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Westlake Chemical Partners LP - Quarter Report: 2023 September (Form 10-Q)


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
or
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from                    to                    
Commission File No. 001-36567
Westlake Chemical Partners LP
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware 32-0436529
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
2801 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 600
Houston, Texas 77056
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(713) 585-2900
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common units representing limited partnership interestsWLKPThe New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes   x     No   ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer
¨
Accelerated filerx
Non-accelerated filer
¨ 
Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ¨  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)     Yes   ☐     No   x

The registrant had 35,228,134 common units outstanding as of October 26, 2023.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
September 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
(in thousands of dollars, except unit amounts)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents$65,869 $64,782 
Receivable under the Investment Management Agreement—Westlake Corporation ("Westlake")84,358 64,996 
Accounts receivable, net—Westlake54,625 90,965 
Accounts receivable, net—third parties21,626 20,030 
Inventories4,394 4,715 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets599 305 
Total current assets231,471 245,793 
Property, plant and equipment, net959,114 990,213 
Goodwill5,814 5,814 
Deferred charges and other assets, net145,111 130,159 
Total assets$1,341,510 $1,371,979 
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Accounts payable—Westlake$25,261 $34,087 
Accounts payable—third parties18,984 15,317 
Accrued and other liabilities 31,355 17,537 
Total current liabilities75,600 66,941 
Long-term debt payable to Westlake399,674 399,674 
Deferred income taxes1,656 1,656 
Other liabilities3,308 — 
Total liabilities480,238 468,271 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
EQUITY
Common unitholders—publicly and privately held (21,105,904 and 21,099,638 units
   issued and outstanding at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)
474,895 480,643 
Common unitholder—Westlake (14,122,230 and 14,122,230 units issued and outstanding
   at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)
49,919 53,859 
General partner—Westlake(242,572)(242,572)
Total Westlake Chemical Partners LP partners' capital282,242 291,930 
Noncontrolling interest in Westlake Chemical OpCo LP ("OpCo")579,030 611,778 
Total equity861,272 903,708 
Total liabilities and equity$1,341,510 $1,371,979 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(in thousands of dollars, except unit amounts and per unit data)
Revenue
Net sales—Westlake$289,303 $364,273 $771,349 $1,020,042 
Net co-products, ethylene and other sales—third parties32,361 50,850 122,169 206,266 
Total net sales321,664 415,123 893,518 1,226,308 
Cost of sales228,683 324,629 606,742 947,073 
Gross profit92,981 90,494 286,776 279,235 
Selling, general and administrative expenses6,741 8,678 21,884 26,824 
Income from operations86,240 81,816 264,892 252,411 
Other income (expense)
Interest expense—Westlake(6,437)(3,645)(19,869)(8,703)
Other income, net1,272 618 3,153 683 
Income before income taxes81,075 78,789 248,176 244,391 
Provision for income taxes222 484 607 822 
Net income80,853 78,305 247,569 243,569 
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in OpCo67,647 63,548 207,585 196,180 
Net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Partners LP and limited partners' interest in net income$13,206 $14,757 $39,984 $47,389 
Net income per limited partner unit attributable to Westlake Chemical Partners LP (basic and diluted)
Common units$0.37 $0.42 $1.14 $1.35 
Weighted average limited partner units outstanding (basic and diluted)
Common units—publicly and privately held21,103,180 21,096,317 21,100,832 21,093,578 
Common units—Westlake14,122,230 14,122,230 14,122,230 14,122,230 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Unaudited)
Partnership
Common Unitholders—
Publicly and Privately Held
Common Unitholder—
Westlake
General
Partner—
Westlake
Noncontrolling
Interest
in OpCo		Total
(in thousands of dollars)
Balances at December 31, 2022$480,643 $53,859 $(242,572)$611,778 $903,708 
Net income8,921 5,971 — 76,560 91,452 
Distribution to unitholders(9,947)(6,657)— — (16,604)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest retained in OpCo by Westlake— — — (88,678)(88,678)
Balances at March 31, 2023$479,617 $53,173 $(242,572)$599,660 $889,878 
Net income7,120 4,766 — 63,378 75,264 
Distribution to unitholders(9,946)(6,657)— — (16,603)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest retained in OpCo by Westlake— — — (80,581)(80,581)
Balances at June 30, 2023$476,791 $51,282 $(242,572)$582,457 $867,958 
Net income7,911 5,295 — 67,647 80,853 
Units issued for vested phantom units141 — — — 141 
Distribution to unitholders(9,948)(6,658)— — (16,606)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest retained in OpCo by Westlake— — — (71,074)(71,074)
Balances at September 30, 2023$474,895 $49,919 $(242,572)$579,030 $861,272 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Unaudited)
Partnership
Common Unitholders—
Publicly and Privately Held		Common Unitholder—
Westlake		General
Partner—
Westlake		Noncontrolling
Interest
in OpCo		Total
(in thousands of dollars)
Balances at December 31, 2021$481,796 $54,754 $(242,572)$678,720 $972,698 
Net income9,700 6,494 — 64,631 80,825 
Distribution to unitholders(9,946)(6,657)— — (16,603)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest retained in OpCo by Westlake— — — (60,688)(60,688)
Balances at March 31, 2022$481,550 $54,591 $(242,572)$682,663 $976,232 
Net income9,846 6,592 — 68,001 84,439 
Distribution to unitholders(9,943)(6,657)— — (16,600)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest retained in OpCo by Westlake— — — (75,130)(75,130)
Balances at June 30, 2022$481,453 $54,526 $(242,572)$675,534 $968,941 
Net income8,839 5,918 — 63,548 78,305 
Units issued for vested phantom units190 — — — 190 
Distribution to unitholders(9,947)(6,657)— — (16,604)
Distribution to noncontrolling interest retained in OpCo by Westlake— — — (78,668)(78,668)
Balances at September 30, 2022$480,535 $53,787 $(242,572)$660,414 $952,164 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20232022
(in thousands of dollars)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income$247,569 $243,569 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization81,902 91,682 
Loss from disposition of property, plant and equipment4,438 4,388 
Other losses (gains), net(86)4,400 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable—third parties(1,510)(23,109)
Net accounts receivable—Westlake26,631 68,520 
Inventories321 3,539 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(294)(62)
Accounts payable—third parties4,772 (14,269)
Accrued and other liabilities9,553 (32,326)
Other, net(28,968)(5,170)
Net cash provided by operating activities344,328 341,162 
Cash flows from investing activities
Additions to property, plant and equipment(33,979)(45,458)
Investments with Westlake under the Investment Management Agreement(164,116)(276,000)
Maturities of investments with Westlake under the Investment Management Agreement145,000 247,000 
Net cash used for investing activities(53,095)(74,458)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from debt payable to Westlake155,250 — 
Repayment of debt payable to Westlake(155,250)— 
Distributions to noncontrolling interest retained in OpCo by Westlake(240,333)(214,486)
Distributions to unitholders(49,813)(49,807)
Net cash used for financing activities(290,146)(264,293)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents1,087 2,411 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period64,782 17,057 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$65,869 $19,468 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
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WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except unit amounts and per unit data)

1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
Description of Business
Westlake Chemical Partners LP (the "Partnership") is a Delaware limited partnership formed in March 2014 to operate, acquire and develop ethylene production facilities and related assets. On August 4, 2014, the Partnership completed its initial public offering (the "IPO") of 12,937,500 common units representing limited partner interests.
In connection with the IPO, the Partnership acquired a 10.6% limited partner interest in Westlake Chemical OpCo LP ("OpCo") and a 100% interest in Westlake Chemical OpCo GP LLC ("OpCo GP"), which is the general partner of OpCo. OpCo owns three ethylene production facilities and one common carrier ethylene pipeline (collectively, the "Contributed Assets"). Since the IPO, the Partnership has periodically purchased additional limited partner interest in OpCo. Most recently, on March 29, 2019, the Partnership purchased an additional 4.5% newly-issued limited partner interest in OpCo for approximately $201,445, resulting in an aggregate 22.8% limited partner interest in OpCo, effective January 1, 2019. The remaining 77.2% limited partner interest in OpCo is owned by Westlake Corporation.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements were prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") for interim periods. Accordingly, certain information and footnotes required for complete financial statements under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("U.S. GAAP") have not been included. These interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of the Partnership included in the annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the "2022 Form 10-K"), filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023. These financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the accounting principles and practices as disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Partnership for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
References to "Westlake" refer collectively to Westlake Corporation and its subsidiaries, other than the Partnership, OpCo and OpCo GP.
The Partnership holds a 22.8% limited partner interest and the entire non-economic general partner interest in OpCo. The remaining 77.2% limited partner interest in OpCo is owned directly by Westlake, which has no rights to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of OpCo. As a result of the fact that substantially all of OpCo's activities are conducted on behalf of Westlake, and the fact that OpCo exhibits disproportionality of voting rights to economic interest, OpCo was deemed to be a variable interest entity. The Partnership, through its ownership of OpCo's general partner, has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of OpCo, and it also has the obligation or right to absorb losses or receive benefits from OpCo that could potentially be significant to OpCo. As such, the Partnership was determined to be OpCo's primary beneficiary and therefore consolidates OpCo's results of operations and financial position. Westlake's retained interest of 77.2% is recorded as noncontrolling interest in the Partnership's consolidated financial statements.
In the opinion of the Partnership's management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated interim financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for a fair statement of the Partnership's financial position as of September 30, 2023, its results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and the changes in its cash position for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Results of operations and changes in cash position for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that will be realized for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023 or any other interim period. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

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WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except unit amounts and per unit data)
2. Accounts Receivable—Third Parties
Accounts receivable—third parties consist of the following:
September 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
Trade customers$18,464 $18,813 
Allowance for credit losses(195)(280)
Other receivables3,357 1,497 
Accounts receivable, net—third parties$21,626 $20,030 
3. Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:
September 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
Finished products$3,823 $4,093 
Feedstock, additives and chemicals571 622 
Inventories$4,394 $4,715 
4. Property, Plant and Equipment
Depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment of $21,282 and $23,368 is included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment of $63,167 and $71,252 is included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
5. Deferred Charges and Other Assets
Amortization expense on deferred charges and other assets of $6,944 and $6,023 is included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Amortization expense on deferred charges and other assets of $18,735 and $20,430 is included in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
6. Distributions and Net Income Per Limited Partner Unit
On October 31, 2023, the board of directors of Westlake Chemical Partners GP LLC ("Westlake GP"), the Partnership's general partner, declared a quarterly cash distribution for the three months ended September 30, 2023 of $0.4714 per unit. This distribution is payable on November 27, 2023 to unitholders of record as of November 10, 2023.
Distributions are declared subsequent to quarter end; therefore, the table below represents total cash distributions declared from earnings of the related periods pertaining to such distributions.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Net income attributable to the Partnership$13,206 $14,757 $39,984 $47,389 
Less:
Limited partners' distribution declared on common units16,607 16,604 49,814 49,799 
Distribution in excess of net income$(3,401)$(1,847)$(9,830)$(2,410)
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WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except unit amounts and per unit data)
Net income per unit applicable to common limited partner units is computed by dividing the respective limited partners' interest in net income by the weighted-average number of common units outstanding for the period. Because the Partnership has more than one class of participating securities, it uses the two-class method when calculating the net income per unit applicable to limited partners. The classes of participating securities include common units and incentive distribution rights. Net income attributable to the Partnership is allocated to the unitholders in accordance with their respective ownership percentages in preparation of the consolidated statements of changes in equity. However, when distributions related to the incentive distribution rights are made, net income equal to the amount of those distributions is first allocated to the general partner before the remaining net income is allocated to the unitholders based on their respective ownership percentages. Basic and diluted net income per unit is the same because the Partnership does not have any potentially dilutive units outstanding for the periods presented.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Limited Partners' Common UnitsIncentive Distribution RightsTotal
Net income attributable to the Partnership:
Distribution$16,607 $— $16,607 
Distribution in excess of net income(3,401)— (3,401)
Net income$13,206 $— $13,206 
Weighted average units outstanding:
Basic and diluted35,225,410 35,225,410 
Net income per limited partner unit:
Basic and diluted$0.37 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Limited Partners' Common UnitsIncentive Distribution RightsTotal
Net income attributable to the Partnership:
Distribution$16,604 $— $16,604 
Distribution in excess of net income(1,847)— (1,847)
Net income$14,757 $— $14,757 
Weighted average units outstanding:
Basic and diluted35,218,547 35,218,547 
Net income per limited partner unit:
Basic and diluted$0.42 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Limited Partners' Common UnitsIncentive Distribution RightsTotal
Net income attributable to the Partnership:
Distribution$49,814 $— $49,814 
Distribution in excess of net income(9,830)— (9,830)
Net income$39,984 $— $39,984 
Weighted average units outstanding:
Basic and diluted35,223,062 35,223,062 
Net income per limited partner unit:
Basic and diluted$1.14 
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WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except unit amounts and per unit data)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Limited Partners' Common UnitsIncentive Distribution RightsTotal
Net income attributable to the Partnership:
Distribution$49,799 $— $49,799 
Distribution in excess of net income(2,410)— (2,410)
Net income$47,389 $— $47,389 
Weighted average units outstanding:
Basic and diluted35,215,808 35,215,808 
Net income per limited partner unit:
Basic and diluted$1.35 
The amended Partnership Agreement provides that the Partnership will distribute cash that is deemed to be operating surplus each quarter to all the unitholders, pro rata, until each unit has received a distribution of $1.2938. If cash distributions to the Partnership's unitholders exceed $1.2938 per common unit in any quarter, the Partnership's unitholders and Westlake, as the holder of the Partnership's incentive distribution rights, will receive distributions according to the following percentage allocations:
Marginal Percentage Interest in Distributions
Total Quarterly Distribution Per UnitUnitholdersIDR Holders
Above $1.2938 up to $1.4063
85.0 %15.0 %
Above $1.4063 up to $1.6875
75.0 %25.0 %
Above $1.6875
50.0 %50.0 %
The Partnership's distribution for the three months ended September 30, 2023 did not exceed the $1.2938 per unit threshold, and, as a result, no distribution was made with respect to the Partnership's incentive distribution rights to Westlake, as the holder of the Partnership's incentive distribution rights.
Distributions Per Common Unit
Distributions per common unit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Distributions per common unit$0.4714 $0.4714 $1.4142 $1.4142 
7. Partners' Equity
On October 4, 2018, the Partnership and Westlake Chemical Partners GP LLC, the general partner of the Partnership, entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement with UBS Securities LLC, Barclays Capital Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC to offer and sell the Partnership's common units, from time to time, up to an aggregate offering amount of $50,000. The Equity Distribution Agreement was amended on February 28, 2020 to reference a new shelf registration and subsequent renewals thereof for utilization under this agreement. No common units were issued under this program as of September 30, 2023.
On March 29, 2019, the Partnership completed the issuance and sale of 2,940,818 common units at a price of $21.40 per unit through a private placement. TTWF LP, Westlake's principal stockholder and a related party, acquired 1,401,869 common units out of 2,940,818 common units issued in the private placement.
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WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except unit amounts and per unit data)
8. Related Party Transactions
The Partnership and OpCo regularly enter into related party transactions with Westlake. See below for a description of transactions with related parties.
Sales to Related Parties
OpCo sells ethylene to Westlake under the Ethylene Sales Agreement. Additionally, the Partnership and OpCo from time to time provide other services or products for which it charges Westlake a fee.
Sales to related parties were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Net sales—Westlake$289,303 $364,273 $771,349 $1,020,042 
Cost of Sales from Related Parties
Charges for goods and services purchased by the Partnership and OpCo from Westlake and included in cost of sales relate primarily to feedstock purchased under the Feedstock Supply Agreement and services provided under the Services and Secondment Agreement.
Charges from related parties in cost of sales were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Feedstock purchased from Westlake and included in cost of sales$120,040 $201,044 $303,809 $603,243 
Other charges from Westlake and included in cost of sales31,072 49,144 91,707 135,574 
Total$151,112 $250,188 $395,516 $738,817 
Services from Related Parties Included in Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Charges for services purchased by the Partnership from Westlake and included in selling, general and administrative expenses primarily relate to services Westlake performs on behalf of the Partnership under the Omnibus Agreement, including the Partnership's finance, legal, information technology, human resources, communication, ethics and compliance and other administrative functions.
Charges from related parties included within selling, general and administrative expenses were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Services received from Westlake and included in selling, general and administrative expenses$6,670 $7,080 $19,966 $20,510 
Goods and Services from Related Parties Capitalized as Assets
Charges for goods and services purchased by the Partnership and OpCo from Westlake which were capitalized as assets relate primarily to the services of Westlake employees under the Services and Secondment Agreement.
Charges from related parties for goods and services capitalized as assets were as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Goods and services purchased from Westlake and capitalized as assets$1,035 $832 $2,907 $2,205 
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WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except unit amounts and per unit data)
Receivable under the Investment Management Agreement
On August 1, 2017, the Partnership, OpCo and Westlake executed an investment management agreement (the "Investment Management Agreement") that authorized Westlake to invest the Partnership's and OpCo's excess cash with Westlake for durations of up to a maximum of nine months. Per the terms of the Investment Management Agreement, the Partnership earns a market return plus five basis points and Westlake provides daily availability of the invested cash to meet any liquidity needs of the Partnership or OpCo. Accrued interest of $1,186 and $940 was included in the receivable under the Investment Management Agreement balance at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Total interest earned related to the Investment Management Agreement was $1,186 and $691 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $3,151 and $934 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Partnership's receivable under the Investment Management Agreement was as follows:
September 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
Receivable under the Investment Management Agreement$84,358 $64,996 
Accounts Receivable from Related Parties
The Partnership's accounts receivable from Westlake result primarily from ethylene sales to Westlake and the buyer deficiency fee and shortfall fee recognized under the Ethylene Sales Agreement.
Based on OpCo's 2022 production, the Partnership recognized buyer deficiency fees of $23,835 during 2022. The buyer deficiency fee was received by the Partnership in January 2023. Additionally, as a result of force majeure events in 2021, the Partnership recognized a shortfall fee of $58,906 during 2021, of which $7,193 remained to be collected by the Partnership as of December 31, 2022. Of this amount, $6,451 was received in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the remaining amount will be collected during the remainder of 2023 pursuant to the terms of the Ethylene Sales Agreement.
The Partnership's accounts receivable from Westlake were as follows:
September 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
Accounts receivable—Westlake$54,625 $90,965 
Accounts Payable to Related Parties
The Partnership's accounts payable to Westlake result primarily from feedstock purchases under the Feedstock Supply Agreement and services provided under the Services and Secondment Agreement and the Omnibus Agreement.
The Partnership's accounts payable to Westlake were as follows:
September 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
Accounts payable—Westlake$25,261 $34,087 
Related Party Leases
OpCo is obligated to Westlake under various long-term and short-term noncancelable operating leases, primarily related to rail cars and land. Operating lease rentals paid to Westlake for such leases were $433 and $719 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $1,480 and $1,979 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are reflected in other charges from Westlake that are included in cost of sales.
OpCo has two site lease agreements with Westlake, each of which has a term of 50 years. Pursuant to the site lease agreements, OpCo pays Westlake one dollar per site per year.
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WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except unit amounts and per unit data)
Debt Payable to Related Parties
See Note 9 for a description of related party debt payable balances.
Interest on related party debt payable balances, net of capitalized interest, for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $6,437 and $3,645, respectively. Interest on related party debt payable balances, net of capitalized interest, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $19,869 and $8,703, respectively. Interest on related party debt payable is presented as interest expense—Westlake in the consolidated statements of operations. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, accrued interest on related party debt was $6,486 and $4,733, respectively, and is reflected as a component of accrued and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
Debt payable to related parties was as follows:
September 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
Long-term debt payable to Westlake$399,674 $399,674 
Major Customer and Concentration of Credit Risk
During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Westlake accounted for approximately 89.9% and 87.8%, respectively, of the Partnership's net sales. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, Westlake accounted for approximately 86.3% and 83.2%, respectively, of the Partnership's net sales.
9. Long-Term Debt Payable to Westlake
Long-term debt payable to Westlake consists of the following:
September 30,
2023		December 31,
2022
OpCo Revolver $22,619 $22,619 
MLP Revolver 377,055 377,055 
Long-term debt payable to Westlake$399,674 $399,674 
As of September 30, 2023, outstanding borrowings under the OpCo Revolver and the MLP Revolver bore interest at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York ("SOFR") plus the Applicable Margin plus a 0.10% credit spread adjustment. The Applicable Margin under the OpCo Revolver is 1.75%. The Applicable Margin under the MLP Revolver varies between 1.75% and 2.75%, depending on the Partnership's Consolidated Leverage Ratio. The OpCo Revolver and the MLP Revolver are scheduled to mature on July 12, 2027.
The weighted average interest rate on all long-term debt was 7.1% and 4.8% at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
As of September 30, 2023, the Partnership was in compliance with all of the covenants under the OpCo Revolver and the MLP Revolver.
10. Fair Value Measurements
The Partnership reports certain assets and liabilities at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). Under the accounting guidance for fair value measurements, inputs used to measure fair value are classified in one of three levels:
Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
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WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—Continued
(Unaudited)
(in thousands of dollars, except unit amounts and per unit data)
The Partnership has financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measures. These financial assets and liabilities include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, net, accounts payable and long-term debt payable to Westlake, all of which are recorded at carrying value. The amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for accounts receivable, net and accounts payable approximate their fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments. The carrying and fair values of the Partnership's long-term debt at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized in the table below. The fair value of long-term debt is determined based on the present value of expected future cash flows using a discounted cash flow methodology. Because the Partnership's valuation methodology used for long-term debt requires the use of significant unobservable inputs, the inputs used to measure the fair value of the Partnership's long-term debt are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. Inputs used to estimate the fair values of the Partnership's long-term debt include the selection of an appropriate discount rate.
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Carrying
Value		Fair
Value		Carrying
Value		Fair
Value
Long-term debt payable to Westlake$399,674 $409,637 $399,674 $405,879 
11. Supplemental Information
Accrued and Other Liabilities
Accrued and other liabilities were $31,355 and $17,537 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued maintenance expense, accrued capital expenditures, accrued interest on related party debt and accrued taxes, which are components of accrued and other liabilities, were $10,020, $5,320, $6,486 and $4,881, respectively, at September 30, 2023 and $3,752, $2,442, $4,733 and $2,652, respectively, at December 31, 2022. No other component of accrued and other liabilities was more than five percent of total current liabilities.
Cash Flow Information
Non-cash Investing Activity
Capital expenditure related liabilities, included in accounts payable—third parties and accrued and other liabilities, were $8,262 and $7,654 at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Interest Paid
Interest paid by the Partnership, net of interest capitalized, was $18,095 and $7,335 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
12. Commitments and Contingencies
The Partnership is subject to environmental laws and regulations that can impose civil and criminal sanctions and that may require the Partnership to mitigate the effects of contamination caused by the release or disposal of hazardous substances into the environment. These laws include the federal Clean Air Act, the federal Water Pollution Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act ("CERCLA"), the Toxic Substances Control Act and various other federal, state and local laws and regulations. Under CERCLA, an owner or operator of property may be held strictly liable for remediating contamination without regard to whether that person caused the contamination, and without regard to whether the practices that resulted in the contamination were legal at the time they occurred. Because the Partnership's production sites have a history of industrial use, it is impossible to predict precisely what effect these legal requirements will have on the Partnership. Pursuant to the Omnibus Agreement, certain subsidiaries of Westlake will indemnify the Partnership for liabilities that occurred or existed prior to August 4, 2014.
On September 27, 2021, shortly after the turnaround on Petro 2 commenced, there was a flash fire at the quench tower of the Petro 2 facility. Contractors working on the quench tower were injured. There are lawsuits pending in connection with the flash fire. Litigation and discovery are continuing, and settlements have been reached with most of the plaintiffs.
The Partnership is also involved in other legal proceedings incidental to the conduct of its business. After considering all relevant facts and circumstances, including applicable insurance, the Partnership does not believe that any of these legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Westlake Chemical Partners LP's annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the "2022 Form 10-K"), as filed with the SEC on March 1, 2023. Unless otherwise indicated, references in this report to "we," "our," "us" or like terms, refer to Westlake Chemical Partners LP (the "Partnership"), Westlake Chemical OpCo LP ("OpCo") and Westlake Chemical OpCo GP LLC ("OpCo GP"). References to "Westlake" refer to Westlake Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries other than the Partnership, OpCo GP and OpCo. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements. Please read "Forward-Looking Statements" for a discussion of limitations inherent in such statements.
Partnership Overview
We are a Delaware limited partnership formed by Westlake to operate, acquire and develop ethylene production facilities and related assets. On August 4, 2014, we closed our initial public offering (the "IPO") of 12,937,500 common units. In connection with the IPO, we acquired a 10.6% interest in OpCo and a 100% interest in OpCo GP, which is the general partner of OpCo. On April 29, 2015, we purchased an additional 2.7% newly-issued limited partner interest in OpCo, resulting in an aggregate 13.3% limited partner interest in OpCo effective April 1, 2015. The 12,686,115 subordinated units of the Partnership, all of which were previously owned by Westlake, were converted into common units of the Partnership on August 30, 2017. On September 29, 2017, we completed a secondary public offering of 5,175,000 common units and purchased an additional 5.0% newly-issued limited partner interest in OpCo, resulting in an aggregate 18.3% limited partner interest in OpCo effective July 1, 2017. On March 29, 2019, we completed a private placement of 2,940,818 common units and used the net proceeds to purchase an additional 4.5% interest in OpCo, effective January 1, 2019, resulting in us owning an aggregate 22.8% limited partner interest in OpCo.
Currently, our sole revenue generating asset is our 22.8% limited partner interest in OpCo, a limited partnership formed by Westlake and us in anticipation of the IPO to own and operate an ethylene production business. We control OpCo through our ownership of its general partner. Westlake retains the remaining 77.2% limited partner interest in OpCo as well as a significant interest in us through its ownership of our general partner, 40.1% of our limited partner units (consisting of 14,122,230 common units) and our incentive distribution rights. OpCo's assets include (1) two ethylene production facilities ("Petro 1" and "Petro 2" and, collectively, "Lake Charles Olefins") at Westlake's Lake Charles, Louisiana site; (2) one ethylene production facility ("Calvert City Olefins") at Westlake's Calvert City, Kentucky site; and (3) a 200-mile common carrier ethylene pipeline (the "Longview Pipeline") that runs from Mont Belvieu, Texas to Westlake's Longview, Texas facility.
How We Generate Revenue
We generate revenue primarily by selling ethylene and the resulting co-products we produce. OpCo and Westlake have entered into an ethylene sales agreement (the "Ethylene Sales Agreement") pursuant to which we generate a substantial majority of our revenue. The Ethylene Sales Agreement is a long-term, fee-based agreement with a minimum purchase commitment and includes variable pricing based on OpCo's actual feedstock and natural gas costs and estimated other costs of producing ethylene (including OpCo's estimated operating costs and a five-year average of OpCo's expected future maintenance capital expenditures and other turnaround expenditures based on OpCo's planned ethylene production capacity for the year), plus a fixed margin per pound of $0.10 less revenue from co-products sales. Pursuant to the Ethylene Sales Agreement, Westlake's obligation to pay for the annual minimum commitment (95% of OpCo's budgeted ethylene production), which is measured on an annual basis, is not reduced for a force majeure event lasting fewer than 45 consecutive days. In the event of a force majeure event, we recognize buyer deficiency fees representing fixed margin and unavoided operating and maintenance capital expenditures and maintenance expenses per pound of volume committed by Westlake during the force majeure period. In the event Westlake purchases less than its annual commitment, we recognize buyer deficiency fees representing fixed margin and all expenses and expenditures incurred per pound of volume committed but not taken by Westlake. Payment for the buyer deficiency fee is scheduled to be received by the Partnership after the conclusion of the year.
Westlake has an option to take 95% of volumes in excess of the minimum commitment on an annual basis under the Ethylene Sales Agreement if we produce more than our planned production. Under the Ethylene Sales Agreement, the price for the sale of such excess ethylene to Westlake is based on a formula similar to that used for the minimum purchase commitment, with the exception of certain fixed costs. In addition, under the Ethylene Sales Agreement, if production costs billed to Westlake on an annual basis are less than 95% of the actual production costs incurred by OpCo during the contract year, OpCo is entitled to recover the shortfall in such production costs (proportionate to the volume sold to Westlake) in the subsequent year ("Shortfall"). The Shortfall is generally recognized during the period in which the related operating, maintenance or turnaround activities occur.
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Operating Expenses, Maintenance Capital Expenditures and Turnaround Costs
Our management seeks to maximize the profitability of our operations by effectively managing operating expenses, maintenance capital expenditures and turnaround costs. Our operating expenses are comprised primarily of feedstock costs and natural gas, labor expenses (including contractor services), utility costs (other than natural gas) and turnaround and maintenance expenses. With the exception of feedstock (including natural gas) and utilities-related expenses, operating expenses generally remain relatively stable across broad ranges of production volumes but can fluctuate from period to period depending on the circumstances, particularly maintenance and turnaround activities. Our maintenance capital expenditures and turnaround costs are comprised primarily of maintenance of our ethylene production facilities and the amortization of capitalized turnaround costs. These capital expenditures relate to the maintenance and integrity of our facilities. We capitalize the costs of major maintenance activities, or turnarounds, and amortize the costs over the period until the next planned turnaround of the affected facility.
Operating expenses, maintenance capital expenditures and turnaround costs are built into the price per pound of ethylene charged to Westlake under the Ethylene Sales Agreement. Because the expenses other than feedstock costs and natural gas are based on forecasted amounts and remain a fixed component of the price per pound of ethylene sold under the Ethylene Sales Agreement for any given 12-month period, our ability to manage operating expenses, maintenance expenditures and turnaround costs may directly affect our profitability and cash flows. The impact on profitability is partially mitigated by the fact that we generally recognize any Shortfall as revenue in the period such costs and expenses are incurred. We seek to manage our operating and maintenance expenses on our ethylene production facilities by scheduling maintenance and turnarounds over time to avoid significant variability in our operating margins and minimize the impact on our cash flows, without compromising our commitment to safety and environmental stewardship. In addition, we reserve cash on an annual basis from what we would otherwise distribute to minimize the impact of turnaround costs in the year of incurrence. The purchase price under the Ethylene Sales Agreement is not designed to cover capital expenditures for expansions.
MLP Distributable Cash Flow and EBITDA
The body of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States is commonly referred to as "GAAP." For this purpose, a non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") as a numerical measure of a registrant's historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows that (1) excludes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding amounts, that are included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in the statement of income, balance sheet or statement of cash flows (or equivalent statements) of the registrant; or (2) includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of including amounts, that are excluded from the most directly comparable measure so calculated and presented. We use the non-GAAP measures of MLP distributable cash flow and EBITDA to analyze our performance. We define distributable cash flow as net income plus depreciation, amortization and disposition of property, plant and equipment, less contributions for turnaround reserves, maintenance capital expenditures and mark-to-market adjustment on derivative contracts. We define MLP distributable cash flow as distributable cash flow less distributable cash flow attributable to Westlake's noncontrolling interest in OpCo and distributions attributable to the incentive distribution rights holder. MLP distributable cash flow does not reflect changes in working capital balances. We define EBITDA as net income before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization. We use each of MLP distributable cash flow and EBITDA to analyze our performance. Fees for a buyer deficiency and Shortfall are included in net income in the periods in which they are recognized. MLP distributable cash flow and EBITDA are non-GAAP supplemental financial measures that management and external users of our consolidated financial statements, such as industry analysts, investors, lenders and rating agencies, may use to assess our operating performance as compared to other publicly-traded partnerships; our ability to incur and service debt and fund capital expenditures; and the viability of acquisitions and other capital expenditure projects and the returns on investment of various investment opportunities.
MLP distributable cash flow is not a substitute for the GAAP measures of net income or net cash provided by operating activities. MLP distributable cash flow has important limitations as an analytical tool because it excludes some but not all items that affect net income and net cash provided by operating activities. EBITDA is not a substitute for the GAAP measures of net income, income from operations or net cash provided by operating activities. In addition, it should be noted that companies calculate EBITDA differently and, therefore, EBITDA as presented for us may not be comparable to EBITDA reported by other companies. EBITDA has material limitations as a performance measure because it excludes interest expense, depreciation and amortization, and income taxes. Reconciliations for each of MLP distributable cash flow and EBITDA are included in the "Results of Operations" section below.

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Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(dollars in thousands)
Revenue
Net sales—Westlake$289,303 $364,273 $771,349 $1,020,042 
Net co-products, ethylene and other sales—third parties32,361 50,850 122,169 206,266 
Total net sales321,664 415,123 893,518 1,226,308 
Cost of sales228,683 324,629 606,742 947,073 
Gross profit92,981 90,494 286,776 279,235 
Selling, general and administrative expenses6,741 8,678 21,884 26,824 
Income from operations86,240 81,816 264,892 252,411 
Other income (expense)
Interest expense—Westlake(6,437)(3,645)(19,869)(8,703)
Other income, net1,272 618 3,153 683 
Income before income taxes81,075 78,789 248,176 244,391 
Provision for income taxes222 484 607 822 
Net income80,853 78,305 247,569 243,569 
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in OpCo67,647 63,548 207,585 196,180 
Net income attributable to Westlake Chemical Partners LP $13,206 $14,757 $39,984 $47,389 
MLP distributable cash flow (1)
$13,620 $16,734 $46,156 $55,609 
EBITDA (2)
$115,738 $111,825 $349,947 $344,776 
____________
(1) See "Reconciliation of MLP Distributable Cash Flow to Net Income and Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities" below.
(2) See "Reconciliation of EBITDA to Net Income, Income from Operations and Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities" below.
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Average
Sales Price		VolumeAverage
Sales Price		Volume
Net sales percentage change from prior-year period due to average sales price and volume -27.7 %+7.8 %-27.0 %+0.7 %
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Domestic US prices percentage change from prior-year period for fuel cost and feedstock
Fuel cost (Natural Gas)-69.4 %-60.9 %
Feedstock (Ethane)-46.0 %-50.7 %

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Reconciliation of MLP Distributable Cash Flow to Net Income and Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
The following table presents reconciliations of MLP distributable cash flow to net income and net cash provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, for each of the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(dollars in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities$100,925 $115,495 $344,328 $341,162 
Loss from disposition of property, plant and equipment(4,016)(958)(4,438)(4,388)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities and other(16,056)(36,232)(92,321)(93,205)
Net income80,853 78,305 247,569 243,569 
Add:
Depreciation, amortization and disposition of property, plant and equipment32,242 30,349 86,340 96,070 
Less:
Contribution to turnaround reserves(7,565)(7,323)(21,838)(21,811)
Maintenance capital expenditures(22,862)(14,348)(37,407)(38,172)
Distributable cash flow attributable to noncontrolling interest in OpCo(69,048)(70,249)(228,508)(224,047)
MLP distributable cash flow$13,620 $16,734 $46,156 $55,609 
Reconciliation of EBITDA to Net Income, Income from Operations and Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
The following table presents reconciliations of EBITDA to net income, income from operations and net cash provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, for each of the periods indicated.
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(dollars in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities$100,925 $115,495 $344,328 $341,162 
Loss from disposition of property, plant and equipment(4,016)(958)(4,438)(4,388)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities and other(16,056)(36,232)(92,321)(93,205)
Net income80,853 78,305 247,569 243,569 
Less:
Other income, net1,272 618 3,153 683 
Interest expense—Westlake(6,437)(3,645)(19,869)(8,703)
Provision for income taxes(222)(484)(607)(822)
Income from operations86,240 81,816 264,892 252,411 
Add:
Depreciation and amortization28,226 29,391 81,902 91,682 
Other income, net1,272 618 3,153 683 
EBITDA$115,738 $111,825 $349,947 $344,776 
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Summary
For the quarter ended September 30, 2023, net income was $80.9 million on net sales of $321.7 million. This represents an increase in net income of $2.6 million as compared to net income of $78.3 million on net sales of $415.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. Net income attributable to the Partnership for the third quarter of 2023 was $13.2 million as compared to $14.8 million for the third quarter of 2022, a decrease of $1.6 million. Income from operations was $86.2 million for the third quarter of 2023 as compared to $81.8 million for the third quarter of 2022. Income from operations and net income for the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter of 2022 were higher primarily due to lower ethane feedstock and natural gas costs in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022, partially offset by lower ethylene and co-products sales prices. Net income attributable to the Partnership for the third quarter of 2023 decreased as compared to the third quarter of 2022, primarily due to higher interest expense attributable to the Partnership, partially offset by the higher income from operations as discussed above. Net sales for the third quarter of 2023 decreased by $93.4 million as compared to net sales for the third quarter of 2022, mainly due to lower ethylene and co-products sales prices during the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter of 2022, partially offset by higher ethylene and co-products sales volumes.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, net income was $247.6 million on net sales of $893.5 million. This represents an increase in net income of $4.0 million as compared to net income of $243.6 million on net sales of $1,226.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Net income attributable to the Partnership for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $40.0 million as compared to $47.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, a decrease of $7.4 million. Income from operations was $264.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $252.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Income from operations and net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were higher primarily due to lower ethane feedstock and natural gas costs in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, partially offset by lower ethylene and co-products sales prices. Net income attributable to the Partnership for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to higher interest expense attributable to the Partnership, partially offset by the higher income from operations as discussed above. Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased by $332.8 million as compared to net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, mainly due to lower ethylene and co-products sales prices during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Third Quarter 2023 Compared with Third Quarter 2022
Net Sales. Total net sales decreased by $93.4 million, or 22.5%, to $321.7 million in the third quarter of 2023 from $415.1 million in the third quarter of 2022. The decrease in net sales in the third quarter of 2023 was primarily due to lower ethylene and co-products sales prices in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter of 2022, partially offset by higher ethylene and co-products sales volumes. Additionally, net sales in the third quarter of 2022 included a buyer deficiency fee recognized in the period. Lower average sales prices in the third quarter of 2023 contributed to a 27.7% decrease in net sales compared to the third quarter of 2022. Higher sales volumes in the third quarter of 2023 contributed to a 7.8% increase in net sales compared to the third quarter of 2022.
Gross Profit. Gross profit increased to $93.0 million in the third quarter of 2023 from $90.5 million in the third quarter of 2022. Gross profit margin in the third quarter of 2023 was 28.9%, as compared to 21.8% for the third quarter of 2022. The increase in gross profit margin was primarily due to lower ethane feedstock and natural gas costs in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter of 2022.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $2.0 million, or 23.0%, to $6.7 million in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to $8.7 million in the third quarter of 2022. The decrease in the third quarter of 2023 was mainly attributable to a reduction in the provision for credit losses recognized in the third quarter of 2022.
Interest Expense—Westlake. Interest expense of $6.4 million in the third quarter of 2023 increased from $3.6 million in the third quarter of 2022 due to a higher average interest rate on debt owed to Westlake.
Other Income, net. Other income, net of $1.3 million in the third quarter of 2023 primarily represents interest earned on the balance with Westlake under the Investment Management Agreement.
MLP Distributable Cash Flow. MLP distributable cash flow decreased by $3.1 million to $13.6 million in the third quarter of 2023 from $16.7 million in the third quarter of 2022. The decrease in the third quarter of 2023, as compared to the prior-year period, was primarily attributable to increased maintenance capital expenditures and higher interest expense, partially offset by increased earnings at OpCo.
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EBITDA. EBITDA increased by $3.9 million to $115.7 million in the third quarter of 2023 from $111.8 million in the third quarter of 2022. The increase was primarily due to lower ethane feedstock and natural gas costs in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to the third quarter of 2022, partially offset by lower ethylene and co-products sales prices.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Net Sales. Total net sales decreased by $332.8 million, or 27.1%, to $893.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $1,226.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in net sales in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to lower ethylene and co-products sales prices during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Lower average sales prices in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 contributed to a 27.0% decrease in net sales compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Higher sales volumes in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 contributed to a 0.7% increase in net sales as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Gross Profit. Gross profit increased to $286.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $279.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The gross profit margin in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was 32.1%, as compared to 22.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in gross profit margin was primarily due to lower ethane feedstock and natural gas costs in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $4.9 million, or 18.3%, to $21.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $26.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was mainly attributable to a reduction in the provision for credit losses recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Interest Expense—Westlake. Interest expense of $19.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased from $8.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 due to a higher average interest rate on debt owed to Westlake.
Other Income, net. Other income, net of $3.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily represents interest earned on the balance with Westlake under the Investment Management Agreement.
MLP Distributable Cash Flow. MLP distributable cash flow decreased by $9.4 million to $46.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $55.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the prior-year period, was primarily attributable to higher interest expense, partially offset by increased earnings at OpCo.
EBITDA. EBITDA increased by $5.1 million to $349.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $344.8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to lower ethane feedstock and natural gas costs in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, partially offset by lower ethylene and co-products sales prices.
CASH FLOW DISCUSSION FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
Operating Activities
Operating activities provided cash of $344.3 million in the first nine months of 2023 compared to cash provided by operating activities of $341.2 million in the first nine months of 2022. The $3.1 million increase in cash flows from operating activities was mainly due to an increase of $37.2 million in cash provided by working capital during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the prior-year period, which was partially offset by cash used for the Calvert City Olefins turnaround activity. Changes in components of working capital, which we define for the purposes of this cash flow discussion as accounts receivable, net—Westlake, accounts receivable, net—third parties, inventories, prepaid expenses and other current assets less accounts payable—Westlake, accounts payable—third parties and accrued and other liabilities, provided cash of $39.5 million in the first nine months of 2023 as compared to $2.3 million of cash provided in the first nine months of 2022, resulting in an overall favorable change of $37.2 million. The favorable change in working capital was mainly attributable to a favorable change in accounts receivable—third parties, accounts payable—third parties and accrued and other liabilities, primarily due to the timing of payment of accruals and the impact on accounts receivable of the Petro 2 turnaround activities in 2021, which impacted the changes in working capital in the first nine months of 2022. These favorable changes were partially offset by an unfavorable change in accounts payable—Westlake due to fluctuating ethane feedstock costs. Additionally, there was an unfavorable change in accounts receivable, net—Westlake due to a smaller buyer deficiency fee and Shortfall collected in the first nine months of 2023 as compared to the first nine months of 2022, which was partially offset by the impact on accounts receivable, net—Westlake of the Petro 2 turnaround activities in 2021.
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Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities in the first nine months of 2023 was $53.1 million as compared to net cash used for investing activities of $74.5 million in the first nine months of 2022. The $21.4 million decrease in net cash used for investing activities was mainly due to a decrease in capital expenditures and a decrease in net cash invested under the Investment Management Agreement in the first nine months of 2023 as compared to the prior-year period. Capital expenditures in the first nine months of 2023 and 2022 were primarily related to projects to increase production capacity or reduce costs, maintenance and safety and environmental projects at our facilities.
Financing Activities
Net cash used for financing activities in the first nine months of 2023 was $290.1 million as compared to net cash used for financing activities of $264.3 million in the first nine months of 2022. The outflows in the first nine months of 2023 were related to distributions of $240.3 million to the noncontrolling interest retained in OpCo by Westlake and of $49.8 million to unitholders by the Partnership. The cash outflows in the first nine months of 2022 were related to distributions of $214.5 million to the noncontrolling interest retained in OpCo by Westlake and of $49.8 million to unitholders by the Partnership.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity and Financing Arrangements
Pursuant to the terms of the Equity Distribution Agreement, entered in October 2018 and amended in February 2020, among the Partnership and various investment banks, the Partnership may offer and sell the Partnership's common units from time to time to or through the investment banks, as the Partnership's sales agents or as principals, having an aggregate offering amount of up to $50.0 million (the "ATM Program"). The Partnership intends to use the net proceeds of sales of the common units, if any, for general partnership purposes, which may include the funding of potential drop-downs and other acquisitions. No common units had been issued under the ATM Program as of September 30, 2023.
Based on the terms of our cash distribution policy, we expect that we will distribute to our partners most of the excess cash generated by our operations. To the extent we do not generate sufficient cash flow to fund capital expenditures, we expect to fund them primarily from external sources, including borrowing directly from Westlake, as well as future issuances of equity interests or debt.
The Partnership maintains separate bank accounts, but Westlake continues to provide treasury services on our behalf under the Omnibus Agreement. Our sources of liquidity include cash generated from operations, the OpCo Revolver, the MLP Revolver and, if necessary and possible under then current market conditions, the issuance of additional equity interests or debt. We believe that cash generated from these sources will be sufficient to meet our short-term working capital requirements and long-term capital expenditure requirements and to make quarterly cash distributions. Westlake may also provide other direct and indirect financing to us from time to time, although it is not obligated to do so.
In order to fund non-annual turnaround expenditures, we cause OpCo to reserve an amount for turnaround costs during each twelve-month period designed to cover future turnaround activities. Each of OpCo's ethylene production facilities requires turnaround maintenance approximately every five years. By reserving additional cash annually, we intend to reduce the variability in OpCo's cash flow. Westlake's purchase price for ethylene purchased under the Ethylene Sales Agreement includes a component (adjusted annually) designed to cover, over the long term, substantially all of OpCo's turnaround expenditures.
Westlake's credit facility and various indentures do not prevent OpCo from making distributions to us.
On October 31, 2023, the board of directors of Westlake Chemical Partners GP LLC, our general partner, approved a quarterly distribution of $0.4714 per unit payable on November 27, 2023 to unitholders of record as of November 10, 2023, which equates to a total amount of approximately $16.6 million per quarter, or approximately $66.4 million per year in aggregate, based on the number of common units outstanding on September 30, 2023. We do not have a legal or contractual obligation to pay distributions on a quarterly basis or any other basis at our minimum quarterly distribution rate or any other rate.
Capital Expenditures
Westlake has historically funded expansion capital expenditures related to Lake Charles Olefins and Calvert City Olefins. No such funding was required by OpCo during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Total capital expenditures for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $34.0 million and $45.5 million, respectively. We expect that Westlake will loan additional cash to OpCo to fund its expansion capital expenditures in the future, but Westlake is under no obligation to do so.
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Cash and Cash Equivalents
As of September 30, 2023, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $65.9 million. In addition, we have cash invested under the Investment Management Agreement (as described below) and a revolving credit facility with Westlake available to supplement cash if needed, as described under "Indebtedness" below.
In August 2017, the Partnership, OpCo and Westlake executed the Investment Management Agreement that authorizes Westlake to invest the Partnership's and OpCo's excess cash with Westlake for durations of up to a maximum of nine months. Per the terms of the Investment Management Agreement, the Partnership earns a market return plus five basis points and Westlake provides daily availability of the invested cash to meet any liquidity needs of the Partnership or OpCo. The Partnership had $84.4 million of cash invested under the Investment Management Agreement at September 30, 2023.
Indebtedness
OpCo Revolver
In connection with the IPO, OpCo entered into a $600.0 million revolving credit facility with an affiliate of Westlake, as amended in June 2017, September 2018 and July 2022 (the "OpCo Revolver") that may be used to fund growth projects and working capital needs. The OpCo Revolver is scheduled to mature on July 12, 2027. On July 12, 2022, OpCo entered into the Second Amendment (the "OpCo Revolver Amendment") to the OpCo Revolver. The OpCo Revolver Amendment, among other things, extended the maturity date to July 12, 2027 and provided for the replacement of the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") with the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York ("SOFR"). Borrowings under the OpCo Revolver bear interest at a variable rate of either (a) SOFR plus the Applicable Margin plus a 0.10% credit spread adjustment or, if SOFR is no longer available, (b) the Alternate Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin minus 1.0%. The Applicable Margin under the OpCo Revolver is 1.75%. As of September 30, 2023, outstanding borrowings under the OpCo Revolver totaled $22.6 million and bore interest at SOFR plus the Applicable Margin and credit spread adjustment, which is accrued in arrears quarterly.
MLP Revolver
In 2015, we entered into a senior, unsecured revolving credit agreement with an affiliate of Westlake, as amended in August and November 2017, March 2020 and July 2022 (the "MLP Revolver"). The MLP Revolver has a borrowing capacity of $600.0 million and is scheduled to mature on July 12, 2027. On July 12, 2022, the Partnership entered into the Fourth Amendment (the "MLP Revolver Amendment") to the MLP Revolver. The MLP Revolver Amendment, among other things, extended the maturity date to July 12, 2027 and provided for the replacement of LIBOR with SOFR as the reference rate. Borrowings under the MLP Revolver bear interest at a variable rate of either (a) SOFR plus the Applicable Margin plus a 0.10% credit spread adjustment or, if SOFR is no longer available, (b) the Alternate Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin minus 1.0%. The Applicable Margin under the MLP Revolver varies between 1.75% and 2.75%, depending on the Partnership's Consolidated Leverage Ratio. The MLP Revolver provides that we may pay all or a portion of the interest on any borrowings in kind, in which case any such amounts would be added to the principal amount of the loan. The MLP Revolver requires that we maintain a consolidated leverage ratio of either (1) during any one-year period following certain types of acquisitions (including acquisitions of additional interests in OpCo), 5.50:1.00 or less, or (2) during any other period, 4.50:1.00 or less. The MLP Revolver also contains certain other customary covenants. The repayment of borrowings under the MLP Revolver is subject to acceleration upon the occurrence of an event of default. As of September 30, 2023, outstanding borrowings under the MLP Revolver totaled $377.1 million and bore interest at SOFR plus the Applicable Margin and credit spread adjustment, which is accrued in arrears quarterly. We intend to use the MLP Revolver to purchase additional limited partnership interests in OpCo in the future, in the event OpCo desires to sell such additional interests to us, for other acquisitions and for general partnership purposes.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
None.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain of the statements contained in this report are forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this report that address activities, events or developments that we expect, project, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as "believes," "intends," "may," "should," "could," "anticipates," "expects," "will" or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategies or trends. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot give any assurances that these expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements relate to matters such as:
•the amount of ethane that we are able to process, which could be adversely affected by, among other things, operating difficulties;
•the volume of ethylene that we are able to sell;
•the price at which we are able to sell ethylene;
•industry market outlook, including prices and margins in third-party ethylene and co-products sales;
•widespread outbreak of an illness or any other communicable disease, or any other public health crisis;
•the impact of ongoing supply chain constraints caused by the conflicts in the Middle East and between Russia and Ukraine;
•the parties to whom we will sell ethylene and on what basis;
•volumes of ethylene that Westlake may purchase, in addition to the minimum commitment under the Ethylene Sales Agreement;
•timing, funding and results of capital expenditures;
•our intended quarterly distributions and the manner of making such distributions;
•our ability to meet our liquidity needs;
•timing of and amount of capital expenditures;
•our At-the-Market program and the use of any net proceeds from any sales under that program;
•our and OpCo's ability to extend our credit agreements with Westlake;
•potential loans from Westlake to OpCo to fund OpCo's expansion capital expenditures in the future;
•expected mitigation of exposure to commodity price fluctuations;
•turnaround activities and the variability of OpCo's cash flow;
•receipt of any buyer deficiency fee and Shortfall under the Ethylene Sales Agreement;
•compliance with present and future environmental regulations and costs associated with environmentally related penalties, capital expenditures, remedial actions and proceedings, including any new laws, regulations or treaties that may come into force to limit or control carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions or to address other issues of climate change;
•our ability to receive indemnification from Westlake for environmental and other losses; and
•effects of pending legal proceedings.
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We have based these statements on assumptions and analysis in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe were appropriate in the circumstances when the statements were made. Forward-looking statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties that could significantly impact expected results, and actual future results could differ materially from those described in such statements. These statements are subject to a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties, including those described under "Risk Factors" in the 2022 Form 10-K and the following:
•general economic and business conditions, including inflation, interest rates and possible recession;
•the cyclical nature of the chemical industry;
•the availability, cost and volatility of raw materials and energy;
•lower crude oil prices reducing the cost advantage of ethane-based ethylene producers;
•uncertainties associated with the United States and worldwide economies, including those due to political tensions and conflict in the Middle East and elsewhere, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine;
•uncertainties associated with pandemic infectious diseases;
•uncertainties associated with climate change;
•the potential impact on demand for ethylene due to initiatives such as recycling and customers seeking alternatives to polymers;
•current and potential governmental regulatory actions in the United States and regulatory actions and political unrest in other countries, including environmental regulations;
•industry production capacity and operating rates;
•the supply/demand balance for our products;
•competitive products and pricing pressures;
•instability in the credit and financial markets;
•access to capital markets;
•terrorist acts;
•operating interruptions (including leaks, explosions, fires, weather-related incidents, mechanical failure, unscheduled downtime, labor difficulties, transportation interruptions, spills and releases and other environmental risks);
•changes in laws or regulations;
•technological developments;
•information systems failures and cyberattacks;
•our ability to integrate acquired businesses;
•foreign currency exchange risks;
•our ability to implement our business strategies; and
•creditworthiness of our customers.
Many of these factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. Any of the factors, or a combination of these factors, could materially affect our future results of operations and the ultimate accuracy of the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of our future performance, and our actual results and future developments may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Management cautions against putting undue reliance on forward-looking statements or projecting any future results based on such statements or present or prior earnings levels. Every forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Commodity Price Risk
A substantial portion of the Partnership's products and raw materials are commodities whose prices fluctuate as market supply and demand fundamentals change. However, our direct exposure to commodity price risk is limited to approximately 5.0% of our total ethylene production, which is the portion sold to third parties. We believe we have substantially mitigated our indirect exposure to commodity price fluctuation during the term of the Ethylene Sales Agreement through the minimum purchase commitment and the cost-plus based pricing. Additionally, we may use derivative instruments to reduce price volatility risk on feedstocks and ethylene associated with the production and sales to third parties. We did not have any open derivative position at September 30, 2023.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk with respect to our outstanding debt, all of which is variable rate debt. At September 30, 2023, we had variable rate debt of $399.7 million outstanding, all of which was owed to wholly-owned subsidiaries of Westlake. On July 12, 2022, OpCo entered into the OpCo Revolver Amendment. The OpCo Revolver Amendment, among other things, provided for the replacement of LIBOR with SOFR as the reference rate. Borrowings under the OpCo Revolver bear interest at a variable rate of either (a) SOFR plus the Applicable Margin plus a 0.10% credit spread adjustment or, if SOFR is no longer available, (b) the Alternate Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin minus 1.0%. The Applicable Margin under the OpCo Revolver is 1.75%. On July 12, 2022, the Partnership entered into the MLP Revolver Amendment. The MLP Revolver Amendment, among other things, provided for the replacement of LIBOR with SOFR as the reference rate. Borrowings under the MLP Revolver bear interest at a variable rate of either (a) SOFR plus the Applicable Margin plus a 0.10% credit spread adjustment or, if SOFR is no longer available, (b) the Alternate Base Rate plus the Applicable Margin minus 1.0%. The Applicable Margin under the MLP Revolver varies between 1.75% and 2.75%, depending on the Partnership's Consolidated Leverage Ratio. The weighted average variable interest rate of our debt as of September 30, 2023 was 7.1%. We will continue to be subject to interest rate risk with respect to our variable rate debt as well as the risk of higher interest cost if and when this debt is refinanced. A hypothetical increase in our average interest rate on variable rate debt by 100 basis points would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $4.0 million, of which $3.8 million would relate to the MLP Revolver and $0.2 million would relate to the OpCo Revolver based on the September 30, 2023 debt balance.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective with respect to (i) the accumulation and communication to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we submit under the Exchange Act, and (ii) the recording, processing, summarizing and reporting of such information within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The 2022 Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2023, contained a description of various legal proceedings in which we are involved, including environmental proceedings. See Note 12 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for an updated discussion on legal proceedings, which information is incorporated by reference herein.
Under the Omnibus Agreement, certain subsidiaries of Westlake Corporation ("Westlake") have agreed to indemnify the Partnership for certain environmental and other liabilities relating to OpCo's processing facilities and related assets that occurred or existed prior to August 4, 2014.
In addition to the matters described above, the Partnership is also involved in other legal proceedings incidental to the conduct of its business. The Partnership does not believe that any of these legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
For a discussion of risk factors, please read Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in the 2022 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes from those risk factors.
Item 5. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangements. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, no director or officer of the Partnership's general partner adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit No.Exhibit
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
31.1†
31.2†
32.1#
101.INS†XBRL Instance Document–The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH†XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL†XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF†XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB†XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE†XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File - The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
_____________
†    Filed herewith.
#    Furnished herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
WESTLAKE CHEMICAL PARTNERS LP
Date:November 2, 2023By:
/S/    ALBERT CHAO        
Albert Chao
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of
Westlake Chemical Partners GP LLC
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:November 2, 2023By:
/S/    M. STEVEN BENDER        
M. Steven Bender
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and
Director of Westlake Chemical Partners GP LLC
(Principal Financial Officer)

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