Wilhelmina International, Inc. - Annual Report: 2022 (Form 10-K)

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain “forward-looking statements” as such term is defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements relating to Wilhelmina International, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries the “Company” or “Wilhelmina”) are based on the beliefs of the Company’s management as well as information currently available to the Company’s management. When used in this report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect” and “intend” and words or phrases of similar import, as they relate to the Company or Company management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include, in particular, projections about the Company’s future results, statements about its plans, strategies, business prospects, changes and trends in its business and the markets in which it operates. Additionally, statements concerning future matters such as gross billing levels, revenue levels, expense levels, and other statements regarding matters that are not historical are forward-looking statements. Management cautions that these forward-looking statements relate to future events or the Company’s future financial performance and are subject to business, economic, and other risks and uncertainties, both known and unknown, that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements of its business or its industry to be materially different from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements. Should any one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described herein as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected or intended. The Company does not undertake any obligation to publicly update these forward-looking statements. As a result, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

PART I

ITEM 1.         BUSINESS

DESCRIPTION OF THE WILHELMINA BUSINESS

Overview

The primary business of Wilhelmina is fashion model management. These business operations are headquartered in New York City. The Company’s predecessor was founded in 1967 by Wilhelmina Cooper, a renowned fashion model, and became one of the oldest, best known and largest fashion model management companies in the world. Since its founding, Wilhelmina has grown to include operations located in Los Angeles, Miami, and London, as well as a network of licensees. Wilhelmina provides traditional, full-service fashion model and talent management services, specializing in the representation and management of models, entertainers, athletes and other talent to various clients, including retailers, designers, advertising agencies, print and electronic media and catalog companies. The Company was incorporated in the State of Delaware in 1996.

Organization and Operating Divisions

The Company acquired the predecessor companies constituting its current primary business in 2008. The Company conducts its business through operating divisions and subsidiaries engaged in fashion model management and other complementary businesses. These business activities are focused on the following key areas:

Fashion Model and Social Media Influencer Management

Wilhelmina is focused on providing fashion modeling talent and social media influencer services to clients such as advertising agencies, branded consumer goods companies, fashion designers, Internet sites, retailers, department stores, product catalogs and magazine publications.

The fashion model/talent/influencer management industry can be divided into many subcategories, including advertising campaigns, catalog/e-commerce, runway, showroom and editorial work. Advertising work involves modeling for advertisements featuring consumer products such as cosmetics, clothing and other items to be placed in magazines and newspapers, on billboards and with other types of media. Catalog and e-commerce work involves modeling of products to be sold through promotional catalogs and Internet commerce sites. Runway work involves modeling at fashion shows, which primarily take place in Paris, Milan, London and New York City. Showroom work involves on-site modeling of products at client showrooms and other events and production “fit” work whereby a model serves as the sizing model for apparel items. Editorial work involves modeling for the cover and editorial sections of magazines and websites.  

Clients pay for talent to appear in photo shoots for Internet sites, magazine features, print advertising, direct mail marketing, and product catalogs, as well as to appear in runway shows to present new designer collections, fit modeling, and on-location presentations and events.  In addition, talent may also appear in film and television commercials. Wilhelmina develops and diversifies its talent portfolio through a combination of ongoing local, regional and international scouting and talent-search efforts to source new talent, as well as cooperating with other agencies that represent talent.

Within its fashion model management business, Wilhelmina’s primary source of service revenue is from model fees and services charges paid by the client for bookings directly negotiated by the Company. The Company also receives commissions paid on bookings by third-party agencies. Wilhelmina believes that its model fees, service charges and commission rates are competitive with those of its principal competitors.

Wilhelmina’s fashion model management operations are organized into divisions called “boards,” each of which specializes by the type of models it represents. Wilhelmina’s boards are generally described in the table below.

Each major board is headed by a director who manages the agents assigned to the board. The agents of each board act both as bookers (including promoting models, negotiating fees and contracting work) and as talent scouts/managers (including providing models with career and development guidance and helping them better market themselves). Although agents individually develop professional relationships with models, models are represented by a board collectively and not by a specific agent. Wilhelmina’s organization into boards enables Wilhelmina to provide clients with services tailored to their particular needs, to allow models to benefit from agents’ specialized experience in their particular markets, and to limit Wilhelmina’s dependency on any specialty market or agent.

Most senior agents are employed pursuant to employment agreements that include noncompetition provisions such as a prohibition from working with Wilhelmina’s models and clients for a certain period of time after the end of the agent’s employment with Wilhelmina. Wilhelmina typically signs its models to three-year exclusive contracts, which it actively enforces.

The Aperture division operates in New York, Los Angeles and Miami, representing actors and models, for film, television, and commercials. Aperture also represents influencers for brand campaigns and endorsements. 

Wilhelmina London Limited (“London”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Wilhelmina International, Inc., was acquired in January 2015. The London subsidiary establishes a footprint for the Company in Western Europe, provides a base of operations to service the Company’s European clients, and serves as a new talent development office for European models and artists.

Celebrity Management

Wilhelmina’s Celebrity division seeks to secure endorsement and spokesperson work for celebrities from the worlds of sports, music and entertainment. The Celebrity division has two primary sources of revenue: (i) commissions paid by talent as a percentage of their gross earnings; and (ii) royalties or a service charge paid by clients. Wilhelmina’s Celebrity division management works with emerging artists and established celebrity names to match them with leading fashion brands and companies.

Licensing & Branding Associations

Wilhelmina Licensing, LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary that collects third-party licensing fees in connection with the licensing of the “Wilhelmina” name. Third-party licensees include leading fashion model agencies in local markets in the U.S. and internationally. The film and television business consists of occasional television syndication royalties and production series contracts. Also, from time to time, the Company conducts other events, such as model search contests, in an effort to expand the Wilhelmina brand and recruit talent.

Competition

The fashion model/talent management business is highly competitive. New York City, Los Angeles, and Miami, as well as London, Paris, and Milan, are considered the most important markets for the fashion talent management industry.  Most of the leading international firms are headquartered in New York City. Wilhelmina’s principal competitors include other large fashion model management businesses in the U.S., including IMG Models, Elite Model Management, Ford Models, Inc., DNA Model Management, NEXT Model Management, The Lions Model Management, The Society Management, Women 360 Management, and New York Model Management. However, Wilhelmina is the only publicly-owned fashion talent management company in the world.

Competition also includes foreign agencies and smaller U.S. agencies in local markets that recruit local talent and cater to local market needs.  Several of the larger fashion talent firms operate offices in multiple cities and countries or have chosen to partner with local or foreign agencies.

The Company believes that its sources of revenue, mainly generated from commissions and service charges, are comparable to those of its principal competitors.  Therefore, for the Company to obtain a competitive advantage, it must develop and maintain a deep pool of talent and deliver high quality service to its clients.  The Company believes that through its scouting efforts, name recognition, and licensing network, it is able to recruit a deeper pool of talent relative to its competitors. These recruitment tools, coupled with the broad range of fashion boards available to the Company’s talent, enable the Company to develop talent and generate a broader range of revenues relative to its principal competitors. While a broad range of talent and boards provides a level of stability to the business, certain talent may be more inclined to work with a boutique agency that may appear to tailor more specifically to their needs.

For more than 55 years, Wilhelmina and its predecessors have created long-standing client relationships and business activities related to the fashion model management business that provide exposure to diverse markets and demographics. The Company has also developed a professional workforce with years of talent management experience.

Clients and Customers

As of December 31, 2022, Wilhelmina represented a roster of approximately 1,600 active models and talent. Wilhelmina’s active models include Karolína Kurková, Ana Maria Figueroa, Francisco Lachowski, Daniel Shin, Douglas Dillon, Fernando Cabral, Hella Tall, Asya Rosh, Yumi Nu, Francisco Henriques, Aubrey Hill, Astrid Voss, Elvina Patrick, Lamich Kirabo, Penny Lane, Kylie Lauren, Jessieann Lachowski, Africa Perez, Carmen Fozzard, Carla Pereira, Bojana Krsmanović, Cyrielle Lalande, Mitchell Slaggert, Anne de Paula, Jan Baiboon, Ottawa Efoe, Rainer Andreesen, Erik Van Gils, Kate King, Malik Lindo, Malcolm Jackson, Milena Feuerer, Haejin Lee, Moon Young, Isabela Grutman, Sabey Dantsira, Lauren Auerbach, Davidson Obennebo, Sasha Melnychuk, Armando Cabral, Jennae Quisenberry, Vanessa Cruz, Pure, Akito Mizutani, Mariana Dantec, Nayara Oliveira, Fernando Lindez, Dachuan Jin, Claudio Monteiro, and Nathan Owens.

Wilhelmina serves approximately 2,700 external clients. Wilhelmina’s customer base is highly diversified, with no one customer accounting for more than 3% of overall gross revenues. The top 100 clients of Wilhelmina together accounted for approximately 34.1% of overall gross revenues during 2022.

Governmental Regulations

Certain jurisdictions in which Wilhelmina operates, such as California and Florida, require that companies maintain a Talent Agency License in order to engage in the “talent agency” business. The talent agency business is generally considered the business of procuring engagements or any employment or placement of a talent, where the talent performs in his or her artistic capacity.  Where required, the Wilhelmina subsidiaries operating in these jurisdictions maintain Talent Agency Licenses issued by those jurisdictions.  

Trends and Opportunities

The Company expects that the combination of Wilhelmina’s main operating base in New York City, the industry’s capital, with the depth and breadth of its talent pool, client roster and its diversification across various talent management segments, together with its name recognition and geographical reach, should make Wilhelmina’s operations more resilient to industry changes and economic swings than those of many of the smaller firms operating in the industry. Similarly, in the segments where Wilhelmina competes with other leading full service agencies, Wilhelmina believes it competed successfully in 2022.  

With total advertising expenditures on major media (television, Internet, outdoor, cinema, magazines, and newspapers) estimated to have exceeded $280 billion in 2022, North America is the world’s largest advertising market.  For the fashion talent management industry, including Wilhelmina, advertising expenditures on television, Internet, magazines, and outdoor are of particular relevance.

Strategy

Management’s strategy is to increase value to shareholders through the following initiatives:

•         increase Wilhelmina’s brand awareness among advertisers and potential talent;

•         expand the women’s high end fashion board;

•         expand the Aperture division’s representation in commercials, film, and television;

•         expand celebrity and social media influencer representation;

•         expand the Wilhelmina network through strategic geographic market development; and

•         promote model search contests and events and partner on media projects (television, film, books, etc.).

The Company makes use of digital technology to effectively connect with clients and talent, utilizing video conferencing and other digital tools to best position our team to identify opportunities to grow the careers of the talent we represent and expand our business. The Company has made significant investments in technology, infrastructure, and personnel, to support our clients and talent. 

EMPLOYEES

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had 85 employees, 48 of whom were located in New York City, 10 of whom were located at Wilhelmina’s Miami office, 16 of whom were located at Wilhelmina’s Los Angeles office, 9 of whom were located at Wilhelmina’s London office and two of whom were located at the corporate headquarters in Dallas.

TRADEMARKS AND LICENSING

The “Wilhelmina” brand is essential to the success and competitive position of the Company. The “Wilhelmina” trademark is vital to the licensing business because licensees pay for the right to use the trademark. The Company has invested significant resources in the “Wilhelmina” brands in order to obtain the public recognition that these brands currently enjoy. Wilhelmina relies upon domestic and international trademark laws, license agreements and nondisclosure agreements to protect the “Wilhelmina” brand name used in its business. Trademarks registered in the U.S. have a duration of ten years and are generally subject to an indefinite number of renewals for a like period on continued use and appropriate application.

ITEM 1A.         RISK FACTORS

Not applicable to smaller reporting company.

ITEM 1B.         UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2.           PROPERTIES

The Company’s corporate headquarters are currently located at 5420 Lyndon B Johnson Freeway, Dallas, Texas 75240, which are also the offices of Newcastle Capital Management, L.P. (“NCM”).  NCM is the general partner of Newcastle Partners L.P. (“Newcastle”), the Company’s largest shareholder. The Company utilizes a portion of NCM’s facilities on a month-to-month basis at $2,500 per month, pursuant to a services agreement between the parties.

The following table summarizes information with respect to the material facilities of the Company for leased office space and model apartments:

On May 17, 2022, the Company entered into an Agreement of Lease with respect to approximately 7,847 square feet of office space comprising the 15^th Floor of 192 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York. In November 2022 the Company took possession of the premises with an initial term of 91 months.

ITEM 3.         LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

On October 24, 2013, a putative class action lawsuit was brought against the Company by former Wilhelmina model Alex Shanklin and others, including Louisa Raske, Carina Vretman, Grecia Palomares and Michelle Griffin Trotter (the “Shanklin Litigation”), in New York State Supreme Court (New York County) by the same lead counsel who represented plaintiffs in a prior, now-dismissed action brought by Louisa Raske (the “Raske Litigation”).  The claims in the Shanklin Litigation initially included breach of contract and unjust enrichment allegations arising out of matters similar to the Raske Litigation, such as the handling and reporting of funds on behalf of models and the use of model images.  Other parties named as defendants in the Shanklin Litigation included other model management companies, advertising firms, and certain advertisers.  On January 6, 2014, the Company moved to dismiss the Amended Complaint in the Shanklin Litigation for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted and other grounds, and other defendants also filed motions to dismiss.  On August 11, 2014, the court denied the motion to dismiss as to Wilhelmina and other of the model management defendants.  Separately, on March 3, 2014, the judge assigned to the Shanklin Litigation wrote the Office of the New York Attorney General bringing the case to its attention, generally describing the claims asserted therein against the model management defendants, and stating that the case “may involve matters in the public interest.” The judge’s letter also enclosed a copy of his decision in the Raske Litigation, which dismissed that case. 

Plaintiffs retained substitute counsel, who filed a Second and then Third Amended Complaint. Plaintiffs’ Third Amended Complaint asserts causes of action for alleged breaches of the plaintiffs' management contracts with the defendants, conversion, breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing, and unjust enrichment.  The Third Amended Complaint also alleges that the plaintiff models were at all relevant times employees, and not independent contractors, of the model management defendants, and that defendants violated the New York Labor Law in several respects, including, among other things, by allegedly failing to pay the models the minimum wages and overtime pay required thereunder, not maintaining accurate payroll records, and not providing plaintiffs with full explanations of how their wages and deductions therefrom were computed.  The Third Amended Complaint seeks certification of the action as a class action, damages in an amount to be determined at trial, plus interest, costs, attorneys’ fees, and such other relief as the court deems proper.  On October 6, 2015, Wilhelmina filed a motion to dismiss as to most of the plaintiffs’ claims.  The Court entered a decision granting in part and denying in part Wilhelmina’s motion to dismiss on May 26, 2017.  The Court (i) dismissed three of the five New York Labor Law causes of action, along with the conversion, breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing and unjust enrichment causes of action, in their entirety, and (ii) permitted only the breach of contract causes of action, and some plaintiffs’ remaining two New York Labor Law causes of action to continue, within a limited time frame.  The plaintiffs and Wilhelmina each appealed, and the decision was affirmed on May 24, 2018. On August 16, 2017, Wilhelmina timely filed its Answer to the Third Amended Complaint.

On June 6, 2016, another putative class action lawsuit was brought against the Company by former Wilhelmina model Shawn Pressley and others, including Roberta Little (the “Pressley Litigation”), in New York State Supreme Court (New York County) by the same counsel representing the plaintiffs in the Shanklin Litigation, and asserting identical, although more recent, claims as those in the Shanklin Litigation.  The Amended Complaint, asserting essentially the same types of claims as in the Shanklin action, was filed on August 16, 2017.  Wilhelmina filed a motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint on September 29, 2017, which was granted in part and denied in part on May 10, 2018.  Some New York Labor Law and contract claims remain in the case.  Pressley has withdrawn from the case, leaving Roberta Little as the sole remaining named plaintiff in the Pressley Litigation.  On July 12, 2019, the Company filed its Answer and Counterclaim against Little.

On May 1, 2019, the Plaintiffs in the Shanklin Litigation (except Raske) and the Pressley Litigation filed motions for class certification on their contract claims and the remaining New York Labor Law Claims. On July 12, 2019, Wilhelmina filed its opposition to the motions for class certification and filed a cross-motion for summary judgment against Shanklin, Vretman, Palomares, Trotter and Little, and a motion for summary judgment against Raske. 

By Order dated May 8, 2020 (the “Class Certification Order”), the Court denied class certification in the Pressley case, denied class certification with respect to the breach of contract and alleged unpaid usage claims, granted class certification as to the New York Labor Law causes of action asserted by Vretman, Palomares and Trotter, and declined to rule on Wilhelmina’s motions for summary judgment, denying them without prejudice to be re-filed at a later date. Currently the parties are engaging in merits discovery.

The Company believes the claims asserted in the Shanklin Litigation and Pressley Litigation are without merit and intends to continue to vigorously defend the actions. Nonetheless, an adverse outcome in either case is at least reasonably possible. However, the Company is presently unable to reasonably estimate the amount or range of possible loss in either case. Therefore, no amount has been accrued as of December 31, 2022 related to these matters.

In addition to the legal proceedings disclosed herein, the Company is also engaged in various legal proceedings that are routine in nature and incidental to its business. None of these routine proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, are believed likely, in the Company's opinion, to have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position or its results of operations.

ITEM 4.         MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5.         MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

The Company’s $0.01 par value common stock has traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “WHLM” since September 2014. Previously, the common stock was quoted in the over-the-counter market on the OTC Bulletin Board. As of March 22, 2023 there were 5,157,344 shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding held by 435 holders of record.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information with respect to the Company’s equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2022:

Additional information regarding equity compensation can be found in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Issuer Repurchases

During 2012, the Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program whereby the Company could repurchase up to 500,000 shares of its outstanding common stock. During 2013, the Board of Directors renewed and extended the Company’s share repurchase authority to enable it to repurchase up to an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of common stock. In 2016, the Board of Directors increased by an additional 500,000 shares the number of shares of the Company’s common stock which may be repurchased under its stock repurchase program to an aggregate of 1,500,000 shares. The shares may be repurchased from time to time in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions at prices the Company deems appropriate. The program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be modified or suspended at any time at the Company’s discretion. The Company did not make any purchases pursuant to the stock repurchase program during the quarter ended December 31, 2022.

Dividend Policy

The Company has not declared or paid any cash dividends on its common stock during the past two completed fiscal years, but may decide to do so in the future depending on an evaluation of the Company’s cash needs and best uses of shareholders’ capital. 

ITEM 6.         RESERVED

ITEM 7.         MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following is a discussion of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations comparing the calendar years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. This section should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto that are incorporated herein by reference and the other financial information included herein and the notes thereto.

OVERVIEW

The Company’s primary business is fashion model management and complementary business activities. The business of talent management firms, such as Wilhelmina, depends heavily on the state of the advertising industry, as demand for talent is driven by digital, mobile, print and television advertising campaigns for consumer goods, e-commerce, and retail clients. Wilhelmina believes it has strong brand recognition, which enables it to attract and retain top agents and talent to service a broad universe of clients. In order to take advantage of these opportunities and support its continued growth, the Company will need to continue to successfully allocate resources and staffing in a way that enhances its ability to respond to new opportunities. The Company continues to focus on tightly managing costs, recruiting top agents, and scouting and developing talent.

Although Wilhelmina has a large and diverse client base, it is not immune to global economic conditions, such as the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company closely monitors economic conditions, client spending, and other industry factors and continually evaluates opportunities to increase the market share of its existing boards and further expand its geographic reach. There can be no assurance as to the effects on Wilhelmina of future economic circumstances, technological developments, client spending patterns, client creditworthiness and other developments and whether, or to what extent, Wilhelmina’s efforts to respond to them will be effective.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OF THE COMPANY FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021

In addition to net income, the key financial indicators that the Company reviews to monitor its business are revenues, operating expenses and cash flows.

The Company analyzes revenue by reviewing the mix of revenues generated by the different boards, by geographic locations and from significant clients. Wilhelmina’s primary sources of revenue include service revenues from the provision of model and talent services and licensing fees from third-party agencies licensing the use of the “Wilhelmina” trademark. Service revenues are primarily derived from talent fees and services charges paid by the client for bookings directly negotiated by the Company, which are recognized as revenues when earned and collectability is reasonably assured. Wilhelmina also receives commissions paid on bookings by third-party agencies which are recognized when earned and collectability is reasonably assured. See “Critical Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition.

Wilhelmina provides professional services. Therefore, salary and service costs represent the largest part of the Company’s operating expenses. Salary and service costs are comprised of payroll and related costs and travel, meals and entertainment (“T&E”) to deliver the Company’s services and to enable new business development activities.

Analysis of Consolidated Statements of Income

Supplemental Non-GAAP Information

See pages 14 to 15 for a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable GAAP financial measures and for other important information.

Service Revenues

The Company’s service revenues fluctuate in response to its clients’ willingness to spend on advertising and the Company’s ability to have the desired talent available. The revenue increase of 10.5% for the year ended December 31, 2022, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, was primarily due to increased bookings as the cities where Wilhelmina operates reopened and business activity increased as COVID-19 pandemic restrictions were moderated or rescinded.

License Fees and Other Income

License fees and other income include franchise revenues from independently owned model agencies that use the Wilhelmina trademark and various services provided by the Company. License fees decreased by 9.1% for the year ended December 31, 2022, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to the timing of income from licensing agreements.

Salaries and Service Costs

Salaries and service costs consist of payroll related costs and travel and entertainment expenses required to deliver the Company’s services to its clients and talents. The 26.2% increase in salaries and service costs for the year ended December 31, 2022, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, was primarily due to temporary reductions in staff salaries in the prior year, which returned to full salary in July 2021 as well as personnel hires and payroll changes to better align Wilhelmina staffing with the needs of each office and geographical region.

Office and General Expenses

Office and general expenses consist of office and equipment rents, advertising and promotion, insurance expenses, administration and technology cost.  During the year ended December 31, 2022, office and general expenses increased 6.6% when compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to increased legal expense and rent expense, partially offset by decreased computer expense, utilities, and other office expenses.

Amortization and Depreciation

Amortization and depreciation expense is incurred with respect to certain assets, including computer hardware, software, office equipment, furniture and finance leases. Amortization and depreciation expense decreased by 77.4% for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to reduced depreciation of assets that became fully amortized in 2021. Fixed asset purchases (mostly related to furniture, leasehold improvements, and computer equipment) totaled approximately $268 thousand in 2022 and $19 thousand in 2021.

Cybersecurity Incident Expenses

In November 2021, the Company determined that it had recently been the victim of criminal fraud known to law enforcement authorities as “business e-mail compromise fraud” which involved employee e-mail impersonation and fraudulent payment requests targeting the finance department of a division of the Company. The fraud resulted in unauthorized transfers of funds aggregating approximately $0.7 million, as well as approximately $10 thousand of professional service fees to address the fraud, of which the Company recovered $0.2 million. As a result, the Company recorded a charge of $0.6 million in 2021 within operating expenses on the consolidated statements of income.

Corporate Overhead

Corporate overhead expenses include director and executive officer compensation, corporate legal, audit and professional fees, corporate office rent, and travel. Corporate overhead increased by 21.9% for the year ended December 31, 2022, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to costs related to the filing of two SEC restatement filings in December 2022, temporary reduction in fees paid to corporate employees and the Company’s directors in the prior year that returned to full fee in July 2021, and the timing of audit costs incurred earlier than in the prior year.  

Operating Income and Operating Margin

Operating income was $2.4 million and operating margin was 13.6% for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to operating income of $2.2 million and operating margin of 13.4% for the year ended December 31, 2021. These improvements were primarily the result of increased revenue outpacing the increase in operating expenses.

Foreign Currency Loss

The Company realized a gain of $164 thousand from foreign currency exchange during the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to a loss of $80 thousand from foreign currency exchange during the year ended December 31, 2021. Foreign currency gain and loss is due to fluctuations in currencies from Great Britain, Europe, and Latin America.

Gain on Forgiveness of Loan

During 2021, the Company received notice from the SBA that $2.0 million of loans under the PPP were forgiven. The Company recorded these gains on forgiveness of loans during 2021.

Employee Retention Credit

During 2021, the Company was eligible for a one-time employee retention payroll tax credit as a refundable credit against certain employment taxes of up to $7,000 per employee. The Company recorded $1.3 million of employee retention credit income during 2021.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was primarily attributable to accrued interest on term loans drawn during 2016 and 2018 and on finance leases. Interest expense decreased in 2022 due to the repayment of the balance on the Amegy term loan in August 2021. See, “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Income before Income Taxes

Income before income taxes decreased to $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to a gain of $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The higher pre-tax income in 2021 was primarily due to the gain on forgiveness of PPP loans and employee retention credit income.

Income Taxes

Generally, the Company’s combined effective tax rate is high relative to reported net income as a result of foreign taxes, and income being attributable to certain states in which it operates. The Company operates in three states, which have relatively high tax rates: California, New York, and Florida. In addition, foreign taxes in the United Kingdom related to our London office are not deductible for U.S. federal taxes. In 2021, the effective tax rate was lower due to PPP loan forgiveness, which was not subject to income tax. The Company had income tax benefit of $1.0 million in 2022 compared to $0.8 million of income tax expense in 2021.

The income tax benefit in 2022 was primarily the result of the full release of a previous $1.5 million valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. In connection with its assessment for 2022, management determined that there was sufficient evidence to conclude that it was more likely than not that all deferred tax assets were realizable. This evidence included three years of cumulative pretax income, excluding nonrecurring items. The Company will continue to assess the evidence used to determine the need for a valuation allowance and may reinstate the valuation allowance in future periods if warranted by changes in estimated future income and other factors.

Net Income

The Company had net income of $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to net income of $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. In 2022, the net income was significantly impacted by the release of the valuation allowance on the Company’s deferred tax assets. In 2021, the net income was significantly impacted by the gain on forgiveness of PPP loans and employee retention payroll tax credits.

Gross Billings

Gross billings is a non-GAAP financial measure that represents the gross amount billed to customers on behalf of its clients (models and talent) for services performed.  Gross billings increased 18% for the year ended December 31, 2022, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2021, primarily due to increased bookings as the cities where Wilhelmina operates reopened and business activity increased as COVID-19 pandemic restrictions were moderated or rescinded.  See pages 14 to 15 for more information regarding non-GAAP financial measures.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s cash balance increased to $12.0 million at December 31, 2021 from $10.3 million at December 31, 2021. The cash balance increased primarily as a result of $2.4 million net cash provided by operating activities partially offset by $0.3 million cash used in investing activities, $0.1 million cash used in financing activities, and the $0.4 million adverse effect of exchange rate on cash flow.

Net cash provided by operating activities of $2.5 million was primarily the result of net income and increases in amounts due to models and accounts payable and accrued liabilities, partially offset by increases in accounts receivable and other assets and decreases in deferred income tax liabilities and contract liabilities. The $0.3 million cash used in investing activities was attributable to purchases of property and equipment, including furniture, leasehold improvements, and software and computer equipment. The $0.1 million of cash used in financing activities was primarily attributable to payments on finance leases.

The Company’s primary liquidity needs are for working capital associated with performing services under its client contracts. Generally, the Company incurs significant operating expenses with payment terms shorter than its average collections on billings. Based on budgeted and year-to-date cash flow information, management believes that the Company has sufficient liquidity to meet its projected operational expenses and capital expenditure requirements for the next twelve months and beyond.

Amegy Bank Credit Agreement

The Company previously had a credit agreement with Amegy Bank which provided a $3.0 million revolving line of credit, subject to a borrowing base derived from 80% of eligible accounts receivable (as defined) and the Company’s minimum net worth covenant. The revolving line of credit bore interest at prime plus 0.50% payable monthly. The revolving line of credit expired October 24, 2022.

On July 16, 2018, the Company amended its credit agreement with Amegy Bank to provide for a term loan of up to $1.0 million that could be drawn by the Company through July 12, 2019, for the purpose of repurchases of its common stock. On August 1, 2018, the Company drew $0.7 million of the additional term loan and used the proceeds to fund the purchase of 100,000 shares of its common stock in a private transaction. On December 12, 2018, the Company drew $0.3 million of the additional term loan and used the proceeds to partially fund a purchase of 50,000 shares of its common stock in a private transaction. On August 31, 2021, the Company prepaid, without penalty, the $0.6 million remaining balance of the additional term loan. As of December 31, 2022, there was no outstanding balance on the term loan.

Paycheck Protection Program Loans

On April 15, 2020, Wilhelmina International, Ltd. (the “Borrower”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, executed a Business Loan Agreement and a Promissory Note each dated April 13, 2020 (collectively, the “Sub PPP Loan Documents”), with respect to a loan in the amount of $1.8 million (the “Sub PPP Loan”) from Amegy Bank. The Sub PPP Loan was obtained pursuant to the federal Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”). The Sub PPP Loan originally matured on April 13, 2022 and bore interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum. As allowed under the Paycheck Protection Flexibility Act, the Sub PPP Loan was extended to mature on April 13, 2025. On March 27, 2021, the Company received notice from the SBA that the Sub PPP loan, including $17 thousand accrued interest, had been fully forgiven, resulting in $1.9 million of gain on forgiveness of loan recorded within other (income) expenses during the quarter ended March 31, 2021.

On April 18, 2020, the Company executed a Business Loan Agreement and a Promissory Note each dated April 17, 2020 (collectively, the “Parent PPP Loan Documents”), with respect to a loan in the amount of $128 thousand (the “Parent PPP Loan”) from Amegy Bank. The Parent PPP Loan was also obtained pursuant to the PPP. The Parent PPP Loan originally matured on April 17, 2022 and bore interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum. As allowed under the Paycheck Protection Flexibility Act, the Parent PPP Loan was extended to mature on April 17, 2025. On April 3, 2021, the Company received notice from the SBA that the Parent PPP Loan, including $1 thousand accrued interest, had been fully forgiven, resulting in $0.1 million of gain on forgiveness of loan recorded within other (income) expense during the quarter ended June 30, 2021. Under the PPP, the SBA reserves the right to audit any PPP loan forgiveness application for a period of six years from the date of loan forgiveness.

Important Information Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The Company reports its financial results in accordance with GAAP. However, management believes that certain non-GAAP financial measures provide users of the Company's financial information with additional useful information in evaluating operating performance. The Company considers Gross Billings, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Pre-Corporate EBITDA to be important measures of performance because they are key operating metrics of the Company's business, are used by management in its planning and budgeting processes and to monitor and evaluate its financial and operating results and provide stockholders and potential investors with a means to evaluate the Company's financial and operating results against other companies within the Company's industry. 

Gross Billings represents the gross amount billed to customers on behalf of its models and talent for services performed. The Company calculates Gross Billings as total revenue plus model costs, which includes amounts owed to talent, including taxes required to be withheld and remitted directly to taxing authorities, commissions owed to other agencies, and related costs such as those paid for photography. The Company calculates EBITDA as net income plus interest expense, income tax expense, and depreciation and amortization expense. The Company calculates “Adjusted EBITDA” as EBITDA plus foreign exchange gain/loss, share-based payment expense and certain significant non-recurring items that the Company may include from time to time. For 2021, these non-recurring items represented gain on forgiveness of PPP loans, employee retention payroll tax credit, and cybersecurity incident expenses. The Company calculates “Pre-Corporate EBITDA” as Adjusted EBITDA plus corporate overhead expense, which includes director compensation, securities laws compliance costs, audit and professional fees, and other public company costs.

Non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed as supplementing, and not as an alternative or substitute for, the Company's financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Certain of the items that may be excluded or included in non-GAAP financial measures may be significant items that could impact the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows and should therefore be considered in assessing the Company's actual and future financial condition and performance. The methods used by the Company to calculate its non-GAAP financial measures may differ significantly from methods used by other companies to compute similar measures. As a result, any non-GAAP financial measures presented herein may not be comparable to similar measures provided by other companies.

Gross Billings

The following is a tabular reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure Gross Billings to GAAP total revenues, which the Company believes to be the most comparable GAAP measure

Model costs include amounts owed to talent, including taxes required to be withheld and remitted directly to taxing authorities, commissions owed to other agencies, and related costs such as those paid for photography.

EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Pre-Corporate EBITDA

The following is a tabular reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Pre-Corporate EBITDA to GAAP net income, which the Company believes to be the most comparable GAAP measure

(1) Non-recurring items include gain on forgiveness of loans, employee retention credit and cybersecurity incident expenses during 2021

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting practices in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs, and expenses and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. In many instances, we could have reasonably used different accounting estimates, and in other instances, changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be affected.

The following items require significant estimation or judgement. For additional information about our accounting policies, refer to “Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the audited consolidated financial statements included herewith.

Revenue Recognition

The Company has adopted the requirements of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASC 606”). ASC 606 establishes a principle for recognizing revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the expected consideration received in exchange for those goods or services.

Our revenues are derived primarily from fashion model bookings, and representation of social media influencers and actors for commercials, film, and television. Our performance obligations are primarily satisfied at a point in time when the talent has completed the contractual requirements.

A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The performance obligations for most of the Company’s core modeling bookings are satisfied on the day of the event, and the “day rate” total fee is agreed in advance when the customer books the model for a particular date. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative standalone selling price.

We report service revenues on a net basis, which represents gross amounts billed net of amounts owed to talent, including taxes required to be withheld and remitted directly to taxing authorities, commissions owed to other agencies, and related costs such as those paid for photography. The Company typically enters into contractual agreements with models under which the Company is obligated to pay talent upon collection of fees from the customer.

Although service revenues are reported on a net basis, accounts receivable are recorded at the amount of gross amounts billed to customers, inclusive of model costs. As a result, both accounts receivable and amounts due to models appear large relative to total revenue.

Amounts billed that have not yet met the applicable revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue within accrued expenses and the related talent costs are recorded as contract liability.

Share Based Compensation

Share-based compensation expense is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value as calculated by the Black-Scholes option pricing model and is recognized on a straight line basis as an expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. The determination of the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using an option pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include the estimated volatility over the expected term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rates, estimated forfeitures and expected dividends.

Income Taxes

We are subject to income taxes in the United States, the United Kingdom, and numerous local jurisdictions.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax losses, unused tax credits, and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Unused tax loss carry-forwards are reviewed at each reporting date and a valuation allowance is established if it is doubtful we will generate sufficient future taxable income to utilize the loss carry-forwards.

In determining the amount of current and deferred income tax, we take into account whether additional taxes, interest, or penalties may be due. Although we believe that we have adequately reserved for our income taxes, we can provide no assurance that the final tax outcome will not be materially different. To the extent that the final tax outcome is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will affect the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made and could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are accounted for at net realizable value, do not bear interest and are short-term in nature. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability to collect on accounts receivable. Based on management’s assessment, the Company provides for estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to the allowance.  Balances that remain outstanding after the Company has used reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the allowance and a credit to accounts receivable.  The Company generally does not require collateral.

Although service revenues are reported on a basis net of model costs, accounts receivable are recorded at the amount of gross amounts billed to customers inclusive of model costs. As a result, both accounts receivable and amounts due to models appear large relative to total revenue.

Goodwill and Intangible Asset Impairment Testing

The Company performs impairment testing at least annually and more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The Company sometimes utilizes an independent valuation specialist to assist with the determination of fair value. In accordance with ASU 2017-03, effective January 1, 2020, only a one-step quantitative impairment test is performed, whereby a goodwill impairment loss will be measured as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill.

Whenever events or circumstances change, entities have the option to first make a qualitative evaluation about the likelihood of goodwill impairment. If impairment is deemed more likely than not, management would perform the goodwill impairment test. Otherwise, the goodwill impairment test is not required. In assessing the qualitative factors, the Company assesses relevant events and circumstances that may impact the fair value and the carrying amount of the reporting unit. The identification of relevant events and circumstances and how these may impact a reporting unit’s fair value or carrying amount involve significant judgments and assumptions. The judgment and assumptions include the identification of macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, overall financial performance, Company specific events and share price trends, an assessment of whether each relevant factor will impact the impairment test positively or negatively, and the magnitude of any such impact.

The Company evaluates indefinite lived trademark and trade name intangible assets for impairment using the relief from royalty method.  This valuation approach requires that the Company make a number of assumptions to estimate fair value, including projections of future revenues, royalty rates, tax rates, discount rates, and other relevant variables.  The projections in this model are updated annually and will change over time based on historical performance and changing business conditions.  If the carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value, an impairment charge would be recognized for the excess amount. 

ITEM 7A.         QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable to smaller reporting company.

ITEM 8.           FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The consolidated financial statements of the Company and the related report of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm thereon are included in this report at the pages indicated.

ITEM 9.           CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A.         CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on their evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, with the participation of the Company’s management, have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2022, to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (b) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f).  Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021 based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework 2013 issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022. 

Remediation of Material Weakness

As discussed in the Company’s restated Annual Report on Form 10-K/A (Amendment No. 1) for the period ended December 31, 2021 and restated Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A (Amendment No. 1) for the period ended September 30, 2022, the Company’s management previously determined that a material weakness existed in its internal control over financial reporting relating to the prior interpretation of GAAP that service revenues should be reported on a gross basis rather than a net basis.

During the fourth quarter of 2022, management addressed the control deficiency by implementing a remediation plan, including new training of key accounting staff on technical accounting topics, updated documentation requirements, and increased review of new and changes in accounting standards between the Company’s management and the audit committee of the Board of Directors.  As a result of these changes and subsequent review and testing, management has concluded that the previously reported material weakness has been remediated.

ITEM 9B.         OTHER INFORMATION

None.         

ITEM 9C.         DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

None.         

PART III

ITEM 10.         DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information required by Item 10 is incorporated by reference from the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.

ITEM 11.         EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference from the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.

ITEM 12.         SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference from the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.

ITEM 13.         CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference from the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.

ITEM 14.         PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by Item 14 is incorporated by reference from the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.

PART IV

ITEM 15.         EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) Documents Filed as Part of Report

The consolidated financial statements of the Company and the related report of the Company’s independent public accountants thereon have been filed under Item 8 hereof.

The information required by this item is not applicable.

The exhibits listed below are filed as part of or incorporated by reference in this report.  

*         Includes compensatory plan or arrangement.

ITEM 16.         FORM 10-K SUMMARY

Not applicable.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on the 22nd day of March, 2023.

WILHELMINA INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands, except share data) 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

WILHELMINA INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands, except per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.         

WILHELMINA INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

WILHELMINA INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

WILHELMINA INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021

Note 1.  Business Activity

Overview

The primary business of Wilhelmina International, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “Wilhelmina” or the “Company”) is fashion model management. These business operations are headquartered in New York City. The Company’s predecessor was founded in 1967 by Wilhelmina Cooper, a renowned fashion model, and became one of the oldest, best known and largest fashion model management companies in the world. Since its founding, Wilhelmina has grown to include operations located in Los Angeles, Miami, and London, as well as a network of licensees. Wilhelmina provides traditional, full-service fashion model and talent management services, specializing in the representation and management of models, entertainers, athletes and other talent, to various clients, including retailers, designers, advertising agencies, print and electronic media and catalog companies.

Note 2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The following is a summary of significant policies used in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Wilhelmina and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Revenue Recognition

The Company has adopted the requirements of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASC 606”). ASC 606 establishes a principle for recognizing revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the expected consideration received in exchange for those goods or services.

Under the revenue standard, the Company recognizes revenues when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Company recognizes revenues following the five-step model prescribed under ASU No. 2014-09: (i) identify contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenues when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation.

Service Revenues

Our service revenues are derived primarily from fashion model bookings and representation of social media influencers and actors for commercials, film, and television. Revenues from services are recognized net of amounts owed to model talent, including taxes required to be withheld and remitted directly to taxing authorities, commissions owed to other agencies, and related costs such as those paid for photography, when the customer obtains control of the Company’s product, which occurs at a point in time, typically when the talent has completed the contractual requirement. The Company expenses incremental costs of obtaining a contract as and when incurred because the expected amortization period of the asset that it would have recognized is one year or less or the amount is immaterial. Our performance obligations are primarily satisfied at a point in time when the talent has completed the contractual requirements.

A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The performance obligations for most of the Company’s core modeling bookings are satisfied on the day of the event, and the “day rate” total fee is agreed in advance, when the customer books the model for a particular date. For contracts with multiple performance obligations (which are typically all satisfied within 1 to 3 days), we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative standalone selling price.

Wilhelmina operates broadly as a modeling and talent agency. The models and talent represented by the Company have discretion in agreeing to the price for a photoshoot or other service and may decline any job opportunity for any reason. After bookings are arranged by the Company, models and talent provide their personal services directly to the Company’s clients. The Company charges commissions to both models/talent and customers, which is a fixed percentage of the billing rate for the model or talent. Based on these and other factors, the Company acts as an agent in the service transaction and, therefore, reports service revenues on a basis net of pass-through model or talent cost.

Although service revenues are reported on a net basis, accounts receivable are recorded at the amount of gross amounts billed to customers, inclusive of model costs. As a result, both accounts receivable and amounts due to models appear large relative to total revenue.

Service revenues from international sales accounted for 7.8% and 12.1% of the Company’s consolidated services revenues for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

License Fees

License fees, in connection with the licensing of the “Wilhelmina” name, are collected on a quarterly basis under the terms of Wilhelmina’s agreements with licensees. The Company recognizes revenue relating to license fees where payment is deemed to be probable, over the license period.

Contract Assets

Contract assets, which primarily relate to the Company’s right to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date are included within accounts receivable and approximated $1.9 million and $0.8 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Advances to Models

Advances to models for the cost of initial portfolios and other out-of-pocket costs, which are reimbursable only from collections from the Company’s clients as a result of future work, are expensed to model costs as incurred net of such costs that are expected to be recouped.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes. Accounting estimates and assumptions discussed herein are those that management considers to be the most critical to an understanding of the consolidated financial statements because they inherently involve significant judgments and uncertainties. Estimates are used for, but not limited to revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives for depreciation and amortization, income taxes, the assumptions used for share-based compensation, and impairments of goodwill and intangible assets. All of these estimates reflect management’s judgment about current economic and market conditions and their effects based on information available as of the date of these consolidated financial statements. If such conditions persist longer or deteriorate further than expected, it is reasonably possible that the judgments and estimates could change, which may result in future impairments of assets among other effects.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of December 31, 2022, the Company held cash in banks of $12.0 million. The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Accounts receivable are accounted for at net realizable value, do not bear interest and are short-term in nature. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability to collect on accounts receivable. Based on management’s assessment, the Company provides for estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to the allowance. At December 31, 2022, the Company had an allowance of $1.7 million, and recorded a $0.2 million bad debt charge to earnings. Balances that remain outstanding after the Company has used reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the allowance and a credit to accounts receivable.  The Company generally does not require collateral.

Although service revenues are reported on a basis net of model costs, accounts receivable are recorded at the amount of gross amounts billed to customers inclusive of model costs. As a result, both accounts receivable and amounts due to models appear large relative to total revenue.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The balance sheet items that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are primarily cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable.  The Company maintains its cash balances in several different financial institutions in New York, Los Angeles, Miami, and London. Balances in accounts other than “noninterest-bearing transaction accounts” are insured up to Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) limits of $250 thousand per institution. At December 31, 2022, the Company had cash balances in excess of FDIC insurance coverage of approximately $7.1 million. Balances in London accounts are covered by Financial Services Compensation Scheme (“FSCS”) limits of £75 thousand or approximately $0.1 million per institution. At December 31, 2022, the Company had cash balances in excess of FSCS coverage of approximately $3.7 million. Concentrations of credit risk with accounts receivable are mitigated by the Company’s large number of clients and their dispersion across different industries and geographical areas. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its clients and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon the expected collectability of all accounts receivable.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization, based upon the shorter of the estimated useful lives (ranging from two to seven years) of the assets or terms of the leases, are computed by use of the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized based upon the shorter of the terms of the leases or asset lives. When property and equipment are retired or sold, the cost and accumulated depreciation and amortization are eliminated from the related accounts and gains or losses, if any, are reflected in the consolidated statement of operations.

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If it is determined that impairment has occurred, the amount of the impairment is charged to operations. No such events or changes in circumstances were noted for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price in a business combination over the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. The Company’s intangible assets other than goodwill consist of trademarks and trade name.  Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are not subject to amortization, but rather to an annual assessment of impairment by applying a fair-value based test. A significant amount of judgment is required in estimating fair value and performing goodwill impairment tests.  

There were no changes to the $7.5 million carrying amount of goodwill during 2021 or 2022. There were no changes to the carrying amount of $8.5 million trademarks and trade names intangible assets during 2021 or 2022.

No asset impairment charges were incurred relating to the Company’s goodwill or intangible assets during 2021 and 2022.

The process of estimating the fair value of goodwill is subjective and requires the Company to make estimates that may significantly impact the outcome of the analysis. A qualitative assessment considers events and circumstances such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, and overall financial performance. If after performing this assessment, the Company concludes it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the Company performs the quantitative test. Under the quantitative test, a goodwill impairment is identified by comparing the fair value to the carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, goodwill is considered impaired and an impairment charge is recognized in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill.

At least annually, the Company assesses whether the carrying value of its goodwill and intangible assets exceeds their fair value and, if necessary, records an impairment loss equal to any such excess. Declines in the Company’s stock price could result in future goodwill impairment charges. The Company sometimes utilizes an independent valuation specialist to assist with the determination of fair value. Each interim reporting period, the Company assesses whether events or circumstances have occurred which indicate that the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value. If the carrying amount of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an asset impairment charge will be recognized in an amount equal to that excess. No such events or changes in circumstances were noted for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Due to Models

Due to models represents the liability for amounts owed to talent for jobs that have taken place, but where the model or talent fee has not yet been paid, typically due to the Company awaiting receipt of payment from the customer. The due to model liabilities are accrued in the period in which the event takes place consistent with when the revenue is recognized. The Company’s contractual agreements with models typically condition payment to talent after the collection of fees from the customer.

Although service revenues are reported on a basis net of model costs, accounts receivable are recorded at the amount of gross amounts billed to customers inclusive of model costs. As a result, both accounts receivable and amounts due to models appear large relative to total revenue.

Contract Liabilities

We record deferred revenue, which is a contract liability, when we have entered into a contract with a customer and cash payments are received prior to satisfaction of the related performance obligation.

Advertising

The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense, included in office and general expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, was $22 thousand and $11 thousand in the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax base and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company continually assesses the need for a tax valuation allowance based on all available information.

Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements requires a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Also, consideration should be given to de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. Tax positions are subject to change in the future, as a number of years may elapse before a particular matter for which an established reserve is audited and finally resolved. Federal tax returns for tax years 2019 through 2021 remained open for examination as of December 31, 2022.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company utilizes share-based awards as a form of compensation for certain officers. The Company records compensation expense for all awards granted. The Company uses the Black-Scholes valuation model and straight-line amortization of compensation expense over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the grants.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company has adopted the provisions of ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements” (“ASC 820”), for financial assets and financial liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP, and expands disclosure about fair value measurements. ASC 820 applies to all financial instruments that are being measured and reported on a fair value basis. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in valuation methodologies into the following three levels:

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13 “Financial Instruments -Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss impairment model with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to determine credit loss estimates. The Company believes the primary impact of ASU 2016-13 will relate to the Company’s assessment of its allowance of doubtful accounts on trade receivables. The guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2023, and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 3.  Debt

The Company previously had a credit agreement with Amegy Bank which provided a $3.0 million revolving line of credit, subject to a borrowing base derived from 80% of eligible accounts receivable (as defined) and the Company’s minimum net worth covenant. The revolving line of credit bore interest at prime plus 0.50% payable monthly. The revolving line of credit expired October 24, 2022.

On July 16, 2018, the Company amended its credit agreement with Amegy Bank to provide for a term loan of up to $1.0 million that could be drawn by the Company through July 12, 2019, for the purpose of repurchases of its common stock. On August 1, 2018, the Company drew $0.7 million of the additional term loan and used the proceeds to fund the purchase of 100,000 shares of its common stock in a private transaction. On December 12, 2018, the Company drew $0.3 million of the additional term loan and used the proceeds to partially fund a purchase of 50,000 shares of its common stock in a private transaction. On August 31, 2021, the Company prepaid, without penalty, the $0.6 million remaining balance of the additional term loan. As of December 31, 2022, there was no outstanding balance on the term loan.

On April 15, 2020, Wilhelmina International, Ltd. (the “Borrower”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, executed a Business Loan Agreement and a Promissory Note each dated April 13, 2020 (collectively, the “Sub PPP Loan Documents”), with respect to a loan in the amount of $1.8 million (the “Sub PPP Loan”) from Amegy Bank. The Sub PPP Loan was obtained pursuant to the federal Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”). The Sub PPP Loan originally matured on April 13, 2022 and bore interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum. As allowed under the Paycheck Protection Flexibility Act, the Sub PPP Loan was extended to mature on April 13, 2025. On March 27, 2021, the Company received notice from the SBA that the Sub PPP loan, including $17 thousand accrued interest, had been fully forgiven, resulting in $1.9 million of gain on forgiveness of loan recorded within other (income) expenses during the quarter ended March 31, 2021.

On April 18, 2020, the Company executed a Business Loan Agreement and a Promissory Note each dated April 17, 2020 (collectively, the “Parent PPP Loan Documents”), with respect to a loan in the amount of $128 thousand (the “Parent PPP Loan”) from Amegy Bank. The Parent PPP Loan was also obtained pursuant to the PPP. The Parent PPP Loan originally matured on April 17, 2022 and bore interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum. As allowed under the Paycheck Protection Flexibility Act, the Parent PPP Loan was extended to mature on April 17, 2025. On April 3, 2021, the Company received notice from the SBA that the Parent PPP Loan, including $1 thousand accrued interest, had been fully forgiven, resulting in $0.1 million of gain on forgiveness of loan recorded within other (income) expense during the quarter ended June 30, 2021. Under the PPP, the SBA reserves the right to audit any PPP loan forgiveness application for a period of six years from the date of loan forgiveness.

Note 4.  Property and Equipment

Property and equipment at  December 31, 2022 and 2021 was comprised of the following (in thousands):

During 2022, $3.0 million of fully depreciated assets were disposed compared to $2.1 million during 2021. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, depreciation expense totaled $0.1 million and $0.8 million, respectively. Depreciation expense decreased primarily due to reduced depreciation of assets that became fully amortized in 2021.

Note 5.  Leases

The Company is obligated under non-cancelable lease agreements for the rental of office space and various other lease agreements for the leasing of office equipment. These operating leases expire at various dates through 2030. In addition to the minimum base rent, the office space lease agreements provide that the Company shall pay its pro-rata share of real estate taxes and operating costs as defined in the lease agreements. The Company also leases certain corporate office facilities from an affiliate.

During 2022, $0.1 million of lease payments were classified as amortization expense, and included within cash used in financing activities on the Company’s statement of cash flows. At December 31, 2022, the weighted-average remaining lease term was 6.1 years for operating leases and 2.5 years for finance type leases. At December 31, 2022, the weighted average discount rate was 5.6% for operating leases and 4.8% for finance type leases.

The following table presents additional information regarding the Company’s financing and operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

As of December 31, 2022, future maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

The following table summarizes future minimum payments under the current lease agreements:

Rent expense totaled approximately $1.0 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Note 6.  Commitments and Contingencies

On October 24, 2013, a putative class action lawsuit was brought against the Company by former Wilhelmina model Alex Shanklin and others, including Louisa Raske, Carina Vretman, Grecia Palomares and Michelle Griffin Trotter (the “Shanklin Litigation”), in New York State Supreme Court (New York County) by the same lead counsel who represented plaintiffs in a prior, now-dismissed action brought by Louisa Raske (the “Raske Litigation”).  The claims in the Shanklin Litigation initially included breach of contract and unjust enrichment allegations arising out of matters similar to the Raske Litigation, such as the handling and reporting of funds on behalf of models and the use of model images.  Other parties named as defendants in the Shanklin Litigation included other model management companies, advertising firms, and certain advertisers.  On January 6, 2014, the Company moved to dismiss the Amended Complaint in the Shanklin Litigation for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted and other grounds, and other defendants also filed motions to dismiss.  On August 11, 2014, the court denied the motion to dismiss as to Wilhelmina and other of the model management defendants.  Separately, on March 3, 2014, the judge assigned to the Shanklin Litigation wrote the Office of the New York Attorney General bringing the case to its attention, generally describing the claims asserted therein against the model management defendants, and stating that the case “may involve matters in the public interest.” The judge’s letter also enclosed a copy of his decision in the Raske Litigation, which dismissed that case. 

Plaintiffs retained substitute counsel, who filed a Second and then Third Amended Complaint. Plaintiffs’ Third Amended Complaint asserts causes of action for alleged breaches of the plaintiffs' management contracts with the defendants, conversion, breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing, and unjust enrichment.  The Third Amended Complaint also alleges that the plaintiff models were at all relevant times employees, and not independent contractors, of the model management defendants, and that defendants violated the New York Labor Law in several respects, including, among other things, by allegedly failing to pay the models the minimum wages and overtime pay required thereunder, not maintaining accurate payroll records, and not providing plaintiffs with full explanations of how their wages and deductions therefrom were computed.  The Third Amended Complaint seeks certification of the action as a class action, damages in an amount to be determined at trial, plus interest, costs, attorneys’ fees, and such other relief as the court deems proper.  On October 6, 2015, Wilhelmina filed a motion to dismiss as to most of the plaintiffs’ claims.  The Court entered a decision granting in part and denying in part Wilhelmina’s motion to dismiss on May 26, 2017.  The Court (i) dismissed three of the five New York Labor Law causes of action, along with the conversion, breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing and unjust enrichment causes of action, in their entirety, and (ii) permitted only the breach of contract causes of action, and some plaintiffs’ remaining two New York Labor Law causes of action to continue, within a limited time frame.  The plaintiffs and Wilhelmina each appealed, and the decision was affirmed on May 24, 2018. On August 16, 2017, Wilhelmina timely filed its Answer to the Third Amended Complaint.

On June 6, 2016, another putative class action lawsuit was brought against the Company by former Wilhelmina model Shawn Pressley and others, including Roberta Little (the “Pressley Litigation”), in New York State Supreme Court (New York County) by the same counsel representing the plaintiffs in the Shanklin Litigation, and asserting identical, although more recent, claims as those in the Shanklin Litigation.  The Amended Complaint, asserting essentially the same types of claims as in the Shanklin action, was filed on August 16, 2017.  Wilhelmina filed a motion to dismiss the Amended Complaint on September 29, 2017, which was granted in part and denied in part on May 10, 2018.  Some New York Labor Law and contract claims remain in the case.  Pressley has withdrawn from the case, leaving Roberta Little as the sole remaining named plaintiff in the Pressley Litigation.  On July 12, 2019, the Company filed its Answer and Counterclaim against Little.

On May 1, 2019, the Plaintiffs in the Shanklin Litigation (except Raske) and the Pressley Litigation filed motions for class certification on their contract claims and the remaining New York Labor Law Claims. On July 12, 2019, Wilhelmina filed its opposition to the motions for class certification and filed a cross-motion for summary judgment against Shanklin, Vretman, Palomares, Trotter and Little, and a motion for summary judgment against Raske. 

By Order dated May 8, 2020 (the “Class Certification Order”), the Court denied class certification in the Pressley case, denied class certification with respect to the breach of contract and alleged unpaid usage claims, granted class certification as to the New York Labor Law causes of action asserted by Vretman, Palomares and Trotter, and declined to rule on Wilhelmina’s motions for summary judgment, denying them without prejudice to be re-filed at a later date. Currently the parties are engaging in merits discovery.

The Company believes the claims asserted in the Shanklin Litigation and Pressley Litigation are without merit and intends to continue to vigorously defend the actions. Nonetheless, an adverse outcome in either case is at least reasonably possible. However, the Company is presently unable to reasonably estimate the amount or range of possible loss in either case. Therefore, no amount has been accrued as of December 31, 2022 related to these matters.

In addition to the legal proceedings disclosed herein, the Company is also engaged in various legal proceedings that are routine in nature and incidental to its business. None of these routine proceedings, either individually or in the aggregate, are believed likely, in the Company's opinion, to have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position or its results of operations.

Note 7.  Income Taxes

The following table summarizes the income tax benefit (expense) for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

The income tax benefit (expense) differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal and state income tax rates to the net income before income tax.  The following table shows the reasons for these differences (in thousands):

The Company’s effective tax rate was -34.9% and 15.4% for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The income tax benefit in 2022 and low effective tax rate was primarily the result of the full release of a previous $1.5 million valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. In 2021, the effective tax rate was primarily driven by $2.0 million non-taxable gain on forgiveness of PPP loans, which was the result of governmental actions to mitigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Generally, the Company’s combined effective tax rate is high relative to reported income before taxes as a result of valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, certain amortization expense, stock based compensation, and corporate overhead not being deductible and income being attributable to certain states in which it operates. In recent years, the majority of taxes paid by the Company were state and foreign taxes, not U.S. federal taxes. The Company operates in three states which have relatively high tax rates: California, New York, and Florida. In 2021, the effective tax rate was lower than in typical years due to PPP loan forgiveness, which was not subject to income tax. Realization of net operating loss carryforwards, foreign tax credits, and other deferred tax temporary differences are contingent upon future taxable earnings. The Company’s deferred tax assets are reviewed for expected utilization by assessing the available positive and negative factors surrounding recoverability, including projected future taxable income, reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, Wilhelmina maintained a full $1.5 million valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. In connection with its assessment for the third quarter of 2022, management determined that there was sufficient evidence to conclude that it was more likely than not that all deferred tax assets were realizable. This evidence included three years of cumulative pretax income, excluding nonrecurring items, and expected reversal of existing taxable temporary differences. Consequently, the full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets was released in 2022, resulting in a $1.5 million income tax benefit. The Company will continue to assess the evidence used to determine the need for a valuation allowance and may reinstate the valuation allowance in future periods if warranted by changes in estimated future income and other factors.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had no federal income tax loss carryforwards.

The following table shows the tax effect of significant temporary differences, which comprise the deferred tax asset and liability (in thousands):

Net deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented as noncurrent within the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Deferred income tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases and are stated at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the taxes are actually paid or recovered. The Company recognizes a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that these assets will not be realized. In making this determination, all positive and negative evidence is considered, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, tax planning strategies, future taxable income, and taxable income in prior carryback years.

At December 31, 2021, the Company had $1.1 million of U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards. At December 31, 2022, the Company had no U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards and has $0.5 million of foreign tax credit carryforwards which expire between 2023 and 2031.

The Company does not believe that it had any significant uncertain tax positions at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, nor is this expected to change within the next twelve months due to the settlement and expiration of statutes of limitation.

The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017 and introduced significant changes to U.S. income tax law. Effective in 2018, the Tax Act reduced the U.S. statutory tax rate from 35% to 21% and created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings and certain related-party payments, which are referred to as the global intangible low-taxed income tax and base erosion tax, respectively. In January 2018, the FASB released guidance on the accounting for tax on the global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions of the Tax Act. The GILTI provisions impose a tax on foreign income in excess of a deemed return on tangible assets of foreign corporations. The Company elected to treat any potential GILTI inclusions as a period cost.

Note 8.  Treasury Stock

During 2012, the Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program whereby the Company could repurchase up to 500,000 shares of its outstanding common stock. During 2013, the Board of Directors renewed and extended the Company’s share repurchase authority to enable it to repurchase up to an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of common stock. In 2016, the Board of Directors increased by an additional 500,000 shares the number of shares of the Company’s common stock, which may be repurchased under its stock repurchase program to an aggregate of 1,500,000 shares. The shares may be repurchased from time to time in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions at prices the Company deems appropriate. The program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be modified or suspended at any time at the Company’s discretion.

From 2012 through December 31, 2022, the Company repurchased an aggregate of 1,314,694 shares of common stock at an average price of approximately $4.85 per share, for a total of approximately $6.4 million in repurchases under the stock repurchase program. During the year ended December 31, 2022, no shares were repurchased. The repurchase of an additional 185,306 shares is presently authorized under the stock repurchase program.

Note 9.  Related Parties

The Executive Chairman of the Company, Mark E. Schwarz, is also the chairman, chief executive officer and portfolio manager of Newcastle Capital Management, L.P. (“NCM”). NCM is the general partner of Newcastle Partners L.P. (“Newcastle”), which is the largest shareholder of the Company.

The Company’s corporate headquarters are located at the offices of NCM. The Company utilizes NCM facilities on a month-to-month basis at $2.5 thousand per month, pursuant to a services agreement entered into between the parties. The Company incurred expenses pursuant to the services agreement totaling $30 thousand for each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company did not owe NCM any amounts under the services agreement as of December 31, 2022.

In the second quarter of 2021, the Company recorded $32 thousand related to the recovery of short-swing profits disgorged from one of the Company’s shareholders under Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company recognized these related party proceeds as an increase to additional paid-in capital in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet, as well as cash provided by financing activities in the accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows for 2021.

Note 10.  Stock Options and Stock Purchase Warrants

During 2015, shareholders of the Company approved the 2015 Incentive Plan which authorized the issuance of up to 500,000 shares of the common stock pursuant to stock options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights and other equity incentives awarded to directors, officers, consultants, advisors and employees of the Company. Stock option awards under the 2015 Incentive Plan are granted at the market value of the common stock on the date of grant, vest over service periods of one to five years and terminate not more than ten years from the date of grant.

Under the 2015 Incentive Plan, no stock option awards were granted during 2022. Stock option awards covering 120,000 shares of the common stock were granted during 2021. No stock options were exercised during either 2022 or 2021.

The following table shows a summary of stock option transactions under the 2015 Incentive Plan during 2022 and 2021:

Weighted average remaining contractual life was 5.85 years at December 31, 2022 and 6.85 years at December 31, 2021. The exercise price of all stock options was below the market value at both December 31, 2022 and 2021. Therefore, there is no intrinsic value at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Total unrecognized compensation expense on options outstanding as of December 31, 2022 was $0.1 million. Options to purchase 98,500 shares of common stock were exercisable as of December 31, 2022.

The Company estimates the fair value of each stock option granted on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of Wilhelmina’s and similar companies’ common stock for a period equal to the expected term. The risk-free interest rates for periods within the contractual term of the options are based on rates for U.S. Treasury Notes with maturity dates corresponding to the options’ expected lives on the dates of grant. Expected term is determined based on the option term.

The following table lists the inputs to the Black-Scholes model used for the fair value measurement of the stock options granted during 2021. No stock options were granted during 2022.

Note 11.  Benefit Plans

The Company has established a 401(k) Plan for eligible employees of the Company. Generally, all employees of the Company who are at least twenty-one years of age are eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan. The 401(k) Plan is a defined contribution plan, which provides that participants may make voluntary salary deferral contributions, on a pretax basis, between 1% and 100% of their compensation in the form of voluntary payroll deductions, up to a maximum amount as indexed for cost-of-living adjustments. The Company may make discretionary contributions. No discretionary contributions were made during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Note 12.  Cybersecurity Incident

In November 2021, the Company determined that it had recently been the victim of criminal fraud known to law enforcement authorities as “business e-mail compromise fraud” which involved employee e-mail impersonation and fraudulent payment requests targeting the finance department of a division of the Company. The fraud resulted in unauthorized transfers of funds aggregating approximately $0.7 million, as well as approximately $10 thousand of professional service fees to address the fraud. The Company recovered $0.2 million. As a result, the Company recorded a charge of $0.6 million in 2021 within operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company is continuing to pursue the recovery of the remaining $0.6 million and is cooperating with U.S. federal law enforcement authorities who are actively pursuing an investigation. It is presently unclear whether or to what extent any additional amounts will be recovered. Any additional recoveries will be recognized as a gain on recovery in the period that the funds are received.