Woodward, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. 

Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒    Accelerated filer ☐    Non-accelerated filer ☐    Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 20, 2018, 61,519,613 shares of the registrant’s common stock with a par value of $0.001455 per share were outstanding.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.Financial Statements



WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)











See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)





































See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)





See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)











See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

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WOODWARD, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)









See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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WOODWARD, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)



Note 1.  Basis of presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Woodward, Inc. (“Woodward” or the “Company”) as of March 31, 2018 and for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018 and March  31,  2017, included herein, have not been audited by an independent registered public accounting firm.  These Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly Woodward’s financial position as of March 31, 2018, and the statements of earnings, comprehensive earnings, cash flows, and changes in stockholders’ equity for the periods presented herein.  The results of operations for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for other interim periods or for the full fiscal year.  Dollar and share amounts contained in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are in thousands, except per share amounts.

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim reporting.  Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations.

These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in Woodward’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC and other financial information filed with the SEC.

Management is required to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, the reported revenues and expenses recognized during the reporting period, and certain financial statement disclosures, in the preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.  Significant estimates in these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include allowances for uncollectible amounts, net realizable value of inventories, customer rebates earned and payable, warranty reserves, useful lives of property and identifiable intangible assets, the evaluation of impairments of property, the provision for income tax and related valuation reserves, assumptions used in the determination of the funded status and annual expense of pension and postretirement employee benefit plans, the valuation of stock compensation instruments granted to employees and board members, and contingencies.  Actual results could vary from Woodward’s estimates.

As disclosed in Note 1, Operations and summary of significant accounting policies in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of Woodward’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, the amortization of intangible assets has been reclassified from a separate line in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2017 to an allocated expense/cost component of cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expenses based on the nature of the intangible asset that is being amortized.  The reclassification of these amounts conforms to the current period presentation.

Note 2.  New accounting standards

From time to time, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standards setting bodies issue new accounting pronouncements.  Updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) are communicated through issuance of an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”).

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05, “Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118.”  ASU 2018-05 formally amended ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) for the guidance previously provided by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (“SAB 118”).  SAB 118 expressed views of the SEC regarding ASC 740 in the reporting period that includes the enactment date of H.R.1, “An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018” (the “Tax Act”) (previously known as “The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”).  The Company adopted SAB 118 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 and therefore, the Company’s subsequent adoption of ASU 2018-05 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 had no impact on its accounting for income taxes in the second quarter or first half of fiscal year 2018.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, “Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.”  ASU 2018-02 allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the enactment of tax reform under the Tax Act and provides guidance on the disclosure requirements regarding the stranded tax effects.  The amendments in ASU 2018-02 are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim

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periods within those fiscal years.  Early adoption is permitted.  The amendments in ASU 2018-02 should be applied retrospectively in the period of adoption to all periods in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Act is recognized.  Woodward is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of the new guidance.  When adopted, if Woodward elects to reclassify under ASU 2018-02, a portion of accumulated other comprehensive earnings would be reclassified to retained earnings.     

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.”  ASU 2017-12 is intended to more closely align the financial statement reporting of hedging relationships with the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities and to make certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of hedge accounting guidance in current U.S. GAAP.  ASU 2017-12 is also intended to increase standardization of financial statement disclosures including requiring a tabular disclosure of the income statement effects of fair value and cash flow hedges.  Woodward early adopted the new guidance in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018.  The application of the new guidance did not have any impact on Woodward’s current hedging arrangements or on the disclosures related to such arrangements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.”  ASU 2017-07 requires that the service cost component of net periodic benefit costs from defined benefit and other postretirement benefit plans be included in the same statement of earnings captions as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the covered employees during the period.  The other components of net benefit cost will be presented in the statement of earnings separately from service costs.  ASU 2017-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2017 (fiscal year 2019 for Woodward).  Following adoption, only service costs will be eligible for capitalization into manufactured inventories, which should reduce diversity in practice.  The amendments of ASU 2017-07 should be applied retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic benefit costs from defined benefit and other postretirement benefit plans in the statement of earnings and prospectively, on and after the effective date, for the capitalization of the service cost component into manufactured inventories.  Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of Woodward’s fiscal year 2018.  Woodward will adopt the new guidance in fiscal year 2019, and expects changes to earnings before income taxes to be insignificant in the year of adoption.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Accounting for Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Asset Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory.”  ASU 2016-16 eliminates the current U.S. GAAP exception deferring the tax effects of intercompany asset transfers (other than inventory) until the transferred asset is sold to a third party or otherwise recovered through use.  After adoption of ASU 2016-16, Woodward will recognize the tax consequences of intercompany asset transfers in the buyer’s and seller’s tax jurisdictions when the transfer occurs, even though the pre-tax effects of these transactions are eliminated in consolidation.  ASU 2016-16 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 (fiscal year 2019 for Woodward), including interim periods within the year of adoption.  Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of Woodward’s fiscal year 2018.  Woodward will adopt the new guidance in fiscal year 2019.  Modified retrospective adoption is required with any cumulative-effect adjustment recorded to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.  Woodward has not determined in which period it will adopt the new guidance.  Woodward currently anticipates the adoption of ASU 2016-16 will result in balance sheet reclassifications, but based on Woodward’s current transactional activity, such adjustments are not expected to be significant.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.”  ASU 2016-13 adds a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) impairment model to U.S. GAAP that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses.  Modified retrospective adoption is required with any cumulative-effect adjustment recorded to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.  ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 (fiscal year 2021 for Woodward), including interim periods within the year of adoption.  Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (fiscal year 2020 for Woodward), including interim periods within those fiscal years.  Woodward has not determined in which period it will adopt the new guidance but does not expect the application of the CECL impairment model to have a significant impact on Woodward’s allowance for uncollectible amounts for accounts receivable and notes receivable from municipalities.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).”  The purpose of ASU 2016-02 is to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements.  In addition, ASU 2016-02 modifies the definition of a lease to clarify that an arrangement contains a lease when such arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset.  ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (fiscal year 2020 for Woodward), including interim periods within the year of adoption.  In transition, Woodward will be required to recognize and measure leases beginning in the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach; therefore, Woodward anticipates restating its Consolidated Financial Statements for the two fiscal years prior to the year of adoption.  However, during December 2017, the FASB proposed amending ASU 2016-02 such that restatement of fiscal years 2018 and 2019 would not be required upon

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adoption.  Although early adoption is permitted, Woodward expects to adopt the new guidance in fiscal year 2020 and is currently assessing the impact this guidance may have on its Consolidated Financial Statements, including which of its existing lease arrangements will be impacted by the new guidance and whether other arrangements not currently classified as leases may become subject to the guidance of ASU 2016-02.  Rent expense for all operating leases in fiscal year 2017, none of which was recognized on the balance sheet, was $8,302.  As of September 30, 2017, future minimum rental payments required under operating leases, none of which were recognized on the balance sheet, were $23,215.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and has subsequently issued several supplemental and/or clarifying ASUs (collectively “ASC 606”).  ASC 606 prescribes a single common revenue standard that replaces most existing U.S. GAAP revenue recognition guidance.  ASC 606 outlines a five-step model, under which Woodward will recognize revenue as performance obligations within a customer contract are satisfied.  ASC 606 is intended to provide more consistent interpretation and application of the principles outlined in the standard across filers in multiple industries and within the same industries compared to current practices, which should improve comparability.  Adoption of ASC 606 is required for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (fiscal year 2019 for Woodward), including interim periods within the reporting period.  Woodward has determined it will elect to adopt using the cumulative effect transition method with the cumulative effect of initial adoption recognized at the date of initial application.  Further, under the cumulative effect transition method, Woodward will disclose the impact of changes to financial statement line items as a result of applying ASC 606 (rather than previous U.S. GAAP) and include an explanation of the reasons for significant changes.

Woodward is currently assessing the impact that the future adoption of ASC 606 may have on its Consolidated Financial Statements by analyzing its current portfolio of customer contracts, including a review of historical accounting policies and practices to identify potential differences in applying the guidance of ASC 606.  Woodward is also performing a comprehensive review of its current processes and systems to determine and implement changes required to support the adoption of ASC 606 on October 1, 2018, the first day of Woodward’s fiscal year 2019.  As part of this review process, Woodward is implementing new software solutions to support revenue reporting after adoption.  

Based on Woodward’s review of its customer contracts, Woodward has determined that revenue on the majority of its customer contracts will continue to be recognized at a point in time, generally upon shipment of products, consistent with Woodward’s current revenue recognition model.  Upon adoption of ASC 606, however, Woodward also believes some of its revenues from sales of products and services to customers will be recognized over time, rather than at a point in time, due primarily to the terms of certain customer contracts.  As a result of recognizing some revenue over time, various balance sheet line items will be impacted.  As such, Woodward believes the adoption of ASC 606 will have an impact on both the timing of revenue recognition and various line items within the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Woodward generally expenses costs as incurred for the engineering and development of new products.  Customer funding received for such engineering and development efforts is currently recognized as revenue when earned, with the corresponding costs recognized as cost of sales. ASC 606 requires customer funding of product engineering and development to be deferred and recognized as revenue as the related products are delivered to the customer.  ASC 606 also requires product engineering and development costs to be capitalized as contract fulfillment costs, to the extent recoverable from the deferred customer funding, and subsequently amortized as the related products are delivered to the customer.  Therefore, under ASC 606, Woodward expects to record both contract assets and contract liabilities related to such funded engineering and development efforts, which are expected to become material over time.  Recognized revenues and research and development costs are both expected to decrease in the year of adoption and for at least several years thereafter, due to the recognition of these contract assets and liabilities.  However, recognition of these contract assets and liabilities are expected to have an immaterial impact on pre-tax earnings in future periods.

In addition, ASC 606 will require more comprehensive disclosures about revenue streams and contracts with customers, including significant judgments required.  Woodward is currently implementing changes to its processes for preparing required disclosures and to information systems that support the financial reporting process. 

Woodward is also evaluating implications to the Company’s system of internal controls, relative to revenue recognition and the related revenue disclosures, which are based on the criteria outlined in the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission’s 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework.

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Note 3.  Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period.

Diluted earnings per share reflects the weighted-average number of shares outstanding after consideration of the dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock.

The following is a reconciliation of net earnings to basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share:





The following stock option grants were outstanding during the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, but were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.



The weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share included the weighted-average treasury stock shares held for deferred compensation obligations of the following:





Note 4.  Joint venture

On January 4, 2016, Woodward and General Electric Company (“GE”), acting through its GE Aviation business unit, consummated the formation of a strategic joint venture between Woodward and GE (the “JV”) to design, develop and source fuel systems for specified existing and all future GE commercial aircraft engines that produce thrust in excess of fifty thousand pounds.

As part of the JV formation, Woodward contributed to the JV certain contractual rights and intellectual property applicable to the existing GE commercial aircraft engine programs within the scope of the JV.  Woodward had no initial cost basis in the JV because Woodward had no cost basis in the contractual rights and intellectual property contributed to the JV.  GE purchased from Woodward a 50% ownership interest in the JV for a $250,000 cash payment to Woodward.  In addition, GE will pay contingent consideration to Woodward consisting of fifteen annual payments of $4,894 per year, which began on January 4, 2017, subject to certain claw-back conditions.  During the three-months ended March 31, 2018,  Woodward

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received its second annual payment of $4,894, which was recorded as deferred income and included in Net cash provided by operating activities under the caption “Other” on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.  Neither Woodward nor GE contributed any tangible assets to the JV.

Woodward determined that the JV formation was not the culmination of an earnings event because Woodward has significant performance obligations to support the future operations of the JV.  Therefore, Woodward recorded as deferred income the $250,000 consideration received from GE in January of 2016 for its purchase of a 50% equity interest in the JV.  The $250,000 deferred income will be recognized as an increase to net sales in proportion to revenue realized on sales of applicable fuel systems within the scope of the JV in a particular period as a percentage of total revenue expected to be realized by Woodward over the estimated remaining lives of the underlying commercial aircraft engine programs assigned to the JV.  Unamortized deferred income recorded in connection with the JV formation included accrued liabilities of $6,427 as of March 31, 2018 and $6,451 as of September 30, 2017, and other liabilities of $239,275 as of March 31, 2018 and $236,896 as of September 30, 2017.  Amortization of the deferred income recognized as an increase to sales was $1,486 for the three-months and $2,539 for the six-months ended March 31, 2018, and $1,632 for the three-months and $3,128 for the six-months ended March  31,  2017.  

Woodward and GE jointly manage the JV and any significant decisions and/or actions of the JV require the mutual consent of both parties.  Neither Woodward nor GE has a controlling financial interest in the JV, but both Woodward and GE do have the ability to significantly influence the operating and financial decisions of the JV.  Therefore, Woodward is accounting for its 50% ownership interest in the JV using the equity method of accounting.  The JV is a related party to Woodward.  Other income includes income of $1,006 for the three-months and $1,602 for the six-months ended March 31, 2018, and income of $382 for the three-months and $1,066 for the six-months ended March  31,  2017 related to Woodward’s equity interest in the earnings of the JV.  Woodward received no cash distributions from the JV in the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018, compared to a $2,500 cash distribution from the JV during the three and six-months ended March 31, 2017, which was included in Net cash provided by operating activities under the caption “Other” on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Woodward’s net investment in the JV, which is included in other assets, was $7,874 as of March 31, 2018 and $6,272 as of September 30, 2017.  

Woodward’s net sales include $17,077 for the three-months and $30,052 for the six-months ended March 31, 2018 of sales to the JV, compared to $18,415 for the three-months and $33,717 for the six-months ended March  31,  2017.  Woodward recorded a reduction to sales of $6,922 for the three-months and $12,330 for the six-months ended March 31, 2018 related to royalties paid to the JV by Woodward on sales by Woodward directly to third party aftermarket customers, compared to $5,674 for the three-months and $11,077 for the six-months ended March  31,  2017.  The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets include “Accounts receivable” of $9,755 at March 31, 2018, and $8,554 at September 30, 2017, related to amounts the JV owed Woodward, and include “Accounts payable” of $6,420 at March 31, 2018, and $6,741 at September 30, 2017, related to amounts Woodward owed the JV.

Note 5.  Financial instruments and fair value measurements

Financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are categorized based upon a fair value hierarchy established by U.S. GAAP, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into the following levels:

Level 1: Inputs based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2: Quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable and can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Inputs that reflect management’s best estimates and assumptions of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.  The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the valuation of the instruments.

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The table below presents information about Woodward’s financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques Woodward utilized to determine such fair value.  Woodward had no financial liabilities required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2018 or September 30, 2017.





Investments in reverse repurchase agreements:  Woodward sometimes invests excess cash in reverse repurchase agreements.  Under the terms of Woodward’s reverse repurchase agreements, Woodward purchases an interest in a pool of securities and is granted a security interest in those securities by the counterparty to the reverse repurchase agreement.  At an agreed upon date, generally the next business day, the counterparty repurchases Woodward’s interest in the pool of securities at a price equal to what Woodward paid to the counterparty plus a rate of return determined daily per the terms of the reverse repurchase agreement.  Woodward believes that the investments in these reverse repurchase agreements are with creditworthy financial institutions and that the funds invested are highly liquid.  The investments in reverse repurchase agreements are reported at fair value, with realized gains from interest income recognized in earnings, and are included in “Cash and cash equivalents” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  Since the investments are generally overnight, the carrying value is considered to be equal to the fair value as the amount is deemed to be a cash deposit with no risk of change in value as of the end of each fiscal quarter.

Investments in term deposits with foreign banks: Woodward’s foreign subsidiaries sometimes invest excess cash in various highly liquid financial instruments that Woodward believes are with creditworthy financial institutions.  Such investments are reported in “Cash and cash equivalents” at fair value, with realized gains from interest income recognized in earnings.  The carrying value of Woodward’s investments in term deposits with foreign banks are considered equal to the fair value given the highly liquid nature of the investments.

Equity securities: Woodward holds marketable equity securities, through investments in various mutual funds, related to its deferred compensation program.  Based on Woodward’s intentions regarding these instruments, marketable equity securities are classified as trading securities.  The trading securities are reported at fair value, with realized gains and losses recognized in “Other (income) expense, net” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.  The trading securities are included in “Other assets” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The fair values of Woodward’s trading securities are based on the quoted market prices for the net asset value of the various mutual funds.

Accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term borrowings are not remeasured to fair value, as the carrying cost of each approximates its respective fair value.  The estimated fair values and carrying costs of other financial instruments that are not required to be remeasured at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets were as follows:









In fiscal years 2014 and 2013, Woodward received long-term notes from municipalities within the states of Illinois and Colorado in connection with certain economic incentives related to Woodward’s development of a second campus in the greater-Rockford, Illinois area for its Aerospace segment and Woodward’s development of a new campus at its corporate headquarters in Fort Collins, Colorado.  The fair value of the long-term notes was estimated based on a model that discounted

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future principal and interest payments received at an interest rate available to the Company at the end of the period for similarly rated municipal notes of similar maturity, which is a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  The interest rates used to estimate the fair value of the long-term notes were 2.8% at March 31, 2018 and 2.6% at September 30, 2017.

From time to time, certain of Woodward’s foreign subsidiaries will invest excess cash in short-term time deposits with a fixed maturity date of longer than three months but less than one year from the date of the deposit.  Woodward believes that the investments are with creditworthy financial institutions. The fair value of the investments in short-term time deposits was estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments to be received at an interest rate available to the foreign subsidiary entering into the investment for similar short-term time deposits of similar maturity.  This was determined to be a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  The interest rates used to estimate the fair value of the short-term time deposits was 5.3% at September 30, 2017.  There were no investments in short-term time deposits at March 31, 2018.

The fair value of long-term debt was estimated based on a model that discounted future principal and interest payments at interest rates available to the Company at the end of the period for similar debt of the same maturity, which is a level 2 input as defined by the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy.  The weighted-average interest rates used to estimate the fair value of long-term debt were 2.8% at March 31, 2018 and 2.4% at September 30, 2017.

Note 6.  Derivative instruments and hedging activities

Woodward has exposures related to global market risks, including the effect of changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, changes in certain commodity prices and fluctuations in various producer indices.  From time to time, Woodward enters into derivative instruments for risk management purposes only, including derivatives designated as accounting hedges and/or those utilized as economic hedges.  Woodward uses interest rate related derivative instruments to manage its exposure to fluctuations of interest rates.  Woodward does not enter into or issue derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.

By using derivative and/or hedging instruments to manage its risk exposure, Woodward is subject, from time to time, to credit risk and market risk on those derivative instruments.  Credit risk arises from the potential failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative and/or hedging instrument.  When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes Woodward, which creates credit risk for Woodward.  Woodward mitigates this credit risk by entering into transactions with only counterparties that are believed to be creditworthy.  Market risk arises from the potential adverse effects on the value of derivative and/or hedging instruments that result from a change in interest rates, commodity prices, or foreign currency exchange rates.  Woodward minimizes this market risk by establishing and monitoring parameters that limit the types and degree of market risk that may be undertaken.

Woodward did not enter into any derivatives or hedging transactions during the three or six-months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017.

The remaining unrecognized gains in Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets associated with derivative instruments that were previously entered into by Woodward, which are classified in accumulated other comprehensive (losses) earnings (“accumulated OCI”), were net gains of $182 as of March 31, 2018 and $218 as of September 30, 2017.

The following table discloses the impact of derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships on Woodward’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings, recognized in interest expense:







Based on the carrying value of the realized but unrecognized gains on terminated derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges as of March 31, 2018, Woodward expects to reclassify $72 of net unrecognized gains on terminated derivative instruments from accumulated other comprehensive (losses) earnings to earnings during the next twelve months.

On September 23, 2016, Woodward and Woodward International Holding B.V., a wholly owned subsidiary of Woodward organized under the laws of The Netherlands (the “BV Subsidiary”), each entered into a note purchase agreement

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(the “2016 Note Purchase Agreement”) relating to the sale by Woodward and the BV Subsidiary of an aggregate principal amount of €160,000 of senior unsecured notes in a series of private placement transactions.  Woodward issued €40,000 aggregate principal amount of Woodward’s Series M Senior Notes due September 23, 2026 (the “Series M Notes”).  Woodward designated the Series M Notes as a hedge of a foreign currency exposure of Woodward’s net investment in its Euro denominated functional currency subsidiaries.  On the Series M Notes, included in foreign currency translation adjustments within total comprehensive (losses) earnings are net foreign exchange losses of $1,268 for the three-months and $2,011 for the six-months ended March 31, 2018, compared to net foreign exchange losses of $664 for the three-months and net foreign exchange gains of $2,150 for the six-months ended March 31, 2017.    

In July 2016, Woodward designated an intercompany loan of 160,000 renminbi between two wholly owned subsidiaries as a hedge of a foreign currency exposure of the net investment of the borrower in the lender.  Related to the intercompany loan, unrealized foreign exchange losses of $281 for the three-months and unrealized foreign exchange gains of $735 for the six-months ended March 31, 2017 are included in foreign currency translation adjustments within total comprehensive (losses) earnings.  The intercompany loan was repaid in July 2017.

Note 7.  Supplemental statement of cash flows information



















Note 8.  Accounts receivable

Almost all of Woodward’s sales are made on credit and result in accounts receivable, which are recorded at the amount invoiced and are generally not collateralized.  In the normal course of business, not all accounts receivable are collected and, therefore, an allowance for uncollectible amounts is provided equal to the amount that Woodward believes ultimately will not be collected.  In establishing the amount of the allowance related to the credit risk of accounts receivable, customer-specific information is considered related to delinquent accounts, past loss experience, bankruptcy filings, deterioration in the customer’s operating results or financial position, and current economic conditions.  Accounts receivable losses are deducted from the allowance, and the related accounts receivable balances are written off when the receivables are deemed uncollectible.  Recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off are recognized when received.  In addition, an allowance associated with anticipated future sales returns is also established and is included in the allowance for uncollectible amounts.

Consistent with common business practice in China, Woodward’s Chinese subsidiary accepts from Chinese customers, in settlement of certain customer accounts receivable, bankers’ acceptance notes issued by Chinese banks that are believed to be creditworthy.  Bankers’ acceptance notes are financial instruments issued by Chinese financial institutions as part of financing arrangements between the financial institution and a customer of the financial institution.  Bankers’ acceptance notes represent a commitment by the issuing financial institution to pay a certain amount of money at a specified future maturity date to the legal owner of the bankers’ acceptance note as of the maturity date.  The maturity date of bankers’ acceptance notes varies, but it is Woodward’s policy to only accept bankers’ acceptance notes with maturity dates no more than 180 days from the date of Woodward’s receipt of such draft.  The issuing financial institution is the obligor, not Woodward’s customers.  Upon Woodward’s acceptance of a banker’s acceptance note from a customer, such customer has no further obligation to pay Woodward for the related accounts receivable balance.  Woodward only accepts bankers’ acceptance notes issued by banks that are believed to be creditworthy and to which the credit risks associated with the bankers’ acceptance notes are believed to be minimal.

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The composition of Woodward’s accounts receivable at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017 follows:

















Note 9.  Inventories



 

Note 10.  Property, plant, and equipment









In the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company announced its decision to relocate its Duarte, California operations to the Company’s newly renovated Drake Campus in Fort Collins, Colorado.  Included in “Land and land improvements” and “Buildings and improvements” are assets held for use of $7,604 at March 31, 2018, which relate to the land, building and building improvements at the Duarte facility.  The assets held for use are included in the Company’s Aerospace segment.  The Company had no assets held for use recorded as of September 30, 2017.  The Company has not yet determined which of the remaining assets at the Duarte facility, consisting mainly of machinery and equipment, will be sold or relocated to the renovated Drake Campus and therefore, has continued to depreciate these assets until a determination is made.  The carrying value of the remaining assets at the Duarte facility was approximately $13,200 as of March 31, 2018.

The Company assessed whether the decision to relocate from its Duarte facility could indicate a potential impairment of the assets at the Duarte facility and concluded that the assets were not impaired as of March 31, 2018.

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Included in “Office furniture and equipment” and “Other” is $1,653 at each of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, of gross assets acquired on capital leases, and accumulated depreciation included $948 at March 31, 2018 and $739 at September 30, 2017 of amortization associated with the capital lease assets.

In fiscal year 2015, Woodward completed and placed into service a manufacturing and office building on a second campus in the greater-Rockford, Illinois area and has occupied the new facility for its Aerospace segment.  This campus is intended to support Woodward’s expected growth in its Aerospace segment as a result of Woodward being awarded a substantial number of new system platforms, particularly on narrow-body aircraft. 

Included in “Construction in progress” are costs of $40,792 at March 31, 2018 and $49,347 at September 30, 2017 associated with new equipment purchases for the greater-Rockford campus and costs of $29,644 at March 31, 2018 and $15,584 at September 30, 2017 associated with the renovation of the Drake Campus. 

For the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, Woodward had depreciation expense as follows:





For the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, Woodward capitalized interest that would have otherwise been included in interest expense of the following:









Note 11.  Goodwill





Woodward tests goodwill for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or at any time there is an indication goodwill is more-likely-than-not impaired, commonly referred to as triggering events.  There have been no such triggering events during any of the periods presented and Woodward’s fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017 impairment test resulted in no impairment.

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Note 12.  Intangible assets, net





For the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, Woodward recorded amortization expense associated with intangibles of the following:





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Future amortization expense associated with intangibles is expected to be:

























Note 13.  Credit facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt

Revolving credit facility

Woodward maintains a $1,000,000 revolving credit facility established under a revolving credit agreement among Woodward, a syndicate of lenders and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent (the “Revolving Credit Agreement”).  The Revolving Credit Agreement provides for the option to increase available borrowings to up to $1,200,000, subject to lenders’ participation.  Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement can be made by Woodward and certain of its foreign subsidiaries in U.S dollars or in foreign currencies other than the U.S. dollar and generally bear interest at LIBOR plus 0.85% to 1.65%.  The Revolving Credit Agreement matures in April 2020.  Under the Revolving Credit Agreement, there were $41,930 in principal amount of borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2018, at an effective interest rate of 3.28%, and $32,600 in principal amount of borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2017, at an effective interest rate of 2.29%.  As of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, all of the borrowings under the Revolving Credit Agreement were classified as short-term based on Woodward’s intent and ability to pay this amount in the next twelve months. 

Short-term borrowings

Woodward has other foreign lines of credit and foreign overdraft facilities at various financial institutions, which are generally reviewed annually for renewal and are subject to the usual terms and conditions applied by the financial institutions.  Pursuant to the terms of the related facility agreements, Woodward’s foreign performance guarantee facilities are limited in use to providing performance guarantees to third parties.  There were no borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017 on Woodward’s foreign lines of credit and foreign overdraft facilities.

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Long-term debt



The Notes

In October 2008, Woodward entered into a note purchase agreement relating to the Series D Notes.  The Series D Notes mature and are payable in October 2018.    As of March 31, 2018, the entire amount of debt under the Series D Notes has been classified as long-term based on Woodward’s intent and ability to refinance this debt using cash proceeds from its existing revolving credit facility which, in turn, is expected to be repaid beyond the next twelve months. 

In April 2009, Woodward entered into a note purchase agreement relating to the Series F Notes. 

On October 1, 2013, Woodward entered into a note purchase agreement relating to the sale by Woodward of an aggregate principal amount of $250,000 of its senior unsecured notes in a series of private placement transactions.  Woodward issued the Series G, H and I Notes (the “First Closing Notes”) on October 1, 2013.  Woodward issued the Series J, K and L Notes (the “Second Closing Notes,” and together with the Series D Notes, the Series F Notes and the First Closing Notes, the “USD Notes”) on November 15, 2013.  

On September 23, 2016, Woodward and the BV Subsidiary each entered into note purchase agreements relating to the sale by Woodward and the BV Subsidiary of an aggregate principal amount of €160,000 of senior unsecured notes in a series of private placement transactions.  Woodward issued €40,000 Series M Notes.  The BV Subsidiary issued (a) €77,000 aggregate principal amount of the BV Subsidiary’s Series N Senior Notes (the “Series N Notes”) and (b) €43,000 aggregate principal amount of the BV Subsidiary’s Series O Senior Notes (the “Series O Notes” and together with the Series M Notes and the Series N Notes, the “2016 Notes,” and, together with the USD Notes, collectively, the “Notes”).

Interest on the Series D Notes, the First Closing Notes, and the Series K and L Notes is payable semi-annually on April 1 and October 1 of each year until all principal is paid.  Interest on the Series F Notes is payable semi-annually on April 15 and October 15 of each year until all principal is paid.  Interest on the 2016 Notes is payable semi-annually on March 23 and September 23 of each year, until all principal is paid.  Interest on the Series J Notes is payable quarterly on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1 of each year until all principal is paid.  As of March 31, 2018, the Series J Notes bore interest at an effective rate of 3.12%.

Debt Issuance Costs

Unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the Notes of $1,654 as of March 31, 2018 and $1,794 as of September 30, 2017 were recorded as a reduction in “Long-term debt, less current portion” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  Unamortized debt issuance costs of $1,822 associated with the Revolving Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2018 and $2,259 as of September 30, 2017 were recorded as “Other assets” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  Amortization of debt issuance costs is included in operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

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Note 14.  Accrued liabilities









Warranties

Provisions of Woodward’s sales agreements include product warranties customary to these types of agreements.  Accruals are established for specifically identified warranty issues that are probable to result in future costs.  Warranty costs are accrued on a non-specific basis whenever past experience indicates a normal and predictable pattern exists.  Changes in accrued product warranties were as follows:











Loss reserve on contractual lease commitments

In connection with the construction of a new production facility in Niles, Illinois, Woodward vacated a leased facility in Skokie, Illinois and recognized a loss reserve against the estimated remaining contractual lease commitments, less anticipated sublease income.  Changes in the loss reserve were as follows:





Other liabilities included $3,233 and $3,927 of accrued loss reserve on contractual lease commitments as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, which are not expected to be settled or paid within twelve months of the respective balance sheet date.

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Restructuring charges

In the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded restructuring charges totaling $17,013, the majority of which relate to the Company’s decision to relocate its Duarte, California operations to the Company’s newly renovated Drake Campus in Fort Collins, Colorado.  The Duarte facility, which manufactures thrust reverser actuation systems, is part of the Company’s Aerospace segment.  Included in the $17,013 of restructuring charges for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018, is $12,504 of workforce management costs associated with the transfer of the business from Duarte to Fort Collins. The remaining restructuring charges recognized in the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018 is $4,509 of workforce management costs related to aligning the Company’s industrial turbomachinery business, which is part of the Company’s Industrial segment, with current market conditions.  All of the restructuring charges recorded in the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2018 were recorded as nonsegment expenses.  All of the restructuring charges recorded as of March 31, 2018 are expected to be paid within one year of the balance sheet date.

In addition to the restructuring charges recognized in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018,  the Company anticipates incurring additional costs associated with the Duarte relocation such as expenses associated with equipment relocation, employee training, accelerated depreciation, and increased labor expenses over the coming year.  The Company anticipates these additional expenses will vary by quarter, but are expected to be approximately $12,000 in total.  Although the Company plans to sell the Duarte facility’s land, building and building improvements, it is currently still occupying the Duarte facility and has recorded these as assets held for use as of March 31, 2018 (see Note 10, Property, plant and equipment). 

Note 15.  Other liabilities











Note 16.  Other (income) expense, net 









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Note 17.  Income taxes

On December 22, 2017, the United States (“U.S.”) enacted significant changes to the U.S. tax law following the passage and signing of the Tax Act.  The Tax Act included significant changes to existing tax law, including a permanent reduction to the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, a one-time repatriation tax on deferred foreign income (“Transition Tax”), deductions, credits and business-related exclusions.

U.S. GAAP requires that the interim period tax provision be determined as follows:  



The estimated annual effective rate is applied to the year-to-date ordinary income at the end of each quarter to compute the estimated year-to-date tax applicable to ordinary income.  The tax expense or benefit related to ordinary income in each quarter is the difference between the most recent year-to-date and the prior quarter year-to-date computations.



The determination of the annual effective tax rate is based upon a number of significant estimates and judgments, including the estimated annual pretax income of Woodward in each tax jurisdiction in which it operates, and the development of tax planning strategies during the year.  In addition, as a global commercial enterprise, Woodward’s tax expense can be impacted by changes in tax rates or laws, the finalization of tax audits and reviews, changes in the estimate of the amount of undistributed foreign earnings that Woodward considers indefinitely reinvested, and other factors that cannot be predicted with certainty.  As such, there can be significant volatility in interim tax provisions.

The permanent reduction to the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% is effective January 1, 2018 (the “Effective Date”).  When a U.S. federal tax rate change occurs during a taxpayer’s fiscal year, taxpayers are required to compute a weighted daily average rate for the fiscal year of enactment.  As a result of the Tax Act, Woodward has calculated a U.S. federal statutory corporate income tax rate of 24.5% for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018 and applied this rate in computing the income tax provision for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018.  The U.S. federal statutory corporate income tax rate of 24.5% is the weighted daily average rate between the pre-enactment U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 35% applicable to Woodward’s 2018 fiscal year prior to the Effective Date and the post-enactment U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% applicable to the 2018 fiscal year thereafter.  Woodward expects the U.S. federal statutory rate to be 21% for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 2018.

On December 22, 2017, the SEC issued SAB 118.  SAB 118 expresses views of the SEC regarding ASC 740 in the reporting period that includes the enactment date of the Tax Act.  Subsequent to the issuance of SAB 118, in March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05,  which formally amended ASC 740 for the guidance previously provided by SAB 118.  The SEC staff issuing SAB 118 (the “Staff”) recognized that a registrant’s review of certain income tax effects of the Tax Act may be incomplete at the time financial statements are issued for the reporting period that includes the enactment date, including interim periods therein.  The Staff’s view of the enactment of the Tax Act has been developed considering the principles of ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, which addresses the accounting for certain items in a business combination for which the accounting is incomplete upon issuance of the financial statements that include the reporting period in which the business combination occurs.  Specifically, the Staff provides that the accounting guidance in ASC Topic 805 may be analogized to the accounting for impacts of the Tax Act.  If a company does not have the necessary information available, prepared or analyzed for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act, SAB 118 allows a company to report provisional numbers and adjust those amounts during the measurement period not to extend beyond one year.  For the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018, Woodward has recorded all known and estimable impacts of the Tax Act that are effective for fiscal year 2018.  Future adjustments to the provisional numbers will be recorded as discrete adjustments to income tax expense in the period in which those adjustments become estimable and/or are finalized.

Accordingly, Woodward’s income tax provision for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018 reflects (i) the current year impacts of the Tax Act on the estimated annual effective tax rate and (ii) discrete items, if any, resulting directly

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from the enactment of the Tax Act based on the information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail.  There were no changes in the discrete impact from the enactment of the Tax Act for the three-months ended March 31, 2018.    



Woodward determined that the Transition Tax is provisional because various components of the computation are unknown as of March 31, 2018, including the following significant items: the exchange rates for fiscal year 2018, the actual aggregate foreign cash position and the earnings and profits of the foreign entities as of September 30, 2018, the interpretation and identification of cash positions as of September 30, 2018, and incomplete computations of accumulated earnings and profits balances as of November 2, 2017 and December 31, 2017.  Consistent with provisions allowed under the Tax Act, the $26,000 estimated Transition Tax liability will be paid over an eight year period beginning in fiscal year 2019.  As of March 31, 2018, the current portion of the estimated Transition Tax liability in the amount of $2,080 has been included in “Income taxes receivable, net”, and the noncurrent portion in the amount of $23,920 has been included in “Other liabilities” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. 

Woodward also determined that the impact of the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate change on the U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities is provisional because the number cannot be calculated until the underlying timing differences are known rather than estimated.   

Given the Tax Act’s significant changes and potential opportunities to repatriate cash tax free, Woodward is in the process of evaluating its current indefinite assertions.  As a result of the Tax Act, Woodward now expects to repatriate certain earnings which will be subject to withholding taxes.  These additional withholding taxes were recorded as an additional deferred tax liability associated with the basis difference in such jurisdictions.  The uncertainty related to the taxation of such withholding taxes on distributions under the Tax Act and finalization of the cash repatriation plan makes the deferred tax liability a provisional amount. 

Woodward continues to review the anticipated impacts of the global intangible low taxed income (“GILTI”) and base erosion anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”) on Woodward, which are not effective until fiscal year 2019.  Woodward has not recorded any impact associated with either GILTI or BEAT in the tax rate as of the second quarter of fiscal year 2018. 

Within the calculation of Woodward’s annual effective tax rate Woodward has used assumptions and estimates that may change as a result of future guidance, interpretation, and rule-making from the Internal Revenue Service, the SEC, and the FASB and/or various other taxing jurisdictions.  For example, Woodward anticipates that the state jurisdictions will continue to determine and announce their conformity to the Tax Act which could have an impact on the annual effective tax rate.

The following table sets forth the tax expense and the effective tax rate for Woodward’s earnings before income taxes:





The decrease in the year-over-year effective tax rate for the three-months ended March 31, 2018 is primarily attributable to the benefits of the current year effect of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate reduction in connection with the enactment of the Tax Act on the estimated annual effective tax rate, partially offset by  a smaller favorable adjustment for the net excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation, less foreign earnings taxed at lower tax rates and fewer favorable resolutions of tax matters in the current quarter.

The increase in the effective tax rate for the six-months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the six-months ended March 31, 2017 is primarily attributable to the $14,778 discrete net unfavorable impact in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 resulting from the enactment of the Tax Act partially offset by benefits of the current year effect of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate reduction in connection with the enactment of the Tax Act on the estimated annual effective tax rate.  In addition, the effective tax rate for the six-months ended March 31, 2017 included the impact of the repatriation to the U.S. of certain net

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foreign profits and losses. In the first quarter of fiscal year 2017, the U.S. foreign tax credits available as a result of the repatriation of the foreign net earnings were greater than the U.S. taxes payable on these foreign net earnings.

Gross unrecognized tax benefits were $19,574 as of March 31, 2018, and $20,132 as of September 30, 2017.  Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits were $9,176 as of March 31, 2018 and $9,677 as of September 30, 2017 of tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate.  At this time, Woodward estimates that it is reasonably possible that the liability for unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by as much as $8,901 in the next twelve months due to the completion of reviews by tax authorities, lapses of statutes, and the settlement of tax positions.  Woodward accrues for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits and all other interest and penalties related to tax payments in tax expense.  Woodward had accrued gross interest and penalties of $1,372 as of March 31, 2018 and $1,123 as of September 30, 2017.

Woodward’s tax returns are subject to audits by U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax authorities, and these audits are at various stages of completion at any given time.  Reviews of tax matters by authorities and lapses of the applicable statutes of limitations may result in changes to tax expense.  Fiscal years remaining open to examination in significant foreign jurisdictions include 2008 and thereafter.  Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination in the United States include fiscal years 2014 and thereafter.  Woodward is currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service for fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014.  Woodward has concluded U.S. federal income tax examinations through fiscal year 2012.  Woodward is generally subject to U.S. state income tax examinations for fiscal years 2012 and the periods thereafter.

 

Note 18.  Retirement benefits

Woodward provides various retirement benefits to eligible members of the Company, including contributions to various defined contribution plans, pension benefits associated with defined benefit plans, postretirement medical benefits and postretirement life insurance benefits.  Eligibility requirements and benefit levels vary depending on employee location.

Defined contribution plans

Most of the Company’s U.S. employees are eligible to participate in the U.S. defined contribution plan.  The U.S. defined contribution plan allows employees to defer part of their annual income for income tax purposes into their personal 401(k) accounts.  The Company makes matching contributions to eligible employee accounts, which are also deferred for employee personal income tax purposes.  Certain foreign employees are also eligible to participate in similar foreign plans.

Most of Woodward’s U.S. employees with at least two years of service receive an annual contribution of Woodward stock, equal to 5% of their eligible prior year wages, to their personal Woodward Retirement Savings Plan accounts.  Woodward fulfilled its annual Woodward stock contribution obligation using shares held in treasury stock by issuing a total of 202 shares of common stock for a value of $14,741 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to a total of 199 shares of common stock for a value of $14,014 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.

The amount of expense associated with defined contribution plans was as follows:







Defined benefit plans

Woodward has defined benefit plans that provide pension benefits for certain retired employees in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan.  Woodward also provides other postretirement benefits to its employees including postretirement medical benefits and life insurance benefits.  Postretirement medical benefits are provided to certain current and retired employees and their covered dependents and beneficiaries in the United States and the United Kingdom.  Life insurance benefits are provided to certain retirees in the United States under frozen plans, which are no longer available to current employees.  A September 30 measurement date is utilized to value plan assets and obligations for all of Woodward’s defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans.

U.S. GAAP requires that, for obligations outstanding as of September 30, 2017, the funded status reported in interim periods shall be the same asset or liability recognized in the previous year end statement of financial position adjusted for (a) subsequent accruals of net periodic benefit cost that exclude the amortization of amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income (for example, subsequent accruals of service cost, interest cost, and return on plan assets) and (b) contributions to a funded plan or benefit payments.

During the third quarter of fiscal year 2016, Woodward opened a lump-sum buy-out window, which closed in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016 and was fully settled during the first quarter of fiscal year 2017, for certain former U.S. employees

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and/or their dependents eligible to receive postretirement defined benefit pension payments for past employment services to the Company.  Eligible pension plan participants were provided the opportunity to elect to receive a one-time lump-sum payment or an immediate annuity in lieu of future pension benefit payments.  Pension benefit payments paid from available pension plan assets under the lump-sum buy-out options were $670 during the first quarter and first half of fiscal year 2017.  Woodward made no further pension benefit payments under the lump-sum buy-out options.

The components of the net periodic retirement pension costs recognized are as follows:









The components of the net periodic other postretirement benefit costs recognized are as follows:









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The amount of cash contributions made to these plans in any year is dependent upon a number of factors, including minimum funding requirements in the jurisdictions in which Woodward operates and arrangements made with trustees of certain foreign plans.  As a result, the actual funding in fiscal year 2018 may differ from the current estimate.  Woodward estimates its remaining cash contributions in fiscal year 2018 will be as follows:









Multiemployer defined benefit plans

Woodward operates multiemployer defined benefit plans for certain employees in both the Netherlands and Japan.  The amounts of contributions associated with the multiemployer plans were as follows:











Note 19.  Stockholders’ equity

Stock repurchase program

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2017, Woodward’s board of directors terminated the Company’s prior stock repurchase program and replaced it with a new program for the repurchase of up to $500,000 of Woodward’s outstanding shares of common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions over a three-year period that will end in November 2019 (the “2017 Authorization”).  In the first half of fiscal year 2017, Woodward purchased, under the 2017 Authorization, 886 shares of its common stock for $61,229, of which 350 shares were purchased pursuant to a 10b5-1 plan and 536 shares were purchased pursuant to a 10b-18 plan.  Woodward repurchased no common stock under a stock repurchase program in the first half of fiscal year 2018.

Stock-based compensation

Provisions governing outstanding stock option awards are included in the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”), the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”) and the 2002 Stock Option Plan (the “2002 Plan”).  The 2002 Plan provided that no further grants would be made after December 31, 2006.  No further grants will be made under the 2006 Plan, which expired in fiscal year 2016. 

Woodward has reserved a total of 2,000 shares of Woodward’s common stock for issuance under the 2017 Plan, which was approved by Woodward’s stockholders in January 2017 and is a successor plan to the 2006 Plan. 

Stock options

To date, equity awards under the 2017 Plan have consisted of grants of stock options to Woodward’s employees and directors.  Woodward believes that these stock options align the interests of its employees and directors with the interests of its stockholders.  Stock option awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of Woodward’s stock at the date the grants are awarded, a ten-year term, and generally a four-year vesting schedule at a rate of 25% per year.

The fair value of options granted is estimated as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-valuation model using the assumptions in the following table.  Woodward calculates the expected term, which represents the average period of time that stock options granted are expected to be outstanding, based upon historical experience of plan participants.  Expected volatility is based on historical volatility using daily stock price observations.  The estimated dividend yield is based upon Woodward’s historical dividend practice and the market value of its common stock.  The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve, for periods within the contractual life of the stock option, at the time of grant.

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The following is a summary of the activity for stock option awards during the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018:







Changes in non-vested stock options during the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018 were as follows:









Information about stock options that have vested, or are expected to vest, and are exercisable at March 31, 2018 was as follows:





Stock-based compensation expense

Woodward recognizes stock-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.  Pursuant to form stock option agreements used by the Company, with terms approved by the administrator of the applicable

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plan, the requisite service period can be less than the four-year vesting period based on grantee’s retirement eligibility.  As such, the recognition of stock-based compensation expense associated with some stock option grants can be accelerated to a period of less than four years, including immediate recognition of stock-based compensation expense on the date of grant.

Upon approving the 2017 Plan, Woodward’s board of directors delegated authority to administer the 2017 Plan to the compensation committee of the board, including, but not limited to, the power to determine the recipients of awards and the terms of those awards.    The compensation committee approved issuance of options in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017 under the 2017 Plan, with an award date of October 3, 2016 conditional upon and subject to approval of the 2017 Plan by the stockholders.  The stock options conditionally awarded under the 2017 Plan were not granted or outstanding for accounting purposes prior to stockholder approval of the 2017 Plan, and as such no stock-based compensation expense related to such awards was recognized on these stock options, during the three-months ended December 31, 2016, but rather the expense was recognized in the three-months ended March 31, 2017.    Options granted in the three-months ended December 31, 2017 were not conditionally granted and, therefore, stock-based compensation expense related to those awards was recognized during the three-months ended December 31, 2017.  Total stock-based compensation expense was $2,011 for the three-months and $14,434 for the six-months ended March 31, 2018, and $12,502 for the three-months and $13,763 for the six-months ended March 31, 2017.

At March 31, 2018, there was approximately $12,695 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested stock-based compensation arrangements.  The pre-vesting forfeiture rates for purposes of determining stock-based compensation expense recognized were estimated to be 0% for members of Woodward’s board of directors and 9% for all others.  The remaining unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.2 years.

Note 20.  Commitments and contingencies

Woodward is currently involved in claims, pending or threatened litigation or other legal proceedings, investigations and/or regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including, among others, those relating to product liability claims, employment matters, worker’s compensation claims, contractual disputes, product warranty claims and alleged violations of various laws and regulations.  Woodward accrues for known individual matters using estimates of the most likely amount of loss where it believes that it is probable the matter will result in a loss when ultimately resolved and such loss is reasonably estimable. 

Legal costs are expensed as incurred and are classified in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Woodward is partially self-insured in the United States for healthcare and worker’s compensation up to predetermined amounts, above which third party insurance applies.  Management regularly reviews the probable outcome of related claims and proceedings, the expenses expected to be incurred, the availability and limits of the insurance coverage, and the established accruals for liabilities.

While the outcome of pending claims, legal and regulatory proceedings, and investigations cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that any liabilities that may result from these claims, proceedings and investigations will not have a material effect on Woodward's liquidity, financial condition, or results of operations.

In the event of a change in control of Woodward, as defined in change-in-control agreements with its current corporate officers, Woodward may be required to pay termination benefits to any such officer if such officer’s employment is terminated within two years following the change of control.

Note 21.  Segment information

Woodward serves the aerospace and industrial markets through its two reportable segments - Aerospace and Industrial.  When appropriate, Woodward’s reportable segments are aggregations of Woodward’s operating segments.  Woodward uses operating segment information internally to manage its business, including the assessment of operating segment performance and decisions for the allocation of resources between operating segments.

The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those of the Company.  Woodward evaluates segment profit or loss based on internal performance measures for each segment in a given period.  In connection with that assessment, Woodward generally excludes matters such as certain charges for restructuring, interest income and expense, certain gains and losses from asset dispositions, or other non-recurring and/or non-operationally related expenses. 

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A summary of consolidated net sales and earnings by segment follows:





Segment assets consist of accounts receivable, inventories, property, plant, and equipment, net, goodwill, and other intangibles, net.  A summary of consolidated total assets by segment follows:













Note 22.  Subsequent events

On April 9, 2018, the Company announced that it had signed an agreement to acquire L’Orange GmbH and its related operations located in Germany, the United States and China (“L’Orange”), for total consideration (including cash payments and the assumption of debt and other specified financial obligations) of €700,000 (the “L’Orange Acquisition”).  L’Orange is part of Rolls-Royce, specifically its Rolls-Royce Power Systems business.  The Company expects to finance the L’Orange Acquisition with borrowings from its revolving credit facility, or debt proceeds from a private placement, or a combination of both.  Transaction costs of $1,136 for the three and six-months ending March 31, 2018 are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

L’Orange is a supplier of fuel injection systems for industrial diesel, heavy fuel oil and dual-fuel engines.  L’Orange supplies fuel injection technology for engines that power a wide range of industrial applications including marine power and propulsion systems, special-application vehicles, locomotives, oil and gas processing, and power generation.  L’Orange serves some of the world’s best known specialist diesel engine manufacturers, including Rolls-Royce Power Systems’ subsidiaries, MTU Friedrichshafen (“MTU”) and Bergen Engines (“Bergen”), and other low to high speed engine builders.  L’Orange, which will be renamed Woodward L’Orange, will be integrated into the Company’s Industrial segment.  L’Orange will remain an important partner and supplier for MTU and Bergen in the future through long-term supply agreements, with an initial term of 15 years.

Pending regulatory approval, the L’Orange Acquisition is expected to close in the third quarter of fiscal year 2018.  Accordingly, the initial accounting for the business combination, including pro forma revenues and earnings of the combined entity, is expected to be included in the Company’s Form 10-Q for the third fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2018.

On April 18, 2018,  the Company entered into an at-the-money-forward option (the “Forward Option”) at a cost of $5,543 whereby, on May 30, 2018, the Company has the ability to exercise its option to purchase €490,000 on June 1, 2018 using U.S. dollars at a fixed exchange rate of 1.2432.  If the spot rate is below 1.2432 on May 30, 2018, the Company will choose not to exercise the option and any loss on the Forward Option will be limited to $5,543, which is the cost of the instrument.  If the spot rate is above 1.2432 on May 30, 2018, the Company will choose to exercise the option and the gain on the Forward Option will be offset by the cost of the instrument and will be reflected in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated

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Statement of Earnings in the third fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2018.  The Company is not committed to purchase Euros if the spot rate is below 1.2432 on May 30, 2018.  The Company entered into the Forward Option to manage its exposure to fluctuations in the Euro prior to the anticipated close of the L’Orange Acquisition.  The Company did not enter into the Forward Option for trading or speculative purposes.



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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)



Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that are deemed forward-looking statements.  These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of management.  Words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “seek,” “goal,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “continue,” “outlook,” “plan,” “project,” “target,” “strive,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements.  In addition, any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our businesses, and other characteristics of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements.  Forward-looking statements may include, among others, statements relating to:

Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including:

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These factors are representative of the risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially from what is expressed or forecast in our forward-looking statements.  Other factors are discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”), under the caption “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) (our “Form 10-K”), as updated from time to time in our subsequent SEC filings, and other documents we have filed or will file with the SEC.  We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by applicable law.

Unless we have indicated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Form 10-Q  to “Woodward,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Woodward, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. 

Except where we have otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, amounts presented in this Form 10-Q are in thousands, except per share amounts.

This discussion should be read together with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of our most recent Form 10-K and the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included therein and in this report.

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OVERVIEW

On April 9, 2018, we announced that we had signed an agreement to acquire L’Orange GmbH and its related operations located in Germany, the United States and China (“L’Orange”), for total consideration (including cash payments and the assumption of debt and other specified financial obligations) of €700,000 (the “L’Orange Acquisition”).  L’Orange is part of Rolls-Royce, specifically its Rolls-Royce Power Systems business.  

L’Orange is a supplier of fuel injection systems for industrial diesel, heavy fuel oil and dual-fuel engines.  L’Orange supplies fuel injection technology for engines that power a wide range of industrial applications including marine power and propulsion systems, special-application vehicles, locomotives, oil and gas processing, and power generation.  L’Orange serves some of the world’s best known specialist diesel engine manufacturers, including Rolls-Royce Power Systems’ subsidiaries, MTU Friedrichshafen and Bergen Engines, and other low to high speed engine builders.  L’Orange, which will be renamed Woodward L’Orange, will be integrated into our Industrial segment.    The L’Orange Acquisition is expected to close in the third quarter of fiscal year 2018.

Operational Highlights

Quarter to Date Highlights

Net sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 were $548,249, an increase of 9.6% from $500,381 for the prior year’s second quarter.  Foreign currency exchange rates had a favorable impact on net sales of $11,032 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018.  Aerospace segment sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 were up 20.5% to $386,343, compared to $320,526 for the second quarter of the prior fiscal year.  Industrial segment sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 were down 10.0% to $161,906, compared to $179,855 for the second quarter of the prior fiscal year. 

Net earnings for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 were $38,489, or $0.60 per diluted share, compared to $38,105, or $0.60 per diluted share, for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  Net earnings for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 included $17,013 of restructuring charges  ($12,667 net of tax), or $0.20 per diluted share, related primarily to our previously announced decision to move our operations located in Duarte, California to the recently renovated Drake Campus in Fort Collins, Colorado.  Adjusted net earnings, which excludes (i) restructuring charges, (ii) move costs associated with the relocation of our Duarte, California operations to the Company’s newly renovated Drake Campus in Fort Collins, Colorado (“Duarte move related costs”), and (iii) merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs, were $52,357, or adjusted earnings per share of $0.82 per diluted share.  (Adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per share are non-U.S. GAAP financial measures.  A reconciliation of adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per share to the closest U.S. GAAP financial measure, net earnings and earnings per share, respectively, can be found under the caption “Non-U.S. GAAP Measures” in this Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations.)

The effective tax rate in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 was 20.9% compared to 24.1% for the second quarter of the prior fiscal year primarily due to the benefits of the current year effect of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate reduction resulting from the enactment of H.R.1, “An Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018” (the “Tax Act”) (previously known as “The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”) on the estimated annual effective tax rate.

Earnings before interest and taxes (“EBIT”) for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 were $54,863, a decrease of 3.0% from $56,552 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 were $76,875, flat compared to $76,646 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  Adjusted EBIT and adjusted EBITDA for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 were $73,411 and $95,423, respectively.  Adjusted EBIT and adjusted EBITDA exclude (i) restructuring charges, (ii) Duarte move related costs, and (iii) merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs.  (EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are non-U.S. GAAP financial measures.  A reconciliation of these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures to the closest U.S. GAAP financial measure can be found under the caption “Non-U.S. GAAP Measures” in this Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations.)

 Aerospace segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales increased to 18.9% in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 from 18.2% in the second quarter of the prior fiscal year.  Industrial segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales decreased to 6.3% in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 from 9.5% in the second quarter of the prior fiscal year.

Year to Date Highlights

Net sales for the first half of fiscal year 2018 were $1,018,397, an increase of 8.0% from $943,275 for the first half of the prior fiscal year.  Foreign currency exchange rates had a favorable impact on net sales of $16,624 for the first half of fiscal year 2018.  Aerospace segment sales for the first half of fiscal year 2018 were up 17.9% to $692,248, compared to $587,206 for the first half of the prior fiscal year.  Industrial segment sales for the first half of fiscal year 2018 were down 8.4% to $326,149 compared to $356,069 for the first half of the prior fiscal year.

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Net earnings for the first half of fiscal year 2018 were $56,749, or $0.89 per diluted share, compared to $84,653, or $1.33 per diluted share, for the first half of fiscal year 2017.  Net earnings for the first half of fiscal year 2018 included $17,013 of restructuring charges  ($12,667 net of tax), or $0.20 per diluted share, discussed above.  Adjusted net earnings, which excludes (i) restructuring charges, (ii) Duarte move related costs, (iii) merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs, and (iv) the transition impacts of the change in U.S. federal tax legislation in December 2017, were $85,395, or adjusted earnings per share of $1.34 per diluted share.   

The effective tax rate in the first half of fiscal year 2018 was 34.1%, compared to 13.0% for the first half of the prior fiscal year primarily due to discrete charges related to recent changes in the U.S. federal tax law.

EBIT for the first half of fiscal year 2018 was $98,737, down 10.3% from $110,046 in the same period of fiscal year 2017.  EBITDA for the first half of fiscal year 2018 was $141,819, down 4.9% from $149,053 for the same period of fiscal year 2017.  Adjusted EBIT and adjusted EBITDA for the first half of fiscal year 2018, which exclude (i) restructuring charges, (ii) Duarte move related costs, and (iii) merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs, were $117,285 and $160,367, respectively.

Aerospace segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales decreased to 16.8% in the first half of fiscal year 2018 from 17.9% in the first half of the prior fiscal year.  Industrial segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales decreased to 9.1% in the first half of fiscal year 2017 from 9.9% in the first half of the prior fiscal year.    

Liquidity Highlights

Net cash provided by operating activities for the first half of fiscal year 2018 was  $56,718, compared $129,994 for the first half of fiscal year 2017.  The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities in the first half of fiscal year 2018 compared to the first half of the prior year is primarily attributable to higher working capital used in the current fiscal year primarily due to the timing of payments for accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and increased accounts receivable.

For the first half of fiscal year 2018, free cash flow, which we define as net cash flows from operating activities less payments for property, plant and equipment, was an outflow of $1,760, compared to an inflow of $86,941 for the first half of fiscal year 2017.  Higher payments for plant, property and equipment in the first half of fiscal year 2018 were largely the result of renovations at our Drake Campus in Fort Collins, Colorado and equipment purchases for our second campus in the greater-Rockford, Illinois area.  (A reconciliation of this non-U.S. GAAP financial measure to the closest U.S. GAAP financial measure can be found under the caption “Non-U.S. GAAP Measures” in this Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations.)

At March 31, 2018, we held $100,147 in cash and cash equivalents, and had total outstanding debt of $630,391 with additional borrowing availability of $947,099, net of outstanding letters of credit, under our revolving credit agreement.  At March 31, 2018, we had additional borrowing capacity of $7,674 under various foreign lines of credit and foreign overdraft facilities.  

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth consolidated statements of earnings data as a percentage of net sales for each period indicated:





Other select financial data:









Net Sales

Consolidated net sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 increased by $47,868, or 9.6%, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2017.  Consolidated net sales for the first half of fiscal year 2018 increased by $75,122, or 8.0%, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2017.  Details of the changes in consolidated net sales are as follows:





The increase in net sales for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 was primarily attributable to increased defense original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) sales boosted by continued momentum in smart weapon sales and increased commercial aftermarket and OEM sales in the Aerospace segment, partially offset by net sales declines in the Industrial segment.  The Industrial segment experienced decreased industrial gas turbine sales and renewables sales, which were partially offset by increased sales of reciprocating engines used in both power generation and oil and gas applications.

Costs and Expenses

Cost of goods sold increased by $34,232 to $401,331, or 73.2% of net sales, for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 from $367,099, or 73.4% of net sales, for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  Cost of goods sold increased by $51,868 to $748,115, or 73.5% of net sales, for the first half of fiscal year 2018 from $696,247, or 73.8% of net sales, for the first half of

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fiscal year 2017.  The increase in cost of goods sold in the second quarter and first half of 2018 as compared to the same periods last year was primarily attributable to higher sales volume, planned production facility capacity expansion costs and learning curve effects.  In the first half of fiscal year 2018, the cost of goods sold increase was partially offset by savings from cost reduction initiatives in our Industrial segment.

Gross margin (as measured by net sales less cost of goods sold, divided by net sales) was 26.8% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to 26.6% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  Gross margin was 26.5% for the first half of fiscal year 2018, compared to 26.2% for the first half of fiscal year 2017.  In both the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2018, the gross margin increases are attributable to increased sales volume, partially offset by planned production facility capacity expansion costs and unfavorable product mix.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased by $8,174, or 17.2%, to $39,486 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, as compared to $47,660 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales was 7.2% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 as compared to 9.5% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 was primarily due to the timing of the recognition of stock-based compensation expense.    We recognized the majority of our annual stock-based compensation expense in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, whereas in fiscal year 2017 the majority of this expense was recognized in the second quarter of the fiscal year.  The decrease in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 was offset slightly by increased transaction costs of $1,136 associated with the L’Orange Acquisition.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses of $85,762 for the first half of fiscal year 2018 were virtually flat compared to $85,960 for the first half of fiscal year 2017.  Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales was 8.4% for the first half of fiscal year 2018, as compared to 9.1% for the first half of fiscal year 2017.    Included in selling, general, and administrative expenses for the first half of fiscal year 2018 were transaction costs of $1,136 associated with the L’Orange acquisition. 

Research and development costs increased by $6,784, or 22.3%, to $37,169 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, as compared to $30,385 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  Research and development costs as a percentage of net sales increased to 6.8% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 as compared to 6.1% for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  Research and development costs increased by $15,030, or 26.4%, to $71,955 for the first half of fiscal year 2018, as compared to $56,925 for the first half of fiscal year 2017.  Research and development costs increased as a percentage of net sales to 7.1% for the first half of fiscal year 2018, as compared to 6.0% for the first half of fiscal year 2017. 

Research and development costs in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 were higher due to increased spending on new awards and opportunities being pursued primarily in our Aerospace segment, as well as variability in the timing of projects and expenses.  Our research and development activities extend across almost all of our customer base, and we anticipate ongoing variability in research and development due to the timing of customer business needs on current and future programs.

Restructuring charges of $17,013 in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 relate primarily to the Company’s decision in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 to relocate its Duarte, California operations to the Company’s newly renovated Drake Campus in Fort Collins, Colorado (the “Duarte Relocation”).  Also included in the restructuring charges of $17,013 for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 were workforce management costs related to the Company’s ongoing effort to align its industrial turbomachinery business with current market conditions.  All of the restructuring charges recorded in the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2018 were recorded as nonsegment expenses.  There were no comparable costs and expenses recorded in the second quarter or first half of fiscal year 2017.   

Interest expense was $6,687, or 1.2% of net sales, for the second quarter and $13,437, or 1.3% of net sales for the first half of fiscal year 2018, compared to $6,790, or 1.4% of net sales, for the second quarter and $13,630, or 1.4% of net sales for the first half of fiscal year 2017.

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Income taxes were provided at an effective rate on earnings before income taxes of 20.9% for the second quarter and 34.1% for the first half of fiscal year 2018, compared to 24.1% for the second quarter and 13.0% for the first half of fiscal year 2017.  The changes in components of our effective tax rate (as a percentage of earnings before income taxes) were attributable to the following:





The decrease in the year-over-year effective tax rate for the three-months ended March 31, 2018 is primarily attributable to the benefits of the current year effect of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate reduction in connection with the enactment of the Tax Act on the estimated annual effective tax rate, partially offset by smaller favorable adjustment for the net excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation, less foreign earnings taxed at lower tax rates and fewer favorable resolutions of tax matters in the current quarter.

 The increase in the effective tax rate for the six-months ended March 31, 2018 compared to the six-months ended March 31, 2017 is primarily attributable to the $14,778 discrete net unfavorable impact in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 resulting from the enactment of the Tax Act, partially offset by benefits of the current year effect of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate reduction in connection with the enactment of the Tax Act on the estimated annual effective tax rate.  In addition, the effective tax rate for the six-months ended March 31, 2017 included the impact of the repatriation to the U.S. of certain net foreign profits and losses. In the first quarter of fiscal year 2017, the U.S. foreign tax credits available as a result of the repatriation of the foreign net earnings were greater than the U.S. taxes payable on these foreign net earnings.

As a result of the Tax Act, we have calculated a U.S. federal statutory corporate income tax rate of 24.5% for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2018 and we expect the U.S. federal statutory rate to be 21% for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 2018.  Overall, we anticipate the decrease in the U.S. federal statutory rate resulting from the enactment of the Tax Act will have  a favorable impact on our future U.S. tax expense and operating cash flows.

Within the calculation of our annual effective tax rate we have used assumptions and estimates that may change as a result of future guidance, interpretation, and rule-making from the Internal Revenue Service, the SEC, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and/or various other taxing jurisdictions.  The Tax Act contains many significant changes to the U.S. tax laws, the consequences of which have not yet been fully determined.  Changes in corporate tax rates, the net deferred tax assets and/or liabilities relating to our U.S. operations, the taxation of foreign earnings, and the deductibility of expenses contained in the Tax Act or other future tax reform legislation could have a material impact on our future U.S. tax expense.

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Segment Results

The following table presents sales by segment:





The following table presents earnings by segment and reconciles segment earnings to consolidated net earnings:





The following table presents segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales:





Aerospace

Aerospace segment net sales were $386,343 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018,  up 20.5% compared to $320,526 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  Aerospace segment net sales were $692,248 for the first half of fiscal year 2018, up 17.9% compared to $587,206 for the same period of fiscal year 2017.  The increase in segment net sales for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 as compared to the same periods of fiscal year 2017 was driven primarily by increased commercial OEM and aftermarket sales and increased defense OEM sales.  Defense aftermarket sales were down in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 as compared to the same periods of fiscal year 2017.  

Commercial OEM sales were up for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 as compared to the same periods of fiscal year 2017, driven by ongoing ramp-up in production of next generation aircraft on which we have increased content.

Commercial aftermarket sales increased significantly in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 as compared to the same periods of fiscal year 2017, benefitting from both the initial provisioning for new platforms and increased utilization of existing fleets.

U.S. government funds continue to be prioritized for defense platforms on which we have content.  Defense OEM sales increased in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 compared to the same periods of fiscal year 2017, driven primarily by continued strong demand for smart weapons, as well as growing international demand for various other military programs.  Defense aftermarket sales decreased in the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 as compared to the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2017, reflecting variability in the timing of continued maintenance needs and upgrade programs.

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Aerospace segment earnings increased by $14,742, or 25.3%, to $72,969 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to $58,227 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  Aerospace segment earnings increased by $11,418, or 10.9%, to $116,522 for the first half of fiscal year 2018, compared to $105,104 for the first half of fiscal year 2017.  The net increase in Aerospace segment earnings for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 was due to the following:







Aerospace segment earnings as a percentage of segment net sales were 18.9% for the second quarter and 16.8% for the first half of fiscal year 2018, compared to 18.2%  for the second quarter and 17.9% for the first half of fiscal year 2017.  Aerospace segment earnings in both the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 benefitted from the impact of higher sales volume, which was partially offset by unfavorable product sales mix, higher manufacturing costs related to increased capacity expansion costs to support increased production levels and learning curve effects.  Aerospace segment earnings were also negatively impacted by increased investment in research and development for new program awards and opportunities being pursued.  

Industrial

Industrial segment net sales decreased by 10.0% to $161,906 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to $179,855 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  Segment net sales decreased by 8.4% to $326,149 for the first half of fiscal year 2018, compared to $356,069 for the same period of fiscal year 2017.  Foreign currency exchange rates had a favorable impact on segment net sales of $9,578 and $14,522 for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018, respectively.   The overall decreases in both periods were primarily due to declines in industrial gas turbine and renewables sales.  The decline in industrial gas turbine sales was the result of increased efficiency leading to lower overall demand for electricity and a decrease in volume resulting from the penetration of renewable power sources.  We project that the industrial gas turbine business may not begin to recover until 2020.  The sales decline in our renewables business was due to the short-term unfavorable impact of platform transitions by some of our customers.  Sales of large reciprocating engines used in both power generation and oil and gas applications were up in both the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 as compared to the same periods of the prior fiscal year.  Although sales of fuel systems for compressed natural gas (“CNG”) trucks in Asia decreased in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 as compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, sales of these fuel systems continues to be up for the first half of fiscal year 2018 compared to the first half of fiscal year 2017 as the Chinese government continues to encourage natural gas usage. 

Industrial segment earnings decreased by $6,852, or 40.1%, to $10,237 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to $17,089 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  Segment earnings decreased by $5,506, or 15.7% to $29,581 for the first half of fiscal year 2018 compared to $35,087 for the same period of 2017.  The net decrease in Industrial segment earnings for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 was due to the following:







Industrial segment earnings as a percentage of segment net sales were 6.3% for the second quarter and 9.1% for the first half of fiscal year 2018, compared to 9.5% for the second quarter and 9.9% for the first half of fiscal year 2017.  The decrease in segment earnings as a percentage of sales for the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2018 were largely driven by

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sales volume decreases, partially offset by favorable sales mix and, in the first half of fiscal year 2018, savings from prior year cost reduction initiatives. 

Nonsegment expenses

Nonsegment expenses increased to $28,343 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to $18,764 for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  As a percent of consolidated net sales, nonsegment expenses increased to 5.2% of consolidated net sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, compared to 3.7% of consolidated net sales for the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  The increase in nonsegment expenses in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 as compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2017 is due to the recording of restructuring charges of $17,013 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 related primarily to the Duarte Relocation and transaction costs of $1,136 associated with the L’Orange Acquisition (see Note 22, Subsequent events in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item I of this Form 10-Q).  Partially offsetting the increase to nonsegment expenses in the current quarter was the recognition of the majority of our annual stock-based compensation expense in the first quarter of fiscal year 2018, whereas in fiscal year 2017 the majority of this expense was recognized in the second quarter of the fiscal year.  

Nonsegment expenses increased to $47,366 for the first half of fiscal year 2018, compared to $30,145 for the first half of fiscal year 2017.  As a percent of consolidated net sales, nonsegment expenses were 4.7% of consolidated net sales for the first half of fiscal year 2018, compared to 3.2% of consolidated net sales for the first half of fiscal year 2017.  Included in nonsegment expenses for the first half of fiscal year 2018 were restructuring charges of $17,013, discussed above, and transaction costs of $1,136 associated with the L’Orange Acquisition.             

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Historically, we have satisfied our working capital needs, as well as capital expenditures, product development and other liquidity requirements associated with our operations, with cash flow provided by operating activities and borrowings under our credit facilities.  Historically, we have also issued debt to supplement our cash needs or repay our other indebtedness.  We expect that cash generated from our operating activities, together with borrowings under our revolving credit facility and other borrowing capacity, will be sufficient to fund our continuing operating needs, including capital expansion funding for the foreseeable future.

Our aggregate cash and cash equivalents were $100,147 at March 31, 2018 and $87,552 at September 30, 2017, and our working capital was $677,270 at March 31, 2018 and $593,955 at September 30, 2017.  Of the $100,147 of cash and cash equivalents held at March 31, 2018, $99,812 was held by our foreign locations.  We are not presently aware of any significant restrictions on the repatriation of these funds, although a portion is considered indefinitely reinvested in these foreign subsidiaries.  If these funds were needed to fund our operations or satisfy obligations in the United States, then they could be repatriated and their repatriation into the United States may cause us to incur additional U.S. income taxes or foreign withholding taxes.  Any additional U.S. taxes could be offset, in part or in whole, by foreign tax credits.    The amount of such taxes and application of tax credits would be dependent on the income tax laws and other circumstances at the time these amounts are repatriated.  Based on these variables, it is impractical to determine the income tax liability that might be incurred if these funds were to be repatriated.  The additional uncertainty associated with the Tax Act increases the impracticality of determining this income tax liability.

We do not believe the Transition Tax, which is expected to be paid over an eight year period beginning in January 2019, will have a significant impact on our cash flows in any individual fiscal year.

Consistent with common business practice in China, our Chinese subsidiary accepts bankers’ acceptance notes from Chinese customers, in settlement of certain customer accounts receivable.  Bankers’ acceptance notes are financial instruments issued by Chinese financial institutions as part of financing arrangements between the financial institution and a customer of the financial institution.  Bankers’ acceptance notes represent a commitment by the issuing financial institution to pay a certain amount of money at a specified future maturity date to the legal owner of the bankers’ acceptance note as of the maturity date.  The maturity date of bankers’ acceptance notes varies, but it is our policy to only accept bankers’ acceptance notes with maturity dates no more than 180 days from the date of our receipt of such draft.  The issuing financial institution is the obligor, not our customers.  Upon our acceptance of a bankers’ acceptance note from a customer, such customer has no further obligation to pay us for the related accounts receivable balance.  We had bankers’ acceptance notes of $42,969 at March 31, 2018 and $38,243 at September 30, 2017 recorded as non-customer accounts receivable in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.  We only accept bankers’ acceptance notes issued by banks that are believed to be creditworthy and to which the credit risks associated with the bankers’ acceptance notes are believed to be low.

Our revolving credit facility matures in April 2020 and provides a borrowing capacity of up to $1,000,000 with the option to increase total available borrowings to up to $1,200,000, subject to lenders’ participation.  We can borrow against our $1,000,000 revolving credit facility as long as we are in compliance with all of our debt covenants.  Borrowings under the revolving credit facility can be made in U.S dollars or in foreign currencies other than the U.S. dollar provided that the U.S

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dollar equivalent of any foreign currency borrowings and U.S. dollar borrowings does not, in total, exceed the borrowing capacity of the revolving credit facility.  Historically, we have used borrowings under our revolving credit facilities to meet certain short-term working capital needs, as well as for strategic uses, including repurchases of our common stock, payments of dividends, acquisitions, and facilities expansions.  In addition, we have various foreign credit facilities, some of which are tied to net amounts on deposit at certain foreign financial institutions.  These foreign credit facilities are reviewed annually for renewal.  We use borrowings under these foreign credit facilities to finance certain local operations on a periodic basis.  For further discussion of our $1,000,000 revolving credit facility and our other credit facilities, see Note 13,  Credit facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item I of this Form 10-Q.

At March 31, 2018, we had total outstanding debt of $630,391 consisting of amounts borrowed under our revolving credit facility and various series of unsecured notes due between 2018 and 2031, with additional borrowing availability of $947,099 under our revolving credit facility, net of outstanding letters of credit, and additional borrowing availability of $7,674 under various foreign credit facilities.  As of March 31, 2018, the $100,000 in debt related to our Series D Notes, which mature and are payable in October 2018, has been classified as long-term based on our intent and ability to refinance this debt using cash proceeds from our existing revolving credit facility which, in turn, is expected to be repaid beyond the next twelve months.  For further discussion of our notes, see Note 13,  Credit facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item I of this Form 10-Q. 

At March 31, 2018, we had $41,930 of borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility, all of which was classified as short-term.  Of these borrowings, as of March 31, 2018 the entire amount is denominated in U.S. dollars.    Revolving credit facility and short-term borrowing activity during the six-months ended March 31, 2018 were as follows:



We believe we were in compliance with all our debt covenants as of March 31, 2018.  See Note 12,  Credit facilities, short-term borrowings and long-term debt in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of our most recent 10-K, for more information about our covenants.

In addition to utilizing our cash resources to fund the working capital needs of our business, we evaluate additional strategic uses of our funds, including the repurchase of our common stock, payment of dividends, significant capital expenditures, consideration of strategic acquisitions and other potential uses of cash. 

On April 9, 2018, we announced that we had signed an agreement to acquire L’Orange, for total consideration (including cash payments and the assumption of debt and other specified financial obligations) of €700,000.  We expect to finance the L’Orange Acquisition with borrowings from our revolving credit facility, or debt proceeds from a private placement, or a combination of both, which will increase our interest expense and outstanding debt, and could decrease our availability under our revolving credit facility.    See Note 22, Subsequent events in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item I of this Form 10-Q, for more information regarding the L’Orange Acquisition.       

On April 18, 2018, we entered into an at-the-money-forward option (the “Forward Option”) at a cost of $5,543 whereby, on May 30, 2018, we have the ability to exercise an option to purchase €490,000 on June 1, 2018 using U.S. dollars at a fixed exchange rate of 1.2432.  If the spot rate is below 1.2432 on May 30, 2018, we will choose not to exercise the option and the loss on Forward Option will be limited to $5,543, which is the cost of the instrument.  If the spot rate is above 1.2432 on May 30, 2018, we will choose to exercise the option and any gain on the Forward Option will be offset by the cost of the instrument and reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings in the third fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2018.  We are not committed to purchase Euros if the spot rate is below 1.2432 on May 30, 2018.  We entered into the Forward Option to manage our exposure to fluctuations in the Euro prior to the anticipated close of the L’Orange Acquisition.  We did not enter into the Forward Option for trading or speculative purposes.  See Note 22, Subsequent events in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item I of this Form 10-Q, for more information regarding the L’Orange Acquisition and the Forward Option.

Our ability to service our long-term debt, to remain in compliance with the various restrictions and covenants contained in our debt agreements, and to fund working capital, capital expenditures and product development efforts will depend on our ability to generate cash from operating activities, which in turn is subject to, among other things, future operating performance as well as general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory, and other conditions, some of which may be beyond our control.

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2017, our board of directors terminated the Company’s prior stock repurchase program and replaced it with a new program for the repurchase of up to $500,000 of Woodward’s outstanding shares of common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions over a three-year period that will end in November 2019 (the “2017 

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Authorization”).  In the first half of fiscal year 2017, we purchased 886 shares of our common stock for $61,229 under the 2017 Authorization, of which 350 shares were purchased pursuant to a 10b5-1 plan and 536 were purchased pursuant to a 10b-18 plan.  We repurchased no stock in the six-months ended March 31, 2018.

For our Aerospace segment, we have been purchasing production equipment for our second campus in the greater-Rockford, Illinois area and anticipate continuing such purchases as new aircraft platforms ramp up to full production volumes.  The second campus, completed in 2015, was built to support the expected growth in our Aerospace segment as a result of our being awarded a substantial number of new system platforms, particularly on narrow-body aircraft.

Associated with the Duarte Relocation,  we have identified assets held for use of $7,604 at March 31, 2018, which relate to the land, building and building improvements at the Duarte facility.  Based on current market conditions, we expect to record a gain on the eventual sale of these assets.  We have not yet determined which of the remaining assets at the Duarte facility, consisting mainly of machinery and equipment, will be sold or relocated to the renovated Drake Campus and therefore, we have continued to depreciate these assets until a determination is made.  The carrying value of the remaining assets at the Duarte facility was approximately $13,200 as of March 31, 2018.

We believe that cash flows from operations, along with our contractually committed borrowings and other borrowing capability, will continue to be sufficient to fund anticipated capital spending requirements and our operations for the foreseeable future.  However, we could be adversely affected if the financial institutions providing our capital requirements refuse to honor their contractual commitments, cease lending, or declare bankruptcy.  We believe the lending institutions participating in our credit arrangements are financially stable.

Cash Flows



Net cash flows provided by operating activities for the first half of fiscal year 2018 was $56,718, compared to $129,994 for the same period of fiscal year 2017.  The decrease in cash flows from operating activities in the first half of fiscal year 2018 compared to the prior fiscal year is primarily attributable to working capital changes which had an increase in cash use in the first half of 2018 due mainly to increased payments of accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and increased accounts receivable in the first half of fiscal year 2018. 

Net cash flows used in investing activities for the first half of fiscal year 2018 was $49,118, compared to $34,377 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.  The increase in cash used in investing activities compared to the same period of the prior fiscal year is primarily due to increased payments for capital expenditures.  Payments for property, plant and equipment increased by $15,425 from $43,053 in the first half of fiscal year 2017 to $58,478 in the first half of this year primarily due to renovations at our Drake Campus in Fort Collins, Colorado and equipment purchases for our second campus in the greater-Rockford, Illinois area. 

Net cash flows used in financing activities for the first half of fiscal year 2018 was $3,742, compared to $87,578 in the first half of fiscal year 2017.  During the first half of fiscal year 2018, we paid cash dividends of $16,422, partially offset by net debt borrowings of $9,120 compared to cash dividends paid of $14,415 and net debt payments of $22,604 in the first half of fiscal year 2017.  Also in the first half of fiscal year 2017, we utilized $61,229 to repurchase 886 shares of our common stock under the 2017 Authorization.  We made no stock repurchases in the first half of fiscal year 2018.

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Contractual Obligations

We have various contractual obligations, including obligations related to long-term debt, operating and capital leases, purchases, retirement pension benefit plans, and other postretirement benefit plans.  These contractual obligations are summarized and discussed more fully in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of our most recent Form 10-K.  There have been no material changes to our various contractual obligations during the first half of fiscal year 2018 other than those related to the L’Orange Acquisition.  As of March 31, 2018, any fees that would be incurred should the L’Orange Acquisition not be finalized are insignificant.

Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted net earnings, adjusted earnings per share, EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA,  and free cash flow are financial measures not prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  However, we believe these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures provide additional information that enables readers to evaluate our business from the perspective of management.

Earnings based non-U.S. GAAP financial measures

Adjusted net earnings is defined by the Company as net earnings less, as applicable, (i) restructuring charges, (ii) Duarte move related costs, (iii) merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs, and (iv) the transition impacts of the change in U.S. federal tax legislation in December 2017.  The Company believes that these excluded items are short-term in nature, not related to the ongoing operations of the business and therefore, the exclusion of them illustrates more clearly how the underlying business of Woodward is performing.  Management uses adjusted net earnings in evaluating the Company’s performance excluding these infrequent or unusual period expenses that are not necessarily indicative of the Company’s operating performance for the period.  Management defines adjusted earnings per share as adjusted net earnings, as defined above, divided by the weighted-average number of diluted shares of common stock outstanding for the period.  Management uses both adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per share when comparing operating performance to other periods which may not have similar infrequent or unusual charges.

The reconciliation of net earnings and earnings per share to adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per share, respectively, for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018 are shown in the table below.  Adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per share for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2017 are not shown, as there were no comparable adjustments to U.S. GAAP net earnings or earnings per share in those periods.



Management uses EBIT to evaluate Woodward’s performance without financing and tax related considerations, as these elements may not fluctuate with operating results.  Management uses EBITDA in evaluating Woodward’s operating performance, making business decisions, including developing budgets, managing expenditures, forecasting future periods, and evaluating capital structure impacts of various strategic scenarios.  Securities analysts, investors and others frequently use EBIT and EBITDA in their evaluation of companies, particularly those with significant property, plant, and equipment, and intangible assets subject to amortization.

Adjusted EBIT and adjusted EBITDA represent further non-U.S. GAAP adjustments to EBIT and EBITDA, in each case adjusted to exclude, as applicable, (i) restructuring charges, (ii) Duarte move related costs, and (iii) merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs. As these charges are infrequent or unusual charges that can be variable from period to

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period and may not fluctuate with operating results, management believes that by removing these charges from EBIT and EBITDA it improves comparability of past, present and future operating results and provides consistency when comparing EBIT and EBITDA between periods.

EBIT and adjusted EBIT for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 were as follows:





EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA for the three and six-months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 were as follows:



The use of these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures is not intended to be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  As adjusted net earnings, adjusted net earnings per share, EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA exclude certain financial information compared with net earnings, the most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, users of this financial information should consider the information that is excluded.  Our calculations of adjusted net earnings, adjusted net earnings per share, EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA may differ from similarly titled measures used by other companies, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

Cash flow-based non-U.S. GAAP financial measures    

Management uses free cash flow, which is defined by the Company as net cash flows provided by operating activities less payments for property, plant and equipment, in reviewing the financial performance and cash generation by Woodward’s various business groups.  We believe free cash flow is a useful measure for investors because it portrays our ability to grow organically and generate cash from our businesses for purposes such as paying interest on our indebtedness, repaying maturing debt, funding business acquisitions, investing in research and development, purchasing our common stock, and paying dividends.  In addition, securities analysts, investors, and others frequently use free cash flow in their evaluation of companies.  The use of this non-U.S. GAAP financial measure is not intended to be considered in isolation of, or as substitutes for, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  Free cash flow does not necessarily represent funds available for discretionary use, and is not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash

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needs.  Our calculation of free cash flow may differ from similarly titled measures used by other companies, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

Free cash flow for the six-months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 were as follows:



 





















CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make judgments, assumptions, and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes.  Note 1, Operations and summary of significant accounting policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our most recent Form 10-K, describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements.  Our critical accounting estimates, identified in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of our most recent Form 10-K, include the discussion of estimates used for revenue recognition, inventory valuation, depreciation and amortization, reviews for impairment of goodwill, postretirement benefit obligations, and our provision for income taxes.  Such accounting policies and estimates require significant judgments and assumptions to be used in the preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q, and actual results could differ materially from the amounts reported. 

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted significant changes to the U.S. tax law following the passage and signing of the Tax Act.  Refer to Note 17, Income Taxes,  in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q for further discussion of management's significant estimates and judgements in accounting for income taxes as a result of the Tax Act.

New Accounting Standards

From time to time, the FASB or other standards-setting bodies issue new accounting pronouncements.  Updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification are communicated through issuance of an Accounting Standards Update. 

To understand the impact of recently issued guidance, whether adopted or to be adopted, please review the information provided in Note 2, New accounting standards, in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.    Unless otherwise discussed, we believe that the impact of recently issued guidance, whether adopted or to be adopted in the future, is not expected to have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2018, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in our financial condition, revenues, or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources, that are material to investors.

Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

In the normal course of business, we have exposures to interest rate risk from our long-term and short-term debt and our postretirement benefit plans, and foreign currency exchange rate risk related to our foreign operations and foreign currency transactions.  We are also exposed to various market risks that arise from transactions entered into in the normal course of business related to items such as the cost of raw materials and changes in inflation.  Certain contractual relationships with customers and vendors mitigate risks from changes in raw material costs and foreign currency exchange rate changes that arise from normal purchasing and normal sales activities.

These market risks are discussed more fully in “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of our most recent Form 10-K.  These market risks have not materially changed since the date our most recent Form 10-K was filed with the SEC.

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Item 4.Controls and Procedures

We have established disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.  These disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Principal Executive Officer (Thomas A. Gendron, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President) and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer (Robert F. Weber, Jr., Vice Chairman, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer), as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Thomas A. Gendron and Robert F. Weber, Jr., evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q.  Based on their evaluations, they concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2018.

Furthermore, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter covered by this Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.Legal Proceedings

Woodward is currently involved in claims, pending or threatened litigation or other legal proceedings, investigations and/or regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including, among others, those relating to product liability claims, employment matters, worker’s compensation claims, contractual disputes, product warranty claims and alleged violations of various laws and regulations.  Woodward accrues for known individual matters using estimates of the most likely amount of loss where it believes that it is probable the matter will result in a loss when ultimately resolved and such loss is reasonably estimable. 

While the outcome of pending claims, legal and regulatory proceedings, and investigations cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that any liabilities that may result from these claims, proceedings and investigations will not have a material effect on Woodward's liquidity, financial condition, or results of operations.

Item 1A.Risk Factors

Investment in our securities involves risk.  An investor or potential investor should consider the risks summarized under the caption “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Form 10-K, as well as the following risk factor, when making investment decisions regarding our securities.  Other than the addition of the below risk factor, the risk factors that were disclosed in our most recent Form 10-K have not materially changed since the date our most recent Form 10-K was filed with the SEC.

We may be unable to successfully execute or effectively integrate acquisitions, and divestitures may not occur as planned.

We recently announced that we had entered into an agreement to acquire L’Orange GmbH and its related operations located in Germany, the United States and China.  We have in the past and may, in the future, pursue acquisitions of other companies and assets.  We may also seek to divest non-core businesses or assets.  The success of these transactions will depend on, among other things, our ability to integrate assets and personnel acquired in these transactions and to apply our internal controls process to these acquired businesses.  The integration of these acquisitions may require significant attention from our management, and the diversion of management’s attention and resources could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.  In addition, we may incur unanticipated costs or expenses following an acquisition, including post-closing asset impairment charges, expenses associated with eliminating duplicate facilities, and other liabilities.

The success of our acquisitions is subject to risk, including, among others, the following:

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Many of these factors will be outside of our control and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues and diversion of management’s time and attention.  Furthermore, we may not realize the degree or timing of benefits we anticipate when we first enter into these transactions.  Failure to implement our acquisition strategy, including successfully integrating acquired businesses, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds



Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.







Item 6.Exhibits

Exhibits filed as part of this Report are listed in the Exhibit Index.

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WOODWARD, INC.

EXHIBIT INDEX

























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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



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