Xtant Medical Holdings, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2022 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

or

Commission File Number: 001-34951

XTANT MEDICAL HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(406) 388-0480

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of common stock, $0.000001 par value per share, of registrant outstanding at August 2, 2022: 87,313,701.

XTANT MEDICAL HOLDINGS, INC. 

FORM 10-Q

June 30, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. For more information, see “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

As used in this report, unless the context indicates another meaning, the terms “we,” “us,” “our,” “Xtant,” “Xtant Medical,” and the “Company” mean Xtant Medical Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Xtant Medical, Inc., Bacterin International, Inc., and X-spine Systems, Inc., all of which are consolidated on Xtant’s condensed consolidated financial statements. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

We own various unregistered trademarks and service marks, including our corporate logo. Solely for convenience, the trademarks and trade names in this report are referred to without the ® and ™ symbols, but such references should not be construed as any indicator that the owner of such trademarks and trade names will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights thereto. We do not intend the use or display of other companies’ trademarks and trade names to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other companies.

We include our website address throughout this report for reference only. The information contained on or connected to our website is not incorporated by reference into this report.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions, or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts, or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” and “would,” as well as similar expressions, may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward looking. Forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q may include, for example, statements about the topics below and are subject to risks and uncertainties including without limitation those described below:

The forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties, or assumptions, many of which are beyond our control, which may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and this Form 10-Q.

Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

XTANT MEDICAL HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except number of shares and par value)

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

XTANT MEDICAL HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited, in thousands, except number of shares and per share amounts)

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

XTANT MEDICAL HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Unaudited, in thousands, except number of shares)

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

XTANT MEDICAL HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited, in thousands)

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Business Description, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Business Description and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Xtant Medical Holdings, Inc. (“Xtant”), a Delaware corporation, and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Xtant Medical, Inc. (“Xtant Medical”), a Delaware corporation, Bacterin International, Inc. (“Bacterin”), a Nevada corporation, and X-spine Systems, Inc. (“X-spine”), an Ohio corporation (Xtant, Xtant Medical, Bacterin, and X-spine are jointly referred to herein as the “Company” or sometimes “we,” “our,” or “us”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Xtant is a global medical technology company focused on the design, development, and commercialization of a comprehensive portfolio of orthobiologics and spinal implant systems to facilitate spinal fusion in complex spine, deformity, and degenerative procedures.

At the onset of, and at various times during, the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals and other medical facilities cancelled or deferred elective procedures, diverted resources to patients suffering from infections and limited access for non-patients, including our direct and indirect sales representatives. Especially during waves of increased cases and hospitalizations, surgeons and their patients have been required or chosen to defer procedures in which our products otherwise would be used, and many facilities that specialize in the procedures in which our products otherwise would be used have experienced temporary closures or reduced operating hours. These circumstances have negatively impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, the ability of our employees, independent sales representatives and distributors to effectively market and sell our products, which has had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on our revenues.

The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. They do not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles for annual consolidated financial statements, but in the opinion of management include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring items, necessary for a fair presentation.

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be achieved in the future for the full year ending December 31, 2022.

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, which are included in Xtant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. The accounting policies set forth in those annual consolidated financial statements are the same as the accounting policies utilized in the preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements, except as modified for appropriate interim consolidated financial statement presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements requires management of the Company to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Significant estimates include the carrying amount of property and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets and liabilities, valuation allowances for trade receivables, inventory and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, current and long-term lease obligations and corresponding right-of-use asset and estimates for the fair value of long-term debt, stock options and other equity awards upon which the Company determines stock-based compensation expense. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents classified as restricted cash on our condensed consolidated balance sheets are restricted as to withdrawal or use under the terms of certain contractual agreements. The June 30, 2022 balance included lockbox deposits that are temporarily restricted due to timing at the period end. The lockbox deposits are applied against our line of credit the next business day.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recovered. No impairments of long-lived assets were recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of costs over fair value of assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have indefinite useful lives are not amortized. Instead, they are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever events or circumstances indicate, the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. No impairments of goodwill were recorded for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Shares issued during the period and shares reacquired during the period are weighted for the portion of the period that they were outstanding. Diluted net loss per share is computed in a manner consistent with that of basic earnings per share while giving effect to all potentially dilutive shares of common stock outstanding during the period, which include the assumed exercise of stock options and warrants using the treasury stock method. Diluted net loss per share was the same as basic net loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, as shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants were anti-dilutive as a result of the net losses incurred for those periods. Our diluted earnings per share is the same as basic earnings per share, as the effects of including 12,474,376 and 11,982,139 outstanding stock options, restricted stock units and warrants for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, are anti-dilutive.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying values of financial instruments, including trade accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and long-term debt, approximate their fair values based on terms and related interest rates as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

(2) Revenue

In the United States, we generate most of our revenue from independent commissioned sales agents. We consign our orthobiologics products to hospitals and consign or loan our spinal implant sets to the independent sales agents. The spinal implant sets typically contain the instruments, disposables, and spinal implants required to complete a surgery. Consigned sets are managed by the sales agent to service hospitals that are high volume users for multiple procedures.

We ship replacement inventory to independent sales agents to replace the consigned inventory used in surgeries. Loaned sets are returned to the Company’s distribution center, replenished, and made available to sales agents for the next surgical procedure.

For each surgical procedure, the sales agent reports use of the product by the hospital and, as soon as practicable thereafter, ensures that the hospital provides a purchase order to the Company. Upon receipt of the hospital purchase order, the Company invoices the hospital, and revenue is recognized in the proper period. Additionally, the Company sells product directly to domestic and international stocking resellers and private label resellers. Upon receipt and acceptance of a purchase order from a stocking reseller, the Company ships product and invoices the reseller. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods is transferred to the customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to collect in exchange for those goods or services. There is generally no customer acceptance or other condition that prevents the Company from recognizing revenue in accordance with the delivery terms for these sales transactions.

The Company operates in one reportable segment with our net revenue derived primarily from the sale of orthobiologics and spinal implant products across North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Latin America. Sales are reported net of returns. The following table presents revenues from these product lines for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

Summary of Revenues from Product Lines 

(3) Receivables

The Company’s provision for current expected credit loss is determined based on historical collection experience adjusted for current economic conditions affecting collectability. Actual customer collections could differ from estimates. Account balances are charged to the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Provisions to the allowance for credit losses are charged to expense. Activity within the allowance for credit losses was as follows for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

Schedule of Allowance for Credit Losses

(4) Inventories

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

Schedule of Inventories 

(5) Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net are as follows (in thousands):

Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net 

Depreciation expense related to property and equipment, including property under finance leases, for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and $0.6 million and $0.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(6) Intangible Assets

The following table sets forth information regarding intangible assets (in thousands):

Schedule of Intangible Assets 

(7) Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

Schedule of Accrued Liabilities 

(8) Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following (in thousands):

Schedule of Long-term Debt 

On March 7, 2022, the Company’s term loan agreement and revolving credit agreement were amended to, among other things, (i) provide for a waiver of compliance with respect to the Company’s minimum adjusted EBITDA requirement if and so long as the Company’s liquidity (as specifically defined in the term loan agreement and revolving credit agreement) is in excess of $14 million and there is not otherwise an event of default under the term loan agreement and revolving credit agreement, commencing March 31, 2022, and (ii) re-set the date certain fees payable in connection with optional prepayments are determined to the date the amendment was executed and consequently extend such fees’ original expiration. In addition, the final payment fees associated with the term loan were increased by 25 basis points.

The effective rate of the term loan, inclusive of amortization of debt issuance costs and accretion of the final payment, was 10.03% as of June 30, 2022. The effective rate of the revolving credit agreement was 5.57% as of June 30, 2022. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had $4.1 million available under the revolving credit agreement.

(9) Stock-Based Compensation

Stock option activity, including options granted under the Xtant Medical Holdings, Inc. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2018 Plan”), and the Amended and Restated Xtant Medical Equity Incentive Plan and options granted to new hires to purchase shares of our common stock outside of any stockholder-approved plan, was as follows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity

As of June 30, 2022, there was approximately $2.0 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options. These costs are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.6 years. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2022 was $0.55.

Restricted stock unit activity for awards granted under the 2018 Plan was as follows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

Schedule of Restricted Stock Activity

(10) Warrants

As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, there were warrants to purchase 7,111,112 shares of our common stock outstanding at a weighted average exercise price of $2.29 per share.

(11) Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

We lease three office facilities as of June 30, 2022 in Belgrade, Montana under non-cancelable operating lease agreements with expiration dates between 2023 and 2025. We have the option to extend certain leases by five or ten-year term(s), and we have the right of first refusal on any sale. As of June 30, 2022, the weighted-average remaining lease term was 2.6 years. On July 14, 2022, the Company’s lease agreement for facilities at 600 Cruiser Lane in Belgrade, Montana was amended to, among other things, extend the lease term through October 2025. In addition,Othe Company’s lease agreement for facilities at 732 Cruiser Lane in Belgrade, Montana was amended on July 29, 2022 to extend the lease term through October 2025.

Present Value of Long-term Leases

Schedule of Lease Liability 

Future minimum payments for the next five years and thereafter as of June 30, 2022 under these long-term operating leases are as follows (in thousands):

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases 

Rent expense was $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 and $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. We have no contingent rent agreements.

Litigation

We are subject to potential liabilities under government regulations and various claims and legal actions that are pending or may be asserted from time to time.  These matters arise in the ordinary course and conduct of our business and may include, for example, commercial, product liability, intellectual property, and employment matters. When we believe that a loss is probable and reasonably estimable, we record a charge on our condensed consolidated statements of operations for our estimated loss. We do not believe that the ultimate resolution of any such potential liabilities, claims or legal actions will have a material adverse effect upon our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Indemnification Arrangements

Our indemnification arrangements generally include limited warranties and certain provisions for indemnifying customers against liabilities if our products or services infringe a third-party’s intellectual property rights. To date, we have not incurred any material costs as a result of such warranties or indemnification provisions and have not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

We have also agreed to indemnify our directors and executive officers for costs associated with any fees, expenses, judgments, fines, and settlement amounts incurred by any of these persons in any action or proceeding to which any of those persons is, or is threatened to be, made a party by reason of the person’s service as a director or officer, including any action by us, arising out of that person’s services as our director or officer or that person’s services provided to any other company or enterprise at our request.

(12) Income Taxes

In evaluating the realizability of the net deferred tax assets, we take into account a number of factors, primarily relating to the ability to generate taxable income. Where it is determined that it is likely that we will be unable to realize deferred tax assets, a valuation allowance is established against the portion of the deferred tax asset. Because it cannot be accurately determined when or if we will become profitable, a valuation allowance was provided against the entire deferred income tax asset balance.

The Company did not recognize any interest or penalties related to income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

(13) Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information

Supplemental cash flow information is as follows (in thousands):

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information 

(14) Related Party Transactions 

As described in more detail under Note 1, “Business Description and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, we are party to an Investor Rights Agreement, Registration Rights Agreements and certain other agreements with OrbiMed Royalty Opportunities II, LP (“Royalty Opportunities”) and ROS Acquisition Offshore LP (“ROS”), which are funds affiliated with OrbiMed Advisors LLC (“OrbiMed”). OrbiMed beneficially owns 84% of the Company’s common stock.

All related party transactions are reviewed and approved by the Audit Committee or the disinterested members of the full Board of Directors.

(15) Segment and Geographic Information

The Company’s management reviews financial results and manages the business on an aggregate basis. Therefore, financial results are reported in a single operating segment: the development, manufacture, and marketing of orthopedic medical products and devices.

The Company attributes revenues to geographic areas based on the location of the customer. Approximately 99% of sales were in the United States for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and 99% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Total revenue by major geographic area is as follows (in thousands):

 Schedule of Revenues by Geographic Region

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis provides material historical and prospective disclosures intended to enable investors and other users to assess our financial condition and results of operations. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Some of the numbers included herein have been rounded for the convenience of presentation. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed above in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.

Business Overview

We develop, manufacture and market regenerative medicine products and medical devices for domestic and international markets. Our products serve the specialized needs of orthopedic and neurological surgeons, including orthobiologics for the promotion of bone healing, implants and instrumentation for the treatment of spinal disease. We promote our products in the United States through independent distributors and stocking agents, supported by direct employees.

We have an extensive sales channel of independent commissioned agents and stocking distributors in the United States representing some or all of our products. We also maintain a national accounts program to enable our agents to gain access to integrated delivery network hospitals (“IDNs”) and through group purchasing organizations (“GPOs”). We have biologics contracts with major GPOs, as well as extensive access to IDNs across the United States for both biologics and spine hardware systems. While our focus is the United States market, we promote and sell our products internationally through stocking distribution partners in Canada, Mexico, South America, Australia, and certain Pacific region countries.

We have focused and intend to continue to focus primarily on four key growth initiatives: (1) introduce new products; (2) expand our distribution network; (3) penetrate adjacent markets; and (4) leverage our growth platform with technology and strategic acquisitions. Xtant has continued to experience growth from the two new products introduced in 2021, and we will continue to focus on growing those lines. Concurrently, our penetration into certain adjacent markets has slowed due to recently limited availability of production labor in our local area. Initiatives are underway to improve our recruitment, training capabilities and production levels in order to better penetrate new market opportunities. While the intent of these four key growth initiatives is to increase our future revenues, no assurance can be provided that we will be successful in implementing these growth initiatives or increasing our future revenues.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused business closures, severe travel restrictions and implementation of social distancing measures. At the onset of, and at various times during, the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals and other medical facilities have cancelled or deferred elective procedures, diverted resources to patients suffering from infections, and limited access for non-patients, including our direct and indirect sales representatives. Because of these circumstances, surgeons and their patients have deferred, and may continue to defer, procedures in which our products otherwise would be used. In addition, many facilities that specialize in procedures in which our products are used have experienced, and may continue to experience, staffing shortages, temporary closures, and/or reduced operating hours. These circumstances have negatively impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, the number of elective procedures being conducted and the ability of our employees, independent sales representatives and distributors to effectively market and sell our products, which has had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on our revenues.

During the first quarter of 2022, spine and other surgery procedure volumes were negatively impacted in many of our key markets, due to cancellations and/or postponements of procedures as a result of hospitalizations of COVID-19 patients, restrictions on elective procedures and staffing shortages in our key markets, which negatively impacted our first quarter 2022 revenues. This reduction in elective procedures and staffing shortages subsided during the second quarter of 2022, but could reoccur if there is another wave or sustained resurgence of COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations.

The COVID-19 pandemic also has caused and may continue to cause adverse effects on general commercial activity and the global economy and supply chain, disrupting our ability to obtain raw materials, components and products. The pandemic has also adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, our distributors, independent sales representatives, customers, contract manufacturers and suppliers and their respective businesses, which in turn, have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, our business and operations.

Although we continue to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operations and financial results, the full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impact our business during the remainder of 2022 will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be accurately predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19 variants, actions taken to contain or treat the impact of COVID-19, the availability, acceptance and effectiveness of vaccines, future resurgences of the virus and its variants, the level of any government restrictions, patient capacity at hospitals and healthcare systems, and the willingness and ability of patients to seek care and treatment due to safety concerns or financial hardship. If our revenues continue to decline and do not recover to pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels, we may be required to incur impairment charges to our long-lived assets and goodwill and write-off excess inventory, which would likely adversely affect our future operating results.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and June 30, 2021

Revenue

Total revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 was $15.3 million and $28.2 million, respectively, which represents an increase of 2% and 3%, respectively, compared to $15.0 million and $27.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. These revenue increases are attributed primarily to introductions of new products and increased private label and original equipment manufacturer sales.

Cost of Sales and Gross Profit

Cost of sales consists primarily of manufacturing and product purchase costs as well as depreciation of surgical trays. Cost of sales also includes reserves for estimated excess inventory, inventory on consignment that may be missing and not returned, and reserves for estimated missing and damaged consigned surgical instruments. Cost of sales increased by 26%, or $1.4 million, to $6.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022 from $5.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021. Cost of sales increased by 24%, or $2.4 million, to $12.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 from $9.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. These increases in cost of sales are primarily due to higher production costs and additional expense for the write-down of excess and obsolete inventory.

Gross profit as a percentage of revenue decreased to 54.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to 63.5% for the same period in 2021 and decreased to 56.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to 64.0% for the same period in 2021. Of the decrease for the three month comparison, 360 basis points were due to higher product costs, 300 basis points resulted from increased charges for excess and obsolete inventory and 220 basis points were due to sales mix including greater sales of lower margin private label and original equipment manufacturer products and lower sales of higher margin spinal implants. Of the decrease for the six month comparison, 390 basis points were due to higher product costs, 220 basis points resulted from increased charges for excess and obsolete inventory and 200 basis points were due to sales mix including greater sales of lower margin private label and original equipment manufacturer products and lower sales of higher margin spinal implants. We expect higher product costs to continue to adversely affect our gross profit as a percentage of revenue in future periods.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist principally of personnel costs for corporate employees, cash-based and stock-based compensation related costs, legal, accounting and professional fees, and occupancy costs. General and administrative expenses decreased 9%, or $0.4 million, to $3.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $4.2 million for the same period in 2021. General and administrative expenses increased 8%, or $0.6 million, to $7.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $7.2 million for the same period in 2021. The decrease for the three-month comparison is primarily attributable to legal settlement expenses of $0.6 million incurred during the prior year period. The increase for the six-month comparison is primarily attributable to additional bad debt expense of $0.3 million, increased expense of $0.3 million related to licenses and fees, additional stock based compensation of $0.3 million, and costs related to ERP system upgrades of $0.2 million incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2022, partially offset by legal settlement expenses of $0.6 million during the prior year period.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of sales commissions, personnel costs for sales and marketing employees, costs for trade shows, sales conventions and meetings, travel expenses, advertising, and other sales and marketing related costs. Sales and marketing expenses were $5.6 million for both the three months ended June 30, 2022 and the prior year period. Sales and marketing expenses increased 4%, or $0.4 million, to $10.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $10.4 million for the prior year period. The increase for the six-month comparison is primarily due to increased salaries and wages of $0.2 million due to additional headcount versus the comparable period in 2021.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of internal costs for the development of new technologies and processes. Research and development expenses were $0.2 million for both the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 and $0.5 million for both the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of interest incurred from our debt instruments. Interest expense was $0.4 million and $0.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to $0.2 million and $0.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021. These increases resulted from our debt refinancing in May 2021, prior to which no interest expense related to our debt instruments was incurred during 2021.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Working Capital

Since our inception, we have financed our operations through primarily operating cash flows, private placements of equity securities and convertible debt, debt facilities, common stock rights offerings, and other debt transactions. The following table summarizes our working capital as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

Our decrease in cash and cash equivalents was due primarily to the cash used by our net loss of $3.9 million, partially offset by stock-based compensation of $1.2 million, provision for excess and obsolete inventory of $0.8 million, and depreciation and amortization of $0.6 million.

Cash Flows

Net cash used in operating activities for the first six months of 2022 was $1.0 million. For the comparable period of 2021, net cash provided by operating activities was $0.9 million. This decrease relates primarily to the increase in net loss, partially offset by the effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in investing activities for the first six months of 2022 and 2021 was $0.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively, primarily representing purchases of property and equipment.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the first six months of 2022 was $0.1 million, consisting primarily of borrowings and repayments on our line credit, and was $18.2 million for the first six months of 2021, consisting primarily of net proceeds from our February 2021 private placement.

Current and Prior Credit Facilities

On May 6, 2021, the Company, as guarantor, and our subsidiaries, as borrowers (collectively, the “Borrowers”), entered into a Credit, Security and Guaranty Agreement (Term Loan) (the “Term Credit Agreement”) and Credit, Security and Guaranty Agreement (Revolving Loan) (the “Revolving Credit Agreement” and, together with the Term Credit Agreement, the “Credit Agreements”) with MidCap Financial Trust, in its capacity as agent (“MidCap”).

The Term Credit Agreement provides for a secured term loan facility (the “Term Facility”) in an aggregate principal amount of $12.0 million (the “Term Loan Commitment”), which was funded to the Borrowers immediately, and an additional $5.0 million tranche available solely at the discretion of MidCap and the lenders, for the purposes agreed to between the Company, the Borrowers and the lenders in advance of the making of loans under such additional tranche. The Revolving Credit Agreement provides for a secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility,” and, together with the Term Facility, the “Facilities”) under which the Borrowers may borrow up to $8.0 million (such amount, the “Revolving Loan Commitment”) at any one time, the availability of which is determined based on a borrowing base equal to percentages of certain accounts receivable and inventory of the Borrowers in accordance with a formula set forth in the Revolving Credit Agreement. All borrowings under the Revolving Facility are subject to the satisfaction of customary conditions, including the absence of default, the accuracy of representations and warranties in all material respects and the delivery of an updated borrowing base certificate.

The Facilities have a maturity date of May 1, 2026. Each of the Borrowers, and the Company, as guarantor, are jointly and severally liable for all of the obligations under the Facilities on the terms set forth in the Credit Agreements. The Borrowers’ obligations, and the Company’s obligations as a guarantor, under the Credit Agreements are secured by first-priority liens on substantially all of their assets, including, without limitation, all inventory, equipment, accounts, intellectual property and other assets of the Company and the Borrowers.

The proceeds of the Term Facility and Revolving Facility were used to pay transaction fees in connection with the Facilities and to pay in full all outstanding indebtedness and accrued interest under the Company’s prior credit facility, which is described below. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had $3.7 million outstanding and $4.1 million of availability under the Revolving Facility.

The loans and other obligations pursuant to the Credit Agreements bear interest at a per annum rate equal to the sum of the LIBOR rate, as such term is defined in the Credit Agreements, plus the applicable margin of 7.00% in the case of the Term Credit Agreement, and 4.50% in the case of the Revolving Credit Agreement, subject in each case to a LIBOR floor of 1.00%. As of June 30, 2022, the effective rate of the Term Facility, inclusive of amortization of debt issuance costs and accretion of the final payment, was 10.03%, and the effective rate of the Revolving Facility was 5.57%.

The Credit Agreements contain affirmative and negative covenants customarily applicable to senior secured credit facilities, including covenants that, among other things, limit or restrict the ability of the Borrowers, subject to negotiated exceptions, to incur additional indebtedness and additional liens on their assets, engage in mergers or acquisitions or dispose of assets, pay dividends or make other distributions, voluntarily prepay other indebtedness, enter into transactions with affiliated persons, make investments, and change the nature of their businesses. In addition, the Credit Agreements require the Borrowers and the Company to maintain net product revenue at or above minimum levels and to maintain a minimum adjusted EBITDA and a minimum liquidity, in each case at levels specified in the Credit Agreements. On March 7, 2022, the Credit Agreements were amended to, among other things, (i) provide for a waiver of compliance with respect to the Company’s minimum adjusted EBITDA requirement if and so long as the Company’s liquidity (as specifically defined in the Credit Agreements) is in excess of $14 million and there is not otherwise an event of default under the Credit Agreements, commencing with the next delivery of the compliance certificate required under the Credit Agreements, and (ii) re-set the date certain fees payable in connection with optional prepayments are determined to the date the amendment was executed and consequently extend such fees’ original expiration. In addition, the exit fees were increased by 25 basis points. As of June 30, 2022, we were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreements.

On May 6, 2021, contemporaneously with the execution and delivery of the Credit Agreements, that certain Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated March 29, 2019, among the Company, the Borrowers, Royalty Opportunities and ROS, as subsequently amended, which was scheduled to mature on December 31, 2021, was terminated in accordance with the terms thereof and all outstanding amounts were repaid by the Borrowers to OrbiMed Royalty Opportunities II, LP in its role as sole lender thereunder.

Cash Requirements

We believe that our $16.5 million of cash and cash equivalents as of June 30, 2022, together with amounts available under the Facilities and cash provided by operating activities, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements through at least August 2023. However, we may require or seek additional capital to fund our future operations and business strategy prior to August 2023. Accordingly, there is no assurance that we will not need or seek additional financing prior to such time.

We may elect to raise additional financing even before we need it if market conditions for raising additional capital are favorable. We may seek to raise additional financing through various sources, such as equity and debt financings, additional debt restructurings or refinancings, or through strategic collaborations and license agreements. We can give no assurances that we will be able to secure additional sources of funds to support our operations, or if such funds are available to us, that such additional financing will be sufficient to meet our needs or on terms acceptable to us. This is particularly true if economic and market conditions deteriorate.

To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities or the restructuring or refinancing of our debt, the interests of our current stockholders may be diluted, and the terms may include discounted equity purchase prices, warrant coverage, and liquidation or other preferences or rights that would adversely affect the rights of our current stockholders. If we issue common stock, we may do so at purchase prices that represent a discount to our then current trading prices and/or we may issue warrants to the purchasers, which could dilute our current stockholders. If we issue preferred stock, it could adversely affect the rights of our stockholders or reduce the value of our common stock. In particular, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock may include voting rights, preferences as to dividends and liquidation, conversion and redemption rights, sinking fund provisions, and restrictions on our ability to merge with or sell our assets to a third party. Additional debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. Prior to raising additional equity or debt financing, we may be required to obtain the consent of the Agent under our Credit Agreements and/or Royalty Opportunities and ROS under our Investor Rights Agreement with them, and no assurance can be provided that they would provide such consent, which could limit our ability to raise additional financing and the terms thereof.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions for the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and related disclosures. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, and any such differences may be material.

There have been no changes in our critical accounting estimates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the critical accounting estimates described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

item 4. controls and procedures

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of June 30, 2022. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that as of June 30, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended June 30, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

item 1. legal proceedings

Our legal proceedings are discussed in Note 11 – Commitments and Contingencies in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q.

item 1a. risk factors

As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.

item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS 

Not applicable.

item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 

Not applicable.

item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

item 6. EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are being filed or furnished with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.