Yangtze River Port & Logistics Ltd - Quarter Report: 2015 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY   REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________to ___________

Commission File Number: 333-166343

KIRIN INTERNATIONAL HOLDING, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: +86 10 84554001

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes ☐  No ☒

The registrant had 20,596,546 shares of common stock, $0.0001 per share, outstanding at May 26, 2015.

KIRIN INTERNATIONAL HOLDING, INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

March 31, 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING VOLUNTARY FILER STATUS

Kirin International Holding, Inc. is a “voluntary filer” with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. This means that the Company is not required to file Current and Periodic Reports with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Furthermore, the Company is not subject to the going private rules and certain tender offer regulations, and the beneficial holders of the Company’s securities do not need to report on acquisitions or depositions of the Company’s securities or their plans regarding their influence and control over the Company. Therefore the Company’s status a voluntary filer reduces investors’ rights to access significant information regarding the Company and its controlling shareholders.

The Company’s voluntary filer status may lead to its removal from the over the counter bulletin board, as Rule 6530 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority provides that issuers must be required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 in order to remain listed.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) contains “forward-looking statements”. Forward-looking statements discuss matters that are not historical facts. Because they discuss future events or conditions, forward-looking statements may include words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “may,” “seek,” “plan,” “might,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “predict,” “project,” “forecast,” “potential,” “continue” negatives thereof or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, are based on various underlying assumptions and current expectations about the future and are not guarantees. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievement to be materially different from the results of operations or plans expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

We cannot predict all of the risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, such information should not be regarded as representations that the results or conditions described in such statements or that our objectives and plans will be achieved and we do not assume any responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any of these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are found at various places throughout this Report and include information concerning possible or assumed future results of our operations, including statements about the following subjects:

These forward-looking statements represent our intentions, plans, expectations, assumptions and beliefs about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors. Many of those factors are outside of our control and could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by those forward-looking statements. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the events described in the forward-looking statements might not occur or might occur to a different extent or at a different time than we have described.

You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of the Report. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements concerning other matters addressed in this Report and attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this Report. Except to the extent required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, a change in events, conditions, circumstances or assumptions underlying such statements, or otherwise.

CERTAIN TERMS USED IN THIS REPORT

In this Report, unless otherwise noted or as the context otherwise requires: “the Company,” “Kirin,” “we,” “us,” and “our”   refers to the combined company Kirin International Holding, Inc. and its subsidiaries and Variable Interest Entities.

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

KIRIN INTERNATIONAL HOLDING, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

Certain of the assets of the VIEs can be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs. Conversely, liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional claims on the Company’s general assets (Note 3).

KIRIN INTERNATIONAL HOLDING, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

KIRIN INTERNATIONAL HOLDING, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

KIRIN INTERNATIONAL HOLDING, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Note 1 – Organization and Description of Business

Kirin International Holding, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated on December 23, 2009 under the laws of the State of Nevada. The Company and its subsidiaries, Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) and VIEs’ subsidiaries are engaged in the development and sales of residential and commercial real estate properties, and development of land lots in Xingtai city, Hebei province, People’s Republic of China (“China”, or the “PRC”).

As at March 31, 2015, the Company had following wholly-owned entities, VIEs and VIEs’ subsidiaries:

*In January 2015, Greenfield International Corporation was closed.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Accordingly, the reader of this Form 10-Q is referred to Kirin International Holding, Inc. (“the Company”) Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 for further information. In the opinion of management of the Company, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position at March 31, 2015, the results of operations for the three month periods ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, and cash flows for the three month periods ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. The results of operations for the three month periods ended March 31, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the year. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, and the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and cash flows for the three month periods ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 include those of the Company, its subsidiaries and VIEs, and subsidiaries of VIEs. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The condensed consolidated  balance sheets are presented unclassified because the time required to complete real estate projects and the Company’s working capital considerations usually stretch for more than one-year period.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the March 31, 2014 unaudited condensed consolidated financial statement have been reclassified to conform to the March 31, 2015 presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include percentage-of-completion of properties under construction and related revenue and costs recognized, allowance for doubtful accounts, recoverability of deferred tax assets, and the assessment of impairment of long-lived assets. The current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in those estimates and assumptions.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company applies the provisions of ASC Subtopic 820-10, Fair Value Measurements, for fair value measurements of financial assets and financial liabilities and for fair value measurements of nonfinancial items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements. ASC Subtopic 820-10 also establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.

ASC Subtopic 820-10 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

ASC Subtopic 820-10 establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. ASC Subtopic 820-10 establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value.  The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to measurements involving significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

The level in the fair value hierarchy within which a fair value measurement in its entirety falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

Reporting Currency and Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currency of the Company, Kirin China, Kirin Development and Kirin Management is the United States dollar (“US$”). The functional currency of the Company’s VIEs and subsidiaries of VIEs in the PRC is Renminbi (“RMB”). The Company’s reporting currency is US$. The assets and liabilities of the Company’s VIEs and subsidiaries of VIEs in China are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet dates, stockholders’ equity is translated at the historical rates and the revenues and expenses are translated at the weighted average exchange rates for the periods. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under accumulated other comprehensive income in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in accordance with ASC 220, comprehensive income.

Revenue Recognition

Real estate sales are reported in accordance with the provisions of ASC 360-20, Property, Plant and Equipment, Real Estate Sales.

Revenue from the sales of completed properties and properties where the construction period is twelve months or less is recognized by the full accrual method when (a) sale is consummated; (b) the buyer’s initial and continuing involvements are adequate to demonstrate a commitment to pay for the property; (c) the receivable is not subject to future subordination; (d) the Company has transferred to the buyer the usual risks and rewards of ownership in a transaction that is in substance a sale and does not have a substantial continuing involvement with the property.  A sale is not considered consummated until (a) the parties are bound by the terms of a contract or agreement, (b) all consideration has been exchanged, (c) any permanent financing for  which the seller is responsible has been arranged, (d) all conditions precedent to closing have been performed. Fair value of buyer’s payments to be received in future periods pursuant to sales contract is classified under accounts receivable. Sales transactions not meeting all the conditions of the full accrual method are accounted for using the deposit method of accounting. Under the deposit method, all costs are capitalized as incurred, and payments received from the buyer are recorded as a deposit liability.

Revenue and profit from the sale of development properties where the construction period is more than twelve months is recognized by the percentage-of-completion method on the sale of individual units when the following conditions are met: (a) construction is beyond a preliminary stage; (b) the buyer is committed to the extent of being unable to require a refund except for non-delivery of the unit; (c) sufficient units have already been sold to assure that the entire property will not revert to rental property; (d) sales prices are collectible and (e) aggregate sales proceeds and costs can be reasonably estimated.  If any of these criteria are not met, proceeds are accounted for as deposits until the criteria are met and/or the sale consummated.

Under the percentage of completion method, revenues from units sold and related costs are recognized over the course of the construction period, based on the completion progress of a project. In relation to any project, revenue is determined by calculating the ratio of completion and applying that ratio to the contracted sales amounts.  The Company uses a cost-to-cost method to measure the ratio of completion.  Qualified construction quality supervision firms are engaged by the Company, as required by relevant laws and regulations in the PRC, to determine that pieces of construction completed by contractors have met predetermined quality and safety standards, and are eligible to be counted towards costs. Cost of sales is recognized by multiplying the ratio by the total budgeted costs. Changes to total estimated contract costs or losses, if any, are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Revenue recognized to date in excess of amounts received from customers is classified under revenue in excess of billings. Amounts received from customers in excess of revenue recognized to date are classified under customer deposits.  Any losses incurred or identified on real estate transactions are recognized in the period in which the losses are identified.

Except for the down payment, the remaining contract price can be settled by several installments or financed by mortgage.  The Company requires customers to pay a non-refundable cash down payment equivalent to no less than 20% of the contract price upon the execution of sale or pre-sale contracts prior to recognizing revenue under either full-accrual method or percentage-of-completion method.  The cash down payment collected from customers subordinates to no claims.  If buyer’s purchase is financed by mortgage the Company does not recognize revenue until the application for the mortgage loan has been filed and the Company reasonably believes the mortgage will be approved.  The Company provides guarantees for mortgage loans from financial institutions to customers (see “Restricted cash”).  Such guarantees expire when customers have obtained a House Ownership Certificate for their purchased properties and the mortgage has been registered in favor of the financial institutions. Because guarantees of mortgage do not cover any portion of the non-refundable cash down payment received by the Company from customers, the Company does not consider guarantees when determining recognizing revenues under either full-accrual method or percentage-of-completion method. 

A project’s revenue and cost estimates have an inherent nature of uncertainty throughout its multiple-year development period.  Factors that potentially affect a project’s total revenue and cost estimates (including a salable unit’s allocated cost), include, but are not limited to: (1) changes in government’s land-use planning, building density, plot ratio and other quotas; which lead to changes of total gross floor area available for sale and per-unit cost estimate; (2) the Company’s voluntary modification of design to enhance attractiveness and competiveness of an on-going project; (3) fluctuation of commodity prices and government-regulated labor cost rates; (4) contractors’ request to renegotiate consideration of fixed-price agreements, for which the Company’s preference of complete the discussion early to avoid unfavorable impact on construction progress; (5) unforeseeable geological and engineering difficulties causing modifications of a project’s construction plan; (6) government agencies’ compliance inspections in the late stage of the construction, which may lead to modification of design; (7) major prospective property buyers’ request to alter specifications of the property to be delivered; and (8) contractors’ claims throughout the construction period.

The Company enters into non-cancellable, fixed-price pre-sale contracts with homebuyers.  Under certain circumstances, for example, changes in floor size or floor plan of a property due to legal compliance requirements, or change of deliverable standards upon request of major customers, we may agree to revise the pre-sale contract price to match conditions of the properties to be delivered to customers.  Furthermore, the Company is subject to a penalty payable to homebuyers in the event the property is delivered later than the date specified in the pre-sale contracts, and usually such penalty constitutes only an insignificant amount compared to the contract value.  These adjustments to contract price are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the current period on a cumulative catch-up basis.

With regard to a project’s cost estimate, the Company’s in-house cost estimators work in collaboration with a committee also comprising the Company’s engineers, project managers, financial professionals, and senior management staff, to prepare at least two versions of the cost estimate.  The first version is a Preliminary Cost Estimate, prepared in schematic design stage, which is before commencement of excavation and recognition of revenue.  Preliminary Cost Estimate utilizes top-down approach. It projects major cost components at higher level using a project’s planned parameters (e.g., building density, by-category gross floor area) and standard per-unit cost from past experience (e.g., concrete cost, measured at US$ per square meter).  Preliminary Cost Estimate is intrinsically less accurate; it heavily relies on the Company’s historical information accumulated in the development of similar types of construction in similar municipal region.  The second version is Detailed Cost Estimate, prepared after receiving construction documents from the architect.  Ideally Detailed Cost Estimate can be available before commencement of excavation and recognition of revenue; however, in order to suit the pre-sale progress and to maximize flexibility, construction documents are provided in several batches as the construction processes.  It is likely that a project’s Detailed Cost Estimate is finalized only in late stage of the construction.  Detailed Cost Estimate utilizes bottom-up approach.  Based on construction documents and assisted by the Company’s computerized Building Information Modeling system, Detailed Cost Estimate is able to sum up cost at element level of a real estate property, taking into consideration of quantitative consumption and on-going rate of materials, labor, machinery and overheads. For the purpose of preparing the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, a project’s cost estimate is reviewed by in-house cost estimators at each year-end and adjusted for material developments in the interval.  Changes in estimates of a project’s revenue and cost of sales are recognized on a cumulative catch-up basis, which recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes on current and prior periods based on a project’s percentage of completion. When a project’s total cost estimate to be incurred exceeds total estimated revenue to be earned, a provision for the entire loss on the project is recorded in the period the loss is determined. In addition to our existing monthly detailed cost estimate upon receiving construction data from the architects, we have hired additional competent professionals to ensure early identification of variances from prior estimated project revenue and cost, to reduce the likelihood of significant changes to the estimates.

Real Estate Capitalization and Cost Allocation

Real estate property completed and Real estate properties and land lots under development consist of residential and commercial units under construction and units completed. Properties under development or completed are stated at cost or estimated net realizable value, whichever is lower. Costs include costs of land use rights, direct development costs, interest on indebtedness, construction overhead and indirect project costs. The Company acquires land use rights with lease terms ranging from 40 to 70 years through government-organized auctions, private sale transactions or capital contributions from shareholders. Land use rights are divided and transferred to customers after the Company delivers properties. The Company capitalizes payments for obtaining the land use rights, and allocates to specific units within a project based on units’ gross floor area. Costs of land use rights for the purpose of property development are not amortized. Other costs are allocated to units within a project based on the ratio of the sales value of units to the estimated total sales value.

Government Grant

Government grants related to real estate projects developed by the Company are recognized as other income when the Company has complied with the conditions attached to the grant and the grant’s collection is reasonably assured.

In 2008, Xingtai Zhongding was entitled to a government grant of RMB 160,000,000 (approximately $22,981,000 translated at historical exchange rate) related to Kirin County project to subsidize the modernization of the neighborhood where the real estate project is situated, and control of property price volatility.  The Company believes the government’s demands associated with the grant are gradually fulfilled as the construction and pre-sale of Kirin County make progress, and accordingly recognizes grant income at the percentage of construction completed during the year of the total grant amount.  For the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company did not recognize any grant income, respectively.  All government grants related to Kirin County have been recognized through 2009 to 2012 as the construction of Kirin County goes on during the years.  The local government has arranged a lump sum payment of the grant to Xingtai Jiye Business Investment Co., Ltd. (“Business Investment”), a related party of the Company, prior to the grant’s conditions being met out of financial consideration because it lacked managing staff and concerned that the funds would be re-assigned or invalidated without an immediate recipient.  Pursuant to the arrangement, Business Investment provides this grant money to Xingtai Zhongding in proportion to the percentage of the project completed as a measure to ensure that the project satisfies the grant’s guidelines.  The grant does not have refund conditions and the Company believes government will not revoke the grant or claw back cash remitted to the escrow account unless the construction and sale of Kirin County project is cancelled by the Company.  As of March 31, 2015, the Company didn’t receive any request from the government demanding revocation and/or partial refund of the grant previously given, and the Company expects no development relating to the Kirin County project will cause the government to request the grant’s refund in next twelve months.

Capitalization of Interest

In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, interest incurred during construction is capitalized to properties under development. For the three months ended March 31, 2015 and the year ended December 31, 2014, $43,961 (unaudited) and $124,921 were capitalized as properties under development, respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains the majority of its bank accounts in the PRC. Cash includes cash on hand and demand deposits in accounts maintained with state-owned and commercial financial institutions within the PRC.  China does not have a deposit insurance system; however, the credit risk on bank balances is limited because the Company conducts transactions and deposits balances with several state-owned banks with high credit ratings assigned by international credit rating agencies.

Restricted Cash

There are two important timings for mortgage business of PRC banks: (1) Execution of mortgage agreement: PRC banks grant mortgage loans to home purchasers and will credit the full amount to the Company account once the bank and the purchaser enter into mortgage agreement, which generally will be before the completion of the construction of projects.  (2) Issuance of House Ownership Certificate to the purchasers. At the time of execution of mortgage agreement, there are no House Ownership Certificate therefore the purchaser has no legal right to the house and therefore they cannot mortgage the house to banks. Banks will ask the developer to provide guarantee to the loan instead. When the House Ownership Certificate is issued, banks will release the guarantee ability of the developer and mortgage the house in question.  If the condominiums are not completed and the new homebuyers have no House Ownership Certificate, to secure the loan, as a common practice in China, the banks will release only 95% loan to the Company and will require that the Company open a separate account with the bank and deposit and freeze the remaining 5% of the mortgage amount to further secure the bank’s interests before the mortgage of the house with House Ownership Certificate. Because bank requires the freeze of the 5% deposit, the amount therein shall be classified on the balance sheet as restricted cash. Interest earned on the restricted cash is credited to the Company’s normal bank account. The bank will release the restricted cash after homebuyers have obtained the House Ownership Certificate and mortgage the house to bank. Total restricted cash amounted to $19,226,283 (unaudited) and $6,785,042 as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. These deposits are not covered by insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes it is not exposed to any risks on its cash in bank accounts. Besides this, deposits for bank acceptance notes required by PRC banks are also disclosed as restricted cash.

Short-term Investments

The classification of investment securities is based on the Company’s intent, which is re-evaluated at each balance sheet date, with respect to those securities. Short-term investments refer to the securities that the Company has positive intent and ability to hold to maturity and stated at amortized cost.

Long-term Investments

Investments in securities of private companies the Company does not have a controlling interest and is unable to exercise significant influence are accounted for using cost method of accounting. The Company evaluates at each period end whether an event or change in circumstances has occurred in that period that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investments. If a decline in fair value is determined to be other than temporary, an impairment loss is recognized to reduce an investment’s cost to its fair value. The Company received $665,972 and $506,548 as dividend for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

Subsidiaries, VIEs and subsidiaries of VIEs of the Company located in China are governed by the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China concerning the private-run enterprises, which are generally subject to tax at a new statutory rate of 25% on income reported in the statutory financial statements after appropriate tax adjustments.

According to the Income Tax Laws of the PRC for real estate developers, income tax of the Company is calculated by project when all units of a project are sold, tax authorities will assess the tax due on the project and issue a tax due notification to the Company. The Company has to pay the tax by the due date on the notification. If the Company does not pay the tax by the due date, the tax authorities will charge the Company interest. The Company includes any interest and penalties in general and administrative expenses. 

Unrecognized tax benefits represent the difference the benefits recognized for the financial statement purposes and tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.

The Company recognizes that virtually all tax positions in the PRC are not free of some degree of uncertainty due to tax law and policy changes by the PRC government.

Land Appreciation Tax (“LAT”)

In accordance with the relevant taxation laws in the PRC, the Company is subject to LAT based on progressive rates ranging from 30% to 60% on the appreciation of land value, which is calculated as the proceeds of sales of properties less deductible expenditures, including borrowing costs and all property development expenditures. LAT is prepaid at 1% to 2% of the pre-sales proceeds each year as required by the local tax authorities, and is settled generally after the construction of the real estate project is completed and majority of the units are sold.  The Company provides LAT as expensed when the related revenue is recognized based on estimate of the full amount of applicable LAT for the real estate projects in accordance with the requirements set forth in the relevant PRC laws and regulations. LAT was included in Income tax expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Accumulated other comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. The Company’s only component of other comprehensive income (loss) during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was the foreign currency translation adjustment.

Earnings per Share

The Company reports earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share. ASC 260 requires presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share in conjunction with the disclosure of the methodology used in computing such earnings per share. Basic earnings per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts, such as warrants and convertible preferred stock, were exercised or converted into common stock. Dilutive securities having an anti-dilutive effect on diluted earnings per share are excluded from the calculation.

Advertising Expenses

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred, or the first time the advertising takes place, in accordance with ASC 720-35, Advertising Costs. For the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company recorded an advertising expense of $300,924 and $479,963, respectively. 

Property Warranty

The Company provides customers with warranties which cover major defects of building structure and certain fittings and facilities of properties sold as stipulated in the relevant sales contracts. The warranty period varies from two to five years, depending on different property components the warranty covers.

The Company constantly estimates potential costs for materials and labor with regard to warranty-type claims expected to be incurred subsequent to the delivery of a property. Reserves are determined based on historical data and trends with respect to similar property types and geographical areas. The Company monitors the warranty reserve and makes adjustments to its pre-existing warranties, if any, in order to reflect changes in trends and historical data as information becomes available. The Company may seek further recourse against its contractors or any related third parties if it can be proved that the faults are caused by them. In addition, the Company withholds up to 5% of the contract total payment from contractors for periods of two to five years. These amounts are included in liabilities, and are only paid to the extent that there have been no warranty claims against the Company relating to the work performed or materials supplied by the contractors.  As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company retained $111,313 (unaudited) and $117,218 contract payment to contractors, and the Company didn’t experience any incidences where the withheld amounts were less than the amounts the Company had to pay for the defects of properties.  The Company didn’t provide any warranty reserve as prospective expenditure amount on property warranty by the Company is insignificant.  For the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company didn’t incur incidental costs in addition to the amount retained from contractors.

Impairment Losses

Completed real estate properties and land lots are reported in the balance sheet at the lower of their carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. Land to be developed or under development is assessed for impairment when management believes that events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. Based on this assessment, a property that is considered impaired is written down to its fair value less costs to sell. Impairment losses are recognized through a charge to expense. No impairment of completed real estate properties or land lots was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company adopted ASC 718 Stock Compensation.  Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period.  The fair value estimate is based on the share price and other pertinent factors.  The Company estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and to revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company used a mix of historical data and future assumptions to estimate pre-vesting forfeitures and to record stock-based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company does not believe recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards from ASU 2015-01 through ASU 2015-08, if currently adopted, would have a material effect of the condensed consolidated financial position, results of operation and cash flows.

Correction of Prior Period Financial Statements

During the three months ended March 31, 2015, management determined that service fee incurred in connection with obtaining the loans should be deferred and amortized over the period of the related loans under straight-line method. In prior years, the Company had deferred the service fee and expensed when the loans are due.. The Company has adjusted its December 31, 2014 consolidated balance sheet and its income statement for the three months ended March 31, 2014.

The following tables detail the corrections and impact to condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2014:

The following tables detail the corrections and impact to the condensed income statements for the three months ended March 31, 2014

In accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Nos. 99 and 108 (“SAB 99” and “SAB 108”), the Company has evaluated these errors, based on an analysis of quantitative and qualitative factors, as to whether they were material to each of the prior reporting periods affected and if amendments of previously filed registration statements with the SEC are required. The Company has determined that the impact is not material to prior periods and the understatement of expenses would not have influenced an investor’s decision making process. In accordance with SAB 108, the Company will include this revised financial information when it files subsequent reports on Form 10-Q and Form 10-K or files a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Note 3 – Variable Interest Entities

In accordance with the VIE Agreements entered into between Kirin Management and each of Operating Companies and their respective shareholders. As a result of the VIE Agreements, Kirin Management has the power to direct the VIEs’ activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance and the obligation to absorb the VIEs’ losses that could be significant to the VIEs and the right to receive benefits from the VIEs that could be significant to the VIEs.  Therefore Kirin Management is deemed to have a controlling financial interest in the VIEs, is considered the primary beneficiary of and consolidates with the VIEs.

Risks in Relation to the VIE Structure

The Ministry of Commerce of PRC (“MOFCOM”) published a discussion draft of the proposed Foreign Investment Law (the “Draft”) in January 2015 aiming to, upon its enactment, replace the trio of existing laws regulating foreign investment in China. The Draft embodies an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments.

The MOFCOM is currently soliciting comments on the Draft and substantial uncertainties exist with respect to its enactment timetable, interpretation and implementation. The Draft, if enacted as proposed, may materially impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations. The Draft expands the definition of foreign investment and introduces the principle of "actual control" in determining whether a company is considered a Foreign Investment Enterprise (“FIE”).

Under the Draft, Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) that are controlled via contractual arrangement would be deemed as FIEs, if they are ultimately "controlled" by foreign investors. Therefore, for any companies with a VIE structure in an industry category that falls under restricted to foreign investment or prohibited from foreign investment, the VIE structure may be deemed legitimate only if the ultimate controlling persons) is/are of PRC nationality (either PRC companies or PRC citizens). Conversely, if the actual controlling person(s) is/are of foreign nationalities, then the VIEs will be treated as FIEs and any operation in the industry category falls under restricted to foreign investment or prohibited from foreign investment, without market entry clearance may be considered as illegal. Moreover, for the enterprises which are not incorporated under the laws of China (foreign investors) but are "controlled" by Chinese investors, they may submit documentary evidence to apply for identifying their investment as the investment by Chinese investors when they applying for the market entry clearance to engage in any investment as set out in industries restricted to foreign investment or prohibited from foreign investment in China. The competent authorities of foreign investment will grant the review opinion on whether the said investment is identified as the investment by Chinese investors.

In conclusion, if the Draft enacted as proposed, it is possible that the Company's conduct of certain of its operations and businesses through the VIEs could be found by PRC authorities to be in violation of PRC laws and regulations prohibiting or restricting foreign ownership of companies that engage in such operations and businesses. If such a finding were made, regulatory authorities with jurisdiction over the licensing and operation of such businesses would have broad discretion in dealing with such a violation, including levying fines, confiscating the Company's income, revoking the business or operating licenses of the affected businesses, requiring the Company to restructure its ownership structure or operations, or requiring the Company to discontinue all or any portion of its operations. Any of these actions could cause significant disruption to the Company's business operations, and have a material adverse impact on the Company's cash flows, financial position and operating performance. The Company's management considers the possibility of such a finding by PRC regulatory authorities to be remote.

These contractual arrangements may not be as effective in providing the Company with control over the VIEs as direct ownership. Due to its VIE structure, the Company has to rely on contractual rights to effect control and management of the VIEs, which exposes it to the risk of potential breach of contract by the shareholders of the VIEs for a number of reasons. For example, their interests as shareholders of the VIEs and the interests of the Company may conflict and the Company may fail to resolve such conflicts; the shareholders may believe that breaching the contracts will lead to greater economic benefit for them; or the shareholders may otherwise act in bad faith. If any of the foregoing were to happen, the Company may have to rely on legal or arbitral proceedings to enforce its contractual rights, including specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages. Such arbitral and legal proceedings may cost substantial financial and other resources, and result in a disruption of its business, and the Company cannot assure that the outcome will be in its favor. In addition, as all of these contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through either arbitration or litigation in the PRC, they would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could further limit the Company’s ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. Furthermore, these contracts may not be enforceable in China if PRC government authorities or courts take a view that such contracts contravene PRC laws and regulations or are otherwise not enforceable for public policy reasons. In the event that the Company is unable to enforce any of these agreements, the Company would not be able to exert effective control over the affected VIEs and consequently, the results of operations, assets and liabilities of the affected VIEs and their subsidiaries would not be included in the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements. If such were the case, the Company's cash flows, financial position and operating performance would be materially adversely affected.

The Company's agreements with respect to its consolidated VIEs are approved and in place. The Company's management believes that such agreements are enforceable, and considers it a remote possibility that PRC regulatory authorities with jurisdiction over the Company's operations and contractual relationships would find the agreements to be unenforceable under existing laws.

Summary information regarding consolidated VIEs is as follows:

Certain of the assets of the VIEs can be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs. Conversely, liabilities recognized as a result of consolidating these VIEs do not represent additional claims on the Company’s general assets.

For the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, the financial performance of VIEs is as follows:

Note 4 – Short-term Investments

On December 15, 2014 and February 15, 2015, the Company invested RMB 3,000,000 (approximately $490,000, matured in one year) and RMB 10,000,000 (approximately $1,634,000, matured in three months), respectively in a financial instrument managed by Xingtai Small and Micro Enterprises Investment Association. Nil investment income is earned for the three months ended March 31, 2015.

Note 5 – Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consists of property management fee receivable and balances due from completed properties in accordance with full accrual method, under which the Company recognizes related revenue after customers have made sufficient down payment.

As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, accounts receivable due from complete properties represents revenue in excess of billings balances of Kirin County project and No.79 Courtyard Phase I as the construction is completed and related condominium units are available for delivery to customers.

Receivables from sales of condominium units are collateralized by underlying properties’ Ownership Certificates and bear no interest.

Note 6 – Notes Receivable

The Promissory note with original principle amount of $600,000 will be due on August 16, 2016, at the rate of 3% per annum.

Note 7 – Revenue in Excess of Billings

Revenue in excess of billings represents the amount revenue recognized for certain residential and commercial units in Kirin Plaza, No. 79 Courtyard and Kirin Bay in accordance with the percentage-of-completion method over the cumulative payments received from respective customers.  Pursuant to sales contracts, customers are required to pay a minimum 20% of the full contract amount as a down payment, and pay the remaining balances before delivery of the properties by the Company, which is expected to be within the next 12 to 24 months, depending on construction progress of related real estate properties. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, revenue in excess of billings is $10,679,072 (unaudited) and $13,586,442, respectively.

Note 8 – Prepayments

Prepayments consisted of the following:

Pursuant to financing service contracts entered into between the Company, Xingtai Rural Commercial Bank and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Xingtai Branch, the Company paid service fees for the origination of several long-term loans before they were released to the Company. Pursuant to service contracts entered into between the Company and Hebei Pufa Investment Development Co., Ltd (“Pufa”), the Company paid service fees to Pufa for the origination and extension of several loans from Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Xingtai Branch. These financing service fees are regarded as prepaid financing service fees and amortized over the respective terms of the loans.

Business tax and LAT are payable each year at 5% and 1% - 2% of customer deposits received. The Company recognizes sales-related business tax and LAT in the income statement to the extent that they are proportionate to the revenue recognized each period.  Any excessive amounts of business and LAT liabilities recognized at period-end pursuant to tax laws and regulations over the amounts recognized in the income statement are capitalized in prepayments and will be expensed in subsequent periods.

The prepayments to related parties are regarding to construction contract. In certain area, the related parties have more bargain power with the construction contractors. These related parties will pay contractors on behalf of the Company according to contract terms. The construction contractors will provide construction service to the Company, and then the prepayments are recorded in costs over the course of construction period, based on the completion progress of a project. The balance of Prepayments-related parties represents the amount these related parties are yet to pay to contractors.

Note 9 – Other Receivables

The components of other receivables were as follows:

Working capital borrowings by contractors are unsecured, bear no interest and become payable before the completion of the related construction and program. There was no allowance for doubtful accounts as at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

On April 10, 2014, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Hebei Yoerma Business Service Co.,Ltd (“Hebei Yoerma”), a related party ultimately controlled by Jianfeng Guo, Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors, and the controlling stockholder of the Company, with no interest, the original amount is RMB 32,992,060 (approximately $5,390,000 (unaudited) and, $5,362,000 as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014) and has a term of two years. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, there is RMB 18,211,330 (unaudited) (approximately $2,975,000) and RMB 18,211,330 (approximately $2,960,000) working capital borrowed by Hebei Yoerma, respectively

On February 11, 2015, the Company entered into a loan agreement with Xingtai Dongxinshun Construction decoration Co., Ltd (“Dongxinshun”), a third party supplier. According to the agreement, the Company made a loan to Dongxinshun of RMB 30,000,000 (approximately $4,901,000), with no interest and is due on May 30, 2015.

Note 10 – Real Estate Properties and Land Lots under Development

The components of real estate properties and land lots under development were as follows:

The Company acquires land use rights with lease terms ranging from 40 to 70 years through government-organized auctions, private sale transactions or capital contributions from shareholders, all related cost are recorded in Costs of land use rights. Other development costs include direct development costs, interest on indebtedness, construction overhead and indirect project costs.

Land use rights are divided and transferred to customers after the Company delivers properties. The Company capitalizes payments for obtaining the land use rights, and allocates to specific units within a project based on units’ gross floor area. Costs of land use rights for the purpose of property development are not amortized. Other development costs are allocated to units within a project based on the ratio of the sales value of units to the estimated total sales value.

As of March 31, 2015, the Company has obtained certificates representing titles of the land use rights used for the development of Kirin County, No. 79 Courtyard, Kirin Plaza and Kirin Bay projects.  All our land use rights are assigned to real estate projects.

Part of Company’s real estate held for development and land lots under development were pledged as collateral for financial institution loans (Note 18).

The Residential buildings of Kirin County are fully completed in December, 2012, the Residential building of No.79 Courtyard Phase I are fully completed in March, 2015. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the account balance of the real estate property completed is $5,683,996 (unaudited) and $1,441,194 respectively.

Archway HHC Apartment is a proposed apartment located in Howard Hughes Center Site 4, Los Angeles, California, which will have 109 units apartment and 187 parking spaces. As of March 31, 2015, the Company paid land cost and incurred some other development cost.

Kong Village Relocation Program

Pursuant to incentive policies issued by Xingtai local government encouraging modernization of villages situated in urban vicinity, the Company participated in Kong Village Relocation Program in which the Company constructs a real property and transfers to local government at no costs, and reimburses costs incurred by local government compensating villagers and zoning and developing vacated land lots.  In exchange for the financing, the Company will be invited to bid for vacated land parcels for residential and commercial use at public auction at market price, and majority of the proceeds received by local government will be refunded to the Company. The Company capitalizes all expenditures attributable to Kong Village Relocation Program under land lots under development.  The Company expects to secure land use rights through the auditions and will use acquired land use rights for the development of Kirin Bay and other project. In July 2011 the Company obtained the certificate of land use rights for a piece of land covered by the program through the aforementioned public auction, and used it for the development of Kirin Bay project.  Other land lots covered by the program are expected to be auctioned and obtained by the Company in the near future. As at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, residual expenditures under Kong Village Relocation Program, representing accumulated costs of the land use rights to be obtained by the Company in the future, were capitalized in land lots under development in amount of $62,639,383 and $61,612,563, respectively.

On March 31, 2015, Xingtai Qiaoxi District Government filed an application to Xingtai Municipal Government for a refund of RMB 125,512,500 (approximately $20,397,000) on behalf of the Company under the Kong Village Relocation Program, the refund is expected to be approved and received in 2015.

Note 11 – Long-term Investments

Long term Investments include the Company’s equity interest in Hebei Xingtai Rural Commercial Bank Co., Ltd. (“Xingtai RC Bank”), a private financial institution. In June 2011, the Company agreed to become a stockholder of Xingtai RC Bank and paid RMB 20,000,000, or approximately $3,142,000 to subscribe to 16,000,000 shares, or 6.96%, of the common stock of the financial institution.  The establishment of Xingtai RC Bank is based on restructured business of Xingtai Chengjiao Rural Credit Cooperative Union Association.  On December 12, 2012, Xingtai RC Bank obtained required approvals from China banking regulatory agencies and completed all registration procedures.

The Xingtai RC Bank increased paid in capital from RMB 240,000,000, or approximately $38,207,000 to RMB 500,000,000, or approximately $79,598,000 on April 26, 2013. The Company paid approximately RMB 24,000,000, or approximately $3,841,000 to keep its stockholder position.

As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the balance of Long term investment for Xingtai RC Bank was $7,188,838 (unaudited) and $7,150,402, consisting 31,000,000 shares, or 5.03%, of the common stock of Xingtai RC Bank.

The Company used the cost method of accounting to record its investment in Xingtai RC Bank since the Company does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financing activities of Xingtai RC Bank.

As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company has deposit balances (including restricted cash) of $7,201,827 (unaudited) and $5,818,000 in Xingtai RC Bank, respectively.

In November 2013, the company invested $700,000 to Hopkins Kirin Facilities Group, LLC (“Hopkins”) to obtain 22.5% share.

The Company used the equity method of accounting to record its investment in Hopkins.

As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the ending balance in long-term investment was $7,888,838  (unaudited) and $7,850,402. The Company determined that there was no impairment on its long-term investment at March 31, 2015.

Note 12 – Notes Payable

The Promissory note with original principle amount of $2,800,000 will be due at January 22, 2017, at the rate of 10% per annum.

Note 13 – Accounts Payable

In March 2011, the Company entered into a supplementary agreement with Huada Mining Co., Ltd. in relation to the acquisition of land use rights for the development of No. 79 Courtyard project. The Company agreed to increase the land use rights’ purchase price in the original contract, to compensate Huada Mining Co., Ltd. for its inability to realize the appreciation of the transferred land use rights during the substantially prolonged contract closing period of three years. The Company has unconditionally received the title of the land use rights in 2010 before the commencement of the supplementary agreement negotiation.   In accordance with the supplementary agreement, the Company and Huada Mining Co., Ltd. will not pursue any adjustments of the land use rights’ transfer price.  As of March 31, 2015, payable to Huada Mining Co., Ltd. was $1,374,081.  The Company and Huada Mining Co., Ltd. have agreed that remaining balance will be repaid in an unspecific near future period, taking into accounts of the Company’s liquidity. Unpaid balance does not bear interest.

In May 2011, the Company entered into an agreement with Xingtai Kong Village Real Properties Co., Ltd., a company controlled by Kong Village Committee.  The Company agreed to pay $22,649,880 (translated as historical rate) to compensate additional costs incurred by Kong Village Committee for the Kong Village Relocation Program.   At March 31, 2015, unpaid balance plus accrued interest was $2,450,740.  The Company capitalized the additional consideration in the costs land lots under development.

Note 14 – Other Payables and Accrued Liabilities

The components of other payables and accrued liabilities were as follows:

On December 30, 2014, the Company entered into RMB 40,000,000 (approximately $6,500,000) loan agreement with Hebei Yoerma, a related party ultimately controlled by Jianfeng Guo, Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors, and the controlling stockholder of the Company, with no interest and the loan is due on March 30, 2015, the Company repaid the loan on January 28, 2015.

The Company enters into non-cancellable, fixed-price pre-sale contracts with homebuyers.  The Company is subject to a penalty payable to homebuyers in the event the property is delivered later than the date specified in the pre-sale contracts, and usually such penalty constitutes only an insignificant amount compared to the contract value.  These adjustments to contract price are recorded as a reduction of revenue in the current period on a cumulative catch-up basis.As of March 31, 2015, $657,088 estimated penalty is reasonably estimated for Kirin Bay and No. 79 Courtyard and probably will occur in future.

Note 15 – Customer Deposits

Customer deposits consist of amounts received from customers relating to the sale of residential and commercial units. In the PRC, customers generally obtain financing for the purchase of their residential unit prior to the completion of the project. The lending institutions will provide the funds to the Company upon the completion of the financing rather than the completion of the project. The Company receives these funds and recognizes them as a liability until the revenue can be recognized. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company received $84,021,907 (unaudited) and $83,522,070 deposits from customers, respectively.

Note 16 – Income Taxes

(1)  Corporate income tax

The Company is incorporated in the State of Nevada in the United States of America (“U.S.”) and is subject to a progressive U.S. federal corporate income tax of 15% to 35%. The State of Nevada does not impose any corporate state income tax. Kirin China is incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.  Under the current laws of the British Virgin Islands, Kirin China is not subject to tax on income or capital gains.  In addition, no British Virgin Islands withholding tax is imposed upon payments of dividends by Kirin China. Kirin Development is incorporated in Hong Kong.  Kirin Development did not earn any income that was derived in Hong Kong for the period from its date of incorporation to March 31, 2015 and therefore was not subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax. The payments of dividends by Hong Kong companies are not subject to any Hong Kong withholding tax.

The Company’s subsidiaries Spectrum International Enterprise, LLC, Brookhollow Lake, LLC, Greenfield International Corporation (closed in January 2015), Kirin Hopkins Real Estate Group LLC, Newport Property Holding, LLC, Applecrate LLC, Archway Development Group LLC, HHC-6055 Centre Drive LLC and Kirin Alamo, LLC were incorporated in State of California, U.S. and are subject to California taxes.

The Company’s subsidiaries, VIEs and subsidiaries of VIEs in China are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax (EIT) on taxable income. According to PRC tax laws and regulations, China subsidiary and VIEs are subject to EIT with the tax rate 25% since January 1, 2008, except that deemed profit method is applied to Xingtai Zhongding Construction Project Management Co., Ltd., which local tax authorities levy income tax based on deemed profit of 10% of revenue. A withholding income tax rate of 5% is applied if Kirin Management, the wholly-owned foreign enterprise, distributes dividends to its immediate holding company, Kirin Development. The Company has not recorded tax provision for U.S. tax purposes as they have no assessable profits arising in or derived from the United States and intends to permanently reinvest accumulated earnings in the PRC operations in the foreseeable future.

Income tax expenses (benefit) for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 are summarized as follows:

A reconciliation between taxes computed at the PRC statutory rate of 25% and the Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

(2)  Liability for unrecognized tax benefit

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of liability associated with unrecognized tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

The liability for unrecognized tax benefit is related to the government grant earned by the Company for the development of Kirin County project.  Because the grant is given by local government which received proceeds of the related land use rights through public auction, it is prevailing practice that the entities receive such grants do not include earned grant in taxable income. The Company believes that the possibility exists for local or higher tax authorities re-evaluate this tax position and reverse current practice. The unrecognized tax benefit, if ultimately recognized, will impact the effective tax rate. The Company did not accrue potential penalties and interest related to the unrecognized tax benefit on the basis that tax authorities would unlikely levy penalties and interest. The Company does not expect changes in unrecognized tax benefit as of March 31, 2015 to be material in the next twelve months.

In accordance with PRC tax administration law and regulations, tax authorities generally have up to five years to claw back underpaid tax plus penalties and interests. In the case of tax evasion, which is not clearly defined in the law, there is no limitation on the tax years open for investigation. Accordingly, the Company’s PRC subsidiary and VIEs tax years from 2010 to 2014 remains subject to examination by tax authorities.

(3)  Deferred tax

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the following approximate deferred tax assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are presented below.

Deferred taxes and liabilities are evaluated on individual subsidiary, VIE and subsidiary of VIE basis.  In assessing the ability to realize the deferred tax assets, the Company considers availability of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to a net amount that management believes is more-likely-than-not of being realizable based on the weight of all available evidence.

Deferred taxes and liabilities associated with application of revenue recognized pursuant to percentage-of-completion will reverse when the construction progress of related projects proceeds to completion, which is expected to be December 2017 for No. 79 Courtyard and December 2016 for Kirin Bay projects, when the difference between accumulated revenue and cost of sales recognized based on percentage-of-completion method and enterprise income tax accrued pursuant to tax laws, converges.  Enterprise income tax comprises multiple interim prepayments determined predominately by periodic customer deposits collected and deemed profit ratio when a real estate project is under construction, followed by a closing to adjust to actual profit realized, after the construction is complete.  Deferred taxes and liabilities associated with application of revenue recognized pursuant to percentage-of-completion will also increase or decrease when the Company reevaluates and makes upward or downward adjustments to a project’s total revenue or cost estimate.  The Company believes deferred tax assets related to revenue recognized based on percentage-of-completion and excess of interest expense will be fully realizable.

Entities established in the PRC had net operating losses carry forward of $11,359,000 as of March 31, 2015 which will expire on various dates between December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2019. Entities established out of the PRC had net operation losses carry forward of $5,614,000 as of March 31, 2015.

Note 17 – Other Taxes Payable

Other taxes payable consisted of the following:

Note 18 – Loans Payable

Loans payable consisted of the following:

Note (a): These loans were repaid in full when they become mature subsequent to balance sheet date.

ICBC 2012 Loans and ICBC 2013 Loans are floating rate loans whose rates are set at 10% above 1-to-3 year base borrowing rate stipulated by the People’s Bank of China at the date of each drawdown, and are subject to revision every 12 months.  The Company also paid financing service fees for ICBC 2012 Loans, ICBC 2013 Loans and Syndicated Loans 2014.  The financing service fees were paid prior to financial institution releasing loans to the Company as prepaid interest, and have been included in the determination of respective loans’ effective interest rates. Credit Union 2014 Short-term Loan was guaranteed by Hebei Yoerma and Zhongding Kirin Loan 2014 was guaranteed by an unrelated party company as arranged by the financial institution.  The Company did not pay for the guarantees.

As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, Zhongding Kirin 2014 Loan, Garden 2014 Loan, ICBC 2012 Loans, ICBC 2013 Loans, Short term 2014 Loan, Syndicated Loans 2014 and Syndicated Loans 2015 were secured by the Company’s real estate held for development with carrying value of approximately $165,021,000 (unaudited) and $144,640,000, respectively.

On November 14, 2014, the Company entered into a series of entrust loan agreements with Xingtai Rural Commercial bank and individuals with amount RMB 11,810,000 (approximately $1,930,000, “Entrust Loan 2014”), and borne an annual effective interest rate of 15%, including loan of RMB 1,100,000 due to managements of the Company, with the remaining balance due to third party individuals.

On February 10, 2015, the Company entered into a series of entrust loan agreements with Xingtai Rural Commercial bank and individuals with amount RMB 12,750,000 (approximately $2,080,000, “Entrust Loan 2015”), and borne an annual effective interest rate of 15%, including loan of RMB 1,400,000 due to managements of the Company, with the remaining balance due to third party individuals.

The aggregate maturities of loans payable for each of years subsequent to March 31, 2015 are as follows:

Note 19 – Restricted Stock Compensation

In accordance with the Employment Agreements approved by the Board of the Directors, the Company granted certain employees restricted common stock (“Restricted Stock Awards”).   Restricted Stock Awards are issued to the employees in five even installments at the beginning or in the interim of each year of five-year employment period.  Shares issued under Restricted Stock Awards in each year of the employment period cannot be disposed of or pledged until they are fully vested, which is the last day of the full service year and the employment is not terminated.  Unvested shares maybe reacquired by the Company for no consideration following the employee’s termination of service.

The fair value of the Restricted Stock Awards is based on the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Pre-vesting forfeiture is expected to be nil. The Company records compensation costs for the Restricted Stock Awards on a straight-line basis over the employment period for the entire award.

There are 146,120 unvested shares outstanding at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, weighted average grant date fair value per share is $0.12. The Company did not recognize of share-based compensation expense related to the Restricted Stock Awards for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Note 20 – Revenue

The Company’s revenue is recognized under percentage-of-completion methods for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 from pre-sale of real estate projects.  Revenue recognized for each real estate project, including adjustments made pursuant to change of estimates for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:

Note 21 – Loss per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of common shares and, if dilutive, potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares comprise shares issuable upon the exercise of Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants, Agent Warrants and unvested and unissued Restricted Stock Award, using the treasury stock method.

Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants and Agent Warrants to acquire 392,090 shares of common stock, and 146,120 shares of unvested and unissued Restricted Stock Award were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. Summary information of Series A Warrants, Series B Warrants and Agent Warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2015 is as follows:

Note 22 – Non-controlling interest

Non-controlling interests represent the non-controlling interest stockholders’ proportionate share of the equity of Brookhollow Lake, LLC,Greenfield International Corporation and Kirin Alamo, LLC. The non-controlling interests in 2015 and 2014 are summarized as below:

The non-controlling interests in Brookhollow Lake, LLC, Greenfield International Corporation and Kirin Alamo and Newport Property Holding, LLC that are not owned by the Company are shown as “non-controlling interests” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 and “net loss attributable to non-controlling interests” in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.

Note 23 – Related Party Transactions and Balances

(1) Loan to related parties consisted of the following: