prospective basis with early adoption permitted. We elected to early adopt ASU 2017-04 effective April 1, 2017 and will apply the new standard to our 2017 annual goodwill impairment test, as well as any interim tests. The adoption is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.


Stock Split Effected in Form of Stock Dividend

In May 2016, our Board of Directors approved a two-for-one stock split effected in the form of a stock dividend ("Stock Split"). The Stock Split had a record date of July 20, 2016 and the stock distribution occurred on August 3, 2016. All references made to share or per share amounts in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and disclosures have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Stock Split.

(2) Debt

We have a loan agreement with a group of banks that was amended in January 2015 to fund our Aviation Acquisition and provide working capital for our continuing operations. The loan agreement, which expires in January 2020, is comprised of a term loan facility and a revolving loan facility. The revolving loan facility provides for revolving loans and letters of credit.


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Table of Contents

VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017



Our required term loan payments after September 30, 2017 are approximately $5.6 million in 2017, $28.1 million in 2018, $30.0 million in 2019, and $36.3 million in 2020. The amount of term loan borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2017 was $100.0 million.

The maximum amount of credit available to us under the loan agreement for revolving loans and letters of credit as of September 30, 2017 was $150 million. We may borrow and repay the revolving loan borrowings as our cash flows require or permit. We pay an unused commitment fee and fees on letters of credit that are issued. We had approximately $82.1 million in revolving loan amounts outstanding and no letters of credit outstanding as of September 30, 2017. We had approximately $100.4 million in revolving loan amounts outstanding and no letters of credit outstanding as of December 31, 2016.

Under the loan agreement we may elect to increase the maximum availability of the term loan facility, the revolving loan facility, or both facilities up to an aggregate additional amount of $75 million.

Total bank loan borrowed funds outstanding, including term loan borrowings and revolving loan borrowings, were approximately $182.1 million and $216.3 million, as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. These amounts exclude unamortized deferred financing costs of approximately $1.3 million and $1.7 million as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, which are being amortized over a five-year period through July 2020. The fair value of outstanding debt as of September 30, 2017 under our bank loan facilities approximates its carrying value using Level 2 inputs based on market data on companies with a corporate rating similar to ours that have recently priced credit facilities.

We pay interest on the term loan borrowings and revolving loan borrowings at LIBOR plus a base margin or at a base rate (typically the prime rate) plus a base margin. As of September 30, 2017, the LIBOR base margin was 2.00% and the base rate base margin was 0.75%. The base margins increase or decrease in increments as our Total Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio increases or decreases.

The loan agreement requires us to have interest rate hedges on a portion of the outstanding term loan for the first three years after the January 2015 amendment date of the agreement. We executed interest rate swap agreements in February 2015 that complied with the loan agreement. The notional amount of the interest rate swap agreements as of September 30, 2017 was $85 million.

After taking into account the impact of interest rate swap agreements, as of September 30, 2017, interest rates on portions of our outstanding debt ranged from 3.24% to 5.00%, and the effective interest rate on our aggregate outstanding debt was 3.36%.

Interest expense incurred on bank loan borrowings and interest rate hedges was approximately $1.8 million and $2.0 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Interest expense incurred on bank loan borrowings and interest rate hedges was approximately $5.6 million and $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The loan agreement contains collateral requirements to secure our borrowings and other loan agreement obligations, restrictive covenants, a limit on annual dividends, and other affirmative and negative covenants, conditions, and limitations. Restrictive covenants include a maximum Total Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio, which decreases over time, and a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. We were in compliance with required ratios and other terms and conditions at September 30, 2017.


(3) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") has been computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Shares issued during the period are weighted for the portion of the period that they were outstanding. Our calculation of diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effects for an assumed vesting of restricted stock awards.
 
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
 
10,838,435

 
10,798,684

 
10,833,237

 
10,792,046

Effect of dilutive shares
 
18,240

 
27,323

 
22,746

 
27,651

Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
 
10,856,675

 
10,826,007

 
10,855,983

 
10,819,697


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Table of Contents

VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017




(4) Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies

Hawaii Litigation

In 2012, the estates of five deceased individuals and their relatives filed complaints in a state court in Hawaii against VSE and other entities and individuals for unspecified damages, alleging that the explosion of fireworks and diesel fuel that killed the five individuals in April 2011 was caused by negligence of VSE and the other defendants. The five deceased plaintiffs were employees of a vendor retained by VSE to dispose of fireworks and other explosives seized by the federal government. In September 2017, VSE together with its insurance carriers, agreed in principle with all of the plaintiffs to settle this litigation. The settlement documents are being finalized and the settlement will be fully funded by VSE’s insurers, resulting in no material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. We have recorded as of September 30, 2017 a liability for our estimated amount of the settlement and a related receivable from our insurers for our estimated recovery, which we believe is probable of recovery based on our evaluation of insurance coverage and the insurers’ agreement and ability to fully fund the settlement. 

Aviation Litigation

In November 2016, a lawsuit, Arrieta et al vs. Prime Turbines LLC et al, was filed in the District Court of Texas in Dallas County, by Edgar Arrieta, and four other plaintiffs against VSE subsidiaries, Kansas Aviation of Independence, L.L.C. and Prime Turbines LLC, and three other unrelated defendants. The other named defendants are Pratt & Whitney of Canada Corporation, Cessna Aircraft Company and Woodward Inc. The plaintiffs allege that on April 1, 2016, a plane crashed resulting in the death of three plaintiffs and serious injuries to six other plaintiffs and that VSE's subsidiaries were negligent in providing maintenance, service and inspection of the airplane engine prior to the crash. Plaintiffs are seeking monetary relief over $1.0 million from the defendants. Trial is scheduled for May 2018. VSE together with its insurance carrier, will aggressively defend the proceedings. While the results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty and the amount of loss, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated, we do not anticipate that this lawsuit will have a material adverse effect on our results of operation, financial condition, or cash flows.

Other Matters

In addition to the above-referenced legal proceedings, we may have certain claims in the normal course of business, including legal proceedings, against us and against other parties. In our opinion, the resolution of these other claims will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. However, because the results of any legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, the amount of loss, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated.

Further, from time-to-time, government agencies investigate whether our operations are being conducted in accordance with applicable contractual and regulatory requirements. Government investigations of us, whether relating to government contracts or conducted for other reasons, could result in administrative, civil or criminal liabilities, including repayments, fines or penalties being imposed upon us, or could lead to suspension or debarment from future government contracting. Government investigations often take years to complete and many result in no adverse action against us. We believe, based upon current information, that the outcome of any such government disputes and investigations will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.


(5) Business Segments and Customer Information

Business Segments

Beginning in 2017, we changed our structure and as a result our former IT, Energy and Management Consulting Group is now combined with our Federal Services Group. Consequently, our segment financial information for 2016 has been restated to reflect such change. Management of our business operations is conducted under three reportable operating segments:

Supply Chain Management Group – Our Supply Chain Management Group supplies vehicle parts primarily through a Managed Inventory Program ("MIP") and direct sales to the United States Postal Service ("USPS") and to other customers.

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017




Aviation Group – Our Aviation Group provides maintenance, repair and overhaul ("MRO") services, parts supply and distribution, and supply chain solutions for general aviation jet aircraft engines and engine accessories.

Federal Services Group – Our Federal Services Group provides engineering, industrial, logistics, foreign military sales, legacy equipment sustainment services, IT and technical and consulting services primarily to the United States Department of Defense ("DoD") and other government agencies.

The operating segments reported below are the segments of the Company for which separate financial information is available and for which segment results are evaluated regularly by our Chief Executive Officer in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. We evaluate segment performance based on consolidated revenues and operating income. Net sales of our business segments exclude intersegment sales as these activities are eliminated in consolidation.

Our segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (in thousands):

 
 
Three months
 
Nine months
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Supply Chain Management Group
 
$
51,174

 
$
51,152

 
$
163,663

 
$
152,080

Aviation Group
 
31,059

 
34,688

 
96,003

 
100,298

Federal Services Group
 
91,931

 
86,940

 
305,652

 
224,511

Total revenues
 
$
174,164

 
$
172,780

 
$
565,318

 
$
476,889

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating income:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Supply Chain Management Group
 
$
8,178

 
$
8,749

 
$
25,611

 
$
26,600

Aviation Group
 
1,983

 
3,950

 
6,898

 
9,896

Federal Services Group
 
2,593

 
1,650

 
10,503

 
5,041

Corporate/unallocated expenses
 
(517
)
 
(726
)
 
(1,574
)
 
(3,294
)
Operating income
 
$
12,237

 
$
13,623

 
$
41,438

 
$
38,243



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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017



Customer Information

Our revenue by customer is as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
Customer
 
2017
 
%
 
2016
 
%
 
2017
 
%
 
2016
 
%
U.S. Postal Service
 
$
43,833

 
25.2
%
 
$
44,433

 
25.7
%
 
$
136,261

 
24.1
%
 
$
135,025

 
28.3
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Navy
 
38,895

 
22.3
%
 
43,424

 
25.1
%
 
143,421

 
25.4
%
 
109,884

 
23.0
%
U.S. Army
 
45,717

 
26.3
%
 
40,155

 
23.3
%
 
150,217

 
26.6
%
 
96,656

 
20.2
%
U.S. Air Force
 
2,967

 
1.7
%
 
757

 
0.4
%
 
5,807

 
1.0
%
 
2,614

 
0.6
%
Total - DoD
 
87,579

 
50.3
%
 
84,336

 
48.8
%
 
299,445

 
53.0
%
 
209,154

 
43.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial aviation
 
30,637

 
17.6
%
 
32,489

 
18.8
%
 
94,706

 
16.8
%
 
98,099

 
20.6
%
Other commercial
 
2,833

 
1.6
%
 
2,720

 
1.6
%
 
9,270

 
1.6
%
 
7,807

 
1.6
%
Total - Commercial
 
33,470

 
19.2
%
 
35,209

 
20.4
%
 
103,976

 
18.4
%
 
105,906

 
22.2
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other civilian agencies
 
9,282

 
5.3
%
 
8,802

 
5.1
%
 
25,636

 
4.5
%
 
26,804

 
5.7
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
174,164

 
100
%
 
$
172,780

 
100
%
 
$
565,318

 
100
%
 
$
476,889

 
100
%

(6) Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Changes in goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Supply Chain Management
 
Federal Services
 
Aviation
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2016
 
$
63,190

 
$
30,883

 
$
104,549

 
$
198,622

 
 


 


 


 


Balance as of September 30, 2017
 
$
63,190

 
$
30,883

 
$
104,549

 
$
198,622


Intangible assets consist of the value of contract and customer-related intangible assets, acquired technologies and trade names. Amortization expense was approximately $4.0 million and $12.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and approximately $4.0 million and $12.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.


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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017



Intangible assets were comprised of the following (in thousands):
 
 
Cost
 
Accumulated Amortization
 
Accumulated
Impairment Loss
 
Net Intangible Assets
September 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract and customer-related
 
$
173,094

 
$
(69,653
)
 
$
(1,025
)
 
$
102,416

Acquired technologies
 
12,400

 
(7,124
)
 
—

 
5,276

Trade names
 
16,670

 
(9,449
)
 
—

 
7,221

Total
 
$
202,164

 
$
(86,226
)
 
$
(1,025
)
 
$
114,913

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Contract and customer-related
 
$
173,094

 
$
(59,799
)
 
$
(1,025
)
 
$
112,270

Acquired technologies
 
12,400

 
(6,278
)
 
—

 
6,122

Trade names
 
16,670

 
(8,136
)
 
—

 
8,534

Total
 
$
202,164

 
$
(74,213
)
 
$
(1,025
)
 
$
126,926



(7) Fair Value Measurements

The accounting standard for fair value measurements defines fair value, and establishes a market-based framework or hierarchy for measuring fair value. The standard is applicable whenever assets and liabilities are measured at fair value.

The fair value hierarchy established in the standard prioritizes the inputs used in valuation techniques into three levels as follows:

Level 1–Observable inputs–quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities;

Level 2–Observable inputs-other than the quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities–includes quoted prices for similar instruments, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in inactive markets and amounts derived from valuation models where all significant inputs are observable in active markets; and

Level 3–Unobservable inputs–includes amounts derived from valuation models where one or more significant inputs are unobservable and require us to develop relevant assumptions.

The following table summarizes the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and the level they fall within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
Amounts Recorded at Fair Value
 
Financial Statement Classification
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
Fair Value September 30, 2017
 
Fair Value December 31, 2016
Non-COLI assets held in Deferred Supplemental Compensation Plan
 
Other assets
 
Level 1
 
$
367

 
$
299

Interest rate swaps
 
Other current assets
 
Level 2
 
$
218

 
$
73


Non-COLI assets held in the deferred supplemental compensation plan consist of equity funds with fair value based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets in active markets and changes in fair value are recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses.
We account for our interest rate swap agreements under the provisions of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and have determined that our swap agreements qualify as highly effective cash flow hedges. The fair value of the swap agreements was approximately $218 thousand and $73 thousand at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The offset, net of an income tax effect of approximately $84 thousand and $28 thousand, was included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying balance sheets as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The amounts paid and received on the swap agreements

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2017



are recorded in interest expense in the period during which the related floating-rate interest is incurred. We determine the fair value of the swap agreements based on a valuation model using primarily observable market data inputs.


(8) Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate was 36.6% and 36.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Income tax expense during interim periods is based on our estimated annual effective income tax rate plus any discrete items that are recorded in the period in which they occur. Our tax rate is affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year, but may not be consistent from year to year.


(9) Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the methodology for measuring credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. The new standard is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We currently are assessing the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The new standard is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. We currently are assessing the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The ASU is based on the principle that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for the goods or services. The standard is required to be applied either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying it recognized at the date of initial application. The ASU also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to fulfill a contract.

We are in the process of comparing our current revenue recognition policies to the requirements of the new standard for each of our revenue categories and evaluating the effect of adoption on our consolidated financial statements by assessing a selection of contracts. Based on the assessment we have completed thus far, we believe the primary impacts of adopting the new standard will be on (1) the timing of when we recognize revenue on our contracts with award fees, which is currently based on when we receive customer authorization will change to recognition of the award fees as the performance obligation is satisfied resulting in revenue being recognized earlier in the contract period, (2) the timing of when we recognize revenues and costs on MRO services for aviation clients and certain fixed price delivery contracts will change from the date of delivery to recognition over time as progress is made to satisfy the performance obligation, and (3) the pattern in which we recognize revenue on certain fixed price services contracts may change from a straight-line basis over the contract period to measuring progress using input measures, such as costs incurred. While we have identified these areas of change under the new standard, we are also identifying and implementing changes to our business processes, systems and controls to support adoption of the new standard in 2018. The new standard requires additional detailed disclosures regarding the company’s contracts with customers, including disclosure of remaining unsatisfied performance obligations, in the first quarter 2018 which we are continuing to assess. The new standard will be effective beginning January 1, 2018 and we intend to implement the standard with the modified retrospective approach, which recognizes the cumulative effect of application recognized on that date. The cumulative catch-up adjustment that will be recorded through shareholders’ equity on January 1, 2018 is still being quantified. We will continue evaluating the impact of the standard on our contract portfolio through the date of adoption.



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Item 2.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


Executive Overview

We are a diversified services company that assists our clients in sustaining, extending the service life and improving the performance of their transportation, equipment and other assets and systems. We provide sustainment services for mission critical legacy systems and equipment and professional and technical services to the United States Government (the "government"), including the United States Department of Defense ("DoD"), the United States Postal Service ("USPS"), and other federal civilian agencies, commercial customers and other customers. Our largest customers are the DoD and USPS. Our operations include supply chain management solutions and parts supply for vehicle fleets; parts supply and maintenance, repair, and overhaul (“MRO”) services for aviation clients; vehicle and equipment maintenance and refurbishment; logistics; engineering; energy and environmental services; IT and health care IT solutions; and consulting services.

Organization and Segments

Our operations are conducted within three reportable segments aligned with our management groups: 1) Supply Chain Management; 2) Aviation; and 3) Federal Services. Beginning in 2017, we have combined our former IT, Energy and Management Consulting Group with our Federal Services Group.

Supply Chain Management Group - Our Supply Chain Management Group provides sourcing, acquisition, scheduling, transportation, shipping, logistics, data management, and other services to assist our clients with supply chain management efforts. Operations of this group are conducted by our wholly owned subsidiary Wheeler Bros., Inc., which supports the USPS, commercial truck fleets, and DoD with fleet management and sustainment solutions, managed inventory services, and other vehicle parts solutions. The primary revenue source for this group is the USPS Managed Inventory Program ("MIP") that supplies vehicle parts and mission critical supply chain support for the USPS truck fleet.

Aviation Group - Our Aviation Group provides parts supply and distribution, supply chain solutions, and MRO services for general aviation jet aircraft engines and engine accessories. This group offers a range of complimentary services and supplies to a diversified client base of corporate and private aircraft owners, regional airlines, aviation manufacturers, other aviation MRO providers, cargo transporters, and agricultural clients.

Federal Services Group - Our Federal Services Group provides foreign military sales services, refurbishment services to extend and enhance the life of existing vehicles and equipment, fleet-wide ship and aircraft support, aircraft sustainment and maintenance, and other technical, management, engineering, logistics, maintenance, configuration management, prototyping, technology, and field support services to the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, U.S. Army and Army Reserve, U.S. Air Force, and other customers. Significant work efforts for this group include assistance to the U.S. Navy in executing its Foreign Military Sales (“FMS”) Program for surface ships sold, leased or granted to foreign countries, our Red River Army Depot Equipment Related Services Program (“RRAD ERS”) providing on-site logistics support for Red River Army Depot at Texarkana, Texas, our Fort Benning Logistics Support Services Program supporting base operations and logistics at Fort Benning, Georgia, our U.S. Army Reserve vehicle refurbishment program and various vehicle and equipment refurbishment, maintenance and sustainment programs for U.S. Army commands, and various task orders under the U.S. Air Force Contract Field Teams (“CFT”) Program.

Beginning in 2017, our Federal Services Group includes our wholly owned subsidiaries Energetics Incorporated ("Energetics") and Akimeka, LLC ("Akimeka"). Energetics provides technical, policy, business, and management support in areas of energy modernization, clean and efficient energy, climate change mitigation, and infrastructure protection. Akimeka offers solutions in fields that include medical logistics, medical command and control, e-health, information assurance, public safety, enterprise architecture development, business continuity, program and portfolio management, network IT services, cloud managed services, systems design and integration, quality assurance services, and product and process improvement services. Energetics and Akimeka clients include various DoD and federal civilian agencies, including the United States Departments of Energy, Homeland Security, Commerce, Treasury, and Interior; the Social Security Administration; the National Institutes of Health; customers in the military health system; and other government agencies and commercial clients.




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Concentration of Revenues
 
 
(dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
For the nine months ended September 30,
 
 
2017
 
 
 
2016
 
 
Source of Revenue
 
Revenues
 
%
 
Revenues
 
%
USPS
 
$
136,261

 
24
 
$
135,025

 
28
FMS Program
 
130,306

 
23
 
95,258

 
20
Other
 
298,751

 
53
 
246,606

 
52
Total revenues
 
$
565,318

 
100
 
$
476,889

 
100

Management Outlook

Our sharpened focus on longer term growth in recent years has produced year over year increases in consolidated revenue through the third quarter of 2017. Our Federal Services Group has been the primary driver of our 2017 increases, and our Supply Chain Management Group has also contributed to the increase. We are pursuing initiatives in each of our groups to sustain our growth.

Revenue on our FMS Program for the first nine months of 2017 increased 37% year over year, resulting in part from the transfer of two frigates to Taiwan completed in March 2017, and from intensified marketing efforts to support FMS client countries. Revenue from our equipment sustainment, refurbishment, logistics support, and parts supply services for our U.S. Army clients also increased. Our contract funded backlog remains strong, which we believe should continue to benefit our DoD revenues. We are well positioned in our pursuit of opportunities to expand our services supporting our traditional government clients, and to capture new work for which our Federal Services Group can team with our Aviation Group to provide enhanced competencies to a wider range of government and international clients.

We have directed resources and management efforts to diversify and expand our Supply Chain Management Group operational capacity, market channels, and client base. It is notable that revenue growth for this group has been provided by growth of parts sales to the DoD and increased supply chain and inventory management support for commercial vehicle fleets. Parts sales to DoD and other government agencies have increased 83% and revenue from commercial customers has increased 25% on a year to date basis through the third quarter of 2017. Through our direct marketing efforts, we are capturing and on-boarding new commercial customers at an accelerated pace. Our commercial client base now includes companies in food distribution, oil field services, waste management, linen and uniform, commercial long haul shipping, bus transportation, and other clients that have vehicle fleets required to meet mission critical delivery or service schedules. We are also capturing new customers and increasing revenue using e-commerce solutions. We are in the beginning stages in our relationship with many of these new clients, and we look forward to further developing these relationships and adding new clients to grow our revenues from commercial markets.

We continue to closely monitor the USPS delivery vehicle procurement efforts and are positioning ourselves to support both newly procured vehicles as they are placed in service and old vehicles that remain in service. Overall, USPS buying levels of parts and services provided by our Supply Chain Management Group to support the current vehicle fleet have been steady. While we cannot predict with certainty the impact of the USPS new delivery vehicle deployment on our future revenues, we believe that our years of service and knowledge of this client’s needs strategically position us to continue to serve as a key strategic vehicle fleet sustainment partner. We will remain agile and support this client during its complex vehicle procurement initiative.

Our Aviation Group is pursuing multiple opportunities to promote future revenue growth. This includes teaming with our Federal Services Group to provide aviation related logistics, material sourcing, and maintenance, repair and overhaul (“MRO”) support to our U.S. and international government client base, and extending our gas turbine MRO competency to maritime applications. We are pursuing new aviation supply chain and distribution agreements with key original equipment manufacturers and adding new MRO engine programs to our offerings. We are expanding our geographic distribution footprint and strengthening our international business development efforts through key strategic relationships and hiring initiatives.

We have reduced our bank debt during the second and third quarters of 2017 by approximately $35 million and our leverage ratio has declined. We anticipate further progress in this regard as we go forward.



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Bookings and Funded Backlog

Revenues for federal government contract work performed by our Federal Services Group depend on contract funding (“bookings”), and bookings generally occur when contract funding documentation is received. Funded contract backlog is an indicator of potential future revenue. While bookings and funded contract backlog generally result in revenue, we may occasionally have funded contract backlog that expires or is de-obligated upon contract completion and does not generate revenue.

A summary of our bookings and revenues for our Federal Services Group for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and funded contract backlog as of September 30, 2017 and 2016 was as follows (in millions):
 
 
2017
 
2016
Bookings
 
$
398

 
$
405

Revenues
 
$
306

 
$
225

Funded Contract Backlog
 
$
403

 
$
400



Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

For a description of recently announced accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on our consolidated financial statements, see Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements in Note 9 of the Notes to our Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.


Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require us to make estimates and assumptions. See our 2016 Form 10-K for a full discussion of our critical accounting policies.

Revenue by Contract Type

Federal government contract work is performed by our Federal Services Group under three general government contract types. Revenues of our Supply Chain Management and Aviation groups are generated under ordering or sales agreements, and this revenue is not classified by government contract type. Our revenues are classified as follows (dollars in thousands):


 
 
Nine months ended September 30,
Contract Type
 
2017
 
%
 
2016
 
%
Cost-type
 
$
163,275

 
29
 
$
122,892

 
26
Fixed-price
 
72,941

 
13
 
52,895

 
11
Time and materials
 
69,436

 
12
 
48,724

 
10
Total Federal Services revenues
 
305,652

 
54
 
224,511

 
47
Supply Chain Management and Aviation revenues
 
259,666

 
46
 
252,378

 
53
Total revenues
 
$
565,318

 
100
 
$
476,889

 
100

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is subject to a review for impairment at least annually. We perform an annual review of goodwill for impairment during the fourth quarter and whenever events or other changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be fully recoverable. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units using a weighting of fair values derived from the income approach, market approach, and comparative transactions approach with the heaviest weighting placed on the income approach. Under the income approach, we calculate the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Cash flow projections are based on our estimates of revenue growth rates and operating margins, taking into consideration industry and market conditions. The discount rate used is based on a weighted average cost of capital adjusted for the relevant risk associated with the characteristics of the business and the projected cash flows.

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In the fourth quarter of 2016, we performed our annual goodwill impairment analysis for each of our reporting units with goodwill. The results of the impairment analysis indicated that our reporting units had fair values substantially in excess of their carrying values with the exception of our Akimeka and VSE Aviation reporting units.

The fair value of our Akimeka reporting unit, within our Federal Services Group, exceeded its carrying value by approximately 7% as of our 2016 annual goodwill impairment analysis. Akimeka had experienced a reduction in services performed in prior years due to a decline in services ordered by clients on contracts and a loss of work performed on expiring contracts for which the follow-on work was often awarded to small businesses as set-aside contracts. Based on these circumstances and Akimeka's revenues and operating income for the first nine months of 2017, we performed an interim goodwill impairment during the third quarter. The result of this impairment analysis shows that Akimeka’s fair value exceeded its carrying value by approximately 12%. Based on the results of our analysis, our assessment is that we remain at risk of a future goodwill impairment if there is further deterioration of projected cash flows or negative changes in market factors, such as an increase in the weighted average cost of capital used in the income approach or decreases in the market multiples used in the market approach. The carrying value of Akimeka as of September 30, 2017 included goodwill of approximately $29.8 million.

The fair value of our VSE Aviation reporting unit, within our Aviation Group, exceeded its carrying value by approximately 10% as of our 2016 annual goodwill impairment analysis. While there has not been a significant contract or customer loss, VSE Aviation’s revenue and operating income for the first nine months of 2017 did not meet our cash flow projections utilized in our 2016 annual impairment analysis. This decrease was primarily related to a decreased demand for new parts and slower than anticipated development of new business opportunities. We believe that these conditions are temporary and that the overall outlook for our Aviation business remains consistent with our long-term projections. However, based on the current operating performance, we have determined that VSE Aviation is at risk of a future goodwill impairment if there are future declines in our projections or if we are unsuccessful in implementing our revenue growth plans. Additionally, the fair value could be adversely affected by other market factors such as an increase in the weighted average cost of capital used in the income approach or decreases in the market multiples used in the market approach. The carrying value of our VSE Aviation reporting unit included goodwill of approximately $104.5 million as of September 30, 2017.

As of September 30, 2017, we have no intangible assets with indefinite lives and we had an aggregate of approximately $199 million of goodwill associated with our acquisitions.


Results of Operations

Our results of operations are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Three months
 
Nine months
 
Change
 
 
 ended September 30,
 
 ended September 30,
 
Three
 
Nine
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
Months
 
Months
Revenues
 
$
174,164

 
$
172,780

 
$
565,318

 
$
476,889

 
$
1,384

 
$
88,429

Costs and operating expenses
 
161,927

 
159,157

 
523,880

 
438,646

 
2,770

 
85,234

Operating income
 
12,237

 
13,623

 
41,438

 
38,243

 
(1,386
)
 
3,195

Interest expense, net
 
2,347

 
2,509

 
7,158

 
7,406

 
(162
)
 
(248
)
Income before income taxes
 
9,890

 
11,114

 
34,280

 
30,837

 
(1,224
)
 
3,443

Provision for income taxes
 
3,251

 
4,026

 
12,541

 
11,228

 
(775
)
 
1,313

Net income
 
$
6,639

 
$
7,088

 
$
21,739

 
$
19,609

 
$
(449
)
 
$
2,130


Our revenues increased approximately $1 million or 1%, for the third quarter of 2017, and approximately $88 million or 19% for the first nine months of 2017, as compared to the same periods of 2016. Revenues from our Federal Services Group increased for the third quarter and for the first nine months. Revenues from our Supply Chain Management Group were substantially unchanged for the third quarter and increased for the first nine months. Revenues from our Aviation Group decreased for the third quarter and for the first nine months.

Costs and operating expenses consist primarily of cost of inventory and delivery of our products sold; direct costs including labor, material, and supplies used in the performance of our contract work; indirect costs associated with our direct contract costs; sales, general, and administrative expenses associated with our operating groups and corporate management; and certain costs and charges arising from nonrecurring events outside the ordinary course of business. These costs will generally increase or decrease in conjunction

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with our level of products sold or contract work performed. Costs and operating expenses also include expense for amortization of intangible assets acquired through our acquisitions. Expense for amortization of acquisition related intangible assets is included in the segment results in which the acquisition is included. Segment results also include expense for an allocation of corporate management costs.

Our costs and operating expenses increased approximately $3 million or 2% for the third quarter of 2017, and approximately $85 million or 19% for the first nine months of 2017, as compared to the same periods of 2016. Costs and operating expenses for our Federal Services and Supply Chain Management groups increased for the third quarter and for the first nine months. Costs and operating expenses for our Aviation Group decreased for the third quarter and for the first nine months.

Our operating income decreased approximately $1 million or 10% for the third quarter of 2017, and increased approximately $3 million or 8% for the first nine months of 2017, as compared to the same periods of 2016. Operating income from our Federal Services Group increased for the third quarter and for the first nine months of 2017. Operating income from our Supply Chain Management and Aviation groups decreased for the third quarter and for the first nine months of 2017.

Changes in revenues, costs and operating expenses, and operating income are further discussed in the summaries of our segment results that follow.

Interest expense decreased approximately $248 thousand for the first nine months of 2017, as compared to the same period of 2016, due primarily to a decrease in our average level of bank borrowing in 2017. Interest expense also includes interest associated with capitalized construction costs related to our executive and administrative headquarters facility lease. The amount of interest expense associated with this capital lease in the first nine months of 2017 was approximately $1.1 million, as compared to $1.2 million for the same period of 2016.

Our effective tax rate was 36.6% and 36.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Income tax expense during interim periods is based on our estimated annual effective income tax rate plus any discrete items that are recorded in the period in which they occur. Our tax rate is affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year, but may not be consistent from year to year.

Supply Chain Management Group Results

The results of operations for our Supply Chain Management Group are as follows (dollars in thousands):

 
 
Three months
 
Nine months
 
Change
 
 
 ended September 30,
 
 ended September 30,
 
Three
 
Nine
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
Months
 
Months
Revenues
 
$
51,174

 
$
51,152

 
$
163,663

 
$
152,080

 
$
22

 
$
11,583

Costs and operating expenses
 
42,996

 
42,403

 
138,052

 
125,480

 
593

 
12,572

Operating income
 
$
8,178

 
$
8,749

 
$
25,611

 
$
26,600

 
$
(571
)
 
$
(989
)
Profit percentage
 
16.0
%
 
17.1
%
 
15.6
%
 
17.5
%
 
 

 
 


Revenues for our Supply Chain Management Group remained substantially unchanged for the third quarter of 2017 and increased approximately $11.6 million or 8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same periods of 2016. Revenues from sales to the USPS decreased approximately $600 thousand for the third quarter and increased approximately $1.2 million for the nine months. Revenues from sales to other customers, including sales to government and commercial customers, increased approximately $638 thousand or 10% for the third quarter and approximately $10.3 million or 60% for the nine months. Costs and operating expenses increased by approximately $593 thousand or 1% for the third quarter and approximately $12.6 million or 10% for the first nine months, primarily due to the increase in revenues.

Operating income decreased by approximately $571 thousand or 7% for the third quarter of 2017 and decreased approximately $989 thousand or 4% for the first nine months of 2017. Lower margins were attributable to increased competition for our USPS vehicle parts sales and to lower margins typically associated with DoD sales.


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Aviation Group Results

The results of operations for our Aviation Group are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
 
 
Three months
 
Nine months
 
Change
 
 
 ended September 30,
 
 ended September 30,
 
Three
 
Nine
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
Months
 
Months
Revenues
 
$
31,059

 
$
34,688

 
$
96,003

 
$
100,298

 
$
(3,629
)
 
$
(4,295
)
Costs and operating expenses
 
29,076

 
30,738

 
89,105

 
90,402

 
(1,662
)
 
(1,297
)
Operating income
 
$
1,983

 
$
3,950

 
$
6,898

 
$
9,896

 
$
(1,967
)
 
$
(2,998
)
Profit percentage
 
6.4
%
 
11.4
%
 
7.2
%
 
9.9
%
 
 

 
 


Revenues for our Aviation Group decreased approximately $3.6 million or 10% for the third quarter of 2017 and decreased approximately $4.3 million or 4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same periods of 2016. Revenues were adversely affected by a decrease in the demand in our parts distribution businesses.

Costs and operating expenses decreased by approximately $1.7 million or 5% for the third quarter of 2017 and decreased approximately $1.3 million or 1% for the first nine months of 2017, primarily due to the decrease in revenues. For the first nine months of 2016, costs and operating expenses were reduced by approximately $1.3 million for a valuation adjustment to the accrued earn-out obligation associated with the acquisition of our aviation businesses and were increased by approximately $300 thousand due to expense associated with a settlement agreement.
    
Our operating income decreased approximately $2 million or 50% for the third quarter of 2017, and approximately $3 million or 30% for the first nine months of 2017, as compared to the same periods of 2016. Factors affecting the change in our operating income for the third quarter included a decrease in the demand in our parts distribution businesses and decreases in operating income from engine MRO services. Factors affecting the change in our operating income for the first nine months included a decrease in the demand in our parts distribution businesses, an increase in operating income from engine MRO services and engine accessories services, and the adjustments to 2016 operating income for the earn-out obligation valuation adjustment and the settlement agreement expense mentioned above.

Federal Services Group Results

The results of operations for our Federal Services Group are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
 
Three months
 
Nine months
 
Change
 
 
 ended September 30,
 
 ended September 30,
 
Three
 
Nine
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
Months
 
Months
Revenues
 
$
91,931

 
$
86,940

 
$
305,652

 
$
224,511

 
$
4,991

 
$
81,141

Costs and operating expenses
 
89,338

 
85,290

 
295,149

 
219,470

 
4,048

 
75,679

Operating Income
 
$
2,593

 
$
1,650

 
$
10,503

 
$
5,041

 
$
943

 
$
5,462

Profit percentage
 
2.8
%
 
1.9
%
 
3.4
%
 
2.2
%
 
 

 
 


Revenues for our Federal Services Group increased approximately $5.0 million or 6% for the third quarter of 2017 and approximately $81.1 million or 36% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same periods of 2016. Items affecting our third quarter revenue on a year to year comparative basis include a net increase in revenues of approximately $7 million on various U. S. Army contracts, a decrease of approximately $6 million in revenues on our FMS Program, and changes in the level of work on other program efforts. Items affecting our first nine months revenue on a year to year comparative basis include an increase of approximately $35 million in revenues on our FMS Program, increased revenues of approximately $24 million due to the start of our RRAD ERS Program in the second quarter of 2016, and changes in the level of work on other program efforts.

Costs and operating expenses increased approximately $4 million or 5% for the third quarter of 2017 and approximately $75.7 million or 34% for the first nine months of 2017, as compared to the same periods of 2016. The increases in costs and operating expenses are primarily attributable to the increased level of work associated with our revenue increases.


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Operating income increased by approximately $943 thousand or 57% for the third quarter of 2017 and approximately $5 million or 108% for the first nine months of 2017, compared to the same periods of 2016. The increases in operating income resulted primarily from an increase of award fees earned on our FMS Program of approximately $2.3 million for the first nine months; from an improvement in profit margins on vehicle and equipment refurbishment, maintenance, and sustainment work supporting various U.S. Army and Army Reserve programs; and from increases in revenues. Award fee evaluations on our FMS program occur three times per year. We typically recognize award fee revenue and income on this program in the first, second, and fourth quarters each year. Operating income was adversely affected by a contract related loss of approximately $1.2 million for the third quarter and approximately $1.6 million for the first nine months of 2017. We expect no further loss on this contract prior to its expected completion in the fourth quarter of 2017.

 
Financial Condition

There has been no material adverse change in our financial condition in the first nine months of 2017. Changes to asset and liability accounts were due primarily to our earnings, our level of business activity, the timing of inventory purchases, contract delivery schedules, subcontractor and vendor payments required to perform our contract work, and the timing of associated billings to and collections from our customers.


Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flows

Cash and cash equivalents increased approximately $44 thousand during the first nine months of 2017.

Cash provided by operating activities increased approximately $11.1 million in the first nine months of 2017 as compared to the first nine months of 2016. The change is primarily attributable to an increase of approximately $6.3 million due to changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities, an increase of approximately $2.7 million in non-cash operating activities, and an increase of approximately $2.1 million in cash provided by net income.

A significant portion of our accounts payable decreases in the first nine months of 2017 resulted from payments for inventory purchases made by our Aviation Group and subcontractor work performed on our FMS program in 2016. Our levels of inventory, accounts receivable and accounts payable may fluctuate depending on the timing of services ordered and products sold, government funding delays, the timing of billings received from subcontractors and materials vendors, and the timing of payments received for services. Such timing differences have the potential to cause significant increases and decreases in our inventory, accounts receivable, and accounts payable balances in short time periods, and accordingly, can cause significant increases or decreases in our cash provided by operations.

Cash used in investing activities decreased approximately $3.7 million in the first nine months of 2017 as compared to the first nine months of 2016. Cash used in investing activities consisted primarily of purchases of property and equipment.

Cash used in financing activities increased approximately $14.6 million in the first nine months of 2017 as compared to the first nine months of 2016. Cash used in financing activities in 2017 consisted primarily of bank borrowing repayments and payment of dividends. Cash used in financing activities in 2016 consisted primarily of earn-out obligation payments associated with the acquisition of our aviation businesses and payment of dividends.

We paid cash dividends totaling approximately $2.1 million or $0.19 per share in the first nine months of 2017. Our payment of cash dividends is subject to restrictions in our loan agreement, including a restriction on the annual aggregate amount of dividends we may pay. We have paid cash dividends each year since 1973 and have increased our dividend each year since 2004.

Liquidity

Our internal sources of liquidity are primarily from operating activities, specifically from changes in our level of revenues and associated inventory, accounts receivable, and accounts payable, and from profitability. Significant increases or decreases in revenues and inventory, accounts receivable, and accounts payable can impact our liquidity. Our inventory and accounts payable levels can be affected by the timing of large opportunistic inventory purchases. Our accounts receivable and accounts payable levels can be affected by changes in the level of contract work we perform, by the timing of large materials purchases and subcontractor efforts

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used in our contracts, and by delays in the award of contractual coverage and funding and payments. Government funding delays can cause delays in our ability to invoice for revenues earned, presenting a potential negative impact on our days sales outstanding.

We also purchase property and equipment; invest in expansion, improvement, and maintenance of our operational and administrative facilities; and invest in the acquisition of other companies.

Our external financing consists of a loan agreement with a bank group that provides for a term loan, revolving loans, and letters of credit. The termination date of the loan agreement is January 2020. This agreement was implemented in January 2015 concurrent with the acquisition of our aviation businesses. Our outstanding debt of approximately $180.8 million as of September 30, 2017 was net of unamortized deferred financing costs of approximately $1.3 million.

The term loan requires quarterly installment payments. Our required term loan payments after September 30, 2017 are approximately $5.6 million in 2017, $28.1 million in 2018, $30.0 million in 2019, and $36.3 million in 2020. The amount of term loan borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2017 was $100 million.

The maximum amount of credit available to us under our loan agreement for revolving loans and letters of credit as of September 30, 2017 was $150 million. We may borrow and repay the revolving loan borrowings as our cash flows require or permit. We pay an unused commitment fee and fees on letters of credit that are issued. We had approximately $82.1 million in revolving loan amounts outstanding and no letters of credit outstanding as of September 30, 2017. The timing of certain payments made and collections received associated with our inventory, subcontractor, and materials requirements and other operating expenses can cause fluctuations in our outstanding revolving loan amounts. Delays in government funding of our work performed can also cause additional borrowing requirements.

Under our loan agreement we may elect to increase the maximum availability of the term loan facility, the revolving loan facility, or a combination of both facilities up to an aggregate additional amount of $75 million.

We pay interest on the term loan borrowings and revolving loan borrowings at LIBOR plus a base margin or at a base rate (typically the prime rate) plus a base margin. As of September 30, 2017, the LIBOR base margin was 2.00% and the base rate base margin was 0.75%. The base margins increase or decrease in steps as our Total Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio increases or decreases.

Our loan agreement requires us to have interest rate hedges on a portion of the outstanding term loan for the first three years of the agreement. We executed compliant interest rate hedges in February 2015. As of September 30, 2017, the effective interest rate on our hedged debt was 3.25% and interest rates on portions of our outstanding unhedged debt ranged from 3.24% to 5.00%. The effective interest rate on our aggregate outstanding debt was 3.36%.

Our loan agreement contains collateral requirements to secure our loan obligations, restrictive covenants, a limit on annual dividends, and other affirmative and negative covenants, conditions and limitations. Restrictive covenants include a maximum Total Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio, which decreases over time, and a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. We were in compliance with the financial covenants and other terms and conditions at September 30, 2017.

 
 
Current Maximum Ratio
 
Actual Ratio
Total Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio
 
3.00 to 1
 
2.19 to 1

 
 
Minimum Ratio
 
Actual Ratio
Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio
 
1.20 to 1
 
1.99 to 1

We currently do not use public debt security financing.


Inflation and Pricing

Most of our contracts under which services are performed for the government provide for estimates of future labor costs to be escalated for any option periods, while the non-labor costs in our contracts are normally considered reimbursable at cost. Our property and equipment consists principally of land, buildings and improvements, shop and warehouse equipment, computer systems equipment, and furniture and fixtures. We do not expect the overall impact of inflation on replacement costs of our property and equipment to be material to our future results of operations or financial condition.

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Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rates

Our bank loan agreement provides available borrowing to us at variable interest rates. Accordingly, future interest rate changes could potentially put us at risk for a material adverse impact on future earnings and cash flows. To mitigate the risks associated with future interest rate movements we have employed interest rate hedges to fix the rate on a portion of our outstanding borrowings for various periods. The resulting fixed rates on this portion of our debt have given us protection against interest rate increases.

In February 2015, we entered into a LIBOR based interest rate swap on our term loan for a term of four years with a notional amount of $100 million. The swap amount on our term loan decreases in increments on an annual basis. As of September 30, 2017, the amount of the term loan swap was $60 million and with the term loan swap in place, we pay an effective interest rate of 1.25% plus our base margin. Also in February 2015, we entered into a LIBOR based interest rate swap on our revolving loan for a term of three years with a notional amount of $25 million. As of September 30, 2017, with the revolving loan swap in place, we pay an effective rate of 1.25% plus our base margin.


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VSE CORPORATIONS AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks

See "Disclosures About Market Risk" in Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, based on management's evaluation, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")), our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during our third quarter of fiscal 2017 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II.   Other Information

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

In 2012, the estates of five deceased individuals and their relatives filed complaints in a state court in Hawaii against VSE and other entities and individuals for unspecified damages, alleging that the explosion of fireworks and diesel fuel that killed the five individuals in April 2011 was caused by negligence of VSE and the other defendants. The five deceased plaintiffs were employees of a vendor retained by VSE to dispose of fireworks and other explosives seized by the federal government. In September 2017, VSE together with its insurance carriers, agreed in principle with all of the plaintiffs to settle this litigation. The settlement documents are being finalized and the settlement will be fully funded by VSE’s insurers, resulting in no material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.



Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

We did not purchase any of our equity securities during the period covered by this report.

VSE's loan agreement prohibits VSE from paying cash dividends, except that if there is no event of default, no act, event or condition that would constitute an event of default with the giving of notice or the passage of time, or both, and no covenant breach would occur giving effect to the payment of the dividend, VSE may pay cash dividends that do not exceed $6 million in the aggregate in any fiscal year.


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Item 6.    Exhibits

(a) Exhibits
 
 
 
Section 302 CEO Certification
 
Section 302 CFO and PAO Certification
 
Section 906 CEO Certification
 
Section 906 CFO and PAO Certification
Exhibit 101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document
Exhibit 101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
Exhibit 101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Document

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, VSE has omitted all other items contained in "Part II. Other Information" because such other items are not applicable or are not required if the answer is negative or because the information required to be reported therein has been previously reported.

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES


SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


 
 
 
VSE CORPORATION
Date:
October 27, 2017
By:
/s/ M. A. Gauthier
 
 
 
M. A. Gauthier
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer,
 
 
 
President and Chief Operating Officer


Date:
October 27, 2017
By:
/s/ T. R. Loftus
 
 
 
T. R. Loftus
 
 
 
Executive Vice President and
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
(Principal Accounting Officer)



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