Acorda Therapeutics, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2014 June (Form 10-Q)

report_quarterly-063014.htm

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2014
OR
o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 000-50513

ACORDA THERAPEUTICS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation

or organization)

13-3831168

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

420 Saw Mill River Road, Ardsley, New York

(Address of principal executive offices)

10502

(Zip Code)

(914) 347-4300

(Registrant’s telephone number,

including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x

Accelerated filer o

Non-accelerated filer o

(Do not check if a

smaller reporting company)

Smaller Reporting Company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class		Outstanding at July 31, 2014
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share		41,744,929 shares

ACORDA THERAPEUTICS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2014 (unaudited) and December 31, 2013	1
	Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the Three and Six-month Periods Ended June 30, 2014 and 2013	2
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited) for the Three and Six-month Periods Ended June 30, 2014 and 2013	3
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the Six-month Periods Ended June 30, 2014 and 2013	4
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	34
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	34
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	36
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	36
Item 6.	Exhibits	41

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements relating to future events and our future performance within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Stockholders are cautioned that such statements involve risks and uncertainties, including: our ability to successfully market and sell Ampyra in the U.S.; third party payers (including governmental agencies) may not reimburse for the use of Ampyra or our other products at acceptable rates or at all and may impose restrictive prior authorization requirements that limit or block prescriptions; the risk of unfavorable results from future studies of Ampyra or from our other research and development programs, including Plumiaz (our trade name for Diazepam Nasal Spray) or any other acquired or in-licensed programs; we may not be able to complete development of, obtain regulatory approval for, or successfully market Plumiaz or other products under development; the occurrence of adverse safety events with our products; delays in obtaining or failure to obtain regulatory approval of or to successfully market Fampyra outside of the U.S. and our dependence on our collaboration partner Biogen Idec in connection therewith; competition, including the impact of generic competition on Zanaflex Capsules revenues; failure to protect our intellectual property, to defend against the intellectual property claims of others, or to obtain third party intellectual property licenses needed for the commercialization of our products; failure to comply with regulatory requirements could result in adverse action by regulatory agencies; and the ability to obtain additional financing to support our operations. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industry and markets in which we operate and management’s beliefs and assumptions. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this report regarding our strategy, future operations, future financial position, future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Actual results or events could differ materially from the plans, intentions and expectations disclosed in the forward-looking statements we make, and investors should not place undue reliance on these statements. In addition to the risks and uncertainties described above, we have included important factors in the cautionary statements in this report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, particularly in the “Risk Factors” section (as updated by the disclosures in our subsequent quarterly reports, including in Part II, Item 1A of this report), that we believe could cause actual results or events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements that we make. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures or investments that we may make. Forward-looking statements in this report are made only as of the date hereof, and we do not assume any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements as a result of developments occurring after the date of this report.

We own several registered trademarks in the U.S. and in other countries. These registered trademarks include, in the U.S., the marks “Acorda Therapeutics,” our stylized Acorda Therapeutics logo, “Ampyra,” “Zanaflex,” “Zanaflex Capsules,” and “Qutenza.” Also, our mark “Fampyra” is a registered mark in the European Community Trademark Office and we have registrations or pending applications for this mark in other jurisdictions. Our trademark portfolio also includes several registered trademarks and pending trademark applications (e.g., “Plumiaz”) in the U.S. and worldwide for potential product names or for disease awareness activities. Third party trademarks, trade names, and service marks used in this report are the property of their respective owners.

PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements

ACORDA THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share data)	June 30, 2014			December 31, 2013
	(unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	274,599		$	48,037
Restricted cash		—			277
Short-term investments		331,254			225,891
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances of $914 and $698, as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively		27,027			30,784
Prepaid expenses		8,272			8,398
Finished goods inventory held by the Company		30,821			25,535
Finished goods inventory held by others		580			637
Deferred tax asset		10,452			19,314
Other current assets		10,124			8,460
Total current assets		693,129			367,333
Long-term investments		121,855			93,299
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation		15,823			16,525
Deferred tax asset		84,885			107,985
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization		17,281			17,459
Non-current portion of deferred cost of license revenue		3,857			4,174
Other assets		6,487			352
Total assets	$	943,317		$	607,127
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	20,660		$	15,922
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		34,064			37,569
Deferred product revenue—Zanaflex		29,462			32,090
Current portion of deferred license revenue		9,057			9,057
Current portion of revenue interest liability		225			861
Current portion of convertible notes payable		1,144			1,144
Total current liabilities		94,612			96,643
Convertible senior notes (due 2021)		283,948			—
Non-current portion of deferred license revenue		55,099			59,628
Put/call liability		167			147
Non-current portion of revenue interest liability		258			493
Non-current portion of convertible notes payable		2,135			3,228
Other non-current liabilities		6,719			6,635
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value. Authorized 80,000,000 shares at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013; issued and outstanding 41,072,916 and 40,896,355 shares, including those held in treasury, as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively		41			41
Treasury stock at cost (12,420 shares at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013)		(329	)		(329	)
Additional paid-in capital		733,265			678,686
Accumulated deficit		(232,694	)		(238,082	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		96			37
Total stockholders’ equity		500,379			440,353
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	943,317		$	607,127

See accompanying Unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

ACORDA THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)	Three-month period ended June 30, 2014			Three-month period ended June 30, 2013			Six-month period ended June 30, 2014			Six-month period ended June 30, 2013
Revenues:
Net product revenues	$	89,719		$	80,125		$	164,182		$	144,209
Royalty revenues		5,146			4,664			8,937			10,180
License revenue		2,264			2,264			4,529			4,529
Total net revenues		97,129			87,053			177,648			158,918

Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales		18,899			16,935			34,428			30,418
Cost of license revenue		159			159			317			317
Research and development		16,448			13,216			30,970			25,736
Selling, general and administrative		50,644			48,003			97,537			96,202
Total operating expenses		86,150			78,313			163,252			152,673
Operating income		10,979			8,740			14,396			6,245
Other expense (net):
Interest and amortization of debt discount expense		(426	)		(749	)		(518	)		(1,340	)
Interest income		165			166			337			339
Total other expense (net)		(261	)		(583	)		(181	)		(1,001	)
Income before taxes		10,718			8,157			14,215			5,244
Provision for income taxes		(6,033	)		(4,247	)		(8,825	)		(2,472	)
Net income	$	4,685		$	3,910		$	5,390		$	2,772


Net income per share—basic	$	0.11		$	0.10		$	0.13		$	0.07
Net income per share—diluted	$	0.11		$	0.09		$	0.13		$	0.07
Weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing net income per share—basic		41,032			39,960			40,985			39,896
Weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing net income per share—diluted		42,432			41,583			42,336			41,311

See accompanying Unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

ACORDA THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(unaudited)

(In thousands)	Three-month period ended June 30, 2014		Three-month period ended June 30, 2013			Six-month period ended June 30, 2014		Six-month period ended June 30, 2013

Net income	$	4,685	$	3,910		$	5,390	$	2,772
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized losses on available for sale securities, net of tax		14		(29	)		59		(8	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		14		(29	)		59		(8	)
Comprehensive income	$	4,699	$	3,881		$	5,449	$	2,764

See accompanying Unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

ACORDA THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

(In thousands)	Six-month period ended June 30, 2014			Six-month period ended June 30, 2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	5,390		$	2,772
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Share-based compensation expense		13,373			11,471
Amortization of net premiums and discounts on investments		1,487			1,169
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs		157			—
Amortization of revenue interest issuance cost		12			28
Depreciation and amortization expense		3,624			2,912
Loss (gain) on put/call liability		20			(329	)
Deferred tax provision		8,863			2,339
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable		3,757			(728	)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets		(1,538	)		(1,371	)
Increase in inventory held by the Company		(5,287	)		(10,820	)
Decrease in inventory held by others		57			87
Decrease in non-current portion of deferred cost of license revenue		317			317
Decrease in other assets		17			17
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued expenses, other current liabilities		134			(3,942	)
(Decrease) increase in revenue interest liability interest payable		(510	)		216
Decrease in non-current portion of deferred license revenue		(4,528	)		(4,528	)
Increase (decrease) in other non-current liabilities		18			(107	)
(Decrease) increase in deferred product revenue—Zanaflex		(2,628	)		811
Decrease in restricted cash		277			339
Net cash provided by operating activities		23,012			653
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(1,390	)		(2,728	)
Purchases of intangible assets		(1,286	)		(1,664	)
Purchases of investments		(263,848	)		(59,541	)
Proceeds from maturities of investments		128,500			60,000
Net cash used in investing activities		(138,024	)		(3,933	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes		345,000			—
Debt issuance costs		(7,441	)		—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and option exercises		4,375			4,640
Repayments of revenue interest liability		(360	)		(534	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		341,574			4,106
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		226,562			826
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		48,037			41,876
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	274,599		$	42,702
Supplemental disclosure:
Cash paid for interest		706			1,059
Cash paid for taxes		1,214			1,337

See accompanying Unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

ACORDA THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

(1) Organization and Business Activities

Acorda Therapeutics, Inc. (“Acorda” or the “Company”) is a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the identification, development and commercialization of novel therapies to improve the lives of people with multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI) and other neurological disorders.

The management of the Company is responsible for the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the related information included in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position and results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year.

These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for such year, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and include the results of operations of the Company and its majority owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management of the Company to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include share-based compensation accounting, which are largely dependent on the fair value of the Company’s equity securities. In addition, the Company recognizes Zanaflex revenue based on estimated prescriptions filled. The Company adjusts its Zanaflex inventory value based on an estimate of inventory that may be returned. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Investments

Both short-term and long-term investments consist of US Treasury bonds. The Company classifies marketable securities available to fund current operations as short-term investments in current assets on its consolidated balance sheets. Marketable securities are classified as long-term investments in long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheets if the Company has the ability and intent to hold them and such holding period is longer than one year. The Company classifies its short-term and long-term investments as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value of the investments based on quoted market prices.

Unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, which are determined to be temporary, are excluded from earnings and are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Premiums and discounts on investments are amortized over the life of the related available-for-sale security as an adjustment to yield using the effective-interest method. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Amortized premiums and discounts, dividend and interest income and realized gains and losses are included in interest income.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The Company’s accumulated other comprehensive income is comprised of gains and losses on available for sale securities and is recorded and presented net of income tax.

Revenue Recognition

Ampyra

Ampyra is available only through a network of specialty pharmacy providers that provide the medication to patients by mail; Kaiser Permanente, which distributes Ampyra to patients through a closed network of on-site pharmacies; and ASD Specialty Healthcare, Inc. (an AmerisourceBergen affiliate), which distributes Ampyra to the U.S. Bureau of Prisons and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Ampyra is not available in retail pharmacies. The Company does not recognize revenue from product sales until there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed and determinable, the buyer is obligated to pay the Company, the obligation to pay is not contingent on resale of the product, the buyer has economic substance apart from the Company, the Company has no obligation to bring about the sale of the product, the amount of returns can be reasonably estimated and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes product sales of Ampyra following shipment of product to a network of specialty pharmacy providers, Kaiser Permanente, and the specialty distributor to the VA. The specialty pharmacy providers, Kaiser Permanente, and the specialty distributor to the VA are contractually obligated to hold no more than an agreed number of days of inventory, ranging from 10 to 30 days.

The Company’s net revenues represent total revenues less allowances for customer credits, including estimated discounts, rebates, and chargebacks. These allowances are recorded for cash consideration given by a vendor to a customer that is presumed to be a reduction of the selling prices of the vendor’s products or services and, therefore, are characterized as a reduction of revenue. At the time product is shipped to specialty pharmacies, Kaiser Permanente and the specialty distributor to the VA, an adjustment is recorded for estimated discounts, rebates, and chargebacks. These allowances are established by management as its best estimate based on available information and will be adjusted to reflect known changes in the factors that impact such allowances. Allowances for discounts, rebates, returns and chargebacks are established based on the contractual terms with customers, historical trends, communications with customers and the levels of inventory remaining in the distribution channel, as well as expectations about the market for the product and anticipated introduction of competitive products. Product shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales. The Company does not accept returns of Ampyra with the exception of product damages that occur during shipping.

Zanaflex

The Company applies the revenue recognition guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605-15-25, which among other criteria requires that future returns can be reasonably estimated in order to recognize revenue. The amount of future tablet returns is uncertain due to generic competition and customer conversion to Zanaflex Capsules. The Company has accumulated some sales history with Zanaflex Capsules; however, due to existing and potential generic competition and customer conversion from Zanaflex tablets to Zanaflex Capsules, we do not believe we can reasonably determine a return rate at this time. As a result, the Company accounts for these product shipments using a deferred revenue recognition model. Under the deferred revenue model, the Company does not recognize revenue upon product shipment. For these product shipments, the Company invoices the wholesaler, records deferred revenue at gross invoice sales price, and classifies the cost basis of the product held by the wholesaler as a component of inventory. The Company recognizes revenue when prescribed to the end-user, on a first-in first-out (FIFO) basis. The Company’s revenue to be recognized is based on (1) the estimated prescription demand, based on pharmacy sales for its products; and (2) the Company’s analysis of third-party information, including third-party market research data. The Company’s estimates are subject to the inherent limitations of estimates that rely on third-party data, as certain third-party information is itself in the form of estimates, and reflect other limitations. The Company’s sales and revenue recognition reflects the Company’s estimates of actual product prescribed to the end-user. The Company expects to be able to apply a more traditional revenue recognition policy such that revenue is recognized following shipment to the customer when it believes it has sufficient data to develop reasonable estimates of expected returns based upon historical returns and greater certainty regarding generic competition.

for chargebacks, rebates and discounts are established based on the contractual terms with customers, analysis of historical levels of discounts, chargebacks and rebates, communications with customers and the levels of inventory remaining in the distribution channel, as well as expectations about the market for each product and anticipated introduction of competitive products. In addition, the Company records a charge to cost of goods sold for the cost basis of the estimated product returns the Company believes may ultimately be realized at the time of product shipment to wholesalers. The Company has recognized this charge at the date of shipment since it is probable that it will receive a level of returned products; upon the return of such product it will be unable to resell the product considering its expiration dating; and it can reasonably estimate a range of returns. This charge represents the cost basis for the low end of the range of the Company’s estimated returns. Product shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales.

Qutenza

Qutenza is distributed in the United States by Besse Medical, Inc., a specialty distributor that furnishes the medication to physician offices; and by ASD Specialty Healthcare, Inc., a specialty distributor that furnishes the medication to hospitals and clinics. The Company does not recognize revenue from product sales until there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed and determinable, the buyer is obligated to pay the Company, the obligation to pay is not contingent on resale of the product, the buyer has economic substance apart from the Company, the Company has no obligation to bring about the sale of the product, and the amount of returns can be reasonably estimated and collectability is reasonably assured. This means that, for Qutenza, the Company recognizes product sales following shipment of product to its specialty distributors.

The Company’s net revenues represent total revenues less allowances for customer credits, including estimated rebates, chargebacks, and returns. These allowances are recorded for cash consideration given by a vendor to a customer that is presumed to be a reduction of the selling prices of the vendor’s products or services and, therefore, are characterized as a reduction of revenue. At the time product is shipped, an adjustment is recorded for estimated rebates, chargebacks, and returns. These allowances are established by management as its best estimate based on available information and will be adjusted to reflect known changes in the factors that impact such allowances. Allowances for rebates, chargebacks, and returns are established based on the contractual terms with customers, historical trends, as well as expectations about the market for the product and anticipated introduction of competitive products. Product shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales.

Milestones and royalties

In order to determine the revenue recognition for contingent milestones, the Company evaluates the contingent milestones using the criteria as provided by the Financial Accounting Standards Boards (FASB) guidance on the milestone method of revenue recognition. At the inception of a collaboration agreement the Company evaluates if payments are substantive. The criteria requires that (i) the Company determines if the milestone is commensurate with either its performance to achieve the milestone or the enhancement of value resulting from the Company’s activities to achieve the milestone, (ii) the milestone be related to past performance, and (iii) the milestone be reasonable relative to all deliverable and payment terms of the collaboration arrangement. If these criteria are met then the contingent milestones can be considered substantive milestones and will be recognized as revenue in the period that the milestone is achieved. Royalties are recognized as earned in accordance with the terms of various research and collaboration agreements.

In-Process Research and Development

The cost of in-process research and development (IPR&D) acquired directly in a transaction other than a business combination is capitalized if the projects will be further developed or have an alternative future use; otherwise they are expensed. The fair values of IPR&D projects acquired in business combinations are capitalized. Several methods may be used to determine the estimated fair value of the IPR&D acquired in a business combination. The Company utilizes the "income method," and uses estimated future net cash flows that are derived from projected sales revenues and estimated costs. These projections are based on factors such as relevant market size, patent protection, historical pricing and expected industry trends. The estimated future net cash flows are then discounted to the present value using an appropriate discount rate. These assets are treated as indefinite-lived intangible assets until completion or abandonment of the projects, at which time the assets are amortized over the remaining useful life or written off, as appropriate. IPR&D intangible assets which are determined to have had a drop in their fair value are adjusted downward and an expense recognized on the statement of operations. These are tested at least annually or sooner when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment.

Collaborations

The Company recognizes collaboration revenues and expenses by analyzing each element of the agreement to determine if it shall be accounted for as a separate element or single unit of accounting. If an element shall be treated separately for revenue recognition purposes, the revenue recognition principles most appropriate for that element are applied to determine when revenue shall be recognized. If an element shall not be treated separately for revenue recognition purposes, the revenue recognition principles most appropriate for the bundled group of elements are applied to determine when revenue shall be recognized. Payments received in excess of revenues recognized are recorded as deferred revenue until such time as the revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company’s principal direct customers as of June 30, 2014 were a network of specialty pharmacies, Kaiser Permanente, and the specialty distributor to the VA for Ampyra, wholesale pharmaceutical distributors for Zanaflex Capsules and Zanaflex tablets, and two specialty distributors for Qutenza. The Company periodically assesses the financial strength of these customers and establishes allowances for anticipated losses, if necessary. Four customers individually accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s product revenue in 2014 and 2013. Four and three customers individually accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. The Company’s net product revenues are generated in the United States.

Segment and Geographic Information

The Company is managed and operated as one business which is focused on the identification, development and commercialization of novel therapies that improve neurological function in people with MS, SCI and other disorders of the central nervous system. The entire business is managed by a single management team that reports to the Chief Executive Officer. The Company does not operate separate lines of business with respect to any of its products or product candidates and the Company does not prepare discrete financial information with respect to separate products or product candidates or by location. Accordingly, the Company views its business as one reportable operating segment. Net product revenues reported to date are derived from the sales of Ampyra, Zanaflex and Qutenza in the United States.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent events are defined as those events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date, but before the financial statements are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company completed an evaluation of the impact of any subsequent events through the date these financial statements were issued, and determined there were no subsequent events requiring disclosure in or requiring adjustment to these financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists" (ASU 2013-11). ASU 2013-11 requires an entity to present an unrecognized tax benefit as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss (NOL) carryforward, or similar tax loss or tax credit carryforward, rather than as a liability when (1) the uncertain tax position would reduce the NOL or other carryforward under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction and (2) the entity intends to use the deferred tax asset for that purpose. ASU 2013-11 is effective prospectively for fiscal years and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013 for public entities. The adoption of ASU 2013-11 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASU 2014-09), which requires entities to recognize revenue in a way that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The new guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard.

(3) Share-based Compensation

During the three-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $7.6 million and $6.5 million, respectively. During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company recognized share-based compensation expense of $13.4 million and $11.5 million, respectively. Activity in options and restricted stock during the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 and related balances outstanding as of that date are reflected below. The weighted average fair value per share of options granted to employees for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 were approximately $15.37 and $16.81, respectively. The weighted average fair value per share of options granted to employees for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 were approximately $18.18 and $15.56, respectively.

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense included within the consolidated statements of operations:

	For the three-month						For the six-month
	period ended June 30,						period ended June 30,
(In millions)	2014			2013			2014			2013

Research and development		$	1.6		$	1.5		$	2.7		$	2.7
Selling, general and administrative			6.0			5.0			10.7			8.8
Total		$	7.6		$	6.5		$	13.4		$	11.5

A summary of share-based compensation activity for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 is presented below:

Stock Option Activity

	Number of Shares (In thousands)			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term		Intrinsic Value (In thousands)
Balance at January 1, 2014		6,486		$	25.61
Granted		1,625			37.31
Cancelled		(129	)		31.31
Exercised		(173	)		25.35
Balance at June 30, 2014		7,809		$	27.96		7.0	$	52,648
Vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2014		7,709		$	27.87		6.9	$	52,477
Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2014		4,378		$	24.16		5.4	$	42,555

Restricted Stock Activity

(In thousands) Restricted Stock		Number of Shares
Nonvested at January 1, 2014		421
Granted		284
Vested		(4)
Forfeited		(20)
Nonvested at June 30, 2014		681

Unrecognized compensation cost for unvested stock options and restricted stock awards as of June 30, 2014 totaled $67.9 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.8 years.

(4) Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013:

(In thousands, except per share data)	Three-month period ended June 30, 2014		Three-month period ended June 30, 2013		Six-month period ended June 30, 2014		Six-month period ended June 30, 2013
Basic and diluted
Net income	$	4,685	$	3,910	$	5,390	$	2,772
Weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing net income per share—basic		41,032		39,960		40,985		39,896
Plus: net effect of dilutive stock options and restricted common shares		1,400		1,623		1,351		1,415
Weighted average common shares outstanding used in computing net income per share—diluted		42,432		41,583		42,336		41,311
Net income per share—basic	$	0.11	$	0.10	$	0.13	$	0.07
Net income per share—diluted	$	0.11	$	0.09	$	0.13	$	0.07

The difference between basic and diluted shares is that diluted shares include the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of outstanding securities. The Company’s stock options and unvested shares of restricted common stock could have the most significant impact on diluted shares.

Securities that could potentially be dilutive are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share when a loss from continuing operations exists or when the exercise price exceeds the average closing price of the Company’s common stock during the period, because their inclusion would result in an anti-dilutive effect on per share amounts.

In June 2014, the Company issued $345 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes (the “Notes”), which aggregate principal amount includes the exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option. See Note 8 – “Convertible Senior Notes”. As the Company has a choice to settle the conversion obligation under the Notes in cash, shares or any combination of the two, the Company has determined that it intends to and has the ability to settle the accreted principal value of the Notes in cash and the excess conversion premium in shares. While the dilutive effect of the potential conversion premium will be considered in the calculation of diluted net income per share using the treasury stock method, the accreted principal value of the Notes will not be included in the calculation of diluted income per share, as we intend to settle this in cash.

The following amounts were not included in the calculation of net income per diluted share because their effects were anti-dilutive:

(In thousands)	Three-month period ended June 30, 2014	Three-month period ended June 30, 2013	Six-month period ended June 30, 2014	Six-month period ended June 30, 2013
Denominator
Stock options and restricted common shares	3,739	1,762	3,859	3,139
Convertible note – Saints Capital	29	39	29	39

(5) Income Taxes

For the six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $8.8 million and $2.5 million, respectively, based upon its estimated tax liability for the year. The provision for/benefit from income taxes is based on federal, state and Puerto Rico income taxes. The effective income tax rates for the Company for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 were 56% and 52%, respectively. The effective income tax rates for the Company for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 were 62% and 47%, respectively. As a result of the Federal research and development tax credit not being extended during the first and second quarter of 2014, the Company was not able to receive a benefit in the effective tax rate for this in 2014.

The Company continues to evaluate the realizability of its deferred tax assets and liabilities on a periodic basis and will adjust such amounts in light of changing facts and circumstances including, but not limited to, future projections of taxable income, tax legislation, rulings by relevant tax authorities, the progress of ongoing tax audits and the regulatory approval of products currently under development. Any changes to the valuation allowance or deferred tax assets in the future would impact the Company's income taxes.

(6) Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2014 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value. In general, fair values determined by Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Fair values determined by Level 2 inputs utilize data points that are observable, such as quoted prices, interest rates and yield curves. Fair values determined by Level 3 inputs utilize unobservable data points for the asset or liability. The Company’s Level 1 assets consist of time deposits and investments in a Treasury money market fund and the Company’s Level 2 assets consist of high-quality government bonds and are valued using market prices on the active markets. Level 1 instrument valuations are obtained from real-time quotes for transactions in active exchange markets involving identical assets and Level 2 assets are valued using quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or other market observable inputs such as interest rates and yield curves. The Company’s Level 3 liabilities represent our put/call liability related to the Paul Royalty Fund (PRF) transaction and contingent consideration related to the NeurogesX acquisition. No changes in valuation techniques or inputs occurred during the three or six months ended June 30, 2014.

(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
June 30, 2014
Assets Carried at Fair Value:
Cash equivalents	$	253,604	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments		—		331,254		—
Long-term investments		—		121,855		—
Liabilities Carried at Fair Value:
Put/call liability		—		—		167
Contingent purchase price		—		—		254
December 31, 2013
Assets Carried at Fair Value:
Cash equivalents	$	28,308	$	—	$	—
Short-term investments		—		225,891		—
Long-term investments		—		93,299		—
Liabilities Carried at Fair Value:
Put/call liability		—		—		147
Contingent purchase price		—		—		236

The following tables present additional information about assets and/or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which the Company utilizes Level 3 inputs to determine fair value.

Put/call liability

(In thousands)	Three-month period ended June 30, 2014		Three-month period ended June 30, 2013			Six-month period ended June 30, 2014		Six-month period ended June 30, 2013
Put/call liability:
Balance, beginning of period	$	167	$	247		$	147	$	329
Total realized and unrealized gains included in selling, general and administrative expenses:		—		(247	)		20		(329	)
Balance, end of period	$	167	$	—		$	167	$	—

The Company estimates the fair value of its put/call liability using a discounted cash flow valuation technique. Using this approach, historical and expected future cash flows are calculated over the expected life of the PRF agreement, are discounted, and then exercise scenario probabilities are applied. Some of the more significant assumptions made in the valuation include (i) the estimated Zanaflex revenue forecast and (ii) the likelihood of put/call exercise trigger events such as

bankruptcy and change of control. The valuation is performed periodically when the significant assumptions change. Realized gains and losses are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

The put/call liability has been classified as a Level 3 liability as its valuation requires substantial judgment and estimation of factors that are not currently observable in the market due to the lack of trading in the security. If different assumptions were used for the various inputs to the valuation approach including, but not limited to, assumptions involving the estimated Zanaflex revenue forecast and the likelihood of trigger events, the estimated fair value could be significantly higher or lower than the fair value we determined. The Company may be required to record losses in future periods, which may be significant.

Contingent purchase price

(In thousands)	Three-month period ended June 30, 2014		Three-month period ended June 30, 2013		Six-month period ended June 30, 2014		Six-month period ended June 30, 2013
Contingent purchase price:
Balance, beginning of period	$	245	$	—	$	236	$	—
Total losses included in selling, general and administrative expenses:		9		—		18		—
Balance, end of period	$	254	$	—	$	254	$	—

The Company measures the fair value of the contingent purchase price using a Monte Carlo simulation. Using this approach, the present value of each of the milestone payments is calculated using the probability of milestone achievement under various different scenarios. Some of the more significant assumptions used in the valuation include (i) the probability of FDA approval for NP-1998 and (ii) the variability in net sales for NP-1998 if FDA approval is achieved. The milestone achievement probabilities range from 0% to 10%, and the milestone payment outcomes range from $0 to $5.0 million. The valuation will be performed periodically when the significant assumptions change. Realized gains and losses are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. There is no assurance that any of the conditions for the milestone payments will be met.

The contingent purchase price has been classified as a Level 3 liability as its valuation requires substantial judgment and estimation of factors that are not currently observable in the market. If different assumptions were used for the various inputs to the valuation approach including, but not limited to, assumptions involving the probability of FDA approval for NP-1998 and the likelihood of trigger events, the estimated fair value could be significantly higher or lower than the fair value we determined. The Company may be required to record losses in future periods.

(7) Investments

The Company has determined that all of its investments are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with interest on these securities included in interest income and are recorded based primarily on quoted market prices. Available-for-sale securities consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses			Estimated fair value
June 30, 2014
US Treasury bonds	$	452,947	$	166	$	(4	)	$	453,109
December 31, 2013
US Treasury bonds		319,123		69		(2	)		319,190

The contractual maturities of short-term available-for-sale debt securities at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are greater than 3 months but less than 1 year. The contractual and intended maturities of long-term available-for-sale debt securities at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are greater than 1 year and up to 16 months. The Company has determined that there were no other-than-temporary declines in the fair values of its investments as of June 30, 2014.

Short-term investments with maturity of three months or less from date of purchase have been classified as cash equivalents, and amounted to $253.6 million and $28.3 million as of June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively.

The Company holds available-for-sale investment securities which are reported at fair value on the Company’s balance sheet. Unrealized holding gains and losses are reported within accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) in the statements of comprehensive (loss) income. The changes in AOCI associated with the unrealized holding gain on available-for-sale investments during the six months ended June 30, 2014, were as follows (in thousands):

(In thousands)	Net Unrealized Gains on Marketable Securities, Net of Tax
Balance at December 31, 2013	$	37
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications:		59
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income		—
Net current period other comprehensive income		59
Balance at June 30, 2014	$	96

(8) Convertible Senior Notes

On June 17, 2014, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (the “Underwriter”) relating to the issuance by the Company of $345 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2021 (the “Notes”) in an underwritten public offering pursuant to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-196803) (the “Registration Statement”) and a related preliminary and final prospectus supplement, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Offering”). The principal amount of Notes includes $45 million aggregate principal amount of Notes that was purchased by the Underwriter pursuant to an option granted to the Underwriter in the Underwriting Agreement, which option was exercised in full. The net proceeds from the offering, after deducting the Underwriter’s discount and the estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately $337.6 million.

The Notes are governed by the terms of an indenture, dated as of June 23, 2014 (the “Base Indenture”) and the first supplemental indenture, dated as of June 23, 2014 (the “Supplemental Indenture,” and together with the Base Indenture, the “Indenture”), each between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the Trustee). The Notes will be convertible into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election, based on an initial conversion rate, subject to adjustment, of 23.4968 shares per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $42.56 per share), only in the following circumstances and to the following extent: (1) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (2) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2014 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (3) if the Company calls any or all of the Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; (4) upon the occurrence of specified events described in the Indenture; and (5) at any time on or after December 15, 2020 through the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date.

The Company may not redeem the Notes prior to June 20, 2017. The Company may redeem for cash all or part of the Notes, at the Company’s option, on or after June 20, 2017 if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending within five trading days prior to the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

The Company will pay 1.75% interest per annum on the principal amount of the Notes, payable semiannually in arrears in cash on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2014. The Notes will mature on June 15, 2021.

If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture), subject to certain conditions, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or part of their Notes in principal amounts of $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof. The fundamental change repurchase price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. If a make-whole fundamental change, as described in the Indenture, occurs and a holder elects to convert its Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change, such holder may be entitled to an increase in the conversion rate as described in the Indenture.

The Indenture contains customary terms and covenants and events of default. If an event of default (other than certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization involving the Company) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee by notice to the Company, or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Notes by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all the Notes to be due and payable. Upon such a declaration of acceleration, such principal and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, will be due and payable immediately. Upon the occurrence of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization involving the Company, 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Notes will become due and payable automatically. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Indenture provides that, to the extent the Company elects and for up to 270 days, the sole remedy for an event of default relating to certain failures by the Company to comply with certain reporting covenants in the Indenture consists exclusively of the right to receive additional interest on the Notes.

The Notes will be senior unsecured obligations and will rank equally with all of the Company’s existing and future senior debt and senior to any of the Company’s subordinated debt. The Notes will be structurally subordinated to all existing or future indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of the Company’s subsidiaries and will be effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing or future secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the collateral. The Indenture does not limit the amount of debt that the Company or its subsidiaries may incur.

In accounting for the issuance of the Notes, the Company separated the Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Notes as a whole. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount, referred to as the debt discount, is amortized to interest expense over the seven-year term of the Notes using the effective interest method. The equity component is not re-measured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

Our outstanding note balances as of June 30, 2014 consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	June 30, 2014
Liability component:
Principal	$	345,000
Less: debt discount, net	(61,052		)
Net carrying amount	$	283,948
Equity component	$	61,195

In connection with the issuance of the Notes, we incurred approximately $7.4 million of debt issuance costs, which primarily consisted of underwriting, legal and other professional fees, and allocated these costs to the liability and equity components based on the allocation of the proceeds. Of the total $7.4 million of debt issuance costs, $1.2 million were allocated to the equity component and recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital and $6.2 million were allocated to the liability component and recorded as deferred financing costs included in other assets on the balance sheet. The portion allocated to the liability component is amortized to interest expense over the expected life of the Notes using the effective interest method.

We determined the expected life of the debt was equal to the seven year term on the Notes. The carrying amount of the Company’s borrowings of $283.9 million approximates fair value at June 30, 2014. As of June 30, 2014, the remaining contractual life of the Notes is approximately 7.0 years. The effective interest rate on the liability component was 4.8% for the period from the date of issuance through June 30, 2014. The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes during the three months ended June 30, 2014:

(In thousands)	June 30, 2014
Contractual interest expense	$	116
Amortization of debt issuance costs	14
Amortization of debt discount	143
Total interest expense	$	273

(9) Collaborations, Alliances, and Other Agreements

Biogen

On June 30, 2009, the Company entered into an exclusive collaboration and license agreement with Biogen Idec International GmbH (Biogen Idec) to develop and commercialize Ampyra (known as Fampyra outside the U.S.) in markets outside the United States (the “Collaboration Agreement”). Under the Collaboration Agreement, Biogen Idec was granted the exclusive right to commercialize Ampyra and other products containing aminopyridines developed under that agreement in all countries outside of the United States, which grant includes a sublicense of the Company’s rights under an existing license agreement between the Company and Alkermes plc (Alkermes), formerly Elan Corporation, plc (Elan). Biogen Idec has responsibility for regulatory activities and future clinical development of Fampyra in ex-U.S. markets worldwide. The Company also entered into a related supply agreement with Biogen Idec (the “Supply Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company will supply Biogen Idec with its requirements for the licensed products through the Company’s existing supply agreement with Alkermes.

Under the Collaboration Agreement, the Company was entitled to an upfront payment of $110.0 million as of June 30, 2009, which was received in July 2009, and a $25.0 million milestone payment upon approval of the product in the European Union, which was received in August 2011. The Company is also entitled to receive additional payments of up to $10.0 million based on the successful achievement of future regulatory milestones and up to $365.0 million based on the successful achievement of future sales milestones. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the achievement of the future regulatory and sales milestones, these payments will not be recognized as revenue unless and until they are earned. The Company is not able to reasonably predict if and when the milestones will be achieved. Under the Collaboration Agreement, Biogen Idec will be required to make double-digit tiered royalty payments to the Company on ex-U.S. sales. In addition, the consideration that Biogen Idec will pay for licensed products under the Supply Agreement will reflect the price owed to the Company’s suppliers under its supply arrangements with Alkermes or other suppliers for ex-U.S. sales. The Company and Biogen Idec may also carry out future joint development activities regarding licensed product under a cost-sharing arrangement. Under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, the Company, in part through its participation in joint committees with Biogen Idec, will participate in overseeing the development and commercialization of Ampyra and other licensed products in markets outside the United States pursuant to that agreement. Acorda will continue to develop and commercialize Ampyra independently in the United States.

As of June 30, 2009, the Company recorded a license receivable and deferred revenue of $110.0 million for the upfront payment due to the Company from Biogen Idec under the Collaboration Agreement. Also, as a result of such payment to Acorda, a payment of $7.7 million became payable by Acorda to Alkermes and was recorded as a cost of license payable and deferred expense. The payment of $110.0 million was received from Biogen Idec on July 1, 2009 and the payment of $7.7 million was made to Alkermes on July 7, 2009.

The Company considered the following deliverables with respect to the revenue recognition of the $110.0 million upfront payment: (1) the license to use the Company’s technology, (2) the Collaboration Agreement to develop and commercialize licensed product in all countries outside the U.S., and (3) the Supply Agreement. Due to the inherent uncertainty in obtaining regulatory approval, the applicability of the Supply Agreement is outside the control of the Company and Biogen Idec. Accordingly, the Company has determined the Supply Agreement is a contingent deliverable at the onset of the agreement. As a result, the Company has determined the Supply Agreement does not meet the definition of a deliverable that needs to be accounted for at the inception of the arrangement. The Company has also determined that there is no significant and incremental discount related to the supply agreement since Biogen Idec will pay the same amount for inventory that the Company would pay and the Company effectively acts as a middle man in the arrangement for which it adds no significant value due to various factors such as the Company does not have any manufacturing capabilities or other know how with respect to the manufacturing process.

The Company has determined that the identified non-contingent deliverables (deliverables 1 and 2 immediately preceding) would have no value on a standalone basis if they were sold separately by a vendor and the customer could not resell the delivered items on a standalone basis, nor does the Company have objective and reliable evidence of fair value for the deliverables. Accordingly, the non-contingent deliverables are treated as one unit of accounting. As a result, the Company will recognize the non-refundable upfront payment from Biogen Idec as revenue and the associated payment to Alkermes as expense ratably over the estimated term of regulatory exclusivity for the licensed products under the Collaboration Agreement as the Company had determined this was the most probable expected benefit period. The Company recognized $2.3 million and $4.5 million in license revenue, a portion of the $110.0 million received from Biogen Idec, and $159,000 and $317,000 in cost of license revenue, a portion of the $7.7 million paid to Alkermes, during the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

On January 21, 2011 Biogen Idec announced that the European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) decided against approval of Fampyra to improve walking ability in adult patients with multiple sclerosis. Biogen Idec, working closely with the Company, filed a formal appeal of the decision. In May 2011, the CHMP recommended conditional marketing authorization, and in July 2011 Biogen Idec received conditional approval from the European Commission for, Fampyra (prolonged-release fampridine tablets) for the improvement of walking in adult patients with MS with walking disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale of 4-7). The Company currently estimates the recognition period to be approximately 12 years from the date of the Collaboration Agreement. As part of its ex-U.S. license agreement, Biogen Idec owes Acorda royalties based on ex-U.S. net sales, and milestones based on ex-U.S. regulatory approval, new indications, and ex-U.S. net sales. These milestones included a $25.0 million payment for approval of the product in the European Union which was recorded and paid in the three month period ended September 30, 2011. Based on Acorda’s worldwide license and supply agreement with Alkermes, Alkermes received 7% of this milestone payment from Acorda during the same period. For revenue recognition purposes, the Company determined this milestone to be substantive in accordance with applicable accounting guidance related to milestone revenue. Substantive uncertainty existed at the inception of the arrangement as to whether the milestone would be achieved because of the numerous variables, such as the high rate of failure inherent in the research and development of new products and the uncertainty involved with obtaining regulatory approval. Biogen Idec leveraged Acorda’s U.S. Ampyra study results that contributed to the regulatory approval process. Therefore, the milestone was achieved based in part on Acorda’s past performance. The milestone was also reasonable relative to all deliverable and payment terms of the collaboration arrangement. Therefore, the payment was recognized in its entirety as revenue and the cost of the milestone revenue was recognized in its entirety as an expense during the three-month period ended September 30, 2011.

Actavis/Watson

The Company has an agreement with Watson Pharma, Inc., a subsidiary of Actavis, Inc. (formerly Watson Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), to market tizanidine hydrochloride capsules, an authorized generic version of Zanaflex Capsules which was launched in February 2012. In accordance with the Watson agreement, the Company receives a royalty based on Watson’s gross margin, as defined by the agreement, of the authorized generic product. During the three-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company recognized royalty revenue of $2.4 million and $2.5 million, respectively, related to the gross margin of the Zanaflex Capsule authorized generic. During the three-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company also recognized revenue and a corresponding cost of sales of $1.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively, related to the purchase and sale of the related Zanaflex Capsule authorized generic product to Watson, which is recorded in net product revenues and cost of sales.

During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company recognized royalty revenue of $3.8 million and $5.1 million, respectively, related to the gross margin of the Zanaflex Capsule authorized generic. During the six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company also recognized revenue and a corresponding cost of sales of $2.2 million and $1.6 million, respectively, related to the purchase and sale of the related Zanaflex Capsule authorized generic product to Watson, which is recorded in net product revenues and cost of sales.

Neuronex

In December 2012, the Company acquired Neuronex, Inc., a privately-held development stage pharmaceutical company (Neuronex) developing Plumiaz (our trade name for Diazepam Nasal Spray). Plumiaz is a proprietary nasal spray formulation of diazepam that we are developing under Section 505(b)(2) of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act as an acute treatment for selected, refractory patients with epilepsy, on stable regimens of antiepileptic drugs, or AEDs, who experience

intermittent bouts of increased seizure activity also known as cluster seizures or acute repetitive seizures, or ARS.

Under the terms of the agreement, the Company made an upfront payment of $2.0 million in February 2012. The Company also paid $1.5 million during the twelve month period ended December 31, 2012 pursuant to a commitment under the agreement to fund research to prepare for the Plumiaz pre-NDA meeting with the FDA. In December 2012, the Company completed the acquisition by paying $6.8 million to former Neuronex shareholders less a $300,000 holdback provision. After adjustment for Neuronex’s working capital upon closing of the acquisition, approximately $120,000 of the holdback amount was remaining as of December 31, 2013. This balance was paid to the former equity holders of Neuronex pursuant to the merger agreement in February 2014.

The former equity holders of Neuronex are entitled to receive from Acorda up to an additional $18 million in contingent earnout payments upon the achievement of specified regulatory and manufacturing-related milestones with respect to Diazepam Nasal Spray products, and up to $105 million upon the achievement of specified sales milestones with respect to Diazepam Nasal Spray products. The former equity holders of Neuronex will also be entitled to receive tiered royalty-like earnout payments, ranging from the upper single digits to lower double digits, on worldwide net sales of Diazepam Nasal Spray products. These payments are payable on a country-by-country basis until the earlier to occur of ten years after the first commercial sale of a product in such country and the entry of generic competition in such country as defined in the Agreement.

The patent and other intellectual property and other rights relating to Diazepam Nasal Spray products are licensed from SK Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. (SK). Pursuant to the SK license, which granted worldwide rights to Neuronex, except certain specified Asian countries, the Company’s subsidiary Neuronex is obligated to pay SK up to $8 million upon the achievement of specified development milestones with respect to the Diazepam Nasal Spray product (including a $1 million payment that was triggered during the three-month period ending September 30, 2013 upon the FDA’s acceptance for review of the first NDA for Plumiaz and paid during the three-month period ending December 31, 2013), and up to $3 million upon the achievement of specified sales milestones with respect to the Diazepam Nasal Spray product. Also, Neuronex is obligated to pay SK a tiered, mid-single digit royalty on net sales of Diazepam Nasal Spray products.

The Company evaluated the transaction based upon the guidance of ASC 805, Business Combinations, and concluded that it only acquired inputs and did not acquire any processes. The Company needed to develop its own processes in order to produce an output. Therefore the Company accounted for the transaction as an asset acquisition and accordingly the $2.0 million upfront payment, $1.5 million in research funding and $6.8 million of closing consideration net of tangible net assets acquired of $3.7 million which were primarily the taxable amount of net operating loss carryforwards, were expensed as research and development expense during the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2012.

(10) Commitments and Contingencies

A summary of the Company’s commitments and contingencies was included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2013. The Company’s long-term contractual obligations include commitments and estimated purchase obligations entered into in the normal course of business.

In May 2014, we exercised our option to lease an additional 25,405 square feet of office space in Ardsley, New York under our current lease agreement with our landlord. We anticipate occupying the new space during the three-month period ended December 31, 2014, subject to completion of certain improvements to the space prior to our occupancy.

In June 2014, we issued $345 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes (the “Notes”), which aggregate principal amount includes the exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option. The Notes bear interest at the rate of 1.75% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears in cash on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2014. The Notes are due on June 15, 2021, although they can be converted into cash and shares of our common stock prior to maturity if certain conditions are met. Any conversion prior to maturity can result in repayment of the principal amount sooner than the scheduled repayment. See Note 8 – “Convertible Senior Notes”.

The Company accrues for amounts related to legal matters if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. While losses, if any, are possible, the Company is not able to estimate any ranges of losses as of June 30, 2014. Litigation expenses are expensed as incurred.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Background

We are a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the identification, development and commercialization of novel therapies that improve the lives of people with multiple sclerosis, or MS, spinal cord injury, or SCI, and other neurological disorders. We market three FDA-approved therapies, including: Ampyra (dalfampridine) Extended Release Tablets, 10 mg, a treatment to improve walking in patients with MS; Zanaflex Capsules (tizanidine hydrochloride) and Zanaflex tablets, a short-acting drug for the management of spasticity; and Qutenza (capsaicin) 8% Patch, for the management of neuropathic pain associated with postherpetic neuralgia. We have one of the leading pipelines in the industry of novel neurological therapies. We are currently developing six clinical stage therapies and one preclinical stage therapy that address a range of disorders, including post-stroke walking deficits, epilepsy, stroke, peripheral nerve damage, spinal cord injury, neuropathic pain, and heart failure.

Ampyra

General

Ampyra was approved by the FDA in January 2010 for the improvement of walking in people with MS. To our knowledge, Ampyra is the first and only product approved for this indication. Efficacy was shown in people with all four major types of MS (relapsing remitting, secondary progressive, progressive relapsing and primary progressive). Ampyra was made commercially available in the United States in March 2010. Net revenue for Ampyra was $87.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and $77.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2013.

Since the March 2010 launch of Ampyra, more than 90,000 people with MS in the U.S. have tried Ampyra. As of December 2013, approximately 70% of all people with MS who were prescribed Ampyra received a first refill, and approximately 40% of all people with MS who were prescribed Ampyra have been dispensed at least six months of the medicine through refills, consistent with previously reported trends. These refill rates exclude patients who started Ampyra through our First Step program. First Step patients that convert to commercial drug tend to be somewhat more persistent with respect to refills over time.

Ampyra is marketed in the United States through our own specialty sales force and commercial infrastructure. We currently have approximately 90 sales representatives in the field calling on a priority target list of approximately 7,000 physicians. We also have established teams of Medical Science Liaisons, Regional Reimbursement Directors, Managed Markets Account Directors who provide information and assistance to payers and physicians on Ampyra, National Trade Account Managers who work with our limited network of specialty pharmacies, and Market Development Managers who work collaboratively with field teams and corporate personnel to assist in the execution of the Company’s strategic initiatives.

Ampyra is distributed in the United States exclusively through a limited network of specialty pharmacy providers that deliver the medication to patients by mail; Kaiser Permanente, which distributes Ampyra to patients through a closed network of on-site pharmacies; and ASD Specialty Healthcare, Inc. (an AmerisourceBergen affiliate), which distributes Ampyra to the U.S. Bureau of Prisons and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or VA. All of these customers are contractually obligated to hold no more than an agreed number of days of inventory, ranging between 10 to 30 days.

We have contracted with a third party organization with extensive experience in coordinating patient benefits to run Ampyra Patient Support Services, or APSS, a dedicated resource that coordinates the prescription process among healthcare providers, people with MS, and insurance carriers. Processing of most incoming requests for prescriptions by APSS begins within 24 hours of receipt. Patients will experience a range of times to receive their first shipment based on the processing time for insurance requirements. As with any prescription product, patients who are members of benefit plans that have restrictive prior authorizations may experience delays in receiving their prescription.

Three of the largest national health plans in the U.S. – Aetna, United Healthcare and Cigna – have listed Ampyra in the lowest competitive reimbursement tier, which means that it is listed in either the lowest branded copay tier or the lowest branded specialty tier (if more than one specialty tier exists) of their commercial preferred drug list or formulary. Approximately 75% of commercially insured individuals in the U.S. continue to have no or limited prior authorizations, or PA’s, for Ampyra. We define limited PAs as those that require only an MS diagnosis, documentation of no contraindications, and/or simple documentation that the patient has a walking impairment; such documentation may include a Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25W) test. The access figure is calculated based on the number of pharmacy lives reported by commercial health plans.

License and Collaboration Agreement with Biogen Idec

Ampyra is marketed as Fampyra outside the U.S. by Biogen Idec International GmbH, or Biogen Idec, under a license and collaboration agreement that we entered into in June 2009. Fampyra has been approved in a number of countries across Europe, Asia and the Americas. Biogen Idec anticipates making Fampyra commercially available in additional markets in 2014. Under our agreement with Biogen Idec, we are entitled to receive double-digit tiered royalties on sales of Fampyra and we are also entitled to receive additional payments based on achievement of certain regulatory and sales milestones. We received a $25 million milestone payment from Biogen Idec in 2011, which was triggered by Biogen Idec’s receipt of conditional approval from the European Commission for Fampyra. The next expected milestone payment would be $15 million, due when ex-U.S. net sales exceed $100 million over four consecutive quarters.

Ampyra Patent Update

We have five issued patents listed in the FDA’s approved Drugs Product List (Orange Book) for Ampyra, one of which issued in 2014, and Ampyra also has Orphan Drug status, which extends into January 2017. The five Orange Book-listed patents for Ampyra are as follows:

The first is U.S. Patent No. 8,007,826, with claims relating to methods to improve walking in patients with MS by administering 10 mg of sustained release 4-aminopyridine (dalfampridine) twice daily. Based on the final patent term adjustment calculation of the United States Patent and Trademark Office, or USPTO, this patent will extend into 2027.

The second is U.S. Patent No. 5,540,938 (“the ‘938 patent”), the claims of which relate to methods for treating a neurological disease, such as MS, and cover the use of a sustained release dalfampridine formulation, such as AMPYRA (dalfampridine) Extended Release Tablets, 10 mg for improving walking in people with MS. In April 2013, the ‘938 patent received a five year patent term extension under the patent restoration provisions of the Hatch Waxman Act. With a five year patent term extension, the ‘938 patent will expire in 2018. We have an exclusive license to this patent from Alkermes (originally with Elan, but transferred to Alkermes as part of its acquisition of Elan’s Drug Technologies business).

The third is U.S. Patent No. 8,354,437, which includes claims relating to methods to improve walking, increase walking speed, and treat walking disability in patients with MS by administering 10 mg of sustained release 4-aminopyridine (dalfampridine) twice daily. This patent is set to expire in 2026.

The fourth is U.S. Patent No. 8,440,703, which includes claims directed to methods of improving lower extremity function and walking and increasing walking speed in patients with MS by administering less than 15 mg of sustained release 4-aminopyridine (dalfampridine) twice daily. This patent is set to expire in 2025.

·	The fifth, which issued in March of 2014, is U.S. Patent No. 8,663,685 with claims relating to methods to improve walking in patients with MS by administering 10 mg of sustained release 4-aminopyridine (dalfampridine) twice daily. Absent patent term adjustment, the patent is set to expire in 2024.

In June 2014, we announced receipt of a Paragraph IV Certification Notice Letter advising that Actavis Laboratories FL, Inc. submitted an Abbreviated New Drug Application, or ANDA, to the FDA requesting permission to manufacture and market a generic version of Ampyra (dalfampridine) Extended Release Tablets, 10 mg. Subsequently, we received an additional seven Paragraph IV Certification Notice Letters from Accord Healthcare, Inc., Alkem Laboratories Ltd., Apotex, Inc., Aurobindo Pharma Ltd., Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Roxane Laboratories, Inc., Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., also requesting permission to manufacture and market generic versions of Ampyra Extended Release Tablets, 10 mg. The ANDA

filers have challenged the validity of our Orange Book-listed patents for Ampyra, and they have also asserted that generic versions of their products do not infringe certain claims of these patents. In response to these filings, we filed several lawsuits against all of these companies in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware alleging multiple counts of patent infringement. This litigation is further described below in Part II, Item 1 of this report. We filed these lawsuits within 45 days from the date of receipt of each of the Paragraph IV Certification Notice Letters. As a result, a 30 month statutory stay of approval period applies to each of the ANDAs under the Hatch-Waxman Act. The 30 month stay starts from January 22, 2015, which is the end of the new chemical entity (NCE) exclusivity period for Ampyra. This restricts the FDA from approving the ANDAs until July 2017 at the earliest, unless a Federal district court issues a decision adverse to all of our asserted Orange Book-listed patents prior to that date.

In 2011, the European Patent Office, or EPO, granted EP 1732548, the counterpart European patent to U.S. Patent No. 8,354,437 with claims relating to, among other things, use of a sustained release aminopyridine composition, such as dalfampridine, to increase walking speed. In March 2012, Synthon B.V. and neuraxpharm Arzneimittel GmBH filed oppositions with the EPO challenging the EP 1732548 patent. We defended the patent, and in December 2013, we announced that the EPO Opposition Division upheld amended claims in this patent covering a sustained release formulation of dalfampridine for increasing walking in patients with MS through twice daily dosing at 10 mg. Both Synthon B.V. and neuraxpharm Arzneimittel GmBH have appealed the decision. In December 2013, Synthon B.V., neuraxpharm Arzneimittel GmBH and Actavis Group PTC ehf filed oppositions with the EPO challenging our EP 2377536 patent, which is a divisional of the EP 1732548 patent. Both European patents are set to expire in 2025, absent any additional exclusivity granted based on regulatory review timelines.

Zanaflex

Zanaflex Capsules and Zanaflex tablets are FDA-approved as short-acting drugs for the management of spasticity, a symptom of many central nervous system, or CNS, disorders, including MS and SCI. These products contain tizanidine hydrochloride, one of the two leading drugs used to treat spasticity. We launched Zanaflex Capsules in April 2005 as part of our strategy to build a commercial platform for the potential market launch of Ampyra. Combined net revenue of Zanaflex Capsules and Zanaflex tablets was $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2013. In 2012, Apotex commercially launched a generic version of tizanidine hydrochloride capsules, and we also launched our own authorized generic version, which is being marketed by Watson Pharma (a subsidiary of Actavis). In March 2013, Mylan Pharmaceuticals commercially launched their own generic version of Zanaflex Capsules. The commercial launch of generic tizanidine hydrochloride capsules has caused a significant decline in net revenue from the sale of Zanaflex Capsules, and the launch of these generic versions and the potential launch of other generic versions is expected to cause the Company’s net revenue from Zanaflex Capsules to decline further in 2014 and beyond.

Qutenza and NP-1998; NeurogesX Transaction

In July 2013, we acquired two neuropathic pain management assets from NeurogesX, Inc., including: Qutenza, which is approved by the FDA for the management of neuropathic pain associated with post-herpetic neuralgia, also known as post-shingles pain; and NP-1998, a Phase 3 ready, prescription strength capsaicin topical solution, being assessed for the treatment of neuropathic pain. NP-1998 was previously referred to as NGX-1998. We made a $7.5 million payment to acquire development and commercialization rights for Qutenza and NP-1998 in the United States, Canada, Latin America and certain other territories. We may also make up to $5.0 million in payments contingent upon the achievement of certain regulatory and sales milestones related to NP-1998.

Astellas Pharma Europe Ltd. has exclusive commercialization rights for Qutenza in the European Economic Area (EEA) including the 28 countries of the European Union, Iceland, Norway, and Liechtenstein as well as Switzerland, certain countries in Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Astellas also has an option to develop NP-1998 in those same territories.

Qutenza is a dermal patch containing 8% prescription strength capsaicin that can last up to three months and is approved for the management of neuropathic pain associated with post-herpetic neuralgia. The drug was approved by the FDA in 2010 and launched in April 2010 but NeurogesX discontinued active promotion of the product in March 2012. Net product revenue of Qutenza was $276,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2014. In January 2014, we re-launched Qutenza using our existing commercial organization, including our specialty neurology sales force.

NP-1998 is a topical solution containing 20% prescription strength capsaicin. We believe this liquid formulation of the capsaicin-based therapy has key advantages over the patch, and we are currently designing a plan to expedite

development of this product as both a stand-alone therapy and as an adjunct to existing systemic therapies for neuropathic pain. NP-1998 has the potential to treat multiple neuropathies. We are planning to pursue treatment of painful HIV-related neuropathy as the first indication for NP-1998, and expect to begin a Phase 3 clinical trial by the end of 2014. We are also exploring the potential for additional indications, including painful diabetic neuropathy. In 2014, we are expecting to receive data from an Astellas clinical trial to assess the use of its capsaicin (8%) cutaneous patch QUTENZA™ in the treatment of pain associated with painful diabetic neuropathy, or PDN. While the patch and NP-1998 are different products, they contain the same active ingredient, capsaicin, so the results of this Astellas trial may help inform our evaluation of a potential development plan for NP-1998 to treat painful diabetic neuropathy. Also, in February 2014, Astellas presented data from its ELEVATE study at the 14th Asian Australasian Congress of Anesthesiologists, which compared its capsaicin (8%) cutaneous patch QUTENZA™ to an oral therapy widely used to treat various neuropathic pain conditions. This open label study compared efficacy, tolerability, and safety, and the data may be useful in connection with our development plans for NP-1998.

Research & Development Programs

We are developing what we believe is one of the industry’s leading pipelines of novel neurological therapies. We are developing Plumiaz (our trade name for Diazepam Nasal Spray), a proprietary nasal spray formulation of diazepam, for the treatment of people with epilepsy who experience cluster seizures, also known as acute repetitive seizures. We are also studying dalfampridine extended release tablets to improve walking in people who suffer from post-stroke walking deficits. In addition, we have several research and development programs focused on distinct therapeutic approaches to restoring neurologic and/or cardiac function, as follows. We are developing the clinical stage compounds GGF2 for the treatment of heart failure, rHIgM22, a remyelinating monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of MS, and AC105 for acute treatment of SCI. GGF2 is also being investigated in preclinical studies as a treatment for neurological conditions such as stroke and peripheral nerve injury. Chondroitinase, an enzyme that encourages nerve plasticity in the damaged central nervous system, as in SCI, is in preclinical development. We believe these programs for restoring neurologic and/or cardiac function have the potential to be first-in-class therapies, and may be applicable across a number of CNS disorders, including stroke and traumatic brain injury, or TBI, because many of the mechanisms of tissue damage and repair are similar. Our research and development programs also include our recently acquired NP-1998 program, described above.

Plumiaz (diazepam) Nasal Spray

In December 2012, we completed the acquisition of Neuronex, Inc., a privately-held pharmaceutical company developing Plumiaz (our trade name for Diazepam Nasal Spray). Plumiaz is a proprietary nasal spray formulation of diazepam as an acute treatment for selected, refractory patients with epilepsy, on stable regimens of antiepileptic drugs, or AEDs, who experience intermittent bouts of increased seizure activity, also known as cluster seizures or acute repetitive seizures.

In November 2013, we announced that we submitted a New Drug Application, or NDA, filing for Plumiaz to the FDA. Plumiaz was filed under section 505(b)(2) of the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, referencing data from a therapy previously approved by the FDA (DIASTAT® Rectal Gel) and providing pharmacokinetic data comparing the reference product to Plumiaz. The Company is seeking an indication for Plumiaz in people with epilepsy who experience cluster seizures. In May 2014, the FDA issued a Complete Response Letter, or CRL, for the Plumiaz NDA. We are working with the FDA to finalize the requirements for re-filing the Plumiaz NDA, and are preparing to begin the clinical work that will be necessary for re-submission. We are still planning on pursuing the 505(b)(2) pathway as described above. Once we have refiled the NDA, we expect that the FDA will respond to our submission within six months. Based on the requirements noted in the letter, we do not expect Plumiaz to receive FDA approval in 2014.

We have obtained orphan drug designation, which would confer seven years of market exclusivity from the date of approval for diazepam containing drug products for the same indication. We licensed two patent families relating to the clinical formulation for Plumiaz, including a granted U.S. patent that is set to expire in 2029. We anticipate that our current infrastructure can support sales and marketing of this product if it receives FDA approval. We believe this product has the potential to generate peak annual sales significantly higher than $100 million.

Ampyra/Dalfampridine Development Programs

We believe there may be potential for Ampyra to be applied to other indications within MS and also in other neurological conditions. For example, we have conducted a Phase 2 proof-of-concept trial of dalfampridine extended release tablets in post-stroke walking deficits. This study, which was initiated in 2012, explored the use of dalfampridine in patients

who have experienced a stroke at least six (6) months prior to enrollment and who have stabilized with chronic neurologic deficits, which may include impaired walking, motor and sensory function and manual dexterity. Over the first six months following a stroke, patients typically show some degree of spontaneous recovery of function, which may be enhanced by rehabilitation and physical therapy. This trial targeted motor impairments that remain after such recovery. In the study, treatment with dalfampridine extended release was well-tolerated and improved walking, as measured by the Timed 25-Foot Walk test (T25FW). The safety findings in this study were consistent with previous clinical trials and post-marketing experience of dalfampridine extended release tablets in MS. Findings from the trial were presented at the American Neurological Association annual meeting in October 2013, and post-hoc analyses were included in a platform presentation in February 2014 at the 2014 International Stroke Conference.

In July 2014, we announced that we expect to initiate a Phase 3 clinical trial by the end of this year studying the use of dalfampridine administered twice daily (BID) to improve walking in people who have experienced a stroke. This formulation was used in our proof of concept study for which we announced positive results last year, referred to above. We have been exploring a once-daily (QD) formulation of dalfampridine for use in the post-stroke clinical program. Based on the results of an in-vitro alcohol dose dumping study and a subsequent fed-fasted study, we have determined that the QD formulation that we had been developing with an external partner is not practical for further testing. We are working with external partners to develop a new QD formulation that could be included in future post-stroke studies. We met with the FDA in December 2013 and we are integrating FDA design recommendations into the study protocol. As part of the trial design, we are planning to conduct an interim analysis of the trial data, and depending on the outcome of that analysis we may initiate a second pivotal trial prior to the conclusion of the Phase 3 trial.

We also are continuing to evaluate possible grants for investigator-initiated studies looking for potential benefits, including in other neurological disorders.

Glial Growth Factor 2

We have completed a GGF2 Phase 1 clinical trial in heart failure patients. This was a dose-escalating trial designed to test the maximum tolerated single dose, with follow-up assessments at one, three, and six months. In March 2013, we presented three-month data from this clinical trial in a platform presentation at the American College of Cardiology (ACC) annual meeting. These data showed a dose-related improvement in ejection fraction in addition to safety findings. Dose-limiting toxicities were also identified in the highest planned dose cohort including acute liver injury meeting Hy’s Law for drug induced hepatotoxicity. In October 2013, we announced that the first patient was enrolled in the second clinical trial of GGF2. This Phase 1b single-infusion trial in people with heart failure is assessing tolerability of three dose levels of GGF2, which were tested in the first trial, and also includes assessment of drug-drug interactions and several exploratory measures of efficacy. We voluntarily paused enrollment in this trial in December 2013 pending review of additional preclinical data with the FDA. In April 2014, we announced that we had completed this review and agreed with the FDA that the trial will resume recruitment. We expect to complete this trial in the second half of 2015. If we are able to establish a proof of concept for treatment of heart failure through human clinical studies, we may decide to develop the product independently or to enter into a partnership, most likely with a cardiovascular-focused company.

Remyelinating Antibodies.

We have a remyelinating antibodies program that we acquired under license from the Foundation for Medical Education and Research, or Mayo Clinic. Studies have demonstrated the ability of this family of antibodies to stimulate repair of the myelin sheath in three different animal models of MS. Some antibodies within this portfolio also stimulate the growth of neurons and may have applications beyond demyelinating disorders. First identified in mice, similar remyelinating antibodies were subsequently identified in human blood samples by Mayo Clinic. rHIgM22 is our lead recombinant human remyelinating antibody. We believe a therapy that could repair myelin sheaths has the potential to restore substantial neurological function to those affected by demyelinating conditions.

In April 2013, we initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial of rHIgM22 to assess the safety and tolerability of rHIgM22 in patients with MS. The study also includes several exploratory efficacy measures. We have completed the dose escalation portion of this trial, with no serious or limiting adverse events reported. The second portion of this trial is exploring safety, tolerability and efficacy endpoints for six months in additional patients at the two highest doses achieved in the dose escalation portion of the trial. Enrollment in the second portion of this trial is complete. We expect to complete our initial analysis of the Phase 1 clinical trial data in early 2015.

AC105

In June 2011, we entered into a License Agreement with Medtronic, Inc. and one of its affiliates, pursuant to which we acquired worldwide development and commercialization rights to certain formulations of magnesium with a polymer such as polyethylene glycol (which we refer to as AC105). Pursuant to the License Agreement, we paid Medtronic an upfront fee of $3 million and are obligated to pay up to an additional $32 million upon the achievement of specified regulatory and development milestones. If we commercialize AC105, we will also be obligated to pay a single-digit royalty on sales. We are studying AC105 as an acute treatment for patients who have suffered SCI. In September 2013, we announced that the first patient was enrolled in a Phase 2 clinical trial evaluating the safety and tolerability of AC105 in people with traumatic SCI. The study also incorporates several exploratory efficacy measures. Recruitment in this trial has been challenging due to several factors, and we are working with the trial centers to address the issues.

Chondroitinase Program

We are continuing research on the potential use of chondroitinases for the treatment of injuries to the brain and spinal cord, as well as other neurotraumatic indications. The chondroitinase program is in the research and translational development phase and has not yet entered formal preclinical development.

Convertible Senior Notes

In June 2014, we completed a public offering of $345 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2021 (the “Notes”), which aggregate principal amount includes the exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including to fund possible acquisitions of, or investments in, complementary businesses, products and technologies. The Notes are further described below in this report under “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Corporate Update

In May 2014, we appointed Andrew Hindman as our Chief Business Development Officer, leading our efforts to expand our pipeline through potential acquisitions and/or in-licensing of assets. In June 2014, we appointed Soon Hyouk Lee as Vice President of Business Development to support our business development efforts.

We currently lease approximately 138,000 square feet of office and laboratory space in Ardsley, N.Y. Our lease for this facility includes options to lease up to approximately 120,000 additional square feet of space in additional buildings at the same location. In May 2014, we notified the landlord that we were exercising our option to expand into an additional 25,405 square feet of office space. We anticipate occupying the additional space in the fourth quarter of 2014, subject to completion of certain improvements to the space prior to occupancy.

Outlook for 2014

Financial Guidance for 2014

We are providing the following guidance with respect to our 2014 financial performance:

·	We expect 2014 net revenue from the sale of Ampyra to range from $328 million to $335 million.

We expect Zanaflex (tizanidine hydrochloride) and ex-U.S. Fampyra (prolonged-release fampridine tablets) 2014 revenue to be approximately $25 million, which includes net sales of branded Zanaflex products, royalties from ex-U.S. Fampyra and authorized generic tizanidine hydrochloride capsules sales, and $9.1 million in amortized licensing revenue from the $110 million payment we received from Biogen Idec in 2009 for Fampyra ex-U.S. development and commercialization rights.

·	Research and development (R&D) expenses in 2014 are expected to range from $60 million to $70 million, excluding share-based compensation charges and expenditures related to the potential acquisition of new products or other business development activities.

·	Selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A) in 2014 are expected to range from $180 million to $190 million, excluding share-based compensation charges and expenditures related to the potential acquisition of new

products or other business development activities.

The range of SG&A and R&D expenditures for 2014 are non-GAAP financial measures because they exclude share-based compensation charges. Non-GAAP financial measures are not an alternative for financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. However, we believe the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures, when viewed in conjunction with actual GAAP results, provides investors with a more meaningful understanding of our projected operating performance because they exclude non-cash charges that are substantially dependent on changes in the market price of our common stock. We believe that non-GAAP financial measures that exclude share-based compensation charges help indicate underlying trends in our business, and are important in comparing current results with prior period results and understanding expected operating performance. Also, our management uses non-GAAP financial measures that exclude share-based compensation charges to establish budgets and operational goals, and to manage our business and to evaluate its performance.

Development Pipeline Goals

Our planned goals and key initiatives with respect to our pipeline during and beyond 2014 are as follows:

In November 2013, we announced that we submitted an NDA filing for Plumiaz to the FDA. In May 2014, the FDA issued a Complete Response Letter, or CRL, for the Plumiaz NDA. We are working with the FDA to finalize the requirements for re-filing the Plumiaz NDA, and are preparing to begin the clinical work that will be necessary for re-submission. Once we have refiled the NDA, we expect that the FDA will respond to our submission within six months. Based on the requirements noted in the letter, we do not expect Plumiaz to receive FDA approval in 2014.

Initiate a Phase 3 clinical trial by the end of this year studying the use of dalfampridine administered twice daily (BID) to improve walking in people who have experienced a stroke. We met with the FDA in December 2013 and we are integrating FDA design recommendations into the study protocol. As part of the trial design, we are planning to conduct an interim analysis of the trial data, and depending on the outcome of that analysis we may initiate a second pivotal trial prior to the conclusion of the Phase 3 trial.

·	We are planning to pursue treatment of painful HIV-related neuropathy as the first indication for NP-1998, and expect to begin a Phase 3 clinical trial by the end of 2014.

Continue to progress our Phase 1 clinical trial of rHIgM22, which we initiated in April 2013. We have completed the dose escalation portion of this trial, with no serious or limiting adverse events reported. The second portion of this trial is exploring safety, tolerability and efficacy endpoints for six months in additional patients at the two highest doses achieved in the dose escalation portion of the trial. Enrollment in the second portion of this trial is complete. We expect to complete our initial analysis of the Phase 1 clinical trial data in early 2015.

Continue to progress our second clinical trial of GGF2, which we initiated in October 2013. This is a Phase 1b single-infusion trial in people with heart failure that is assessing tolerability of three dose levels of GGF2, which were tested in our first clinical trial of GGF2, and which also includes assessment of drug-drug interactions and several exploratory measures of efficacy. In October 2013, we announced that the first patient was enrolled in this clinical trial. We voluntarily paused enrollment in this trial in December 2013 pending review of additional preclinical data with the FDA. In April 2014, we announced that we had completed this review and agreed with the FDA that the trial will resume recruitment. We expect to complete this trial in the second half of 2015.

Continue to progress our AC105 clinical trial, which is evaluating the safety and tolerability of AC105 in people with traumatic SCI, and also incorporates several exploratory efficacy measures. In September 2013, we announced that the first patient was enrolled in this clinical trial. Recruitment in this trial has been challenging due to several factors, and we are working with the trial centers to address the issues.

Results of Operations

Three-Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 Compared to June 30, 2013

Net Product Revenues

Ampyra

We recognize product sales of Ampyra following shipment of product to our network of specialty pharmacy providers, Kaiser and the specialty distributor to the VA. We recognized net revenue from the sale of Ampyra to these customers of $87.4 million as compared to $77.8 million for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, an increase of $9.6 million, or 12.3%. The net revenue increase was comprised of price increases net of discount and allowance adjustments of $7.6 million and net volume increases of $2.0 million. Net revenue from sales of Ampyra increased for the three-month period ended June 30, 2014 compared to the same period of 2013 due to our price increase and greater demand we believe due to, in part, the success of certain marketing programs such as our First Step and Step Together programs. Effective January 2, 2014, we increased our sale price to our customers by 10.75%.

Discounts and allowances which are included as an offset in net revenue consist of allowances for customer credits, including estimated chargebacks, rebates, discounts and returns. Discounts and allowances are recorded following shipment of Ampyra tablets to our network of specialty pharmacy providers, Kaiser and the specialty distributor to the VA. Adjustments are recorded for estimated chargebacks, rebates, and discounts. Discounts and allowances also consist of discounts provided to Medicare beneficiaries whose prescription drug costs cause them to be subject to the Medicare Part D coverage gap (i.e., the “donut hole”). Payment of coverage gap discounts is required under the Affordable Care Act, the health care reform legislation enacted in 2010. Discounts and allowances may increase as a percentage of sales as we enter into managed care contracts in the future.

Zanaflex

We recognize product sales of Zanaflex Capsules and Zanaflex tablets using a deferred revenue recognition model where shipments to wholesalers are recorded as deferred revenue and only recognized as revenue when end-user prescriptions of the product are reported. We also recognize product sales on the transfer price of product sold for an authorized generic of Zanaflex Capsules. We recognized net revenue from the sale of Zanaflex Capsules and Zanaflex tablets of $0.7 million for the three-month period ended June 30, 2014, as compared to $1.2 million for the three-month period ended June 30, 2013. Net product revenues also include $1.3 million which represents the sale of our Zanaflex Capsules authorized generic product to Actavis for the three-month period ended June 30, 2014 as compared to $1.1 million for the three-month period ended June 30, 2013. Generic competition has caused a significant decline in sales of Zanaflex Capsules and is expected to cause the Company’s net revenue from Zanaflex Capsules to decline further in 2014 and beyond. The decrease in net revenues was also the result of a disproportionate increase in discounts and allowances due to the mix of customers continuing to purchase our product. These customers receive higher levels of rebates and allowances.

Discounts and allowances, which are included as an offset in net revenue, consist of allowances for customer credits, including estimated chargebacks, rebates, and discounts. Adjustments are recorded for estimated chargebacks, rebates, and discounts.

Qutenza

We started selling Qutenza in July 2013 as a result of the NeurogesX transaction. We recognize product sales of Qutenza following shipment of product to our specialty distributors. We recognized net revenue from the sale of Qutenza to these customers of $276,000 for the three-month period ended June 30, 2014. For the foreseeable future we do not expect that sales of this product will materially contribute to our revenues.

License Revenue

We recognized $2.3 million in license revenue for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, related to the $110.0 million received from Biogen Idec in 2009 as part of our collaboration agreement. We currently estimate the recognition period to be approximately 12 years from the date of the Collaboration Agreement.

Royalty Revenue

We recognized $2.8 million and $2.2 million in royalty revenue for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, related to ex-U.S. sales of Fampyra by Biogen Idec.

We recognized $2.4 million and $2.5 million in royalty revenue for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, related to the authorized generic sale of Zanaflex Capsules.

Cost of Sales

We recorded cost of sales of $18.9 million for the three-month period ended June 30, 2014 as compared to $16.9 million for the three-month period ended June 30, 2013. Cost of sales for the three-month period ended June 30, 2014 consisted primarily of $15.1 million in inventory costs related to recognized revenues. Cost of sales for the three-month period ended June 30, 2014 also consisted of $2.1 million in royalty fees based on net product shipments, $179,000 in amortization of intangible assets, and $165,000 in period costs related to freight, stability testing, and packaging. Cost of sales also included $1.3 million, which represents the cost of Zanaflex Capsules authorized generic product sold for the three-month period ended June 30, 2014.

Cost of sales for the three-month period ended June 30, 2013 consisted primarily of $13.7 million in inventory costs related to recognized revenues. Cost of sales for the three-month period ended June 30, 2013 also consisted of $1.9 million in royalty fees based on net product shipments, $147,000 in amortization of intangible assets, and $73,000 in period costs related to freight, stability testing, and packaging. Cost of sales also included $1.1 million, which represents the cost of Zanaflex Capsules authorized generic product sold for the three-month period ended June 30, 2013.

Cost of License Revenue

We recorded cost of license revenue of $159,000 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Cost of license revenue represents the recognition of a portion of the deferred $7.7 million paid to Alkermes in 2009 in connection with the $110.0 million received from Biogen Idec as a result of our collaboration agreement.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses for the three-month period ended June 30, 2014 were $16.4 million as compared to $13.2 million for the three-month period ended June 30, 2013, an increase of $3.2 million, or 24%. The increase was primarily due to increases in expenses for various research and development programs, including $1.9 million related to our life cycle management program for Ampyra, $1.0 million in preclinical expenses for the remyelinating antibodies program (rHIgM22), and an increase in overall research and development staff, compensation and related expenses of $759,000 to support the various research and development initiatives. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $515,000 related to our development of Plumiaz.

Selling, General and Administrative

Sales and marketing expenses for the three-month period ended June 30, 2014 were $29.0 million compared to $29.5 million for the three-month period ended June 30, 2013, a decrease of $504,000, or 2%. The decrease was attributable to a decrease in overall marketing, selling, and distribution expenses for Ampyra of $2.3 million as well as a decrease in market research expenses across all products of $1.2 million. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $1.2 million for pre-launch activities associated with the possible commercialization of Plumiaz and an increase in overall compensation, benefits, and other selling expenses of $1.1 million.

General and administrative expenses for the three-month period ended June 30, 2014 were $21.7 million compared to $18.5 million for the three-month period ended June 30, 2013, an increase of $3.2 million, or 17%. This increase was primarily the result of increases for staff and compensation expenses and other expenses related to supporting the growth of the organization and an increase in legal fees.

Other Expense

Other expense was $261,000 for the three-month period ended June 30, 2014 compared to $583,000 for the three-month period ended June 30, 2013, a decrease of $322,000, or 55%. The decrease was due to a decrease in interest expense of $323,000 principally related to the PRF revenue interest agreement due to a decrease in Zanaflex sales, partially offset by an

increase in interest expense related to the new convertible senior notes issued in June 2014. We will report interest expense in future quarters of between $3.6 million and $4 million. The quarterly interest expense for each of the last two quarters of 2014 will be $3.6 million.

Provision for Income Taxes

For the three-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded a provision for income taxes of $6.0 million and $4.2 million, respectively, based upon its estimated tax liability for the year. The provision for income taxes is based on federal, state and Puerto Rico income taxes. The effective income tax rates for the Company for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 were 56% and 52%, respectively. As a result of the Federal research and development tax credit not being extended during the first quarter of 2014, the Company was not able to receive a benefit in the effective tax rate for this in 2014.

We continue to evaluate the realizability of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities on a periodic basis and will adjust such amounts in light of changing facts and circumstances including, but not limited to, future projections of taxable income, tax legislation, rulings by relevant tax authorities, the progress of ongoing tax audits and the regulatory approval of products currently under development. Any changes to the valuation allowance or deferred tax assets in the future would impact the Company's income taxes.

Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2014 Compared to June 30, 2013

Net Product Revenues

Ampyra

We recognize product sales of Ampyra following shipment of product to our network of specialty pharmacy providers, Kaiser Permanente and the specialty distributor to the VA. We recognized net revenue from the sale of Ampyra to these customers of $159.9 million as compared to $140.2 million for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, an increase of $19.7 million, or 14%. The net revenue increase is comprised of price increases net of discount and allowance adjustments of $12.8 million and net volume increases of $6.9 million. Net revenue from sales of Ampyra increased for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 compared to the same period of 2013 due to our price increase and greater demand we believe due to, in part, the success of certain marketing programs such as our First Step and Step Together programs. Effective January 2, 2014, we increased our sale price to our customers by 10.75%.

Zanaflex

We recognize product sales of Zanaflex Capsules and Zanaflex tablets using a deferred revenue recognition model where shipments to wholesalers are recorded as deferred revenue and only recognized as revenue when end-user prescriptions of the product are reported. We also recognize product sales on the transfer price of product sold for an authorized generic of Zanaflex Capsules. We recognized net revenue from the sale of Zanaflex Capsules and Zanaflex tablets of $1.6 million for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014, as compared to $2.5 million for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013. Net product revenues also include $2.2 million which represents the sale of our Zanaflex Capsules authorized generic product to Actavis for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014, as compared to $1.6 million for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013. Generic competition has caused a significant decline in sales of Zanaflex Capsules and is expected to cause the Company’s net revenue from Zanaflex Capsules to decline further in 2014 and beyond. The decrease in net revenues was also the result of a disproportionate increase in discounts and allowances due to the mix of customers continuing to purchase our product. These customers receive higher levels of rebates and allowances.

discounts.

License Revenue

We recognized $4.5 million in license revenue for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, related to the $110.0 million received from Biogen Idec in 2009 as part of our collaboration agreement. We currently estimate the recognition period to be approximately 12 years from the date of the Collaboration Agreement.

Royalty Revenues

We recognized $5.2 million and $5.1 million in royalty revenue for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively related to ex-U.S. sales of Fampyra by Biogen Idec. In 2011, the German government implemented new legislation to manage pricing related to new drug products introduced within the German market through a review of each product’s comparative efficacy. Biogen Idec launched Fampyra in Germany in August 2011. During the six-month period ended June 30, 2012, the government agency completed its comparative efficacy assessment of Fampyra indicating a range of pricing below Biogen Idec’s initial launch price, which was unregulated for the first 12 months after launch consistent with German law. The Company recognized royalty revenue during a portion of 2012 based on the lowest point of the initially indicated German pricing authority range. Biogen Idec signed the pricing agreement during the three-month period ended March 31, 2013 and the Company recognized additional royalty revenue related to 2012 in the first quarter of 2013.

We also recognized $3.8 million and $5.1 million in royalty revenue for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively, related to the authorized generic sale of Zanaflex Capsules.

Cost of Sales

We recorded cost of sales of $34.4 million for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 as compared to $30.4 million for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013. Cost of sales for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 consisted primarily of $27.8 million in inventory costs related to recognized revenues. Cost of sales for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 also consisted of $3.8 million in royalty fees based on net product shipments, $358,000 in amortization of intangible assets, and $252,000 in period costs related to freight, stability testing, and packaging. Cost of sales also included $2.2 million, which represents the cost of Zanaflex Capsules authorized generic product sold for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014.

Cost of sales for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013 consisted primarily of $24.8 million in inventory costs related to recognized revenues. Cost of sales for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013 also consisted of $3.6 million in royalty fees based on net product shipments, $294,000 in amortization of intangible assets, and $136,000 in period costs related to freight, stability testing, and packaging. Cost of sales also included $1.6 million, which represents the cost of Zanaflex Capsules authorized generic product sold for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013.

Cost of License Revenue

We recorded cost of license revenue of $317,000 for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Cost of license revenue represents the recognition of a portion of the deferred $7.7 million paid to Alkermes plc (Alkermes), formerly Elan Corporation, plc (Elan) in 2009 in connection with the $110.0 million received from Biogen Idec as a result of our collaboration agreement.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 were $31.0 million as compared to $25.7 million for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013, an increase of approximately $5.3 million, or 21%. The increase was primarily due to increases in expenses for various research and development programs, including $1.9 million in preclinical expenses for the remyelinating antibodies program (rHIgM22), $1.2 million related to our life cycle management program for Ampyra, and $523,000 related to our development of Plumiaz. The increase was also due to an increase in overall research and development staff, compensation and related expenses of $1.7 million to support the various research and development initiatives.

Selling, General and Administrative

Sales and marketing expenses for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 were $55.6 million compared to $58.9 million for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013, a decrease of $3.3 million, or 6%. The decrease was attributable to a decrease in overall marketing, selling, and distribution expenses for Ampyra of $5.4 million as well as a decrease in market research expenses across all products of $1.1 million. These decreases were partially offset by an increase of $2.2 million for pre-launch activities associated with the possible commercialization of Plumiaz and an increase in overall compensation, benefits, and other selling expenses of $1.1 million.

General and administrative expenses for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 were $41.9 million compared to $37.2 million for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013, an increase of $4.7 million, or 13%. This increase was the result of increases for staff and compensation expenses and other expenses related to supporting the growth of the organization, an increase in legal fees and an increase for an FDA post-approval commitment study on Zanaflex Capsules totaling $6.4 million. The increases in general and administrative expenses for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 were partially offset by a decrease in drug safety and surveillance expenses of $1.6 million, and a decrease in business development expenses of $1.1 million due to the NeurogesX acquisition completed in 2013.

Other Expense

Other expense was $181,000 for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 compared to $1.0 million for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013, a decrease of approximately $819,000, or 82%. The decrease was due to a decrease in interest expense of $821,000, principally related to the PRF revenue interest agreement due to a decrease in Zanaflex sales. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in interest expense related to the new convertible senior notes issued in June 2014. We will report interest expense in future quarters of between $3.6 million and $4 million. The quarterly interest expense for each of the last two quarters of 2014 will be $3.6 million.

Provision for Income Taxes

For the six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, we recorded a provision for income taxes of $8.8 million and a $2.5 million, respectively, based upon our estimated tax liability for the year. The provision for income taxes is based on federal, state and Puerto Rico income taxes. The effective income tax rates for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 were 62% and 47%, respectively. As a result of the Federal research and development tax credit not being extended during the first two quarters of 2014, the Company was not able to receive a benefit in the effective tax rate for this in 2014.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through private placements and public offerings of our common stock and preferred stock, a convertible debt offering, payments received under our collaboration and licensing agreements, sales of Ampyra and Zanaflex Capsules, and, to a lesser extent, from loans, government grants and our financing arrangement with PRF.

We were cash flow positive in 2013 and, at June 30, 2014, we had $727.7 million of cash, cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments, compared to $367.2 million at December 31, 2013. Any investments classified as long-term had maturity dates of no later than October 15, 2015. We believe that we have sufficient cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments on hand, in addition to cash expected to be generated from operations, to fund our 2014 business plan, including our currently anticipated development pipeline activities in 2014.

Our future capital requirements will depend on a number of factors, including the amount of revenue generated from sales of Ampyra, the continued progress of our research and development activities, the amount and timing of milestone or other payments payable under collaboration, license and acquisition agreements, the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property rights, and capital required or used for future acquisitions or to in-license new products as well as the development costs relating to those products or

compounds. To the extent our capital resources are insufficient to meet future operating requirements we will need to raise additional capital, reduce planned expenditures, or incur indebtedness to fund our operations. If we require additional financing in the future, we cannot assure you that it will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all.

Financing Arrangements

Saints Capital Notes

In January 1997, Elan International Services, Ltd. (EIS) loaned us an aggregate of $7.5 million pursuant to two convertible promissory notes to partly fund our research and development activities. On December 23, 2005, Elan transferred these promissory notes to funds affiliated with Saints Capital. As of June 30, 2014, $3.3 million of these promissory notes was outstanding, which amount includes accrued interest. The fourth of seven annual payments on this note was due and paid on the four year anniversary of Ampyra approval on January 22, 2014 and will continue to be paid annually until paid in full.

PRF

On December 23, 2005, we entered into a revenue interest assignment agreement with PRF, a dedicated healthcare investment fund, pursuant to which we assigned to PRF the right to a portion of our net revenues (as defined in the agreement) from Zanaflex Capsules, Zanaflex tablets and any future Zanaflex products including the authorized generic version of Zanaflex Capsules being sold by Watson effective in February 2012. To secure our obligations to PRF, we also granted PRF a security interest in substantially all of our assets related to Zanaflex. Our agreement with PRF covers all Zanaflex net revenues generated from October 1, 2005 through and including December 31, 2015, including the authorized generic version of Zanaflex Capsules revenue, unless the agreement terminates earlier. In November 2006, we entered into an amendment to the revenue interest assignment agreement with PRF. Under the terms of the amendment, PRF paid us $5.0 million in November 2006. An additional $5.0 million was due to us if net revenues during the fiscal year 2006 equaled or exceeded $25.0 million. This milestone was met and the receivable was reflected in our December 31, 2006 financial statements. Under the terms of the amendment, we repaid PRF $5.0 million on December 1, 2009 and an additional $5.0 million on December 1, 2010 since the net revenues milestone was met.

Under the agreement and the amendment, PRF is entitled to the following portion of Zanaflex net revenues:

•

with respect to Zanaflex net revenues up to and including $30.0 million for each fiscal year during the term of the agreement, 15% of such net revenues;

•

with respect to Zanaflex net revenues in excess of $30.0 million but less than and including $60.0 million for each fiscal year during the term of the agreement, 6% of such net revenues; and

•

with respect to Zanaflex net revenues in excess of $60.0 million for each fiscal year during the term of the agreement, 1% of such net revenues.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, once PRF has received and retained payments under the agreement that are at least 2.1 times the aggregate amount PRF has paid us under the agreement, PRF will only be entitled to 1% of Zanaflex net revenues. In connection with the transaction, we recorded a liability as of June 30, 2014, referred to as the revenue interest liability, of approximately $483,000. We impute interest expense associated with this liability using the effective interest rate method and record a corresponding accrued interest liability. The effective interest rate is calculated based on the rate that would enable the debt to be repaid in full over the life of the arrangement. The interest rate on this liability may vary during the term of the agreement depending on a number of factors, including the level of Zanaflex sales. We currently estimate that the imputed interest rate associated with this liability will be approximately 5.7%. Payments made to PRF as a result of Zanaflex sales levels will reduce the accrued interest liability and the principal amount of the revenue interest liability.

Upon the occurrence of certain events, including if we experience a change of control, undergo certain bankruptcy events, transfer any of our interests in Zanaflex (other than pursuant to a license agreement, development, commercialization, co-promotion, collaboration, partnering or similar agreement), transfer all or substantially all of our assets, or breach certain of the covenants, representations or warranties we make under the agreement, PRF may (i) require us to repurchase the rights we sold them at the “put/call price” in effect on the date such right is exercised or (ii) foreclose on the Zanaflex assets that secure our obligations to PRF. Except in the case of certain bankruptcy events, if PRF exercises its right, which we refer to as PRF’s put option, to cause us to repurchase the rights we assigned to it, PRF may not foreclose unless we fail to pay the put/call price as required. If we experience a change of control we have the right, which we refer to as our call option, to

repurchase the rights we sold to PRF at the “put/call price” in effect on the date such right is exercised. The put/call price on a given date is the greater of (i) all payments made by PRF to us as of such date, less all payments received by PRF from us as of such date, and (ii) an amount that would generate an internal rate of return to PRF of 25% on all payments made by PRF to us as of such date, taking into account the amount and timing of all payments received by PRF from us as of such date. We have determined that PRF’s put option and our call option meet the criteria to be considered an embedded derivative and should be accounted for as such. Therefore, we recorded a net liability of $167,000 as of June 30, 2014 related to the put/call option to reflect its current estimated fair value. This liability is revalued on an as needed basis to reflect any changes in the fair value and any gain or loss resulting from the revaluation is recorded in earnings.

During any period during which PRF has the right to receive 15% of Zanaflex net revenues (as defined in the agreement), then 8% of the first $30.0 million in payments from Zanaflex sales we receive from wholesalers will be distributed to PRF on a daily basis. Following the end of each fiscal quarter, if the aggregate amount actually received by PRF during such quarter exceeds the amount of net revenues PRF was entitled to receive, PRF will remit such excess to us. If the amount of net revenues PRF was entitled to receive during such quarter exceeds the aggregate amount actually received by PRF during such quarter, we will remit such excess to PRF.

On August 3, 2012, we received a letter from PRF alleging that we breached specified covenants and representations in the PRF agreement and purporting to exercise the put option. The letter also includes an allegation that PRF has suffered injuries beyond what is covered by their purported exercise of the put option, although it does not specify or quantify those injuries. We believe that the allegations are without merit and that the put option has not been validly exercised. Although the letter from PRF does not include a purported calculation of the put option price, if it were validly exercised, we estimate that the incremental cost to the Company in excess of amounts already accrued to PRF at June 30, 2014 would be no more than approximately $1.7 million.

Convertible Senior Notes

The Notes are governed by the terms of an indenture, dated as of June 23, 2014 (the “Base Indenture”) and the first supplemental indenture, dated as of June 23, 2014 (the “Supplemental Indenture,” and together with the Base Indenture, the Indenture), each between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The Notes will be convertible into cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election, based on an initial conversion rate, subject to adjustment, of 23.4968 shares per $1,000 principal amount of Notes (which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $42.56 per share), only in the following circumstances and to the following extent: (1) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (2) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2014 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (3) if the Company calls any or all of the Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; (4) upon the occurrence of specified events described in the Indenture; and (5) at any time on or after December 15, 2020 through the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date.

of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

Our outstanding note balances as of June 30, 2014 consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	June 30, 2014
Liability component:
Principal	$	345,000
Less: debt discount, net	(61,052		)
Net carrying amount	$	283,948
Equity component	$	61,195

Investment Activities

At June 30, 2014, cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments were approximately $727.7 million, as compared to $367.2 million at December 31, 2013. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at date of purchase and consist of time deposits and investments in a Treasury money market fund and US Treasury bonds. Also, we maintain cash balances with financial institutions in excess of insured limits. We do not anticipate any losses with respect to such cash balances. As of June 30, 2014, our cash and cash equivalents were $274.6 million, as compared to $48.0 million as of December 31, 2013. The increase in cash and cash equivalents is primarily due to cash received from issuance of the convertible senior notes in June 2014. Our short-term investments consist of US Treasury bonds with original maturities greater than three months and less than one year. The balance of these

investments was $331.3 million as of June 30, 2014, as compared to $225.9 million as of December 31, 2013. The increase in short-term investments is also attributable to cash received from issuance of the convertible senior notes which was subsequently invested. Our long-term investments consist of US Treasury bonds with original maturities greater than one year. The balance of these investments was $121.9 million as of June 30, 2014, as compared to $93.3 million as of December 31, 2013.

Net Cash Provided by Operations

Net cash provided by operations was $23.0 million for the six-month period ending June 30, 2014, as compared to $653,000 for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013. Cash provided by operations for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 was primarily due to a non-cash share-based compensation expense of $13.4 million, a deferred tax provision of $8.9 million, net income of $5.4 million principally resulting from an increase in net product revenues, depreciation and amortization of $3.6 million, and amortization of net premiums and discounts on investments of $1.5 million. Cash provided by operations was partially offset by a net decrease in working capital items of $5.7 million attributable to an increase in inventory held by the company and a decrease in Zanaflex deferred product revenue due to product returns, as well as a decrease of $4.5 million in the non-current portion of deferred license revenue.

Cash provided by operations for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013 was primarily due to a decrease in working capital items of $15.4 million attributable to an increase in inventory held by the company and payment of accrued and prepaid items partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable. Cash provided by operations was also attributable to a decrease in non-current portion of deferred license revenue of $4.5 million. Cash provided by operations was partially offset by non-cash share-based compensation expense of $11.5 million, depreciation and amortization of $2.9 million, net income of $2.8 million, a deferred tax provision of $2.3 million, and amortization of net premiums and discounts on investments of $1.2 million.

Net Cash Used in Investing

Net cash used in investing activities for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 was $138.0 million, primarily due to $263.8 million in purchases of investments, purchases of property and equipment of $1.4 million, and purchases of intangible assets of $1.3 million, partially offset by $128.5 million in proceeds from maturities and sales of investments.

Net Cash Provided by Financing

Net cash provided by financing activities for the six-month period ended June 30, 2014 was $341.6 million, due to $337.6 million in net proceeds from the issuance of the convertible senior notes as well as $4.4 million in net proceeds from the issuance of common stock and exercise of stock options, partially offset by $360,000 in repayments to PRF.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

A summary of our minimum contractual obligations related to our major outstanding contractual commitments is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. Our long-term contractual obligations include commitments and estimated purchase obligations entered into in the normal course of business. Under certain supply agreements and other agreements with manufacturers and suppliers, we are required to make payments for the manufacture and supply of our clinical and approved products. During the six-month period ended June 30, 2014, commitments related to the purchase of inventory increased as compared to December 31, 2013. As of June 30, 2014, we have inventory-related purchase commitments totaling approximately $24.7 million.

In May 2014, we exercised our option to lease an additional 25,405 square feet of office space in Ardsley, New York under our current lease agreement with our landlord. We anticipate that our rent obligation for this expansion space will commence in 2015, subject to completion of certain improvements by the landlord. This increased rent will increase our total payments due under operating leases by $2.5 million in total over the 5-year periods disclosed in the contractual obligations and commitments table in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013.

In June 2014, we issued $345 million aggregate principal amount of 1.75% Convertible Senior Notes (the “Notes”), which aggregate principal amount includes the exercise of the underwriter’s over-allotment option. The Notes bear interest at the rate of 1.75% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears in cash on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2014. The Notes are due on June 15, 2021, although they can be converted into cash and shares of our common stock prior to maturity if certain conditions are met. If we undergo a “fundamental change” (as defined in the

Indenture for the Notes), subject to certain conditions, Notes holders may require us to repurchase, for cash, all or part of their Notes. See Note 8 in our financial statements – “Convertible Senior Notes”.. Under certain agreements, we are required to pay royalties for the use of technologies and products in our R&D activities and in the commercialization of products. The amount and timing of any of the foregoing payments are not known due to the uncertainty surrounding the successful research, development and commercialization of the products.

Under certain agreements, we are also required to pay license fees and milestones for the use of technologies and products in our R&D activities and in the commercialization of products. As of June 30, 2014, we have committed to make potential future milestone payments to third parties of up to approximately $206 million as part of our various collaborations, including licensing and development programs. Payments under these agreements generally become due and payable only upon achievement of certain developmental, regulatory or commercial milestones. Because the achievement of these milestones had not occurred as of June 30, 2014, such contingencies have not been recorded in our financial statements. Amounts related to contingent milestone payments are not considered contractual obligations as they are contingent on the successful achievement of certain development, regulatory and commercial milestones. There is uncertainty regarding the various activities and outcomes needed to reach these milestones, and they may not be achieved.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our critical accounting policies are detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013. As of June 30, 2014, our critical accounting policies have not changed materially from December 31, 2013.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our financial instruments consist of cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments, grants receivable, convertible notes payable, accounts payable, and put/call liability. The estimated fair values of all of our financial instruments approximate their carrying amounts at June 30, 2014.

We have cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments at June 30, 2014, which are exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and our interest income fluctuates as our interest rates change. Due to the nature of our investments in money market funds and US Treasury bonds, the carrying value of our cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments approximate their fair value at June 30, 2014. Our investments designated as long-term as of June 30, 2014 had maturity dates no later than October 15, 2015. At June 30, 2014, we held $727.7 million in cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments which had an average interest rate of approximately 0.2%.

We maintain an investment portfolio in accordance with our investment policy. The primary objectives of our investment policy are to preserve principal, maintain proper liquidity and to meet operating needs. Although our investments are subject to credit risk, our investment policy specifies credit quality standards for our investments and limits the amount of credit exposure from any single issue, issuer or type of investment. Our investments are also subject to interest rate risk and will decrease in value if market interest rates increase. However, due to the conservative nature of our investments and relatively short duration, interest rate risk is mitigated. We do not own derivative financial instruments. Accordingly, we do not believe that there is any material market risk exposure with respect to derivative or other financial instruments.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the second quarter of 2014, the period covered by this report. This evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer. Based on that evaluation, these officers have concluded that, as of June 30, 2014, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to achieve their stated purpose.

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules, regulations, and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our

reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

Change in internal control over financial reporting

In connection with the evaluation required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(d), our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, concluded that there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2014, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on the effectiveness of controls

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of our disclosure control system are met. Because of inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, if any, within a company have been detected.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In August 2007, we received a Paragraph IV Certification Notice from Apotex Inc., advising that it had submitted an Abbreviated New Drug Application, or ANDA, to the FDA seeking marketing approval for generic versions of Zanaflex Capsules. In response to the filing of the ANDA, in October 2007, we filed a lawsuit against Apotex in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey asserting infringement of our U.S. Patent No. 6,455,557. In September 2011, the Court ruled against us and, following our appeal, in June 2012 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit affirmed the decision. We did not seek any further appeal of the decision. On September 6, 2011, we filed a citizen petition with the FDA requesting that the FDA not approve Apotex’s ANDA because of public-safety concerns about Apotex’s proposed drug. On December 2, 2011, Apotex filed suit against us in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. In that suit, Apotex alleged, among other claims, that we engaged in anticompetitive behavior and false advertising in connection with the development and marketing of Zanaflex Capsules, including that the citizen petition we filed with the FDA delayed FDA approval of Apotex’s generic tizanidine capsules. On January 26, 2012, we moved to dismiss or stay Apotex’s suit. On February 3, 2012, the FDA denied the citizen petition that we filed and approved Apotex’s ANDA for a generic version of Zanaflex Capsules. On February 21, 2012, Apotex filed an amended complaint that incorporated the FDA action, but otherwise made allegations similar to the original complaint. Requested judicial remedies include monetary damages, disgorgement of profits, recovery of litigation costs, and injunctive relief. Following our filing of a motion to dismiss the amended complaint, in 2013 the Court dismissed five of the six counts in the amended complaint, including all of the antitrust claims, leaving only a claim under the Lanham Act relating to alleged product promotional activities. The case is now proceeding, and the Company will defend itself vigorously in the litigation.

In June and July of 2014, we received eight separate Paragraph IV Certification Notices from Accord Healthcare, Inc., Actavis FL, Inc., Alkem Laboratories Ltd., Apotex, Inc., Aurobindo Pharma Ltd., Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Roxane Laboratories, Inc., and Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., advising that each of these companies had submitted an ANDA to the FDA seeking marketing approval for generic versions of Ampyra (dalfampridine) Extended Release Tablets, 10 mg. The ANDA filers have challenged the validity of our Orange Book-listed patents for Ampyra, and they have also asserted that generic versions of their products do not infringe certain claims of these patents. In response to the filing of these ANDAs, in July 2014, we filed several lawsuits against these generic pharmaceutical manufacturing companies in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware asserting infringement of our U.S. Patent Nos. 5,540,938, 8,007,826, 8,354,437, 8,440,703, and 8,663,685. Requested judicial remedies include recovery of litigation costs and injunctive relief, including a request that the effective date of any FDA approval for these generic companies to make, use, offer for sale, sell, market, distribute, or import the proposed generic products be no earlier than the dates on which the Ampyra Orange-book listed patents expire, or any later expiration of exclusivity to which we are or become entitled.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A Risk Factors, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, all of which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. These risks are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. Following is the restated text of certain risk factors, and additional risk factors, to report changes that have occurred since our publication of risk factors in our 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The pharmaceutical industry is subject to stringent regulation and failure to obtain regulatory approval will prevent commercialization of our product candidates and, if we do not comply with FDA regulations if we obtain regulatory approval, approved products could be withdrawn from the market.

Our research, development, preclinical and clinical trial activities, as well as the manufacture and marketing of any products that we may successfully develop, are subject to an extensive regulatory approval process by the FDA and other regulatory agencies abroad. The process of obtaining required regulatory approvals for drugs is lengthy, expensive and uncertain. Any regulatory approvals may contain limitations on the indicated usage of a drug or distribution restrictions, or may be conditioned on burdensome post-approval study or other requirements, including the requirement that we institute and follow a special risk management plan to monitor and manage potential safety issues, all of which may eliminate or reduce the drug's market potential. Additional adverse events that could impact commercial success, or even continued regulatory approval, might emerge with more extensive post-approval patient use. Post-market evaluation of a product could

result in marketing restrictions or withdrawal from the market. In order to conduct clinical trials to obtain FDA approval to commercialize any product candidate, an investigational new drug, or IND, application must first be submitted to the FDA and must become effective before clinical trials may begin. Subsequently, if the product candidate is regulated as a drug, a new drug application, or NDA, must be submitted to the FDA and approved before commercial marketing may begin. The NDA must include the results of adequate and well-controlled clinical trials demonstrating, among other things, that the product candidate is safe and effective for use in humans for each target indication. If the product candidate, such as an antibody, is regulated as a biologic, a biologic application, or BLA, must be submitted and approved before commercial marketing may begin. Of the large number of drugs in development, only a small percentage result in the submission of an NDA or BLA to the FDA, and even fewer are approved for commercialization. In addition, the manufacturing facilities used to produce the products must comply with current good manufacturing practices, or cGMPs, and must pass a pre-approval FDA inspection. Extensive submissions of preclinical and clinical trial data are required to demonstrate the safety, efficacy, potency and purity for each intended use. The FDA may refuse to accept our regulatory submissions for filing if they are incomplete.

Clinical trials are subject to oversight by institutional review boards, data safety monitoring boards, and the FDA to ensure compliance with the FDA's good clinical practice requirements, as well as other requirements for the protection of clinical trial participants. We depend, in part, on third-party laboratories and medical institutions to conduct preclinical studies and clinical trials for our products and other third-party organizations to perform data collection and analysis, all of which must maintain both good laboratory and good clinical practices required by regulators. If any of those standards are not complied with in a clinical trial, the resulting data from the clinical trial may not be usable or we, an institutional review board or the FDA may suspend or terminate a trial, which would severely delay our development and possibly end the development of the product candidate.

In addition, we are subject to regulation under other state and federal laws, including requirements regarding occupational safety, laboratory practices, environmental protection and hazardous substance control, and we may be subject to other local, state, federal and foreign regulations. We cannot predict the impact of those regulations on us, although they could impose significant restrictions on our business and we may have to incur additional expenses to comply with them.

We also are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and other regulatory bodies related to other regulatory requirements that apply to drugs manufactured or distributed by us. If we receive a notice of inspectional observations or deficiencies from the FDA, we may be required to undertake corrective and preventive actions in order to address the FDA's concerns, which could be expensive and time-consuming to complete and could impose additional burdens and expenses. Failure to adequately address the FDA’s concerns could expose us to enforcement and administrative actions.

For example, the FDA conducted two inspections beginning in July 2011. The first inspection focused on our risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, or REMS (which we are no longer subject to), and the second inspection focused on our adverse event reporting system. The REMS inspection resulted in verbal comments pertaining to formalization of procedures and enhanced quality assurance responsibilities. The adverse event reporting inspection resulted in a September 2011 FDA Form 483 focused primarily on timeliness of reporting, formalization and enhancement of certain procedures and processes, communication of Ampyra post-marketing commitments, and Acorda access to source documentation. Acorda provided the FDA with formal responses to the inspectional observations as well as to the verbal comments and commenced the process of implementing specific actions to address the FDA’s concerns and enhance our overall pharmacovigilance process. However, in May 2012 the FDA issued a written warning letter based on some of the issues identified in the 2011 inspections. The FDA warning letter identified some of the FDA’s observations as repeat observations from prior FDA inspections. We responded to the warning letter, advising the FDA of the corrective actions we are taking to address all of the matters covered in the warning letter.

The FDA also conducted two inspections in December 2012 through January 2013. The first inspection focused on Ampyra REMS adherence and resulted in the issuance of an FDA Form 483 with one written observation and six verbal comments. The written observation described a lack of timely distribution of REMS required letters to prescribers and pharmacists. The verbal comments pertained to verification and document control processes for REMS required letters, process control for creation and distribution of these letters and the medication guide, and the timing of prescriber surveys in relation to mailing of letters to the prescribers. The second inspection focused on adverse event reporting and was a follow-up to our responses to the 2011 FDA Form 483 and warning letter. This inspection resulted in an FDA Form 483 with six written observations and three verbal comments. The written observations noted late adverse event reporting, one late quarterly Periodic Adverse Experience Report, or PADER, and one late field alert. The FDA also noted that certain solicited adverse events were not reported in our PADERS and there was a lack of consistent adherence to procedures for timely case follow-up and investigations. The verbal comments covered the completeness and timeliness of investigations as well as need

for further clarification of an existing procedure. We have responded to the Form 483s and oral comments, and have taken the necessary corrective actions. Most recently, the FDA conducted a routine inspection in December 2013. This inspection focused on Quality Unit procedures, especially those related to handling of product complaints and field alerts as well as on adverse event reporting. An FDA Form 483 was issued with two findings. The first Form 483 finding pertained to late adverse event reporting and the second finding pertained to lack of sufficient investigation of Ampyra “lack of effect” complaint trends. We have responded to the Form 483, and intend to take or have taken necessary corrective actions. We continue to monitor and enhance our adverse event and product complaint reporting systems to ensure continued adherence to regulatory requirements. However, the FDA may decide that our responses and corrective actions are not adequate, or may conclude that we have not demonstrated adequate control over our current processes, and could take action against us, without further notice. Action by the FDA against us could require us to take further corrective actions or even that we stop marketing Ampyra and/or result in monetary fines, and any of such actions by the FDA could harm our business.

In addition, our third-party suppliers’ drug product manufacturing sites are subject to inspection by the FDA. Some of these sites have been inspected by the FDA and could be inspected by the FDA in the future. If the FDA inspects the process validation efforts and manufacturing process at these sites, the FDA might find what it considers to be deficiencies in the manufacturing process or process validation efforts, which could negatively impact the availability of product supply or, in the case of a potential new product, delay or prevent commercial launch of that product. For example, although we have not yet contracted with the manufacturer of Plumiaz, we have named a potential manufacturer in the NDA that has limited experience with FDA inspections and no prior experience with commercial manufacturing. Although this manufacturer has undergone an FDA pre-approval inspection and no FDA 483 was issued, the FDA has not inspected the commercial manufacturing process. If serious concerns are identified during the manufacturing process inspection, this could delay the launch of Plumiaz, if it is approved, which could harm our business.

We and our third-party suppliers are generally required to maintain compliance with cGMPs and are subject to inspections by the FDA or comparable agencies in other jurisdictions to confirm such compliance. In addition, the FDA must approve certain changes to our suppliers or manufacturing methods. If we or our third-party suppliers cannot demonstrate ongoing cGMP compliance, we may be required to withdraw or recall product and interrupt commercial supply of our products. Any delay, interruption or other issues that arise in the manufacture, fill-finish, packaging, or storage of our products as a result of a failure of our facilities or the facilities or operations of our third-party suppliers, to pass regulatory agency inspection could significantly impair our ability to develop and commercialize our products. Significant noncompliance could also result in the imposition of monetary penalties or other civil or criminal sanctions. Non-compliance could increase our costs, cause us to lose revenue, and damage our reputation.

Even if our suppliers or manufacturing methods are in compliance with applicable requirements, we may encounter problems with the manufacture of our products. To investigate and/or resolve these problems, we may be required to withdraw or recall product and interrupt commercial supply of our products. These events could increase our costs, cause us to lose revenue, and damage our reputation. We are required to submit field alert reports to the FDA if we learn of certain reported problems with our products, and we are required to investigate the causes of the reported problems. We filed several field alerts in 2011 related to two reports of empty Zanaflex Capsules, two reports of empty Ampyra bottles and two incidents related to Ampyra bottle labels. Most recently, we filed a field alert related to a report of two empty bottles of Ampyra in a single shipment of three bottles. We are seeking to identify the issues contributing to this field alert. This field alert, or similar issues identified in the future, could lead to product recalls and interruption of supplies, which in turn could harm our business.

If we cannot protect, maintain and, if necessary, enforce our intellectual property, our ability to develop and commercialize our products will be severely limited.

Our success will depend in part on our and our licensors' ability to obtain, maintain and enforce patent and trademark protection for the technologies, compounds and products, if any, resulting from our licenses and research and development programs. Without protection for the intellectual property we use or intend to use, other companies could offer substantially identical products for sale without incurring the sizable discovery, research, development and licensing costs that we have incurred. Our ability to recover these expenditures and realize profits upon the sale of products could be diminished.

We have patent portfolios relating to Ampyra/aminopyridines, GGF2/neuregulins, remyelinating antibodies/antibodies relating to nervous system disorders, chondroitinase, AC105/PEG-Mg, Plumiaz/diazepam nasal spray), Qutenza and NP-1998/topical capsaicin formulations, comprised of both our own and in-licensed patents and patent applications. Our intellectual property also includes copyrights, confidential and trade secret information and a portfolio of

trademarks. The process of obtaining patents and trademarks can be time consuming and expensive with no certainty of success. Even if we spend the necessary time and money, a patent or trademark may not issue, it may not issue in a timely manner, or it may not have sufficient scope or strength to protect the technology it was intended to protect or to provide us with any commercial advantage. We may never be certain that we were the first to develop the technology or that we were the first to file a patent application for the particular technology because patent applications are confidential until they are published, and publications in the scientific or patent literature lag behind actual discoveries. The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights will remain uncertain if our pending patent applications are not allowed or issued for any reason or if we are unable to develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable. Furthermore, third parties may independently develop similar or alternative technologies, duplicate some or all of our technologies, design around our patented technologies or challenge our issued patents or trademarks or the patents or trademarks of our licensors. For example, several generic drug manufacturers have already filed Abbreviated New Drug Applications, or ANDAs, for generic versions of Ampyra with the FDA. In filing these ANDAs for Ampyra, the generic drug manufacturers have challenged all of the Orange Book-listed patents that protect the Ampyra franchise. As such, to protect our intellectual property rights we have initiated legal proceedings asserting the challenged Orange Book-listed patents against these generic drug manufacturers. Patent litigation involves complex legal and factual questions. We may need to devote significant resources to such legal proceedings, and if we are not successful our business could be materially harmed. We can provide no assurance concerning the duration or the outcome of any such patent related lawsuits.

We may initiate actions to protect our intellectual property (including, for example, in connection with the filing of an ANDA as described above) and in any litigation in which our intellectual property or our licensors' intellectual property is asserted, a court may determine that the intellectual property is invalid or unenforceable. Even if the validity or enforceability of that intellectual property is upheld by a court, a court may not prevent alleged infringement on the grounds that such activity is not covered by, for example, the patent claims. In addition, effective intellectual property enforcement may be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries for a variety of legal and public policy reasons. From time to time we may receive notices from third parties alleging infringement of their intellectual property rights. Any litigation, whether to enforce our rights to use our or our licensors' patents or to defend against allegations that we infringe third party rights, would be costly, time consuming, and may distract management from other important tasks.

As is commonplace in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry, we employ individuals who were previously employed at other biotechnology or pharmaceutical companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. To the extent our employees are involved in areas that are similar to those areas in which they were involved at their former employers, we may be subject to claims that such employees and/or we have inadvertently or otherwise used or disclosed the alleged trade secrets or other proprietary information of the former employers. Litigation may be necessary to defend against such claims, which could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management and which could have an adverse effect on us, even if we are successful in defending such claims.

We also rely in our business on trade secrets, know-how and other proprietary information. We seek to protect this information, in part, through the use of confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants, collaborators, advisors and others. Nonetheless, those agreements may not provide adequate protection for our trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information and prevent their unauthorized use or disclosure. To the extent that consultants, collaborators, key employees or other third parties apply technological information independently developed by them or by others to our proposed products, joint ownership may result, which could undermine the value of the intellectual property to us or disputes may arise as to the proprietary rights to such information which may not be resolved in our favor. The risk that other parties may breach confidentiality agreements or that our trade secrets become known or independently discovered by competitors, could harm us by enabling our competitors, who may have greater experience and financial resources, to copy or use our trade secrets and other proprietary information in the advancement of their products, methods or technologies. Policing unauthorized use of our or our licensors' intellectual property is difficult, expensive and time-consuming, and we may be unable to determine the extent of any unauthorized use. Adequate remedies may not exist in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure.

Servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our substantial debt.

Our ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance our indebtedness, including our convertible senior notes, depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service our debt and make necessary capital expenditures. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity

capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on our debt obligations.

We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of our convertible senior notes or to repurchase the notes upon a fundamental change.

Holders of our convertible senior notes will have the right to require us to repurchase their notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In addition, upon conversion of the notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our common stock to settle such conversion (other than paying cash in lieu of delivering any fractional share), we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the notes being converted. However, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to make repurchases of notes surrendered therefor or notes being converted. In addition, our ability to repurchase the notes or to pay cash upon conversion of the notes may be limited by law, by regulatory authority or by agreements governing our future indebtedness. Our failure to repurchase notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the indenture pursuant to which the notes were issued, or to pay any cash payable on future conversions of the notes as required by the indenture, would constitute a default under the indenture.

The conditional conversion feature of our convertible senior notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results. In addition, if our notes are converted into common stock, you may experience significant dilution.

Our convertible senior notes are only convertible, prior to December 15, 2020, in certain limited circumstances. This conditional conversion feature may not be effective in delaying conversion of our notes. In the event that the conditional conversion feature of our convertible senior notes is triggered, holders of notes will be entitled to convert the notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their notes, we may elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock, solely cash, or a combination of cash and common stock. If we elect to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, our liquidity and financial position could be adversely affected. If we elect to settle all or a portion of our conversion obligation in common stock, our stockholders could experience significant dilution. In addition, even if holders do not elect to convert their notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.		Description
1.1		Underwriting Agreement dated June 17, 2014. Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2014 (filed under the Company’s SEC File Number 000-50513).
4.1		Indenture dated June 23, 2014. Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2014 (filed under the Company’s SEC File Number 000-50513).
4.2		First Supplemental Indenture dated June 23, 2014. Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2014 (filed under the Company’s SEC File Number 000-50513).
4.3		Form of 1.75% Convertible Senior Note due 2021 (included in Exhibit 4.2). Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2014 (filed under the Company’s SEC File Number 000-50513).
10.1*		Employment offer letter, dated May 4, 2014, by and between the Registrant and Andrew Hindman.
10.2**		Supply Agreement, dated as of June 30 2009, between Biogen Idec International GmbH (“Biogen”) and the Registrant (as subsequently amended by (i) Addendum #1 to the Collaboration and License Agreement and Supply Agreement, dated as of May 21, 2010, between Biogen and the Registrant, (ii) Amendment #1 to Addendum #1, dated as of May 16, 2011, and (iii) Addendum #2 to the Supply Agreement, dated as of August 28, 2010, between Biogen and the Registrant).
31.1		Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2		Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1		Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2		Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS***		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

** Portions of this exhibit were redacted pursuant to a confidential treatment request filed with the Secretary of the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

*** In accordance with Regulation S-T, the XBRL-related information in Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q shall be deemed to be “furnished” and not “filed.”

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Acorda Therapeutics, Inc.
	By:	/s/ Ron Cohen
Date: August 7, 2014		Ron Cohen, M.D. President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)


	By:	/s/ Michael Rogers
Date: August 7, 2014		Michael Rogers Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit Index

Exhibit No.		Description
10.1*		Employment offer letter, dated May 4, 2014, by and between the Registrant and Andrew Hindman.
10.2**		Supply Agreement, dated as of June 30 2009, between Biogen Idec International GmbH (“Biogen”) and the Registrant (as subsequently amended by (i) Addendum #1 to the Collaboration and License Agreement and Supply Agreement, dated as of May 21, 2010, between Biogen and the Registrant, (ii) Amendment #1 to Addendum #1, dated as of May 16, 2011, and (iii) Addendum #2 to the Supply Agreement, dated as of August 28, 2010, between Biogen and the Registrant).
31.1		Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2		Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1		Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2		Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS***		XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE***		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

*** In accordance with Regulation S-T, the XBRL-related information in Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q shall be deemed to be “furnished” and not “filed.”