XOMA Corp - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

or

For the transition period from __________to__________

Commission File No. 0-14710

XOMA Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act of 1934).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

XOMA CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.  CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

XOMA CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

(Note 1) The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

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XOMA CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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XOMA CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

(in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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XOMA CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. Description of Business

XOMA Corporation (referred to as “XOMA” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, has a long history of discovering and developing innovative therapeutics derived from its unique platform of antibody technologies. The Company has historically advanced product candidates into the earlier stages of development and then sought to license product candidates to licensees who assume the responsibilities of later stage development, approval and commercialization. In 2016, XOMA focused its research and development efforts to advancing a portfolio of product candidates that have the potential to treat a variety of endocrine diseases, including the advancement of X358 for the treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia in hyperinsulinemic patients following bariatric surgery. In addition, XOMA has historically licensed antibody technologies on a non-exclusive basis to other companies who desire to access the antibody platform for their own discovery efforts. In March 2017, the Company revised its strategy to instead focus on building out its portfolio of programs that are fully funded by other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies and for which milestone and royalty payments are potentially due.  The result is a focus by the Company on out-licensing its un-partnered product candidates to partners who will continue the development and commercialization of these assets. The Company expects that a significant portion of any future revenue will be based on payments it may receive from its licensees. In addition, the Company intends to acquire potential milestone and royalty revenue streams on additional assets.  

Liquidity and Management Plans

The Company has incurred operating losses since its inception resulting in an accumulated deficit of $1.2 billion, it has working capital of $34.9 million and $14.3 million in total outstanding debt at September 30, 2017. As of June 30, 2017, there was a substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern since it did not have sufficient financial resources available to fund its operations and make scheduled loan payments beyond August 2018. The Company alleviated this concern in August 2017, when it entered into license agreements with Novartis Pharma AG (“Novartis AG”) in which the Company received total cash proceeds of $25.7 million. Concurrently, Novartis AG settled the Company’s outstanding debt with Les Laboratories Servier (“Servier Loan”) and extended the maturity date of the Company’s debt to Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. (“NIBR”) from September 30, 2020 to September 30, 2022 (see Notes 4 and 8).   In conjunction with the license agreements, the Company and Novartis AG also entered into a common stock purchase agreement in which the Company received total cash proceeds of $5.0 million (see Note 12). As of September 30, 2017, the Company had $47.7 million in cash and cash equivalents, which is available to fund its operations through the next 12 months from the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

The Company’s ability to raise additional capital in the equity and debt markets, should the Company choose to do so, is dependent on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the market demand for the Company’s common stock, which itself is subject to a number of pharmaceutical development and business risks and uncertainties, as well as the uncertainty that the Company would be able to raise such additional capital at a price or on terms that are favorable to the Company.

2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions among consolidated entities were eliminated upon consolidation. The unaudited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. As permitted under those rules certain footnotes or other financial information can be condensed or omitted. These financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared with the assumption that users of the interim financial information have read or have access to the audited consolidated financial statements for the preceding fiscal year. Accordingly, these statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 16, 2017.

These financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s consolidated financial information. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, debt amendments, long-lived assets, restructuring liabilities, legal contingencies, and stock-based compensation. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other market-specific and other relevant assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates. Under the Company’s contracts with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (“NIAID”), a part of the National Institutes of Health (“NIH”), the Company billed NIAID using NIH’s provisional rates and thus is subject to future audits at the discretion of NIAID’s contracting office. These audits can result in an adjustment to revenue previously reported which potentially could be significant. In March 2016, the Company effected the novation of its remaining active contract with NIAID to Ology Bioservices, Inc. (“Ology Bioservices”) (formerly known as Nanotherapeutics, Inc.) (see Note 6). The billings made prior to the effective date of the novation of such contract are still subject to future audits, which may result in significant adjustments to reported revenues.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when the four basic criteria of revenue recognition are met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. The determination of criteria (2) is based on management’s judgments regarding whether a continuing performance obligation exists. The determination of criteria (3) and (4) are based on management’s judgments regarding the nature of the fee charged for products or services delivered and the collectability of those fees. Allowances are established for estimated uncollectible amounts, if any.

The Company recognizes revenue from its license and collaboration arrangements, and royalties. Revenue arrangements with multiple elements are divided into separate units of accounting if certain criteria are met, including whether the delivered element has stand-alone value to the customer and whether there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair value of the undelivered items. Each deliverable in the arrangement is evaluated to determine whether it meets the criteria to be accounted for as a separate unit of accounting or whether it should be combined with other deliverables. In order to account for the multiple-element arrangements, the Company identifies the deliverables included within the arrangement and evaluates which deliverables represent separate units of accounting. Analyzing the arrangement to identify deliverables requires the use of judgment, and each deliverable may be an obligation to deliver services, a right or license to use an asset, or another performance obligation. The consideration received is allocated among the separate units of accounting based on their respective fair values and the applicable revenue recognition criteria are applied to each of the separate units. Advance payments received in excess of amounts earned are classified as deferred revenue until earned.

License and Collaborative Fees

Revenue from non-refundable license, technology access or other payments under license and collaborative agreements where the Company has a continuing obligation to perform is recognized as revenue over the estimated period of the continuing performance obligation. The Company estimates the performance period at the inception of the arrangement and reevaluates it each reporting period. Management makes its best estimate of the period over which it expects to fulfill the performance obligations, which may include clinical development activities. Given the uncertainties of research and development collaborations, significant judgment is required to determine the duration of the performance period. This reevaluation may shorten or lengthen the period over which the remaining revenue is recognized. Changes to these estimates are recorded on a prospective basis.

License and collaboration agreements with certain third parties also provide for contingent payments to be paid to the Company based solely upon the performance of the partner. For such contingent payments, revenue is recognized upon completion of the milestone event, once confirmation is received from the third party, provided that collection is reasonably assured and the other revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied.

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Contract and Other Revenues

Contract revenue for research and development involved the Company providing research and development services to collaborative parties or others. Cost reimbursement revenue under collaborative agreements was recorded as contract and other revenues and was recognized as the related research and development costs were incurred, as provided for under the terms of these agreements. Revenue for certain contracts was accounted for by a proportional performance, or output-based, method where performance was based on estimated progress toward elements defined in the contract. The amount of contract revenue and related costs recognized in each accounting period were based on management’s estimates of the proportional performance during the period. Adjustments to estimates based on actual performance were recognized on a prospective basis and did not result in reversal of revenue should the estimate to complete be extended.

Up-front fees associated with contract revenue were recorded as license and collaborative fees and were recognized in the same manner as the final deliverable, which was generally ratably over the period of the continuing performance obligation. Given the uncertainties of research and development collaborations, significant judgment was required to determine the duration of the arrangement.

Royalty revenue and royalty receivables are recorded in the periods these royalty amounts are earned, if estimable and collectability is reasonably assured. The royalty revenue and receivables recorded in these instances are based upon communication with the Company’s licensees, historical information and forecasted sales trends.

Sale of Future Revenue Streams

 The Company has sold its rights to receive certain milestones and royalties on product sales. In the circumstance where the Company has sold its rights to future milestones and royalties under a license agreement and also maintains limited continuing involvement in the arrangement (but not significant continuing involvement in the generation of the cash flows that are due to the purchaser), the Company defers recognition of the proceeds it receives for the sale of milestone or royalty streams and recognizes such deferred revenue as contract and other revenue over the life of the underlying license agreement. The Company recognizes this revenue under the "units-of-revenue" method. Under this method, amortization for a reporting period is calculated by computing a ratio of the proceeds received from the purchaser to the total payments expected to be made to the purchaser over the term of the agreement, and then applying that ratio to the period’s cash payment.

Estimating the total payments expected to be received by the purchaser over the term of such arrangements requires management to use subjective estimates and assumptions. Changes to the Company’s estimate of the payments expected to be made to the purchaser over the term of such arrangements could have a material effect on the amount of revenues recognized in any particular period.

Research and Development Expenses

The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred. Research and development expenses consist of direct costs such as salaries and related personnel costs, and material and supply costs, and research-related allocated overhead costs, such as facilities costs. In addition, research and development expenses include costs related to clinical trials. From time to time, research and development expenses may include up-front fees and milestones paid to collaborative partners for the purchase of rights to in-process research and development. Such amounts are expensed as incurred.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards made to the Company’s employees, consultants and directors that are expected to vest based on estimated fair values. The valuation of stock option awards is determined at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (the “Black-Scholes Model”). The Black-Scholes Model requires inputs such as the expected term of the option, expected volatility and risk-free interest rate. To establish an estimate of expected term, the Company considers the vesting period and contractual period of the award and its historical experience of stock option exercises, post-vesting cancellations and volatility. The estimate of expected volatility is based on the Company’s historical volatility. The risk-free rate is based on the yield available on United States Treasury zero-coupon issues corresponding to the expected term of the award.

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The Company records compensation expense for service-based awards over the vesting period of the award on a straight-line basis. For awards with performance-based conditions, the Company records the expense over the remaining service period when management determines that achievement of the milestone is probable. Management evaluates when the achievement of a performance-based condition is probable based on the expected satisfaction of the performance conditions as of the reporting date. The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized during a period is based on the value of the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest.

The valuation of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is determined at the date of grant using the Company’s closing stock price.

In January 2017, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, (“ASU 2016-09”). ASU 2016-09 is aimed at the simplification of several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including accounting for forfeitures, income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. Pursuant to the adoption of ASU 2016-09, the Company has made an election to record forfeitures when they occur. Previously, stock-based compensation was based on the number of awards expected to vest after considering estimated forfeitures. The change in accounting principle with regards to forfeitures was adopted using a modified retrospective approach, and no prior periods were restated as a result of this change in accounting principle. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Restructuring and Impairment Charges

Restructuring costs are primarily comprised of severance costs related to workforce reductions, contract termination costs and asset impairments. The Company recognizes restructuring charges when the liability has been incurred, except for employee termination benefits that are incurred over time. Generally, employee termination benefits (i.e., severance costs) are accrued at the date management has committed to a plan of termination and employees have been notified of their termination dates and expected severance payments. Key assumptions in determining the restructuring costs include the terms and payments that may be negotiated to terminate certain contractual obligations and the timing of employees leaving the Company. Other costs, including contract termination costs, are recorded when the arrangement is terminated. Asset impairment charges have been, and will be, recognized when management has concluded that the assets have been impaired.

Warrants

The Company has issued warrants to purchase shares of its common stock in connection with financing activities. The Company accounted for some of these warrants as a liability at fair value and others as equity at fair value. The fair value of the outstanding warrants was estimated using the Black-Scholes Model. The Black-Scholes Model required inputs such as the expected term of the warrants, expected volatility and risk-free interest rate. These inputs were subjective and required significant analysis and judgment to develop. For the estimate of the expected term, the Company used the full remaining contractual term of the warrant. The Company determined the expected volatility assumption in the Black-Scholes Model based on historical stock price volatility observed on the Company’s underlying stock. The assumptions associated with contingent warrant liabilities were reviewed each reporting period and changes in the estimated fair value of these contingent warrant liabilities were recognized in revaluation of contingent warrant liabilities within the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount which is more likely than not to be realizable.

The recognition, derecognition and measurement of a tax position is based on management’s best judgment given the facts, circumstances and information available at each reporting date. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as a component of income tax expense. To date, there have been no interest or penalties charged in relation to the unrecognized tax benefits.

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Net Income (Loss) per Share Available to Common Stockholders

Basic net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders is based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Net income (loss) available to common stockholders consists of net income (loss), as adjusted for the convertible preferred stock deemed dividends related to the beneficial conversion feature on this instrument at issuance. During periods of income, the Company allocates participating securities a proportional share of net income, after deduction of any deemed dividends on preferred stock, determined by dividing total weighted average participating securities by the sum of the total weighted average number of common stock and participating securities (the “two-class method”). The Company’s convertible preferred stock participates in any dividends declared by the Company on its common stock and are therefore considered to be participating securities. During periods of loss, the Company allocates no loss to participating securities because they have no contractual obligation to share in the losses of the Company. Diluted net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period, adjusted to include the assumed conversion of preferred stock, certain stock options, RSUs, and warrants for common stock. The calculation of diluted income (loss) per share available to common stockholders requires that, to the extent the average market price of the underlying shares for the reporting period exceeds the exercise price of the warrants and the presumed exercise of such securities are dilutive to earnings (loss) per share available to common stockholders for the period, adjustments to net income (loss) used in the calculation are required to remove the change in fair value of the warrants for the period. Likewise, adjustments to the denominator are required to reflect the related dilutive shares.

Concentration of Risk

Cash equivalents and receivables are financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, as well as liquidity risk for certain cash equivalents, such as money market funds. The Company has not encountered any such liquidity issues during 2017.

The Company has not experienced any significant credit losses and does not generally require collateral on receivables. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, one customer represented 98% of total revenues. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, one customer represented 96% of total revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2016, three customers represented 51%, 37% and 12% of total revenues, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, four customers represented 30%, 21%, 18%, and 10% of total revenues, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, two customers represented 55% and 45% of the trade receivables balance. As of December 31, 2016, one customer represented 85% of the trade receivables balance.  

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance codified in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue Recognition — Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which amends the guidance in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued an accounting update to defer the effective date by one year for public entities such that it is now applicable for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. ASC 606 also permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (the modified retrospective method). The Company is required to adopt the standard on January 1, 2018. To date, the Company has primarily derived its revenues from various license and collaboration arrangements and sale of future royalties. The consideration the Company is eligible to receive under these agreements includes upfront payments, milestone payments and royalties. Each of the Company’s agreements has unique terms that will need to be evaluated separately under ASC 606. The Company is currently assessing its active license and collaboration agreements and sale of future royalty arrangements. The Company is still assessing the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements, as well as evaluating the disclosure requirements under the new standard. The Company expects to adopt the new standard using the modified retrospective method. While the Company has not completed an assessment of the impact of adoption, the adoption of ASC 606 may have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

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In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-2 is aimed at making leasing activities more transparent and comparable, and requires substantially all leases be recognized by lessees on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability, including leases currently accounted for as operating leases. ASU 2016-2 is effective for the Company’s interim and annual reporting periods during the year ending December 31, 2019, and all annual and interim reporting periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of the standard on its consolidated financial statements.

3. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements Detail

Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of September 30, 2017, cash and cash equivalents consisted of demand deposits of $7.9 million and money market funds of $39.8 million with maturities of less than 90 days at the date of purchase. As of December 31, 2016, cash and cash equivalents consisted of demand deposits of $21.5 million and money market funds of $4.2 million with maturities of less than 90 days at the date of purchase.

Trade and Other Receivables, net

Trade receivables are stated at their net realizable value. Specific allowances are recorded for doubtful accounts or based on other available information. The Company reviews its exposure to accounts receivable, including the requirement for allowances based on management’s judgment. The Company has not historically experienced any significant losses.

Trade and other receivables consisted of the following (in thousands):

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company completed the sale of equipment and disposal of certain equipment located in one of its leased facilities for total proceeds of $1.6 million. The total carrying value of the equipment sold and disposed of was $0.1 million and $0.5 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Accordingly, the Company recorded a loss of $0.1 million and a gain of $1.1 million on the sale and disposal of equipment in the other income (expense), net in its condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.

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Accrued and Other Liabilities  

Accrued and other liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

Net Income (Loss) Per Share Available to Common Stockholders

The following is a reconciliation of the numerator (net income or loss) and the denominator (number of shares) used in the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders (in thousands):

Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders if their inclusion is anti-dilutive. The following table shows the weighted-average outstanding securities considered anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share available to common stockholders (in thousands):

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4. Collaborative, Licensing and Other Arrangements

Novartis

On September 30, 2015, the Company and Novartis International Pharmaceutical Ltd. (“Novartis”) entered into a license agreement (the “License Agreement”) under which the Company granted Novartis an exclusive, world-wide, royalty-bearing license to the Company’s anti-transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) antibody program (the “anti-TGFβ Program”). Under the terms of the License Agreement, Novartis has worldwide rights to the anti-TGFβ Program and is responsible for the development and commercialization of antibodies and products containing antibodies arising from the anti-TGFβ Program. Within 90 days of the execution of the License Agreement, the Company completed the transfer of certain proprietary know-how, materials and inventory relating to the anti-TGFβ Program to Novartis.

Under the License Agreement, the Company received a $37.0 million upfront fee. The Company is also eligible to receive up to a total of $480.0 million in development, regulatory and commercial milestones. Any such payments will be treated as contingent consideration and recognized as revenue when they are achieved, as the Company has no performance obligations under the License Agreement beyond the initial 90-day period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Novartis achieved a clinical development milestone pursuant to the License Agreement and, as a result, the Company earned a $10.0 million milestone payment which was recognized as license and collaborative fees in the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss).

On August 24, 2017 (the “Effective Date”), the Company and Novartis AG entered into a license agreement (the “XOMA-052 License Agreement”) under which the Company granted to Novartis AG an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license to gevokizumab, a novel anti-Interleukin-1 (“IL-1”) beta allosteric monoclonal antibody (the “Antibody”) and related know-how and patents (altogether, the “XOMA IP”). Under the terms of the XOMA-052 License Agreement, Novartis AG will be solely responsible for the development and commercialization of the Antibody and products containing the Antibody. Within 90 days of the Effective Date, the Company will transfer certain proprietary know-how, process, materials and inventory relating to the XOMA IP to Novartis AG.

On August 24, 2017, pursuant to a separate agreement (the “IL-1 Beta Target Agreement”), the Company granted to Novartis AG non-exclusive licenses to its intellectual property covering the use of IL-1 beta targeting antibodies in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease and other diseases and conditions, and an option to obtain an exclusive license (the “Exclusivity Option”) to such intellectual property for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. The Company also granted Novartis AG the right of first negotiation with respect to certain transactions relating to the licensed intellectual property.

Under the XOMA-052 License Agreement, the Company received total consideration of $30.0 million for the license and rights granted to Novartis AG. Of the total consideration, $15.7 million was paid in cash and $14.3 million (equal to €12.0 million) was paid by NIBR, on behalf of the Company, to settle the Company’s Servier Loan. In addition, NIBR extended the maturity date on the Company’s debt to Novartis (see Note 8). The Company also received $5.0 million cash related to the sale of 539,131 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a price per share of $9.2742. The fair market value of the common stock issued to Novartis was $4.8 million, based on the closing stock price of $8.93 per share on August 24, 2017, resulting in a $0.2 million premium paid to the Company (see Note 12). Based on the achievement of pre-specified criteria, the Company also is eligible to receive up to $438.0 million in development, regulatory and commercial milestones. The Company is also eligible to receive royalties on sales of licensed products, which are tiered based on sales levels and range from the high single digits to mid-teens. Under the IL-1 Beta Target Agreement, the Company received an upfront cash payment of $10.0 million. In addition, the Company is eligible to receive low single-digit royalties on canakinumab sales in cardiovascular indications. Should Novartis AG exercise the Exclusivity Option, the royalties on canakinumab sales will increase to the mid-single digits.

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The XOMA-052 License Agreement and IL-1 Beta Target Agreement are being accounted for as one arrangement because they were entered into at the same time in contemplation of each other. The Company concluded that there are multiple deliverables under the arrangements which consist of (i) the licenses to IL-1 beta targeting antibodies, (ii) the license to gevokizumab antibody and (iii) the transfer of know-how, process, materials and inventory related the gevokizumab antibody. The Company concluded that the license to the gevokizumab antibody and the related transfer of know-how process, materials and inventory each do not have stand-alone value. Accordingly, the Company combined these two deliverables into a single unit of accounting. The Company determined that the Exclusivity Option is a substantive option and not priced at a significant and incremental discount. Therefore, the Company concluded that the Exclusivity Option is not a deliverable. The agreements were evaluated pursuant to the provisions of the multiple-element arrangement guidance in determining how to recognize the revenue associated with each unit of account. The total arrangement consideration received from Novartis AG is $40.2 million and consists of the $25.7 million upfront cash payment, the $14.3 million Servier Loan payoff and the $0.2 million premium on the sale of the common stock. The total arrangement consideration is allocated to each unit of account based on their relative selling prices. Revenue is recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met for each identified unit of account. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized revenue of $31.9 million related to the licenses to IL-1 beta targeting antibodies and $3.5 million related to the amortization of deferred revenue allocated to the license to the gevokizumab antibody and transfer of related XOMA IP. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had a current deferred revenue balance of $4.8 million related to the XOMA-052 License Agreement.

The Company determined that future contingent payments that may be received related to development, regulatory and sales milestones under the XOMA-052 License Agreement are based on the performance of Novartis AG and do not meet the definition of substantive milestones under the accounting guidance. Accordingly, revenue for the achievement of these milestones will be recognized in the period when the milestone is achieved. As of September 30, 2017, the Company has not recognized any milestone payments under the XOMA-052 License Agreement. The Company expects to recognize royalty revenue in the period of sale of the related products, based on the underlying contract terms.

Servier

In December 2010, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement (“Collaboration Agreement”) with Servier, to jointly develop and commercialize gevokizumab in multiple indications. Under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, Servier had worldwide rights to cardiovascular disease and diabetes indications and had rights outside the United States and Japan to all other indications, including non-infectious intermediate, posterior or pan-uveitis, Behçet’s disease uveitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and other inflammatory and oncology indications. Under the Collaboration Agreement, Servier funded all activities to advance the global clinical development and future commercialization of gevokizumab in cardiovascular-related diseases and diabetes. Also, Servier funded the first $50.0 million of gevokizumab global clinical development and chemistry, manufacturing and controls expenses related to the three pivotal clinical trials under the EYEGUARD program. All remaining expenses related to these three pivotal clinical trials were shared equally between Servier and the Company. On September 28, 2015, Servier notified XOMA of its intention to terminate the Collaboration Agreement, as amended in January 2015, and return the gevokizumab rights to XOMA. The termination, which became effective on March 25, 2016, did not result in a change to the maturity date of the Company’s loan with Servier (see Note 8). As the Company was no longer required to provide services to Servier under the Collaboration Agreement, the Company recognized all remaining deferred revenue of $0.6 million from the date of notification to March 25, 2016.

There was no revenue recognized from this Collaboration Agreement for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded revenue of zero and $0.3 million, respectively, from this Collaboration Agreement.

NIAID

In October 2011, the Company announced that NIAID had awarded the Company a new contract under Contract No. HHSN272201100031C (the “NIAID Contract”) for up to $28.0 million over five years to develop broad-spectrum antitoxins for the treatment of human botulism poisoning. The contract work was being performed on a cost-plus-fixed-fee basis over the life of the contract and the Company was recognizing revenue under the arrangement as the services were performed on a proportional- performance basis.

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In March 2016, the Company effected a novation of the NIAID Contract to Ology Bioservices. The novation was effected upon obtaining government approval to transfer the NIAID Contract to Ology Bioservices pursuant to the asset purchase agreement executed in November 2015 (see Note 6). There was no revenue recognized under this contract for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company recognized revenue of zero and $1.1 million under this contract for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Sale of Future Revenue Streams

On December 21, 2016, the Company entered into two Royalty Interest Acquisition Agreements (together, the “Acquisition Agreements”) with HealthCare Royalty Partners II, L.P. (“HCRP”). Under the first Acquisition Agreement, the Company sold its right to receive milestone payments and royalties on future sales of products subject to a License Agreement, dated August 18, 2005, between XOMA and Wyeth Pharmaceuticals (subsequently acquired by Pfizer, Inc. (“Pfizer”)) for an upfront cash payment of $6.5 million, plus potential additional payments totaling $4.0 million in the event three specified net sales milestones are met in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Under the second Acquisition Agreement, the Company sold all rights to royalties under an Amended and Restated License Agreement dated October 27, 2006 between XOMA and Dyax Corp. for a cash payment of $11.5 million.

The Company classified the proceeds received from HCRP as deferred revenue, to be recognized as contract and other revenue over the life of the license agreements because of the Company's limited continuing involvement in the Acquisition Agreements. Such limited continuing involvement is related to the Company’s undertaking to cooperate with HCRP in the event of litigation or a dispute related to the license agreements. Because the transaction was structured as a non-cancellable sale, the Company does not have significant continuing involvement in the generation of the cash flows due to HCRP and there are no guaranteed rates of return to HCRP, the Company recorded the total proceeds of $18.0 million as deferred revenue. The Company allocated the total proceeds between the two Acquisition Agreements based on the relative fair value of expected payments to be made to HCRP under the license agreements. The deferred revenue is being recognized as contract and other revenue over the life of the underlying license agreements under the "units-of-revenue" method. Under this method, amortization for a reporting period is calculated by computing a ratio of the allocated proceeds received from HCRP to the payments expected to be made by the licensees to HCRP over the term of the Acquisition Agreements, and then applying that ratio to the period’s cash payment. The Company recognized $0.1 million and $0.3 million as contract and other revenue under these arrangements during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. As of September 30, 2017, the current and non-current portion of the remaining deferred revenue was $0.6 million and $17.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the Company classified the $18.0 million as non-current deferred revenue.

5. Fair Value Measurements

The Company records its financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and accounts payable, approximate their fair value due to their short maturities. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance for fair value establishes a framework for measuring fair value and a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in valuation techniques. The accounting standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value, which are the following:

Level 1 – Observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs, either directly or indirectly, other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities; therefore, requiring an entity to develop its own valuation techniques and assumptions.

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The following tables set forth the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as follows (in thousands):

During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017, there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 assets or liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis and the valuation techniques used did not change compared to the Company’s established practice.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s outstanding interest-bearing obligations is estimated using the net present value of the payments, discounted at an interest rate that is consistent with market interest rates, which is a Level 2 input. The carrying amount and the estimated fair value of the Company’s outstanding interest-bearing obligations at September 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, are as follows (in thousands):

6. Dispositions

On November 4, 2015, XOMA and Ology Bioservices entered into an asset purchase agreement under which Ology Bioservices agreed to acquire XOMA’s biodefense business and related assets (including, subject to government approval, certain contracts with the U.S. government), and to assume certain liabilities of XOMA. As part of the transaction, the parties entered into an intellectual property license agreement (the “Ology Bioservices License Agreement”), under which XOMA agreed to license to Ology Bioservices certain intellectual property rights related to the purchased assets. Under the Ology Bioservices s License Agreement, the Company is eligible to receive contingent consideration up to a maximum of $4.5 million in cash and 23,008 shares of common stock of Ology Bioservices, based upon Ology Bioservices achieving certain specified future operational objectives. In addition, the Company is eligible to receive 15% royalties on net sales of any future Ology Bioservices products covered by or involving the related patents or know-how.

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On March 17, 2016, the Company effected a novation of the NIAID Contract to Ology Bioservices. On March 23, 2016, the Company completed the transfer of the NIAID Contract and certain related third-party service contracts and materials, and the grant of exclusive and non-exclusive licenses for certain of its patents and general know-how to Ology Bioservices. The Company believes that the NIAID Contract and certain related third-party service contracts and materials related to the biodefense program transferred to Ology Bioservices include a sufficient number of key inputs and processes necessary to generate output from a market participant’s perspective. Accordingly, the Company has determined that such assets qualify as a business. The transaction had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of, and for the year ended, December 31, 2016.

In February 2017, the Company executed an Amendment and Restatement to both the asset purchase agreement and Ology Bioservices License Agreement primarily to (i) remove Ology Bioservices’ obligation to issue 23,008 shares to the Company of its common stock under the asset purchase agreement, and (ii) revise the payment schedule related to the timing of the $4.5 million cash payments due to the Company under the Ology Bioservices License Agreement. Of the $4.5 million, $3.0 million is contingent upon Ology Bioservices achieving certain specified future operating objectives. In the first quarter of 2017, the Company was entitled to receive $1.6 million under the agreement. During the third quarter of 2017, Ology Bioservices achieved the specified operating objectives and the Company earned the $3.0 million milestone payment. Based on the payment terms pursuant to the amended Ology Bioservices License Agreement, the Company was entitled to receive $4.6 million. Of the $4.6 million, the Company received $0.3 million and $0.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, which was recognized as other income in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). As the amended Ology Bioservices License Agreement involves extended payment terms, the remaining $3.9 million, of which $2.7 million is related to the milestone and due in monthly installments and $1.2 million is due in quarterly installments through September 2018, will be recognized as other income as the payments are received.

7. Restructuring Charges

On December 19, 2016, the Board of Directors approved a restructuring of the Company’s business based on its decision to focus the Company’s efforts on clinical development, with an initial focus on the X358 clinical programs. The restructuring included a reduction-in-force in which the Company terminated 57 employees (the “2016 Restructuring”). In addition, effective December 21, 2016, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer retired from his position. In early 2017, the Company further revised its strategy to prioritize out-licensing activities and further curtail research and development spending (the “2017 Restructuring”) and terminated five additional employees.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded a credit of $29,000 and a charge of $3.5 million, respectively, related to severance, other termination benefits and outplacement services in connection with the workforce reductions resulting from the 2017 Restructuring and 2016 Restructuring activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company paid a total of $6.6 million associated with the 2017 Restructuring and 2016 Restructuring activities. Of the remaining accrued restructuring of $0.4 million, the Company expects to pay $0.3 million in the remainder of 2017 and the remaining $0.1 million related to executive severance will continue to be paid through March 2018.   

The following table summarizes the accrued restructuring costs on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2017 (in thousands):

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8. Long-Term Debt

Novartis Note

In May 2005, the Company executed a secured note agreement (the “Note Agreement”) with Novartis AG, which was due and payable in full in June 2015. Under the Note Agreement, the Company borrowed semi-annually to fund up to 75% of the Company’s research and development and commercialization costs under its collaboration arrangement with Novartis AG, not to exceed $50.0 million in aggregate principal amount. Interest on the principal amount of the loan accrued at six-month LIBOR plus 2%, which was equal to 3.44% at September 30, 2017 and is payable semi-annually in June and December of each year. Additionally, the interest rate resets in June and December of each year. At the Company’s election, the semi-annual interest payments could be added to the outstanding principal amount, in lieu of a cash payment, as long as the aggregate principal amount did not exceed $50.0 million. The Company made this election for all interest payments. Loans under the Note Agreement were secured by the Company’s interest in its collaboration with Novartis AG, including any payments owed to it thereunder. Pursuant to the terms of the arrangement as restructured in November 2008, the Company did not make any additional borrowings under the Novartis AG note.

In June 2015, the Company and Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc. (“NVDI”) agreed to extend the maturity date of the Note Agreement from June 21, 2015, to September 30, 2015 (the “June 2015 Extension Letter”). On September 30, 2015, concurrent with the execution of a license agreement with Novartis, XOMA and NIBR, who assumed the rights to the note from NVDI executed an amendment to the June 2015 Extension Letter (the “Secured Note Amendment”) under which the parties further extended the maturity date of the June 2015 Extension Letter from September 30, 2015 to September 30, 2020, and eliminated the mandatory prepayment previously required to be made with certain proceeds of pre-tax profits and royalties. In addition, upon achievement of a specified development and regulatory milestone, the then-outstanding principal amount of the Note Agreement will be reduced by $7.3 million rather than the Company receiving such amount as a cash payment. All other terms of the original Note Agreement remain unchanged.

On September 22, 2017, in connection with the XOMA-052 License Agreement with Novartis AG, the Company and NIBR executed an amendment to the Secured Note Amendment under which the parties further extended the maturity date of the Secured Note Amendment from September 30, 2020 to September 30, 2022. All other terms of the Secured Note Amendment and original Note Agreement remain unchanged. The Company determined that the amendment resulted in a debt modification. As a result, the Secured Note Amendment will continue to be accounted for using the effective interest method, with a new effective interest rate based on revised cash flows calculated on a prospective basis upon the execution of the amendment.

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the outstanding principal balance under the Secured Note Amendment was $14.3 million and $14.1 million, respectively, and was included in interest bearing obligations – non-current in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Servier Loan Agreement

In December 2010, in connection with the Collaboration Agreement entered into with Servier, the Company executed a loan agreement with Servier (the “Servier Loan Agreement”), which provided for an advance of up to €15.0 million. The loan was fully funded in January 2011, with the proceeds converting to approximately $19.5 million. The loan was secured by an interest in XOMA’s intellectual property rights to gevokizumab and its use in indications worldwide, excluding certain rights in the U.S. and Japan. Interest was calculated at a floating rate based on a Euro Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”) and subjected to a cap. The interest rate was reset semi-annually in January and July of each year. Interest for the six-month period from mid-January 2017 through mid-July 2017 was reset to 1.77%. Interest for the six-month period from mid-July 2017 through mid-January 2018 was reset to 1.73%. Interest was payable semi-annually.

On January 9, 2015, Servier and the Company entered into Amendment No. 2 (the “Loan Amendment”) to the Servier Loan Agreement initially entered into on December 30, 2010 and subsequently amended by a Consent, Transfer, Assumption and Amendment Agreement entered into as of August 12, 2013. The Loan Amendment extended the maturity date of the loan from January 13, 2016 to three tranches of principal to be repaid as follows: €3.0 million on January 15, 2016, €5.0 million on January 15, 2017, and €7.0 million on January 15, 2018. All other terms of the Servier Loan Agreement remained unchanged. The loan would be immediately due and payable upon certain customary events of default. In January 2016, the Company made payments of €3.0 million in principal and €0.2 million in accrued interest to Servier.

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In January 2017, the Company entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Servier Loan Agreement (the “Amendment No. 3”). The Amendment No. 3 extended the maturity date of the portion of the loan equal to €5.0 million due on January 15, 2017 to July 15, 2017. The other terms of the Servier Loan Agreement remained unchanged. The Company determined that Amendment No. 3 resulted in a debt modification. As a result, the loan continued to be accounted for using the effective interest method, with a new effective interest rate based on revised cash flows calculated on a prospective basis upon the execution of the Amendment No. 3.

Upon initial issuance, the loan had a stated interest rate lower than the market rate based on comparable loans held by similar companies, which represented additional value to the Company. The Company recorded this additional value as a discount to the carrying value of the loan amount, at its fair value of $8.9 million. The fair value of this discount, which was determined using a discounted cash flow model, represented the differential between the stated terms and rates of the loan, and market rates. Based on the association of the loan with the Collaboration Agreement, the Company recorded the offset to this discount as deferred revenue.

The loan discount was amortized to interest expense under the effective interest method over the remaining life of the loan. The loan discount balance at the time of the Loan Amendment was $1.9 million, which was being amortized over the remaining term of the Loan Amendment. The loan discount balance at the time of Amendment No. 3 was $0.4 million, which was being amortized over the remaining term of the loan. The Company recorded non-cash interest expense resulting from the amortization of the loan discount of $0.2 million and $0.2 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company recorded non-cash interest expense resulting from the amortization of the loan discount of $0.4 million and $0.5 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. At December 31, 2016, the net carrying value of the loan was $12.2 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded unrealized foreign exchange gains of $4,000 and $25,000, respectively, related to the re-measurement of the loan discount. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company recorded unrealized foreign exchange gains of $6,000 and $26,000, respectively, related to the re-measurement of the loan discount.

The outstanding principal balance under this loan was $12.6 million, using a euro to US dollar exchange rate of 1.052 as of December 31, 2016. The Company recorded unrealized foreign exchange losses of $0.6 million and $1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, related to the re-measurement of the loan. The Company recorded an unrealized foreign exchange losses of $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, related to the re-measurement of the loan.

On August 25, 2017, NIBR settled the Servier Loan in cash by paying directly to Servier $14.3 million which represented the outstanding balance of the loan based on a euro to dollar exchange rate of 1.1932. The funds that NIBR paid directly to Servier were a portion of the upfront payment due to XOMA under the XOMA-052 License Agreement (see Note 4). As a result of the debt being fully paid, the intellectual property securing the Servier Loan Agreement was released. A loss on extinguishment of $0.1 million from the payoff of the loan was recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.  

Hercules Term Loan

On February 27, 2015, the Company and Hercules Technology Growth Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”) entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Hercules Term Loan”). The Hercules Term Loan had a variable interest rate that was the greater of either (i) 9.40% plus the prime rate as reported from time to time in The Wall Street Journal minus 7.25%, or (ii) 9.40%. The payments under the Hercules Term Loan were interest only until June 1, 2016. The interest-only period was followed by equal monthly payments of principal and interest amortized over a 30-month schedule through the scheduled maturity date of September 1, 2018. As security for its obligations under the Hercules Term Loan, the Company granted a security interest in substantially all of its existing and after-acquired assets, excluding its intellectual property assets.

The Hercules Term Loan included customary affirmative and restrictive covenants, but did not include any financial maintenance covenants, and also included standard events of default, including payment defaults. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, a default interest rate of an additional 5% may have been applied to the outstanding loan balances, and Hercules may have declared all outstanding obligations immediately due and payable and taken such other actions as set forth in the Hercules Term Loan.

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The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $0.5 million in connection with the Hercules Term Loan. The Company was required to pay a final payment fee equal to $1.2 million on the maturity date, or such earlier date as the term loan was paid in full. The debt issuance costs and final payment fee were being amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest expense over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. The Company recorded non-cash interest expense resulting from the amortization of the debt issuance costs and accretion of the final payment of zero and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. The Company recorded non-cash interest expense resulting from the amortization of the debt issuance costs and accretion of the final payment of $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016, the outstanding principal balance of the Hercules Term Loan was $17.5 million, and the net carrying value was $16.9 million.

On March 21, 2017, the Hercules Term Loan was paid in full and the Company was not required to pay the 1% prepayment charge due pursuant to the terms of the loan. A loss on extinguishment of $0.5 million from the payoff of the Hercules Term Loan was recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

In connection with the Hercules Term Loan, the Company issued unregistered warrants that entitle Hercules to purchase up to an aggregate of 9,063 unregistered shares of XOMA common stock at an exercise price equal to $66.20 per share. These warrants were exercisable immediately and have a five-year term expiring in February 2020. The Company allocated the aggregate proceeds of the Hercules Term Loan between the warrants and the debt obligation. The estimated fair value of the warrants issued to Hercules of $0.5 million was determined using the Black-Scholes Model and was recorded as a discount to the debt obligation. The debt discount was being amortized over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. The warrants are classified in stockholders’ deficit on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2017, all of these warrants were outstanding.

Interest Expense

Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts are included in interest expense. Interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) relates to the following debt instruments (in thousands):

9. Common Stock Warrants

As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the following common stock warrants were outstanding:

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In March 2012, in connection with an underwritten offering, the Company issued five-year warrants to purchase 741,729 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $35.20 per share. These warrants contained provisions that were contingent on the occurrence of a change in control, which could conditionally obligate the Company to repurchase the warrants for cash in an amount equal to their estimated fair value using the Black-Scholes Model on the date of such change in control. Due to these provisions, the Company accounted for the warrants issued in March 2012 as a liability at estimated fair value. In addition, the estimated fair value of the liability related to the warrants was revalued at each reporting period until the earlier of the exercise of the warrants, at which time the liability would be reclassified to stockholders' (deficit) equity at its then estimated fair value, or expiration of the warrants. In March 2017, all of these warrants expired unexercised.

10. Legal Proceedings, Commitments and Contingencies

Collaborative Agreements, Royalties and Milestone Payments

The Company has committed to make potential future “milestone” payments to third parties as part of licensing and development programs. Payments under these agreements become due and payable only upon the achievement of certain developmental, regulatory and commercial milestones by the Company’s licensees. Because it is uncertain if and when these milestones will be achieved, such contingencies, aggregating up to $15.5 million (assuming one product per contract meets all milestones events) have not been recorded on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company is unable to determine precisely when and if payment obligations under the agreements will become due as these obligations are based on milestone events, the achievement of which is subject to a significant number of risks and uncertainties.

Lease Agreement

The Company leases facilities and office equipment under operating leases expiring on various dates through April 2023. These leases require the Company to pay taxes, insurance, maintenance and minimum lease payments. For each facility lease, the Company has two successive renewal options to extend the lease for five years upon the expiration of the initial lease term.

In September 2017, the Company entered into a lease agreement for an office facility in Emeryville, California. The lease has a term of 63 months and commenced on October 1, 2017. Under the lease agreement the Company will make total lease payments of $1.3 million through November 2022. The Company accounts for the new lease as an operating lease.

Legal Proceedings

On July 24, 2015, a purported securities class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned Markette v. XOMA Corp., et al. (Case No. 3:15-cv-3425) against the Company, its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Medical Officer. The complaint asserts that all defendants violated Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and SEC Rule 10b-5, by making materially false or misleading statements regarding the Company’s EYEGUARD-B study between November 6, 2014 and July 21, 2015. The plaintiff also alleges that Messrs. Varian and Rubin violated Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. The plaintiff seeks class certification, an award of unspecified compensatory damages, an award of reasonable costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees, and other further relief as the Court may deem just and proper. On May 13, 2016, the Court appointed a lead plaintiff and lead counsel. The lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint on July 8, 2016 asserting the same claims and adding a former director as a defendant. On September 2, 2016, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss with prejudice the amended complaint. The plaintiff filed his opposition to the motion to dismiss on October 7, 2016. The defendants filed a reply on October 21, 2016. The judge in the case has advised that he will rule on the motion based on those pleadings, but has not yet issued a ruling. On May 26, 2017, the judge ordered supplemental briefing on the motion to dismiss based on a recent decision issued in the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, City of Dearborn Heights Act 345 Police & Retirement Sys. v. Align Tech., Inc., 2017 WL 1753276 (9th Cir. May 5, 2017).  The parties filed supplemental briefs on June 9, 2017. On September 28, 2017, the Court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss with leave to amend. On October 24, 2017, the parties filed a Joint Stipulation, agreeing to dismiss the action.  On October 25, 2017, the Court granted the Stipulation, issuing an Order of Dismissal.  The Order dismisses the action with prejudice with respect to the named Plaintiff’s individual claims and without prejudice with respect to unnamed class members.  

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On October 1, 2015, a stockholder purporting to act on the behalf of the Company, filed a derivative lawsuit in the Superior Court of California for the County of Alameda, purportedly asserting claims on behalf of the Company against certain of its officers and the members of Board of Directors of the Company, captioned Silva v. Scannon, et al. (Case No. RG15787990). The lawsuit asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste and unjust enrichment based on the dissemination of allegedly false and misleading statements related to the Company’s EYEGUARD-B study. The plaintiff is seeking unspecified monetary damages and other relief, including reforms and improvements to the Company’s corporate governance and internal procedures. This action has been stayed pending further developments in the securities class action. Management believes that the allegations have no merit and intends to vigorously defend against the claims. Currently, the Company does not believe that the outcome of this matter will have a material adverse effect on its business or financial condition. The Company cannot reasonably estimate the possible loss or range of loss that may arise from this lawsuit.

On November 16 and November 25, 2015, two derivative lawsuits were filed purportedly on the Company’s behalf in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned Fieser v. Van Ness, et al. (Case No. 4:15-CV-05236-HSG) and Csoka v. Varian, et al. (Case No. 3:15-cv-05429-SI), against certain of the Company’s officers and members of its Board of Directors. The lawsuits assert claims for breach of fiduciary duty and other violations of law based on the dissemination of allegedly false and misleading statements related to the Company’s EYEGUARD-B study. Plaintiffs seek unspecified monetary damages and other relief including reforms and improvements to the Company’s corporate governance and internal procedures. Both actions have been stayed pending further developments in the securities class action. Management believes the allegations have no merit and intends to vigorously defend against the claims. Currently, the Company does not believe that the outcome of this matter will have a material adverse effect on its business or financial condition. The Company cannot reasonably estimate the possible loss or range of loss that may arise from this lawsuit.

11. Stock-based Compensation

The Company grants qualified and non-qualified stock options, RSUs, common stock and other stock-based awards under various plans to directors, officers, employees and other individuals. Stock options are granted at exercise prices of not less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Additionally, the Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) that allows employees to purchase Company shares at a purchase price equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first trading day of the offering period or on the last day of the offering period.

In February 2017, the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors adopted, and in May 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved, an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated 2010 Long Term Incentive and Stock Award Plan (the “Long Term Incentive Plan”). The amendment (a) increases the number of shares of common stock issuable over the term of the plan by an additional 1,470,502 to 2,579,062 shares in the aggregate; (b) increases the number of shares of common stock issuable under the plan as incentive stock options by an additional 2,004,087 to 2,579,062 shares; (c) increases the per person award limits for purposes of compliance with Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code to 2,000,000 shares for options and stock appreciation rights and to 2,000,000 shares for other types of stock awards; and (d) for purposes of Section 162(m) (i) confirms existing performance criteria upon which performance goals may be based with respect to performance awards under the Long Term Incentive Plan, and (ii) confirms existing means of adjustment when calculating the attainment of performance goals for performance awards granted under the Long Term Incentive Plan.

In February 2017, the Compensation Committee and the Board of Directors adopted, and in May 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved, an amendment to the Company’s 2015 ESPP. The amendment (a) increases by 250,000 the shares of common stock (from 15,000 shares to a total of 265,000 shares) available for issuance under the 2015 ESPP; and (b) increases the maximum number of shares of common stock an employee may purchase in any offering period to 2,500.

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Stock Options

In February 2017, the Board of Directors approved a grant of 1,018,000 stock options to members of the Board of Directors, executives, and non-executive employees, subject to approval by the Company’s stockholders of an increase in the available shares under the Long Term Incentive Plan at the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. In May 2017, the shareholders approved the increase in the number of shares available for issuance under the Company’s Long Term Incentive Plan and 998,000 stock options were issued upon approval. As such, the stock options approved for grant in February 2017 were not deemed granted for accounting purposes until May 2017. The stock options granted to the non-employee board members and non-executive employees vest monthly over three years from the grant date. The stock options granted to the executives contain a combination of time-based and corporate performance-based vesting conditions. Stock-based compensation expense associated with the corporate performance-based stock options is recognized if the performance condition is considered probable of achievement using management’s best estimates. As of September 30, 2017, the achievement of certain corporate-based milestones was deemed probable and therefore the related expense is being recognized over the remaining service period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized stock-based compensation expense of $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively, related to stock options with performance-based vesting criteria.

The stock options generally vest monthly over three to four years for employees and one year for directors. Stock options held by employees who qualify for retirement age (defined as employees that are a minimum of 55 years of age and the sum of their age plus years of full-time employment with the Company exceeds 70 years) vest on the earlier of scheduled vest date or the date of retirement. The fair value of the stock options granted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, was estimated based on the following weighted average assumptions:

Stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was as follows:

Of the stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2017, 412,500 were granted subject to performance objectives tied to the achievement of corporate goals set by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors and will vest in full or part based on achievement of such goals. As of September 30, 2017, the Company did not consider achievement of certain of the performance objectives to be probable and therefore the Company did not include any stock-based compensation expense for those stock options. As of September 30, 2017, the grant date fair value of awards outstanding for which the Company determined that it was not probable that it will achieve the goals was $0.7 million.

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Restricted Stock Units

RSUs generally vest annually over three years for employees and one year for directors. RSUs held by employees who qualify for retirement age (defined as employees that are a minimum of 55 years of age and the sum of their age plus years of full-time employment with the Company exceeds 70 years) vest on the earlier of scheduled vest date or the date of retirement. The valuation of RSUs is determined at the date of grant using the closing stock price.

RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, is summarized below:

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The following table shows total stock-based compensation expense for stock options, RSUs and ESPP in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) (in thousands):

12. Capital Stock

Biotechnology Value Fund Financing

In February 2017, the Company sold 1,200,000 shares of its common stock and 5,003 shares of Series X convertible preferred stock directly to Biotechnology Value Fund, L.P. and certain of its affiliates (“BVF”) in a registered direct offering, for aggregate net cash proceeds of $24.9 million.

BVF purchased the shares of common stock from the Company at a price of $4.03 per share, the closing stock price on the date of purchase. Each share of Series X convertible preferred stock has a stated value of $4,030 per share and is convertible into 1,000 shares of registered common stock based on a conversion price of $4.03 per share of common stock. The total number of shares of common stock issued upon conversion of all issued Series X convertible preferred stock will be 5,003,000 shares. Each share is convertible at the option of the holder at any time, provided that the holder will be prohibited from converting into common stock if, as a result of such conversion, the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own a number of shares above a conversion blocker, which is initially set at 19.99% of the total common stock then issued and outstanding immediately following the conversion of such shares. As of September 30, 2017, BVF owned approximately 18.5% of the Company’s total outstanding shares, and if all of the Series X convertible preferred shares were converted, BVF would own 49.5% of the Company’s total outstanding common shares. As of September 30, 2017, none of the preferred stock has been converted into shares of the Company’s common stock.

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The designations, preferences, rights and limitations of the convertible preferred shares are set forth in a Certificate of Designation of Preferences, Rights and Limitations of Series X convertible preferred stock filed with the Delaware Secretary of State. Shares of Series X convertible preferred stock will generally have no voting rights, except as required by law and except that the consent of the holders of the outstanding Series X convertible preferred stock will be required to amend the terms of the Series X preferred stock and to approve certain corporate actions. In the event of the Company’s liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of Series X convertible preferred stock will participate, on a pro-rata basis, with any distribution of proceeds to holders of common stock. Holders of Series X convertible preferred stock are entitled to receive dividends on shares of Series X convertible preferred stock equal (on an as if converted to common stock basis) to and in the same form as dividends actually paid on the Company’s common stock or other junior securities.

The Company evaluated the Series X convertible preferred stock for liability or equity classification under the applicable accounting guidance, and determined that equity treatment was appropriate because the Series X convertible preferred stock did not meet the definition of the liability instruments defined thereunder for convertible instruments. Specifically, the Series X convertible preferred shares are not mandatorily redeemable and do not embody an obligation to buy back the shares outside of the Company’s control in a manner that could require the transfer of assets. Additionally, the Company determined that the Series X convertible preferred stock would be recorded as permanent equity, not temporary equity, based on the relevant guidance given that they are not redeemable for cash or other assets (i) on a fixed or determinable date, (ii) at the option of the holder, and (iii) upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within control of the Company.

The Company has also evaluated the embedded conversion and redemption features within the Series X convertible preferred stock in accordance with the accounting guidance for derivatives. Based on this assessment, the Company determined that the conversion option is clearly and closely related to the equity host, and thus, bifurcation is not required. The contingent redemption feature was determined to not be clearly and closely related to the equity-like host; however, it met the criteria as a scope exception for derivative accounting. Therefore, the contingent redemption feature was also not bifurcated from the Series X convertible preferred stock.

The fair value of the common stock into which the Series X convertible preferred stock is convertible exceeded the allocated purchase price of the Series X convertible preferred stock by $5.6 million on the date of issuance, as such the Company recorded a deemed dividend. The Company recognized the resulting beneficial conversion feature as a deemed dividend equal to the number of shares of Series X convertible preferred stock sold on February 16, 2017 multiplied by the difference between the fair value of the common stock and the Series X convertible preferred stock effective conversion price per share on that date. The dividend was reflected as a one-time, non-cash, deemed dividend to the holders of Series X convertible preferred stock on the date of issuance, which is the date the stock first became convertible.

ATM Agreements

On November 12, 2015, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “2015 ATM Agreement”) with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”), under which the Company may offer and sell from time to time at its sole discretion shares of its common stock through Cowen as its sales agent, in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75 million. Cowen may sell the shares by any method permitted by law deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act, including without limitation sales made directly on The NASDAQ Global Market, on any other existing trading market for the Company’s common stock or to or through a market maker. Cowen also may sell the shares in privately negotiated transactions, subject to the Company’s prior approval. The Company will pay Cowen a commission equal to 3% of the gross proceeds of the sales price of all shares sold through it as sales agent under the 2015 ATM Agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company sold a total of 110,252 shares of common stock under the ATM Agreement for aggregate gross proceeds of $0.6 million. Total offering costs of $0.2 million were offset against the proceeds upon sale of common stock.

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Common Stock Purchase Agreement

In August 2017, in connection with the XOMA-052 License Agreement, the Company and Novartis AG entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement under which Novartis AG purchased 539,131 shares of the Company’s common stock, at a price per share of $9.2742 for the aggregate purchase price of $5.0 million in cash. The fair market value of the common stock issued to Novartis AG was $4.8 million, based on the closing stock price of $8.93 per share on the effective date of the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, or August 24, 2017. The excess of the purchase price over the fair market value of the common stock represents a premium of $0.2 million which was accounted for as additional consideration to the license agreements (See Note 4 for further discussion). The shares issued to Novartis AG are unregistered securities and the Company agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to make and keep public information available and timely file all reports and other documents with the SEC as required of the Company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  If, after the six month anniversary of the closing of the Common Stock Purchase Agreement, the shares of common stock continue to be restricted securities for purposes of Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), upon a request by Novartis, the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to register the shares for resale under the Securities Act on a registration statement on Form S-3, to be filed within 60 days of the written request, and will use commercially reasonable efforts to keep such registration statement continuously effective under the Securities Act until the date all of the shares of common stock covered by such registration statement have been sold or can be sold publicly without restriction or limitation under Rule 144.

13. Income Taxes

The Company’s provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 differs from the amounts computed by multiplying the federal statutory rate by income before taxes primary due to a reduction in the valuation allowance and the use of a tax credit carryforward.  The Company is subject to an ownership change pursuant to IRC Section 382 which occurred in February 2017 which significantly limits its ability to further use its net operating loss carryforwards against its 2017 taxable income.  Due to ongoing losses, the Company did not record a provision for income taxes for any period in 2016.  

Accounting standards provide for the recognition of deferred tax assets if realization of such assets is more likely than not. Based upon the weight of available evidence, which includes the Company’s historical operating performance and carry-back potential, the Company has determined that its total deferred tax assets should be fully offset by a valuation allowance as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections. Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to them. In some cases you can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “potential,” “intend” and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. Examples of these statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding: the sufficiency of our cash resources, our future operating expenses, our future losses, our future expenditures for research and development, our ability to consummate our proposed agreement with Servier, the progress of our research programs, including clinical testing, the extent to which our issued and pending patents may protect our products and technology, our ability to identify new product candidates, the potential of such product candidates to lead to the development of commercial products, our ability to receive potential milestone or royalty payments under collaboration agreements and the timing of receipt of those payments, the timing and adequacy of cost-cutting measures, and our ability to defend against claims that have been made in litigation. These statements are based on assumptions that may not prove accurate. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated due to certain risks inherent in the biotechnology industry and for companies engaged in the development of new products in a regulated market. Among other things: our product candidates are still being developed, and we will require substantial funds to continue development which may not be available; we may not realize the expected benefits of our cost-saving initiatives; we may not be successful in entering into out-license agreements for our product candidates; if our therapeutic product candidates do not receive regulatory approval, neither our third-party licensees, our contract manufacturers nor we will be able to manufacture and market them; products or technologies of other companies may render some or all of our product candidates noncompetitive or obsolete; we do not know whether there will be, or will continue to be, a viable market for the products in which we have an ownership or royalty interest; we may not obtain orphan drug exclusivity or we may not receive the full benefit of orphan drug exclusivity even if we obtain such exclusivity; even once approved, a product may be subject to additional testing or significant marketing restrictions, its approval may be withdrawn or it may be voluntarily taken off the market; we and our licensees are subject to various state and federal healthcare related laws and regulations that may impact the commercialization of our product candidates and could subject us to significant fines and penalties; and certain of our technologies are in-licensed from third parties, so our capabilities using them are restricted and subject to additional risks. These and other risks, including those related to current economic and financial market conditions, are contained principally in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other filings with the SEC. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should read this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from those we expect. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements and notes thereto included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included as part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Overview

XOMA Corporation (“XOMA”, “we”, or “us”), a Delaware corporation, has a long history of discovering and developing innovative therapeutics derived from its unique platform of antibody technologies. We have historically advanced product candidates into the earlier stages of development and then sought to license product candidates to licensees who assume the responsibilities of later stage development, approval and commercialization.

In 2016, we dedicated our research and development efforts to advancing our portfolio of product candidates that have the potential to treat a variety of endocrine diseases, including advancing the development of X358 for the treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism (“CHI”) and hypoglycemia in hyperinsulinemic patients post-bariatric surgery (“PBS”). In addition, we have historically licensed our antibody technologies on a non-exclusive basis to other companies who desire to access the antibody platform for their own discovery efforts. In March 2017, we revised our strategy to instead focus on building out our portfolio of programs that are fully funded by other biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies and for which milestone and royalty payments are potentially due. The result is a focus on out-licensing our un-partnered product candidates to partners who will continue the development and commercialization of these assets. We expect that a significant portion of any future revenue will be based on payments we may receive from our licensees. In addition, we intend to acquire potential milestone and royalty revenue streams on additional assets.

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Recent Business Developments

Novartis License Agreement

On August 24, 2017 (the “Effective Date”), we entered into a license agreement (the “XOMA-052 License Agreement”) with Novartis Pharma AG (“Novartis AG”) under which we granted to Novartis AG an exclusive, worldwide, royalty-bearing license to gevokizumab, a novel anti-Interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta allosteric monoclonal antibody (the “Antibody”) and related know-how and patents (altogether, the “XOMA IP”). Within 90 days of the Effective Date, we will transfer certain proprietary know-how, process, materials and inventory relating to the XOMA IP to Novartis AG.

On August 24, 2017, pursuant to a separate agreement (the “IL-1 Beta Target Agreement”), we granted to Novartis AG non-exclusive licenses to its intellectual property covering the use of IL-1 beta targeting antibodies in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and other diseases and conditions, and an exclusive option to obtain an exclusive license to such intellectual property for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. We also granted Novartis AG the right of first negotiation with respect to certain transactions relating to the licensed intellectual property.

Under the XOMA-052 License Agreement, we received a total consideration of $30.0 million for the license and rights granted to Novartis AG. Of the total consideration, $15.7 million was paid in cash and $14.3 million (equal to €12.0 million) was paid by Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. (“NIBR”), on behalf of the Company, to settle the Company’s debt to Les Laboratories Servier (“Servier Loan”). We also received $5.0 million cash related to the sale of 539,131 shares of our common stock. Based on the achievement of pre-specified criteria, we are eligible to receive up to $438.0 million in development, regulatory and commercial milestones. We are also eligible to receive royalties on sales of licensed products, which are tiered based on sales levels and range from the high single digits to mid-teens. Under the IL-1 Beta Target Agreement, we received a $10.0 million upfront payment and are eligible to receive low-single-digit royalties on canakinumab sales in cardiovascular indications. We also granted to Novartis AG an exclusive option to convert its non-exclusive license with respect to cardiovascular indications into an exclusive license. Should Novartis AG exercise this option, the royalties on canakinumab sales will increase to the mid-single digits.

On September 22, 2017, in connection with the XOMA-052 License Agreement with Novartis AG, we and NIBR executed an amendment to the Secured Note Amendment under which the parties extended the maturity date of the Secured Note Amendment from September 30, 2020 to September 30, 2022.

Equity Financing

In February 2017, we sold 1,200,000 shares of our common stock and 5,003 shares of Series X convertible preferred stock directly to Biotechnology Value Fund, L.P. and certain of its affiliates (“BVF”) in a registered direct offering, for aggregate net proceeds of $24.9 million. BVF purchased the shares of our common stock at a price of $4.03 per share, the closing stock price on the date of purchase. Each share of Series X convertible preferred stock has a stated value of $4,030 per share and is convertible into 1,000 shares of registered common stock based on a conversion price of $4.03 per share of common stock. The total number of shares of common stock issued upon conversion of all issued Series X convertible preferred stock will be 5,003,000 shares. Each share is convertible at the option of the holder at any time, provided that the holder will be prohibited from converting into common stock if, as a result of such conversion, the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own a number of shares above a conversion blocker, which is initially set at 19.99% of the total common stock then issued and outstanding immediately following the conversion of such shares.

The fair value of the common stock into which the Series X convertible preferred stock is convertible exceeded the allocated purchase price of the Series X convertible preferred stock by $5.6 million on the date of issuance, as such we recorded a deemed dividend. We recognized the resulting beneficial conversion feature as a deemed dividend equal to the number of shares of Series X convertible preferred stock sold on February 16, 2017 multiplied by the difference between the fair value of the common stock and the Series X convertible preferred stock effective conversion price per share on that date. The dividend was reflected as a one-time, non-cash, deemed dividend to the holders of Series X convertible preferred stock on the date of issuance, which is the date the stock first became convertible.

Hercules Term Loan

On March 21, 2017, we paid off our outstanding principal balance, final payment fee and accrued interest amounts totaling $6.5 million under our loan and security agreement with Hercules Technology Growth Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”).

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Servier Loan

In January 2017, we entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Servier Loan. Amendment No. 3 extended the maturity date of the portion of the loan equal to €5.0 million due on January 15, 2017 to July 15, 2017. The other terms of the loan remained unchanged.

In August 2017, in connection with the XOMA-052 License Agreement, the Servier Loan balance of €12.0 million was paid in full.

Asset Purchase Agreement and License Agreement with Ology Bioservices, Inc.

In February 2017, we executed an Amendment and Restatement to both the asset purchase agreement and license agreement with Ology Bioservices, Inc. (“Ology Bioservices”) (formerly known as Nanotherapeutics, Inc.) primarily to (i) remove the obligation to issue 23,008 shares of common stock of Ology Bioservices under the asset purchase agreement, and (ii) revise the payment schedule related to the timing of the $4.5 million cash payments due to us under the license agreement. Of the $4.5 million, $3.0 million was a milestone contingent upon Ology Bioservices achieving certain specified future operating objectives which were achieved in August 2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we received a total of $0.7 million, which was recognized as other income in the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As the amended license agreement involves extended payment terms, the remaining $3.9 million, of which $2.7 million related to the milestone is due in monthly installments and $1.2 million is due in quarterly installments through September 2018 will be recognized as other income as the payments are received.

Termination of Novo Nordisk A/S License Agreement

On April 20, 2017, we received notice from Novo Nordisk A/S regarding the termination of its Exclusive License Agreement with us due to strategic and business reasons. The termination of the Exclusive License Agreement became effective on July 20, 2017 in accordance with Section 10.2 of the Exclusive License Agreement.

Certain Factors Important to Understanding Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations

We have historically specialized in the discovery and development of innovative antibody-based therapeutics. In 2016, we dedicated our research and development efforts to advancing our portfolio of product candidates that have the potential to treat a variety of endocrine diseases, including advancing the development of X358 in CHI and hypoglycemia in hyperinsulinemic patients PBS. We have recently refined our business strategy to prioritize out-licensing of our internally developed product candidates while reducing further internal expenditures for research and development. Our long-term prospects depend upon the ability of our partners to successfully commercialize new therapeutics. Our financial performance is driven by many factors and is subject to the risks set forth in Part II, Item 1A - Risk Factors.

Critical Accounting Policies

Critical accounting policies are those that require significant judgment and/or estimates by management at the time that the financial statements are prepared such that materially different results might have been reported if other assumptions had been made. We consider certain accounting policies including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, research and development expense, contingent warrant liabilities, and stock-based compensation to be critical policies. Except for the issuance of performance-based equity awards, as described below and in Note 2 and Note 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, there have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared with those previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the SEC on March 16, 2017.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense for stock options and other stock awards is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value-based measurement. The valuation of stock-based compensation awards is determined at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model (the “Black-Scholes Model”). This model requires highly complex and subjective inputs, such as the expected term of the option, expected volatility, and risk-free interest rate. These inputs are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. Our current estimate of volatility is based on the historical volatility of our stock price. To the extent volatility in our stock price increases in the future, our estimates of the fair value of options granted in the future could increase, thereby increasing stock-based compensation cost recognized in future periods. To establish an estimate of expected term, we consider the vesting period and contractual period of the award and our historical experience of stock option exercises, post-vesting cancellations and volatility. The risk-free rate is based on the yield available on United States Treasury zero-coupon issues. In January 2017, pursuant to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, we made an election to record forfeitures when they occur.

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We review our valuation assumptions quarterly and, as a result, we likely will change our valuation assumptions used to value stock-based awards granted in future periods. In the future, as additional empirical evidence regarding these input estimates becomes available, we may change or refine our approach of deriving these input estimates. These changes could impact our fair value-based measurement of stock options granted in the future. Changes in the fair value-based measurement of stock awards could materially impact our operating results.

For our stock options and service-based awards, we recognize compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the award’s vesting period. In May 2017, we granted to certain employees equity awards with performance-based conditions. The actual number of equity awards earned and eligible to vest will be determined based on a specified level of achievement against a Board-approved budget. For awards with performance-based conditions, we record the expense over the remaining service period when management determines that achievement of the milestone is probable. Management evaluates when the achievement of a performance-based condition is probable based on the expected satisfaction of the performance conditions as of the reporting date. The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized during a period is based on the value of the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest.

Results of Operations

Revenues

Total revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, were as follows (in thousands):

License and Collaborative Fees

License and collaborative fees include fees and milestone payments related to the out-licensing of our product candidates and technologies. The increase in license and collaborative fee revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same periods of 2016, was primarily due to $35.4 million of license and collaborative fee revenue recognized in connection with the license agreements with Novartis AG and a $10.0 million milestone earned under our license agreement with Novartis International Pharmaceutical Ltd. for which there were no comparable revenues recognized in 2016.

Contract and Other Revenues

Contract and other revenues include agreements where we provided contracted research and development services to our contract and collaboration partners, including Servier and NIAID. Contract and other revenues also include royalties. The following table shows the activity in contract and other revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

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Our revenue from NIAID decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 due to the novation of our NIAID contract to Ology Bioservices in March 2016. The decrease in revenue from Servier for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was due to the termination of the collaboration agreement with Servier in March 2016. The royalty revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 relates to the amortization of the deferred revenue from the sale of royalty interests in December 2016 under the Royalty Interest Acquisition Agreements with HealthCare Royalty Partners II, L.P.

The generation of future revenues related to licenses, milestones, and royalties is dependent on our ability to attract new licensees to our antibody technologies, and the achievement of milestones or product sales by our existing licensees. Due to the termination of our collaboration agreement with Servier and the novation of our contract with NIAID to Ology Bioservices in March 2016, we do not anticipate significant future contract revenues.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were $0.3 million and $7.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, compared with $8.7 million and $36.0 million for the same periods in 2016. The decrease of $8.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same period of 2016, was primarily due to decreases of $3.5 million in salaries and related expenses, $1.8 million in external manufacturing activities, $1.2 million in the allocation of facilities and information technology costs, $0.9 million in clinical trial costs, and $0.4 million consulting costs. The decrease in external manufacturing costs included a one-time adjustment of $0.7 million to reverse the cost of a batch of drug material that did not meet quality standards. The decrease of $28.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as compared to the same period of 2016, was primarily due to decreases of $10.8 million in salaries and related expenses, $7.0 million in external manufacturing activities, $5.7 million in clinical trial costs, $3.2 million in the allocation of facilities and information technology costs, and $0.4 million in consulting costs . The decrease in allocation of facilities and information technology costs are a result of a decreased proportion of research and development employees as a result of our restructuring activities in December 2016 and June 2017.

Salaries and related personnel costs are a significant component of research and development expenses. We recorded $0.4 million and $1.8 million in research and development salaries and employee-related expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, as compared with $3.9 million and $12.6 million for the same periods in 2016. The decrease of $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to a $2.5 million decrease in salaries and benefits costs, primarily due to the headcount reductions resulting from the restructuring activities initiated in December 2016 and June 2017, and a $0.7 million decrease in stock-based compensation, which is a non-cash expense. The decrease of $10.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was mainly due to a $7.9 million decrease in salaries and benefits costs, primarily due to the headcount reductions resulting from the restructuring activities initiated in December 2016 and June 2017, and a $2.0 million decrease in stock-based compensation, which is a non-cash expense.

As our strategy has changed, so has our research and development spending activity. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, approximately 14% of our research and development expense spending related to collaborative and contract arrangements with Servier and NIAID with the remaining 86% relating to our internal projects; whereas 100% of our research and development spending for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 relates to our internal projects.  

For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, X358, for which we incurred the largest amount of expenses, accounted for between 70% and 80% of our total research and development expenses. Each of our remaining development programs accounted for less than 10% of our total research and development expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.  Due to our change in strategy, for the third quarter of 2017, we did not incur significant expenses for internally developed projects. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, X358, for which we incurred the largest amount of expenses, accounted for between 50% and 60% of our total research and development expenses. The gevokizumab program and our endocrine and immune-oncology research-stage programs each accounted for between 10% and 30% of our total research and development expenses. Each of our remaining development programs accounted for less than 10% of our total research and development expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016.

We expect our research and development spending during the remainder of 2017 will be reduced as compared with 2016 levels due to our 2016 and 2017 restructuring activities.

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General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include salaries and related personnel costs, facilities costs and professional fees. General and administrative expenses were $7.3 million and $17.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, compared with $4.1 million and $13.1 million for the same periods in 2016. The increase of $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was due primarily to increases of $1.9 million in consulting services, $1.0 million in the allocation of facilities and information technology costs due to a greater proportion of general and administrative personnel after our restructuring activities, and $1.0 million in stock compensation cost, partially offset by a $0.6 million decrease in salaries and benefits. The increase of $4.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was due primarily to increases of $2.9 million in the allocation of facilities and information technology costs due to a greater proportion of general and administrative personnel after our restructuring activities, $2.9 million in consulting services, and  $0.7 million increase in stock compensation cost, partially offset by a $2.2 million decrease in salaries and benefits costs related to the reduction in headcount from our restructuring activities. General and administrative costs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 included $1.8 million in additional consulting and legal fees to support the execution of our license agreements with Novartis AG in August 2017.

We expect our general and administrative expenses during the remainder of 2017 to be increased as compared with 2016 levels due to costs incurred associated with the execution of our license agreements with Novartis AG in August 2017 and the increase in allocated facilities and IT costs due to a greater proportion of general and administrative personnel following our restructuring activities.

Restructuring Charges

On December 21, 2016, we announced a restructuring of our business based on our decision to focus our efforts on clinical development, with an initial focus on the X358 clinical programs. The restructuring included a reduction-in-force in which we terminated 57 employees, which was implemented in December 2016 (the “2016 Restructuring”). In early 2017, we further revised our strategy to prioritize out-licensing activities and further curtail research and development spending and we eliminated an additional five employees with an effective termination date of June 30, 2017 (the “2017 Restructuring”).

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded a credit of $29,000 and a charge of $3.5 million, respectively, related to severance, other termination benefits and outplacement services for the 2016 Restructuring and 2017 Restructuring activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded a charge of $15,000, related to severance costs and contract termination costs resulting from restructuring activities initiated in August 2015. There were no such charges during the three months ended September 30, 2016.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest Expense

Amortization of debt issuance costs and discounts are included in interest expense. Interest expense is shown below for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

Interest expense related to the Hercules term loan decreased by $0.7 million and $1.7 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2016 due to the monthly payments of principal starting from July 2016. In addition, we made a special prepayment of $10.0 million under the Hercules term loan in January 2017 and paid off the remaining balance of the debt in March 2017. 

We expect interest expense during the remainder of 2017 to decrease as compared with 2016 due to the March 2017 payoff of the Hercules loan and August 2017 payoff of the Servier Loan.

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Other (Expense) Income, Net

The following table shows the activity in other (expense) income, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

Unrealized foreign exchange losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 primarily relate to the re-measurement of the Servier Loan. The loss of $0.1 million and the gain of $1.1 million on the sale and disposal of equipment and leasehold improvements is primarily related to the sale and disposal of equipment located in one of our leased facilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Revaluation of Contingent Warrant Liabilities

We have issued warrants that contained provisions that were contingent on the occurrence of a change in control, which could conditionally obligate us to repurchase the warrants for cash in an amount equal to their estimated fair value using the Black-Scholes Model on the date of such change in control. Due to these provisions, we accounted for the warrants issued as a liability at estimated fair value. In addition, the estimated liability related to the warrants was revalued at each reporting period until the earlier of the exercise of the warrants, at which time the liability would be reclassified to stockholders’ equity, or expiration of the warrants.

We revalued the March 2012 warrants at September 30, 2016 and recorded a $0.3 million and $7.5 million decrease in the estimated fair value as a gain on the revaluation of contingent warrant liabilities line of our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. As of March 31, 2017, all of these warrants had expired unexercised.

We revalued the December 2014 warrants at September 30, 2016 and recorded a zero and $3.0 million decrease in the estimated fair value as a gain on the revaluation of contingent warrant liabilities line of our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, all of these warrants had expired unexercised.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

In March 2017, we paid off our outstanding principal balance, final payment fee and accrued interest totaling $6.5 million under our loan and security agreement with Hercules, and we were not required to pay the 1% prepayment charge pursuant to the terms of the loan. We recognized a loss on extinguishment of $0.5 million from the payoff of the term loan as a separate line item on our condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

In August 2017, NIBR, on our behalf, paid off our outstanding principal balance and accrued interest on our Servier Loan totaling $14.3 million in conjunction with the XOMA-052 License Agreement. We recognized a loss on extinguishment of $0.1 million from the payoff of the loan as a separate line item on our condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.

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Provision for Income Taxes

The Company’s provision for income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 differs from the amounts computed by multiplying the federal statutory rate by income before taxes primary due to a reduction in the valuation allowance and the use of a tax credit carryforward.  The Company is subject to an ownership change pursuant to IRC Section 382 which occurred in February 2017 which significantly limits its ability to further use its net operating loss carryforwards against its 2017 taxable income.  Due to ongoing losses, the Company did not record a provision for income taxes for any period in 2016.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents, our working capital and our cash flow activities for each of the periods presented (in thousands):