UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

T ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019

or

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes T No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and such files).

Yes T No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer T Accelerated Filer ¨ Non-accelerated Filer ¨ Smaller Reporting Company ¨

Emerging Growth Company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ¨ No T

Aggregate market value of registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing price of a share of the registrant’s common stock on March 31, 2019 as reported on The NASDAQ Global Select Market on that date: $4,213,667,368. For purposes of this calculation, shares of common stock held by (i) persons holding more than 5% of the outstanding shares of stock, (ii) officers and directors of the registrant, and (iii) the Woodward Governor Company Profit Sharing Trust, Woodward Governor Company Deferred Shares Trust, or the Woodward Charitable Trust, as of March 31, 2019, are excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination is not necessarily conclusive of affiliate status.

As of November 22, 2019, 61,965,458 shares of the registrant’s common stock with a par value of $0.001455 per share were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of our proxy statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held January 29, 2020, are incorporated by reference into Parts II and III of this Form 10-K, to the extent indicated.

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Forward Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that are deemed forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of management. Words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “seek,” “goal,” “expect,” “forecast,” “intend,” “continue,” “outlook,” “plan,” “project,” “target,” “strive,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our businesses, and other characteristics of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may include, among others, statements relating to:

•plans and expectations related to our acquisition of L’Orange GmbH and its affiliate, Fluid Mechanics LLC, and their related operations in Germany, the United States and China, including: a long-term supply agreement entered into with MTU, a subsidiary of Rolls-Royce, in connection with the acquisition; the opportunity to further develop sales opportunities with new customers and achieve other synergies, including supply chain savings; and the liability recognized by the Company in connection with the various pension plans assumed as part of the acquisition;

•future sales, earnings, cash flow, uses of cash, and other measures of financial performance;

•trends in our business and the markets in which we operate, including expectations in those markets in future periods;

•our expected expenses in future periods and trends in such expenses over time;

•descriptions of our plans and expectations for future operations;

•our expectations with regard to the return to service of the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft and the related impact on our original equipment manufacturer and initial provisioning sales;

•plans and expectations relating to the performance of our joint venture with General Electric Company;

•investments in new campuses, business sites and related business developments;

•the effect of economic trends or growth;

•the expected levels of activity in particular industries or markets and the effects of changes in those levels;

•the scope, nature, or impact of acquisition activity and integration of such acquisition into our business;

•the research, development, production, and support of new products and services;

•new business opportunities;

•restructuring and alignment costs and savings;

•our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions with respect to business opportunities that may be available to us;

•our liquidity, including our ability to meet capital spending requirements and operations;

•future repurchases of common stock;

•future levels of indebtedness and capital spending;

•the stability of financial institutions, including those lending to us;

•pension and other postretirement plan assumptions and future contributions; and

•our tax rate and other effects of the changes in U.S. federal tax law.

We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by applicable law.

Unless we have indicated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this Form 10-K to “Woodward,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Woodward, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Except where we have otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, amounts presented in this Form 10-K are in thousands, except per share amounts.
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Item 1.Business

General

We are an independent designer, manufacturer, and service provider of control solutions for the aerospace and industrial markets. Our innovative fluid, combustion, electrical, and motion control systems help customers offer cleaner, more reliable, and more efficient equipment. Our customers include leading original equipment manufacturers and end users of their products. We have production and assembly facilities in the United States, Europe and Asia, and promote our products and services through our worldwide locations.

Our strategic focus is providing energy control and optimization solutions for the aerospace and industrial markets. The precise and efficient control of energy, including motion, fluid, combustion and electrical energy, is a growing requirement in the markets we serve. Our customers look to us to optimize the efficiency, emissions and operation of power equipment in both commercial and defense operations. Our core technologies leverage well across our markets and customer applications, enabling us to develop and integrate cost-effective and state-of-the-art fuel, combustion, fluid, actuation and electronic systems. We focus primarily on serving original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and equipment packagers, partnering with them to bring superior component and system solutions to their demanding applications. We also provide aftermarket repair, maintenance, replacement and other service support for our installed products.

Our components and integrated systems optimize performance of commercial aircraft, defense aircraft, military ground vehicles and other equipment, gas and steam turbines, wind turbines, including converters and power grid related equipment, industrial diesel, gas, bio-diesel and dual fuel reciprocating engines, and electrical power systems. Our innovative motion, fluid, combustion, and electrical energy control systems help our customers offer more cost-effective, cleaner, and more reliable equipment.

Woodward was established in 1870, incorporated in 1902, and is headquartered in Fort Collins, Colorado. The mailing address of our world headquarters is 1081 Woodward Way, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524. Our telephone number at that location is (970) 482-5811, and our website is www.woodward.com. None of the information contained on our website is incorporated into this document by reference.

Markets and Principal Lines of Business

We serve the aerospace and industrial markets through our two reportable segments – Aerospace and Industrial. Our customers require technological solutions to meet their needs for performance, efficiency, and reliability, and to reduce their costs of operation.

Within the aerospace market, we provide systems, components and solutions for both commercial and defense applications. Our key focus areas within this market are:

Propulsion and combustion control solutions for turbine powered aircraft; and

Fluid and motion control solutions for critical aerospace and defense applications.

Within the industrial market, our key focus areas are:

Applications and control solutions for machines that produce electricity utilizing conventional or renewable energy sources; and

Fluid, motion, and combustion control solutions for complex oil and gas, industrial, power generation, and transportation applications.

Products, Services and Applications

Aerospace

Our Aerospace segment designs, manufactures and services systems and products for the management of fuel, air, and combustion and motion control. These products include fuel pumps, metering units, actuators, air valves, specialty valves, fuel nozzles, and thrust reverser actuation systems for turbine engines and nacelles, as well as flight deck controls, actuators, servocontrols, motors and sensors for aircraft. These products are used on commercial and private aircraft and rotorcraft, as well as on military fixed-wing aircraft and rotorcraft, guided weapons, and other defense systems. 

We have significant content on a wide variety of commercial aircraft, rotorcraft and business jet platforms, such as the Airbus A320neo, Boeing 737 MAX and 787, Bell 429 and Gulfstream G650. We also have significant content on defense applications such as Blackhawk and Apache helicopters, F/A-18 and F-35 fighter jets, and guided tactical weapons (for example, the Joint Direct Attack Munition (“JDAM”)).

Revenues from the Aerospace segment are generated by sales to OEMs, tier-one suppliers, and prime contractors, and through aftermarket sales of components, such as provisioning spares or replacements, and spare parts. We also provide aftermarket maintenance, repair and overhaul, as well as other services to commercial airlines, repair facilities, military depots, third party repair shops, and other end users.

Industrial

Our Industrial segment designs, produces and services systems and products for the management of fuel, air, fluids, gases, motion, combustion and electricity. These products include actuators, valves, pumps, fuel injection systems, solenoids, ignition systems, speed controls, electronics and software, power converters, sensors and other devices that measure, communicate and protect electrical distribution systems. Our products are used on industrial gas turbines (including heavy frame, aeroderivative and small industrial gas turbines), steam turbines, reciprocating engines (including low speed, medium speed and high speed engines, natural gas vehicles and diesel, heavy fuel oil and dual-fuel engines), electric power generation and power distribution systems, wind turbines, and compressors. The equipment on which our products are found is used to generate and distribute power; to extract and distribute fossil and renewable fuels; in the mining of other commodities; and to convert fuel to work in transportation and freight (both marine and locomotives), mobile, and industrial equipment applications.

Revenues from our Industrial segment are generated primarily by sales to OEMs and by providing aftermarket products and other related services to our OEM customers. Our Industrial segment also sells products through an independent network of distributors and, in some cases, directly to end users.

Customers

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, approximately 47% of our consolidated net sales were made to our five largest customers. Sales to our five largest customers represented approximately 42% of our consolidated net sales for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 and approximately 43% of our consolidated net sales for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017.

Sales to our largest customer in fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, The Boeing Company, accounted for approximately 15% of our consolidated net sales, 12% in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, and 11% in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017. Accounts receivable from Boeing represented approximately 14% of accounts receivable at September 30, 2019 and 14% at September 30, 2018. Sales to our second largest customer in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, General Electric, accounted for approximately 14% of our consolidated net sales in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, 16% in the fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Accounts receivable from GE totaled approximately 8% of accounts receivable at both September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018. We believe Boeing, GE, and our other significant customers are creditworthy and will be able to satisfy their credit obligations to us.

The following customers account for approximately 10% or more of sales to each of our reportable segments for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019.

Competitive Environment

Our products and product support services are sold worldwide into a variety of markets. In all markets, we compete on the basis of differentiated technology and design, product performance and conformity with customer specifications. Additional factors are customer service and support, including on-time delivery and customer partnering, product quality, price, reputation and local presence. Both of our segments operate in uniquely competitive environments.

We believe that new competitors face significant barriers to entry into many of our markets, including various government mandated certification requirements to compete in the aerospace and industrial markets in which we participate.

Aerospace has significant product certification requirements to meet safety regulations, which form a basis for competition as well as a barrier to entry. Technological innovation and design, product performance including increased

efficiency and thrust, conformity with customer specifications, and product quality and reliability are of utmost importance in the aerospace and defense industry. In addition, on-time delivery, pricing, and joint development capabilities with customers are points of competition within this market.

Our customers include airframe and aircraft engine OEM manufacturers and suppliers to these manufacturers. We supply these customers with technologically innovative system and component solutions and align our technology roadmaps with our customers. We focus on responding to needs for reduced cost and weight, emission control and reliability improvements.

We compete with numerous companies around the world that specialize in fuel and air management, combustion, electronic control, aircraft motion control, flight deck control, and thrust reverser products. Our competitors in aerospace include divisions of Eaton, Honeywell, Moog, Parker Hannifin, and Collins Aerospace. In addition, some of our OEM customers are capable of developing and manufacturing similar products internally. Several competitors are also customers for our products, such as Honeywell, Parker Hannifin, and Collins Aerospace.

We believe our products offer high levels of field reliability, which provides end users with an advantage in life-cycle cost. We address competition in aftermarket service through responsiveness to our customers’ needs, providing short turnaround times, greater performance such as longer time between repairs, and maintaining a global presence.

Some of our customers are affiliated with our competitors through ownership or joint venture agreements. For example, Pratt and Whitney, one of our customers, is affiliated with Collins Aerospace, one of our competitors. Similarly, GE Aviation has a joint venture with Parker Hannifin for the supply of fuel nozzles. In the past, we also have partnered with our customers. During fiscal year 2016, we entered into a strategic joint venture (“JV”) with our largest customer, General Electric Company (“GE”), acting through its GE Aviation business unit. The JV primarily develops, manufactures and supports fuel systems for twin aisle aircraft engines and is described further in Note 6, Joint venture, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

We compete in part by establishing relationships with our customers’ engineering organizations, and by offering innovative technical and commercial solutions to meet their market requirements. Our ability to design, develop and test an integrated system with a customer is a competitive differentiator, offering the customer savings in both resources and time.

Industrial operates in the global markets for industrial turbines, industrial reciprocating engines, electric power generation systems (including wind turbines), power distribution networks, transportation, and oil and gas. Many of these markets are subject to regulatory product and performance certifications to meet emissions and safety requirements, which form a basis for competition as well as a barrier to entry.

We compete with numerous companies that specialize in various engine, turbine, and power management products, and our OEM customers are often capable of developing and manufacturing similiar products internally. Many of our customers are large global OEMs that require suppliers to support them around the world and to meet increasingly higher requirements in terms of safety, quality, delivery, reliability and cost.

Competitors include Emerson, EControls, Heinzmann GmbH & Co., Hoerbiger, Meggitt, Robert Bosch AG, Schweitzer Electric, and Triconix. OEM customers with internal capabilities for similar products include Caterpillar, Cummins, General Electric, Rolls-Royce Power Systems, Wärtsilä, and Weichai.

We believe we are a market leader in providing our customers advanced technology and superior product performance at a competitive price. We focus on developing and maintaining close relationships with our OEM customers’ engineering teams. Competitive success is based on the development of innovative components and systems that are aligned with the OEMs’ technology roadmaps to achieve future reliability, emission, efficiency, and fuel flexibility targets.

Government Contracts and Regulation

Portions of our business, particularly in our Aerospace segment, are heavily regulated. We contract with numerous U.S. Government agencies and entities, including all of the branches of the U.S. military, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (“NASA”), and the Departments of Defense, Homeland Security, and Transportation. We also contract with similar government authorities outside the United States, subject in all cases to applicable law.

The U.S. Government, and potentially other governments, may terminate any of our government contracts, or any government contracts under which we are a subcontractor, at their convenience, as well as for default based on specified performance measurements. If any of our U.S. government contracts were to be terminated for convenience, we generally would be entitled to receive payment for work completed and allowable termination or cancellation costs. If any of our U.S. government contracts were to be terminated for our default, the U.S. Government generally would pay only for the work accepted, and could require us to pay the difference between the original contract price and the cost to re-procure the contract

items, net of the work accepted from the original contract. The U.S. Government could also hold us liable for damages resulting from the default.

We must comply with, and are affected by, laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration and performance of U.S. Government contracts. These laws and regulations, among other things:

require accurate, complete and current disclosure and certification of cost and pricing data in connection with certain contracts;

impose specific and unique cost accounting practices that may differ from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”), and therefore require robust systems to reconcile;

impose regulations that define allowable and unallowable costs and otherwise govern our right to reimbursement under certain cost-based U.S. Government contracts;

impose manufacturing specifications and other quality standards that may be more restrictive than for non-government business activities; and

restrict the use and dissemination of information classified for national security purposes due to the regulations of the U.S. Government and foreign governments pertaining to the export of certain products and technical data.

Sales made directly to U.S. Government agencies and entities, or indirectly through third party manufacturers utilizing Woodward parts and subassemblies, collectively represented 23% of our sales for each of the fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017. The level of U.S. spending for defense, alternative energy and other programs, and the mix of programs to which such funding is allocated, is subject to periodic congressional appropriation actions, and is subject to change, including elimination, at any time.

U.S. Government related sales from our reportable segments for fiscal years 2019, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

Seasonality

We do not believe our sales, in total or in either business segment, are subject to significant seasonal variation. However, our sales have generally been lower in the first quarter of our fiscal year as compared to the immediately preceding quarter due to fewer working days resulting from the observance of various holidays and scheduled plant shutdowns for annual maintenance.

Sales Order Backlog

Beginning in fiscal year 2019, for each of our reportable segments, we have elected to quantify backlog in a manner consistent with the definition of remaining performance obligations under Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”).

Our remaining performance obligations by segment, excluding material rights, as of October 31, 2019 and our sales order backlog on firm sales orders by segment as of October 31, 2018 is shown in the table below. For further discussion of our material rights obligations, refer to Note 3, Revenue, to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Our remaining performance obligations as of October 31, 2019 relate to the aggregate amount of the total contract transaction price of firm orders for which the performance obligation has not yet been recognized in revenue. Our sales order backlog as of October 31, 2018 was based on unshipped firm sales orders that were open in our order entry systems.

Manufacturing

We operate manufacturing and assembly plants in the United States, Europe and Asia. Our products consist of mechanical, electronic and electromechanical systems and components.

Aluminum, iron and steel are primary raw materials used to produce our mechanical components. Other commodities, such as gold, copper and nickel, are also used in the manufacture of our products, although in much smaller quantities. We purchase various goods, including component parts and services used in production, logistics and product development processes from third parties.  Generally there are numerous sources for the raw materials and components used in our products, which we believe are sufficiently available to meet current requirements.

We maintain global strategic sourcing models to meet our global facilities' production needs while building long-term supplier relationships and efficiently managing our overall supply costs.  We expect our suppliers to maintain adequate levels of quality raw materials and component parts, and to deliver such parts on a timely basis to support production of our various products.  We use a variety of agreements with suppliers intended to protect our intellectual property and processes and to monitor and mitigate risks of disruption in our supply base that could cause a business disruption to our production schedules or to our customers.  The risks monitored include supplier financial viability, business continuity, quality, delivery and protection of our intellectual property and processes.

Our customers expect us to maintain adequate levels of certain finished goods and certain component parts to support our warranty commitments and sales to our aftermarket customers, and to deliver such parts on a timely basis to support our customers’ standard and customary needs. We carry certain finished goods and component parts in inventory to meet these rapid delivery requirements of our customers.

We are subject to rules promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding disclosure related to a company’s use of tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold or their derivatives (collectively referred to as “conflict minerals”) in their products, with substantial supply chain verification requirements in the event the conflict minerals come or may come from the Democratic Republic of Congo or adjoining countries. The European Union has adopted similar reporting obligations that will be effective in 2021. Our conflict minerals report for calendar year 2018 was filed with the SEC on May 30, 2019. We may face reputational challenges with our customers, stockholders and other stakeholders if we use and/or are unable to sufficiently verify the origins of the conflict minerals used in our products. Further, due to the complexity of our supply chain, the implementation of the existing U.S. requirements and any additional European requirements could affect the sourcing and availability of metals used in the manufacture of a number of parts contained in our products. We have and will continue to incur costs associated with compliance, including time-consuming and costly efforts to determine the source of conflict minerals that may be used in our products.

Research and Development

We finance our research and development activities primarily with our own independent research and development funds. Our research and development costs include basic research, applied research, component and systems development, and other concept formulation studies.

Company funded expenditures related to new product development activities are expensed as incurred and are separately reported in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Across both of our segments, research and development costs totaled $159,107 in fiscal year 2019, $148,279 in fiscal year 2018, and $126,519 in fiscal year 2017. Research and development costs were 5.5% of consolidated net sales in fiscal year 2019 compared to 6.4% in fiscal year 2018 and 6.0% in

fiscal year 2017. See “Research and development costs” in Note 1, Operations and summary of significant accounting policies, to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Aerospace is focused on developing systems and components that we believe will be instrumental in helping our customers achieve their objectives of lower fuel consumption, lighter weight, more efficient performance, reduced emissions, and improved operating economics. We support our engine and airframe customers as they develop next generation designs across the commercial aviation, general aviation, civil private and military markets. Our development efforts support technology for a wide range of:

aerospace turbine engine applications, which include commercial, business and military turbofan engines of various thrust classes, turboshaft engines and turboprop engines;

electromechanical and hydraulic actuation systems for flight deck-to-flight surface control of fixed-wing aircraft and rotorcraft, and turbine engine nacelles, as well as guidance for weapon systems; and

motion control components for integration into comprehensive actuation systems.

The aerospace industry has moved toward more electric (“fly-by-wire”), lighter weight aircraft, while demanding increased reliability and redundancy. In response, we are developing an expanded family of intelligent flight deck control products (including throttle and rudder controls) with both conventional and fly-by-wire technology, as well as motor driven actuation systems.

We collaborate closely with our customers as they develop their technology plans, which leads to new product concepts. We believe this collaboration allows us to develop technology that is aligned with our customers’ needs and therefore, increases the likelihood that our systems and components will be selected for inclusion in the platforms developed by our customers. Further, we believe our close collaboration with our customers during preliminary design stages allows us to provide products that deliver the component and system performance necessary to bring greater value to our customers. This preliminary work may include opportunities to test new products in order to validate concepts and demonstrate performance in challenging environments.

Most technology development programs begin years before an expected entry to service, such as those for the next generation of commercial aircraft. Other development programs result in nearer-term product launches associated with new OEM offerings, product upgrades, or product replacements on existing programs. Some of the major projects/programs we are developing are listed below.

We developed the fuel system, air management system, and actuation hardware for CFM International’s LEAP engine program. We also developed actuation system, combustion system and oil system components for Pratt & Whitney’s Geared Turbo Fan (“GTF”) engine program. These programs target applications in the single aisle and regional aircraft markets with entry into service in the 2016 to 2020 timeframe. Both the LEAP engine and the GTF engine (later named the PurePower engine) have been selected by Airbus as options to power its A320neo aircraft, which entered service in 2016. In addition, the LEAP engine was selected by Boeing exclusively for its 737 MAX, which entered service in 2017, and by Comac for its C919 aircraft, which is currently in flight test. The GTF engine was selected by Bombardier exclusively for its CSeries aircraft (now majority owned by Airbus and renamed the A220), which entered service in 2016 and is currently in production. The GTF engine was also chosen by Embraer for its EJets E2 aircraft family, which entered service in 2018, by Mitsubishi for the MRJ regional aircraft and by Irkut for the MS-21 aircraft. The MRJ and MS-21 aircraft are currently in flight test.

The JV with GE primarily develops, manufactures and supports fuel systems for twin aisle aircraft engines. The JV is developing the fuel system for the GE9X engine (which will power the Boeing 777X). We have been selected as the JV’s supplier of this fuel system.

We are the supplier for the thrust reverser actuation system (“TRAS”) for the Boeing 737 MAX and the CFM LEAP-engined Airbus A320neo. We are developing the TRAS for the Boeing 777X and the Airbus A330neo, as well as the TRAS on the new nacelle version of the GTF engine to be used on the Airbus A320neo. The A330neo entered service in 2018, and the 777X is projected to enter service in late 2020.

We developed the fuel system, air management components, and actuation hardware for the Passport engine program, as well as the TRAS for the integrated propulsion system. Passport is the next generation GE Aviation engine for the large business aviation market, and has been selected by Bombardier to power its Global 7500 long-range business aircraft, which entered service in 2018.

In addition, we developed sensor solutions for the Airbus A350 high lift system, an actuation sub-system for the Boeing 787-9 that improves fuel burn, flight deck control components for the Airbus A220 and control and sensing solutions for the

Boeing KC-46A refueling tanker boom subsystem. We developed flight deck control components for the Bombardier Global 7500 aircraft, as well as other business aviation aircraft.

Industrial is focused on developing innovative technologies, including integrated control systems and system components, that enable our customers to cost-effectively meet mandated emissions regulations and fuel efficiency demands, allow for usage of a wider range of fuel sources, increase reliability (particularly in harsh environments), and reduce total cost of ownership. Our development efforts support technology for a wide range of:

products that improve the quality of combustion processes and provide more precise flow of various fuels and gases in our customers’ gas turbines and industrial reciprocating engines;

electronic devices and software solutions that provide improved control and protection of reciprocating engines, gas turbines, steam turbines, wind turbines, and engine- and turbine-powered equipment; and

advanced prognostic and predictive intelligence that is integrated into many of our complex products and systems.

These development efforts support our strategy of being the recognized market leader for:

application and control solutions for any machine that produces electricity utilizing conventional and renewable energy sources; and

control solutions for complex oil and gas, industrial and transportation applications.

We collaborate closely with our customers to jointly align our technology roadmaps. This collaboration allows us to develop new systems, products and technologies consistent with our customers’ future needs for performance, emissions and efficiency to deliver greater value. We strive to stay ahead of the competition through our modeling, prototyping, and state of the art test capabilities.

We partner with our customers on programs that can take months or years of development before being fully validated and launched into production. We also work with our customers on shorter term application programs for product and system upgrades. Some of the major projects/programs we are developing include:

high pressure common rail diesel fuel injection systems;

natural gas metering and combustion systems;

comprehensive electronic control and air management solutions for natural gas and diesel engines;

emission certified stationary and mobile gas engine systems;

heavy frame and aeroderivative electric actuation systems enabling turbine electrification with cyber secure products;

steam turbine controls and valves that greatly simplify installation and significantly improve reliability; and

next generation full size wind turbine converters.

Employees

As of October 31, 2019, we employed approximately 9,000 full-time employees of which approximately 3,000 were located outside of the United States, with the majority in Germany, Poland and China. We believe that our relationships with our employees are good.

Approximately 12% of our total full-time workforce were union employees as of October 31, 2019, all of whom work for our Aerospace segment and are located in the United States. The collective bargaining agreements with our union employees are generally renewed through contract renegotiation near the contract expiration dates. The MPC Employees Representative Union contract, which covers 611 employees as of October 31, 2019, expires October 1, 2021. The Local Lodge 727-N International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers agreement, which covers 490 employees as of October 31, 2019, expires April 22, 2021. The International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America and Local No. 509 agreement, which covered no employees as of October 31, 2019, expires June 4, 2021. We believe that our relationships with our union employees and the representative unions are good.

Almost all of our other employees in the United States were at-will employees as of October 31, 2019, and therefore, not subject to any type of employment contract or agreement. Our executive officers each have change-in-control agreements which have been filed with the SEC.

Outside of the United States, we enter into employment contracts and agreements in those countries in which such relationships are mandatory or customary, including coordination through local works’ councils. The provisions of these agreements correspond in each case with the required or customary terms in the subject jurisdiction.

Patents, Intellectual Property, and Licensing

We own numerous patents and other intellectual property, and have licenses for the use of patents and other intellectual property owned by others, which relate to our products and their manufacture. In addition to owning a large portfolio of intellectual property, we also license intellectual property to and from third parties. For example, the U.S. Government has certain rights in our patents and other intellectual property developed in performance of certain government contracts, and it may use or authorize others to use the inventions covered by such patents for government purposes as allowed by law.

Intellectual property not covered by patents (or patent applications) includes trade secrets and other technological know-how that is not patentable or for which we have elected not to seek patent protection, including intellectual property relating to our manufacturing processes and engineering designs. Such unpatented technology, including research, development and engineering technical skills and know-how, as well as unpatented software, is important to our overall business and to the operations of each of our segments.

While our intellectual property assets taken together are important, we do not believe our business or either of our segments would be materially affected by the expiration of any particular intellectual property right or termination of any particular intellectual property patent license agreement.

As of September 30, 2019, our Consolidated Balance Sheets includes $611,922 of net intangible assets. This value represents the carrying values, net of amortization, of certain assets acquired in various business acquisitions and does not purport to represent the fair value of our acquired intellectual property as of September 30, 2019.

U.S. GAAP requires that research and development costs be expensed as incurred; therefore, as we develop new intellectual property in the normal course of business, the costs of developing such assets are expensed as incurred, with no corresponding intangible asset recorded. Customers sometimes pay consideration to Woodward for product engineering and development activities that do not result in the immediate transfer of distinct products or services to the customer. For Woodward’s accounting policy with regards customer funded product engineering and development activities, see Note 3, Revenue, to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Environmental Matters and Climate Change

The Company is regulated by federal, state and international environmental laws governing our use, transport and disposal of substances and control of emissions. Compliance with these existing laws has not had a material impact on our capital expenditures, earnings or global competitive position.

We use hazardous materials and/or regulated materials in our manufacturing operations. We also own, operate, have acquired, and may in the future acquire facilities that were formerly owned and operated by others that used such materials. We believe that the risk that a significant release of regulated materials has occurred in the past or will occur in the future cannot be completely eliminated or prevented. From time to time we engage in environmental remedial activities, generally in coordination with other companies, pursuant to federal and state laws. In addition, we may be exposed to other environmental costs including participation in superfund sites or other similar jurisdictional initiatives. When it is reasonably probable we will pay remediation costs at a site, and those costs can be reasonably estimated, we accrue a liability for such future costs with a related charge against our earnings. In formulating that estimate and recognizing those costs, we do not consider amounts expected to be recovered from insurance companies, or others, until such recovery is assured. Currently, we have no sites undergoing remediation.

Our manufacturing facilities generally do not produce significant volumes or quantities of byproducts, including greenhouse gases, that would be considered hazardous waste or otherwise harmful to the environment. We do not expect legislation currently pending or expected in the next several years to have a significant negative impact on our operations in any of our segments.

Domestic and foreign legislative initiatives on emissions control, renewable energy, and climate change tend to favorably impact the sale of our energy control products. For example, our Industrial segment produces inverters for wind turbines and energy control products that help our customers maximize engine efficiency and minimize wasteful emissions, including greenhouse gases.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

Information about our executive officers is provided below. There are no family relationships between any of the executive officers listed below.

Thomas A. Gendron, Age 58. Chairman of the Board since January 2008; Chief Executive Officer, President, and Director since July 2005; Chief Operating Officer and President September 2002 through June 2005; Vice President and General Manager of Industrial Controls June 2001 through September 2002; Vice President of Industrial Controls April 2000 through May 2001; Director of Global Marketing and Industrial Controls’ Business Development February 1999 through March 2000.

Jonathan W. Thayer, Age 48. Vice Chairman, Corporate Operations and Chief Financial Officer since October 2019; and Vice Chairman, Corporate Operations since January 2019. Prior to January 2019, Mr. Thayer was employed at Exelon Corporation since 2012, where he held various positions, including Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Thayer served as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer for Constellation Energy from October 2008 until its acquisition by Exelon in 2012. Mr. Thayer served as a member of the board of directors of Woodward from May 2016 through January 2019.

Robert F. Weber, Jr., Age 65. Vice Chairman since October 2011; Chief Financial Officer from August 2005 until September 2019; and Treasurer from August 2005 through November 2018. Prior to August 2005, Mr. Weber was employed at Motorola, Inc. for 17 years, where he held various positions, including Corporate Vice President and General Manager, EMEA Auto. Prior to this role, Mr. Weber served in a variety of financial positions at both a corporate and operating unit level with Motorola.

Thomas G. Cromwell Age 50. Vice Chairman, Chief Operating Officer since February 2019. Prior to February 2019, Mr. Cromwell was employed at Kohler Co., Inc. for 10 years, most recently serving as Group President, Power from 2014 through February 2019.

Sagar A. Patel, Age 53. Business Unit President, Fuel Systems and Controls since April 2019; and President, Aircraft Turbine Systems from June 2011 through April 2019. Prior to this role, Mr. Patel was employed at General Electric for 18 years, most recently serving as President, Mechanical Systems, GE Aviation, from March 2009 through June 2010. He served as President, Aerostructures, GE Aviation from July 2008 through July 2009 and as President and General Manager, MRS Systems, Inc., GE Aircraft Engines, from October 2005 through June 2008.

Chad R. Preiss, Age 54. Business Unit President, Engine & Turbine Controls since April 2019; and President, Industrial Control Systems from November 2016 through April 2019; President, Engine Systems October 2009 through November 2016; Group Vice President, Engine Systems October 2008 through September 2009; Vice President, Sales, Service, and Marketing, Engine Systems December 2007 through September 2008; and Vice President, Industrial Controls September 2004 through December 2007. Prior to this role, Mr. Preiss served in a variety of engineering and marketing/sales management roles, including Director of Business Development, since joining Woodward in 1988.

A. Christopher Fawzy, Age 50. Corporate Vice President, General Counsel, Corporate Secretary and Chief Compliance Officer since October 2009; Vice President, General Counsel, and Corporate Secretary June 2007 through September 2009. Mr. Fawzy became the Company’s Chief Compliance Officer in August 2009. Prior to joining Woodward, Mr. Fawzy was employed by Mentor Corporation, a global medical device company. He joined Mentor in 2001 and served as Corporate Counsel, then was promoted to General Counsel in 2003, and was appointed Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary in 2004.

Other Corporate Officers of the Registrant

Information about our other corporate officers is provided below. There are no family relationships between any of the corporate officers listed below or between any of the corporate officers listed below and the aforementioned executive officers.

Paul P. Benson, Age 55. Corporate Vice President, Human Resources since September 2019. Prior to September 2019, Mr. Benson was employed at Esterline Technologies Corporation from 2014 through September 2019, where he served as Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer. Prior to 2014, Mr. Benson was employed at Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company from 2006 through 2014, most recently serving as Senior Human Resources Director, Transformation.

Steven J. Meyer, Age 59. Corporate Vice President since September 2019; Corporate Vice President, Human Resources from October 2009 through September 2019; Vice President, Human Resources November 2006 through September 2009; Director, Global Human Resources November 2002 through October 2006; Director, Human Resources for Industrial Controls July 1997 through October 2002. Prior to joining Woodward, Mr. Meyer was employed by PG&E Corporation and Nortel in a variety of roles in human resources.

John D. Tysver, Age 57. Corporate Vice President, Technology since October 2016; Vice President, Aircraft Turbine Systems’ Programs, Systems and Research & Development July 2015 through October 2016; Vice President and General Manager of Aircraft Turbine Systems’ Fuel Systems COE April 2011 through July 2015; Vice President of Turbine Systems’ Systems & Engineering October 2009 through April 2011; Director of Turbine Systems’ Systems & Engineering November 2006 through October 2009. Prior to November 2006, Mr. Tysver served in a variety of engineering leadership roles since joining Woodward in March 1991. Prior to joining Woodward, Mr. Tysver served in engineering roles at Sundstrand (now UTC Aerospace Systems).

Daniel M. Bowman, Age 54. Corporate Vice President, Strategy and Business Development since August 2017; and Vice President, Sales, Marketing, and Commercial Operations for Aircraft Turbine Systems April 2007 through August 2017. Prior to joining Woodward, Mr. Bowman served as the Vice President of Sales, Marketing and Service at Fairbanks Morse Engine and held a variety of sales, marketing, and business development leadership roles at GE Aviation.

Matteo R. Pisciotta, Age 47. Corporate Vice President, Global Sourcing since August 2019. Prior to August 2019, Mr. Pisciotta was employed at Polaris Industries, Inc., serving as Vice President, Global Procurement and Supply Chain from 2016 through August 2019. Prior to 2016, Mr. Pisciotta was employed at Oshkosh Corporation for nine years, most recently serving as Vice President, Global Procurement and Supply Chain from 2009 through 2016.

Information available on Woodward’s Website and Social Media

Through a link on the Investor Information section of our website, www.woodward.com, we make available, free of charge, the following filings as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed or furnished to the SEC: our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements on Schedule 14A, and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as well as Section 16 reports of our officers and directors. The SEC also maintains a website that contains our SEC filings. The address of the site is www.sec.gov. We provide notifications of news or announcements regarding our financial performance, including SEC filings, investor events, press and earnings releases as part of our investor relations website. We have used, and intend to continue to use, our investor relations website, as well as the following as of the date of this filing, as means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with the disclosure obligations under Regulation FD:

Twitter: @woodward_inc

Facebook: Facebook.com/woodwardinc

LinkedIn: Linkedin.com/company/woodward

YouTube: YouTube.com/user/woodwardinc

Goldenline (Poland): http://www.goldenline.pl/firma/woodward

XING (Germany): https://www.xing.com/companies/lorange.

None of the information contained on our website, or the above-mentioned social media sites, is incorporated into this document by reference.

Stockholders may obtain, without charge, a single copy of Woodward’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K upon written request to the Corporate Secretary, Woodward, Inc., 1081 Woodward Way, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524.

Item 1A.Risk Factors

Investment in our securities involves risk. An investor or potential investor should consider the risks summarized in this section when making investment decisions regarding our securities.

Important factors that could individually, or together with one or more other factors, affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and/or cash flows include, but are not limited to, the following:

A significant portion of our revenue is concentrated among a relatively small number of customers. A decline in our customers’ business, or in our business with, or financial distress of, such customers could decrease our consolidated net sales or impair our ability to collect amounts due and payable and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

A significant portion of our revenue is concentrated among a relatively small number of customers. We have fewer customers than many companies with similar sales volumes. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, approximately 47% of our consolidated net sales were made to our five largest customers. Sales to our five largest customers for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018 represented approximately 42% of our consolidated net sales. Sales to our largest customer in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, The Boeing Company (“Boeing”), accounted for approximately 15% of our consolidated net sales, 12% in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, and 11% in the fiscal year ended September 30,

2017. Accounts receivable from Boeing represented approximately 14% of accounts receivable at September 30, 2019 and 14% at September 30, 2018. Sales to our second largest customer in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, General Electric Company (“GE”), accounted for approximately 14% of our consolidated net sales in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, and 16% in both fiscal years ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Accounts receivable from GE represented approximately 8% of accounts receivable at both September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018. If any of our significant customers were to change suppliers, in-source production, institute significant restructuring or cost-cutting measures, or experience financial distress, these significant customers may substantially reduce, or otherwise be unable to pay for, purchases from us. Accordingly, our consolidated net sales could decrease significantly or we may experience difficulty collecting, or be unable to collect, amounts due and payable, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

In October 2018 and March of 2019, two commercial aircraft accidents led to the grounding by the Federal Aviation Administration and other regulators of the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft, on which we have significant content. The grounding of the Boeing 737 MAX by the Federal Aviation Administration and other regulators, which started in March of 2019 has caused deliveries of that aircraft to be lower than expected in fiscal year 2019. The customer orders and demand for the aircraft has not changed significantly, and therefore we believe when the aircraft returns to service these missed deliveries will be fulfilled in future periods. In 2019, the grounding had a slightly negative impact on OEM sales, but a more significantly unfavorable impact on initial provisioning sales related to the 737 MAX aircraft and CFM LEAP engine. We anticipate the recovery of these initial provisioning sales in the periods following the aircraft’s return to service. Although we expect that deliveries of the 737 MAX program will resume and that the demand for the aircraft in the long-term has not changed, a prolonged grounding of the Boeing 737 MAX could substantially decrease our OEM and initial provisioning sales for the 737 MAX and CFM LEAP engines in the near term, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Instability in the financial markets and global or regional economic weakness or uncertainty could have a material adverse effect on the ability of our customers to perform their obligations to us and on their demand for our products and services.

As a result of volatility in the credit and capital markets and global economic uncertainty, our current or potential customers may experience cash flow problems and, as a result, may modify, delay or cancel plans to purchase our products. Additionally, if our customers face financial distress or are unable to secure necessary financing, they may not be able to pay, or may delay payment of, accounts receivable that are owed to us. Any inability of current or potential customers to pay us for our products may adversely affect our earnings and cash flows.

The general economic environment significantly affects demand for our products and services.  Periods of slowing economic activity currently impacting some of our markets, may cause global or regional slowdowns in spending on infrastructure development in the markets in which we operate, and customers may reduce their purchases of our products and services. In addition, weakness or uncertainty in any of our global markets, such as that most recently caused by the imposition and reciprocation of tariffs and duties, may materially adversely affect one or more areas of our business. 

There can be no assurance that any market and economic uncertainty in the U.S. or internationally would not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Unforeseen events may occur that significantly reduce commercial aviation, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A significant portion of our business is related to commercial aviation. A global economic downturn and uncertainty in the marketplace typically lead to a general reduction in demand for air transportation services, leading some airlines to withdraw aircraft from service, which negatively affects sales of our aerospace components and services. These economic conditions can similarly affect our sales of systems and components for new business jet aircraft. The commercial airline industry tends to be cyclical and capital spending by airlines and aircraft manufacturers may be influenced by a variety of factors, including current and projected future traffic levels, aircraft fuel pricing, labor issues, competition, the retirement of older aircraft, regulatory changes, terrorism and related safety concerns, general economic conditions, worldwide airline profits and backlog levels. In the event these or other economic indicators stagnate or worsen, market demand for our components and systems could be negatively affected by renewed reductions in demand for air transportation services or commercial airlines’ financial difficulties, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our profitability may suffer if we are unable to manage our expenses in connection with sales increases, sales decreases, or impacts of capital expansion projects, or if we experience change in product mix.

Some of our expenses are relatively fixed in relation to changes in sales volume and are difficult to adjust in the short term. Expenses driven by business activity other than sales level and other long-term expenditures, such as fixed manufacturing overhead, capital expenditures and research and development costs, may be difficult to reduce in a timely manner in response to a reduction in sales. Expenses such as depreciation or amortization, which are the result of past capital expenditures or business acquisitions, or interest expense, which is the result of the incurrence of debt primarily to finance our growth or business acquisitions, are generally fixed regardless of sales levels. In addition, the achievement of manufacturing efficiencies associated with capital expansion projects may not meet management’s current expectations. Due to our long sales cycle, in periods of sales increases it may be difficult to rapidly increase our production of finished goods, particularly if such sales increases are unanticipated. An increase in the production of our finished goods requires increases in both the purchases of raw materials and components and in the size of our workforce. If a sudden, unanticipated need for raw materials, components and labor arises in order to meet unexpected sales demand, we could experience difficulties in sourcing raw materials, components and labor at a favorable cost or to meet our production needs. These factors could result in delays in fulfilling customer sales contracts, damage to our reputation and relationships with our customers, an inability to meet the demands of the markets that we serve, which in turn could prevent us from taking advantage of business opportunities or responding to competitive pressures, and result in an increase in variable and fixed costs leading to a decrease in net earnings or even net losses. In addition, we sell products that have varying profit margins, and increases or decreases in sales of our various products may change the mix of products that we sell during any period. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

The long sales cycle, customer evaluation process and implementation period of our products and services may increase the costs of obtaining orders and reduce the predictability of sales cycles and our inventory requirements.

Our products and services are technologically complex and require significant capital commitments. Prospective customers generally must commit significant resources to test and evaluate our products and to install and integrate them into larger systems. Orders expected in one quarter may shift to another quarter or be cancelled with little advance notice as a result of customers’ budgetary constraints, internal acceptance reviews and other factors affecting the timing of customers’ purchase decisions. In addition, customers often require a significant number of product presentations and demonstrations before reaching a sufficient level of confidence in the product’s performance and compatibility with the approvals that typically accompany capital expenditure approval processes. The difficulty in forecasting demand increases the challenge in anticipating sales cycles and our inventory requirements, which may cause us to over-produce finished goods and could result in inventory write-offs, or could cause us to under-produce finished goods. Any such over-production or under-production could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our product development activities may not be successful, may be more costly than currently anticipated, or we may not be able to produce newly developed products at a cost that meets the anticipated product cost structure.

Our business involves a significant level of product development activities, generally in connection with our customers’ development activities. Industry standards, customer expectations, or other products may emerge that could render one or more of our products or services less desirable or obsolete. Additionally, our competitors may develop new technology, or more efficient ways to produce their existing products that could cause our existing products or services to become less desirable or obsolete. Maintaining our market position requires continued investment in research and development. During an economic downturn or a subsequent recovery, we may need to maintain our investment in research and development, which may limit our ability to reduce these expenses in proportion to a sales shortfall. In addition, increased investments in research and development may divert resources from other potential investments in our business, such as acquisitions or investments in our facilities, processes and operations. If these activities are not as successful as currently anticipated, are not completed on a timely basis, or are more costly than currently anticipated, or if we are not able to produce newly developed products at a cost that meets the anticipated product cost structure, then our future sales, margins and/or earnings could be lower than expected, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

The U.S. Government may change acquisition priorities and/or reduce spending, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Sales made directly to U.S. Government agencies and entities were 4% of total net sales during fiscal year 2019, 4% during fiscal year 2018, and 5% during fiscal year 2017, primarily in the aerospace market. Sales made directly to U.S. Government agencies and entities, or indirectly through third party manufacturers, such as tier-one prime contractors, utilizing Woodward parts and subassemblies, accounted for approximately 23% of total sales in fiscal year 2019, 23% in fiscal year 2018, and 23% in fiscal year 2017.

The level of U.S. defense spending is subject to periodic congressional authorization and appropriation actions and is subject to change at any time. The mix of programs to which such funding is allocated is also uncertain, and the level of U.S defense spending may be impacted by numerous factors out of our control such as the political environment, U.S. foreign policy, and macroeconomic conditions. We can provide no assurance that an increase in defense spending will be allocated to programs that would benefit our business. If the amount of spending were to decrease, or there were a shift from certain aerospace and defense programs on which we have content to other programs on which we do not, our sales could decrease. In addition, one or more of the aerospace or defense programs that we currently support could be phased-out or terminated. Any such reductions in U.S. Government needs under these existing aerospace and defense programs, unless offset by other aerospace and defense programs and opportunities, could have a material adverse effect on our sales.

The U.S. Government participates in a wide variety of operations, including homeland defense, counterinsurgency, counterterrorism, and other defense-related operations that employ our products and services. U.S. defense spending has historically been cyclical in nature, and defense budgets tend to rise when perceived threats to national security increase the level of concern over the country’s safety. The U.S. Government continues to adjust its funding priorities in response to changes in the perceived threat environment, the political environment, and changes in budgetary priorities. In addition, defense spending currently faces pressures due to the overall economic and political environment, budget deficits, and competing budget priorities. A decrease in U.S. Government defense spending or changes in the spending allocation could result in one or more of our programs being reduced, delayed, or terminated.

Shifts in domestic and international spending and tax policy, changes in security, defense, and intelligence priorities, changes in government budget appropriations, general and political economic conditions and developments, and other factors may affect a decision to fund, or the level of funding for, existing or proposed programs. If the priorities of the U.S. Government change and/or defense spending is reduced, this may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our business may be adversely affected by government contracting risks.

Our contracts with the U.S. Government are subject to certain unique risks, including the risks set forth below, some of which are beyond our control, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our U.S. Government contracts and the U.S. Government contracts of our customers are subject to modification, curtailment or termination by the government, either for the convenience of the government or for default as a result of a failure by us or our customers to perform under the applicable contract. If any of our contracts are terminated by the U.S. Government, our backlog would be reduced, in accordance with contract terms, by the expected value of the remaining work under such contracts. In addition, we are not the prime contractor on most of our contracts for supply to the U.S. Government, and the U.S. Government could terminate a prime contract under which we are a subcontractor, irrespective of the quality of our products and services as a subcontractor.

We must comply with procurement laws and regulations relating to the formation, administration and performance of our U.S. Government contracts and the U.S. Government contracts of our customers. The U.S. Government may change procurement laws and regulations from time to time. A violation of U.S. Government procurement laws or regulations, a change in U.S. Government procurement laws and regulations, or a termination arising out of our default could expose us to liability, debarment, or suspension and could have an adverse effect on our ability to compete for future contracts and orders.

We are subject to government inquiries, audits and investigations due to our business relationships with the U.S. Government and the heavily regulated industries in which we do business. In addition, our contract costs are subject to audits by the U.S. Government. U.S. Government agencies, including the Defense Contract Audit Agency and the Defense Contract Management Agency, routinely audit government contractors and subcontractors. These

agencies review our performance under contracts, cost structure and compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and standards, as well as the adequacy of and our compliance with our internal control systems and policies. Any costs found to be misclassified or inaccurately allocated to a specific contract would be deemed non-reimbursable, and to the extent already reimbursed, would be refunded. Any inadequacies in our systems and policies could result in withholds on billed receivables, penalties and reduced future business. Any inquiries or investigations, including those related to our contract pricing, could potentially result in civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, fines, suspension, and/or debarment from participating in future business opportunities with the U.S. Government. Such actions could harm our reputation, even if such allegations are later determined to be unfounded, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Product liability claims, product recalls or other liabilities associated with the products and services we provide may force us to pay substantial damage awards and other expenses that could exceed our accruals and insurance coverage.

The manufacture and sale of our products and the services we provide expose us to risks of product and other tort claims, and any resulting liability. We currently have and have had in the past product liability claims relating to our products, and we will likely be subject to additional product liability claims in the future for past, current and future products. Some of these claims may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We also provide certain services to our customers and are subject to claims with respect to the services provided. In providing such services, we may rely on subcontractors to perform all or a portion of the contracted services. It is possible that we could be liable to our customers for work performed by a subcontractor. Regardless of the outcome, product liability claims can be expensive to defend, can divert the attention of management and other personnel for significant periods of time, and can cause reputational damage. While we believe that we have appropriate insurance coverage available to us related to any such claims, our insurance may not cover all liabilities or be available in the future at a cost acceptable to us. An unsuccessful result in connection with a product liability claim, where the liabilities are not covered by insurance or for which indemnification or other recovery is not available, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Suppliers may be unable to provide us with materials of sufficient quality or quantity required to meet our production needs at favorable prices or at all.

We are dependent upon suppliers for parts and raw materials used in the manufacture of components that we sell to our customers, and our raw material costs are subject to commodity market fluctuations. We may experience an increase in costs for parts or raw materials that we source from our suppliers, or we may experience a shortage of parts or raw materials for various reasons, such as the loss of a significant supplier, high overall demand creating shortages in parts and supplies we use, financial distress, work stoppages, natural disasters, fluctuations in commodity prices, the imposition of tariffs or other duties, or production or distribution difficulties that may affect one or more of our suppliers. In particular, current or future global economic uncertainty may affect the financial stability of our key suppliers or their access to financing, which may in turn affect their ability to perform their obligations to us. In some instances, we depend upon a single source of supply, manufacturing, or logistics support or participate in commodity markets that may be subject to allocations of limited supplies by suppliers. If one or more of our suppliers experiences financial difficulties, delivery delays or other performance problems, we may be unable to meet commitments to our customers or incur additional costs. Our customers rely on us to provide on-time delivery and have certain rights if our delivery standards are not maintained. We believe our supply management and production practices are based on an appropriate balancing of the foreseeable risks and the costs of alternative practices. Nonetheless, a significant increase in our supply costs, including for raw materials that are subject to commodity price fluctuations and the imposition of tariffs, or a protracted interruption of supplies for any reason, could result in the delay of one or more of our customer contracts or could damage our reputation and relationships with customers. In addition, quality and sourcing issues that our suppliers may experience can also adversely affect the quality and effectiveness of our products and services and may result in liability or reputational harm to us. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Subcontractors may fail to perform contractual obligations or we may have disputes with subcontractors, which would adversely affect our ability to meet our obligations to our customers.

We frequently subcontract portions of work due under contracts with our customers and are dependent on the continued availability and satisfactory performance by these subcontractors. Nonperformance or underperformance by subcontractors could materially impact our ability to perform obligations to our customers. A subcontractor’s failure to perform could result in a customer terminating our contract for default, expose us to liability, substantially impair our ability to compete for future contracts and orders, and limit our ability to enforce fully all of our rights under these agreements, including any rights to indemnification. In addition, we may have disputes with our subcontractors, including disputes regarding the quality and

timeliness of work performed by the subcontractor, customer concerns about the subcontractor, our failure to extend existing task orders or issue new task orders under a subcontract, or our hiring of personnel of a subcontractor. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

We may be unable to successfully execute or effectively integrate acquisitions, and divestitures may not occur as planned.

As part of our business strategy, we may pursue acquisitions of other companies and assets. For example, in fiscal year 2018, we acquired Woodward L’Orange. The success of these transactions will depend on, among other things, our ability to integrate assets and personnel acquired in these transactions and to apply our internal controls process to these acquired businesses. The integration of these acquisitions may require significant attention from our management, and the diversion of management’s attention and resources could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manage our business. In addition, we may incur unanticipated costs or expenses following an acquisition, including post-closing asset impairment charges, expenses associated with eliminating duplicate facilities, and other liabilities.

The success of our acquisitions is subject to risk, including, among others, the following:

failure to realize expected technological and product synergies, economies of scale and cost reductions;

unforeseen expenses, delays or conditions related to the acquisitions, including those due to regulations;

the assumption of unexpected liabilities or the exposure to unexpected penalties or other enforcement actions;

adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers, including delays or cancellations of customer purchases, as well as revenue attrition in excess of anticipated levels if existing customers alter or reduce their historical buying patterns;

risks associated with entering into markets in which Woodward has limited or no prior experience, including potentially less visibility into demand;

inaccurate assumptions that may have been or may be made regarding the acquired business or the integration process;

financial and operational results that may differ materially from our assumptions and forecasts;

unforeseen difficulties that may arise in integrating operations, processes and systems;

higher than expected investments that may be required to implement necessary compliance processes and related systems, including information technology systems, accounting systems and internal controls over financial reporting;

fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates that may impact the agreed upon purchase price;

the failure to retain, motivate and integrate key management and other employees of the acquired business;

higher than expected costs that may arise due to unforeseen changes in tax, trade, environmental, labor, safety, payroll or pension policies in any jurisdiction in which the acquired business conducts its operations; and

problems that we may experience in retaining customers and integrating customer bases.

Many of these factors are outside of our control and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues, and diversion of management’s time and attention. Furthermore, we may not realize the degree or timing of benefits we anticipate when we first enter into these transactions. Failure to implement our acquisition strategy, including successfully integrating acquired businesses, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

We also may make strategic divestitures from time to time. These transactions may result in continued financial involvement in the divested businesses, such as through guarantees or other financial arrangements, following the transaction. Nonperformance by those divested businesses could affect our future financial results through additional payment obligations, higher costs or asset write-downs, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

We have engaged in restructuring and alignment activities from time to time and may need to implement further restructurings or alignments in the future, and there can be no assurance that our restructuring or alignment efforts will have the intended effects.

From time to time, we have responded to changes in our industry and the markets we serve, or other changes in our business, by restructuring or aligning our operations. In fiscal year 2018, we announced a restructuring plan and incurred workforce management costs primarily in connection with our decision to relocate our Duarte, California operations to our newly renovated Drake Campus in Fort Collins, Colorado. Historically, our restructuring activities have included workforce management and other restructuring charges related to acquired businesses, including, among others, changes associated with integrating similar operations, managing our workforce, vacating or consolidating certain facilities and cancelling certain

contracts. Due to cost reduction measures or changes in the industry and markets in which we compete, we may decide to implement restructuring or alignment activities in the future, such as closing plants, moving production lines, or making additions, reductions or other changes to our management or workforce. These restructuring and/or alignment activities generally result in charges and expenditures that may adversely affect our financial results for one or more periods.

Restructuring and/or alignment activities can create unanticipated consequences, such as instability or distraction among our workforce, and we cannot be sure that any restructuring or alignment efforts that we undertake will be successful. A variety of risks could cause us not to realize expected cost savings, including, among others, the following:

higher than expected severance costs related to staff reductions;

higher than expected costs of closing plants;

higher than expected retention costs for employees that will be retained;

higher costs to hire new employees or delays or difficulty hiring the employees needed;

higher than expected stand-alone overhead expenses;

higher than expected operating costs associated with moving production lines;

delays in the anticipated timing of activities related to our cost-saving plan; and

other unexpected costs associated with operating the business.

If we are unable to structure our operations in the light of evolving market conditions, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

We operate in a highly competitive industry and, if we are unable to compete effectively in one or more of our markets, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We face intense competition from a number of established competitors in the United States and abroad, some of which are larger in size or are divisions of large diversified companies with substantially greater financial resources. In addition, global competition continues to increase. Companies compete on the basis of providing products that meet the needs of customers, as well as on the basis of price, quality, reliability, design and engineering capabilities, innovation, conformity to customers' specifications, timeliness of delivery, effectiveness of the distribution organization, and quality of customer support after the sale. Changes in competitive conditions, including the availability of new products and services, the introduction of new channels of distribution, and changes in OEM and aftermarket pricing, could impact our relationships with our customers and may adversely affect future sales, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Further, the markets in which we operate experience rapidly changing technologies and frequent introductions of new products and services. The technological expertise we have developed and maintained could become less valuable if a competitor were to develop a breakthrough technology that would allow it to match or exceed the performance of existing technologies at a lower cost. If we are unable to develop competitive technologies, future sales or earnings could be lower than expected, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

In all of our markets, customers frequently develop new supply chain initiatives and/or sourcing models which could create new opportunities, but also could apply pressure to our customer relationships and/or strategic position with those customers.

Our participation in a strategic joint venture with GE may make it more difficult to secure long-term sales in certain aerospace markets.

In January 2016, Woodward and General Electric Company (“GE”), acting through its GE Aviation business unit, consummated the formation of a strategic joint venture between Woodward and GE (the “JV”). The JV agreement does not restrict Woodward from entering into any market, however, consolidation in the aircraft engine market is increasingly prevalent, resulting in fewer engine manufacturers, and thus it may become more difficult for Woodward to secure new business with GE competitors on similar product applications both within and outside the specific JV market space. Additionally, if GE fails to win new content in the market space covered by the JV, Woodward may be prevented from expanding content on future commercial aircraft engines in those markets.

Industry consolidation trends could reduce our sales opportunities, decrease sales prices, and drive down demand for our products.

There has been consolidation and there may be further consolidation in the aerospace, power, and process industries. The consolidation in these industries has resulted in customers with vertically integrated operations, including increased in-sourcing capabilities, which may result in economies of scale for those companies. If our customers continue to seek to

control more aspects of vertically integrated projects, cost pressures resulting in further integration or industry consolidation could reduce our sales opportunities, decrease sales prices, and drive down demand for our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

We may not be able to obtain financing, on acceptable terms or at all, to implement our business plans, complete acquisitions, or otherwise take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures.

During the last several years, global financial markets, including the credit and debt and equity capital markets, and economic conditions have been volatile. These issues, along with significant write-offs in the financial services sector, the re-pricing of credit risk, and the global economic uncertainty, have in the past made, and may in the future make, it difficult to obtain financing. In addition, as a result of concerns about the stability of financial markets generally and the solvency of counterparties specifically, the cost of obtaining money from the credit markets may increase as many lenders and institutional investors have or may increase interest rates, enact tighter lending standards, refuse to refinance existing debt at maturity either at all or on terms similar to existing debt, and reduce and, in some cases, cease to provide financing to borrowers. Due to these factors, we cannot be certain that financing, to the extent needed, will be available on acceptable terms or at all. If financing is not available when needed, or is available only on unacceptable terms, we may be unable to implement our business plans, complete acquisitions, fund significant capital expenditures, or otherwise take advantage of business opportunities or respond to competitive pressures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our debt obligations and the restrictive covenants in the agreements governing our debt could limit our ability to operate our business or pursue our business strategies, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, and could significantly reduce stockholder benefits from a change of control event.

As of September 30, 2019, our total debt was $1,084,999, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs and including $262,297 of borrowings on our revolving credit facility, of which $220,000 was classified as current and $42,297 was classified as noncurrent, $650,000 in unsecured notes denominated in U.S. dollars issued in private placements and $175,080 of unsecured notes denominated in Euros issued in private placements. Our debt obligations could require us to dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, reducing the availability of our cash flow for other purposes, including business development efforts and mergers and acquisitions. We are contractually obligated under the agreements governing our long-term debt to make principal payments of $0 in fiscal year 2020, $100,000 in fiscal year 2021, $0 in fiscal year 2022, $0 in fiscal year 2023, $75,000 in fiscal year 2024, and the remaining $650,080 in subsequent fiscal years. Interest on our long-term notes is payable semi-annually, with the exception of the Series J Notes which is payable quarterly, each year until all principal is paid. Our debt obligations could make us more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions and could limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industries in which we operate, thereby placing us at a disadvantage to our competitors that have less indebtedness.

Our existing revolving credit facility and note purchase agreements impose financial covenants on us and our subsidiaries that require us to maintain certain leverage ratios and minimum levels of consolidated net worth. Certain of these agreements require us to repay outstanding borrowings with portions of the proceeds we receive from certain sales of property or assets and specified future debt offerings.

These financial covenants place certain restrictions on our business that may affect our ability to execute our business strategy successfully or take other actions that we believe would be in the best interests of our Company. These restrictions include limitations or restrictions, among other things, on our ability and the ability of our subsidiaries to:

incur additional indebtedness;

pay dividends or make distributions on our capital stock or certain other restricted payments or investments;

purchase or redeem stock;

issue stock of our subsidiaries;

make domestic and foreign investments and extend credit;

engage in transactions with affiliates;

transfer and sell assets;

effect a consolidation or merger or sell, transfer, lease, or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and

create liens on our assets to secure debt.

These agreements contain certain customary events of default, including certain cross-default provisions related to other outstanding debt arrangements. Any breach of the covenants under these agreements or other event of default could cause a default under these agreements and/or a cross-default under our other debt arrangements, which could restrict our ability to borrow under our revolving credit facility.  If there were an event of default under certain provisions of our debt

arrangements that was not cured or waived, the holders of the defaulted debt may be able to cause all amounts outstanding with respect to the debt instrument, plus any required settlement costs, to be due and payable immediately. Our assets and cash flow may not be sufficient to fully repay borrowings under our outstanding debt instruments if accelerated upon an event of default.  If we are unable to repay, refinance, or restructure our indebtedness as required, or amend the covenants contained in these agreements, the lenders or note holders may be entitled to obtain a lien or institute foreclosure proceedings against our assets.  Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

The Company, at its option, is permitted at any time to prepay all or any part of the then-outstanding principal amount of any series of our private placement notes, together with interest accrued on such amount to be prepaid to the date of prepayment, plus any applicable prepayment compensation amount.  The prepayment compensation amount for the Euro denominated private placement notes includes any net gain or loss realized by the lenders on swap transactions entered into by the lenders under which the lenders would receive payment in U.S. dollars in exchange for scheduled Euro payments of principal and interest on the Euro denominated private placement notes by the Company to the lenders, adjusted for theoretical lender returns foregone on hypothetical reinvestments in U.S. Treasury securities.  However, in the case of an event of default as defined in the loan documents, including a change in control event, the prepayment compensation amount will not be less than zero.  Depending on the movement of foreign exchange rates over the terms of the Euro denominated private placement notes, such payments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows and could significantly reduce stockholder benefits from a change of control event.

Additional tax expense or additional tax exposures could affect our future profitability.

Approximately 34%, in fiscal year 2019, and 17%, in fiscal year 2018, of our earnings before income taxes was earned in jurisdictions outside the United States. Accordingly, we are subject to income taxes in both the United States and jurisdictions outside of the United States.  Our tax liabilities are dependent upon the distribution mix of operating income among these different jurisdictions. Our tax expense includes estimates of additional tax that may be incurred and reflects various estimates, projections, and assumptions that could impact the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. Our future operating results could be adversely affected by changes in the effective tax rate, which could be caused by, among other things:

changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates;

changes in our overall profitability;

changes in rules or interpretations of existing tax laws;

changes in U.S. federal tax legislation and tax rates;

changes in state or non-U.S. government tax legislation and tax rates, particularly in response to the “The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” enacted in December 2017 (the “Tax Act”);

changes in tax incentives;

changes in U.S. GAAP;

changes in the projected realization of deferred tax assets and liabilities;

changes in management’s assessment of the amount of earnings indefinitely reinvested offshore;

changes in management’s intentions regarding the amount of earnings reinvested offshore; and

the results of audits and examinations of previously filed tax returns and continuing assessments of our tax exposures.

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from sales to countries outside the United States and purchase raw materials and components from suppliers outside of the United States; therefore, we are subject to the risks inherent in doing business in other countries.

In fiscal year 2019, approximately 44% of our total sales were made to customers in jurisdictions outside of the United States (including products manufactured in the United States and sold outside the United States as well as products manufactured in international locations), including approximately 9% of our total sales to Brazil, Russia, India and China, known as the “BRIC” countries. We also purchase raw materials and components from suppliers outside the United States.

Accordingly, our business and results of operations are subject to risks associated with doing business internationally, including:

fluctuations in foreign exchange rates;

limitations on repatriation of earnings;

transportation delays and interruptions;

political, social and economic instability and disruptions;

government embargos or trade restrictions;

the imposition of taxes, import and export controls, duties and tariffs, embargoes, sanctions and other trade barriers;

changes in labor conditions;

changes in regulatory environments;

the potential for nationalization of enterprises;

difficulties in staffing and managing multi-national operations;

limitations on the Company’s ability to enforce legal rights and remedies, including protection of intellectual property;

difficulty of enforcing agreements and collecting receivables through some foreign legal systems;

acts of terrorism or war;

potentially adverse tax consequences; and

difficulties in implementing restructuring actions on a timely basis.

The imposition of tariffs can have significant implications on the cost and supply of certain commodities used in both of our reporting segments. Over the longer term, if tariffs were to remain in place, there could be significant impact on costs and our ability to pass increased costs along to our customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We are also subject to U.S. laws prohibiting companies from doing business in certain countries, or restricting the type of business that may be conducted in these countries. The cost of compliance with increasingly complex and often conflicting regulations governing various matters worldwide, including foreign investment, employment, import, export, business acquisitions, environmental and taxation matters, land use rights, property, and other matters, can also impair our flexibility in modifying product, marketing, pricing or other strategies for growing our businesses, as well as our ability to improve productivity and maintain acceptable operating margins. We must also comply with restrictions on exports imposed under the U.S. Export Control Laws and Sanctions Programs. These laws and regulations change from time to time and may restrict foreign sales.

In fiscal year 2019, our operations in China contributed to approximately 7% of our total net sales. Certain of our independent registered public accounting firm’s audit documentation related to their audit report, included in this annual report, may be located in China. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) currently cannot inspect audit documentation located in China and, as such, prevents the PCAOB from regularly evaluating audit work of any auditors that was performed in China, including that performed by our independent auditors in China. As a result, investors may be deprived of the full benefits of PCAOB oversight of our global audits via their inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of audit work performed in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our Chinese independent auditor’s audit procedures as compared to auditors in other jurisdictions that are subject to PCAOB inspections on all of their work.

Sales and purchases in currencies other than the U.S. dollar expose us to fluctuations in foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar. These exposures may change over time as our business and business practices evolve, and they could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and cash flows.  An increase in the value of the U.S. dollar could increase the real cost to our customers of our products in those markets outside the United States where we sell in U.S. dollars, and a weakened U.S. dollar could increase the cost of local operating expenses and procurement of raw materials to the extent that we must purchase components in foreign currencies.  Foreign currency exchange rate risk is reduced through several means, including the maintenance of local production facilities in the markets served, invoicing of customers in the same currency as the source of the products, and prompt settlement of inter-company balances utilizing a global netting system.  While we monitor our exchange rate exposures and seek to reduce the risk of volatility, our actions may not be successful in significantly mitigating such volatility.

Of the $99,073 of cash and cash equivalents held at September 30, 2019, $92,790 was held by our foreign locations. We are not presently aware of any significant restrictions on the repatriation of these funds, although a portion is considered indefinitely reinvested in these foreign subsidiaries. If these funds were needed to fund our operations or satisfy obligations in the United States, then they could be repatriated and their repatriation into the United States may cause us to incur

additional U.S. income taxes or foreign withholding taxes. Any additional U.S. taxes could be offset, in whole or in part, by foreign tax credits. The amount of such taxes and application of tax credits would be dependent on the income tax laws and other circumstances at the time these amounts are repatriated. Based on these variables, it is impractical to determine the income tax liability that might be incurred if these funds were to be repatriated. The additional uncertainty associated with the Tax Act increases the impracticality of determining this income tax liability.

In addition, uncertain global economic conditions arising from circumstances such as slowing growth in emerging regions could result in reduced customer confidence and decreased demand for our products and services, disruption in payment patterns and higher default rates, a tightening of credit markets, increased risk regarding supplier performance, increased counterparty risk with respect to the financial institutions with which we do business, and exchange rate fluctuations. While we employ comprehensive controls regarding global cash management to guard against cash or investment loss and to ensure our ability to fund our operations and commitments, a material disruption to the financial institutions with whom we transact business could have a material adverse effect on our international operations or on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Political and economic uncertainty in the European Union could adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

Credit rating downgrades in certain European countries and/or speculation regarding changes to the composition or viability of the European Union (“EU”) create uncertain global economic conditions. On June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom (“UK”) voted to leave the EU. The UK’s vote to voluntarily exit from the EU, generally referred to as the “Brexit,” triggered short-term financial volatility, including a decline in the value of the Great Britain Pound (“GBP”) in comparison to both the U.S. dollar (“USD”) and the European Union countries’ Euro (“EUR”). In addition, discussions and negotiations to determine the future terms of the UK’s relationship with the EU are ongoing, and the legal and regulatory framework that will be applicable in the UK may change. Most recently, the EU extended the deadline for Brexit until January 31, 2020. The ongoing uncertainty could have a negative economic impact and result in further volatility in the markets for several years. The impact of the Brexit referendum and such ongoing uncertainty may result in various economic and financial consequences for businesses operating in the UK, the EU and beyond.

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from non-U.S. sales and are subject to the risks inherent in doing business in other countries, including the UK. During fiscal year 2019, approximately 3% of our consolidated net sales were invoiced to customers in the UK through both our Aerospace and Industrial reportable segments. Approximately 25% of our consolidated net sales were invoiced to customers in Europe overall. Woodward and its various subsidiaries hold financial assets and liabilities denominated in GBP and EUR, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, postretirement defined benefit pension plan assets and liabilities, and accounts payable, and the future impacts of the Brexit and the continued uncertainty surrounding the EU could have a material impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.  

Changes in the estimates of fair value of reporting units or of long-lived assets, particularly goodwill, may result in future impairment charges, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Over time, the fair values of long-lived assets change. At September 30, 2019, we had $797,853 of goodwill, representing 20% of our total assets. We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of July 31 of each year and more often if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Based on the relevant U.S. GAAP authoritative guidance, we aggregate components of a single operating segment into a reporting unit, if appropriate. Future goodwill impairment charges may occur if estimates of fair values decrease, which would reduce future earnings. We test our indefinite lived intangible asset on an annual basis and more often if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the indefinite lived intangible asset below its carrying amount. We also test property, plant, and equipment and other intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Future asset impairment charges may occur if asset utilization declines, if customer demand decreases, or for a number of other reasons, which would reduce future earnings. Any such impairment charges could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Impairment charges would also reduce our consolidated stockholders’ equity and increase our debt-to-total-capitalization ratio, which could negatively impact our credit rating and access to the debt and equity markets.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019, we completed our fiscal year 2019 annual goodwill impairment test. In performing the annual goodwill impairment test, we determined it was appropriate to aggregate certain components of the same operating segment into a single reporting unit. The identification of reporting units and consideration of aggregation criteria requires management’s judgment. Further, we use the income approach based on a discounted cash flow method that

incorporates various estimates and assumptions. The results of our fiscal year 2019 annual goodwill impairment test performed as of July 31, 2019 indicated the estimated fair values of each of our reporting units were in excess of their carrying amounts, and accordingly, no impairment existed. There can be no assurance that our estimates and assumptions of the fair value of our reporting units, the current economic environment, or the other inputs used in forecasting the present value of forecasted cash flows used to estimate the fair value of our reporting units will prove to be accurate projections of future performance, and any material error in our estimates and assumptions, could result in us needing to take a material impairment charge, which would have the effects discussed above.

As part of our ongoing monitoring efforts, we will continue to consider the global economic environment and its potential impact on our businesses, as well as other factors, in assessing goodwill and other long-lived assets for possible indications of impairment.

Our manufacturing activities may result in future environmental costs or liabilities.

We use hazardous materials and/or regulated materials in our manufacturing operations. We also own, operate, have acquired, and may in the future acquire facilities that were formerly owned and operated by others that used such materials. The risk that a significant release of regulated materials has occurred in the past or will occur in the future cannot be completely eliminated or prevented. As a result, we are subject to a substantial number of costly regulations. In particular, we are required to comply with increasingly stringent requirements of federal, state, and local environmental, occupational health and safety laws and regulations in the United States, the EU, and other territories, including those governing emissions to air, discharges to water, noise and odor emissions, the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste materials, and the cleanup of contaminated properties and human health and safety. Compliance with these laws and regulations results in ongoing costs and compliance with any future changes in these laws and regulations could result in the incurrence of additional costs. We cannot be certain that we have been, or will at all times be, in complete compliance with all environmental requirements, or that we will not incur additional material costs or liabilities in connection with these requirements. In addition, we may be exposed to other environmental costs such as participation in superfund sites or other similar jurisdictional initiatives.

As a result, we may incur material costs or liabilities or be required to undertake future environmental remediation activities that could damage our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our financial and operating performance depends on continued access to a stable workforce and on favorable labor relations with our employees.

Certain of our operations in the United States and internationally involve different employee/employer relationships and the existence of works’ councils. In addition, approximately 12% of our workforce in the United States is unionized, and is expected to remain unionized for the foreseeable future. Competition for technical personnel in the industries in which we compete is intense. Due to the specialized nature of our business, our future performance is highly dependent upon our ability to maintain a workforce with the requisite skills in multiple areas including engineering, manufacturing, information technology, cybersecurity, business development and strategy, and management. Additionally, as we expand our operations internationally, it is increasingly important to hire and retain personnel with relevant experience in local laws, regulations, customs, traditions and business practices. Our future success depends in part on our continued ability to hire, train, assimilate, and retain qualified personnel. There is no assurance that we will continue to be successful in recruiting qualified employees in the future. Further, we periodically need to renegotiate our collective bargaining agreements, and any failure to negotiate new agreements or extensions in a timely manner could result in work stoppages or slowdowns. Any significant increases in labor costs, deterioration of employee relations, including any conflicts with works’ councils or unions, or slowdowns or work stoppages at any of our locations, whether due to employee turnover, changes in availability of qualified technical personnel, or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our business, our relationships with customers, and our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Failure of our production lines, or those of our subcontractors, to meet required certification standards could disrupt production and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our existing production lines, as well as the production lines of our subcontractors, are sometimes required to pass varying levels of qualification with certain of our customers. Some of our customers require that our production lines pass their specific qualification standards and that we, and any subcontractors that we may use, be registered under or certified to certain U.S. or international quality standards. We may be unable to obtain, maintain, or we may experience delays in obtaining, a certification or registration to a required quality standard. A delay in obtaining, or the failure to obtain a necessary quality certification or registration could result in significant out-of-sequence work and increased production costs,

as well as delayed deliveries to customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our operations and suppliers may be subject to physical and other risks, including natural disasters that could disrupt production and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our operations include principal facilities in the United States, China, Germany, and Poland. In addition, we operate sales and service facilities in Brazil, Bulgaria, India, Japan, the Netherlands, the Republic of Korea and the UK. We also have suppliers for materials and parts inside and outside the United States. Our operations and sources of supply could be disrupted by unforeseen events, including fires, tornadoes, tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods and other forms of severe weather in countries in which we operate or in which our suppliers are located, any of which could adversely affect our operations and financial performance.  Natural disasters, public health concerns, war, political unrest, terrorist activity, equipment failures, power outages, or other unforeseen events could result in physical damage to, and complete or partial closure of, one or more of our manufacturing facilities, or could cause temporary or long-term disruption in the supply of component products from some local and international suppliers, disruption in the transport of our products and significant delays in the shipment of products and the provision of services, which could in turn cause the loss of sales and customers.  Existing insurance arrangements may not provide protection for all of the costs that may arise from such events.  Accordingly, disruption of our operations or the operations of a significant supplier could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our intellectual property rights may not be sufficient to protect all our products or technologies and we may, regardless of intent, infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.

Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain patents or rights to patents, protect trade secrets and know-how, and prevent others from infringing on our patents, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights. We cannot be certain that our pending patent applications will result in the issuance of patents to us, that patents issued to or licensed by us in the past or in the future will not be challenged or circumvented by competitors, or that these patents will be found to be valid or sufficiently broad to preclude our competitors from introducing technologies similar to those covered by our patents and patent applications. Some of our intellectual property is not covered by patents (or patent applications) and includes trade secrets and other know-how that is not patentable or for which we have elected not to seek patent protection, including intellectual property relating to our manufacturing processes and engineering designs. We will be able to protect our intellectual property from unauthorized use by third parties only to the extent that it is covered by valid and enforceable patents, trademarks, licenses or other valid intellectual property rights. Patent protection generally involves complex legal and factual questions and, therefore, enforceability of patent rights cannot be predicted with certainty; thus, any patents that we own or license from others may not provide us with adequate protection against competitors. Moreover, the laws of certain foreign jurisdictions do not recognize intellectual property rights or protect them to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Additionally, our commercial success depends significantly on our ability to operate without infringing upon the patent and other proprietary rights of others. Our current or future technologies may, regardless of our intent, infringe upon the patents or violate other proprietary rights of third parties. In the event of such infringement or violation, we may face expensive litigation or indemnification obligations and may be prevented from selling existing products and pursuing product development or commercialization. If we are unable to sufficiently protect our patent and other proprietary rights or if we infringe on the patent or proprietary rights of others, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

Amounts accrued for contingencies may be inadequate to cover the amount of loss when the matters are ultimately resolved.

In addition to intellectual property and product liability matters, we are currently involved or may become involved in claims, pending or threatened litigation or other legal proceedings, investigations or regulatory proceedings regarding employment or other regulatory, legal, or contractual matters arising in the ordinary course of business. There is no certainty that the results of these matters will be favorable to the Company. We accrue for known individual matters if we believe it is probable that the matter will result in a loss when ultimately resolved using estimates of the most likely amount of loss. There may be additional losses that have not been accrued, or liabilities may exceed our estimates, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

We could be adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws and regulations.

The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and similar anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws and regulations in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or securing an improper business advantage. The FCPA applies to companies, individual directors, officers, employees and agents. Companies also may be held liable for actions taken by strategic or local partners or representatives. The FCPA also imposes accounting standards and requirements on U.S. corporations and their foreign affiliates, which are intended to prevent the diversion of corporate funds to the payment of bribes and other improper payments. Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws. However, we operate in many parts of the world and sell to industries that have experienced corruption to some degree. If we are found to be liable for FCPA or other similar anti-bribery law or regulatory violations, whether due to our or others’ actions or inadvertence, we could be subject to civil and criminal penalties or other sanctions that could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Pension and postretirement benefit obligation funding and expenses are dependent on several economic assumptions, which if changed could require us to make additional and/or unexpected cash contributions to our pension plans, increase the amount of postretirement benefit expenses, affect our liquidity or affect our ability to comply with the terms of our outstanding debt arrangements.

Accounting for retirement, pension and postretirement benefit obligations and related expense requires the use of assumptions, including a weighted-average discount rate, an expected long-term rate of return on assets, a net healthcare cost trend rate, and projected mortality rates, among others. Benefit obligations and benefit costs are sensitive to changes in these assumptions. As a result, assumption changes could result in increases in our obligation amounts and expenses. If interest rates decline, the present value of our postretirement benefit plan liabilities may increase faster than the value of plan assets, resulting in significantly higher unfunded positions in some of our pension plans. As of September 30, 2019, we had $234,133 in invested pension plan assets. Investment losses may result in decreases to our pension plan assets.

Funding estimates are based on certain assumptions, including discount rates, interest rates, mortality, fair value of assets and expected return on plan assets and are subject to changes in government regulations in the countries in which our employees work. Volatility in the financial markets may impact future discount and interest rate assumptions. Significant changes in investment performance or a change in the portfolio mix of invested assets can result in increases or decreases in the valuation of plan assets or in a change of the expected rate of return on plan assets. Also, new accounting standards on fair value measurement may impact the calculation of future funding levels. We periodically review our assumptions, and any such revision can significantly change the present value of future benefits, and in turn, the funded status of our pension plans and the resulting periodic pension expense. Changes in our pension benefit obligations and the related net periodic costs or credits may occur as a result of variances of actual results from our assumptions, and we may be required to make additional cash contributions in the future beyond those which have been estimated.

In addition, our revolving credit facility and note purchase agreements contain continuing covenants and events of default regarding our pension plans, including provisions regarding the unfunded liabilities related to those pension plans. See the discussion above concerning “Our debt obligations and the restrictive covenants in the agreements governing our debt could limit our ability to operate our business or pursue our business strategies, and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.”

To the extent that the present values of benefits incurred for pension obligations are greater than values of the assets supporting those obligations or if we are required to make additional or unexpected contributions to our pension plans for any reason, our ability to comply with the terms of our outstanding debt arrangements, and our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows may be adversely affected.

Our business operations may be adversely affected by information systems interruptions or intrusion.

We are dependent on various information systems throughout our company and third parties to administer, store and support multiple business activities. Furthermore, we may have access to sensitive, confidential or otherwise protected information that may be subject to privacy and security laws and controls. If these systems are damaged, cease to function properly or are subject to cybersecurity attacks, such as unauthorized access, malicious software and other violations, we could experience production downtimes, operational delays, other detrimental impacts on our operations or ability to provide products and services to our customers, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of our systems or networks, financial losses from remedial actions, loss of business or potential liability, and/or damage to our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Cyber-based risks, in particular, are evolving and include, but are not limited to, both attacks on our information technology (“IT”) infrastructure and attacks on the IT infrastructure of third parties (both on premises and in the cloud) attempting to gain unauthorized access to our confidential or other proprietary information, classified information, or information relating to our employees, customers and other third parties. The threats we face vary from attacks common to most industries to more advanced and persistent, highly organized adversaries, including nation states, which target us and other defense contractors because we protect national security information. If we are unable to protect sensitive information, including complying with evolving data privacy regulations, our customers or governmental authorities could question the adequacy of our threat mitigation and detection processes and procedures, and depending on the severity of the incident, our customers’ data, our employees’ data, our intellectual property, and other third party data (such as subcontractors, suppliers and vendors) could be compromised. As a consequence of their persistence, sophistication and volume, we may not be successful in defending against all such attacks. Due to the evolving nature of these security threats and the national security aspects of much of the data we protect, the impact of any future incident cannot be predicted. While we attempt to mitigate these risks by employing a number of measures, including technical security controls, employee training, comprehensive monitoring of our networks and systems, and maintenance of backup and protective systems, our systems, networks, products, solutions and services remain potentially vulnerable to additional known or unknown threats.

Our financial statements are subject to changes in accounting standards that could adversely impact our profitability or financial position.

Our financial statements are subject to the application of U.S. GAAP, which are periodically revised and/or expanded. Accordingly, from time to time, we are required to adopt new or revised accounting standards issued by recognized authoritative bodies, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). Recently, the FASB revised the accounting standards related to revenue recognition and lease accounting. We adopted the new accounting standard related to revenue recognition on October 1, 2018 and adopted the new accounting standard related to lease accounting on October 1, 2019. The impact of accounting pronouncements that have been issued but not yet implemented is disclosed in our annual and quarterly reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q to the extent the impact is known. An assessment of proposed standards is not provided, as such proposals are subject to change through the exposure process and, therefore, their effects on our financial statements cannot be fully assessed at this time. It is possible that future accounting standards we are required to adopt could change the current accounting treatment that we apply to our consolidated financial statements and that such changes could have a material adverse effect on our reported results of operations and financial position. Additionally, any inability by the Company to timely and properly implement such changes could have a material adverse effect on our ability to timely file future financial statements upon adoption of, and in accordance with, such new accounting standards, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and negatively affect our share price.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, and current and potential stockholders may lose confidence in our financial reporting.

We are required by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) to establish and maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting that provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. We are likewise required, on a quarterly basis, to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal controls and to disclose any changes and material weaknesses in those internal controls.

In Part I, Item 4 of our Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 12, 2019, we reported that a particular control deficiency constituted a material weakness in internal controls over financial reporting. We have implemented controls and processes to ensure the financial information included in this Form 10-K is complete and accurate, and in the quarter ended September 30, 2019, we remediated the control deficiency reported in our Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 12, 2019.

Although we believe these controls and processes have strengthened our internal controls over financial reporting and address the concern that gave rise to the material weakness reported in the Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 12, 2019, we cannot be certain that our revised internal control practices will ensure that we maintain adequate internal controls over our financial reporting in future periods. Any failure to maintain such internal controls could adversely impact our ability to report our financial results on a timely and accurate basis. If our financial statements are not accurate, investors may not have a complete understanding of our operations. Likewise, if our financial statements are not filed on a timely basis as required by the SEC and NASDAQ, we could face severe consequences from those authorities. In either case, there could result a material adverse effect on our business. Inferior internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock.

Increasing emission standards that drive certain product sales may be eased or delayed, which could reduce our competitive advantage.

We sell components and systems that have been designed to meet strict emission standards, including standards that have not yet been implemented but are expected to be implemented soon. If these emission standards are eased, developed products may become unnecessary and/or our future sales could be lower as potential customers select alternative products or delay adoption of our products, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Natural gas prices may increase significantly and disproportionately to other sources of fuels used for power generation, which could reduce our sales and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Commercial producers of electricity use many of our components and systems, most predominately in their power plants that use natural gas as their fuel source. Commercial producers of electricity are often in a position to manage the use of different power plant facilities and make decisions based on operating costs. Compared to other sources of fuels used for power generation, natural gas prices have increased slower than fuel oil, but about the same as coal. This increase in natural gas prices and any future increases, whether in absolute dollars or relative to other fuel costs such as oil, could impact the sales mix of our components and systems, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Long-term reduced commodity prices for oil, natural gas, and other minerals may depress the markets for certain of our products and services, particularly those from our Industrial segment.

Many of our Industrial segment OEM and aftermarket customers and our Aerospace segment rotorcraft product lines’ customers provide goods and services that support various industrial extraction activities, including mining, oil and gas exploration and extraction, and transportation of raw materials from extraction sites to refineries and/or processing facilities. Long-term lower prices for commodities such as oil, natural gas, gold, tin, and various other minerals could reduce exploration activities and place downward pressure on demand for our goods and services that support exploration and extraction activities.

Changes in government subsidy programs and regulatory requirements may result in decreased demand for our products.

The U.S. Government, as well as various foreign governments, provide for various stimulus programs or subsidies, such as grants, loan guarantees and tax incentives, relating to renewable energy, alternative energy, energy efficiency and electric power infrastructure. Some of these programs have expired, which may affect the economic feasibility or timing of future projects. Additionally, while a significant amount of stimulus funds and subsidies are available to support various projects, we cannot predict the timing and scope of any investments to be made by our customers under stimulus funding and subsidies or whether stimulus funding and subsidies will result in increased demand for our products. Investments for renewable energy, alternative energy and electric power infrastructure under stimulus programs and subsidies may not occur, may be less than anticipated or may be delayed, any of which would negatively impact demand for our products.

Other current and potential regulatory initiatives may not result in increased demand for our products. It is not certain whether existing regulatory requirements will create sufficient incentives for new projects, when or if proposed regulatory requirements will be enacted, or whether any potentially beneficial provisions will be included in the regulatory requirement.

Uncertainty with respect to government subsidy programs and regulatory requirements could cause decreased demand for our products as investments are delayed or become economically unfeasible, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Our stock price may fluctuate and the historic market price of our common stock may not be indicative of future market prices.

The market price of our common stock has fluctuated over time. Stock markets in general have experienced extreme price and volume volatility particularly over the past few years. The trading price of our common stock ranged from a high of $119.20 per share to a low of $68.40 per share during the twelve months ended September 30, 2019. The following factors, among others, could cause the price of our common stock in the public market to fluctuate significantly:

general economic conditions, particularly in the aerospace, power generation and process and transportation industries;

variations in our quarterly results of operation and whether or not we meet our guidance or the expectations of analysts and investors;

a change in sentiment in the market regarding our operations or business prospects or the prospects of our competitors and the markets in which we operate;

the addition or departure of key personnel; and

announcements by us or our competitors of new business, acquisitions or joint ventures.

Fluctuations in our stock price often occur without regard to specific operating performance. The price of our common stock could fluctuate based upon the above factors or other factors, including those that have little to do with our company, and these fluctuations could be material.

The typical daily trading volume of our common stock may affect an investor’s ability to sell significant stock holdings in the future without negatively affecting stock price.

As of September 30, 2019, we had 72,960 shares of common stock issued, of which 11,040 shares were held as treasury shares. In addition, stockholders who each own 5% or greater of our shares hold a total of approximately 22% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2019, the average daily trading volume of our stock was approximately 353 shares. While the level of trading activity will vary each day, our typical daily trading volume is relatively low and represents only a small percentage of total shares of stock outstanding. As a result, a stockholder who sells a significant number of shares of stock in a short period of time could negatively affect our share price.

Certain anti-takeover provisions of our charter documents and under Delaware law could discourage or prevent others from acquiring our company.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that:

provide for a classified board;

provide that directors may be removed only for cause by holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of common stock;

authorize our board of directors to fill vacant directorships or to increase or decrease the size of our board of directors;

permit us to issue, without stockholder approval, up to 10,000 shares of preferred stock, in one or more series and, with respect to each series, to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of the series;

require special meetings of stockholders to be called by holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of common stock;

prohibit stockholders from acting by written consent;

require advance notice for stockholder proposals and nominations for election to the board of directors to be acted upon at meetings of stockholders; and

require the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of our common stock for amendments to our certificate of incorporation and certain business combinations, including mergers, consolidations, sales of all or substantially all of our assets or dissolution.

In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law limits business combinations with owners of more than 15% of our stock that have not been approved by the board of directors. These provisions and other similar provisions make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us without negotiation. Our board of directors could choose not to negotiate a potential acquisition that it does not believe to be in our best interest. Accordingly, the potential acquirer could be discouraged from offering to acquire us, or could be prevented by the anti-takeover measures, from successfully completing a hostile acquisition.

Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2Properties

Our principal plants are as follows:

United States

Fort Collins, Colorado (two plants) – Corporate headquarters and Aerospace and Industrial segment manufacturing and engineering

Greenville, South Carolina (leased) –Industrial segment manufacturing and Aerospace and Industrial segments engineering

Loveland, Colorado –Industrial segment manufacturing and Aerospace and Industrial segments engineering

Niles, Illinois – Aerospace segment manufacturing and engineering

Rockford, Illinois (two plants) – Aerospace segment manufacturing and engineering

Santa Clarita, California – Aerospace segment manufacturing and engineering

Zeeland, Michigan – Aerospace segment manufacturing and engineering

Other Countries

Aken, Germany (leased) –Industrial segment manufacturing and engineering

Glatten, Germany – Industrial segment manufacturing

Kempen, Germany – Industrial segment manufacturing and engineering

Krakow, Poland – Industrial segment manufacturing and Aerospace and Industrial segments engineering

Stuttgart, Germany – (two plants; one leased) Industrial segment engineering

Tianjin, Peoples’ Republic of China (leased) –Industrial segment assembly

In addition to the principal plants listed above, we own or lease other facilities used primarily for sales, service activities, assembly, and/or engineering activities in Brazil, Bulgaria, China, India, Japan, the Netherlands, the Republic of Korea, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States.

During fiscal year 2019, the Company finalized the relocation of its Duarte, California Aerospace segment manufacturing and engineering operations to the Company’s newly renovated Drake Campus in Fort Collins, Colorado. There are currently no operations in the Duarte, California facility, and the sale of the plant and related property is expected to close by March 31, 2020.

Our principal plants are suitable and adequate for the manufacturing and other activities performed at those plants, and we believe our utilization levels are generally high.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Woodward is currently involved in claims, pending or threatened litigation or other legal proceedings, investigations and/or regulatory proceedings arising in the normal course of business, including, among others, those relating to product liability claims, employment matters, worker’s compensation claims, contractual disputes, product warranty claims and alleged violations of various laws and regulations. Woodward accrues for known individual matters using estimates of the most likely amount of loss where it believes that it is probable the matter will result in a loss when ultimately resolved and such loss is reasonably estimable.

While the outcome of pending claims, legal and regulatory proceedings, and investigations cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that any liabilities that may result from these claims, proceedings and investigations will not have a material effect on Woodward's liquidity, financial condition, or results of operations.

Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Global Select Market and is traded under the symbol “WWD.” At November 22, 2019, there were approximately 900 holders of record.

Performance Graph

The following graph compares the cumulative 10-year total return to stockholders on our common stock relative to the cumulative total returns of the S&P Midcap 400 index and the S&P Industrials index. The graph shows total stockholder return assuming an investment of $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) was made on September 30, 2009 in our common stock and in each of the two indexes and tracks relative performance through September 30, 2019. We have used a period of 10 years as we believe that our stock performance should be reviewed over a period that is reflective of our long-term business cycle.

The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance

Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Item 6.Selected Financial Data

The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes which appear in “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Form 10-K.

Notes:

1.Woodward adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all subsequently issued supplemental and/or clarifying ASUs related to ASU 2014-09 (collectively “ASC 606”) on October 1, 2018 and elected the modified retrospective transition method. The results for periods prior to fiscal year 2019 were not adjusted for the new standard and the cumulative effect of the change in accounting of $38,745 was recognized as a net increase to retained earnings at the date of adoption.

2.On June 1, 2018, Woodward and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Woodward Aken GmbH acquired from Rolls-Royce PLC all of the outstanding shares of stock of L’Orange GmbH, together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries in China and Germany, as well as all of the outstanding equity interests of its affiliate, Fluid Mechanics LLC, and their related operations (collectively, “L’Orange” and subsequent to acquisition, "Woodward L'Orange"). As Woodward L'Orange was acquired during the third quarter of fiscal year 2018, net sales for fiscal year 2019 included sales of $332,009 from Woodward L'Orange and net sales for fiscal year 2018 included $102,905 of sales from Woodward L'Orange during the period June 1, 2018 through September 30, 2018.

3.In fiscal year 2018, Woodward recorded restructuring charges, net of tax, totaling $12,674, the majority of which relate to the Company’s decision to relocate its Duarte, California operations to the Company’s newly renovated Drake Campus in Fort Collins, Colorado. The remaining restructuring charges recognized during the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 consist of workforce management costs related to aligning the Company’s industrial turbomachinery business with current market conditions.

4.In fiscal year 2019, Woodward recorded total charges, net of tax, of $44,286 related to (i) move costs associated with the relocation of our Duarte, California operations to the Company’s newly renovated Drake Campus in Fort Collins, Colorado ("Duarte move related costs"), (ii) the purchase accounting impacts related to the amortization of the Woodward L'Orange backlog intangible, and (iii) charges associated with the impairment of accounts receivable, inventory and certain other assets in connection with the insolvency of Senvion, a significant customer of the Company's renewables business.

5.In fiscal year 2018, Woodward recorded total charges, net of tax, of $42,018 related to (i) Duarte move related costs (ii) the purchase accounting impacts recognized in cost of goods sold related to the revaluation of the Woodward L’Orange inventory and the amortization of the backlog intangible, (iii) the transaction and integration costs associated with the acquisition of Woodward L'Orange, (iv) cost associated with an at-the-money-forward option, (v) warranty and indemnity insurance costs associated with the acquisition of Woodward L’Orange, and (vi) German real estate transfer tax costs associated with the acquisition of Woodward L’Orange.

6.In fiscal year 2016, Woodward recorded special charges, net of tax, totaling approximately $10,478 related to its efforts to consolidate facilities, reduce costs and address current market conditions.

7.In fiscal year 2019, Woodward recognized a tax expense of $10,588, or $0.17 per basic and diluted share, related to final regulations issued by the Internal Revenue Service that modified the one-time repatriation tax on deferred foreign income computation required by the change in U.S. tax regulation in December 2017. In fiscal year 2018, Woodward recognized a tax expense of $10,860, or $0.18 and $0.17 per basic and diluted share, respectively, related to the transition impacts of the change in U.S. tax legislation in December 2017. In fiscal year 2016, Woodward recognized a tax benefit of $6,500, or $0.10 per basic and diluted share, related to the retroactive impact of the permanent reinstatement of the U.S. research and experimentation credit (“R&E Credit”) pertaining to fiscal year 2015. In fiscal year 2015, Woodward recognized a tax benefit of $5,818, or $0.09 per basic and diluted share, related to the retroactive impact of the reinstatement of the R&E Credit pertaining to fiscal year 2014.

8.Interest expense for fiscal years 2018 and 2017 includes an increase of $8,695 and $8,209, respectively, due to the impact of retrospectively applying Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-07, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost." The interest cost component of net periodic benefit costs included in interest expense for fiscal year 2019 was $9,444.

9.In addition to the use of cash on hand, to finance the acquisition of L’Orange, in May 2018 Woodward issued an aggregate principal amount of $400,000 of senior unsecured notes in a series of private placement transactions and borrowed $167,420 under its existing revolving credit agreement.

10.On January 4, 2016, Woodward and General Electric Company (“GE”), acting through its GE Aviation business unit, consummated the formation of a strategic joint venture between Woodward and GE (the “JV”). Woodward determined that the JV formation was not the culmination of an earnings event because Woodward has significant performance obligations to support the future operations of the JV. Therefore, Woodward recorded the $250,000 consideration received from GE for its purchase of a 50% equity interest in the JV as deferred income. The $250,000 deferred income will be recognized as an increase to net sales in proportion to revenue realized on sales of applicable fuel systems within the scope of the JV in a particular period as a percentage of total revenue expected to be realized by Woodward over the estimated remaining lives of the underlying commercial aircraft engine programs assigned to the JV. Total liabilities include $238,905 as of September 30, 2019, $242,387 as of September 30, 2018, $243,347 as of September 30, 2017, and $244,739 as of September 30, 2016 of unamortized deferred income realized related to the JV.

Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

OVERVIEW

Woodward enhances the global quality of life and sustainability by optimizing energy use through improved efficiency and lower emissions. We are an independent designer, manufacturer, and service provider of control solutions for the aerospace and industrial markets. We design, produce and service reliable, efficient, low-emission, and high-performance energy control products for diverse applications in challenging environments. We have production and assembly facilities in the United States, Europe and Asia, and promote our products and services through our worldwide locations.

Our strategic focus is providing energy control and optimization solutions for the aerospace and industrial markets. The precise and efficient control of energy, including motion, fluid, combustion and electrical energy, is a growing requirement in the markets we serve. Our customers look to us to optimize the efficiency, emissions and operation of power equipment in both commercial and defense operations. Our core technologies leverage well across our markets and customer applications, enabling us to develop and integrate cost-effective and state-of-the-art fuel, combustion, fluid, actuation and electronic systems. We focus primarily on serving OEMs and equipment packagers, partnering with them to bring superior component and system solutions to their demanding applications. We also provide aftermarket repair, maintenance, replacement and other service support for our installed products.

Our components and integrated systems optimize performance of commercial aircraft, defense aircraft, military ground vehicles and other equipment, gas and steam turbines, wind turbines, including converters and power grid related equipment, industrial diesel, gas, bio-diesel and dual-fuel reciprocating engines, and electrical power systems. Our innovative motion,

fluid, combustion and electrical energy control systems help our customers offer more cost-effective, cleaner, and more reliable equipment.

Management’s discussion and analysis should be read together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes included in this report. Dollar and number of share amounts contained in this discussion and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are in thousands, except per share amounts.

L’Orange Acquisition

On April 8, 2018, we entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “L’Orange Agreement”) with MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH (“MTU”) and MTU America Inc. (together with MTU, the “Sellers”), both of which were subsidiaries of Rolls-Royce PLC (“Rolls-Royce”). Pursuant to the L’Orange Agreement, we agreed to acquire all of the outstanding shares of stock of L’Orange GmbH, together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries in China and Germany, as well as all of the outstanding equity interests of its affiliate, Fluid Mechanics LLC, and their related operations (collectively, “L’Orange”), for total consideration (including cash consideration and the assumption of certain liabilities) of €700,000, or approximately $811,000 (the “L’Orange Acquisition”). The L’Orange Acquisition closed on June 1, 2018 (the “Closing”) and L’Orange became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. L’Orange has been renamed Woodward L’Orange.

Financial information for L’Orange is reflected in our financial statements from the date of the Closing. As a result of this acquisition, a comparison of results for fiscal year 2019 to fiscal years 2018 and 2017 may not be particularly meaningful. References to “organic” sales relate to net sales of Woodward businesses excluding those attributable to Woodward L’Orange.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND TRENDS

We serve the aerospace and industrial markets.

Aerospace Markets

Our aerospace products and systems are primarily used to provide propulsion, actuation and motion control in both commercial and defense fixed-wing aircraft, rotorcraft, guided weapons, and other defense systems.

Commercial and Civil Aircraft – In the commercial aerospace markets, global air traffic continued to grow in fiscal year 2019, though below the historically high levels of the recent years. Commercial aircraft production increased as aircraft operators take delivery of next generation aircraft models that are required to meet the growing demand for passenger air travel as well as meet the demand for more fuel efficient and lower emission aircraft. The trend toward the newer generation of aircraft that have recently entered service or are scheduled to go into production over the next several years favors our product offerings because we have more content on those more fuel efficient and lower emission aircraft. We expect production levels to remain strong due to solid order backlogs for the new aircraft models. The business and general aviation market demand improved in fiscal year 2019 as business jet deliveries were slightly up as a result of the introduction of some new models and reduced availability of used aircraft. Turboprop and helicopter deliveries weakened in fiscal year 2019. We expect business jet, turboprop and helicopter deliveries to improve slightly in fiscal year 2020 due to continued low levels of used inventory in the market and the introduction of a number of new aircraft.

We have content on the Airbus A320neo, A330neo, and A380, Bell 429, Boeing 737 MAX, 777, 787, 747-8 and Bombardier CSeries (now majority owned by Airbus and renamed the A220). We have been awarded content on the 777X, Comac C919, Irkut MS-21 and a variety of business jet platforms, among others. We continue to explore opportunities on new engine and aircraft programs that are under consideration or have been recently announced.

The grounding of the Boeing 737 MAX by the Federal Aviation Administration and other regulators, which started in March of 2019, has caused deliveries of that aircraft to be lower than expected in fiscal year 2019. The customer orders and demand for the aircraft has not changed significantly, and we therefore believe that when the aircraft returns to service, these missed deliveries will be fulfilled in future periods. In fiscal year 2019, the grounding had a slightly negative impact on OEM sales, but a more significant unfavorable impact on initial provisioning sales related to the 737 MAX aircraft and CFM LEAP engine. We estimate the aircraft’s return to service in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020 and we anticipate the recovery of the OEM and initial provisioning sales in the periods following the aircraft’s return to service.

Defense – The defense industry has been strengthening despite the minimal-growth regime of the Budget Control Act of 2011 and related procurement reductions and delays. Although its full impact is uncertain, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, which was signed into law in August 2018, resulted in higher levels of funding for procurement and research and development, and we believe budget increases in recent years will support modest growth in fiscal year 2020. Our involvement with a wide variety of defense programs in fixed-wing aircraft, rotorcraft and weapons systems has provided relative stability for our defense market sales, as some newer programs increase (e.g. F-35 Lightning II

and KC-46A Tanker) while some legacy programs are reduced (e.g. F/A-18 E/F Super Hornet and V-22 Osprey).  Other programs are relatively steady (e.g. UH-60 Black Hawk and A-64 Apache helicopter programs).  We have significant motion control system content for the refueling boom on the KC-46A, which entered low rate production in late calendar year 2018.  Weapons programs for which we have significant sales include the Joint Direct Attack Munition (“JDAM”), Small Diameter Bomb (“SDB”) and AIM-9X guided tactical weapon systems. Although we expect production rates to remain flat to slightly down for these weapons programs in fiscal year 2020, relative to the very strong production rates in recent years, we expect overall demand to remain favorable in the near term.

Aftermarket – Our commercial aftermarket business has increased, as our products have been selected for new aerospace platforms and our content has increased across existing platforms.  With the entry into service of the new single aisle aircraft (Boeing 737 MAX and Airbus A320neo), notwithstanding the grounding of the Boeing 737 MAX as described above, we have seen a significant increase in initial provisioning sales to the operators of these new aircraft. As new aircraft production levels increase to accommodate passenger demand and mitigate higher operating costs driven largely by higher fuel costs, we expect airlines will retire older generation aircraft as they reach certain age thresholds (commonly around twenty-five years on average). However, in the past few years, aircraft retirements have decreased because passenger demand has outpaced deliveries of next generation aircraft, forcing older generation legacy aircraft to remain in service longer than anticipated. This has led to increased demand for repairs and spare parts for older engine programs remaining in service. In addition, we have experienced gains in commercial aftermarket related to repairs and spare parts for mature legacy programs with large in-service fleets, such as Airbus A320 and Boeing 777.

Our defense aftermarket has also increased as the combat readiness of existing military programs on which we have content is prioritized by the U.S. Government. Global conflicts and growing international demand for various other military programs continue to drive demand for operations of defense aircraft, including fighter jets, transports and both utility and attack rotorcraft, supported by our products and systems. Although we expect variability, which is generally attributable to the cycling of various maintenance and upgrade programs, as well as actual usage, our outlook for defense aftermarket is strong, as the service lives of existing military programs are extended and there is increased demand for repairs and spare parts for older military aircraft programs remaining in service.

Industrial Markets

Our industrial products are used worldwide in various types of turbine- and reciprocating engine-powered equipment, including wind turbines and electric power generation and distribution systems, ships, locomotives, compressors, pumps, and other mobile and industrial machines.

Industrial Turbines – The demand for industrial gas turbines for power generation, which consists mainly of heavy frames, aero derivatives and steam, stabilized in fiscal year 2019 with some industrial gas turbine sales growth compared to fiscal year 2018, driven primarily by depletion of inventory levels in the market and increased Woodward content on certain newer industrial gas turbines. Start reliability, fuel flexibility, safety, and part-load efficiency are all key drivers of the turbine market as the conversion from coal to natural gas usage continues, and we believe Woodward continues to be well positioned to meet these market needs on the existing and next generation turbines. Though the increasing global demand for energy supports long-term growth for industrial gas turbines, we project only modest growth in the near-term as demand for electricity remains lower due to continuing penetration of renewable power sources and greater efficiency in energy demand and many of the newer industrial gas turbines for which Woodward has been awarded increased content will only start making deliveries in fiscal year 2020.

Reciprocating Engines – Woodward’s key markets for engine control technologies are power generation, transportation (including compressed natural gas (“CNG”) trucks in Asia, mining, and marine shipping), and oil and gas. The recent transition to China 6 regulations led to strong demand for China 5-compliant natural gas trucks in fiscal year 2019 leading up to the implementation. As a result, we expect some variability in the demand for natural gas trucks in China as the market absorbs the large pre-buy activities of China 5-compliant natural gas trucks and as the market transitions to the next generation China 6-complaint natural gas trucks. We continue to expect the market demand for natural gas trucks to remain favorable as the Chinese government continues to implement more stringent emissions standards and encourage natural gas usage under its initiative on air quality improvement. The demand for large reciprocating engines used in oil and gas and distributed power generation applications was healthy in fiscal year 2019, driven by demand for gas compression engines. The strong growth in internet traffic and data storage is also driving demand for data center power generation. We anticipate some softening of the large reciprocating engine market in fiscal year 2020 due to declines in the oil and gas market, as indicated by a recent decrease in rig count. Government emissions requirements across many regions and new engine applications are driving demand for more sophisticated control systems, as is customer demand for improved engine efficiencies and increased reliability. We expect share gains by our customers and increased scope on the latest generation reciprocating engines as energy policies in some countries encourage the use of natural gas and other alternative fuels over

carbon-rich petroleum fuels, which we expect will drive increased demand for our alternative fuel clean engine control technologies.

Renewable Power – The renewable power industry grew significantly in fiscal year 2019, but is expected to grow at a more moderate pace through the next decade. The shift from government subsidies to auction-based schemes, under which projects must bid a price per kilowatt hour to be awarded the project, has driven down market pricing and intensified competition. The resulting price and cost erosion stabilized through the course of fiscal year 2019. Pressure to reduce the levelized costs of energy (“LCOE”) remains high and is expected to continue to drive down capital investment and operating costs for both onshore and offshore wind. Consolidation within the renewables market is expected to continue as renewable power companies focus on global scale and efficiency to compensate for reduced market prices. Additionally, the current technology trend for larger turbines (greater than 4 megawatts onshore and greater than 10 megawatts offshore), shorter platform lifecycles, and demand for faster speed to market, will continue to transform OEM product portfolios. The decline in demand for smaller turbines (2 megawatt class and less) is accelerating, particularly in the European markets.  Woodward expects strong market growth in offshore turbines to continue with significant cost reduction in that market driven primarily by cost reductions in the onshore turbine market. While the renewable power market remains robust, Woodward continued to be unfavorably impacted in fiscal year 2019 as vertically integrated OEMs and market consolidation have resulted in customers transitioning to wind turbines with less Woodward content. In addition, the insolvency and subsequent cessation of OEM activities of Senvion, a German wind turbine manufacturer and a significant customer of Woodward’s renewables business, also had an unfavorable impact on the renewables business’ financial results for fiscal year 2019. We anticipate that the increased penetration of renewable energy sources into the grid and increased global energy demand, along with the advancement of storage technologies, will drive new opportunities for our advanced control and protection solutions.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

New Accounting Policy

We adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all subsequently issued supplemental and/or clarifying ASUs related to ASU 2014-09 (collectively “ASC 606”) on October 1, 2018 and elected the modified retrospective transition method. The results for periods prior to fiscal year 2019 were not adjusted for the new standard and the cumulative effect of the change in accounting of $38,745 was recognized as a net increase to retained earnings at the date of adoption.

Overall, the net earnings impact of the adoption of ASC 606, when compared to net earnings under the previous guidance, was not material for the full fiscal year 2019. However, there has been quarterly variability in fiscal year 2019 in both sales and net earnings resulting from the adoption of ASC 606 as compared to the prior year amounts presented under the previous guidance. The adoption of ASC 606 has no impact on our net cash flows.

In the following discussion and analysis of the results of operations and liquidity, we compare the results for fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, which were prepared under ASC 606, to the results for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, which was prepared under the previous guidance, ASC 605. In instances where the change in accounting resulting from the adoption of ASC 606 is considered to be significant, we have identified the impact of ASC 606 on the current period results, which management believes improves comparability to the prior period results prepared under ASC 605.

The following table sets forth a comparison of select financial results as accounted for under both ASC 606 and ASC 605. The financial results for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 are presented under the current guidance of ASC 606 and as if prepared under the previous guidance of ASC 605. We believe this improves the comparability of the financial results between the periods presented. The select financial results are presented on both an as reported basis in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and on an as adjusted basis, which represents a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure. The as adjusted non-U.S. GAAP financial measures, which differ from the similarly named financial measure as determined under either ASC 606 or ASC 605, include adjusted net earnings, adjusted earnings per share, and adjusted Industrial segment earnings. A description of these measures as well as a reconciliation of these non-U.S.GAAP financial measures to the closest U.S. GAAP financial measures can be found under the caption “Non-U.S. GAAP Measures” in this Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations.

Operational Highlights

Net sales for fiscal year 2019 were $2,900,197, an increase of $574,324, or 24.7%, from $2,325,873 for the prior fiscal year. Organic net sales for the fiscal year 2019, which excludes $332,009 of net sales attributable to Woodward L’Orange, were $2,568,188, an increase of 15.5% compared to organic net sales of $2,222,968 for the prior fiscal year. Organic net sales for the fiscal year 2018 excludes net sales attributable to Woodward L’Orange in the amount of $102,905 for the four months of fiscal 2018 following the Closing. Foreign currency exchange rates had an unfavorable impact on net sales of $24,304 for the fiscal year.

Aerospace segment net sales for the fiscal year 2019 were up 20.7% to $1,880,520, compared to $1,557,988 for the prior fiscal year. Industrial segment net sales for the fiscal year 2019 were up 32.8% to $1,019,677, compared to $767,885 for the prior fiscal year. Organic Industrial segment net sales, which excludes $332,009 of net sales attributable to Woodward L’Orange, were $687,668, up 3.4% compared to organic Industrial segment net sales of $664,980 for the prior fiscal year. Organic Industrial segment net sales for the fiscal year 2018 excludes four months of net sales attributable to Woodward L’Orange in the amount of $102,905.

Net earnings for the fiscal year 2019 were $259,602, or $4.02 per diluted share, compared to $180,378, or $2.82 per diluted share, for the prior fiscal year. Adjusted net earnings for the fiscal year 2019 were $314,476, or adjusted earnings per share of $4.88 per diluted share, compared to $245,930, or $3.85 per diluted share, for the prior fiscal year.

The effective tax rate in the fiscal year 2019 was 19.0%, compared to 17.9% for the prior fiscal year. The effective tax rate for both periods reflect the transition impacts of the changes in the U.S. federal tax law enacted in December 2017 with additional income tax expense of $10,588 related to the transition impacts recognized in the fiscal year 2019.

Earnings before interest and taxes (“EBIT”) for the fiscal year 2019 were $363,200, an increase of 40.6% from $258,369 in the prior fiscal year. EBIT for the fiscal year 2019 includes an increase in EBIT of $6,471 as a result of revenue recognized under ASC 606 that would not have been recognized under the previous guidance. Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) for the fiscal year 2019 were $505,204, up 34.9% from $374,500 for the prior fiscal year. EBITDA for the fiscal year 2019 includes an increase in EBITDA of $4,041 as a result of revenue recognized under ASC 606 that would not have been recognized under the previous guidance. Adjusted EBIT and adjusted EBITDA for fiscal year 2019 were $423,990 and $544,894, respectively, compared to $334,361 and $432,431, respectively, for the prior fiscal year. For fiscal year 2019, adjusted EBIT and adjusted EBITDA include an increase of $4,158 and $4,849, respectively, as a result of revenue and related costs recognized under ASC 606 that would not have been recognized under the previous guidance.

Aerospace segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales were 20.7% in fiscal year 2019, compared to 19.8% in the prior fiscal year. Industrial segment earnings as a percent of segment net sales were 9.2% in the fiscal year 2019, compared to 6.5% in the prior fiscal year. Adjusted Industrial segment earnings as a percentage of segment net sales were 11.2% for the fiscal year 2019, compared to 11.0% for the prior fiscal year. Excluding Industrial segment losses attributable the renewable power systems business of $12,855 for fiscal year 2019 and earnings attributable to the renewable power systems of $2,994 for fiscal year 2018, adjusted segment earnings for fiscal year 2019 were 13.3% of Industrial segment net sales,

compared to 12.0% for fiscal year 2018, in each case excluding net sales attributable to the renewable power systems business.

Organic net sales, organic Industrial segment net sales, constant currency organic Industrial segment net sales, adjusted net earnings, adjusted earnings per share, EBIT, adjusted EBIT, EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted Industrial segment earnings, adjusted Industrial segment earnings excluding the renewable power systems business, and Industrial segment net sales excluding net sales attributable to the renewable power systems business are non-U.S. GAAP financial measures. A description of these measures as well as a reconciliation of these non-U.S. GAAP financial measures to the closest U.S. GAAP financial measures can be found under the caption “Non-U.S. GAAP Measures” in this Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations.

Liquidity Highlights

Net cash provided by operating activities for fiscal year 2019 was $390,608, compared to $299,292 for fiscal year 2018. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities in fiscal year 2019 compared to fiscal year 2018 is primarily attributable to increased earnings and the timing of certain cash payments for accounts payable in fiscal year 2019, partially offset by increased investment in inventories to support an increase in sales.

For fiscal year 2019, free cash flow, which we define as net cash flows from operating activities less payments for property, plant and equipment, was $291,542, compared to $172,152 for the fiscal year 2018. (A reconciliation of free cash flow, a non-U.S. GAAP financial measure, to the closest U.S. GAAP financial measure can be found under the caption “Non-U.S. GAAP Measures” in this Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations.)

On June 19, 2019, we amended our revolving credit facility to, among other things, extend the termination date of the revolving loan commitments of the lenders thereunder from April 28, 2020 to June 19, 2024 and modify the option to increase available borrowings from $1,200,000 to $1,500,000, subject to lenders’ participation (the “Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement”). The terms and conditions of the Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement are similar to the prior credit agreement.

At September 30, 2019, we held $99,073 in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash of $1,500, and had total outstanding debt of $1,084,899 with additional borrowing availability of $726,725, net of outstanding letters of credit, under our revolving credit agreement. At September 30, 2019, we also had additional borrowing capacity of $7,571 under various foreign lines of credit and foreign overdraft facilities.

Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Other Selected Financial Data

The following table sets forth consolidated statements of earnings data as a percentage of net sales for each period indicated:

Other select financial data:

2019 RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

2019 Net Sales Compared to 2018

Consolidated net sales for fiscal year 2019 increased by $574,324, or 24.7%, compared to fiscal year 2018. Net sales for fiscal year 2019 include additional net sales of $109,640 recognized under ASC 606 that would not have been recognized under the previous guidance. Net sales for fiscal year 2019 under ASC 606 increased primarily as a result of customer provided inventory required to be included in net sales (“noncash consideration”). Organic net sales for fiscal year 2019, which exclude $332,009 of net sales attributable to Woodward L’Orange, increased by 15.5%, compared to organic net sales for fiscal year 2018. Organic net sales for the fiscal year 2018 exclude net sales attributable to Woodward L’Orange in the amount of $102,905 for the four months of fiscal 2018 following the Closing. Organic consolidated net sales for fiscal year 2019 include additional net sales of $113,850 recognized under ASC 606 that would not have been recognized under the previous guidance.

Details of the changes in consolidated net sales are as follows:

The increase in consolidated net sales for fiscal year 2019 is primarily attributable to the inclusion of a full 12-months of Woodward L’Orange, as well continued strength across all of our markets in the Aerospace segment, particularly commercial and defense original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) and defense aftermarket sales. Also contributing to the increase in consolidated net sales in fiscal year 2019 was noncash consideration revenue recognized under ASC 606 that was not recognized in the prior year period under the previous guidance, primarily in our Aerospace segment. In the Industrial segment, the increase in organic net sales volumes in fiscal year 2019 is primarily attributable to increased sales in our reciprocating engine business, partially offset by significant sales declines in our renewables business.

Our worldwide sales activities are primarily denominated in USD, EUR, GBP, Japanese Yen (“JPY”), and Chinese

Renminbi (“RMB”). As the USD, EUR, GBP, JPY and RMB fluctuate against each other and other currencies, we are exposed to gains or losses on sales transactions.

2019 Costs and Expenses Compared to 2018

Cost of goods sold increased by $469,852 to $2,192,654, or 75.6% of net sales, for fiscal year 2019, from $1,722,802, or 74.1% of net sales, for fiscal year 2018. The increase in cost of goods sold in fiscal year 2019 as compared to fiscal year 2018 is primarily attributable to higher sales volume, additional costs of goods sold attributable to Woodward L’Orange sales, additional cost of goods sold attributable to noncash consideration from customer supplied inventory recognized under ASC 606, higher manufacturing costs related to both increased capacity expansion costs to support higher production levels and costs associated with the relocation of our Duarte, California operations to the Company’s newly renovated Drake Campus in Fort Collins, Colorado (the “Duarte Relocation”), an increase in variable compensation related to the strong financial performance in the fiscal year, and charges in the amount of $8,227 related to the impairment of inventory manufactured specifically for Senvion, a significant customer of our renewables business that declared insolvency in fiscal year 2019. These costs were slightly offset by the purchase accounting impacts related to the revaluation of the Woodward L’Orange inventory recognized in cost of goods sold for the fiscal year ended September 30 2018.

Gross margin (as measured by net sales less cost of goods sold, divided by net sales) was 24.4% for fiscal year 2019, compared to 25.9% for fiscal year 2018. The decrease in gross margin is primarily attributable to higher manufacturing costs related to increased capacity expansion to support increased production levels and costs associated with the Duarte Relocation, an unfavorable sales mix of lower gross margin products in our Industrial segment, and the noncash consideration recognized under ASC 606. Noncash consideration negatively impacts gross margin as the inventory recognized as net sales under a noncash consideration transaction is reflected in cost of goods sold at an amount equal to the sales value.

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $17,469, or 9.0%, to $211,205 for fiscal year 2019, compared to $193,736 for fiscal year 2018. Selling, general and administrative expenses in fiscal year 2019 includes charges in the amount of $4,374 related to the impairment of accounts receivable from Senvion. Fiscal year 2018 included special charges associated with the L’Orange Acquisition. These special charges consisted of transaction and integration costs of $5,208, warranty and indemnity insurance costs of $4,293, and German real estate transfer tax charges of $3,385. Excluding the costs associated with the impairment of accounts receivable from Senvion in fiscal year 2019 and the special charges in fiscal year 2018, selling, general and administrative expenses increased 14.4% in fiscal year 2019 primarily due to the inclusion of a full 12-months of selling, general and administrative expenses attributable to Woodward L’Orange compared to only four-months in fiscal year 2018, and an increase in certain expenses to support ongoing company growth. Also contributing the higher selling, general and administrative expenses in fiscal year 2019 was an increase in variable compensation related to the strong financial performance in the fiscal year. Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales decreased to 7.3% for fiscal year 2019, compared to 8.3% for the fiscal year 2018.

Research and development costs increased by $10,828, or 7.3%, to $159,107 for fiscal year 2019, as compared to $148,279 for fiscal year 2018. Research and development costs as a percentage of net sales decreased to 5.5% for fiscal year 2019, as compared to 6.4% for fiscal year 2018.

Research and development costs in fiscal year 2019 were higher primarily due to the inclusion of a full 12-months of research and development costs attributable to Woodward L’Orange compared to only four-months in fiscal year 2018. Also contributing to higher research and developments costs in fiscal year 2019 was an increase in variable compensation related to the strong financial performance in fiscal year 2019. Our research and development activities extend across almost all of our customer base, and we anticipate ongoing variability in research and development due to the timing of customer business needs on current and future programs.

Restructuring charges of $17,013 recognized in fiscal year 2018 related primarily to the Duarte Relocation. Also included in the fiscal year 2018 restructuring charges were workforce management costs related to our ongoing effort to align our industrial turbomachinery business, which is part of our Industrial segment, with the then current market conditions. All of the restructuring charges recorded in fiscal year 2018 were recorded as nonsegment expenses. There were no restructuring charges recorded in fiscal year 2019.

Interest expense increased by $3,536, or 8.7%, to $44,001, for fiscal year 2019, compared to $40,465 for fiscal year 2018. Interest expense decreased as a percentage of net sales to 1.5% for fiscal year 2019, as compared to 1.7% for fiscal year 2018. The increase in interest expense in fiscal year 2019 compared to fiscal year 2018 is primarily due to a full 12-months of interest expense associated with the financing of the L’Orange Acquisition, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense attributable to the cross currency interest rate swap derivatives. Related to the L’Orange Acquisition, on May 31, 2018 we issued an aggregate principal amount of $400,000 of senior unsecured notes in a series of private placement transactions and borrowed $167,420 under our revolving credit agreement to fund the acquisition. Refer to Note 18, Derivative instruments and hedging activities in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for further information on our cross currency interest rate swap derivatives.

Other income, net was $25,969 for fiscal year 2019, compared to $14,326 for fiscal year 2018. The increase in other income, net in in fiscal year 2019 compared to fiscal year is primarily due to an increase of $9,593, compared to fiscal year 2018, in Woodward’s equity interest in the earnings of its joint venture with General Electric Company. Also contributing to the increase between fiscal year 2019 and fiscal year 2018 was the one-time loss of $5,543 on a forward option derivative entered into in fiscal year 2018 to manage our exposure to fluctuations in the Euro prior to the anticipated close of the L’Orange Acquisition. There was no similar expense incurred in fiscal year 2019. Refer to Note 17, Other (income) expense, net in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in “Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for further information on the items include in other income, net.

Income taxes were provided at an effective rate on earnings before income taxes of 19.0% for fiscal year 2019, compared to 17.9% for fiscal year 2018. The changes in components of our effective tax rate (as a percentage of earnings before income taxes) were attributable to the following:

The increase in the effective tax rate for fiscal year 2019 compared to fiscal year 2018 is primarily attributable to favorable resolutions of tax matters in the prior fiscal year that did not repeat in the current fiscal year, an increase in the U.S. federal corporate income tax on current year foreign earnings, the loss of the domestic production activities deduction in the year and a decrease in the current year of the U.S. research and experimentation credit as a percent of pretax earnings. Partially offsetting these increases were the decrease in the U.S federal corporate income tax rate from 24.5% for fiscal year 2018 to 21.0% in the current fiscal year and the related impact on fiscal year 2018 deferred tax activity that did not repeat in the current fiscal year. Additionally, the fiscal year 2018 net tax expense increase related to the Tax Act was larger than the current fiscal year increase. Finally, the current fiscal year had a larger favorable increase in the net excess income tax benefits from stock-based compensation compared to fiscal year 2018.

The total amount of the gross liability for worldwide unrecognized tax benefits reported in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $10,305 at September 30, 2019 and $8,364 at September 30, 2018. At September 30, 2019, the amount of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits that would impact Woodward’s effective tax rate, if recognized, was $4,411. We accrue for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. Woodward had accrued interest and penalties of $437 as of September 30, 2019 and $279 as of September 30, 2018.

Woodward’s tax returns are subject to audits by U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax authorities, and these audits are at various stages of completion at any given time. Reviews of tax matters by authorities and lapses of the applicable statutes of limitation may result in changes to tax expense. Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination for U.S. Federal income taxes include fiscal years 2017 and thereafter. Woodward is currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service for fiscal year 2017, which included a foreign tax carryback to fiscal year 2016. Woodward’s fiscal years remaining open to examination for significant U.S. state income tax jurisdictions include fiscal years 2015 and thereafter. Woodward closed various audits in foreign jurisdictions in the second and third quarters of fiscal year 2019. Consequently, fiscal years remaining open to examination in significant foreign jurisdictions include 2016 and thereafter.

Segment Results

The following table presents sales by segment:

The following table presents earnings by segment and reconciles segment earnings to consolidated net earnings: