WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORP - Quarter Report: 2019 March (Form 10-Q)

(Dollars in thousands)
Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships

Location of (Loss)/Gain Recognized
in Income on Derivative

Three Months Ended

Location of (Loss)/Gain Recognized
in Income on Derivative

March 31, 2019

Interest rate swaps

Interest and fees on loans

Interest income - investment securities

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_________________________________________



þ	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-35077

_____________________________________

WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Illinois	36-3873352
(State of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9700 W. Higgins Road, Suite 800

Rosemont, Illinois 60018

(Address of principal executive offices)

(847) 939-9000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

______________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large accelerated filer	þ		Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	¨
Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No þ

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common Stock — no par value, 56,663,096 shares, as of April 30, 2019

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page
	PART I. — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	Financial Statements	1
ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	53
ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	89
ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	91
	PART II. — OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	92
ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	94
ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	94
ITEM 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	NA
ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	NA
ITEM 5.	Other Information	NA
ITEM 6.	Exhibits	95
	Signatures	96

Table of Contents

PART I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION

	(Unaudited)						(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share data)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2018
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	270,765		$	392,142		$	231,407
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	58			58			57
Interest bearing deposits with banks	1,609,852			1,099,594			980,380
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	2,185,782			2,126,081			1,895,688
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost ($1.0 billion, $1.0 billion and $862.5 million fair value at March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018, and March 31, 2018 respectively)	1,051,542			1,067,439			892,937
Trading account securities	559			1,692			1,682
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	47,653			34,717			37,832
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock	89,013			91,354			104,956
Brokerage customer receivables	14,219			12,609			24,531
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, at fair value	248,557			264,070			411,505
Loans, net of unearned income	24,214,629			23,820,691			22,062,134
Allowance for loan losses	(158,212		)	(152,770		)	(139,503		)
Net loans	24,056,417			23,667,921			21,922,631
Premises and equipment, net	676,037			671,169			626,687
Lease investments, net	224,240			233,208			190,775
Accrued interest receivable and other assets	888,492			696,707			601,794
Trade date securities receivable	375,211			263,523			—
Goodwill	573,658			573,141			511,497
Other intangible assets	46,566			49,424			22,413
Total assets	$	32,358,621		$	31,244,849		$	28,456,772
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Deposits:
Non-interest bearing	$	6,353,456		$	6,569,880		$	6,612,319
Interest bearing	20,451,286			19,524,798			16,667,008
Total deposits	26,804,742			26,094,678			23,279,327
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	576,353			426,326			915,000
Other borrowings	372,194			393,855			247,092
Subordinated notes	139,235			139,210			139,111
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566			253,566			253,566
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities	840,559			669,644			591,426
Total liabilities	28,986,649			27,977,279			25,425,522
Shareholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, no par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018; Series D - $25 liquidation value; 5,000,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018	125,000			125,000			125,000
Common stock, no par value; $1.00 stated value; 100,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018; 56,765,450 shares issued at March 31, 2019, 56,518,119 shares issued at December 31, 2018 and 56,363,786 shares issued at March 31, 2018	56,765			56,518			56,364
Surplus	1,565,185			1,557,984			1,540,673
Treasury stock, at cost, 126,482 shares at March 31, 2019, 110,561 shares at December 31, 2018, and 107,288 shares at March 31, 2018	(6,650		)	(5,634		)	(5,355		)
Retained earnings	1,682,016			1,610,574			1,387,663
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(50,344		)	(76,872		)	(73,095		)
Total shareholders’ equity	3,371,972			3,267,570			3,031,250
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	32,358,621		$	31,244,849		$	28,456,772

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share data)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans	$	296,987		$	234,994
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	2,209			2,818
Interest bearing deposits with banks	5,300			2,796
Investment securities	27,956			19,128
Trading account securities	8			14
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock	1,355			1,298
Brokerage customer receivables	155			157
Total interest income	333,970			261,205
Interest expense
Interest on deposits	60,976			26,549
Interest on Federal Home Loan Bank advances	2,450			3,639
Interest on other borrowings	3,633			1,699
Interest on subordinated notes	1,775			1,773
Interest on junior subordinated debentures	3,150			2,463
Total interest expense	71,984			36,123
Net interest income	261,986			225,082
Provision for credit losses	10,624			8,346
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	251,362			216,736
Non-interest income
Wealth management	23,977			22,986
Mortgage banking	18,158			30,960
Service charges on deposit accounts	8,848			8,857
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	1,364			(351		)
Fees from covered call options	1,784			1,597
Trading (losses) gains, net	(171		)	103
Operating lease income, net	10,796			9,691
Other	16,901			11,836
Total non-interest income	81,657			85,679
Non-interest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	125,723			112,436
Equipment	11,770			10,072
Operating lease equipment depreciation	8,319			6,533
Occupancy, net	16,245			13,767
Data processing	7,525			8,493
Advertising and marketing	9,858			8,824
Professional fees	5,556			6,649
Amortization of other intangible assets	2,942			1,004
FDIC insurance	3,576			4,362
OREO expense, net	632			2,926
Other	22,228			19,283
Total non-interest expense	214,374			194,349
Income before taxes	118,645			108,066
Income tax expense	29,499			26,085
Net income	$	89,146		$	81,981
Preferred stock dividends	2,050			2,050
Net income applicable to common shares	$	87,096		$	79,931
Net income per common share—Basic	$	1.54		$	1.42
Net income per common share—Diluted	$	1.52		$	1.40
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.25		$	0.19
Weighted average common shares outstanding	56,529			56,137
Dilutive potential common shares	699			888
Average common shares and dilutive common shares	57,228			57,025

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Net income	$	89,146		$	81,981
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities
Before tax	38,275			(36,184		)
Tax effect	(10,319		)	9,710
Net of tax	27,956			(26,474		)
Reclassification of net losses on available-for-sale securities included in net income
Before tax	(67		)	(975		)
Tax effect	18			262
Net of tax	(49		)	(713		)
Reclassification of amortization of unrealized net gains (losses) on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale
Before tax	144			(4		)
Tax effect	(41		)	1
Net of tax	103			(3		)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities	27,902			(25,758		)
Unrealized (losses) gains on derivative instruments
Before tax	(4,996		)	3,075
Tax effect	1,345			(826		)
Net unrealized (losses) gains on derivative instruments	(3,651		)	2,249
Foreign currency adjustment
Before tax	2,891			(3,853		)
Tax effect	(614		)	956
Net foreign currency adjustment	2,277			(2,897		)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	26,528			(26,406		)
Comprehensive income	$	115,674		$	55,575

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands)	Preferred stock		Common stock		Surplus			Treasury stock			Retained earnings			Accumulated other comprehensive loss			Total shareholders’ equity
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	125,000	$	56,068	$	1,529,035		$	(4,986	)	$	1,313,657		$	(41,835	)	$	2,976,939
Cumulative effect adjustment from the adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU"):
ASU 2016-01	—		—		—			—			1,880			(1,880		)	—
ASU 2017-12	—		—		—			—			(116		)	—			(116		)
ASU 2018-02	—		—		—			—			2,974			(2,974		)	—
Net income	—		—		—			—			81,981			—			81,981
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—		—		—			—			—			(26,406		)	(26,406		)
Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.19 per share	—		—		—			—			(10,663		)	—			(10,663		)
Dividends on preferred stock	—		—		—			—			(2,050		)	—			(2,050		)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		3,683			—			—			—			3,683
Common stock issued for:
Exercise of stock options and warrants	—		179		7,017			—			—			—			7,196
Restricted stock awards	—		90		(90		)	(369		)	—			—			(369		)
Employee stock purchase plan	—		8		622			—			—			—			630
Director compensation plan	—		19		406			—			—			—			425
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	125,000	$	56,364	$	1,540,673		$	(5,355	)	$	1,387,663		$	(73,095	)	$	3,031,250
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	125,000	$	56,518	$	1,557,984		$	(5,634	)	$	1,610,574		$	(76,872	)	$	3,267,570
Cumulative effect adjustment from the adoption of ASU:
ASU 2017-08	—		—		—			—			(1,531		)	—			(1,531		)
Net income	—		—		—			—			89,146			—			89,146
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—		—			—			—			26,528			26,528
Cash dividends declared on common stock, $0.25 per share	—		—		—			—			(14,123		)	—			(14,123		)
Dividends on preferred stock	—		—		—			—			(2,050		)	—			(2,050		)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		3,318			—			—			—			3,318
Common stock issued for:
Exercise of stock options and warrants	—		79		2,864			(575		)	—			—			2,368
Restricted stock awards	—		139		(139		)	(441		)	—			—			(441		)
Employee stock purchase plan	—		11		672			—			—			—			683
Director compensation plan	—		18		486			—			—			—			504
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	125,000	$	56,765	$	1,565,185		$	(6,650	)	$	1,682,016		$	(50,344	)	$	3,371,972

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended
(In thousands)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Operating Activities:
Net income	$	89,146		$	81,981
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Provision for credit losses	10,624			8,346
Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net	21,197			15,883
Stock-based compensation expense	3,318			3,683
Net amortization of premium on securities	1,367			1,071
Accretion of discount on loans	(5,162		)	(4,927		)
Mortgage servicing rights fair value change, net	10,741			(2,931		)
Originations and purchases of mortgage loans held-for-sale	(678,464		)	(778,852		)
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held-for-sale	705,785			696,336
Bank owned life insurance ("BOLI") income	(1,591		)	(714		)
Decrease (increase) in trading securities, net	1,133			(687		)
Net (increase) decrease in brokerage customer receivables	(1,610		)	1,900
Gains on mortgage loans sold	(18,388		)	(18,917		)
(Gains) losses on investment securities, net	(1,364		)	351
(Gains) losses on sales of premises and equipment, net	(5		)	25
Net losses on sales and fair value adjustments of other real estate owned	186			2,387
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable and other assets, net	(29,914		)	4,434
(Decrease) increase in accrued interest payable and other liabilities, net	(19,314		)	12,857
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	87,685			22,226
Investing Activities:
Proceeds from maturities and calls of available-for-sale securities	168,575			47,463
Proceeds from maturities and calls of held-to-maturity securities	45,173			4,270
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities	263,456			210,891
Proceeds from sales and capital distributions of equity securities without readily determinable fair value	220			—
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(566,376		)	(333,999		)
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities	(31,643		)	(70,988		)
Purchases of equity securities with readily determinable fair value	(11,505		)	—
Purchases of equity securities without readily determinable fair value	(623		)	(1,801		)
Redemption (purchases) of Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock, net	2,341			(14,967		)
Distributions from investments in partnerships, net	363			132
Net cash paid in business combinations	—			(18,708		)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned	2,758			3,679
Net (increase) decrease in interest bearing deposits with banks	(510,517		)	81,162
Net increase in loans	(380,214		)	(394,433		)
Purchases of premises and equipment, net	(13,608		)	(11,580		)
Net Cash Used for Investing Activities	(1,031,600		)	(498,879		)
Financing Activities:
Increase in deposit accounts	710,061			95,988
Decrease in subordinated notes and other borrowings, net	(24,463		)	(15,631		)
Increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advances, net	149,999			355,000
Issuance of common shares resulting from the exercise of stock options, employee stock purchase plan and conversion of common stock warrants	4,130			8,251
Common stock repurchases for tax withholdings related to stock-based compensation	(1,016		)	(369		)
Dividends paid	(16,173		)	(12,713		)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities	822,538			430,526
Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(121,377		)	(46,127		)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period	392,200			277,591
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	270,823		$	231,464

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(1) Basis of Presentation

The interim consolidated financial statements of Wintrust Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries (“Wintrust” or the “Company”) presented herein are unaudited, but in the opinion of management reflect all necessary adjustments of a normal or recurring nature for a fair presentation of results as of the dates and for the periods covered by the interim consolidated financial statements.

The accompanying interim consolidated financial statements are unaudited and do not include information or footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). The interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (“2018 Form 10-K”). Operating results reported for the period are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the entire year. Reclassifications of certain prior period amounts have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. Management believes that the estimates made are reasonable, however, changes in estimates may be required if economic or other conditions develop differently from management’s expectations. Certain policies and accounting principles inherently have a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and as such have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported. Management views critical accounting policies to be those which are highly dependent on subjective or complex judgments, estimates and assumptions, and where changes in those estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on the financial statements. Management currently views the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for losses on lending-related commitments, loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination, estimations of fair value, the valuations required for impairment testing of goodwill, the valuation and accounting for derivative instruments and income taxes as the accounting areas that require the most subjective and complex judgments, and as such could be the most subject to revision as new information becomes available. Descriptions of the Company's significant accounting policies are included in Note 1 - “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the 2018 Form 10-K.

(2) Recent Accounting Developments

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” to improve transparency and comparability across entities regarding leasing arrangements. This ASU requires the recognition of a separate lease liability representing the required discounted lease payments over the lease term and a separate lease asset representing the right to use the underlying asset during the same lease term. Further, this ASU provides clarification regarding the identification of certain components of contracts that would represent a lease as well as requires additional disclosures to the notes of the financial statements. Additionally, in January 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-01, "Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842," to permit an entity to elect an optional practical expedient to not evaluate under Topic 842 land easements that exist or expired before the entity's adoption of Topic 842 and that were not previously accounted for as leases under existing accounting guidance.

The FASB has continued to issue various updates to clarify and improve specific areas of ASU No. 2016-02. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases,” to clarify the implementation guidance within ASU No. 2016-02 surrounding narrow aspects of Topic 842, including lessee reassessment of lease classifications, the rate implicit in a lease, lessor reassessment of lease terms and purchase options and variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate. Also, in July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” to clarify the implementation guidance within ASU No. 2016-02 surrounding comparative period reporting requirements for initial adoption as well as separating lease and non-lease components in a contract and allocating consideration in the contract to the separate components. Also, in December 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-20, “Leases (Topic 842): Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors,” to clarify the implementation guidance within ASU No. 2016-02 surrounding specific aspects of lessor accounting. In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-01, “Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases,” to clarify the implementation guidance within ASU No. 2016-02 surrounding aspects of Topic 842, including determining the fair value of the underlying asset by lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers, presentation on the statement of cash flows, and transition disclosures related to Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections.

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The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02 and all subsequent updates issued to clarify and improve specific areas of this ASU as of January 1, 2019. The Company elected an optional transition method to apply the new guidance at the date of adoption (i.e. January 1, 2019) and continue applying current lease accounting guidance for comparative periods (i.e. fiscal periods in 2018). As a result, as of January 1, 2019, the Company recognized a separate lease liability and right of use asset of approximately $199.4 million and $170.6 million, respectively, for leasing arrangements in which the Company is a lessee. The difference in the separate lease liability and right of use asset represents any remaining amounts related to prepayments, payment deferrals and lease incentives as of January 1, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, the separate lease liability and right of use asset was $196.9 million and $165.8 million, respectively. The separate liability and asset are included within accrued interest payable and other liabilities and accrued interest receivable and other assets, respectively, within the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition. The leasing arrangements requiring recognition on the Consolidated Statements of Condition primarily related to certain banking facilities under operating lease agreements as well as other leasing arrangements in which the Company has the right of use of specific signage related to sponsorships and other agreements and certain automatic teller machines and other equipment. The Company utilized the following other transition elections and practical expedients:


•	For lessee arrangements of certain classes of underlying assets, including banking facilities and equipment, the Company elected the practical expedient to not separate non-lease components from lease components and instead to account for each separate lease and non-lease component as a single lease component.


•	For lessor arrangements that meet certain criteria (leasing of space in owned facilities), the Company elected the practical expedient to account for each separate lease and non-lease component as a single lease component.


•	A package of practical expedients applied to leases existing prior to the effective date that must all be elected together and allow a Company to not reassess:


◦	whether any expiring or existing contracts are or contain a lease;


◦	lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and


◦	whether initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases qualify for capitalization.


•	A practical expedient that permits the Company to continue applying its current policy for accounting for expired or existing land easements.


•	An accounting policy election for short-term leases (i.e. terms of 12 months or less with no purchase option expected to be exercised) to apply accounting similar to ASC 840, specifically to not recognize separate lease liabilities and right of use assets.

As noted above, in accordance with ASU No. 2016-02 and all subsequent updates, the Company recognized a separate lease liability and right of use asset related to leasing arrangements in which the Company is the lessee of the identified asset. These lease arrangements include primarily the use of certain buildings, retail space and office space for the the Company's operations and are considered operating leases. The underlying agreements of these arrangements often require fixed payments on a monthly basis. These fixed payments are included as consideration when measuring the separate lease liability and right of use asset noted above. Other payments are made on a monthly basis for certain items that are considered variable, including payments for insurance, real estate taxes and maintenance. Additionally, underlying agreements often have an initial period of use followed by certain extension periods. The Company considers such extensions for purposes of lease classification and the measurement of the separate lease liability and right of use asset. If the Company is reasonably certain to elect to extend the leasing arrangement, the lease term would include these periods for the purposes noted above. As a lessee, the Company cannot readily determine the rate implicit in the lease. As a result, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate when measuring the separate lease liability and right of use asset. The Company estimated the incremental borrowing rate as the rate of interest that would be paid to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term in a similar economic environment.

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The following tables provide a summary of lease costs and future required fixed payments related to the Company's leasing arrangements in which it is the lessee:



	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	6,095
Short-term lease cost	181
Variable lease cost	776
Sublease income	(83		)
Total lease cost	$	6,969

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	5,763
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases	13.8 years
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases	3.96		%



(Dollars in thousands)	Payments
Remaining in 2019	$	19,657
2020	22,596
2021	20,860
2022	20,104
2023	18,084
2024	17,167
2025 and thereafter	146,202
Total minimum future amounts	$	264,670
Impact of measuring the lease liability on a discounted basis	(67,817		)
Total lease liability	$	196,853

Allowance for Credit Losses

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” to replace the current incurred loss methodology for recognizing credit losses, which delays recognition until it is probable a loss has been incurred, with a methodology that reflects an estimate of all expected credit losses and considers additional reasonable and supportable forecasted information when determining credit loss estimates. This impacts the calculation of an allowance for credit losses for all financial assets measured under the amortized cost basis, including held-to-maturity debt securities and PCI loans at the time of and subsequent to acquisition. Additionally, credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities would be recorded through the allowance for credit losses and not as a direct adjustment to the amortized cost of the securities. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and is to be applied under a modified retrospective approach.

The FASB has continued to issue various updates to clarify and improve specific areas of ASU No. 2016-13. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses,” to clarify the implementation guidance within ASU No. 2016-13 surrounding narrow aspects of Topic 326, including the impact of the guidance on operating lease receivables. Like ASU No. 2016-13, this guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and is to be applied under a modified retrospective approach.

The Company has continued its efforts in implementation of ASU No. 2016-13 and all subsequent updates issued to clarify and improve specific areas of this ASU. At this time, the Company is finalizing potential accounting policy elections and modeling methodologies for estimating expected credit losses using reasonable and supportable forecast information. Additionally, the Company is utilizing certain historical data and a previously selected platform to build, store, execute and determine the financial impact. Controls and processes are also being designed for the continued implementation process and after the effective date.

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Goodwill

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment,” to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill. When the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an entity would no longer be required to determine goodwill impairment by assigning the fair value of a reporting unit to all of its assets and liabilities as if that reporting unit was acquired in a business combination. Goodwill impairment would be recognized according to the excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit over the calculated fair value of such unit. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and is to be applied under a prospective approach. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Amortization of Premium on Certain Debt Securities

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-08, “Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities,” to amend the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. The amortization period for such securities will be shortened to the earliest call date. The Company adopted ASU No. 2017-08 as of January 1, 2019 under a modified retrospective approach. As a result, the Company recognized a cumulative effect adjustment of $1.5 million representing the accelerated amortization of premiums on certain callable debt securities directly to retained earnings on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition.

Fair Value Measurement

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirement for Fair Value Measurement,” to modify disclosure requirements on fair value measurements and inputs. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and is to be applied prospectively or retrospectively depending upon the disclosure requirement. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Intangibles

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract,” to align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with similar requirements related to implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. In addition, the amendment requires any capitalized implementation costs related to a hosting arrangement to be expensed over the term of the hosting arrangement. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and is to be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Codification Improvements

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments”. The FASB has continued to issue various updates to clarify and improve specific areas of ASU No. 2016-01, ASU No. 2016-13, and ASU No. 2017-12. Amendments related to ASU No. 2016-01 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and can be early adopted, under a modified retrospective approach, since the Company has already adopted ASU No. 2016-01. Since the Company has not yet adopted ASU No. 2016-13, the effective dates and transition requirements for the amendments related to ASU No. 2019-04 are the same as the effective dates and transition requirements in ASU No. 2016-13 described above. Amendments related to ASU No. 2017-12 are effective as of the beginning of the first annual period beginning after the issuance date of ASU No. 2019-04 and can be early adopted since the Company has already adopted ASU No. 2017-12. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

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(3) Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions

Bank Acquisitions

On December 7, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of certain assets and the assumption of certain liabilities of American Enterprise Bank ("AEB"). Through this asset acquisition, the Company acquired approximately $164.0 million in assets, including approximately $119.3 million in loans, and approximately $150.8 million in deposits.

On August 1, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Chicago Shore Corporation ("CSC"). CSC was the parent company of Delaware Place Bank. Through this business combination, the Company acquired Delaware Place Bank’s one banking location in Chicago, Illinois, approximately $282.8 million in assets, including approximately $152.7 million in loans, and approximately $213.1 million in deposits. Additionally, the Company recorded goodwill of $26.5 million on the acquisition.

Mortgage Banking Acquisitions

On January 4, 2018, the Company acquired iFreedom Direct Corporation DBA Veterans First Mortgage ("Veterans First") with assets including mortgage-servicing-rights on approximately 10,000 loans, totaling an estimated $1.6 billion in unpaid principal balance. The Company recorded goodwill of $9.1 million on the acquisition.

Wealth Management Acquisitions

On December 14, 2018, the Company acquired Elektra Holding Company, LLC ("Elektra"), the parent company of Chicago Deferred Exchange Company, LLC ("CDEC"). CDEC is a provider of Qualified Intermediary services (as defined by U.S. Treasury regulations) for taxpayers seeking to structure tax-deferred like-kind exchanges under Internal Revenue Code Section 1031. CDEC has successfully facilitated more than 8,000 like-kind exchanges in the past decade for taxpayers nationwide. These transactions typically generate customer deposits during the period following the sale of the property until such proceeds are used to purchase a replacement property. The Company recoded goodwill of $37.6 million on the acquisition.

Purchased Credit Impaired ("PCI") Loans

Purchased loans acquired in a business combination are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date. For PCI loans, expected future cash flows at the purchase date in excess of the fair value of loans are recorded as interest income over the life of the loans if the timing and amount of the future cash flows is reasonably estimable (“accretable yield”). The difference between contractually required payments and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the non-accretable difference and represents probable losses in the portfolio.

In determining the acquisition date fair value of PCI loans, and in subsequent accounting, the Company aggregates these purchased loans into pools of loans by common risk characteristics, such as credit risk rating and loan type. Subsequent to the purchase date, increases in cash flows over those expected at the purchase date are recognized as interest income prospectively. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will result in a provision for loan losses.

The Company purchased a portfolio of life insurance premium finance receivables in 2009. These purchased life insurance premium finance receivables are valued on an individual basis. If credit related conditions deteriorate, an allowance related to these loans will be established as part of the provision for credit losses.

See Note 6—Loans, for additional information on PCI loans.

(4) Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, the Company considers cash and cash equivalents to include cash on hand, cash items in the process of collection, non-interest bearing amounts due from correspondent banks, federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements with original maturities of three months or less. These items are included within the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition as cash and due from banks, and federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements.

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(5) Investment Securities

The following tables are a summary of the investment securities portfolios as of the dates shown:



	March 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	126,236	$	579	$	(97	)	$	126,718
U.S. Government agencies	129,258		1,431		(2		)	130,687
Municipal	132,870		3,701		(218		)	136,353
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	97,072		63		(4,802		)	92,333
Other	1,000		—		—			1,000
Mortgage-backed: ⁽¹⁾
Mortgage-backed securities	1,677,903		6,041		(27,662		)	1,656,282
Collateralized mortgage obligations	42,514		293		(398		)	42,409
Total available-for-sale securities	$	2,206,853	$	12,108	$	(33,179	)	$	2,185,782
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. Government agencies	$	806,293	$	1,945	$	(14,580	)	$	793,658
Municipal	245,249		3,669		(881		)	248,037
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	1,051,542	$	5,614	$	(15,461	)	$	1,041,695
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	45,915	$	2,708	$	(970	)	$	47,653



	December 31, 2018
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	126,199	$	391	$	(186	)	$	126,404
U.S. Government agencies	139,420		917		(30		)	140,307
Municipal	136,831		2,427		(768		)	138,490
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	97,079		35		(7,069		)	90,045
Other	1,000		—		—			1,000
Mortgage-backed: ⁽¹⁾
Mortgage-backed securities	1,641,146		2,510		(57,317		)	1,586,339
Collateralized mortgage obligations	43,819		500		(823		)	43,496
Total available-for-sale securities	$	2,185,494	$	6,780	$	(66,193	)	$	2,126,081
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. Government agencies	$	814,864	$	1,141	$	(28,576	)	$	787,429
Municipal	252,575		1,100		(5,008		)	248,667
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	1,067,439	$	2,241	$	(33,584	)	$	1,036,096
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	34,410	$	1,532	$	(1,225	)	$	34,717


(1)	Consisting entirely of residential mortgage-backed securities, none of which are subprime.

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	March 31, 2018
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	25,022	$	—	$	(295	)	$	24,727
U.S. Government agencies	149,899		—		(563		)	149,336
Municipal	120,396		2,218		(856		)	121,758
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	100,294		16		(1,595		)	98,715
Other	1,000		—		(1		)	999
Mortgage-backed: ⁽¹⁾
Mortgage-backed securities	1,510,421		169		(64,077		)	1,446,513
Collateralized mortgage obligations	55,836		7		(2,203		)	53,640
Total available-for-sale securities	$	1,962,868	$	2,410	$	(69,590	)	$	1,895,688
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. Government agencies	$	639,442	$	—	$	(25,891	)	$	613,551
Municipal	253,495		939		(5,458		)	248,976
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	892,937	$	939	$	(31,349	)	$	862,527
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	$	34,230	$	4,670	$	(1,068	)	$	37,832


(1)	Consisting entirely of residential mortgage-backed securities, none of which are subprime.

Equity securities without readily determinable fair values totaled $27.0 million as of March 31, 2019. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are included as part of accrued interest receivable and other assets in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition. The Company recorded no upward or downward adjustments on such securities in the first quarter of 2019 related to observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The Company monitors its equity investments without a readily determinable fair values to identify potential transactions that may indicate an observable price change requiring adjustment to its carrying amount.

The following table presents the portion of the Company’s available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities portfolios which has gross unrealized losses, reflecting the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2019:



	Continuous unrealized losses existing for less than 12 months					Continuous unrealized losses existing for greater than 12 months					Total
(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	—	$	—		$	24,908	$	(97	)	$	24,908	$	(97	)
U.S. Government agencies	—		—			208		(2		)	208		(2		)
Municipal	6,448		(12		)	15,087		(206		)	21,535		(218		)
Corporate notes:
Financial issuers	9,987		(11		)	72,283		(4,791		)	82,270		(4,802		)
Other	—		—			—		—			—		—
Mortgage-backed:
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—			1,315,030		(27,662		)	1,315,030		(27,662		)
Collateralized mortgage obligations	—		—			13,708		(398		)	13,708		(398		)
Total available-for-sale securities	$	16,435	$	(23	)	$	1,441,224	$	(33,156	)	$	1,457,659	$	(33,179	)
Held-to-maturity securities
U.S. Government agencies	$	—	$	—		$	403,196	$	(14,580	)	$	403,196	$	(14,580	)
Municipal	7,951		(111		)	50,196		(770		)	58,147		(881		)
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	7,951	$	(111	)	$	453,392	$	(15,350	)	$	461,343	$	(15,461	)

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The Company conducts a regular assessment of its investment securities to determine whether securities are other-than-temporarily impaired considering, among other factors, the nature of the securities, credit ratings or financial condition of the issuer, the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, expected cash flows, market conditions and the Company’s ability to hold the securities through the anticipated recovery period.

The Company does not consider securities with unrealized losses at March 31, 2019 to be other-than-temporarily impaired. The Company does not intend to sell these investments and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these investments before recovery of the amortized cost bases, which may be the maturity dates of the securities. The unrealized losses within each category have occurred as a result of changes in interest rates, market spreads and market conditions subsequent to purchase. Securities with continuous unrealized losses existing for more than twelve months were primarily mortgage-backed securities, U.S. Government agency securities and corporate notes.

The following table provides information as to the amount of gross gains and losses, adjustments and impairment on investment securities recognized in earnings and proceeds received through the sale or call of investment securities:



	Three months ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2019			2018
Realized gains on investment securities	$	17		$	—
Realized losses on investment securities	(84		)	(975		)
Net realized losses on investment securities	(67		)	$	(975	)
Unrealized gains on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	1,431			1,873
Unrealized losses on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	—			(843		)
Net unrealized gains on equity securities with readily determinable fair value	1,431			1,030
Upward adjustments of equity securities without readily determinable fair values	—			131
Downward adjustments of equity securities without readily determinable fair values	—			—
Impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values	—			(537		)
Adjustment and impairment, net, of equity securities without readily determinable fair values	—			(406		)
Other than temporary impairment charges	—			—
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	$	1,364		$	(351	)
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities	$	263,456		$	210,891
Proceeds from sales of equity securities with readily determinable fair value	—			—
Proceeds from sales and capital distributions of equity securities without readily determinable fair value	220			—

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded no of impairment of equity securities without readily determinable fair values. The Company conducts a quarterly assessment of its equity securities without a readily determinable fair values to determine whether impairment exists in such securities, considering, among other factors, the nature of the securities, financial condition of the issuer and expected future cash flows.

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The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities as of March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, by contractual maturity, are shown in the following table. Contractual maturities may differ from actual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Mortgage-backed securities are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary as actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the underlying mortgages may be called or prepaid without penalties:



	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities
Due in one year or less	$	68,996	$	69,060	$	82,206	$	82,153	$	180,899	$	180,333
Due in one to five years	171,058		172,673		168,855		169,307		90,073		89,953
Due in five to ten years	116,901		113,825		121,129		115,206		116,909		116,517
Due after ten years	129,481		131,533		128,339		129,580		8,730		8,732
Mortgage-backed	1,720,417		1,698,691		1,684,965		1,629,835		1,566,257		1,500,153
Total available-for-sale securities	$	2,206,853	$	2,185,782	$	2,185,494	$	2,126,081	$	1,962,868	$	1,895,688
Held-to-maturity securities
Due in one year or less	$	9,134	$	9,112	$	10,009	$	9,979	$	3,786	$	3,775
Due in one to five years	27,477		27,539		29,436		28,995		34,495		33,994
Due in five to ten years	301,971		302,066		295,897		290,206		210,705		205,823
Due after ten years	712,960		702,978		732,097		706,916		643,951		618,935
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	1,051,542	$	1,041,695	$	1,067,439	$	1,036,096	$	892,937	$	862,527

Securities having a fair value of $1.7 billion at March 31, 2019 as well as securities having a fair value of $1.7 billion and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively, were pledged as collateral for public deposits, trust deposits, Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") advances, securities sold under repurchase agreements and derivatives. At March 31, 2019, there were no securities of a single issuer, other than U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities, which exceeded 10% of shareholders’ equity.

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(6) Loans

The following table shows the Company’s loan portfolio by category as of the dates shown:



	March 31,			December 31,			March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2019			2018			2018
Balance:
Commercial	$	7,994,191		$	7,828,538		$	7,060,871
Commercial real estate	6,973,505			6,933,252			6,633,520
Home equity	528,448			552,343			626,547
Residential real estate	1,053,524			1,002,464			869,104
Premium finance receivables—commercial	2,988,788			2,841,659			2,576,150
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	4,555,369			4,541,794			4,189,961
Consumer and other	120,804			120,641			105,981
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	24,214,629		$	23,820,691		$	22,062,134
Mix:
Commercial	33		%	33		%	32		%
Commercial real estate	29			29			30
Home equity	2			2			3
Residential real estate	4			4			4
Premium finance receivables—commercial	12			12			12
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	19			19			19
Consumer and other	1			1			—
Total loans, net of unearned income	100		%	100		%	100		%

The Company’s loan portfolio is generally comprised of loans to consumers and small to medium-sized businesses located within the geographic market areas that the banks serve. The premium finance receivables portfolios are made to customers throughout the United States and Canada. The Company strives to maintain a loan portfolio that is diverse in terms of loan type, industry, borrower and geographic concentrations. Such diversification reduces the exposure to economic downturns that may occur in different segments of the economy or in different industries.

Certain premium finance receivables are recorded net of unearned income. The unearned income portions of such premium finance receivables were $110.0 million at March 31, 2019, $112.9 million at December 31, 2018 and $85.4 million at March 31, 2018.

Total loans, excluding PCI loans, include net deferred loan fees and costs and fair value purchase accounting adjustments totaling $6.4 million at March 31, 2019, $4.5 million at December 31, 2018 and $9.4 million at March 31, 2018. PCI loans are recorded net of credit discounts. See “Acquired Loan Information at Acquisition - PCI Loans” below.

It is the policy of the Company to review each prospective credit in order to determine the appropriateness and, when required, the adequacy of security or collateral necessary to obtain when making a loan. The type of collateral, when required, will vary from liquid assets to real estate. The Company seeks to ensure access to collateral, in the event of default, through adherence to state lending laws and the Company’s credit monitoring procedures.

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Acquired Loan Information at Acquisition—PCI Loans

As part of the Company's previous acquisitions, the Company acquired loans for which there was evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination (PCI loans) and determined that it was probable that the Company would be unable to collect all contractually required principal and interest payments. The following table presents the unpaid principal balance and carrying value for these acquired loans:

March 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

(Dollars in thousands)

Unpaid

Principal

Balance

Carrying

Value

Unpaid
Principal
Balance

Carrying
Value

PCI loans

334,654

313,221

341,555

318,394

See Note 7—Allowance for Loan Losses, Allowance for Losses on Lending-Related Commitments and Impaired Loans for further discussion regarding the allowance for loan losses associated with PCI loans at March 31, 2019.

Accretable Yield Activity - PCI Loans

Changes in expected cash flows may vary from period to period as the Company periodically updates its cash flow model assumptions for PCI loans. The factors that most significantly affect the estimates of gross cash flows expected to be collected, and accordingly the accretable yield, include changes in the benchmark interest rate indices for variable-rate products and changes in prepayment assumptions and loss estimates. The following table provides activity for the accretable yield of PCI loans:



	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Accretable yield, beginning balance	$	34,876		$	36,565
Acquisitions	—			—
Accretable yield amortized to interest income	(3,829		)	(4,619		)
Reclassification from non-accretable difference ⁽¹⁾	1,574			1,556
Increases in interest cash flows due to payments and changes in interest rates	1,471			2,190
Accretable yield, ending balance	$	34,092		$	35,692


(1)	Reclassification is the result of subsequent increases in expected principal cash flows.

Accretion to interest income accounted for under ASC 310-30 totaled $3.8 million and $4.6 million in the first quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively. These amounts are included within interest and fees on loans in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

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(7) Allowance for Loan Losses, Allowance for Losses on Lending-Related Commitments and Impaired Loans

The tables below show the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio at March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018:



As of March 31, 2019			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(Dollars in thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances:
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	38,858	$	—	$	1,787	$	38,094	$	5,172,214	$	5,250,953
Franchise	15,799		—		—		534		863,573		879,906
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit	—		—		—		—		174,284		174,284
Asset-based lending	1,135		—		—		7,821		1,031,878		1,040,834
Leases	—		—		—		2,796		620,088		622,884
PCI - commercial ⁽¹⁾	—		2,499		—		455		22,376		25,330
Total commercial	55,792		2,499		1,787		49,700		7,884,413		7,994,191
Commercial real estate:
Construction	1,030		—		496		3,877		798,266		803,669
Land	54		—		—		3,888		143,759		147,701
Office	4,482		—		—		3,364		918,529		926,375
Industrial	267		—		1,039		10,643		953,011		964,960
Retail	7,645		—		—		8,149		879,473		895,267
Multi-family	303		—		187		675		1,116,220		1,117,385
Mixed use and other	2,152		—		1,084		17,243		1,987,008		2,007,487
PCI - commercial real estate ⁽¹⁾	—		4,265		2,806		7,033		96,557		110,661
Total commercial real estate	15,933		4,265		5,612		54,872		6,892,823		6,973,505
Home equity	7,885		—		810		4,315		515,438		528,448
Residential real estate, including PCI	15,879		1,481		509		11,112		1,024,543		1,053,524
Premium finance receivables
Commercial insurance loans	14,797		6,558		5,628		20,767		2,941,038		2,988,788
Life insurance loans	—		168		4,788		35,046		4,349,597		4,389,599
PCI - life insurance loans ⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		—		165,770		165,770
Consumer and other, including PCI	326		280		47		350		119,801		120,804
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	110,612	$	15,251	$	19,181	$	176,162	$	23,893,423	$	24,214,629



As of December 31, 2018			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(Dollars in thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances:
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	34,298	$	—	$	1,451	$	21,618	$	5,062,729	$	5,120,096
Franchise	16,051		—		—		8,738		924,190		948,979
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit	—		—		—		—		144,199		144,199
Asset-based lending	635		—		200		3,156		1,022,065		1,026,056
Leases	—		—		—		1,250		564,430		565,680
PCI - commercial ⁽¹⁾	—		3,313		—		99		20,116		23,528
Total commercial	50,984		3,313		1,651		34,861		7,737,729		7,828,538
Commercial real estate
Construction	1,554		—		—		9,424		749,846		760,824
Land	107		—		170		107		141,097		141,481
Office	3,629		—		877		5,077		929,739		939,322
Industrial	285		—		—		16,596		885,367		902,248
Retail	10,753		—		1,890		1,729		878,106		892,478
Multi-family	311		—		77		5,575		970,597		976,560
Mixed use and other	2,490		—		1,617		8,983		2,192,105		2,205,195
PCI - commercial real estate ⁽¹⁾	—		6,241		6,195		4,075		98,633		115,144
Total commercial real estate	19,129		6,241		10,826		51,566		6,845,490		6,933,252
Home equity	7,147		—		131		3,105		541,960		552,343
Residential real estate, including PCI	16,383		1,292		1,692		6,171		976,926		1,002,464
Premium finance receivables
Commercial insurance loans	11,335		7,799		11,382		15,085		2,796,058		2,841,659
Life insurance loans	—		—		8,407		24,628		4,340,856		4,373,891
PCI - life insurance loans ⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		—		167,903		167,903
Consumer and other, including PCI	348		227		87		733		119,246		120,641
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	105,326	$	18,872	$	34,176	$	136,149	$	23,526,168	$	23,820,691


(1)	PCI loans represent loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination, in accordance with ASC 310-30. Loan agings are based upon contractually required payments.

Table of Contents



As of March 31, 2018			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(Dollars in thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances:
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	10,051	$	—	$	594	$	31,475	$	4,518,760	$	4,560,880
Franchise	2,401		—		44		1,203		931,710		935,358
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit	—		—		—		5,771		157,699		163,470
Asset-based lending	1,194		—		47		12,611		963,883		977,735
Leases	361		—		—		3,170		410,667		414,198
PCI - commercial ⁽¹⁾	—		856		86		3		8,285		9,230
Total commercial	14,007		856		771		54,233		6,991,004		7,060,871
Commercial real estate:
Construction	3,139		—		—		9,576		802,921		815,636
Land	182		—		—		4,527		117,981		122,690
Office	474		—		925		11,466		878,206		891,071
Industrial	1,427		—		823		5,027		898,867		906,144
Retail	12,274		—		—		4,785		878,563		895,622
Multi-family	19		—		—		328		931,008		931,355
Mixed use and other	4,310		—		192		13,626		1,937,328		1,955,456
PCI - commercial real estate ⁽¹⁾	—		3,107		1,623		9,134		101,682		115,546
Total commercial real estate	21,825		3,107		3,563		58,469		6,546,556		6,633,520
Home equity	9,828		—		1,505		4,033		611,181		626,547
Residential real estate, including PCI	17,214		1,437		229		8,808		841,416		869,104
Premium finance receivables
Commercial insurance loans	17,342		8,547		6,543		17,756		2,525,962		2,576,150
Life insurance loans	—		—		5,125		11,420		3,986,181		4,002,726
PCI - life insurance loans ⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		—		187,235		187,235
Consumer and other, including PCI	720		269		216		291		104,485		105,981
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	80,936	$	14,216	$	17,952	$	155,010	$	21,794,020	$	22,062,134


(1)	PCI loans represent loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination, in accordance with ASC 310-30. Loan agings are based upon contractually required payments.

The Company's ability to manage credit risk depends in large part on our ability to properly identify and manage problem loans. To do so, the Company operates a credit risk rating system under which our credit management personnel assign a credit risk rating (1 to 10 rating) to each loan at the time of origination and review loans on a regular basis.

The Company’s Problem Loan Reporting system automatically includes all loans with credit risk ratings of 6 through 9. This system is designed to provide an on-going detailed tracking mechanism for each problem loan. Once management determines that a loan has deteriorated to a point where it has a credit risk rating of 6 or worse, the Company’s Managed Asset Division performs an overall credit and collateral review. As part of this review, all underlying collateral is identified and the valuation methodology is analyzed and tracked. As a result of this initial review by the Company’s Managed Asset Division, the credit risk rating is reviewed and a portion of the outstanding loan balance may be deemed uncollectible or an impairment reserve may be established. The Company’s impairment analysis utilizes an independent re-appraisal of the collateral (unless such a third-party evaluation is not possible due to the unique nature of the collateral, such as a closely-held business or thinly traded securities). In the case of commercial real estate collateral, an independent third party appraisal is ordered by the Company’s Real Estate Services Group to determine if there has been any change in the underlying collateral value. These independent appraisals are reviewed by the Real Estate Services Group and sometimes by independent third party valuation experts and may be adjusted depending upon market conditions.

Through the credit risk rating process, loans are reviewed to determine if they are performing in accordance with the original contractual terms. If the borrower has failed to comply with the original contractual terms, further action may be required by the Company, including a downgrade in the credit risk rating, movement to non-accrual status, a charge-off or the establishment of a specific impairment reserve. If a loan amount, or portion thereof, is determined to be uncollectible, the loan’s credit risk rating is immediately downgraded to an 8 or 9 and the uncollectible amount is charged-off. Any loan that has a partial charge-off continues to be assigned a credit risk rating of an 8 or 9 for the duration of time that a balance remains outstanding. The Company undertakes a thorough and ongoing analysis to determine if additional impairment and/or charge-offs are appropriate and to begin a workout plan for the credit to minimize actual losses.

If, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, a specific impairment reserve is established. In determining the appropriate charge-off for collateral-dependent loans, the Company considers the results of appraisals for the associated collateral.

Table of Contents

Non-performing loans include all non-accrual loans (8 and 9 risk ratings) as well as loans 90 days past due and still accruing interest, excluding PCI loans. The remainder of the portfolio is considered performing under the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The following table presents the recorded investment based on performance of loans by class, per the most recent analysis at March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018:



	Performing						Non-performing						Total
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018		March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018		March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Loan Balances:
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	5,212,095	$	5,085,798	$	4,550,829	$	38,858	$	34,298	$	10,051	$	5,250,953	$	5,120,096	$	4,560,880
Franchise	864,107		932,928		932,957		15,799		16,051		2,401		879,906		948,979		935,358
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit	174,284		144,199		163,470		—		—		—		174,284		144,199		163,470
Asset-based lending	1,039,699		1,025,421		976,541		1,135		635		1,194		1,040,834		1,026,056		977,735
Leases	622,884		565,680		413,837		—		—		361		622,884		565,680		414,198
PCI - commercial ⁽¹⁾	25,330		23,528		9,230		—		—		—		25,330		23,528		9,230
Total commercial	7,938,399		7,777,554		7,046,864		55,792		50,984		14,007		7,994,191		7,828,538		7,060,871
Commercial real estate
Construction	802,639		759,270		812,497		1,030		1,554		3,139		803,669		760,824		815,636
Land	147,647		141,374		122,508		54		107		182		147,701		141,481		122,690
Office	921,893		935,693		890,597		4,482		3,629		474		926,375		939,322		891,071
Industrial	964,693		901,963		904,717		267		285		1,427		964,960		902,248		906,144
Retail	887,622		881,725		883,348		7,645		10,753		12,274		895,267		892,478		895,622
Multi-family	1,117,082		976,249		931,336		303		311		19		1,117,385		976,560		931,355
Mixed use and other	2,005,335		2,202,705		1,951,146		2,152		2,490		4,310		2,007,487		2,205,195		1,955,456
PCI - commercial real estate⁽¹⁾	110,661		115,144		115,546		—		—		—		110,661		115,144		115,546
Total commercial real estate	6,957,572		6,914,123		6,611,695		15,933		19,129		21,825		6,973,505		6,933,252		6,633,520
Home equity	520,563		545,196		616,719		7,885		7,147		9,828		528,448		552,343		626,547
Residential real estate, including PCI	1,037,615		986,081		851,890		15,909		16,383		17,214		1,053,524		1,002,464		869,104
Premium finance receivables
Commercial insurance loans	2,967,433		2,822,525		2,550,261		21,355		19,134		25,889		2,988,788		2,841,659		2,576,150
Life insurance loans	4,389,431		4,373,891		4,002,726		168		—		—		4,389,599		4,373,891		4,002,726
PCI - life insurance loans ⁽¹⁾	165,770		167,903		187,235		—		—		—		165,770		167,903		187,235
Consumer and other, including PCI	120,260		120,184		105,054		544		457		927		120,804		120,641		105,981
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	24,097,043	$	23,707,457	$	21,972,444	$	117,586	$	113,234	$	89,690	$	24,214,629	$	23,820,691	$	22,062,134


(1)	PCI loans represent loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination, in accordance with ASC 310-30. See Note 6 - Loans for further discussion of these purchased loans.

Table of Contents

A summary of activity in the allowance for credit losses by loan portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:



Three months ended March 31, 2019				Commercial Real Estate			Home Equity			Residential Real Estate			Premium Finance Receivables			Consumer and Other			Total Loans
(Dollars in thousands)	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate			Home Equity			Residential Real Estate			Premium Finance Receivables			Consumer and Other			Total Loans
Allowance for credit losses
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	67,826		$	60,267		$	8,507		$	7,194		$	7,715		$	1,261		$	152,770
Other adjustments	—			(24		)	(7		)	(7		)	11			—			(27		)
Reclassification from allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments	—			(16		)	—			—			—			—			(16		)
Charge-offs	(503		)	(3,734		)	(88		)	(3		)	(2,210		)	(102		)	(6,640		)
Recoveries	318			480			62			29			556			56			1,501
Provision for credit losses	6,997			877			153			417			2,147			33			10,624
Allowance for loan losses at period end	$	74,638		$	57,850		$	8,627		$	7,630		$	8,219		$	1,248		$	158,212
Allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments at period end	$	—		$	1,410		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1,410
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	74,638		$	59,260		$	8,627		$	7,630		$	8,219		$	1,248		$	159,622
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	11,858		$	517		$	796		$	302		$	—		$	133		$	13,606
Collectively evaluated for impairment	62,317			58,623			7,831			7,267			8,219			1,115			145,372
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	463			120			—			61			—			—			644
Loans at period end
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	75,442		$	30,300		$	15,779		$	22,464		$	—		$	376		$	144,361
Collectively evaluated for impairment	7,893,419			6,832,544			512,669			921,204			7,378,387			117,753			23,655,976
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	25,330			110,661			—			8,785			165,770			2,675			313,221
Loans held at fair value	—			—			—			101,071			—			—			101,071



Three months ended March 31, 2018	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate			Home Equity			Residential Real Estate			Premium Finance Receivables			Consumer and Other			Total Loans
(Dollars in thousands)	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate			Home Equity			Residential Real Estate			Premium Finance Receivables			Consumer and Other			Total Loans
Allowance for credit losses
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	57,811		$	55,227		$	10,493		$	6,688		$	6,846		$	840		$	137,905
Other adjustments	(1		)	(24		)	—			(3		)	(12		)	—			(40		)
Reclassification from allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments	—			26			—			—			—			—			26
Charge-offs	(2,687		)	(813		)	(357		)	(571		)	(4,721		)	(129		)	(9,278		)
Recoveries	262			1,687			123			40			385			47			2,544
Provision for credit losses	2,251			1,378			(399		)	124			4,835			157			8,346
Allowance for loan losses at period end	$	57,636		$	57,481		$	9,860		$	6,278		$	7,333		$	915		$	139,503
Allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments at period end	$	—		$	1,243		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1,243
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	57,636		$	58,724		$	9,860		$	6,278		$	7,333		$	915		$	140,746
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	2,344		$	3,611		$	749		$	148		$	—		$	25		$	6,877
Collectively evaluated for impairment	54,789			55,042			9,111			6,029			7,333			890			133,194
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	503			71			—			101			—			—			675
Loans at period end
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	33,810		$	38,237		$	10,102		$	20,558		$	—		$	748		$	103,455
Collectively evaluated for impairment	7,017,831			6,479,737			616,445			768,859			6,578,876			103,224			21,564,972
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality	9,230			115,546			—			11,725			187,235			2,009			325,745
Loans held at fair value	—			—			—			67,962			—			—			67,962

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Impaired Loans

A summary of impaired loans, including troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs"), is as follows:



	March 31,		December 31,		March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2019		2018		2018
Impaired loans (included in non-performing and TDRs):
Impaired loans with an allowance for loan loss required ⁽¹⁾	$	72,539	$	60,219	$	37,572
Impaired loans with no allowance for loan loss required	71,579		67,050		65,559
Total impaired loans ⁽²⁾	$	144,118	$	127,269	$	103,131
Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans	$	13,599	$	11,437	$	6,863
TDRs	$	88,362	$	66,102	$	47,676


(1)	These impaired loans require an allowance for loan losses because the estimated fair value of the loans or related collateral is less than the recorded investment in the loans.


(2)	Impaired loans are considered by the Company to be non-accrual loans, TDRs or loans with principal and/or interest at risk, even if the loan is current with all payments of principal and interest.

Table of Contents

The following tables present impaired loans by loan class for the periods ended as follows:



							For the Three Months Ended
	As of March 31, 2019						March 31, 2019
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
(Dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans with a related ASC 310 allowance recorded
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	33,360	$	33,623	$	6,919	$	33,641	$	656
Franchise	15,776		16,256		4,702		15,855		243
Asset-based lending	331		331		237		335		7
Leases	1,691		1,691		—		1,701		21
Commercial real estate
Construction	—		—		—		—		—
Land	45		45		9		45		1
Office	3,055		3,120		149		3,070		35
Industrial	—		—		—		—		—
Retail	5,114		5,114		41		5,116		51
Multi-family	1,185		1,185		30		1,185		12
Mixed use and other	1,082		1,118		281		1,085		13
Home equity	6,316		6,694		796		6,335		60
Residential real estate	4,390		4,664		302		4,403		42
Consumer and other	194		241		133		195		3
Impaired loans with no related ASC 310 allowance recorded
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	17,411	$	20,125	$	—	$	17,481	$	316
Franchise	5,145		5,147		—		5,147		101
Asset-based lending	934		1,332		—		1,120		24
Leases	794		831		—		810		13
Commercial real estate
Construction	2,146		2,671		—		2,496		33
Land	3,285		3,380		—		3,301		47
Office	1,991		2,006		—		1,993		29
Industrial	295		432		—		304		7
Retail	8,059		11,405		—		10,198		150
Multi-family	303		403		—		306		3
Mixed use and other	3,496		3,812		—		3,528		58
Home equity	9,463		12,658		—		9,560		155
Residential real estate	18,075		20,823		—		18,098		225
Consumer and other	182		276		—		184		3
Total impaired loans, net of unearned income	$	144,118	$	159,383	$	13,599	$	147,492	$	2,308

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							For the Twelve Months Ended
	As of December 31, 2018						December 31, 2018
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
(Dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans with a related ASC 310 allowance recorded
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	16,703	$	17,029	$	4,866	$	17,868	$	1,181
Franchise	16,021		16,256		1,375		16,221		909
Asset-based lending	557		557		317		689		50
Leases	1,730		1,730		—		1,812		91
Commercial real estate
Construction	1,554		1,554		550		1,554		76
Land	—		—		—		—		—
Office	573		638		21		587		25
Industrial	—		—		—		—		—
Retail	14,633		14,633		3,413		14,694		676
Multi-family	—		—		—		—		—
Mixed use and other	1,188		1,221		293		1,354		66
Home equity	3,133		3,470		282		3,165		131
Residential real estate	4,011		4,263		204		4,056		159
Consumer and other	116		129		116		119		7
Impaired loans with no related ASC 310 allowance recorded
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	18,314	$	21,501	$	—	$	20,547	$	1,143
Franchise	5,152		5,154		—		5,320		403
Asset-based lending	207		601		—		569		51
Leases	845		879		—		936		56
Commercial real estate
Construction	1,117		1,117		—		1,218		52
Land	3,396		3,491		—		3,751		198
Office	3,629		3,642		—		3,651		184
Industrial	322		450		—		363		30
Retail	1,592		1,945		—		1,699		110
Multi-family	1,498		1,595		—		1,529		55
Mixed use and other	3,522		3,836		—		3,611		227
Home equity	9,122		12,383		—		9,323		564
Residential real estate	18,053		20,765		—		18,552		883
Consumer and other	281		407		—		293		20
Total impaired loans, net of unearned income	$	127,269	$	139,246	$	11,437	$	133,481	$	7,347

Table of Contents



							For the Three Months Ended
	As of March 31, 2018						March 31, 2018
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
(Dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans with a related ASC 310 allowance recorded
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	5,521	$	5,587	$	1,738	$	5,607	$	83
Franchise	—		—		—		—		—
Asset-based lending	1,107		1,107		475		1,166		20
Leases	2,213		2,221		131		2,247		27
Commercial real estate
Construction	3,097		3,897		599		3,097		50
Land	1,500		1,500		3		1,567		17
Office	1,479		2,078		73		1,483		24
Industrial	63		172		1		63		2
Retail	15,347		15,415		2,512		15,315		166
Multi-family	1,234		1,277		21		1,254		12
Mixed use and other	2,036		2,281		388		2,054		30
Home equity	1,697		1,889		749		1,699		19
Residential real estate	2,253		2,956		148		2,258		33
Consumer and other	25		27		25		25		—
Impaired loans with no related ASC 310 allowance recorded
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	5,480	$	6,777	$	—	$	5,650	$	109
Franchise	18,657		18,661		—		18,675		239
Asset-based lending	86		231		—		182		3
Leases	746		746		—		754		11
Commercial real estate
Construction	1,363		1,364		—		1,364		15
Land	2,329		2,434		—		2,339		31
Office	59		754		—		61		11
Industrial	1,427		1,485		—		1,430		20
Retail	2,695		2,992		—		2,710		58
Multi-family	—		84		—		—		1
Mixed use and other	5,284		5,981		—		5,340		80
Home equity	8,405		12,535		—		8,255		151
Residential real estate	18,305		20,983		—		18,630		222
Consumer and other	723		870		—		726		12
Total impaired loans, net of unearned income	$	103,131	$	116,304	$	6,863	$	103,951	$	1,446

TDRs

The Company’s approach to restructuring loans, excluding PCI loans, is built on its credit risk rating system which requires credit management personnel to assign a credit risk rating to each loan. In each case, the loan officer is responsible for recommending a credit risk rating for each loan and ensuring the credit risk ratings are appropriate. These credit risk ratings are then reviewed and approved by the bank’s chief credit officer and/or concurrence credit officer. Credit risk ratings are determined by evaluating a number of factors including a borrower’s financial strength, cash flow coverage, collateral protection and guarantees. The Company’s credit risk rating scale is one through ten with higher scores indicating higher risk. In the case of loans rated six or worse following modification, the Company’s Managed Assets Division evaluates the loan and the credit risk rating and determines that the loan has been restructured to be reasonably assured of repayment and of performance according to the modified terms and is supported by a current, well-documented credit assessment of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects for repayment under the revised terms.

A modification of a loan, excluding PCI loans, with an existing credit risk rating of 6 or worse or a modification of any other credit, which will result in a restructured credit risk rating of six or worse, must be reviewed for possible TDR classification. In that event, our Managed Assets Division conducts an overall credit and collateral review. A modification of these loans is considered to be a TDR if both (1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and (2) for economic or legal reasons, the bank grants a concession to a borrower

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that it would not otherwise consider. The modification of a loan, excluding PCI loans, where the credit risk rating is 5 or better both before and after such modification is not considered to be a TDR. Based on the Company’s credit risk rating system, it considers that borrowers whose credit risk rating is 5 or better are not experiencing financial difficulties and therefore, are not considered TDRs.

All credits determined to be a TDR will continue to be classified as a TDR in all subsequent periods, unless the borrower has been in compliance with the loan’s modified terms for a period of six months (including over a calendar year-end) and the current interest rate represents a market rate at the time of restructuring. The Managed Assets Division, in consultation with the respective loan officer, determines whether the modified interest rate represented a current market rate at the time of restructuring. Using knowledge of current market conditions and rates, competitive pricing on recent loan originations, and an assessment of various characteristics of the modified loan (including collateral position and payment history), an appropriate market rate for a new borrower with similar risk is determined. If the modified interest rate meets or exceeds this market rate for a new borrower with similar risk, the modified interest rate represents a market rate at the time of restructuring. Additionally, before removing a loan from TDR classification, a review of the current or previously measured impairment on the loan and any concerns related to future performance by the borrower is conducted. If concerns exist about the future ability of the borrower to meet its obligations under the loans based on a credit review by the Managed Assets Division, the TDR classification is not removed from the loan.

TDRs are reviewed at the time of the modification and on a quarterly basis to determine if a specific reserve is necessary. The carrying amount of the loan is compared to the expected payments to be received, discounted at the loan's original rate, or for collateral dependent loans, to the fair value of the collateral. Any shortfall is recorded as a specific reserve. The Company, in accordance with ASC 310-10, continues to individually measure impairment of these loans after the TDR classification is removed.

Each TDR was reviewed for impairment at March 31, 2019 and approximately $6.7 million of impairment was present and appropriately reserved for through the Company’s normal reserving methodology in the Company’s allowance for loan losses. For TDRs in which impairment is calculated by the present value of future cash flows, the Company records interest income representing the decrease in impairment resulting from the passage of time during the respective period, which differs from interest income from contractually required interest on these specific loans. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $34,000 and $21,000, respectively, of interest income, which was reflected as a decrease in impairment.

TDRs may arise when, due to financial difficulties experienced by the borrower, the Company obtains through physical possession one or more collateral assets in satisfaction of all or part of an existing credit. Once possession is obtained, the Company reclassifies the appropriate portion of the remaining balance of the credit from loans to OREO, which is included within other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Condition. For any residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan, the Company is considered to possess the related collateral only if legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure, or the borrower conveys all interest in the residential real estate property to the Company through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or similar legal agreement. At March 31, 2019, the Company had $4.2 million of foreclosed residential real estate properties included within OREO. Furthermore, the recorded investment in residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $14.2 million and $11.4 million at March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The tables below present a summary of the post-modification balance of loans restructured during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which represent TDRs:



Three months ended March 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands)	Total ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾			Extension at Below Market Terms ⁽²⁾			Reduction of Interest Rate ⁽²⁾			Modification to Interest-only Payments ⁽²⁾			Forgiveness of Debt⁽²⁾
Three months ended March 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands)	Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	8	$	18,854	1	$	432	—	$	—	7	$	18,422	—	$	—
Asset-based lending	1	76		1	76		—	—		—	—		—	—
Commercial real estate
Mixed use and other	1	302		—	—		—	—		1	302		—	—
Residential real estate and other	20	4,486		20	4,486		6	1,547		—	—		—	—
Total loans	30	$	23,718	22	$	4,994	6	$	1,547	8	$	18,724	—	$	—


(1)	TDRs may have more than one modification representing a concession. As such, TDRs during the period may be represented in more than one of the categories noted above.


(2)	Balances represent the recorded investment in the loan at the time of the restructuring.

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Three months ended March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands)	Total ⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾			Extension at Below Market Terms ⁽²⁾			Reduction of Interest Rate ⁽²⁾			Modification to Interest-only Payments ⁽²⁾			Forgiveness of Debt⁽²⁾
Three months ended March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands)	Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	1	$	96	1	$	96	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—
Commercial real estate
Office	1	59		1	59		—	—		—	—		—	—
Mixed use and other	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—
Residential real estate and other	5	835		5	835		2	111		—	—		—	—
Total loans	7	$	990	7	$	990	2	$	111	—	$	—	—	$	—


(1)	TDRs may have more than one modification representing a concession. As such, TDRs during the period may be represented in more than one of the categories noted above.


(2)	Balances represent the recorded investment in the loan at the time of the restructuring.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, 30 loans totaling $23.7 million were determined to be TDRs, compared to seven loans totaling $990,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Of these loans extended at below market terms, the weighted average extension had a term of approximately 12 months during the quarter ended March 31, 2019 compared to 74 months for the quarter ended March 31, 2018. Further, the weighted average decrease in the stated interest rate for loans with a reduction of interest rate during the period was approximately 211 basis points and 287 basis points during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Interest-only payment terms were approximately three months during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Additionally, no principal balances were forgiven in the first quarter of 2019 and 2018.

The following table presents a summary of all loans restructured in TDRs during the twelve months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, and such loans which were in payment default under the restructured terms during the respective periods below:



(Dollars in thousands)	As of March 31, 2019			Three Months Ended March 31, 2019			As of March 31, 2018			Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
	Total ⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾			Payments in Default⁽²⁾⁽³⁾			Total ⁽¹⁾⁽³⁾			Payments in Default⁽²⁾⁽³⁾
	Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	11	$	32,199	1	$	77	5	$	3,776	5	$	3,776
Franchise	3	5,157		—	—		—	—		—	—
Asset-based lending	2	206		2	206		—	—		—	—
Leases	1	239		—	—		3	16,256		—	—
Commercial real estate
Office	—	—		—	—		1	59		—	—
Mixed use and other	3	757		3	757		—	—		—	—
Residential real estate and other	74	13,411		9	1,759		15	3,711		5	2,551
Total loans	94	$	51,969	15	$	2,799	24	$	23,802	10	$	6,327


(1)	Total TDRs represent all loans restructured in TDRs during the previous twelve months from the date indicated.


(2)	TDRs considered to be in payment default are over 30 days past-due subsequent to the restructuring.


(3)	Balances represent the recorded investment in the loan at the time of the restructuring.

(8) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

A summary of the Company’s goodwill assets by business segment is presented in the following table:



(Dollars in thousands)	January 1, 2019		Goodwill Acquired		Impairment Loss		Goodwill Adjustments		March 31, 2019
Community banking	$	465,085	$	—	$	—	$	37	$	465,122
Specialty finance	38,343		—		—		480		38,823
Wealth management	69,713		—		—		—		69,713
Total	$	573,141	$	—	$	—	$	517	$	573,658

The community banking segment's goodwill increased $37,000 in the first quarter of 2019 primarily as a result of a purchase accounting adjustment related to the acquisition of Delaware Place Bank. The specialty finance segment's goodwill increased $480,000 in the first quarter of 2019 as a result of foreign currency translation adjustments related to the Canadian acquisitions.

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At June 30, 2018, the Company utilized a qualitative approach for its annual goodwill impairment test of the community banking segment and determined that it is not more likely than not that an impairment existed at that time. At December 31, 2018, the Company utilized a quantitative approach for its annual goodwill impairment tests of the specialty finance and wealth management segments and determined that no impairment existed at that time. At each reporting date between annual goodwill impairment tests, the Company considers potential indicators of impairment. As of March 31, 2019, the Company identified no such indicators of goodwill impairment within the community banking, specialty finance and wealth management segments.

A summary of intangible assets as of the dates shown and the expected amortization of finite-lived intangible assets as of March 31, 2019 is as follows:



(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2018
Community banking segment:
Core deposit intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	55,447		$	55,366		$	37,272
Accumulated amortization	(31,022		)	(29,406		)	(26,280		)
Net carrying amount	$	24,425		$	25,960		$	10,992
Trademark with indefinite lives:
Carrying amount	5,800			5,800			5,800
Total net carrying amount	$	30,225		$	31,760		$	16,792
Specialty finance segment:
Customer list intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	1,961		$	1,958		$	1,967
Accumulated amortization	(1,468		)	(1,436		)	(1,335		)
Net carrying amount	$	493		$	522		$	632
Wealth management segment:
Customer list and other intangibles with finite lives:
Gross carrying amount	$	20,430		$	20,430		$	7,940
Accumulated amortization	(4,582		)	(3,288		)	(2,951		)
Net carrying amount	$	15,848		$	17,142		$	4,989
Total intangible assets:
Gross carrying amount	$	83,638		$	83,554		$	52,979
Accumulated amortization	(37,072		)	(34,130		)	(30,566		)
Total intangible assets, net	$	46,566		$	49,424		$	22,413



Estimated amortization
Actual in three months ended March 31, 2019	$	2,942
Estimated remaining in 2019	8,414
Estimated—2020	9,595
Estimated—2021	6,385
Estimated—2022	4,957
Estimated—2023	3,630

The core deposit intangibles recognized in connection with prior bank acquisitions are amortized over a ten-year period on an accelerated basis. The customer list intangibles recognized in connection with the purchase of life insurance premium finance assets in 2009 are being amortized over an 18-year period on an accelerated basis. The customer list and other intangibles recognized in connection with prior acquisitions within the wealth management segment are being amortized over a period of up to ten years on a straight-line basis. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of certain trade and domain names recognized in connection with the Veterans First acquisition. As indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, the Company assesses impairment on at least an annual basis.

Total amortization expense associated with finite-lived intangibles totaled approximately $2.9 million and $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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(9) Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSRs”)

The following is a summary of the changes in the carrying value of MSRs, accounted for at fair value, for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,			March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2019			2018
Balance at beginning of the period	$	75,183		$	33,676
Additions from loans sold with servicing retained	6,580			4,159
Additions from acquisitions	—			13,806
Estimate of changes in fair value due to:
Payoffs and paydowns	(1,997		)	(1,202		)
Changes in valuation inputs or assumptions	(8,744		)	4,133
Fair value at end of the period	$	71,022		$	54,572
Unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans serviced for others	$	7,014,269		$	4,795,335

The Company recognizes MSR assets upon the sale of residential real estate loans to external third parties when it retains the obligation to service the loans and the servicing fee is more than adequate compensation. The initial recognition of MSR assets from loans sold with servicing retained and subsequent changes in fair value of all MSRs are recognized in mortgage banking revenue. MSRs are subject to changes in value from actual and expected prepayment of the underlying loans. The Company did not specifically hedge the value of its MSRs during the first quarter of 2019 and 2018.

Fair values are determined by using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the objective characteristics of the portfolio as well as subjective valuation parameters that purchasers of servicing would apply to such portfolios sold into the secondary market. The subjective factors include loan prepayment speeds, discount rates, servicing costs and other economic factors. The Company uses a third party to assist in the valuation of MSRs.

(10) Deposits

The following table is a summary of deposits as of the dates shown:



(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2018
Balance:
Non-interest bearing	$	6,353,456		$	6,569,880		$	6,612,319
NOW and interest bearing demand deposits	2,948,576			2,897,133			2,315,122
Wealth management deposits	3,328,781			2,996,764			2,495,134
Money market	6,093,596			5,704,866			4,617,122
Savings	2,729,626			2,665,194			2,901,504
Time certificates of deposit	5,350,707			5,260,841			4,338,126
Total deposits	$	26,804,742		$	26,094,678		$	23,279,327
Mix:
Non-interest bearing	24		%	25		%	28		%
NOW and interest bearing demand deposits	11			11			10
Wealth management deposits	12			12			11
Money market	23			22			20
Savings	10			10			12
Time certificates of deposit	20			20			19
Total deposits	100		%	100		%	100		%

Wealth management deposits represent deposit balances (primarily money market accounts) at the Company’s subsidiary banks from brokerage customers of Wintrust Investments, LLC ("Wintrust Investments"), CDEC, trust and asset management customers of the Company and brokerage customers from unaffiliated companies.

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(11) FHLB Advances, Other Borrowings and Subordinated Notes

The following table is a summary of FHLB advances, other borrowings and subordinated notes as of the dates shown:



(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
FHLB advances	$	576,353	$	426,326	$	915,000
Other borrowings:
Notes payable	139,119		144,461		33,727
Short-term borrowings	16,212		50,593		17,977
Other	47,394		47,722		48,742
Secured borrowings	169,469		151,079		146,646
Total other borrowings	372,194		393,855		247,092
Subordinated notes	139,235		139,210		139,111
Total FHLB advances, other borrowings and subordinated notes	$	1,087,782	$	959,391	$	1,301,203

FHLB Advances

FHLB advances consist of obligations of the banks and are collateralized by qualifying commercial and residential real estate and home equity loans and certain securities. FHLB advances are stated at par value of the debt adjusted for unamortized prepayment fees paid at the time of prior restructurings of FHLB advances and unamortized fair value adjustments recorded in connection with advances acquired through acquisitions and debt issuance costs.

Notes Payable

On September 18, 2018, the Company established a $150.0 million term facility ("Term Facility"), which is part of a $200.0 million loan agreement ("Credit Agreement") with unaffiliated banks. The Credit Agreement consists of the Term Facility with an original outstanding balance of $150.0 million and a $50.0 million revolving credit facility ("Revolving Credit Facility"). At March 31, 2019, the Company had a notes payable balance of $139.1 million under the Term Facility. The Term Facility is stated at par of the current outstanding balance of the debt adjusted for unamortized costs paid by the Company in relation to the debt issuance. The Company was contractually required to borrow the entire amount of the Term Facility on September 18, 2018 and all such borrowings must be repaid by September 18, 2023. Beginning December 31, 2018, the Company is required to make quarterly payments of principal plus interest on the Term Facility. At March 31, 2019, the Company had no outstanding balance under the Revolving Credit Facility. As no outstanding balance exists on the Revolving Credit Facility, unamortized costs paid by the Company in relation to the issuance of this debt are classified in other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Condition.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement that are considered “Base Rate Loans” bear interest at a rate equal to the sum of (1) 50 basis points (in the case of a borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility) or 75 basis points (in the case of a borrowing under the Term Facility) plus (2) the highest of (a) the federal funds rate plus 50 basis points, (b) the lender's prime rate, and (c) the Eurodollar Rate (as defined below) that would be applicable for an interest period of one month plus 100 basis points. Borrowings under the agreement that are considered “Eurodollar Rate Loans” bear interest at a rate equal to the sum of (1) 125 basis points (in the case of a borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility) or 125 basis points (in the case of a borrowing under the Term Facility) plus (2) the LIBOR rate for the applicable period, as adjusted for statutory reserve requirements for eurocurrency liabilities (the “Eurodollar Rate”). A commitment fee is payable quarterly equal to 0.20% of the actual daily amount by which the lenders' commitment under the Revolving Credit Facility exceeded the amount outstanding under such facility.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are secured by pledges of and first priority perfected security interests in the Company's equity interest in its bank subsidiaries and contain several restrictive covenants, including the maintenance of various capital adequacy levels, asset quality and profitability ratios, and certain restrictions on dividends and other indebtedness. At March 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants. The Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Facility are available to be utilized, as needed, to provide capital to fund continued growth at the Company’s banks and to serve as an interim source of funds for acquisitions, common stock repurchases or other general corporate purposes.

In connection with the establishment of the Credit Agreement, all outstanding notes payable under a $150.0 million loan agreement with unaffiliated banks dated December 15, 2014 (as subsequently amended) were paid in full. This loan agreement consisted of a term facility with an original outstanding balance of $75.0 million and a $75.0 million revolving credit facility. The Company had a balance under this loan agreement of $33.7 million at March 31, 2018.

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Short-term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings include securities sold under repurchase agreements and federal funds purchased. These borrowings totaled $16.2 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $50.6 million at December 31, 2018 and $18.0 million at March 31, 2018. At March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, securities sold under repurchase agreements represent $16.2 million, $50.6 million and $18.0 million, respectively, of customer sweep accounts in connection with master repurchase agreements at the banks. The Company records securities sold under repurchase agreements at their gross value and does not offset positions on the Consolidated Statements of Condition. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had pledged securities related to its customer balances in sweep accounts of $53.3 million. Securities pledged for customer balances in sweep accounts and short-term borrowings from brokers are maintained under the Company’s control and consist of U.S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities. These securities are included in the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities portfolios as reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition.

The following is a summary of these securities pledged as of March 31, 2019 disaggregated by investment category and maturity of the related customer sweep account, and reconciled to the outstanding balance of securities sold under repurchase agreements:



(Dollars in thousands)	Overnight Sweep Collateral
Available-for-sale securities pledged
U.S. Government agencies	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities	38,942
Held-to-maturity securities pledged
U.S. Government agencies	14,400
Total collateral pledged	$	53,342
Excess collateral	37,130
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	16,212

Other Borrowings

Other borrowings at March 31, 2019 represent a fixed-rate promissory note issued by the Company in June 2017 ("Fixed-Rate Promissory Note") related to and secured by two office buildings owned by the Company. At March 31, 2019, the Fixed-Rate Promissory Note had a balance of $47.4 million compared to $47.7 million at December 31, 2018 and $48.7 million at March 31, 2018. Under the Fixed-Rate Promissory Note, the Company will make monthly principal payments and pay interest at a fixed rate of 3.36% until maturity on June 30, 2022. The Fixed-Rate Promissory Note contains several restrictive covenants, including the maintenance of various capital adequacy levels, asset quality and profitability ratios, and certain restrictions on dividends and indebtedness. At March 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all such covenants.

Secured Borrowings

Secured borrowings at March 31, 2019 primarily represents transactions to sell an undivided co-ownership interest in all receivables owed to the Company's subsidiary, First Insurance Funding of Canada ("FIFC Canada"). In December 2014, FIFC Canada sold such interest to an unrelated third party in exchange for a cash payment of approximately C$150 million pursuant to a receivables purchase agreement (“Receivables Purchase Agreement”). The Receivables Purchase Agreement was amended in December 2015, effectively extending the maturity date from December 15, 2015 to December 15, 2017. Additionally, at that time, the unrelated third party paid an additional C$10 million, which increased the total payments to C$160 million. The Receivables Purchase Agreement was again amended in December 2017, effectively extending the maturity date from December 15, 2017 to December 16, 2019. Additionally, in December 2017, the unrelated third party paid an additional C$10 million, which increased the total payments to C$170 million. In June 2018, the unrelated third party paid an additional C$20 million, which increased the total payments to C$190 million. In February 2019, the unrelated third party paid an additional C$20 million, which increased the total payments to C$210 million. These transactions were not considered sales of receivables and, as such, related proceeds received are reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition as a secured borrowing owed to the unrelated third party, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, and translated to the Company’s reporting currency as of the respective date. At March 31, 2019, the translated balance of the secured borrowing totaled $157.2 million compared to $139.3 million at December 31, 2018 and $131.7 million at March 31, 2018. Additionally, the interest rate under the Receivables Purchase Agreement at March 31, 2019 was 2.9398%. The remaining $12.3 million within secured borrowings at March 31, 2019 represents other sold interests in

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certain loans by the Company that were not considered sales and, as such, related proceeds received are reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition as a secured borrowing owed to the various unrelated third parties.

Subordinated Notes

At March 31, 2019, the Company had outstanding subordinated notes totaling $139.2 million compared to $139.2 million and $139.1 million outstanding at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively. The notes have a stated interest rate of 5.00% and mature in June 2024. These notes are stated at par adjusted for unamortized costs paid related to the issuance of this debt.

(12) Junior Subordinated Debentures

As of March 31, 2019, the Company owned 100% of the common securities of eleven trusts, Wintrust Capital Trust III, Wintrust Statutory Trust IV, Wintrust Statutory Trust V, Wintrust Capital Trust VII, Wintrust Capital Trust VIII, Wintrust Capital Trust IX, Northview Capital Trust I, Town Bankshares Capital Trust I, First Northwest Capital Trust I, Suburban Illinois Capital Trust II, and Community Financial Shares Statutory Trust II (the “Trusts”) set up to provide long-term financing. The Northview, Town, First Northwest, Suburban, and Community Financial Shares capital trusts were acquired as part of the acquisitions of Northview Financial Corporation, Town Bankshares, Ltd., First Northwest Bancorp, Inc., Suburban and CFIS, respectively. The Trusts were formed for purposes of issuing trust preferred securities to third-party investors and investing the proceeds from the issuance of the trust preferred securities and common securities solely in junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company (or assumed by the Company in connection with an acquisition), with the same maturities and interest rates as the trust preferred securities. The junior subordinated debentures are the sole assets of the Trusts. In each Trust, the common securities represent approximately 3% of the junior subordinated debentures and the trust preferred securities represent approximately 97% of the junior subordinated debentures.

The Trusts are reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as unconsolidated subsidiaries. Accordingly, in the Consolidated Statements of Condition, the junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company to the Trusts are reported as liabilities and the common securities of the Trusts, all of which are owned by the Company, are included in investment securities.

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s junior subordinated debentures as of March 31, 2019. The junior subordinated debentures represent the par value of the obligations owed to the Trusts.



(Dollars in thousands)	Common Securities		Trust Preferred Securities		Junior Subordinated Debentures		Rate Structure	Contractual rate at 3/31/2019		Issue Date	Maturity Date	Earliest Redemption Date
Wintrust Capital Trust III	$	774	$	25,000	$	25,774	L+3.25	6.04	%	04/2003	04/2033	04/2008
Wintrust Statutory Trust IV	619		20,000		20,619		L+2.80	5.39	%	12/2003	12/2033	12/2008
Wintrust Statutory Trust V	1,238		40,000		41,238		L+2.60	5.19	%	05/2004	05/2034	06/2009
Wintrust Capital Trust VII	1,550		50,000		51,550		L+1.95	4.56	%	12/2004	03/2035	03/2010
Wintrust Capital Trust VIII	1,238		25,000		26,238		L+1.45	4.04	%	08/2005	09/2035	09/2010
Wintrust Capital Trust IX	1,547		50,000		51,547		L+1.63	4.24	%	09/2006	09/2036	09/2011
Northview Capital Trust I	186		6,000		6,186		L+3.00	5.74	%	08/2003	11/2033	08/2008
Town Bankshares Capital Trust I	186		6,000		6,186		L+3.00	5.74	%	08/2003	11/2033	08/2008
First Northwest Capital Trust I	155		5,000		5,155		L+3.00	5.59	%	05/2004	05/2034	05/2009
Suburban Illinois Capital Trust II	464		15,000		15,464		L+1.75	4.36	%	12/2006	12/2036	12/2011
Community Financial Shares Statutory Trust II	109		3,500		3,609		L+1.62	4.23	%	06/2007	09/2037	06/2012
Total					$	253,566		4.82	%

The junior subordinated debentures totaled $253.6 million at March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018.

The interest rates on the variable rate junior subordinated debentures are based on the three-month LIBOR rate and reset on a quarterly basis. At March 31, 2019, the weighted average contractual interest rate on the junior subordinated debentures was 4.82%. Distributions on the common and preferred securities issued by the Trusts are payable quarterly at a rate per annum equal to the interest rates being earned by the Trusts on the junior subordinated debentures. Interest expense on the junior subordinated debentures is deductible for income tax purposes.

The Company has guaranteed the payment of distributions and payments upon liquidation or redemption of the trust preferred securities, in each case to the extent of funds held by the Trusts. The Company and the Trusts believe that, taken together, the obligations of the Company under the guarantees, the junior subordinated debentures, and other related agreements provide, in

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the aggregate, a full, irrevocable and unconditional guarantee, on a subordinated basis, of all of the obligations of the Trusts under the trust preferred securities. Subject to certain limitations, the Company has the right to defer the payment of interest on the junior subordinated debentures at any time, or from time to time, for a period not to exceed 20 consecutive quarters. The trust preferred securities are subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment of the junior subordinated debentures at maturity or their earlier redemption. The junior subordinated debentures are redeemable in whole or in part prior to maturity at any time after the earliest redemption dates shown in the table, and earlier at the discretion of the Company if certain conditions are met, and, in any event, only after the Company has obtained Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB") approval, if then required under applicable guidelines or regulations.

At March 31, 2019, the Company included $245.5 million of the junior subordinated debentures, net of common securities, in Tier 2 regulatory capital.

(13) Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents revenue from contracts with customers, disaggregated by the revenue source:



(Dollars in thousands)		Three Months Ended
Revenue from contracts with customers	Location in income statement	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018
Brokerage and insurance product commissions	Wealth management	$	4,516	$	6,031
Trust	Wealth management	5,327		3,417
Asset management	Wealth management	14,134		13,538
Total wealth management		23,977		22,986
Mortgage broker fees	Mortgage banking	182		279
Service charges on deposit accounts	Service charges on deposit accounts	8,848		8,857
Administrative services	Other non-interest income	1,030		1,061
Card related fees	Other non-interest income	2,556		2,139
Other deposit related fees	Other non-interest income	2,789		2,858
Total revenue from contracts with customers		$	39,382	$	38,180

Wealth Management Revenue

Wealth management revenue is comprised of brokerage and insurance product commissions, managed money fees and trust and asset management revenue of the Company's four wealth management subsidiaries: Wintrust Investments, Great Lakes Advisors, LLC ("GLA"), The Chicago Trust Company, N.A. ("CTC") and CDEC. All wealth management revenue is recognized in the wealth management segment.

Brokerage and insurance product commissions consists primarily of commissions earned from trade execution services on behalf of customers and from selling mutual funds, insurance and other investment products to customers. For trade execution services, the Company recognizes commissions and receives payment from the brokerage customers at the point of transaction execution. Commissions received from the investment or insurance product providers are recognized at the point of sale of the product. The Company also receives trail and other commissions from providers for certain plans. These are generally based on qualifying account values and are recognized once the performance obligation, specific to each provider, is satisfied on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis.

Trust revenue is earned primarily from trust and custody services that are generally performed over time as well as fees earned on funds held during the facilitation of tax-deferred like-kind exchange transactions. Revenue is determined periodically based on a schedule of fees applied to the value of each customer account using a time-elapsed method to measure progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. Fees are typically billed on a calendar month or quarter basis in advance or in arrears depending upon the contract. Upfront fees received related to the facilitation of tax-deferred like-kind exchange transactions are deferred until the transaction is completed. Additional fees earned for certain extraordinary services performed on behalf of the customers are recognized when the service has been performed.

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Asset management revenue is earned from money management and advisory services that are performed over time. Revenue is based primarily on the market value of assets under management or administration using a time-elapsed method to measure progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. Fees are typically billed on a calendar month or quarter basis in advance or in arrears depending upon the contract. Certain programs provide the customer with an option of paying fees as a percentage of the account value or incurring commission charges for each trade similar to brokerage and insurance product commissions. Trade commissions and any other fees received for additional services are recognized at a point in time once the performance obligation is satisfied.

Mortgage Broker Fees

For customers desiring a mortgage product not currently offered by the Company, the Company may refer such customers and, with permission, direct such customers' applications to certain third party mortgage brokers. Mortgage broker fees are received from these brokers for such customer referrals upon settlement of the underlying mortgage. The Company's entitlement to the consideration is contingent on the settlement of the mortgage which is highly susceptible to factors outside of the Company's influence, such as third party broker's underwriting requirements. Also, the uncertainty surrounding the consideration could be resolved in varying lengths of time, dependent upon the third party brokers. Therefore, mortgage broker fees are recognized at the settlement of the underlying mortgage when the consideration is received. Broker fees are recognized in the community banking segment.

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts

Service charges on deposit accounts include fees charged to deposit customers for various services, including account analysis services, and are based on factors such as the size and type of customer, type of product and number of transactions. The fees are based on a standard schedule of fees and, depending on the nature of the service performed, the service is performed at a point in time or over a period of a month. When the service is performed at a point in time, the Company recognizes and receives revenue when the service has been performed. When the service is performed over a period of a month, the Company recognizes and receives revenue in the month the service has been performed. Service charges on deposit accounts are recognized in the community banking segment.

Administrative Services

Administrative services revenue is earned from providing outsourced administrative services, such as data processing of payrolls, billing and cash management services, to temporary staffing service clients located throughout the United States. Fees are charged periodically (typically a payroll cycle) and computed in accordance with the contractually determined rate applied to the total gross billings administered for the period. The revenue is recognized over the period using a time-elapsed method to measure progress toward complete satisfaction of the performance obligation. Other fees are charged on a per occurrence basis as the service is provided in the billing cycle. The Company has certain contracts with customers to perform outsourced administrative services and short-term accounts receivable financing. For these contracts, the total fee is allocated between the administrative services revenue and interest income during the client onboarding process based on the specific client and services provided. Administrative services revenue is recognized in the specialty finance segment.

Card and Deposit Related Fees

Card related fees include interchange and merchant revenue, and fees related to debit and credit cards. Interchange revenue is related to the Company issued debit cards. Other deposit related fees primarily include pay by phone processing fees, ATM and safe deposit box fees, check order charges and foreign currency related fees. Card and deposit related fees are generally based on volume of transactions and are recognized at the point in time when the service has been performed. For any consideration that is constrained, the revenue is recognized once the uncertainty is known. Upfront fees received from certain contracts are recognized on a straight line basis over the term of the contract. Card and deposit related fees are recognized in the community banking segment.

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Contract Balances

The following table provides information about contract assets, contract liabilities and receivables from contracts with customers:



(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Contract assets	$	—	$	—	$	—

Contract liabilities	$	1,639	$	1,727	$	1,614

Mortgage broker fees receivable	$	34	$	44	$	20
Administrative services receivable	147		275		—
Wealth management receivable	10,397		13,610		8,111
Card related fees receivable	385		—		320
Total receivables from contracts with customer	$	10,963	$	13,929	$	8,451

Contract liabilities represent upfront fees that the Company received at inception of certain contracts. The revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance at beginning of the period totaled $92,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Receivables are recognized in the period the Company provides services when the Company's right to consideration is unconditional. Card related fee receivable is the result of volume based fee that the Company receives from a customer on an annual basis in the second quarter of each year. Payment terms on other invoiced amounts are typically 30 days or less. Contract liabilities and receivables from contracts with customers are included within the accrued interest payable and other liabilities and accrued interest receivable and other assets line items, respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Condition.

Transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations

For contracts with an original expected length of more than one year, the following table presents the estimated future timing of recognition of upfront fees related to card and deposit related fees. These upfront fees represent performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied at the end of the reporting period.



(Dollars in thousands)
Estimated remaining in 2019	$	671
Estimated—2020	369
Estimated—2021	303
Estimated—2022	153
Estimated—2023	143
Estimated—2024	—
Total	$	1,639

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

The Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component if the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between when the Company transfers a promised service to a customer and when the customer pays for that services is one year or less.

The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that the entity otherwise would have recognized is one year or less.

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(14) Segment Information

The Company’s operations consist of three primary segments: community banking, specialty finance and wealth management.

The three reportable segments are strategic business units that are separately managed as they offer different products and services and have different marketing strategies. In addition, each segment’s customer base has varying characteristics and each segment has a different regulatory environment. While the Company’s management monitors each of the fifteen bank subsidiaries’ operations and profitability separately, these subsidiaries have been aggregated into one reportable operating segment due to the similarities in products and services, customer base, operations, profitability measures, and economic characteristics.

For purposes of internal segment profitability, management allocates certain intersegment and parent company balances. Management allocates a portion of revenues to the specialty finance segment related to loans and leases originated by the specialty finance segment and sold or assigned to the community banking segment. Similarly, for purposes of analyzing the contribution from the wealth management segment, management allocates a portion of the net interest income earned by the community banking segment on deposit balances of customers of the wealth management segment to the wealth management segment. See Note 10 — Deposits, for more information on these deposits. Finally, expenses incurred at the Wintrust parent company are allocated to each segment based on each segment's risk-weighted assets.

The segment financial information provided in the following tables has been derived from the internal profitability reporting system used by management to monitor and manage the financial performance of the Company. The accounting policies of the segments are substantially similar to those described in “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Note 1 of the Company’s 2018 Form 10-K. The Company evaluates segment performance based on after-tax profit or loss and other appropriate profitability measures common to each segment.

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The following is a summary of certain operating information for reportable segments:



	Three months ended						$ Change in Contribution			% Change in Contribution
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018			$ Change in Contribution			% Change in Contribution
Net interest income:
Community Banking	$	211,424		$	183,254		$	28,170		15	%
Specialty Finance	37,706			32,912			4,794			15
Wealth Management	7,502			4,441			3,061			69
Total Operating Segments	256,632			220,607			36,025			16
Intersegment Eliminations	5,354			4,475			879			20
Consolidated net interest income	$	261,986		$	225,082		$	36,904		16	%
Non-interest income:
Community Banking	$	48,267		$	56,547		$	(8,280	)	(15	)%
Specialty Finance	19,606			15,725			3,881			25
Wealth Management	25,035			22,958			2,077			9
Total Operating Segments	92,908			95,230			(2,322		)	(2	)
Intersegment Eliminations	(11,251		)	(9,551		)	(1,700		)	(18	)
Consolidated non-interest income	$	81,657		$	85,679		$	(4,022	)	(5	)%
Net revenue:
Community Banking	$	259,691		$	239,801		$	19,890		8	%
Specialty Finance	57,312			48,637			8,675			18
Wealth Management	32,537			27,399			5,138			19
Total Operating Segments	349,540			315,837			33,703			11
Intersegment Eliminations	(5,897		)	(5,076		)	(821		)	(16	)
Consolidated net revenue	$	343,643		$	310,761		$	32,882		11	%
Segment profit:
Community Banking	$	60,326		$	57,280		$	3,046		5	%
Specialty Finance	21,848			20,000			1,848			9
Wealth Management	6,972			4,701			2,271			48
Consolidated net income	$	89,146		$	81,981		$	7,165		9	%
Segment assets:
Community Banking	$	25,997,025		$	23,213,499		$	2,783,526		12	%
Specialty Finance	5,234,210			4,568,906			665,304			15
Wealth Management	1,127,386			674,367			453,019			67
Consolidated total assets	$	32,358,621		$	28,456,772		$	3,901,849		14	%

(15) Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company primarily enters into derivative financial instruments as part of its strategy to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates. Derivative instruments represent contracts between parties that result in one party delivering cash to the other party based on a notional amount and an underlying term (such as a rate, security price or price index) as specified in the contract. The amount of cash delivered from one party to the other is determined based on the interaction of the notional amount of the contract with the underlying term. Derivatives are also implicit in certain contracts and commitments.

The derivative financial instruments currently used by the Company to manage its exposure to interest rate risk include: (1) interest rate swaps and collars to manage the interest rate risk of certain fixed and variable rate assets and variable rate liabilities; (2) interest rate lock commitments provided to customers to fund certain mortgage loans to be sold into the secondary market; (3) forward commitments for the future delivery of such mortgage loans to protect the Company from adverse changes in interest rates and corresponding changes in the value of mortgage loans held-for-sale; and (4) covered call options to economically hedge specific investment securities and receive fee income effectively enhancing the overall yield on such securities to compensate for net interest margin compression. The Company also enters into derivatives (typically interest rate swaps) with certain qualified borrowers to facilitate the borrowers’ risk management strategies and concurrently enters into mirror-image derivatives with a

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third party counterparty, effectively making a market in the derivatives for such borrowers. Additionally, the Company enters into foreign currency contracts to manage foreign exchange risk associated with certain foreign currency denominated assets.

The Company recognizes derivative financial instruments in the consolidated financial statements at fair value regardless of the purpose or intent for holding the instrument. The Company records derivative assets and derivative liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Condition within accrued interest receivable and other assets and accrued interest payable and other liabilities, respectively. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are either recognized in income or in shareholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss depending on whether the derivative financial instrument qualifies for hedge accounting and, if so, whether it qualifies as a fair value hedge or cash flow hedge.

Changes in fair values of derivatives accounted for as fair value hedges are recorded in income in the same period and in the same income statement line as changes in the fair values of the hedged items that relate to the hedged risk(s). Changes in fair values of derivative financial instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss, net of deferred taxes, and reclassified to earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Changes in fair values of derivative financial instruments not designated in a hedging relationship pursuant to ASC 815 are reported in non-interest income during the period of the change. Derivative financial instruments are valued by a third party and are corroborated by comparison with valuations provided by the respective counterparties. Fair values of certain mortgage banking derivatives (interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments to sell mortgage loans) are estimated based on changes in mortgage interest rates from the date of the loan commitment. The fair value of foreign currency derivatives is computed based on changes in foreign currency rates stated in the contract compared to those prevailing at the measurement date.

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as of March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018:



	Derivative Assets						Derivative Liabilities
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018		March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:
Interest rate derivatives designated as Cash Flow Hedges	$	3,353	$	6,270	$	15,012	$	2,589	$	1,656	$	35
Interest rate derivatives designated as Fair Value Hedges	1,260		2,636		4,962		3,167		1,756		—
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815	$	4,613	$	8,906	$	19,974	$	5,756	$	3,412	$	35
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815:
Interest rate derivatives	$	63,704	$	59,519	$	52,996	$	63,536	$	59,159	$	52,408
Interest rate lock commitments	4,387		3,405		5,449		—		2,694		1,207
Forward commitments to sell mortgage loans	2,416		—		3		4,180		1,486		1,464
Foreign exchange contracts	384		1,342		538		396		1,337		585
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC 815	$	70,891	$	64,266	$	58,986	$	68,112	$	64,676	$	55,664
Total Derivatives	$	75,504	$	73,172	$	78,960	$	73,868	$	68,088	$	55,699

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to net interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate collars designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of amounts in which the interest rate specified in the contract exceeds the agreed upon cap strike price or the payment of amounts in which the interest rate specified in the contract is below the agreed upon floor strike price at the end of each period.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had three interest rate swap derivatives designated as cash flow hedges of variable rate deposits and one interest rate collar derivative designated as a cash flow hedge of variable rate debt. When the relationship between the hedged item and hedging instrument is highly effective at achieving offsetting changes in cash flows attributable to the hedged risk, changes in the fair value of these cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss and are

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subsequently reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on such variable rate deposits. The changes in fair value (net of tax) are separately disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The table below provides details on each of these cash flow hedges as of March 31, 2019:



	March 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Notional		Fair Value
Maturity Date	Amount		Asset (Liability)
Interest Rate Swaps:
June 2019	$	200,000	$	429
July 2019	250,000		1,083
August 2019	275,000		1,841
Interest Rate Collars:
September 2023	139,286		(2,589		)
Total Cash Flow Hedges	$	864,286	$	764

A rollforward of the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss related to interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges follows:



	Three months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Unrealized gain at beginning of period	$	10,742		$	11,902
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to interest expense on deposits and other borrowings	(3,562		)	(680		)
Amount of (loss) gain recognized in other comprehensive income	(1,434		)	3,755
Unrealized gain at end of period	$	5,746		$	14,977

As of March 31, 2019, the Company estimates that during the next twelve months $7.7 million will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income or loss as a reduction to interest expense.

Fair Value Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges involve the payment of fixed amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Company receiving variable payments over the life of the agreements without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. As of March 31, 2019, the Company has sixteen interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $172.3 million that were designated as fair value hedges primarily associated with fixed rate commercial and industrial and commercial real estate loans as well as life insurance premium finance receivables. One of these interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $6.9 million was effective starting after March 31, 2019.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as fair value hedges, the net gain or loss from the entire change in the fair value of the derivative instrument is recognized in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect, including the net gain or loss, of the hedged item (interest income earned on fixed rate loans) when the hedged item affects earnings.

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The following table presents the carrying amount of the hedged assets/(liabilities) and the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged assets/(liabilities) that are designated as a fair value hedge accounting relationship as of March 31, 2019:



		March 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands) Derivatives in Fair Value Hedging Relationships	Location in the Statement of Condition	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Remaining for any Hedged Assets (Liabilities) for which Hedge Accounting has been Discontinued
Interest rate swaps	Loans, net of unearned income	$	165,746	$	1,776	$	—
	Available-for-sale debt securities	1,461		57		—

The following table presents the loss or gain recognized related to derivative instruments that are designated as fair value hedges for the respective period:

Non-Designated Hedges

The Company does not use derivatives for speculative purposes. Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges are used to manage the Company’s economic exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements of ASC 815. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in earnings.

Interest Rate Derivatives—The Company has interest rate derivatives, including swaps and option products, resulting from a service the Company provides to certain qualified borrowers. The Company’s banking subsidiaries execute certain derivative products (typically interest rate swaps) directly with qualified commercial borrowers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. For example, these arrangements allow the Company’s commercial borrowers to effectively convert a variable rate loan to a fixed rate. In order to minimize the Company’s exposure on these transactions, the Company simultaneously executes offsetting derivatives with third parties. In most cases, the offsetting derivatives have mirror-image terms, which result in the positions’ changes in fair value substantially offsetting through earnings each period. However, to the extent that the derivatives are not a mirror-image and because of differences in counterparty credit risk, changes in fair value will not completely offset resulting in some earnings impact each period. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are included in other non-interest income. At March 31, 2019, the Company had interest rate derivative transactions with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $6.4 billion (all interest rate swaps and caps with customers and third parties) related to this program. These interest rate derivatives had maturity dates ranging from April 2019 to February 2045.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives—These derivatives include interest rate lock commitments provided to customers to fund certain mortgage loans to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of such loans. It is the Company’s practice to enter into forward commitments for the future delivery of a portion of our residential mortgage loan production when interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of future changes in interest rates on its commitments to fund the loans as well as on its portfolio of mortgage loans held-for-sale. The Company’s mortgage banking derivatives have not been designated as being in hedge relationships. At March 31, 2019, the Company had forward commitments to sell mortgage loans with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $651.9 million and interest rate lock commitments with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $403.2 million. The fair values of these derivatives were estimated based on changes in mortgage rates from the dates of the commitments. Changes in the fair value of these mortgage banking derivatives are included in mortgage banking revenue.

Foreign Currency Derivatives—These derivatives include foreign currency contracts used to manage the foreign exchange risk associated with foreign currency denominated assets and transactions. Foreign currency contracts, which include spot and forward contracts, represent agreements to exchange the currency of one country for the currency of another country at an agreed-upon

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price on an agreed-upon settlement date. As a result of fluctuations in foreign currencies, the U.S. dollar-equivalent value of the foreign currency denominated assets or forecasted transactions increase or decrease. Gains or losses on the derivative instruments related to these foreign currency denominated assets or forecasted transactions are expected to substantially offset this variability. As of March 31, 2019, the Company held foreign currency derivatives with an aggregate notional amount of approximately $37.1 million.

Other Derivatives—Periodically, the Company will sell options to a bank or dealer for the right to purchase certain securities held within the banks’ investment portfolios (covered call options). These option transactions are designed primarily to mitigate overall interest rate risk and to increase the total return associated with the investment securities portfolio. These options do not qualify as accounting hedges pursuant to ASC 815, and, accordingly, changes in fair value of these contracts are recognized as other non-interest income. There were no covered call options outstanding as of March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 or March 31, 2018.

Amounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Income related to derivative instruments not designated in hedge relationships were as follows:



(Dollars in thousands)		Three Months Ended
Derivative	Location in income statement	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Interest rate swaps and caps	Trading (losses) gains, net	$	(191	)	$	153
Mortgage banking derivatives	Mortgage banking revenue	50			1,418
Covered call options	Fees from covered call options	1,784			1,597
Foreign exchange contracts	Trading (losses) gains, net	(12		)	(43		)

Credit Risk

Derivative instruments have inherent risks, primarily market risk and credit risk. Market risk is associated with changes in interest rates and credit risk relates to the risk that the counterparty will fail to perform according to the terms of the agreement. The amounts potentially subject to market and credit risks are the streams of interest payments under the contracts and the market value of the derivative instrument and not the notional principal amounts used to express the volume of the transactions. Market and credit risks are managed and monitored as part of the Company's overall asset-liability management process, except that the credit risk related to derivatives entered into with certain qualified borrowers is managed through the Company's standard loan underwriting process since these derivatives are secured through collateral provided by the loan agreements. Actual exposures are monitored against various types of credit limits established to contain risk within parameters. When deemed necessary, appropriate types and amounts of collateral are obtained to minimize credit exposure.

The Company has agreements with certain of its interest rate derivative counterparties that contain cross-default provisions, which provide that if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The Company also has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision allowing the counterparty to terminate the derivative positions if the Company fails to maintain its status as a well or adequately capitalized institution, which would require the Company to settle its obligations under the agreements. As of March 31, 2019, the fair value of interest rate derivatives in a net liability position that were subject to such agreements, which includes accrued interest related to these agreements, was $36.5 million. If the Company had breached any of these provisions and the derivatives were terminated as a result, the Company would have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at the termination value and would have been required to pay any additional amounts due in excess of amounts previously posted as collateral with the respective counterparty.

The Company is also exposed to the credit risk of its commercial borrowers who are counterparties to interest rate derivatives with the banks. This counterparty risk related to the commercial borrowers is managed and monitored through the banks' standard underwriting process applicable to loans since these derivatives are secured through collateral provided by the loan agreement. The counterparty risk associated with the mirror-image swaps executed with third parties is monitored and managed in connection with the Company's overall asset liability management process.

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The Company records interest rate derivatives subject to master netting agreements at their gross value and does not offset derivative assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Condition. The tables below summarize the Company's interest rate derivatives and offsetting positions as of the dates shown.



	Derivative Assets									Derivative Liabilities
	Fair Value									Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2018			March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2018
Gross Amounts Recognized	$	68,317		$	68,425		$	72,970		$	69,292		$	62,571		$	52,443
Less: Amounts offset in the Statements of Financial Condition	—			—			—			—			—			—
Net amount presented in the Statements of Financial Condition	$	68,317		$	68,425		$	72,970		$	69,292		$	62,571		$	52,443
Gross amounts not offset in the Statements of Financial Condition
Offsetting Derivative Positions	(18,878		)	(28,124		)	(9,627		)	(18,878		)	(28,124		)	(9,627		)
Collateral Posted	—			(23,810		)	(54,490		)	(45,540		)	(2,640		)	(340		)
Net Credit Exposure	$	49,439		$	16,491		$	8,853		$	4,874		$	31,807		$	42,476

(16) Fair Values of Assets and Liabilities

The Company measures, monitors and discloses certain of its assets and liabilities on a fair value basis. These financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observability of the inputs used to determine fair value. These levels are:


•	Level 1—unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•

Level 2—inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

•

Level 3—significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the above valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the assets or liabilities. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Available-for-sale debt securities, trading account securities and equity securities with readily determinable fair value—Fair values for available-for-sale debt securities, trading account securities and equity securities with readily determinable fair value are typically based on prices obtained from independent pricing vendors. Securities measured with these valuation techniques are generally classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Typically, standard inputs such as benchmark yields, reported trades for similar securities, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers and reference data including market research publications are used to fair value a security. When these inputs are not available, broker/dealer quotes may be obtained by the vendor to determine the fair value of the security. We review the vendor’s pricing methodologies to determine if observable market information is being used, versus unobservable inputs. Fair value measurements using significant inputs that are unobservable in the market due to limited activity or a less liquid market are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s Investment Operations Department is responsible for the valuation of Level 3 available-for-sale debt securities. The methodology and variables used as inputs in pricing Level 3 securities are derived from a combination of observable and unobservable inputs. The unobservable inputs are determined through internal assumptions that may vary from period to period due to external factors, such as market movement and credit rating adjustments.

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At March 31, 2019, the Company classified $103.8 million of municipal securities as Level 3. These municipal securities are bond issues for various municipal government entities primarily located in the Chicago metropolitan area and southern Wisconsin and are privately placed, non-rated bonds without CUSIP numbers. The Company also classified $3.0 million of U.S. Government agencies as Level 3 at March 31, 2019. The Company’s methodology for pricing these securities focuses on three distinct inputs: equivalent rating, yield and other pricing terms. To determine the rating for a given non-rated municipal bond, the Investment Operations Department references a rated, publicly issued bond by the same issuer if available. A reduction is then applied to the rating obtained from the comparable bond, as the Company believes if liquidated, a non-rated bond would be valued less than a similar bond with a verifiable rating. The reduction applied by the Company is one complete rating grade (i.e. a “AA” rating for a comparable bond would be reduced to “A” for the Company’s valuation). For bond issues without comparable bond proxies, a rating of "BBB" was assigned. In the first quarter of 2019, all of the ratings derived by the Investment Operations Department using the above process were "BBB" or better. The fair value measurement of municipal bonds is sensitive to the rating input, as a higher rating typically results in an increased valuation. The remaining pricing inputs used in the bond valuation are observable. Based on the rating determined in the above process, Investment Operations obtains a corresponding current market yield curve available to market participants. Other terms including coupon, maturity date, redemption price, number of coupon payments per year, and accrual method are obtained from the individual bond term sheets. Certain municipal bonds held by the Company at March 31, 2019 are continuously callable. When valuing these bonds, the fair value is capped at par value as the Company assumes a market participant would not pay more than par for a continuously callable bond. To determine the rating for the U.S. Government agency securities, the Investment Operations Department assigned a AAA rating as it is guaranteed by the U.S. government.

Mortgage loans held-for-sale—The fair value of mortgage loans held-for-sale is determined by reference to investor price sheets for loan products with similar characteristics.

Loans held-for-investment—The fair value for loans in which the Company elected the fair value option is estimated by discounting future scheduled cash flows for the specific loan through maturity, adjusted for estimated credit losses and prepayments. The Company uses a discount rate based on the actual coupon rate of the underlying loan. At March 31, 2019, the Company classified $11.2 million of loans held-for-investment as Level 3. The weighted average discount rate used as an input to value these loans at March 31, 2019 was 3.94% with discount rates applied ranging from 3%-4%. The higher the rate utilized to discount estimated future cash flows, the lower the fair value measurement. As noted above, the fair value estimate also includes assumptions of prepayment speeds and credit losses. The Company included a prepayments speed assumption of 14.01% at March 31, 2019. Prepayment speeds are inversely related to the fair value of these loans as an increase in prepayment speeds results in a decreased valuation. Additionally, the weighted average credit discount used as an input to value the specific loans was 1.24% with credit loss discount ranging from 0%-7% at March 31, 2019.

MSRs—Fair value for MSRs is determined utilizing a valuation model which calculates the fair value of each servicing rights based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. The Company uses a discount rate commensurate with the risk associated with each servicing rights, given current market conditions. At March 31, 2019, the Company classified $71.0 million of MSRs as Level 3. The weighted average discount rate used as an input to value the pool of MSRs at March 31, 2019 was 9.96% with discount rates applied ranging from 7%-17%. The higher the rate utilized to discount estimated future cash flows, the lower the fair value measurement. The fair value of MSRs was also estimated based on other assumptions including prepayment speeds and the cost to service. Prepayment speeds used as an input to value the MSRs at March 31, 2019 ranged from 0%-93% or a weighted average prepayment speed of 14.01%. Further, for current and delinquent loans, the Company assumed a weighted average cost of servicing of $77 and $407, respectively, per loan. Prepayment speeds and the cost to service are both inversely related to the fair value of MSRs as an increase in prepayment speeds or the cost to service results in a decreased valuation. See Note 9 - Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSRs”) for further discussion of MSRs.

Derivative instruments—The Company’s derivative instruments include interest rate swaps, caps and collars, commitments to fund mortgages for sale into the secondary market (interest rate locks), forward commitments to end investors for the sale of mortgage loans and foreign currency contracts. Interest rate swaps, caps and collars are valued by a third party, using models that primarily use market observable inputs, such as yield curves, and are validated by comparison with valuations provided by the respective counterparties. The credit risk associated with derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements is measured on a net basis by counterparty portfolio. The fair value for mortgage-related derivatives is based on changes in mortgage rates from the date of the commitments. The fair value of foreign currency derivatives is computed based on change in foreign currency rates stated in the contract compared to those prevailing at the measurement date.

At March 31, 2019, the Company classified $3.1 million of derivative assets related to interest rate locks as Level 3. The fair value of interest rate locks is based on prices obtained for loans with similar characteristics from third parties, adjusted for the pull-through rate, which represents the Company’s best estimate of the likelihood that a committed loan will ultimately fund. The weighted-average pull-through rate at March 31, 2019 was 78.82% with pull-through rates applied ranging from 0% to 100%.

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Pull-through rates are directly related to the fair value of interest rate locks as an increase in the pull-through rate results in an increased valuation.

Nonqualified deferred compensation assets—The underlying assets relating to the nonqualified deferred compensation plan are included in a trust and primarily consist of non-exchange traded institutional funds which are priced based by an independent third party service.

The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods presented:



	March 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	126,718	$	126,718	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government agencies	130,687		—		127,694		2,993
Municipal	136,353		—		32,519		103,834
Corporate notes	93,333		—		93,333		—
Mortgage-backed	1,698,691		—		1,698,691		—
Trading account securities	559		—		559		—
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	47,653		39,587		8,066		—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	248,557		—		248,557		—
Loans held-for-investment	101,071		—		89,822		11,249
MSRs	71,022		—		—		71,022
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	13,230		—		13,230		—
Derivative assets	75,504		—		72,415		3,089
Total	$	2,743,378	$	166,305	$	2,384,886	$	192,187
Derivative liabilities	$	73,868	$	—	$	73,868	$	—



	December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	126,404	$	126,404	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government agencies	140,307		—		137,157		3,150
Municipal	138,490		—		29,564		108,926
Corporate notes	91,045		—		91,045		—
Mortgage-backed	1,629,835		—		1,629,835		—
Trading account securities	1,692		—		1,692		—
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	34,717		—		34,717		—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	264,070		—		264,070		—
Loans held-for-investment	93,857		—		82,510		11,347
MSRs	75,183		—		—		75,183
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	11,282		—		11,282		—
Derivative assets	73,172		—		70,715		2,457
Total	$	2,680,054	$	126,404	$	2,352,587	$	201,063
Derivative liabilities	$	68,088	$	—	$	68,088	$	—

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	March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available-for-sale securities
U.S. Treasury	$	24,727	$	—	$	24,727	$	—
U.S. Government agencies	149,336		—		145,720		3,616
Municipal	121,758		—		37,166		84,592
Corporate notes	99,714		—		99,714		—
Mortgage-backed	1,500,153		—		1,500,153		—
Trading account securities	1,682		—		1,682		—
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	37,832		—		37,832		—
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	411,505		—		411,505		—
Loans held-for-investment	67,962		—		41,342		26,620
MSRs	54,572		—		—		54,572
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	11,724		—		11,724		—
Derivative assets	78,960		—		74,355		4,605
Total	$	2,559,925	$	—	$	2,385,920	$	174,005
Derivative liabilities	$	55,699	$	—	$	55,699	$	—

The aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 for mortgage loans held-for-sale measured at fair value under ASC 825 was $243.6 million, $253.7 million and $396.9 million, respectively, while the aggregate fair value of mortgage loans held-for-sale was $248.6 million, $264.1 million and $411.5 million, for the same respective periods, as shown in the above tables. There were $1.9 million of loans past due greater than 90 days and still accruing in the mortgage loans held-for-sale portfolio as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and no loans as of March 31, 2018.

The changes in Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are summarized as follows:



				U.S. Government Agencies			Loans held-for- investment			Mortgage servicing rights			Derivative Assets
(Dollars in thousands)	Municipal			U.S. Government Agencies			Loans held-for- investment			Mortgage servicing rights			Derivative Assets
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	108,926		$	3,150		$	11,347		$	75,183		$	2,457
Total net gains (losses) included in:
Net income ⁽¹⁾	—			—			167			(4,161		)	632
Other comprehensive loss	1,537			1			—			—			—
Purchases	969			—			—			—			—
Issuances	—			—			—			—			—
Sales	—			—			—			—			—
Settlements	(7,598		)	(158		)	(465		)	—			—
Net transfers into/(out of) Level 3	—			—			200			—			—
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	103,834		$	2,993		$	11,249		$	71,022		$	3,089


(1)	Changes in the balance of MSRs and derivative assets related to fair value adjustments are recorded as components of mortgage banking revenue. Changes in the balance of loans held-for-investment related to fair value adjustments are recorded as other non-interest income.

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				U.S. Government Agencies			Loans held-for- investment			Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative Assets
(Dollars in thousands)	Municipal			U.S. Government Agencies			Loans held-for- investment			Mortgage servicing rights		Derivative Assets
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	77,181		$	3,779		$	33,717		$	33,676	$	2,157
Total net gains (losses) included in:
Net income ⁽¹⁾	—			—			(1,128		)	7,090		2,448
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(2,190		)	(163		)	—			—		—
Purchases ⁽²⁾	12,270			—			—			13,806		—
Issuances	—			—			—			—		—
Sales	—			—			—			—		—
Settlements	(2,669		)	—			(6,255		)	—		—
Net transfers into/(out of) Level 3	—			—			286			—		—
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	84,592		$	3,616		$	26,620		$	54,572	$	4,605


(1)	Changes in the balance of MSRs and derivative assets related to fair value adjustments are recorded as components of mortgage banking revenue. Changes in the balance of loans held-for-investment related to fair value adjustments are recorded as other non-interest income.


(2)	Purchased as a part of the Veterans First business combination. See Note 3 - Business Combinations and Asset Acquisitions for further discussion.

Also, the Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain other financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from impairment charges on individual assets. For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that were still held in the balance sheet at the end of the period, the following table provides the carrying value of the related individual assets or portfolios at March 31, 2019.



	March 31, 2019								Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Fair Value Losses Recognized, net
(Dollars in thousands)	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Impaired loans—collateral based	$	101,331	$	—	$	—	$	101,331	$	4,378
Other real estate owned ⁽¹⁾	21,520		—		—		21,520		574
Total	$	122,851	$	—	$	—	$	122,851	$	4,952


(1)	Fair value losses recognized, net on other real estate owned include valuation adjustments and charge-offs during the respective period.

Impaired loans—A loan is considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due pursuant to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. A loan modified in a TDR is an impaired loan according to applicable accounting guidance. Impairment is measured by estimating the fair value of the loan based on the present value of expected cash flows, the market price of the loan, or the fair value of the underlying collateral. Impaired loans are considered a fair value measurement where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral. Appraised values, which may require adjustments to market-based valuation inputs, are generally used on real estate collateral-dependent impaired loans.

The Company’s Managed Assets Division is primarily responsible for the valuation of Level 3 inputs of impaired loans. For more information on the Managed Assets Division review of impaired loans refer to Note 7 – Allowance for Loan Losses, Allowance for Losses on Lending-Related Commitments and Impaired Loans. At March 31, 2019, the Company had $144.1 million of impaired loans classified as Level 3. Of the $144.1 million of impaired loans, $101.3 million were measured at fair value based on the underlying collateral of the loan as shown in the table above. The remaining $42.8 million were valued based on discounted cash flows in accordance with ASC 310.

Other real estate owned —Other real estate owned is comprised of real estate acquired in partial or full satisfaction of loans and is included in other assets. Other real estate owned is recorded at its estimated fair value less estimated selling costs at the date of transfer, with any excess of the related loan balance over the fair value less expected selling costs charged to the allowance for loan losses. Subsequent changes in value are reported as adjustments to the carrying amount and are recorded in other non-interest expense. Gains and losses upon sale, if any, are also charged to other non-interest expense. Fair value is generally based on third party appraisals and internal estimates that are adjusted by a discount representing the estimated cost of sale and is therefore considered a Level 3 valuation.

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The Company’s Managed Assets Division is primarily responsible for the valuation of Level 3 inputs for other real estate owned. At March 31, 2019, the Company had $21.5 million of other real estate owned classified as Level 3. The unobservable input applied to other real estate owned relates to the 10% reduction to the appraisal value representing the estimated cost of sale of the foreclosed property. A higher discount for the estimated cost of sale results in a decreased carrying value.

The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used to measure both recurring and non-recurring Level 3 fair value measurements at March 31, 2019 were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Fair Value

Valuation Methodology

Significant Unobservable Input

Range

of Inputs

Weighted

Average

of Inputs

Impact to valuation

from an increased or

higher input value

Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Municipal Securities

103,834

Bond pricing

Equivalent rating

BBB-AA+

N/A

Increase

U.S. Government agencies

2,993

Bond pricing

Equivalent rating

AAA

Increase

Loans held-for-investment

11,249

Discounted cash flows

Discount rate

3%-4%

3.94%

Decrease

Credit discount

0%-7%

1.24%

Decrease

Constant prepayment rate (CPR)

14.01%

Decrease

MSRs

71,022

Discounted cash flows

Discount rate

7%-17%

9.96%

Decrease

Constant prepayment rate (CPR)

0%-93%

14.01%

Decrease

Cost of servicing

$70-$200

$77

Decrease

Cost of servicing - delinquent

$200-$1,000

$407

Decrease

Derivatives

3,089

Discounted cash flows

Pull-through rate

0%-100%

78.82%

Increase

Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:

Impaired loans—collateral based

101,331

Appraisal value

Appraisal adjustment - cost of sale

10%

10.00%

Decrease

Other real estate owned

21,520

Appraisal value

Appraisal adjustment - cost of sale

10%

10.00%

Decrease

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The Company is required under applicable accounting guidance to report the fair value of all financial instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Condition, including those financial instruments carried at cost. The table below presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of the dates shown:



	At March 31, 2019				At December 31, 2018				At March 31, 2018
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
(Dollars in thousands)	Value		Value		Value		Value		Value		Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	270,823	$	270,823	$	392,200	$	392,200	$	231,464	$	231,464
Interest bearing deposits with banks	1,609,852		1,609,852		1,099,594		1,099,594		980,380		980,380
Available-for-sale securities	2,185,782		2,185,782		2,126,081		2,126,081		1,895,688		1,895,688
Held-to-maturity securities	1,051,542		1,041,695		1,067,439		1,036,096		892,937		862,527
Trading account securities	559		559		1,692		1,692		1,682		1,682
Equity securities with readily determinable fair value	47,653		47,653		34,717		34,717		37,832		37,832
FHLB and FRB stock, at cost	89,013		89,013		91,354		91,354		104,956		104,956
Brokerage customer receivables	14,219		14,219		12,609		12,609		24,531		24,531
Mortgage loans held-for-sale, at fair value	248,557		248,557		264,070		264,070		411,505		411,505
Loans held-for-investment, at fair value	101,071		101,071		93,857		93,857		67,962		67,962
Loans held-for-investment, at amortized cost	24,113,558		24,123,328		23,726,834		23,780,739		21,994,172		22,234,795
Nonqualified deferred compensation assets	13,230		13,230		11,282		11,282		11,724		11,724
Derivative assets	75,504		75,504		73,172		73,172		78,960		78,960
Accrued interest receivable and other	275,464		275,464		260,281		260,281		236,131		236,131
Total financial assets	$	30,096,827	$	30,096,750	$	29,255,182	$	29,277,744	$	26,969,924	$	27,180,137
Financial Liabilities
Non-maturity deposits	$	21,454,035	$	21,454,035	$	20,833,837	$	20,833,837	$	18,941,201	$	18,941,201
Deposits with stated maturities	5,350,707		5,377,388		5,260,841		5,283,063		4,338,126		4,344,584
FHLB advances	576,353		604,976		426,326		429,830		915,000		916,513
Other borrowings	372,194		372,194		393,855		393,855		247,092		247,092
Subordinated notes	139,235		144,019		139,210		138,345		139,111		140,889
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566		252,451		253,566		263,846		253,566		268,873
Derivative liabilities	73,868		73,868		68,088		68,088		55,699		55,699
Accrued interest payable	19,569		19,569		16,025		16,025		11,442		11,442
Total financial liabilities	$	28,239,527	$	28,298,500	$	27,391,748	$	27,426,889	$	24,901,237	$	24,926,293

Not all the financial instruments listed in the table above are subject to the disclosure provisions of ASC Topic 820, as certain assets and liabilities result in their carrying value approximating fair value. These include cash and cash equivalents, interest bearing deposits with banks, brokerage customer receivables, FHLB and FRB stock, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable and non-maturity deposits.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair values of financial instruments that were not previously disclosed.

Held-to-maturity securities. Held-to-maturity securities include U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities and municipal bonds issued by various municipal government entities primarily located in the Chicago metropolitan area and southern Wisconsin. Fair values for held-to-maturity securities are typically based on prices obtained from independent pricing vendors. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized these held-to-maturity securities as a Level 2 fair value measurement. Fair values for certain other held-to-maturity securities are based on the bond pricing methodology discussed previously related to certain available-for-sale securities. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized these held-to-maturity securities as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Loans held-for-investment, at amortized cost. Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are analyzed by type such as commercial, residential real estate, etc. Each category is further segmented by interest rate

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type (fixed and variable) and term. For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently, estimated fair values are based on carrying values. The fair value of residential loans is based on secondary market sources for securities backed by similar loans, adjusted for differences in loan characteristics. The fair value for other fixed rate loans is estimated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect credit and interest rate risks inherent in the loan.

Deposits with stated maturities. The fair value of certificates of deposit is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently in effect for deposits of similar remaining maturities. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized deposits with stated maturities as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

FHLB advances. The fair value of FHLB advances is obtained from the FHLB which uses a discounted cash flow analysis based on current market rates of similar maturity debt securities to discount cash flows. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized FHLB advances as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Subordinated notes. The fair value of the subordinated notes is based on a market price obtained from an independent pricing vendor. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized subordinated notes as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

Junior subordinated debentures. The fair value of the junior subordinated debentures is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company has categorized junior subordinated debentures as a Level 3 fair value measurement.

(17) Stock-Based Compensation Plans

In May 2015, the Company’s shareholders approved the 2015 Stock Incentive Plan (“the 2015 Plan”) which provides for the issuance of up to 5,485,000 shares of common stock. The 2015 Plan replaced the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (“the 2007 Plan”) which replaced the 1997 Stock Incentive Plan (“the 1997 Plan”). The 2015 Plan, the 2007 Plan and the 1997 Plan are collectively referred to as “the Plans.” The 2015 Plan has substantially similar terms to the 2007 Plan and the 1997 Plan. Awards granted under the Plans for which common shares are not issued by reason of cancellation, forfeiture, lapse of such award or settlement of such award in cash, are again available under the 2015 Plan. All grants made after the approval of the 2015 Plan are made pursuant to the 2015 Plan. As of March 31, 2019, approximately 2.6 million shares were available for future grants assuming the maximum number of shares are issued for the performance awards outstanding. The Plans cover substantially all employees of Wintrust. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers all stock-based compensation programs and authorizes all awards granted pursuant to the Plans.

The Plans permit the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, restricted share or unit awards, performance awards and other incentive awards valued in whole or in part by reference to the Company’s common stock, all on a stand alone, combination or tandem basis. The Company historically awarded stock-based compensation in the form of time-vested non-qualified stock options and time-vested restricted share unit awards (“restricted shares”). The grants of options provide for the purchase of shares of the Company’s common stock at the fair market value of the stock on the date the options are granted. Stock options generally vest ratably over periods of three to five years and have a maximum term of seven years from the date of grant. Restricted shares entitle the holders to receive, at no cost, shares of the Company’s common stock. Restricted shares generally vest over periods of one to five years from the date of grant.

Beginning in 2011, the Company has awarded annual grants under the Long-Term Incentive Program (“LTIP”), which is administered under the Plans. The LTIP is designed in part to align the interests of management with the interests of shareholders, foster retention, create a long-term focus based on sustainable results and provide participants with a target long-term incentive opportunity. It is anticipated that LTIP awards will continue to be granted annually. LTIP grants generally consist of a combination of time-vested non-qualified stock options, performance-based stock awards and performance-based cash awards. Performance-based stock and cash awards granted under the LTIP are contingent upon the achievement of pre-established long-term performance goals set in advance by the Compensation Committee over a three-year period starting at the beginning of each calendar year. These performance awards are granted at a target level, and based on the Company’s achievement of the pre-established long-term goals, the actual payouts can range from 0% to a maximum of 150% of the target award. The awards typically vest in the quarter after the end of the performance period upon certification of the payout by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Holders of performance-based stock awards are entitled to receive, at no cost, the shares earned based on the achievement of the pre-established long-term goals.

Holders of restricted share awards and performance-based stock awards received under the Plans are not entitled to vote or receive cash dividends (or cash payments equal to the cash dividends) on the underlying common shares until the awards are vested and issued. Shares that are vested but not issuable pursuant to deferred compensation arrangements accrue additional shares based on

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the value of dividends otherwise paid. Except in limited circumstances, these awards are canceled upon termination of employment without any payment of consideration by the Company.

Stock-based compensation is measured as the fair value of an award on the date of grant, and the measured cost is recognized over the period which the recipient is required to provide service in exchange for the award. The fair values of restricted share and performance-based stock awards are determined based on the average of the high and low trading prices on the grant date, and the fair value of stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model that utilizes various assumptions. Option-pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions and are sensitive to changes in the option's expected life and the price volatility of the underlying stock, which can materially affect the fair value estimate. Management reviews and adjusts the assumptions used to calculate the fair value of an option on a periodic basis to better reflect expected trends. No options were granted since 2016.

Stock based compensation is recognized based upon the number of awards that are ultimately expected to vest, taking into account expected forfeitures. In addition, for performance-based awards, an estimate is made of the number of shares expected to vest as a result of actual performance against the performance criteria in the award to determine the amount of compensation expense to recognize. The estimate is reevaluated periodically and total compensation expense is adjusted for any change in estimate in the current period. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income was $3.3 million in the first quarter of 2019 and $3.7 million in the first quarter of 2018.

A summary of the Company's stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 is presented below:



Stock Options	Common Shares		Weighted Average Strike Price		Remaining Contractual Term⁽¹⁾	Intrinsic Value ⁽²⁾ ($000)
Outstanding at January 1, 2019	795,014		$	42.25
Granted	—		—
Exercised	(78,667	)	37.41
Forfeited or canceled	—		—
Outstanding at March 31, 2019	716,347		$	42.79	2.9	$	17,583
Exercisable at March 31, 2019	701,227		$	42.75	2.9	$	17,234



Stock Options	Common Shares		Weighted Average Strike Price		Remaining Contractual Term ⁽¹⁾	Intrinsic Value ⁽²⁾ ($000)
Outstanding at January 1, 2018	1,084,756		$	41.98
Granted	—		—
Exercised	(169,387	)	42.47
Forfeited or canceled	(1,703	)	40.87
Outstanding at March 31, 2018	913,666		$	41.89	3.7	$	40,351
Exercisable at March 31, 2018	712,535		$	42.00	3.4	$	31,391


(1)	Represents the remaining weighted average contractual life in years.

(2)

Aggregate intrinsic value represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between the Company's stock price on the last trading day of the quarter and the option exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares) that would have been received by the option holders if they had exercised their options on the last day of the quarter. Options with exercise prices above the stock price on the last trading day of the quarter are excluded from the calculation of intrinsic value. The intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Company's stock.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, was $2.8 million and $7.5 million, respectively. Cash received from option exercises under the Plan for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 was $2.9 million and $7.2 million, respectively.

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A summary of the Plans' restricted share activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 is presented below:



	Three months ended March 31, 2019				Three months ended March 31, 2018
Restricted Shares	Common Shares		Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Common Shares		Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1	143,263		$	60.80	127,787		$	53.33
Granted	9,673		71.66		20,700		86.42
Vested and issued	(11,042	)	75.00		(7,258	)	53.47
Forfeited or canceled	(215	)	93.14		(982	)	55.39
Outstanding at March 31	141,679		$	60.38	140,247		$	58.20
Vested, but not issuable at March 31	90,824		$	52.02	89,924		$	51.71

A summary of the Plans' performance-based stock award activity, based on the target level of the awards, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 is presented below:



	Three months ended March 31, 2019				Three months ended March 31, 2018
Performance-based Stock	Common Shares		Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Common Shares		Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at January 1	396,855		$	67.71	359,196		$	54.37
Granted	173,856		71.57		127,419		88.20
Vested and issued	(94,288	)	41.00		(82,307	)	44.39
Forfeited	(2,747	)	67.85		(6,580	)	49.42
Outstanding at March 31	473,676		$	74.44	397,728		$	67.35
Vested, but deferred at March 31	33,451		$	42.70	21,388		$	43.32

The actual number of shares vested and issued in the first quarter of 2019 were 33,950 more than target due to performance achievement above the target level. The Company issues new shares to satisfy its obligation to issue shares granted pursuant to the Plans.

(18) Shareholders’ Equity and Earnings Per Share

Series D Preferred Stock

In June 2015, the Company issued and sold 5,000,000 shares of fixed-to-floating non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series D, liquidation preference $25 per share (the “Series D Preferred Stock”) for $125.0 million in a public offering. When, as and if declared, dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock are payable quarterly in arrears at a fixed rate of 6.50% per annum from the original issuance date to, but excluding, July 15, 2025, and from (and including) that date at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 4.06% per annum.

Common Stock Warrant

Pursuant to the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s (the “U.S. Treasury”) Capital Purchase Program, on December 19, 2008, the Company issued to the U.S. Treasury a warrant to exercise 1,643,295 warrant shares of Wintrust common stock with a term of 10 years. In February 2011, the U.S. Treasury sold all of its interest in the warrant issued to it in a secondary underwritten public offering. During 2018, certain holders of the interest in the warrant exercised 22,952 warrant shares, which resulted in 16,571 shares of common stock issued. On December 19, 2018, the Company’s warrant shares expired. Any warrant shares not exercised prior to this date expired and became void, and the holder did not receive any shares of the Company’s common stock.

Other

At the January 2019 Board of Directors meeting, a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per share ($1.00 on an annualized basis) was declared. It was paid on February 21, 2019 to shareholders of record as of February 7, 2019.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following tables summarize the components of other comprehensive income (loss), including the related income tax effects, and the related amount reclassified to net income for the periods presented (in thousands).



	Accumulated Unrealized Losses on Securities			Accumulated Unrealized Gains on Derivative Instruments			Accumulated Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	(42,353	)	$	7,857		$	(42,376	)	$	(76,872	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	27,956			(1,039		)	2,277			29,194
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net income, net of tax	49			(2,612		)	—			(2,563		)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss related to amortization of unrealized losses on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	(103		)	—			—			(103		)
Net other comprehensive income (loss) during the period, net of tax	$	27,902		$	(3,651	)	$	2,277		$	26,528
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	(14,451	)	$	4,206		$	(40,099	)	$	(50,344	)


	Accumulated Unrealized Losses on Securities			Accumulated Unrealized Gains on Derivative Instruments			Accumulated Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments			Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at January 1, 2018	$	(15,813	)	$	7,164		$	(33,186	)	$	(41,835	)
Cumulative effect adjustment from the adoption of:
ASU 2016-01	(1,880		)	—			—			(1,880		)
ASU 2018-02	(4,517		)	1,543			—			(2,974		)
Other comprehensive (loss) income during the period, net of tax, before reclassifications	(26,474		)	2,746			(2,897		)	(26,625		)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net income, net of tax	713			(497		)	—			216
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss related to amortization of unrealized losses on investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity from available-for-sale, net of tax	3			—			—			3
Net other comprehensive (loss) income during the period, net of tax	$	(25,758	)	$	2,249		$	(2,897	)	$	(26,406	)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	(47,968	)	$	10,956		$	(36,083	)	$	(73,095	)

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	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income for the
Details Regarding the Component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Three Months Ended						Impacted Line on the Consolidated Statements of Income
	March 31,
	2019			2018
Accumulated unrealized losses on securities
Losses included in net income	$	(67	)	$	(975	)	Gains (losses) on investment securities, net
	(67		)	(975		)	Income before taxes
Tax effect	$	18		$	262		Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	(49	)	$	(713	)	Net income

Accumulated unrealized losses on derivative instruments
Amount reclassified to interest expense on deposits	$	(3,589	)	$	(680	)	Interest on deposits
Amount reclassified to interest expense on other borrowings	27			—			Interest on other borrowings
	3,562			680			Income before taxes
Tax effect	$	(950	)	$	(183	)	Income tax expense
Net of tax	$	2,612		$	497		Net income

Earnings per Share

The following table shows the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated:



		Three Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share data)		March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018
Net income		$	89,146	$	81,981
Less: Preferred stock dividends		2,050		2,050
Net income applicable to common shares	(A)	87,096		79,931
Weighted average common shares outstanding	(B)	56,529		56,137
Effect of dilutive potential common shares
Common stock equivalents		699		888
Weighted average common shares and effect of dilutive potential common shares	(C)	57,228		57,025
Net income per common share:
Basic	(A/B)	$	1.54	$	1.42
Diluted	(A/C)	$	1.52	$	1.40

Potentially dilutive common shares can result from stock options, restricted stock unit awards, stock warrants and shares to be issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan and the Directors Deferred Fee and Stock Plan, being treated as if they had been either exercised or issued, computed by application of the treasury stock method. While potentially dilutive common shares are typically included in the computation of diluted earnings per share, potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from this computation in periods in which the effect would reduce the loss per share or increase the income per share.

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ITEM 2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL

CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition as of March 31, 2019 compared with December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, and the results of operations for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes contained in this report and the risk factors discussed herein and under Item 1A of the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties and, as such, future results could differ significantly from management’s current expectations. See the last section of this discussion for further information on forward-looking statements.

Introduction

Wintrust is a financial holding company that provides traditional community banking services, primarily in the Chicago metropolitan area, southern Wisconsin and northwest Indiana, and operates other financing businesses on a national basis and in Canada through several non-bank business units. Additionally, Wintrust offers a full array of wealth management services primarily to customers in the Chicago metropolitan area, southern Wisconsin and northwest Indiana.

Overview

First Quarter Highlights

The Company recorded net income of $89.1 million for the first quarter of 2019 compared to $82.0 million in the first quarter of 2018. The results for the first quarter of 2019 demonstrate continued momentum on our operating strengths including steady loan and deposit growth and increased revenue from wealth management services. Combined with the noted continued loan growth, the improvement in net interest margin during the first quarter of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018 resulted in higher net interest income in the current period.

The Company increased its loan portfolio from $22.1 billion at March 31, 2018 and $23.8 billion at December 31, 2018 to $24.2 billion at March 31, 2019. The increase in the current quarter compared to the prior quarters was primarily a result of the Company’s growth in the commercial, commercial real estate, commercial premium finance receivables and life insurance premium finance receivables portfolios. For more information regarding changes in the Company’s loan portfolio, see Financial Condition – Interest Earning Assets and Note 6 - Loans of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report.

The Company recorded net interest income of $262.0 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $225.1 million in the first quarter of 2018. The higher level of net interest income recorded in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 resulted primarily from a $2.2 billion increase in average loans, and a substantial improvement in the yield on earning assets. This was partially offset by an increase in the average balance and cost of interest-bearing liabilities (see "Net Interest Income" for further detail).

Non-interest income totaled $81.7 million in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $85.7 million in the first quarter of 2018. This decrease was primarily the result of lower mortgage banking revenue (see “Non-Interest Income” for further detail).

Non-interest expense totaled $214.4 million in the first quarter of 2019, increasing $20.0 million, or 10%, compared to the first quarter of 2018. The increase compared to the first quarter of 2018 was primarily attributable to higher salary and employee benefit costs caused by the addition of employees from acquisitions and increased staffing as the Company grows, higher occupancy expenses and increased amortization on other intangible assets recognized in relation to recent acquisitions (see “Non-Interest Expense” for further detail).

Management considers the maintenance of adequate liquidity to be important to the management of risk. During the first quarter of 2019, the Company continued its practice of maintaining appropriate funding capacity to provide the Company with adequate liquidity for its ongoing operations. In this regard, the Company benefited from its strong deposit base, a liquid short-term investment portfolio and its access to funding from a variety of external funding sources. At March 31, 2019, the Company had approximately $1.9 billion in overnight liquid funds and interest-bearing deposits with banks.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Earnings Summary

The Company’s key operating measures and growth rates for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to the same period last year, are shown below:



	Three months ended
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018			Percentage (%) or Basis Point (bp) Change
Net income	$	89,146		$	81,981		9	%
Net income per common share—Diluted	1.52			1.40			9
Net revenue ⁽¹⁾	343,643			310,761			11
Net interest income	261,986			225,082			16
Net interest margin	3.70		%	3.54		%	16 bp
Net interest margin - fully taxable equivalent (non-GAAP) ⁽²⁾	3.72			3.56			16
Net overhead ratio ⁽³⁾	1.72			1.58			14
Return on average assets	1.16			1.20			(4	)
Return on average common equity	11.09			11.29			(20	)
Return on average tangible common equity (non-GAAP) ⁽²⁾	14.14			14.02			12
At end of period
Total assets	$	32,358,621		$	28,456,772		14	%
Total loans, excluding loans held-for-sale	24,214,629			22,062,134			10
Total loans, including loans held-for-sale	24,463,186			22,473,639			9
Total deposits	26,804,742			23,279,327			15
Total shareholders’ equity	3,371,972			3,031,250			11
Book value per common share ⁽²⁾	57.33			51.66			11
Tangible common book value per share ⁽²⁾	46.38			42.17			10
Market price per common share	67.33			86.05			(22	)
Allowance for credit losses to total loans ⁽⁴⁾	0.66		%	0.64		%	2bp
Non-performing loans to total loans	0.49			0.41			8


(1)	Net revenue is net interest income plus non-interest income.


(2)	See following section titled, “Supplementary Financial Measures/Ratios” for additional information on this performance measure/ratio.


(3)	The net overhead ratio is calculated by netting total non-interest expense and total non-interest income, annualizing this amount, and dividing by that period’s total average assets. A lower ratio indicates a higher degree of efficiency.


(4)	The allowance for credit losses includes both the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for lending-related commitments.

Certain returns, yields, performance ratios, and quarterly growth rates are “annualized” in this presentation and throughout this report to represent an annual time period. This is done for analytical purposes to better discern for decision-making purposes underlying performance trends when compared to full-year or year-over-year amounts. For example, balance sheet growth rates are most often expressed in terms of an annual rate. As such, 5% growth during a quarter would represent an annualized growth rate of 20%.

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SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL MEASURES/RATIOS

The accounting and reporting policies of Wintrust conform to generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States and prevailing practices in the banking industry. However, certain non-GAAP performance measures and ratios are used by management to evaluate and measure the Company’s performance. These include taxable-equivalent net interest income (including its individual components), taxable-equivalent net interest margin (including its individual components), the taxable-equivalent efficiency ratio, tangible common equity ratio, tangible book value per common share and return on average tangible common equity. Management believes that these measures and ratios provide users of the Company’s financial information a more meaningful view of the performance of the Company's interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and of the Company’s operating efficiency. Other financial holding companies may define or calculate these measures and ratios differently.

Management reviews yields on certain asset categories and the net interest margin of the Company and its banking subsidiaries on a fully taxable-equivalent basis. In this non-GAAP presentation, net interest income is adjusted to reflect tax-exempt interest income on an equivalent before-tax basis using tax rates effective as of the end of the period. This measure ensures comparability of net interest income arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. Net interest income on a fully taxable-equivalent basis is also used in the calculation of the Company’s efficiency ratio. The efficiency ratio, which is calculated by dividing non-interest expense by total taxable-equivalent net revenue (less securities gains or losses), measures how much it costs to produce one dollar of revenue. Securities gains or losses are excluded from this calculation to better match revenue from daily operations to operational expenses. Management considers the tangible common equity ratio and tangible book value per common share as useful measurements of the Company’s equity. The Company references the return on average tangible common equity as a measurement of profitability.

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A reconciliation of certain non-GAAP performance measures and ratios used by the Company to evaluate and measure the Company’s performance to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is shown below:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,			March 31,
(Dollars and shares in thousands)	2019			2018
Calculation of Net Interest Margin and Efficiency Ratio
(A) Interest Income (GAAP)	$	333,970		$	261,205
Taxable-equivalent adjustment:
- Loans	1,034			670
- Liquidity Management Assets	565			531
- Other Earning Assets	2			3
(B) Interest Income (non-GAAP)	$	335,571		$	262,409
(C) Interest Expense (GAAP)	71,984			36,123
(D) Net Interest Income (GAAP) (A minus C)	261,986			225,082
(E) Net Interest Income (non-GAAP) (B minus C)	263,587			226,286
Net interest margin (GAAP)	3.70		%	3.54		%
Net interest margin (non-GAAP)	3.72		%	3.56		%
(F) Non-interest income	$	81,657		$	85,679
(G) Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	1,364			(351		)
(H) Non-interest expense	214,374			194,349
Efficiency ratio (H/(D+F-G))	62.63		%	62.47		%
Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP) (H/(E+F-G))	62.34		%	62.23		%
Calculation of Tangible Common Equity ratio (at period end)
Total shareholders’ equity	$	3,371,972		$	3,031,250
Less: Non-convertible preferred stock	(125,000		)	(125,000		)
Less: Intangible assets	(620,224		)	(533,910		)
(I) Total tangible common shareholders’ equity	$	2,626,748		$	2,372,340
(J) Total assets	$	32,358,621		$	28,456,772
Less: Intangible assets	(620,224		)	(533,910		)
(K) Total tangible assets	$	31,738,397		$	27,922,862
Common equity to assets ratio (GAAP) (L/J)	10.0		%	10.2		%
Tangible common equity ratio (non-GAAP) (I/K)	8.3		%	8.5		%
Calculation of book value per share
Total shareholders’ equity	$	3,371,972		$	3,031,250
Less: Preferred stock	(125,000		)	(125,000		)
(L) Total common equity	$	3,246,972		$	2,906,250
(M) Actual common shares outstanding	56,639			56,256
Book value per common share (L/M)	$	57.33		$	51.66
Tangible common book value per share (I/M)	$	46.38		$	42.17



Calculation of return on average common equity
(N) Net income applicable to common shares	$	87,096		$	79,931
Add: Intangible asset amortization	2,942			1,004
Less: Tax effect of intangible asset amortization	(731		)	(243		)
After-tax intangible asset amortization	2,211			761
(O) Tangible net income applicable to common shares	89,307			80,692
Total average shareholders' equity	3,309,078			2,995,592
Less: Average preferred stock	(125,000		)	(125,000		)
(P) Total average common shareholders' equity	3,184,078			2,870,592
Less: Average intangible assets	(622,240		)	(536,676		)
(Q) Total average tangible common shareholders’ equity	2,561,838			2,333,916
Return on average common equity, annualized (N/P)	11.09		%	11.29		%
Return on average tangible common equity, annualized (O/Q)	14.14		%	14.02		%

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Critical Accounting Policies

The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP in the United States and prevailing practices of the banking industry. Application of these principles requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Certain policies and accounting principles inherently have a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments, and as such have a greater possibility that changes in those estimates and assumptions could produce financial results that are materially different than originally reported. Estimates, assumptions and judgments are necessary when assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value, when a decline in the value of an asset not carried on the financial statements at fair value warrants an impairment write-down or valuation reserve to be established, or when an asset or liability needs to be recorded contingent upon a future event, are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements; accordingly, as information changes, the financial statements could reflect different estimates and assumptions. Management views critical accounting policies to be those which are highly dependent on subjective or complex judgments, estimates and assumptions, and where changes in those estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on the financial statements. Management currently views critical accounting policies to include the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for losses on lending-related commitments, loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination, estimations of fair value, the valuations required for impairment testing of goodwill, the valuation and accounting for derivative instruments and income taxes as the accounting areas that require the most subjective and complex judgments, and as such could be most subject to revision as new information becomes available. For a more detailed discussion on these critical accounting policies, see “Summary of Critical Accounting Policies” beginning on page 56 of the Company’s 2018 Form 10-K.

Net Income

Net income for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 totaled $89.1 million, an increase of $7.2 million, or 9%, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2018. On a per share basis, net income for the first quarter of 2019 totaled $1.52 per diluted common share compared to $1.40 for the first quarter of 2018.

The most significant factors impacting net income for the first quarter of 2019 as compared to the same period in the prior year include an increase in net interest income as a result of growth in earning assets and a significant improvement in net interest margin and an increase in wealth management revenue. These improvements were partially offset by lower mortgage banking revenue, an increase in non-interest expense primarily attributable to higher salary and employee benefit costs caused by the addition of employees from acquisitions and growth within the Company, higher occupancy expenses and increased amortization on other intangible assets recognized in relation to recent acquisitions.

Net Interest Income

The primary source of the Company’s revenue is net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income and fees on earnings assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense on the liabilities to fund those assets, including interest bearing deposits and other borrowings. The amount of net interest income is affected by both changes in the level of interest rates, and the amount and composition of earning assets and interest bearing liabilities.

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Quarter Ended March 31, 2019 compared to the Quarters Ended December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s average balances, net interest income and related net interest margins, including a calculation on a fully taxable equivalent basis, for the first quarter of 2019 as compared to the fourth quarter of 2018 (sequential quarters) and first quarter of 2018 (linked quarters):



	Average Balance for three months ended,									Interest for three months ended,									Yield/Rate for three months ended,
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2018			March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2018			March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Interest-bearing deposits with banks and cash equivalents⁽¹⁾	$	897,629		$	1,042,860		$	749,973		$	5,300		$	5,628		$	2,796		2.39	%	2.14	%	1.51	%
Investment securities ⁽²⁾	3,630,577			3,347,496			2,892,617			28,521			27,242			19,659			3.19		3.23		2.76
FHLB and FRB stock	94,882			98,084			105,414			1,355			1,343			1,298			5.79		5.43		4.99
Liquidity management assets⁽³⁾⁽⁸⁾	$	4,623,088		$	4,488,440		$	3,748,004		$	35,176		$	34,213		$	23,753		3.09	%	3.02	%	2.57	%
Other earning assets^(3)(4)(8)	13,591			16,204			27,571			165			253			174			4.91		6.19		2.56
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	188,190			265,717			281,181			2,209			3,409			2,818			4.76		5.09		4.06
Loans, net of unearned income^(3)(5)(8)	23,880,916			23,164,154			21,711,342			298,021			284,291			235,664			5.06		4.87		4.40
Total earning assets⁽⁸⁾	$	28,705,785		$	27,934,515		$	25,768,098		$	335,571		$	322,166		$	262,409		4.74	%	4.58	%	4.13	%
Allowance for loan losses	(157,782		)	(154,438		)	(143,108		)
Cash and due from banks	283,019			271,403			254,489
Other assets	2,385,149			2,128,407			1,930,118
Total assets	$	31,216,171		$	30,179,887		$	27,809,597

NOW and interest bearing demand deposits	$	2,803,338		$	2,671,283		$	2,255,692		$	4,613		$	4,007		$	1,386		0.67	%	0.60	%	0.25	%
Wealth management deposits	2,614,035			2,289,904			2,250,139			7,000			7,119			5,441			1.09		1.23		0.98
Money market accounts	5,915,525			5,632,268			4,520,620			19,460			16,936			4,667			1.33		1.19		0.42
Savings accounts	2,715,422			2,553,133			2,813,772			4,249			3,096			2,732			0.63		0.48		0.39
Time deposits	5,267,796			5,381,029			4,322,111			25,654			24,817			12,323			1.98		1.83		1.16
Interest-bearing deposits	$	19,316,116		$	18,527,617		$	16,162,334		$	60,976		$	55,975		$	26,549		1.29	%	1.20	%	0.67	%
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	594,335			551,846			872,811			2,450			2,563			3,639			1.67		1.84		1.69
Other borrowings	465,571			385,878			263,125			3,633			3,199			1,699			3.16		3.29		2.62
Subordinated notes	139,217			139,186			139,094			1,775			1,788			1,773			5.10		5.14		5.10
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566			253,566			253,566			3,150			2,983			2,463			4.97		4.60		3.89
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	20,768,805		$	19,858,093		$	17,690,930		$	71,984		$	66,508		$	36,123		1.40	%	1.33	%	0.83	%
Non-interest bearing deposits	6,444,378			6,542,228			6,639,845
Other liabilities	693,910			578,912			483,230
Equity	3,309,078			3,200,654			2,995,592
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	31,216,171		$	30,179,887		$	27,809,597
Interest rate spread⁽⁶⁾⁽⁸⁾																			3.34	%	3.25	%	3.30	%
Less: Fully tax-equivalent adjustment										(1,601		)	(1,570		)	(1,204		)	(0.02	)	(0.02	)	(0.02	)
Net free funds/contribution⁽⁷⁾	$	7,936,980		$	8,076,422		$	8,077,168											0.38		0.38		0.26
Net interest income/ margin⁽⁸⁾(GAAP)										$	261,986		$	254,088		$	225,082		3.70	%	3.61	%	3.54	%
Fully tax-equivalent adjustment										1,601			$	1,570		$	1,204		0.02		0.02		0.02
Net interest income/margin - (non-GAAP) ⁽⁸⁾										$	263,587		$	255,658		$	226,286		3.72	%	3.63	%	3.56	%


(1)	Includes interest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements.


(2)	Investment securities includes investment securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity, and equity securities with readily determinable fair values. Equity securities without readily determinable fair values are included within other assets.


(3)	Interest income on tax-advantaged loans, trading securities and investment securities reflects a tax-equivalent adjustment based on the marginal federal corporate tax rate in effect as of the applicable period. The total adjustments for the three months ended March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 were $1.6 million, $1.6 million and $1.2 million, respectively.


(4)	Other earning assets include brokerage customer receivables and trading account securities.


(5)	Loans, net of unearned income, include non-accrual loans.


(6)	Interest rate spread is the difference between the yield earned on earning assets and the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.


(7)	Net free funds are the difference between total average earning assets and total average interest-bearing liabilities. The estimated contribution to net interest margin from net free funds is calculated using the rate paid for total interest-bearing liabilities.


(8)	See “Supplemental Financial Measures/Ratios” for additional information on this performance ratio.

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For the first quarter of 2019, net interest income totaled $262.0 million, an increase of $7.9 million as compared to the fourth quarter of 2018, and an increase of $36.9 million as compared to the first quarter of 2018. Net interest margin was 3.70% (3.72% on a fully tax-equivalent basis, non-GAAP) during the first quarter of 2019 compared to 3.61% (3.63% on a fully tax-equivalent basis, non-GAAP) during the fourth quarter of 2018, and 3.54% (3.56% on a fully tax-equivalent basis, non-GAAP) during the first quarter of 2018.

Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income (GAAP)

The following table presents an analysis of the changes in the Company’s net interest income comparing the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 to December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018. The reconciliations set forth the changes in the GAAP-derived net interest income as a result of changes in volumes, changes in rates and differing number of days in each period:



	First Quarter of 2019 Compared to Fourth Quarter of 2018			First Quarter of 2019 Compared to First Quarter of 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	First Quarter of 2019 Compared to Fourth Quarter of 2018			First Quarter of 2019 Compared to First Quarter of 2018
Net interest income (GAAP) for comparative period	$	254,088		$	225,082
Change due to mix and growth of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (volume)	5,527			24,198
Change due to interest rate fluctuations (rate)	8,017			12,706
Change due to number of days in each period	(5,646		)	—
Net interest income (GAAP) for the period ended Match 31, 2019	$	261,986		$	261,986
Fully tax-equivalent adjustment	1,601			1,601
Net interest income (non-GAAP)	$	263,587		$	263,587

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Non-interest Income

The following table presents non-interest income by category for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended						$ Change			% Change
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018			$ Change			% Change
Brokerage	$	4,516		$	6,031		$	(1,515	)	(25	)%
Trust and asset management	19,461			16,955			2,506			15
Total wealth management	$	23,977		$	22,986		$	991		4	%
Mortgage banking	18,158			30,960			(12,802		)	(41	)
Service charges on deposit accounts	8,848			8,857			(9		)	—
Gains (losses) on investment securities, net	1,364			(351		)	1,715			NM
Fees from covered call options	1,784			1,597			187			12
Trading (losses) gains, net	(171		)	103			(274		)	NM
Operating lease income, net	10,796			9,691			1,105			11
Other:
Interest rate swap fees	2,831			2,237			594			27
BOLI	1,591			714			877			NM
Administrative services	1,030			1,061			(31		)	(3	)
Foreign currency remeasurement gains (losses)	464			(328		)	792			NM
Early pay-offs of capital leases	5			33			(28		)	(85	)
Miscellaneous	10,980			8,119			2,861			35
Total Other	$	16,901		$	11,836		$	5,065		43	%
Total Non-Interest Income	$	81,657		$	85,679		$	(4,022	)	(5	)%

NM - Not meaningful.

Notable contributions to the change in non-interest income are as follows:

The increase in wealth management revenue during the current period as compared to the first quarter of 2018 is primarily attributable to higher fees on tax-deferred like-kind exchange services and market appreciation related to managed money accounts with fees based on assets under management. Wealth management revenue is comprised of the trust and asset management revenue of The Chicago Trust Company and Great Lakes Advisors, the brokerage commissions, managed money fees and insurance product commissions at Wintrust Investments and fees from tax-deferred like-kind exchange services provided by CDEC.

The decrease in mortgage banking revenue in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to the first quarter of 2018 resulted primarily from lower origination volumes and negative fair value adjustments recognized on mortgage servicing rights related to changes in valuation assumptions and pay-offs and lower production margins. Mortgage loans originated for sale totaled $678.5 million in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to $778.9 million in the first quarter of 2018. Mortgage banking revenue includes revenue from activities related to originating, selling and servicing residential real estate loans for the secondary market. Mortgage revenue is also impacted by changes in the fair value of mortgage servicing rights ("MSRs") as the Company did not hedge this change in fair value for the periods presented. The Company records MSRs at fair value on a recurring basis. The table below presents additional selected information regarding mortgage banking revenue for the respective periods.

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The table below presents additional selected information regarding mortgage banking revenue for the respective periods.



	Three months ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Retail originations	$	365,602		$	539,911
Correspondent originations	148,100			126,464
Veterans First originations	164,762			112,477
Total originations for sale (A)	$	678,464		$	778,852
Originations for investment	93,689			43,249
Total originations	$	772,153		$	822,101

Purchases as a percentage of originations for sale	67		%	73		%
Refinances as a percentage of originations for sale	33			27
Total	100		%	100		%

Production Margin:
Production revenue ⁽¹⁾(B)	$	16,606		$	20,526
Production margin (B/A)	2.45		%	2.64		%

Mortgage Servicing:
Loans serviced for others (C)	$	7,014,269		$	4,795,335
MSRs, at fair value (D)	71,022			54,572
Percentage of MSRs to loans serviced for others (D/C)	1.01		%	1.14		%

Components of Mortgage Banking Revenue:
Production revenue	$	16,606		$	20,526
MSR current period capitalization	6,580			4,159
MSR collection of expected cash flow - paydowns	(505		)	(443		)
MSR collection of expected cash flow - payoffs	(1,492		)	(759		)
MSR changes in fair value model assumptions	(8,744		)	4,133
Servicing income	5,460			2,905
Other	253			439
Total mortgage banking revenue	$	18,158		$	30,960


(1)	Production revenue represents revenue earned from the origination and subsequent sale of mortgages, including gains on loans sold and fees from originations, processing and other related activities, and excludes servicing fees, changes in fair value of servicing rights and changes to the mortgage recourse obligation.

The Company has typically written call options with terms of less than three months against certain U.S. Treasury and agency securities held in its portfolio for liquidity and other purposes. Management has entered into these transactions with the goal of economically hedging security positions and enhancing its overall return on its investment portfolio by using fees generated from these options to compensate for net interest margin compression. These option transactions are designed to mitigate overall interest rate risk and do not qualify as hedges pursuant to accounting guidance. There were no outstanding call option contracts at March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018.

The increase in miscellaneous non-interest income in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to the first quarter of 2018 is primarily due to higher loan syndication revenue and higher income from investments in partnerships.

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Non-interest Expense

The following table presents non-interest expense by category for the periods presented:



	Three months ended				$ Change			% Change
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2018		$ Change			% Change
Salaries and employee benefits:
Salaries	$	74,037	$	61,986	$	12,051		19	%
Commissions and incentive compensation	31,599		31,949		(350		)	(1	)
Benefits	20,087		18,501		1,586			9
Total salaries and employee benefits	$	125,723	$	112,436	$	13,287		12	%
Equipment	11,770		10,072		1,698			17
Operating lease equipment depreciation	8,319		6,533		1,786			27
Occupancy, net	16,245		13,767		2,478			18
Data processing	7,525		8,493		(968		)	(11	)
Advertising and marketing	9,858		8,824		1,034			12
Professional fees	5,556		6,649		(1,093		)	(16	)
Amortization of other intangible assets	2,942		1,004		1,938			NM
FDIC insurance	3,576		4,362		(786		)	(18	)
OREO expense, net	632		2,926		(2,294		)	(78	)
Other:
Commissions—3rd party brokers	718		1,252		(534		)	(43	)
Postage	2,450		1,866		584			31
Miscellaneous	19,060		16,165		2,895			18
Total other	$	22,228	$	19,283	$	2,945		15	%
Total Non-Interest Expense	$	214,374	$	194,349	$	20,025		10	%

NM - Not meaningful.

Notable contributions to the change in non-interest expense are as follows:

Salaries and employee benefits expense increased in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 primarily as a result of the addition of employees from acquisitions, increased staffing as the Company grows and higher employee benefits.

Occupancy expense increased in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 primarily as a result of higher costs related to additional locations. Occupancy expense includes depreciation on premises, real estate taxes and insurance, utilities and maintenance of premises, as well as net rent expense for leased premises.

Amortization expense increased in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 primarily as a result of intangible assets associated with the acquisition of CDEC in the fourth quarter of 2018.

OREO expense decreased in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 primarily due to lower write-offs related to collateral valuation adjustments. OREO expenses include all costs associated with obtaining, maintaining and selling other real estate owned properties as well as valuation adjustments.

Other miscellaneous expense increased during the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 as a result of various other expenses, including a $1.0 million non-tax-deductible settlement in the first quarter of 2019.

Income Taxes

The Company recorded income tax expense of $29.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $26.1 million for the same period of 2018. The effective tax rates were 24.9% and 24.1% for the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively. The effective tax rates in both quarters were impacted by the recording of excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation totaling $1.6 million and $2.6 million in the first quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Excess tax benefits are

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expected to be higher in the first quarter when the majority of the Company's share-based awards vest, and will fluctuate throughout the year based on the Company's stock price and timing of employee stock option exercises and vesting of other share-based awards.

Operating Segment Results

As described in Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1, the Company’s operations consist of three primary segments: community banking, specialty finance and wealth management. The Company’s profitability is primarily dependent on the net interest income, provision for credit losses, non-interest income and operating expenses of its community banking segment. For purposes of internal segment profitability, management allocates certain intersegment and parent company balances. Management allocates a portion of revenues to the specialty finance segment related to loans and leases originated by the specialty finance segment and sold or assigned to the community banking segment. Similarly, for purposes of analyzing the contribution from the wealth management segment, management allocates a portion of the net interest income earned by the community banking segment on deposit balances of customers of the wealth management segment to the wealth management segment. Finally, expenses incurred at the Wintrust parent company are allocated to each segment based on each segment's risk-weighted assets.

The community banking segment’s net interest income for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 totaled $211.4 million as compared to $183.3 million for the same period in 2018, an increase of $28.2 million, or 15%. The increase is primarily attributable to growth in earning assets and higher net interest margin. The community banking segment’s non-interest income totaled $48.3 million in the first quarter of 2019, a decrease of $8.3 million, or 15%, when compared to the first quarter of 2018 total of $56.5 million. The decrease in non-interest income is primarily attributable to a decrease in mortgage banking revenue as a result of lower origination volumes and negative fair value adjustments recognized on mortgage servicing rights related to changes in valuation assumptions and pay-offs and lower production margins. The community banking segment’s net income for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 totaled $60.3 million, an increase of $3.0 million as compared to net income in the first quarter of 2018 of $57.3 million.

The specialty finance segment's net interest income totaled $37.7 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, compared to $32.9 million for the same period in 2018, an increase of $4.8 million, or 15%. The increase is primarily attributable to growth in earning assets and higher yields on the premium finance receivables portfolios. The specialty finance segment’s non-interest income totaled $19.6 million and $15.7 million for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in non-interest income in the current year period is primarily the result of higher originations and increased balances related to the commercial premium finance portfolio and growth in business from the Company's leasing division. Our commercial premium finance operations, life insurance finance operations, lease financing operations and accounts receivable finance operations accounted for 39%, 36%, 21% and 4%, respectively, of the total revenues of our specialty finance business for the three month period ended March 31, 2019. The net income of the specialty finance segment for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 totaled $21.8 million as compared to $20.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.

The wealth management segment reported net interest income of $7.5 million for the first quarter of 2019 compared to $4.4 million in the same quarter of 2018. Net interest income for this segment is primarily comprised of an allocation of the net interest income earned by the community banking segment on non-interest bearing and interest-bearing wealth management customer account balances on deposit at the banks. Wealth management customer account balances on deposit at the banks averaged $1.7 billion and $935.9 million in the first quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively. This segment recorded non-interest income of $25.0 million for the first quarter of 2019 compared to $23.0 million for the first quarter of 2018. Distribution of wealth management services through each bank continues to be a focus of the Company. The Company is committed to growing the wealth management segment in order to better service its customers and create a more diversified revenue stream. The wealth management segment’s net income totaled $7.0 million for the first quarter of 2019 compared to $4.7 million for the first quarter of 2018.

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Financial Condition

Total assets were $32.4 billion at March 31, 2019, representing an increase of $3.9 billion, or 14%, when compared to March 31, 2018 and an increase of approximately $1.1 billion, or 14% on an annualized basis, when compared to December 31, 2018. Total funding, which includes deposits, all notes and advances, including secured borrowings and the junior subordinated debentures, was $28.1 billion at March 31, 2019, $27.3 billion at December 31, 2018, and $24.8 billion at March 31, 2018. See Notes 5, 6, 10, 11 and 12 of the Consolidated Financial Statements presented under Item 1 of this report for additional period-end detail on the Company’s interest-earning assets and funding liabilities.

Interest-Earning Assets

The following table sets forth, by category, the composition of average earning asset balances and the relative percentage of total average earning assets for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent
Mortgage loans held-for-sale	$	188,190	1	%	$	265,717	1	%	$	281,181	1	%
Loans, net of unearned income
Commercial	7,854,451		27		7,543,062		27		6,837,100		27
Commercial real estate	6,963,852		24		6,746,565		24		6,590,145		26
Home equity	540,121		2		562,600		2		648,827		2
Residential real estate	938,364		3		886,492		3		829,634		3
Premium finance receivables	7,468,706		26		7,282,636		26		6,680,095		26
Other loans	115,422		1		142,799		1		125,541		—
Total average loans ⁽¹⁾	$	23,880,916	83	%	$	23,164,154	83	%	$	21,711,342	84	%
Liquidity management assets ⁽²⁾	$	4,623,088	16	%	$	4,488,440	16	%	$	3,748,004	15	%
Other earning assets ⁽³⁾	13,591		—		16,204		—		27,571		—
Total average earning assets	$	28,705,785	100	%	$	27,934,515	100	%	$	25,768,098	100	%
Total average assets	$	31,216,171			$	30,179,887			$	27,809,597
Total average earning assets to total average assets			92	%			93	%			93	%


(1)	Includes non-accrual loans


(2)	Liquidity management assets include investment securities, other securities, interest earning deposits with banks, federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements


(3)	Other earning assets include brokerage customer receivables and trading account securities

Mortgage loans held-for-sale. Average mortgage loans held-for-sale totaled $188.2 million in the first quarter of 2019, compared to $265.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2018 and $281.2 million in the first quarter of 2018. By selling residential mortgage loans into the secondary market, the Company eliminates the interest-rate risk associated with these loans, as they are predominantly long-term fixed rate loans, and provides a source of non-interest revenue.

Loans, net of unearned income. Average total loans, net of unearned income, totaled $23.9 billion in the first quarter of 2019, increasing $2.2 billion, or 10%, from the first quarter of 2018 and $716.8 million, or 13% on an annualized basis, from the fourth quarter of 2018. Combined, the commercial and commercial real estate loan categories comprised 62% of the average loan portfolio in both of the first quarter of 2019 and 2018. Growth realized in these categories for the first quarter of 2019 as compared to the sequential and prior year periods is primarily attributable to increased business development efforts and the acquisition of AEB. Additionally, growth realized in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to the first quarter of 2018 was partially attributable to the acquisition of CSC.

Home equity loan portfolio averaged $540.1 million in the first quarter of 2019, and decreased $108.7 million, or 17% from the average balance of $648.8 million in same period of 2018. The Company has been actively managing its home equity portfolio to ensure that diligent pricing, appraisal and other underwriting activities continue to exist.

Residential real estate loans averaged $938.4 million in the first quarter of 2019, and increased $108.7 million, or 13% from the average balance of $829.6 million in same period of 2018. Additionally, compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2018, the

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average balance increased $51.9 million, or 24% on an annualized basis. The Company's residential real estate portfolio predominantly includes one- to four-family adjustable rate mortgage loans that have repricing terms generally from one to three years, construction loans to individuals and bridge financing loans for qualifying customers.

Average premium finance receivables totaled $7.5 billion in the first quarter of 2019, and accounted for 31% of the Company’s average total loans. The increase during the first quarter of 2019 compared to both the fourth quarter of 2018 and the first quarter of 2018 was the result of continued originations within the portfolio due to the effective marketing and customer servicing. Approximately $2.1 billion of premium finance receivables were originated in the first quarter of 2019 compared to $1.8 billion during the same period of 2018. Premium finance receivables consist of a commercial portfolio and a life portfolio comprising approximately 39% and 61%, respectively, of the average total balance of premium finance receivables for the first quarter of 2019, and 39% and 61%, respectively, for the first quarter of 2018.

Other loans represent a wide variety of personal and consumer loans to individuals as well as high-yielding short-term accounts receivable financing to clients in the temporary staffing industry located throughout the United States. Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than mortgage loans but generally involve more credit risk due to the type and nature of the collateral. Additionally, short-term accounts receivable financing may also involve greater credit risks than generally associated with the loan portfolios of more traditional community banks depending on the marketability of the collateral.

Liquidity management assets. Funds that are not utilized for loan originations are used to purchase investment securities and short term money market investments, to sell as federal funds and to maintain in interest bearing deposits with banks. The balances of these assets can fluctuate based on management’s ongoing effort to manage liquidity and for asset liability management purposes.

Other earning assets. Other earning assets include brokerage customer receivables and trading account securities. In the normal course of business, Wintrust Investments activities involve the execution, settlement, and financing of various securities transactions. Wintrust Investments customer securities activities are transacted on either a cash or margin basis. In margin transactions, Wintrust Investments, under an agreement with an out-sourced securities firm, extends credit to its customers, subject to various regulatory and internal margin requirements, collateralized by cash and securities in customer’s accounts. In connection with these activities, Wintrust Investments executes and the out-sourced firm clears customer transactions relating to the sale of securities not yet purchased, substantially all of which are transacted on a margin basis subject to individual exchange regulations. Such transactions may expose Wintrust Investments to off-balance-sheet risk, particularly in volatile trading markets, in the event margin requirements are not sufficient to fully cover losses that customers may incur. In the event a customer fails to satisfy its obligations, Wintrust Investments under the agreement with the outsourced securities firm, may be required to purchase or sell financial instruments at prevailing market prices to fulfill the customer’s obligations. Wintrust Investments seeks to control the risks associated with its customers’ activities by requiring customers to maintain margin collateral in compliance with various regulatory and internal guidelines. Wintrust Investments monitors required margin levels daily and, pursuant to such guidelines, requires customers to deposit additional collateral or to reduce positions when necessary.

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LOAN PORTFOLIO AND ASSET QUALITY

Loan Portfolio

The following table shows the Company’s loan portfolio by category as of the dates shown:



	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				March 31, 2018
			% of				% of				% of
(Dollars in thousands)	Amount		Total		Amount		Total		Amount		Total
Commercial	$	7,994,191	33	%	$	7,828,538	33	%	$	7,060,871	32	%
Commercial real estate	6,973,505		29		6,933,252		29		6,633,520		30
Home equity	528,448		2		552,343		2		626,547		3
Residential real estate	1,053,524		4		1,002,464		4		869,104		4
Premium finance receivables—commercial	2,988,788		12		2,841,659		12		2,576,150		12
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	4,555,369		19		4,541,794		19		4,189,961		19
Consumer and other	120,804		1		120,641		1		105,981		—
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	24,214,629	100	%	$	23,820,691	100	%	$	22,062,134	100	%

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Commercial and commercial real estate loans. Our commercial and commercial real estate loan portfolios are comprised primarily of commercial real estate loans and lines of credit for working capital purposes. The table below sets forth information regarding the types and amounts of our loans within these portfolios as of March 31, 2019 and 2018:



	As of March 31, 2019						As of March 31, 2018
					Allowance						Allowance
			% of		For Loan				% of		For Loan
			Total		Losses				Total		Losses
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance		Balance		Allocation		Balance		Balance		Allocation
Commercial:
Commercial, industrial and other	$	5,250,953	35.0	%	$	50,178	$	4,560,880	33.4	%	$	39,182
Franchise	879,906		5.9		12,055		935,358		6.8		7,116
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit	174,284		1.2		1,399		163,470		1.2		1,297
Asset-based lending	1,040,834		7.0		8,868		977,735		7.1		8,316
Leases	622,884		4.2		1,675		414,198		3.0		1,222
PCI - commercial loans ⁽¹⁾	25,330		0.1		463		9,230		0.1		503
Total commercial	$	7,994,191	53.4	%	$	74,638	$	7,060,871	51.6	%	$	57,636
Commercial Real Estate:
Construction	$	803,669	5.4	%	$	9,142	$	815,636	6.0	%	$	9,596
Land	147,701		1.0		4,194		122,690		0.9		3,990
Office	926,375		6.2		6,267		891,071		6.5		5,800
Industrial	964,960		6.4		6,534		906,144		6.6		5,899
Retail	895,267		6.0		6,065		895,622		6.5		8,135
Multi-family	1,117,385		7.5		10,875		931,355		6.8		9,613
Mixed use and other	2,007,487		13.4		14,653		1,955,456		14.3		14,377
PCI - commercial real estate ⁽¹⁾	110,661		0.7		120		115,546		0.8		71
Total commercial real estate	$	6,973,505	46.6	%	$	57,850	$	6,633,520	48.4	%	$	57,481
Total commercial and commercial real estate	$	14,967,696	100.0	%	$	132,488	$	13,694,391	100.0	%	$	115,117

Commercial real estate - collateral location by state:
Illinois	$	5,331,784	76.5	%			$	5,199,090	78.4	%
Wisconsin	758,097		10.9				706,076		10.6
Total primary markets	$	6,089,881	87.4	%			$	5,905,166	89.0	%
Indiana	175,350		2.5				138,999		2.1
Florida	55,528		0.8				57,260		0.9
Arizona	61,375		0.9				55,914		0.8
Michigan	35,650		0.5				46,230		0.7
California	67,545		1.0				67,922		1.0
Other	488,176		6.9				362,029		5.5
Total	$	6,973,505	100.0	%			$	6,633,520	100.0	%


(1)	PCI loans represent loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination, in accordance with ASC 310-30. Loan agings are based upon contractually required payments.

We make commercial loans for many purposes, including working capital lines, which are generally renewable annually and supported by business assets, personal guarantees and additional collateral. Commercial business lending is generally considered to involve a slightly higher degree of risk than traditional consumer bank lending. Primarily as a result of growth in the commercial portfolio and higher specific reserves on impaired loans within the portfolio, our allowance for loan losses in our commercial loan portfolio is $74.6 million as of March 31, 2019 compared to $57.6 million as of March 31, 2018.

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Our commercial real estate loans are generally secured by a first mortgage lien and assignment of rents on the property. Since most of our bank branches are located in the Chicago metropolitan area and southern Wisconsin, 87.4% of our commercial real estate loan portfolio is located in this region as of March 31, 2019. We have been able to effectively manage our total non-performing commercial real estate loans. As of March 31, 2019, our allowance for loan losses related to this portfolio is $57.9 million compared to $57.5 million as of March 31, 2018.

The Company also participates in mortgage warehouse lending by providing interim funding to unaffiliated mortgage bankers to finance residential mortgages originated by such bankers for sale into the secondary market. The Company’s loans to the mortgage bankers are secured by the business assets of the mortgage companies as well as the specific mortgage loans funded by the Company, after they have been pre-approved for purchase by third party end lenders. The Company may also provide interim financing for packages of mortgage loans on a bulk basis in circumstances where the mortgage bankers desire to competitively bid on a number of mortgages for sale as a package in the secondary market. Amounts advanced with respect to any particular mortgage loan are usually required to be repaid within 21 days. Mortgage warehouse lines portfolio totaled $174.3 million as of March 31, 2019 compared to $163.5 million as of March 31, 2018.

Home equity loans. Our home equity loans and lines of credit are originated by each of our banks in their local markets where we have a strong understanding of the underlying real estate value. Our banks monitor and manage these loans, and we conduct an automated review of all home equity loans and lines of credit at least twice per year. This review collects current credit performance for each home equity borrower and identifies situations where the credit strength of the borrower is declining, or where there are events that may influence repayment, such as tax liens or judgments. Our banks use this information to manage loans that may be higher risk and to determine whether to obtain additional credit information or updated property valuations.

The rates we offer on new home equity lending are based on several factors, including appraisals and valuation due diligence, in order to reflect inherent risk, and we place additional scrutiny on larger home equity requests. In a limited number of cases, we issue home equity credit together with first mortgage financing, and requests for such financing are evaluated on a combined basis. It is not our practice to advance more than 85% of the appraised value of the underlying asset, which ratio we refer to as the loan-to-value ratio, or LTV ratio, and a majority of the credit we previously extended, when issued, had an LTV ratio of less than 80%.

Our home equity loan portfolio has performed well in light of the ongoing volatility in the overall residential real estate market.

Residential real estate. Our residential real estate portfolio predominantly includes one- to four-family adjustable rate mortgages that have repricing terms generally from one to three years, construction loans to individuals and bridge financing loans for qualifying customers. As of March 31, 2019, our residential loan portfolio totaled $1.1 billion, or 4% of our total outstanding loans.

Our adjustable rate mortgages relate to properties located principally in the Chicago metropolitan area and southern Wisconsin or vacation homes owned by local residents. These adjustable rate mortgages are often non-agency conforming. Adjustable rate mortgage loans decrease the interest rate risk we face on our mortgage portfolio. However, this risk is not eliminated due to the fact that such loans generally provide for periodic and lifetime limits on the interest rate adjustments among other features. Additionally, adjustable rate mortgages may pose a higher risk of delinquency and default because they require borrowers to make larger payments when interest rates rise. As of March 31, 2019, $15.9 million of our residential real estate mortgages, or 1.5% of our residential real estate loan portfolio were classified as nonaccrual, $1.5 million were 90 or more days past due and still accruing (0.1%), $11.6 million were 30 to 89 days past due (1.1%) and $1.0 billion were current (97.3%). We believe that since our loan portfolio consists primarily of locally originated loans, and since the majority of our borrowers are longer-term customers with lower LTV ratios, we face a relatively low risk of borrower default and delinquency.

While we generally do not originate loans for our own portfolio with long-term fixed rates due to interest rate risk considerations, we can accommodate customer requests for fixed rate loans by originating such loans and then selling them into the secondary market, for which we receive fee income. We may also selectively retain certain of these loans within the banks’ own portfolios where they are non-agency conforming, or where the terms of the loans make them favorable to retain. A portion of the loans we sold into the secondary market were sold with the servicing of those loans retained. The amount of loans serviced for others as of March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $7.0 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively. All other mortgage loans sold into the secondary market were sold without the retention of servicing rights.

The Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA") optional repurchase programs allow financial institutions acting as servicers to buy back individual delinquent mortgage loans that meet certain criteria from the securitized loan pool for which the institution was the original transferor of such loans. At the option of the servicer and without prior authorization from GNMA, the servicer may repurchase such delinquent loans for an amount equal to the remaining principal balance of the loan. Under FASB ASC Topic 860, “Transfers and Servicing,” this buy-back option is considered a conditional option until the delinquency criteria

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are met, at which time the option becomes unconditional. When the Company is deemed to have regained effective control over these loans under the unconditional repurchase option and the expected benefit of the potential repurchase is more than trivial, the loans can no longer be reported as sold and must be brought back onto the balance sheet as loans, regardless of whether the Company intends to exercise the buy-back option. These loans are reported as loans held-for-investment, part of the residential real estate portfolio, with the offsetting liability being reported in accrued interest payable and other liabilities. Rebooked GNMA loans held-for-investment amounted to $89.8 million at March 31, 2019, compared to $41.3 million balance at March 31, 2018.

It is not our current practice to underwrite, and we have no plans to underwrite, subprime, Alt A, no or little documentation loans, or option ARM loans. As of March 31, 2019, approximately $1.3 million of our mortgage loans consist of interest-only loans.

Premium finance receivables – commercial. FIRST Insurance Funding and FIFC Canada originated approximately $1.9 billion in commercial insurance premium finance receivables in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to $1.6 billion of originations in the first quarter of 2018. FIRST Insurance Funding and FIFC Canada make loans to businesses to finance the insurance premiums they pay on their commercial insurance policies. The loans are originated by working through independent medium and large insurance agents and brokers located throughout the United States and Canada. The insurance premiums financed are primarily for commercial customers’ purchases of liability, property and casualty and other commercial insurance.

This lending involves relatively rapid turnover of the loan portfolio and high volume of loan originations. Because of the indirect nature of this lending through third party agents and brokers and because the borrowers are located nationwide and in Canada, this segment is more susceptible to third party fraud than relationship lending. The Company performs ongoing credit and other reviews of the agents and brokers, and performs various internal audit steps to mitigate against the risk of any fraud. The majority of these loans are purchased by the banks in order to more fully utilize their lending capacity as these loans generally provide the banks with higher yields than alternative investments.

Premium finance receivables—life insurance. Wintrust Life Finance originated approximately $244.1 million in life insurance premium finance receivables in the first quarter of 2019 as compared to $224.5 million of originations in the first quarter of 2018. The Company continues to experience increased competition and pricing pressure within the current market. These loans are originated directly with the borrowers with assistance from life insurance carriers, independent insurance agents, financial advisors and legal counsel. The life insurance policy is the primary form of collateral. In addition, these loans often are secured with a letter of credit, marketable securities or certificates of deposit. In some cases, Wintrust Life Finance may make a loan that has a partially unsecured position.

Consumer and other. Included in the consumer and other loan category is a wide variety of personal and consumer loans to individuals as well as high yielding short-term accounts receivable financing to clients in the temporary staffing industry located throughout the United States. The Banks originate consumer loans in order to provide a wider range of financial services to their customers.

Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than mortgage loans but generally involve more credit risk than mortgage loans due to the type and nature of the collateral. Additionally, short-term accounts receivable financing may also involve greater credit risks than generally associated with the loan portfolios of more traditional community banks depending on the marketability of the collateral.

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Maturities and Sensitivities of Loans to Changes in Interest Rates

The following table classifies the loan portfolio at March 31, 2019 by date at which the loans reprice or mature, and the type of rate exposure:



As of March 31, 2019	One year or less		From one to five years		Over five years
(Dollars in thousands)	One year or less		From one to five years		Over five years		Total
Commercial
Fixed rate	$	164,370	$	1,149,701	$	755,402	$	2,069,473
Variable rate	5,917,650		6,923		145		5,924,718
Total commercial	$	6,082,020	$	1,156,624	$	755,547	$	7,994,191
Commercial real estate
Fixed rate	419,045		1,956,704		332,469		2,708,218
Variable rate	4,237,177		28,102		8		4,265,287
Total commercial real estate	$	4,656,222	$	1,984,806	$	332,477	$	6,973,505
Home equity
Fixed rate	16,272		12,934		4,981		34,187
Variable rate	494,261		—		—		494,261
Total home equity	$	510,533	$	12,934	$	4,981	$	528,448
Residential real estate
Fixed rate	30,648		20,501		235,107		286,256
Variable rate	49,860		314,090		403,318		767,268
Total residential real estate	$	80,508	$	334,591	$	638,425	$	1,053,524
Premium finance receivables - commercial
Fixed rate	2,928,872		59,916		—		2,988,788
Variable rate	—		—		—		—
Total premium finance receivables - commercial	$	2,928,872	$	59,916	$	—	$	2,988,788
Premium finance receivables - life insurance
Fixed rate	19,925		66,737		6,087		92,749
Variable rate	4,462,620		—		—		4,462,620
Total premium finance receivables - life insurance	$	4,482,545	$	66,737	$	6,087	$	4,555,369
Consumer and other
Fixed rate	80,068		11,236		2,072		93,376
Variable rate	27,387		41		—		27,428
Total consumer and other	$	107,455	$	11,277	$	2,072	$	120,804
Total per category
Fixed rate	3,659,200		3,277,729		1,336,118		8,273,047
Variable rate	15,188,955		349,156		403,471		15,941,582
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	18,848,155	$	3,626,885	$	1,739,589	$	24,214,629
Variable Rate Loan Pricing by Index:
Prime	$	2,307,308
One- month LIBOR	8,188,860
Three- month LIBOR	381,204
Twelve- month LIBOR	4,836,490
Other	227,720
Total variable rate	$	15,941,582

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Past Due Loans and Non-Performing Assets

Our ability to manage credit risk depends in large part on our ability to properly identify and manage problem loans. To do so, the Company operates a credit risk rating system under which our credit management personnel assign a credit risk rating to each loan at the time of origination and review loans on a regular basis to determine each loan’s credit risk rating on a scale of 1 through 10 with higher scores indicating higher risk. The credit risk rating structure used is shown below:



1 Rating —		Minimal Risk (Loss Potential – none or extremely low) (Superior asset quality, excellent liquidity, minimal leverage)

2 Rating —		Modest Risk (Loss Potential demonstrably low) (Very good asset quality and liquidity, strong leverage capacity)

3 Rating —		Average Risk (Loss Potential low but no longer refutable) (Mostly satisfactory asset quality and liquidity, good leverage capacity)

4 Rating —		Above Average Risk (Loss Potential variable, but some potential for deterioration) (Acceptable asset quality, little excess liquidity, modest leverage capacity)

5 Rating —		Management Attention Risk (Loss Potential moderate if corrective action not taken) (Generally acceptable asset quality, somewhat strained liquidity, minimal leverage capacity)

6 Rating —		Special Mention (Loss Potential moderate if corrective action not taken) (Assets in this category are currently protected, potentially weak, but not to the point of substandard classification)

7 Rating —		Substandard Accrual (Loss Potential distinct possibility that the bank may sustain some loss, but no discernable impairment) (Must have well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt)

8 Rating —		Substandard Non-accrual (Loss Potential well documented probability of loss, including potential impairment) (Must have well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt)

9 Rating —		Doubtful (Loss Potential extremely high) (These assets have all the weaknesses in those classified “substandard” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions, and values, highly improbable)

10 Rating —		Loss (fully charged-off) (Loans in this category are considered fully uncollectible.)

Each loan officer is responsible for monitoring his or her loan portfolio, recommending a credit risk rating for each loan in his or her portfolio and ensuring the credit risk ratings are appropriate. These credit risk ratings are then ratified by the bank’s chief credit officer and/or concurrence credit officer. Credit risk ratings are determined by evaluating a number of factors including a borrower’s financial strength, cash flow coverage, collateral protection and guarantees. A third party loan review firm independently reviews a significant portion of the loan portfolio at each of the Company’s subsidiary banks to evaluate the appropriateness of the management-assigned credit risk ratings. These ratings are subject to further review at each of our bank subsidiaries by the applicable regulatory authority, including the FRB of Chicago, the OCC, the State of Illinois and the State of Wisconsin and are also reviewed by our internal audit staff.

The Company’s problem loan reporting system includes all loans with credit risk ratings of 6 through 9. This system is designed to provide an on-going detailed tracking mechanism for each problem loan. Once management determines that a loan has deteriorated to a point where it has a credit risk rating of 6 or worse, the Company’s Managed Asset Division performs an overall credit and collateral review. As part of this review, all underlying collateral is identified and the valuation methodology is analyzed and tracked. As a result of this initial review by the Company’s Managed Asset Division, the credit risk rating is reviewed and a portion of the outstanding loan balance may be deemed uncollectible or an impairment reserve may be established. The Company’s impairment analysis utilizes an independent re-appraisal of the collateral (unless such a third-party evaluation is not possible due to the unique nature of the collateral, such as a closely-held business or thinly traded securities). In the case of commercial real estate collateral, an independent third party appraisal is ordered by the Company’s Real Estate Services Group to determine if there has been any change in the underlying collateral value. These independent appraisals are reviewed by the Real Estate Services Group and sometimes by independent third party valuation experts and may be adjusted depending upon market conditions. An appraisal is ordered at least once a year for these loans, or more often if market conditions dictate. In the event that the underlying value of the collateral cannot be easily determined, a detailed valuation methodology is prepared by the Managed Asset Division. A summary of this analysis is provided to the directors’ loan committee of the bank which originated the credit for approval of a charge-off, if necessary.

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Through the credit risk rating process, loans are reviewed to determine if they are performing in accordance with the original contractual terms. If the borrower has failed to comply with the original contractual terms, further action may be required by the Company, including a downgrade in the credit risk rating, movement to non-accrual status, a charge-off or the establishment of a specific impairment reserve. In the event a collateral shortfall is identified during the credit review process, the Company will work with the borrower for a principal reduction and/or a pledge of additional collateral and/or additional guarantees. In the event that these options are not available, the loan may be subject to a downgrade of the credit risk rating. If we determine that a loan amount or portion thereof, is uncollectible the loan’s credit risk rating is immediately downgraded to an 8 or 9 and the uncollectible amount is charged-off. Any loan that has a partial charge-off continues to be assigned a credit risk rating of an 8 or 9 for the duration of time that a balance remains outstanding. The Managed Asset Division undertakes a thorough and ongoing analysis to determine if additional impairment and/or charge-offs are appropriate and to begin a workout plan for the credit to minimize actual losses.

The Company’s approach to workout plans and restructuring loans is built on the credit-risk rating process. A modification of a loan with an existing credit risk rating of 6 or worse or a modification of any other credit, which will result in a restructured credit risk rating of 6 or worse must be reviewed for TDR classification. In that event, our Managed Assets Division conducts an overall credit and collateral review. A modification of a loan is considered to be a TDR if both (1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and (2) for economic or legal reasons, the bank grants a concession to a borrower that it would not otherwise consider. The modification of a loan where the credit risk rating is 5 or better both before and after such modification is not considered to be a TDR. Based on the Company’s credit risk rating system, it considers that borrowers whose credit risk rating is 5 or better are not experiencing financial difficulties and therefore, are not considered TDRs.

TDRs, which are by definition considered impaired loans, are reviewed at the time of modification and on a quarterly basis to determine if a specific reserve is needed. The carrying amount of the loan is compared to the expected payments to be received, discounted at the loan’s original rate, or for collateral dependent loans, to the fair value of the collateral less the estimated cost to sell. Any shortfall is recorded as a specific reserve.

For non-TDR loans, if based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due to it according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, a loan is considered impaired, and a specific impairment reserve analysis is performed and if necessary, a specific reserve is established. In determining the appropriate reserve for collateral-dependent loans, the Company considers the results of appraisals for the associated collateral.

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Non-performing Assets

The following table sets forth Wintrust’s non-performing assets and TDRs performing under the contractual terms of the loan agreement, excluding PCI loans, as of the dates shown:



(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2018
Loans past due greater than 90 days and still accruing ⁽¹⁾:
Commercial	$	—		$	—		$	—
Commercial real estate	—			—			—
Home equity	—			—			—
Residential real estate	30			—			—
Premium finance receivables—commercial	6,558			7,799			8,547
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	168			—			—
Consumer and other	218			109			207
Total loans past due greater than 90 days and still accruing	6,974			7,908			8,754
Non-accrual loans ⁽²⁾:
Commercial	55,792			50,984			14,007
Commercial real estate	15,933			19,129			21,825
Home equity	7,885			7,147			9,828
Residential real estate	15,879			16,383			17,214
Premium finance receivables—commercial	14,797			11,335			17,342
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	—			—			—
Consumer and other	326			348			720
Total non-accrual loans	110,612			105,326			80,936
Total non-performing loans:
Commercial	55,792			50,984			14,007
Commercial real estate	15,933			19,129			21,825
Home equity	7,885			7,147			9,828
Residential real estate	15,909			16,383			17,214
Premium finance receivables—commercial	21,355			19,134			25,889
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	168			—			—
Consumer and other	544			457			927
Total non-performing loans	$	117,586		$	113,234		$	89,690
Other real estate owned	9,154			11,968			18,481
Other real estate owned—from acquisitions	12,366			12,852			18,117
Other repossessed assets	270			280			113
Total non-performing assets	$	139,376		$	138,334		$	126,401
TDRs performing under the contractual terms of the loan agreement	48,305			33,281			39,562
Total non-performing loans by category as a percent of its own respective category’s period-end balance:
Commercial	0.70		%	0.65		%	0.20		%
Commercial real estate	0.23			0.28			0.33
Home equity	1.49			1.29			1.57
Residential real estate	1.51			1.63			1.98
Premium finance receivables—commercial	0.71			0.67			1.00
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	0.00			—			—
Consumer and other	0.45			0.38			0.87
Total non-performing loans	0.49		%	0.48		%	0.41		%
Total non-performing assets, as a percentage of total assets	0.43		%	0.44		%	0.44		%
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total non-performing loans	134.55		%	134.92		%	155.54		%


(1)	As of the dates shown, no TDRs were past due greater than 90 days and still accruing interest.


(2)	Non-accrual loans included TDRs totaling $40.1 million, $32.8 million and $8.1 million as of March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

Management is pursuing the resolution of all credits in this category. At this time, management believes reserves are appropriate to absorb inherent losses that are expected upon the ultimate resolution of these credits.

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Loan Portfolio Aging

The tables below show the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:



	Nonaccrual		90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due		Current		Total Loans
As of March 31, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)
Loan Balances:
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	38,858	$	—	$	1,787	$	38,094	$	5,172,214	$	5,250,953
Franchise	15,799		—		—		534		863,573		879,906
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit	—		—		—		—		174,284		174,284
Asset-based lending	1,135		—		—		7,821		1,031,878		1,040,834
Leases	—		—		—		2,796		620,088		622,884
PCI - commercial ⁽¹⁾	—		2,499		—		455		22,376		25,330
Total commercial	55,792		2,499		1,787		49,700		7,884,413		7,994,191
Commercial real estate
Construction	1,030		—		496		3,877		798,266		803,669
Land	54		—		—		3,888		143,759		147,701
Office	4,482		—		—		3,364		918,529		926,375
Industrial	267		—		1,039		10,643		953,011		964,960
Retail	7,645		—		—		8,149		879,473		895,267
Multi-family	303		—		187		675		1,116,220		1,117,385
Mixed use and other	2,152		—		1,084		17,243		1,987,008		2,007,487
PCI - commercial real estate ⁽¹⁾	—		4,265		2,806		7,033		96,557		110,661
Total commercial real estate	15,933		4,265		5,612		54,872		6,892,823		6,973,505
Home equity	7,885		—		810		4,315		515,438		528,448
Residential real estate, including PCI	15,879		1,481		509		11,112		1,024,543		1,053,524
Premium finance receivables
Commercial insurance loans	14,797		6,558		5,628		20,767		2,941,038		2,988,788
Life insurance loans	—		168		4,788		35,046		4,349,597		4,389,599
PCI - life insurance loans ⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		—		165,770		165,770
Consumer and other, including PCI	326		280		47		350		119,801		120,804
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	110,612	$	15,251	$	19,181	$	176,162	$	23,893,423	$	24,214,629



Aging as a % of Loan Balance: As of March 31, 2019	Nonaccrual		90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due		Current		Total Loans
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	0.7	%	—	%	—	%	0.7	%	98.6	%	100.0	%
Franchise	1.8		—		—		0.1		98.1		100.0
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit	—		—		—		—		100.0		100.0
Asset-based lending	0.1		—		—		0.8		99.1		100.0
Leases	—		—		—		0.4		99.6		100.0
PCI - commercial ⁽¹⁾	—		9.9		—		1.8		88.3		100.0
Total commercial	0.7		—		—		0.6		98.7		100.0
Commercial real estate
Construction	0.1		—		0.1		0.5		99.3		100.0
Land	—		—		—		2.6		97.4		100.0
Office	0.5		—		—		0.4		99.1		100.0
Industrial	—		—		0.1		1.1		98.8		100.0
Retail	0.9		—		—		0.9		98.2		100.0
Multi-family	—		—		—		0.1		99.9		100.0
Mixed use and other	0.1		—		0.1		0.9		98.9		100.0
PCI - commercial real estate ⁽¹⁾	—		3.9		2.5		6.4		87.2		100.0
Total commercial real estate	0.2		0.1		0.1		0.8		98.8		100.0
Home equity	1.5		—		0.2		0.8		97.5		100.0
Residential real estate, including PCI	1.5		0.1		—		1.1		97.3		100.0
Premium finance receivables
Commercial insurance loans	0.5		0.2		0.2		0.7		98.4		100.0
Life insurance loans	—		—		0.1		0.8		99.1		100.0
PCI - life insurance loans ⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		—		100.0		100.0
Consumer and other, including PCI	0.3		0.2		—		0.3		99.2		100.0
Total loans, net of unearned income	0.5	%	0.1	%	0.1	%	0.7	%	98.6	%	100.0	%

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	Nonaccrual		90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due		Current		Total Loans
As of December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)
Loan Balances:
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	34,298	—		1,451		21,618		5,062,729		5,120,096
Franchise	16,051		—		—		8,738		924,190		948,979
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit	—		—		—		—		144,199		144,199
Asset-based lending	635		—		200		3,156		1,022,065		1,026,056
Leases	—		—		—		1,250		564,430		565,680
PCI - commercial ⁽¹⁾	—		3,313		—		99		20,116		23,528
Total commercial	50,984		3,313		1,651		34,861		7,737,729		7,828,538
Commercial real estate
Construction	1,554		—		—		9,424		749,846		760,824
Land	107		—		170		107		141,097		141,481
Office	3,629		—		877		5,077		929,739		939,322
Industrial	285		—		—		16,596		885,367		902,248
Retail	10,753		—		1,890		1,729		878,106		892,478
Multi-family	311		—		77		5,575		970,597		976,560
Mixed use and other	2,490		—		1,617		8,983		2,192,105		2,205,195
PCI - commercial real estate ⁽¹⁾	—		6,241		6,195		4,075		98,633		115,144
Total commercial real estate	19,129		6,241		10,826		51,566		6,845,490		6,933,252
Home equity	7,147		—		131		3,105		541,960		552,343
Residential real estate, including PCI	16,383		1,292		1,692		6,171		976,926		1,002,464
Premium finance receivables
Commercial insurance loans	11,335		7,799		11,382		15,085		2,796,058		2,841,659
Life insurance loans	—		—		8,407		24,628		4,340,856		4,373,891
PCI - life insurance loans⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		—		167,903		167,903
Consumer and other, including PCI	348		227		87		733		119,246		120,641
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	105,326	$	18,872	$	34,176	$	136,149	$	23,526,168	$	23,820,691



Aging as a % of Loan Balance: As of December 31, 2018	Nonaccrual		90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due		Current		Total Loans
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	0.7	%	—	%	—	%	0.4	%	98.9	%	100.0	%
Franchise	1.7		—		—		0.9		97.4		100.0
Mortgage warehouse lines of credit	—		—		—		—		100.0		100.0
Asset-based lending	0.1		—		—		0.3		99.6		100.0
Leases	—		—		—		0.2		99.8		100.0
PCI - commercial ⁽¹⁾	—		14.1		—		0.4		85.5		100.0
Total commercial	0.7		—		—		0.4		98.9		100.0
Commercial real estate
Construction	0.2		—		—		1.2		98.6		100.0
Land	0.1		—		0.1		0.1		99.7		100.0
Office	0.4		—		0.1		0.5		99.0		100.0
Industrial	—		—		—		1.8		98.1		100.0
Retail	1.2		—		0.2		0.2		98.4		100.0
Multi-family	—		—		—		0.6		99.4		100.0
Mixed use and other	0.1		—		0.1		0.4		99.4		100.0
PCI - commercial real estate ⁽¹⁾	—		5.4		5.4		3.5		85.7		100.0
Total commercial real estate	0.3		0.1		0.2		0.7		98.7		100.0
Home equity	1.3		—		—		0.6		98.1		100.0
Residential real estate, including PCI	1.6		0.1		0.2		0.6		97.5		100.0
Premium finance receivables
Commercial insurance loans	0.4		0.3		0.4		0.5		98.4		100.0
Life insurance loans	—		—		0.2		0.5		99.3		100.0
PCI - life insurance loans ⁽¹⁾	—		—		—		—		100.0		100.0
Consumer and other, including PCI	0.3		0.2		0.1		0.6		98.8		100.0
Total loans, net of unearned income	0.4	%	0.1	%	0.1	%	0.6	%	98.8	%	100.0	%


(1)	PCI loans represent loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination, in accordance with ASC 310-30. Loan agings are based upon contractually required payments.

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As of March 31, 2019, $19.2 million of all loans or 0.1%, were 60 to 89 days past due and $176.2 million of all loans or 0.7%, were 30 to 59 days (or one payment) past due. As of December 31, 2018, $34.2 million of all loans or 0.1%, were 60 to 89 days past due and $136.1 million, or 0.6%, were 30 to 59 days (or one payment) past due. Many of the commercial and commercial real estate loans shown as 60 to 89 days and 30 to 59 days past due are included on the Company’s internal problem loan reporting system. Loans on this system are closely monitored by management on a monthly basis.

The Company's home equity and residential loan portfolios continue to exhibit low delinquency ratios. Home equity loans at March 31, 2019 that were current with regard to the contractual terms of the loan agreement represent 97.5% of the total home equity portfolio. Residential real estate loans at March 31, 2019 that were current with regards to the contractual terms of the loan agreements comprise 97.3% of total residential real estate loans outstanding.

Non-performing Loans Rollforward

The table below presents a summary of non-performing loans, and PCI loans, for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,			March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2019			2018
Balance at beginning of period	$	113,234		$	90,162
Additions, net	24,030			6,608
Return to performing status	(14,077		)	(3,753		)
Payments received	(4,024		)	(2,569		)
Transfer to OREO and other repossessed assets	(82		)	(1,981		)
Charge-offs	(3,992		)	(3,555		)
Net change for niche loans ⁽¹⁾	2,497			4,778
Balance at end of period	$	117,586		$	89,690


(1)	This includes activity for premium finance receivables and indirect consumer loans.

PCI loans are excluded from non-performing loans as they continue to earn interest income from the related accretable yield, independent of performance with contractual terms of the loan. See Note 7 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 for further discussion of non-performing loans and the loan aging during the respective periods.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of the probable and reasonably estimable loan losses that are inherent in the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is determined quarterly using a methodology that incorporates important risk characteristics of each loan, as described below under “How We Determine the Allowance for Credit Losses” in this Item 2. This process is subject to review at each of our bank subsidiaries by the applicable regulatory authority, including the FRB of Chicago, the OCC, the State of Illinois and the State of Wisconsin.

Management determined that the allowance for loan losses was appropriate at March 31, 2019, and that the loan portfolio is well diversified and well secured, without undue concentration in any specific risk area. While this process involves a high degree of management judgment, the allowance for credit losses is based on a comprehensive, well documented, and consistently applied analysis of the Company’s loan portfolio. This analysis takes into consideration all available information existing as of the financial statement date, including environmental factors such as economic, industry, geographical and political factors. The relative level of allowance for credit losses is reviewed and compared to industry peers. This review encompasses levels of total non-performing loans, portfolio mix, portfolio concentrations, current geographic risks and overall levels of net charge-offs. Historical trending of both the Company’s results and the industry peers is also reviewed to analyze comparative significance.

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Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table summarizes the activity in our allowance for credit losses during the periods indicated.



	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$	152,770		$	137,905
Provision for credit losses	10,624			8,346
Other adjustments	(27		)	(40		)
Reclassification to allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments	(16		)	26
Charge-offs:
Commercial	503			2,687
Commercial real estate	3,734			813
Home equity	88			357
Residential real estate	3			571
Premium finance receivables—commercial	2,210			4,721
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	—			—
Consumer and other	102			129
Total charge-offs	6,640			9,278
Recoveries:
Commercial	318			262
Commercial real estate	480			1,687
Home equity	62			123
Residential real estate	29			40
Premium finance receivables—commercial	556			385
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	—			—
Consumer and other	56			47
Total recoveries	1,501			2,544
Net charge-offs	(5,139		)	(6,734		)
Allowance for loan losses at period end	$	158,212		$	139,503
Allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments at period end	1,410			1,243
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	159,622		$	140,746
Annualized net charge-offs by category as a percentage of its own respective category’s average:
Commercial	0.01		%	0.14		%
Commercial real estate	0.19			(0.05		)
Home equity	0.02			0.15
Residential real estate	(0.01		)	0.26
Premium finance receivables—commercial	0.23			0.68
Premium finance receivables—life insurance	0.00			0.00
Consumer and other	0.16			0.26
Total loans, net of unearned income	0.09		%	0.13		%
Net charge-offs as a percentage of the provision for credit losses	48.37		%	80.69		%
Loans at period-end	$	24,214,629		$	22,062,134
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans at period end	0.65		%	0.63		%
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of loans at period end	0.66		%	0.64		%

The allowance for credit losses, is comprised of an allowance for loan losses, which is determined with respect to loans that we have originated, and an allowance for lending-related commitments. Our allowance for lending-related commitments is determined with respect to funds that we have committed to lend but for which funds have not yet been disbursed and is computed using a methodology similar to that used to determine the allowance for loan losses. The allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments totaled $1.4 million and $1.2 million as of March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively.

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Additions to the allowance for loan losses are charged to earnings through the provision for credit losses. Charge-offs represent the amount of loans that have been determined to be uncollectible during a given period, and are deducted from the allowance for loan losses, and recoveries represent the amount of collections received from loans that had previously been charged off, and are credited to the allowance for loan losses. See Note 7 of the Consolidated Financial Statements presented under Item 1 of this report for further discussion of activity within the allowance for loan losses during the period and the relationship with respective loan balances for each loan category and the total loan portfolio.

How We Determine the Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for loan losses includes an element for estimated probable but undetected losses and for imprecision in the credit risk models used to calculate the allowance. If the loan is impaired, the Company analyzes the loan for purposes of calculating our specific impairment reserves as part of the Problem Loan Reporting system review. A general reserve is separately determined for loans not considered impaired. See Note 7 of the Consolidated Financial Statements presented under Item 1 of this report for further discussion of the specific impairment reserve and general reserve as it relates to the allowance for credit losses for each loan category and the total loan portfolio, excluding covered loans.

Specific Impairment Reserves:

Loans with a credit risk rating of a 6 through 9 are reviewed on a monthly basis to determine if (a) an amount is deemed uncollectible (a charge-off) or (b) it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan (impaired loan). If a loan is impaired, the carrying amount of the loan is compared to the expected payments to be received, discounted at the loan’s original rate, or for collateral dependent loans, to the fair value of the collateral less the estimated cost to sell. Any shortfall is recorded as a specific impairment reserve.

At March 31, 2019, the Company had $144.1 million of impaired loans with $72.5 million of this balance requiring $13.6 million of specific impairment reserves. At December 31, 2018, the Company had $127.3 million of impaired loans with $60.2 million of this balance requiring $11.4 million of specific impairment reserves. The most significant fluctuations in the recorded investment of impaired loans with specific impairment from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019 occurred within the commercial, industrial and other portfolios. The recorded investment and specific impairment reserves in this portfolio increased by $16.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively, which was primarily the result of one relationship totaling $18 million becoming impaired and requiring $1.1 million of specific impairment reserve during the first quarter of 2019. See Note 7 of the Consolidated Financial Statements presented under Item 1 of this report for further discussion of impaired loans and the related specific impairment reserve.

General Reserves:

For loans with a credit risk rating of 1 through 7 that are not considered impaired loans, reserves are established based on the type of loan collateral, if any, and the assigned credit risk rating. Determination of the allowance is inherently subjective as it requires significant estimates, including the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows on impaired loans, estimated losses on pools of homogeneous loans based on the average historical loss experience over a six-year period, and consideration of current environmental factors and economic trends, all of which may be susceptible to significant change.

We determine this component of the allowance for loan losses by classifying each loan into (i) categories based on the type of collateral that secures the loan (if any), and (ii) one of ten categories based on the credit risk rating of the loan, as described above under “Past Due Loans and Non-Performing Assets” in this Item 2. Each combination of collateral and credit risk rating is then assigned a specific loss factor that incorporates the following factors:


•	historical loss experience;


•	changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses;


•	changes in national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectibility of the portfolio;


•	changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and in the terms of the loans;


•	changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff;

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•	changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of non-accrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans;


•	changes in the quality of the bank’s loan review system;


•	changes in the underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans;


•	the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations; and


•	the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the bank’s existing portfolio.

In 2018, the Company modified its historical loss experience analysis by incorporating eight-year average loss rate assumptions for its historical loss experience to capture an extended credit cycle. The current eight-year average loss rate assumption analysis is computed for each of the Company’s collateral codes. The historical loss experience is combined with the specific loss factor for each combination of collateral and credit risk rating which is then applied to each individual loan balance to determine an appropriate general reserve. The historical loss rates are updated on a quarterly basis and are driven by the performance of the portfolio and any changes to the specific loss factors are driven by management judgment and analysis of the factors described above. The Company also analyzes the three-, four-, five-, six- and seven-year average historical loss rates on a quarterly basis as a comparison.

Home Equity and Residential Real Estate Loans:

The determination of the appropriate allowance for loan losses for residential real estate and home equity loans differs slightly from the process used for commercial and commercial real estate loans. The same credit risk rating system, Problem Loan Reporting system, collateral coding methodology and loss factor assignment are used. The only significant difference is in how the credit risk ratings are assigned to these loans.

The home equity loan portfolio is reviewed on a loan by loan basis by analyzing current FICO scores of the borrowers, line availability, recent line usage, an approaching maturity and the aging status of the loan. Certain of these factors, or combination of these factors, may cause a portion of the credit risk ratings of home equity loans across all banks to be downgraded. Similar to commercial and commercial real estate loans, once a home equity loan’s credit risk rating is downgraded to a 6 through 9, the Company’s Managed Asset Division reviews and advises the subsidiary banks as to collateral valuations and as to the ultimate resolution of the credits that deteriorate to a non-accrual status to minimize losses.

Residential real estate loans that are downgraded to a credit risk rating of 6 through 9 also enter the problem loan reporting system and have the underlying collateral evaluated by the Managed Assets Division.

Premium Finance Receivables:

The determination of the appropriate allowance for loan losses for premium finance receivables is based on the assigned credit risk rating of loans in the portfolio. Loss factors are assigned to each risk rating in order to calculate an allowance for credit losses. The allowance for loan losses for these categories is entirely a general reserve.

Methodology in Assessing Impairment and Charge-off Amounts

In determining the amount of impairment or charge-offs associated with collateral dependent loans, the Company values the loan generally by starting with a valuation obtained from an appraisal of the underlying collateral and then deducting estimated selling costs to arrive at a net appraised value. We obtain the appraisals of the underlying collateral typically on an annual basis from one of a pre-approved list of independent, third party appraisal firms. Types of appraisal valuations include “as-is,” “as-complete,” “as-stabilized,” bulk, fair market, liquidation and “retail sellout” values.

In many cases, the Company simultaneously values the underlying collateral by marketing the property to market participants interested in purchasing properties of the same type. If the Company receives offers or indications of interest, we will analyze the price and review market conditions to assess whether in light of such information the appraised value overstates the likely price and that a lower price would be a better assessment of the market value of the property and would enable us to liquidate the collateral. Additionally, the Company takes into account the strength of any guarantees and the ability of the borrower to provide value related to those guarantees in determining the ultimate charge-off or reserve associated with any impaired loans. Accordingly, the Company may charge-off a loan to a value below the net appraised value if it believes that an expeditious liquidation is desirable

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in the circumstance and it has legitimate offers or other indications of interest to support a value that is less than the net appraised value. Alternatively, the Company may carry a loan at a value that is in excess of the appraised value if the Company has a guarantee from a borrower that the Company believes has realizable value. In evaluating the strength of any guarantee, the Company evaluates the financial wherewithal of the guarantor, the guarantor’s reputation, and the guarantor’s willingness and desire to work with the Company. The Company then conducts a review of the strength of a guarantee on a frequency established as the circumstances and conditions of the borrower warrant.

In circumstances where the Company has received an appraisal but has no third party offers or indications of interest, the Company may enlist the input of realtors in the local market as to the highest valuation that the realtor believes would result in a liquidation of the property given a reasonable marketing period of approximately 90 days. To the extent that the realtors’ indication of market clearing price under such scenario is less than the net appraised valuation, the Company may take a charge-off on the loan to a valuation that is less than the net appraised valuation.

The Company may also charge-off a loan below the net appraised valuation if the Company holds a junior mortgage position in a piece of collateral whereby the risk to acquiring control of the property through the purchase of the senior mortgage position is deemed to potentially increase the risk of loss upon liquidation due to the amount of time to ultimately market the property and the volatile market conditions. In such cases, the Company may abandon its junior mortgage and charge-off the loan balance in full.

In other cases, the Company may allow the borrower to conduct a “short sale,” which is a sale where the Company allows the borrower to sell the property at a value less than the amount of the loan. Many times, it is possible for the current owner to receive a better price than if the property is marketed by a financial institution which the market place perceives to have a greater desire to liquidate the property at a lower price. To the extent that we allow a short sale at a price below the value indicated by an appraisal, we may take a charge-off beyond the value that an appraisal would have indicated.

Other market conditions may require a reserve to bring the carrying value of the loan below the net appraised valuation such as litigation surrounding the borrower and/or property securing our loan or other market conditions impacting the value of the collateral.

Having determined the net value based on the factors such as those noted above and compared that value to the book value of the loan, the Company arrives at a charge-off amount or a specific reserve included in the allowance for loan losses. In summary, for collateral dependent loans, appraisals are used as the fair value starting point in the estimate of net value. Estimated costs to sell are deducted from the appraised value to arrive at the net appraised value. Although an external appraisal is the primary source of valuation utilized for charge-offs on collateral dependent loans, alternative sources of valuation may become available between appraisal dates. As a result, we may utilize values obtained through these alternating sources, which include purchase and sale agreements, legitimate indications of interest, negotiated short sales, realtor price opinions, sale of the note or support from guarantors, as the basis for charge-offs. These alternative sources of value are used only if deemed to be more representative of value based on updated information regarding collateral resolution. In addition, if an appraisal is not deemed current, a discount to appraised value may be utilized. Any adjustments from appraised value to net value are detailed and justified in an impairment analysis, which is reviewed and approved by the Company’s Managed Assets Division.

TDRs

At March 31, 2019, the Company had $88.4 million in loans modified in TDRs. The $88.4 million in TDRs represents 163 credits in which economic concessions were granted to certain borrowers to better align the terms of their loans with their current ability to pay. The balance increased from $66.1 million representing 134 credits at December 31, 2018 and increased from $47.7 million representing 85 credits at March 31, 2018.

Concessions were granted on a case-by-case basis working with these borrowers to find modified terms that would assist them in retaining their businesses or their homes and attempt to keep these loans in an accruing status for the Company. Typical concessions include reduction of the interest rate on the loan to a rate considered lower than market and other modification of terms including forgiveness of a portion of the loan balance, extension of the maturity date, and/or modifications from principal and interest payments to interest-only payments for a certain period. See Note 7 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report for further discussion regarding the effectiveness of these modifications in keeping the modified loans current based upon contractual terms.

Subsequent to its restructuring, any TDR that becomes nonaccrual or more than 90 days past-due and still accruing interest will be included in the Company’s non-performing loans. Each TDR was reviewed for impairment at March 31, 2019 and approximately $6.7 million of impairment was present and appropriately reserved for through the Company’s normal reserving methodology in

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the Company’s allowance for loan losses. Additionally, at March 31, 2019, the Company was committed to lend an additional $34,000 of funds to borrowers under the contractual terms of TDRs.

The table below presents a summary of restructured loans for the respective periods, presented by loan category and accrual status:



	March 31,		December 31,		March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2019		2018		2018
Accruing TDRs:
Commercial	$	19,650	$	8,545	$	19,803
Commercial real estate	14,123		13,895		16,087
Residential real estate and other	14,532		10,841		3,672
Total accruing TDRs	$	48,305	$	33,281	$	39,562
Non-accrual TDRs: ⁽¹⁾
Commercial	$	34,390	$	27,774	$	1,741
Commercial real estate	1,517		1,552		1,304
Residential real estate and other	4,150		3,495		5,069
Total non-accrual TDRs	$	40,057	$	32,821	$	8,114
Total TDRs:
Commercial	$	54,040	$	36,319	$	21,544
Commercial real estate	15,640		15,447		17,391
Residential real estate and other	18,682		14,336		8,741
Total TDRs	$	88,362	$	66,102	$	47,676


(1)	Included in total non-performing loans.

TDR Rollforward

The tables below present a summary of TDRs as of March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, and shows the changes in the balance during those periods:



Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands)	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate			Residential Real Estate and Other			Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	36,319		$	15,447		$	14,336		$	66,102
Additions during the period	18,930			302			4,486			23,718
Reductions:
Charge-offs	—			—			—			—
Transferred to OREO and other repossessed assets	—			—			—			—
Removal of TDR loan status ⁽¹⁾	—			—			—			—
Payments received	(1,209		)	(109		)	(140		)	(1,458		)
Balance at period end	$	54,040		$	15,640		$	18,682		$	88,362


(1)	Loan was previously classified as a TDR and subsequently performed in compliance with the loan's modified terms for a period of six months (including over a calendar year-end) at a modified interest rate which represented a market rate at the time of restructuring. Per our TDR policy, the TDR classification is removed.

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 (Dollars in thousands)	Commercial			Commercial Real Estate			Residential Real Estate and Other			Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	23,917		$	17,500		$	8,369		$	49,786
Additions during the period	96			59			835			990
Reductions:
Charge-offs	(2,208		)	—			(355		)	(2,563		)
Transferred to OREO and other repossessed assets	—			—			—			—
Removal of TDR loan status ⁽¹⁾	—			—			—			—
Payments received	(261		)	(168		)	(108		)	(537		)
Balance at period end	$	21,544		$	17,391		$	8,741		$	47,676


(1)	Loan was previously classified as a TDR and subsequently performed in compliance with the loan's modified terms for a period of six months (including over a calendar year-end) at a modified interest rate which represented a market rate at the time of restructuring. Per our TDR policy, the TDR classification is removed.

Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO")

In certain circumstances, the Company is required to take action against the real estate collateral of specific loans. The Company uses foreclosure only as a last resort for dealing with borrowers experiencing financial hardships. The Company employs extensive contact and restructuring procedures to attempt to find other solutions for our borrowers. The tables below present a summary of other real estate owned, excluding covered other real estate owned, and shows the activity for the respective periods and the balance for each property type:



	Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2018
Balance at beginning of period	$	24,820		$	28,303		$	40,646
Disposal/resolved	(2,758		)	(3,848		)	(3,679		)
Transfers in at fair value, less costs to sell	32			997			1,789
Additions from acquisition	—			160			—
Fair value adjustments	(574		)	(792		)	(2,158		)
Balance at end of period	$	21,520		$	24,820		$	36,598



	Period End
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Residential real estate	$	3,037	$	3,446	$	6,407
Residential real estate development	1,139		1,426		2,229
Commercial real estate	17,344		19,948		27,962
Total	$	21,520	$	24,820	$	36,598

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Deposits

Total deposits at March 31, 2019 were $26.8 billion, an increase of $3.5 billion, or 15%, compared to total deposits at March 31, 2018. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report for a summary of period end deposit balances.

The following table sets forth, by category, the maturity of time certificates of deposit as of March 31, 2019:



Time Certificates of Deposit Maturity/Re-pricing Analysis As of March 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands)	CDARs & Brokered Certificates of Deposit ⁽¹⁾		MaxSafe Certificates of Deposit ⁽¹⁾		Variable Rate Certificates of Deposit ⁽²⁾		Other Fixed Rate Certificates of Deposit ⁽¹⁾		Total Time Certificates of Deposits		Weighted-Average Rate of Maturing Time Certificates of Deposit ⁽³⁾
1-3 months	$	249	$	32,771	$	99,466	$	874,080	$	1,006,566	1.52	%
4-6 months	75,064		30,871		—		701,663		807,598		1.74	%
7-9 months	—		13,019		—		583,211		596,230		1.80	%
10-12 months	—		22,078		—		686,059		708,137		1.98	%
13-18 months	—		7,181		—		909,809		916,990		2.24	%
19-24 months	—		15,942		—		459,659		475,601		2.70	%
24+ months	1,000		9,496		—		829,089		839,585		2.65	%
Total	$	76,313	$	131,358	$	99,466	$	5,043,570	$	5,350,707	2.05	%


(1)	This category of certificates of deposit is shown by contractual maturity date.


(2)	This category includes variable rate certificates of deposit and savings certificates with the majority repricing on at least a monthly basis.


(3)	Weighted-average rate excludes the impact of purchase accounting fair value adjustments.

The following table sets forth, by category, the composition of average deposit balances and the relative percentage of total average deposits for the periods presented:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				March 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent
Non-interest bearing	$	6,444,378	25	%	$	6,542,228	27	%	$	6,639,845	29	%
NOW and interest bearing demand deposits	2,803,338		11		2,671,283		11		2,255,692		10
Wealth management deposits	2,614,035		10		2,289,904		9		2,250,139		10
Money market	5,915,525		23		5,632,268		22		4,520,620		20
Savings	2,715,422		11		2,553,133		10		2,813,772		12
Time certificates of deposit	5,267,796		20		5,381,029		21		4,322,111		19
Total average deposits	$	25,760,494	100	%	$	25,069,845	100	%	$	22,802,179	100	%

Total average deposits for the first quarter of 2019 were $25.8 billion, an increase of $3.0 billion, or 13.0%, from the first quarter of 2018. The increase in average deposits is primarily attributable to the various acquisitions and branch openings along with additional deposits associated with relationships from marketing efforts during 2018.

Wealth management deposits are funds from the brokerage customers of Wintrust Investments, CDEC, trust and asset management customers of the Company and brokerage customers from unaffiliated companies which have been placed into deposit accounts of the banks (“wealth management deposits” in the table above). Wealth Management deposits consist primarily of money market accounts. Consistent with reasonable interest rate risk parameters, these funds have generally been invested in loan production of the banks as well as other investments suitable for banks.

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Brokered Deposits

While the Company obtains a portion of its total deposits through brokered deposits, the Company does so primarily as an asset-liability management tool to assist in the management of interest rate risk, and the Company does not consider brokered deposits to be a vital component of its current liquidity resources. Historically, brokered deposits have represented a small component of the Company’s total deposits outstanding, as set forth in the table below:



	March 31,						December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2019			2018			2018			2017			2016
Total deposits	$	26,804,742		$	23,279,327		$	26,094,678		$	23,183,347		$	21,658,632
Brokered deposits	1,622,842			1,599,455			1,071,562			1,445,306			1,159,475
Brokered deposits as a percentage of total deposits	6.1		%	6.9		%	4.1		%	6.2		%	5.4		%

Brokered deposits include certificates of deposit obtained through deposit brokers, deposits received through the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Program (“CDARS”), and wealth management deposits of brokerage customers from unaffiliated companies which have been placed into deposit accounts of the banks.

Other Funding Sources

Although deposits are the Company’s primary source of funding its interest-earning assets, the Company’s ability to manage the types and terms of deposits is somewhat limited by customer preferences and market competition. As a result, in addition to deposits and the issuance of equity securities and the retention of earnings, the Company uses several other funding sources to support its growth. These sources include short-term borrowings, notes payable, FHLB advances, subordinated debt, secured borrowings and junior subordinated debentures. The Company evaluates the terms and unique characteristics of each source, as well as its asset-liability management position, in determining the use of such funding sources.

The following table sets forth, by category, the composition of the average balances of other funding sources for the quarterly periods presented:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31,		December 31,		March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2019		2018		2018
FHLB advances	$	594,335	$	551,846	$	872,811
Other borrowings:
Notes payable	144,284		149,744		37,389
Short-term borrowings	111,413		31,671		21,547
Secured borrowings	162,367		156,633		155,313
Other	47,507		47,830		48,876
Total other borrowings	$	465,571	$	385,878	$	263,125
Subordinated notes	139,217		139,186		139,094
Junior subordinated debentures	253,566		253,566		253,566
Total other funding sources	$	1,452,689	$	1,330,476	$	1,528,596

FHLB advances provide the banks with access to fixed rate funds which are useful in mitigating interest rate risk and achieving an acceptable interest rate spread on fixed rate loans or securities. Additionally, the banks have the ability to borrow shorter-term, overnight funding from the FHLB for other general purposes. FHLB advances to the banks totaled $576.4 million at March 31, 2019, compared to $426.3 million at December 31, 2018 and $915.0 million at March 31, 2018.

Notes payable balances as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 represent the balances on a $200.0 million loan agreement with unaffiliated banks consisting of a $50.0 million revolving credit facility and a $150.0 million term facility. Both loan facilities are available for corporate purposes such as to provide capital to fund continued growth at existing bank subsidiaries, possible future acquisitions and for other general corporate matters. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had a balance under the term facility of $139.1 million and $144.5 million, respectively. The Company was contractually required to borrow the entire amount of the term facility on September 18, 2018 and all such borrowings must be repaid by September 18, 2023. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 the Company had no outstanding balance on the $50.0 million revolving credit facility.

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In connection with the establishment of the $200.0 million loan agreement, all outstanding notes payable balances under a $150.0 million loan agreement with unaffiliated banks consisting of a $75.0 million revolving credit facility and a $75.0 million term facility were paid in full. This $150.0 million loan agreement was also available for corporate purposes such as to provide capital to fund continued growth at existing bank subsidiaries, possible future acquisitions and for other general corporate matters. At March 31, 2018, the Company had a balance under the term facility of $33.7 million. At March 31, 2018, the Company had no outstanding balance on the $75.0 million revolving credit facility.

Short-term borrowings include securities sold under repurchase agreements and federal funds purchased. These borrowings totaled $16.2 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $50.6 million at December 31, 2018 and $18.0 million at March 31, 2018. Securities sold under repurchase agreements represent sweep accounts for certain customers in connection with master repurchase agreements at the banks. This funding category typically fluctuates based on customer preferences and daily liquidity needs of the banks, their customers and the banks’ operating subsidiaries.

The average balance of secured borrowings primarily represents a third party Canadian transaction ("Canadian Secured Borrowing"). Under the Canadian Secured Borrowing, in December 2014, the Company, through its subsidiary, FIFC Canada, sold an undivided co-ownership interest in all receivables owed to FIFC Canada to an unrelated third party in exchange for a cash payment of approximately C$150 million pursuant to a receivables purchase agreement (“Receivables Purchase Agreement”). The Receivables Purchase Agreement was amended in December 2015, effectively extending the maturity date from December 15, 2015 to December 15, 2017. Additionally, at that time, the unrelated third party paid an additional C$10 million, which increased the total payments to C$160 million. The Receivables Purchase Agreement was again amended in December 2017, effectively extending the maturity date from December 15, 2017 to December 16, 2019. Additionally, in December 2017, the unrelated third party paid an additional C$10 million, which increased the total payments to C$170 million. In June 2018, the unrelated third party paid an additional C$20 million, which increased the total payments to C$190 million. In February 2019, the unrelated third party paid an additional C$20 million, which increased the total payments to C$210 million. These transactions were not considered sales of receivables and, as such, related proceeds received are reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition as a secured borrowing owed to the unrelated third party and translated to the Company’s reporting currency as of the respective date. The translated balance of the Canadian Secured Borrowing under the Receivables Purchase Agreement totaled $157.2 million at March 31, 2019 compared to $139.3 million at December 31, 2018 and $131.7 million at March 31, 2018. At March 31, 2019, the interest rate of the Canadian Secured Borrowing was 2.9398%. The remaining balance within secured borrowings at March 31, 2019 represents other sold interests in certain loans by the Company that were not considered sales and, as such, related proceeds received are reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition as a secured borrowing owed to the various unrelated third parties.

Other borrowings at March 31, 2019 include a fixed-rate promissory note issued by the Company in June 2017 ("Fixed-Rate Promissory Note") related to and secured by two office buildings owned by the Company. At March 31, 2019, the Fixed-Rate Promissory Note had a balance of $47.4 million compared to $47.7 million at December 31, 2018 and $48.7 million at March 31, 2018. Under the Fixed-Rate Promissory Note, the Company makes monthly principal payments and pay interest at a fixed rate of 3.36% until maturity on June 30, 2022.

The Company had $253.6 million of junior subordinated debentures outstanding as of March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018. The amounts reflected on the balance sheet represent the junior subordinated debentures issued to eleven trusts by the Company and equal the amount of the preferred and common securities issued by the trusts. At March 31, 2019, the Company included $245.5 million of the junior subordinated debentures, net of common securities, in Tier 2 regulatory capital.

See Notes 11 and 12 of the Consolidated Financial Statements presented under Item 1 of this report for details of period end balances and other information for these various funding sources.

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Shareholders’ Equity

The following tables reflect various consolidated measures of capital as of the dates presented and the capital guidelines established by the FRB for a bank holding company:



	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		March 31, 2018
Leverage ratio	9.1	%	9.1	%	9.3	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	9.8		9.7		10.0
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	9.3		9.3		9.5
Total capital to risk-weighted assets	11.7		11.6		12.0
Total average equity-to-total average assets⁽¹⁾	10.6		10.6		10.8


(1)	Based on quarterly average balances.



	Minimum Capital Requirements		Well Capitalized
Leverage ratio	4.0	%	5.0	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	6.0		8.0
Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	4.5		6.5
Total capital to risk-weighted assets	8.0		10.0

The Company’s principal sources of funds at the holding company level are dividends from its subsidiaries, borrowings under its loan agreement with unaffiliated banks and proceeds from the issuances of subordinated debt and additional equity. Refer to Notes 11, 12 and 18 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 for further information on these various funding sources. Management is committed to maintaining the Company’s capital levels above the “Well Capitalized” levels established by the FRB for bank holding companies.

The Company’s Board of Directors approves dividends from time to time, however, the ability to declare a dividend is limited by the Company's financial condition, the terms of the Company's Series D preferred stock, the terms of the Company’s Trust Preferred Securities offerings and under certain financial covenants in the Company’s revolving and term facilities. In January 2019 the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per common share. In January, April, July and October of 2018, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.19 per common share.

See Note 18 of the Consolidated Financial Statements presented under Item 1 of this report for details on the Company’s issuance of Series D preferred stock in June 2015. The Company hereby incorporates by reference Note 18 of the Consolidated Financial Statements presented under Item 1 of this report in its entirety.

Announced Acquisitions

On February 20, 2019, the Company announced the signing of a definitive agreement to acquire Rush-Oak Corporation (“ROC”). ROC is the parent company of Oak Bank, which operates one banking location in the Gold Coast neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. As of March 31, 2019, Oak Bank had approximately $201 million in assets, including approximately $141 million in loans, and approximately $163 million in deposits.

LIQUIDITY

Wintrust manages the liquidity position of its banking operations to ensure that sufficient funds are available to meet customers’ needs for loans and deposit withdrawals. The liquidity to meet these demands is provided by maturing assets, liquid assets that can be converted to cash and the ability to attract funds from external sources. Liquid assets refer to money market assets such as Federal funds sold and interest bearing deposits with banks, as well as available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities with readily determinable fair values which are not pledged to secure public funds.

The Company believes that it has sufficient funds and access to funds to meet its working capital and other needs. Please refer to Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation - Interest-Earning Assets, -Deposits, -Other Funding Sources and -Shareholders’ Equity sections of this report for additional information regarding the Company’s liquidity position.

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INFLATION

A banking organization’s assets and liabilities are primarily monetary. Changes in the rate of inflation do not have as great an impact on the financial condition of a bank as do changes in interest rates. Moreover, interest rates do not necessarily change at the same percentage as inflation. Accordingly, changes in inflation are not expected to have a material impact on the Company. An analysis of the Company’s asset and liability structure provides the best indication of how the organization is positioned to respond to changing interest rates. See “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” section of this report for additional information.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws. Forward-looking information can be identified through the use of words such as “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “contemplate,” “possible,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “would” and “could.” Forward-looking statements and information are not historical facts, are premised on many factors and assumptions, and represent only management’s expectations, estimates and projections regarding future events. Similarly, these statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed below and the Risk Factors discussed under Item 1A of the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any of the Company’s subsequent SEC filings. The Company intends such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and is including this statement for purposes of invoking these safe harbor provisions. Such forward-looking statements may be deemed to include, among other things, statements relating to the Company’s future financial performance, the performance of its loan portfolio, the expected amount of future credit reserves and charge-offs, delinquency trends, growth plans, regulatory developments, securities that the Company may offer from time to time, and management’s long-term performance goals, as well as statements relating to the anticipated effects on financial condition and results of operations from expected developments or events, the Company’s business and growth strategies, including future acquisitions of banks, specialty finance or wealth management businesses, internal growth and plans to form additional de novo banks or branch offices. Actual results could differ materially from those addressed in the forward-looking statements as a result of numerous factors, including the following:


•	economic conditions that affect the economy, housing prices, the job market and other factors that may adversely affect the Company’s liquidity and the performance of its loan portfolios, particularly in the markets in which it operates;


•	negative effects suffered by us or our customers resulting from changes in U.S. trade policies;


•	the extent of defaults and losses on the Company’s loan portfolio, which may require further increases in its allowance for credit losses;


•	estimates of fair value of certain of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which could change in value significantly from period to period;


•	the financial success and economic viability of the borrowers of our commercial loans;


•	commercial real estate market conditions in the Chicago metropolitan area and southern Wisconsin;


•	the extent of commercial and consumer delinquencies and declines in real estate values, which may require further increases in the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses;


•	inaccurate assumptions in our analytical and forecasting models used to manage our loan portfolio;


•	changes in the level and volatility of interest rates, the capital markets and other market indices that may affect, among other things, the Company’s liquidity and the value of its assets and liabilities;


•	competitive pressures in the financial services business which may affect the pricing of the Company’s loan and deposit products as well as its services (including wealth management services), which may result in loss of market share and reduced income from deposits, loans, advisory fees and income from other products;


•	failure to identify and complete favorable acquisitions in the future or unexpected difficulties or developments related to the integration of the Company’s recent or future acquisitions;


•	unexpected difficulties and losses related to FDIC-assisted acquisitions;


•	harm to the Company’s reputation;


•	any negative perception of the Company’s financial strength;


•	ability of the Company to raise additional capital on acceptable terms when needed;


•	disruption in capital markets, which may lower fair values for the Company’s investment portfolio;


•	ability of the Company to use technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands and create efficiencies in operations and to manage risks associated therewith;


•	failure or breaches of our security systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties;


•	security breaches, including denial of service attacks, hacking, social engineering attacks, malware intrusion or data corruption attempts and identity theft;


•	adverse effects on our information technology systems resulting from failures, human error or cyberattacks;

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•	adverse effects of failures by our vendors to provide agreed upon services in the manner and at the cost agreed, particularly our information technology vendors;


•	increased costs as a result of protecting our customers from the impact of stolen debit card information;


•	accuracy and completeness of information the Company receives about customers and counterparties to make credit decisions;


•	ability of the Company to attract and retain senior management experienced in the banking and financial services industries;


•	environmental liability risk associated with lending activities;


•	the impact of any claims or legal actions to which the Company is subject, including any effect on our reputation;


•	losses incurred in connection with repurchases and indemnification payments related to mortgages and increases in reserves associated therewith;


•	the loss of customers as a result of technological changes allowing consumers to complete their financial transactions without the use of a bank;


•	the soundness of other financial institutions;


•	the expenses and delayed returns inherent in opening new branches and de novo banks;


•	examinations and challenges by tax authorities, and any unanticipated impact of the Tax Act;


•	changes in accounting standards, rules and interpretations such as the new CECL standard, and the impact on the Company’s financial statements;


•	the ability of the Company to receive dividends from its subsidiaries;


•	uncertainty about the future of LIBOR;


•	a decrease in the Company’s capital ratios, including as a result of declines in the value of its loan portfolios, or otherwise;


•	legislative or regulatory changes, particularly changes in regulation of financial services companies and/or the products and services offered by financial services companies;


•	a lowering of our credit rating;


•	changes in U.S. monetary policy and changes to the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet as a result of the end of its program of quantitative easing or otherwise;


•	restrictions upon our ability to market our products to consumers and limitations on our ability to profitably operate our mortgage business resulting from the Dodd-Frank Act;


•	increased costs of compliance, heightened regulatory capital requirements and other risks associated with changes in regulation and the regulatory environment;


•	the impact of heightened capital requirements;


•	increases in the Company’s FDIC insurance premiums, or the collection of special assessments by the FDIC;


•	delinquencies or fraud with respect to the Company’s premium finance business;


•	credit downgrades among commercial and life insurance providers that could negatively affect the value of collateral securing the Company’s premium finance loans;


•	the Company’s ability to comply with covenants under its credit facility; and


•	fluctuations in the stock market, which may have an adverse impact on the Company’s wealth management business and brokerage operation.

Therefore, there can be no assurances that future actual results will correspond to these forward-looking statements. The reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement made by the Company. Any such statement speaks only as of the date the statement was made or as of such date that may be referenced within the statement. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date of this report. Persons are advised, however, to consult further disclosures management makes on related subjects in its reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and in its press releases.

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ITEM 3

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As an ongoing part of its financial strategy, the Company attempts to manage the impact of fluctuations in market interest rates on net interest income. This effort entails providing a reasonable balance between interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and maintenance of yield. Asset-liability management policies are established and monitored by management in conjunction with the boards of directors of the banks, subject to general oversight by the Risk Management Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. The policies establish guidelines for acceptable limits on the sensitivity of the market value of assets and liabilities to changes in interest rates.

Interest rate risk arises when the maturity or re-pricing periods and interest rate indices of the interest earning assets, interest bearing liabilities, and derivative financial instruments are different. It is the risk that changes in the level of market interest rates will result in disproportionate changes in the value of, and the net earnings generated from, the Company’s interest earning assets, interest bearing liabilities and derivative financial instruments. The Company continuously monitors not only the organization’s current net interest margin, but also the historical trends of these margins. In addition, management attempts to identify potential adverse changes in net interest income in future years as a result of interest rate fluctuations by performing simulation analysis of various interest rate environments. If a potential adverse change in net interest margin and/or net income is identified, management would take appropriate actions with its asset-liability structure to mitigate these potentially adverse situations.

Since the Company’s primary source of interest bearing liabilities is from customer deposits, the Company’s ability to manage the types and terms of such deposits is somewhat limited by customer preferences and local competition in the market areas in which the banks operate. The rates, terms and interest rate indices of the Company’s interest earning assets result primarily from the Company’s strategy of investing in loans and securities that permit the Company to limit its exposure to interest rate risk, together with credit risk, while at the same time achieving an acceptable interest rate spread.

The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk is reviewed on a regular basis by management and the Risk Management Committees of the boards of directors of the banks and the Company. The objective of the review is to measure the effect on net income and to adjust balance sheet and derivative financial instruments to minimize the inherent risk while at the same time maximize net interest income.

The following interest rate scenarios display the percentage change in net interest income over a one-year time horizon assuming increases of 100 and 200 basis points and decreases of 100 basis points. The Static Shock Scenario results incorporate actual cash flows and repricing characteristics for balance sheet instruments following an instantaneous, parallel change in market rates based upon a static (i.e. no growth or constant) balance sheet. Conversely, the Ramp Scenario results incorporate management’s projections of future volume and pricing of each of the product lines following a gradual, parallel change in market rates over twelve months. Actual results may differ from these simulated results due to timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes as well as changes in market conditions and management strategies. The interest rate sensitivity for both the Static Shock and Ramp Scenarios at March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2018 is as follows:



Static Shock Scenarios	+200 Basis Points		+100 Basis Points		-100 Basis Points
March 31, 2019	14.9	%	7.8	%	(8.5	)%
December 31, 2018	15.6	%	7.9	%	(8.6	)%
March 31, 2018	18.8	%	9.7	%	(11.6	)%



Ramp Scenarios	+200 Basis Points		+100 Basis Points		-100 Basis Points
March 31, 2019	6.7	%	3.5	%	(3.3	)%
December 31, 2018	7.4	%	3.8	%	(3.6	)%
March 31, 2018	9.0	%	4.6	%	(4.8	)%

One method utilized by financial institutions, including the Company, to manage interest rate risk is to enter into derivative financial instruments. Derivative financial instruments include interest rate swaps, interest rate caps, floors and collars, futures, forwards, option contracts and other financial instruments with similar characteristics. Additionally, the Company enters into commitments to fund certain mortgage loans (interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future

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delivery of mortgage loans to third party investors. See Note 15 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of this report for further information on the Company’s derivative financial instruments.

During the first three months of 2019 and 2018, the Company entered into certain covered call option transactions related to certain securities held by the Company. The Company uses these option transactions (rather than entering into other derivative interest rate contracts, such as interest rate floors) to economically hedge positions and compensate for net interest margin compression by increasing the total return associated with the related securities through fees generated from these options. Although the revenue received from these options is recorded as non-interest income rather than interest income, the increased return attributable to the related securities from these options contributes to the Company’s overall profitability. The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk may be impacted by these transactions. To mitigate this risk, the Company may acquire fixed rate term debt or use financial derivative instruments. There were no covered call options outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and 2018.

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ITEM 4

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer carried out an evaluation under their supervision, with the participation of other members of management as they deemed appropriate, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as contemplated by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15. Based upon, and as of the date of that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective, in all material respects, in timely alerting them to material information relating to the Company (and its consolidated subsidiaries) required to be included in the periodic reports the Company is required to file and submit to the SEC under the Exchange Act.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f)) during the period that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II —

Item 1: Legal Proceedings

In accordance with applicable accounting principles, the Company establishes an accrued liability for litigation and threatened litigation actions and proceedings when those actions present loss contingencies which are both probable and estimable. In actions for which a loss is reasonably possible in future periods, the Company determines whether it can estimate a loss or range of possible loss. To determine whether a possible loss is estimable, the Company reviews and evaluates its material litigation on an ongoing basis, in conjunction with any outside counsel handling the matter, in light of potentially relevant factual and legal developments. This review may include information learned through the discovery process, rulings on substantive or dispositive motions, and settlement discussions.

On January 15, 2015, Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. (“Lehman Holdings”) sent a demand letter asserting that Wintrust Mortgage must indemnify it for losses arising from loans sold by Wintrust Mortgage to Lehman Brothers Bank, FSB under a Loan Purchase Agreement between Wintrust Mortgage, as successor to SGB Corporation, and Lehman Brothers Bank. The demand was the precursor for triggering the alternative dispute resolution process mandated by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. Lehman Holdings triggered the mandatory alternative dispute resolution process on October 16, 2015. On February 3, 2016, following a ruling by the federal Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit that was adverse to Lehman Holdings on the statute of limitations that is applicable to similar loan purchase claims, Lehman Holdings filed a complaint against Wintrust Mortgage and 150 other entities from which it had purchased loans in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. The mandatory mediation was held on March 16, 2016, but did not result in a consensual resolution of the dispute. The court entered a case management order governing the litigation on November 1, 2016. Lehman Holdings filed an amended complaint against Wintrust Mortgage on December 29, 2016. On March 31, 2017, Wintrust Mortgage moved to dismiss the amended complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction and improper venue or to transfer venue. Argument on the motions to dismiss were heard on June 12, 2018. The motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction was denied on August 14, 2018 and the defendants’ motion to transfer venue denied on October 2, 2018. Wintrust Mortgage has appealed the denial of its motion to dismiss based on improper venue and the denial of its motion to transfer venue.

On October 2, 2018, Lehman Holdings asked the court for permission to amend its complaints against Wintrust Mortgage and the other defendants to add loans allegedly purchased from the defendants and sold to various RMBS trusts. The court granted this request and allowed Lehman Holdings to assert the additional claims against existing defendants as a supplemental complaint. Lehman Holdings filed its supplemental complaint against Wintrust Mortgage on December 4, 2018. Wintrust Mortgage's response to the supplemental complaint is due May 13, 2019. Wintrust Mortgage is currently evaluating whether it has obtained sufficient information to assess the merits of Lehman Holding's additional claims and to estimate the likelihood or amount of any potential liability for the additional claims.

The Company has reserved an amount for the Lehman Holdings action that is immaterial to its results of operations or financial condition. Such litigation and threatened litigation actions necessarily involve substantial uncertainty and it is not possible at this time to predict the ultimate resolution or to determine whether, or to what extent, any loss with respect to these legal proceedings may exceed the amounts reserved by the Company.

On April 9, 2018, JPMorgan Chase & Co. as successor in interest to Bear Stearns and certain related Bear Stearns entities (collectively, “JPMC”) sent a demand letter to Wintrust Mortgage asserting an indemnification claim of approximately $4.6 million. JPMC alleges that it incurred this loss due to its reliance on misrepresentations in the loans Wintrust Mortgage originated, underwrote and sold to JPMC in the years prior to 2009. Wintrust Mortgage disputed JPMC’s allegations. On March 27, 2019, JPMC and Wintrust Mortgage settled the dispute for an immaterial amount.

On October 17, 2018, a former Wintrust Mortgage employee filed a lawsuit against Wintrust Mortgage alleging violation of California wage payment statutes on behalf of herself and all other hourly, non-exempt employees of Wintrust Mortgage in California from October 17, 2014 through the present. Wintrust Mortgage received service of the complaint on November 4, 2018. Wintrust Mortgage's response to the complaint was filed on February 25, 2019. At this time, Wintrust Mortgage lacks sufficient information to assess the merits of the allegations or to estimate either the likelihood or amount of any potential liability.

On October 17, 2018, two individual plaintiffs filed suit against Northbrook Bank and Tamer Moumen on behalf of themselves and a class of approximately 42 investors in a hedge fund run by defendant Moumen, Plaintiffs allege that defendant Moumen ran a fraudulent Ponzi scheme and ran those funds through deposit accounts at Northbrook Bank. They allege the bank was negligent in failing to close the deposit accounts and that it intentionally aided and abetted defendant Moumen in the alleged fraud. They contend that Northbrook Bank is liable for losses in excess of $6 million. Northbrook Bank filed its motion to dismiss the complaint on January 15, 2019, which was granted on March 5, 2019. On April 3, 2019, Plaintiffs filed an amended complaint

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based on similar allegations. Northbrook Bank’s motion to dismiss the amended complaint is due May 17, 2019 and hearing is scheduled for July 2, 2019. Northbrook Bank believes the allegations in the amended complaint to be legally and factually meritless and otherwise lacks sufficient information to estimate the amount of any potential liability.

On August 1, 2018, Wintrust Bank acquired Delaware Place Bank. As part of the acquisition, Wintrust Bank took over litigation of a pending commercial real estate collection matter against Foulds, Inc., the borrower, and Christopher Bradley, the guarantor. Defendants asserted counterclaims alleging Delaware Place Bank breached its contractual and fiduciary duties to the borrower and made certain fraudulent misrepresentations. The counterclaim does not specify the amount of damages sought. Wintrust Bank believes the allegations to be legally and factually meritless and otherwise lacks sufficient information to estimate the amount of any potential liability.

In addition, the Company and its subsidiaries, from time to time, are subject to pending and threatened legal action and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.

Based on information currently available and upon consultation with counsel, management believes that the eventual outcome of any pending or threatened legal actions and proceedings described above, including our ordinary course litigation, will not have a material adverse effect on the operations or financial condition of the Company. However, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these matters, if unfavorable, may be material to the results of operations or financial condition for a particular period.

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Item 1A: Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors set forth under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

No purchases of the Company’s common shares were made by or on behalf of the Company or any “affiliated purchaser” as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, during the three months ended March 31, 2019. There is currently no authorization to repurchase shares of outstanding common stock.

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Item 6: Exhibits:


(a)	Exhibits



31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document (1)

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

(1)

Includes the following financial information included in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Condition, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



		WINTRUST FINANCIAL CORPORATION (Registrant)
Date:	May 9, 2019	/s/ DAVID L. STOEHR
		David L. Stoehr
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)