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ALERUS FINANCIAL CORP - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 001-39036

ALERUS FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

45-0375407

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

organization)

401 Demers Avenue

Grand Forks, ND

58201

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(701) 795-3200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

    

Trading symbol

    

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share

ALRS

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes   No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer 

Accelerated filer 

Non-accelerated filer 

Smaller reporting company 

Emerging growth company 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes   No 

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding at October 31, 2022 was 19,987,274.

Table of Contents

Alerus Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Table of Contents

Page

Part 1:

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Consolidated Financial Statements

1

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021

1

Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

2

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

3

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

4

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021

6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

8

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

39

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

61

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

63

Part 2:

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

64

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

64

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

64

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

65

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

65

Item 5.

Other Information

65

Item 6.

Exhibits

66

Signatures

67

Table of Contents

PART 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 - Consolidated Financial Statements

Alerus Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

    

September 30, 

    

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

    

2022

    

2021

Assets

 

(Unaudited)

 

(Audited)

Cash and cash equivalents

$

54,167

$

242,311

Investment securities

 

  

 

  

Available-for-sale, at fair value

 

729,110

 

853,649

Held-to-maturity, at carrying value

 

326,410

 

352,061

Fed funds sold

14,124

 

Loans held for sale

 

26,129

 

46,490

Loans

 

2,318,231

 

1,758,020

Allowance for loan losses

 

(30,968)

 

(31,572)

Net loans

 

2,287,263

 

1,726,448

Land, premises and equipment, net

 

17,067

 

18,370

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 

3,481

 

3,727

Accrued interest receivable

 

11,256

 

8,537

Bank-owned life insurance

 

33,777

 

33,156

Goodwill

 

46,060

 

31,490

Other intangible assets

 

23,779

 

20,250

Servicing rights

 

2,780

 

1,880

Deferred income taxes, net

 

45,889

 

11,614

Other assets

 

69,961

 

42,708

Total assets

$

3,691,253

$

3,392,691

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

 

  

 

  

Deposits

 

  

 

  

Noninterest-bearing

$

905,228

$

938,840

Interest-bearing

 

2,056,583

 

1,981,711

Total deposits

 

2,961,811

 

2,920,551

Short-term borrowings

 

253,830

 

Long-term debt

 

58,836

 

58,933

Operating lease liabilities

 

3,802

 

4,275

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

 

68,135

 

49,529

Total liabilities

 

3,346,414

 

3,033,288

Stockholders’ equity

 

  

 

  

Preferred stock, $1 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized: 0 issued and outstanding

Common stock, $1 par value, 30,000,000 shares authorized: 19,987,274 and 17,212,588 issued and outstanding

 

19,987

 

17,213

Additional paid-in capital

 

154,629

 

92,878

Retained earnings

 

273,132

 

253,567

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

 

(102,909)

 

(4,255)

Total stockholders’ equity

 

344,839

 

359,403

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

3,691,253

$

3,392,691

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited)

1

Table of Contents

Alerus Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

Interest Income

Loans, including fees

$

25,379

$

18,888

$

60,659

$

58,779

Investment securities

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Taxable

 

5,939

 

3,249

 

17,447

 

8,547

Exempt from federal income taxes

 

209

 

225

 

638

 

694

Other

 

748

 

185

 

1,021

 

432

Total interest income

 

32,275

 

22,547

79,765

 

68,452

Interest Expense

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Deposits

 

1,852

 

880

 

3,494

 

2,781

Short-term borrowings

 

1,516

 

 

1,794

 

Long-term debt

 

591

 

535

 

1,712

 

1,361

Total interest expense

 

3,959

 

1,415

 

7,000

 

4,142

Net interest income

 

28,316

 

21,132

 

72,765

 

64,310

Provision for loan losses

 

 

(2,000)

 

 

(2,000)

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

 

28,316

 

23,132

 

72,765

 

66,310

Noninterest Income

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Retirement and benefit services

 

16,597

 

18,031

 

50,536

 

53,157

Wealth management

 

4,852

 

5,295

 

15,726

 

15,419

Mortgage banking

 

3,782

 

11,116

 

14,751

 

40,535

Service charges on deposit accounts

 

377

 

357

 

1,152

 

1,025

Net gains (losses) on investment securities

 

 

11

 

 

125

Other

 

1,402

 

1,230

 

3,541

 

3,408

Total noninterest income

 

27,010

 

36,040

 

85,706

 

113,669

Noninterest Expense

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Compensation

 

21,168

 

23,291

 

61,467

 

71,298

Employee taxes and benefits

 

5,079

 

5,058

 

17,028

 

16,443

Occupancy and equipment expense

 

1,925

 

2,063

 

5,713

 

6,212

Business services, software and technology expense

 

5,373

 

5,332

 

15,082

 

15,266

Intangible amortization expense

 

1,324

 

1,088

 

3,430

 

3,327

Professional fees and assessments

 

3,126

 

1,503

 

6,913

 

4,484

Marketing and business development

 

890

 

865

 

2,304

 

2,310

Supplies and postage

 

588

 

549

 

1,806

 

1,583

Travel

 

291

 

174

 

826

 

236

Mortgage and lending expenses

 

409

 

1,231

 

1,577

 

3,762

Other

 

2,594

 

887

 

4,676

 

2,712

Total noninterest expense

 

42,767

 

42,041

 

120,822

 

127,633

Income before income taxes

 

12,559

 

17,131

 

37,649

 

52,346

Income tax expense

 

2,940

 

4,064

 

8,553

 

12,370

Net income

$

9,619

$

13,067

$

29,096

$

39,976

Per Common Share Data

Basic earnings per common share

$

0.48

$

0.75

$

1.58

$

2.29

Diluted earnings per common share

$

0.47

$

0.74

$

1.56

$

2.26

Dividends declared per common share

$

0.18

$

0.16

$

0.52

$

0.47

Average common shares outstanding

 

19,987

 

17,205

 

18,186

 

17,182

Diluted average common shares outstanding

 

20,230

 

17,499

 

18,431

 

17,488

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited)

2

Table of Contents

Alerus Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

Net Income

$

9,619

$

13,067

$

29,096

$

39,976

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities

 

(43,305)

 

(2,496)

 

(131,424)

 

(13,101)

Accretion of (gains) losses on debt securities reclassified to held-to-maturity

(91)

(106)

(290)

(221)

Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) realized in income

 

 

(11)

 

 

(125)

Total other comprehensive income (loss), before tax

 

(43,396)

 

(2,613)

 

(131,714)

 

(13,447)

Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income

 

(10,892)

 

(656)

 

(33,060)

 

(3,375)

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax

 

(32,504)

 

(1,957)

 

(98,654)

 

(10,072)

Total comprehensive income (loss)

$

(22,885)

$

11,110

$

(69,558)

$

29,904

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited)

3

Table of Contents

Alerus Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

Three months ended September 30, 2022

Accumulated

Additional

Other

Common

Paid-in

Retained

Comprehensive

(dollars and shares in thousands)

    

Stock

    

Capital

    

Earnings

    

Income (Loss)

    

Total

Balance as of June 30, 2022

$

17,306

$

93,129

$

267,128

$

(70,405)

$

307,158

Net income

 

 

 

9,619

 

 

9,619

Other comprehensive income (loss)

 

 

 

 

(32,504)

 

(32,504)

Common stock repurchased

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock dividends

 

 

 

(3,615)

 

 

(3,615)

Stock issuance from the acquisition of Metro Phoenix Bank

2,681

61,149

63,830

Stock-based compensation expense

 

 

351

 

 

 

351

Vesting of restricted stock

 

 

 

 

Balance as of September 30, 2022

$

19,987

$

154,629

$

273,132

$

(102,909)

$

344,839

Nine months ended September 30, 2022

Accumulated

Additional

Other

Common

Paid-in

Retained

Comprehensive

(dollars in thousands)

    

Stock

    

Capital

    

Earnings

    

Income (Loss)

    

Total

Balance as of December 31, 2021

$

17,213

$

92,878

$

253,567

$

(4,255)

$

359,403

Net income

 

 

 

29,096

 

 

29,096

Other comprehensive income (loss)

 

 

 

 

(98,654)

 

(98,654)

Common stock repurchased

 

(24)

 

(673)

 

 

 

(697)

Common stock dividends

 

 

 

(9,531)

 

 

(9,531)

Stock issuance from the acquisition of Metro Phoenix Bank

2,681

61,149

63,830

Share‑based compensation expense

 

10

 

1,382

 

 

 

1,392

Vesting of restricted stock

 

107

 

(107)

 

 

 

Balance as of September 30, 2022

$

19,987

$

154,629

$

273,132

$

(102,909)

$

344,839

Three months ended September 30, 2021

Accumulated

Additional

Other

Common

Paid-in

Retained

Comprehensive

(dollars in thousands)

    

Stock

    

Capital

    

Earnings

    

Income (Loss)

    

Total

Balance as of June 30, 2021

$

17,198

$

91,273

$

233,397

$

2,523

$

344,391

Net income

 

 

 

13,067

 

 

13,067

Other comprehensive income (loss)

 

 

 

 

(1,957)

 

(1,957)

Common stock repurchased

 

(2)

 

(23)

 

(50)

 

 

(75)

Common stock dividends

 

 

 

(2,776)

 

 

(2,776)

Stock-based compensation expense

 

 

545

 

 

 

545

Vesting of restricted stock

 

12

 

(12)

 

 

 

Balance as of September 30, 2021

$

17,208

$

91,783

$

243,638

$

566

$

353,195

4

Table of Contents

Nine months ended September 30, 2021

Accumulated

Additional

Other

Common

Paid-in

Retained

Comprehensive

(dollars in thousands)

    

Stock

    

Capital

    

Earnings

    

Income (Loss)

    

Total

Balance as of December 31, 2020

$

17,125

$

90,237

$

212,163

$

10,638

$

330,163

Net income

 

 

 

39,976

 

 

39,976

Other comprehensive income (loss)

 

 

 

 

(10,072)

 

(10,072)

Common stock repurchased

 

(18)

 

(157)

 

(346)

 

 

(521)

Common stock dividends

 

 

 

(8,155)

 

 

(8,155)

Share‑based compensation expense

 

8

 

1,796

 

 

 

1,804

Vesting of restricted stock

 

93

 

(93)

 

 

 

Balance as of September 30, 2021

$

17,208

$

91,783

$

243,638

$

566

$

353,195

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited)

5

Table of Contents

Alerus Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

Nine months ended

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

Operating Activities

 

  

 

  

Net income

$

29,096

$

39,976

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided (used) by operating activities

 

  

 

  

Deferred income taxes

 

(1,215)

 

1,176

Provision for loan losses

 

 

(2,000)

Depreciation and amortization

 

6,116

 

6,726

Amortization and accretion of premiums/discounts on investment securities

 

2,778

 

2,506

Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets

(65)

(40)

Stock-based compensation

 

1,392

 

1,804

Increase in value of bank-owned life insurance

 

(621)

 

(591)

Realized loss (gain) on sale of fixed assets

(33)

 

(62)

Realized loss (gain) on derivative instruments

 

1,031

 

6,612

Realized loss (gain) on loans sold

 

(10,062)

 

(39,940)

Realized loss (gain) on sale of foreclosed assets

 

(9)

 

(203)

Realized loss (gain) on sale of investment securities

 

 

(125)

Realized loss (gain) on servicing rights

 

(683)

 

(369)

Net change in:

 

 

Loans held for sale

 

30,193

 

101,482

Accrued interest receivable

 

(1,628)

 

826

Other assets

 

(13,903)

 

(1,951)

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

 

12,348

 

1,913

Net cash provided (used) by operating activities

 

54,735

 

117,740

Investing Activities

 

  

 

  

Proceeds from sales or calls of investment securities available-for-sale

 

 

13,189

Proceeds from maturities of investment securities available-for-sale

 

88,417

 

91,240

Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale

 

(96,968)

 

(331,785)

Proceeds from sales or calls of investment securities held-to-maturity

827

1,763

Proceeds from maturities of investment securities held-to-maturity

23,422

2,681

Purchases of investment securities held-to-maturity

(218,443)

Net (increase) decrease in loans

 

(290,565)

 

177,675

Net cash received for business combinations

101,585

Purchases of premises and equipment

 

(1,081)

 

(845)

Proceeds from sales of foreclosed assets

 

143

 

539

Net cash provided (used) by investing activities

 

(174,220)

 

(263,986)

Financing Activities

 

  

 

  

Net increase (decrease) in deposits

 

(312,425)

 

141,095

Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings

 

253,830

 

Repayments of long-term debt

 

(182)

 

(49,861)

Proceeds from the issuance of subordinated debt

50,000

Cash dividends paid on common stock

 

(9,185)

 

(7,975)

Repurchase of common stock

 

(697)

 

(521)

Net cash provided (used) by financing activities

 

(68,659)

 

132,738

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

 

(188,144)

 

(13,508)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

 

242,311

 

172,962

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$

54,167

$

159,454

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited)

6

Table of Contents

Nine months ended

September 30, 

Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures

    

2022

    

2021

Cash paid for:

 

  

 

  

Interest

$

7,269

$

3,498

Income taxes

 

8,713

 

12,075

Non-cash information

 

  

 

  

Loan collateral transferred to foreclosed assets

 

153

 

1,135

Unrealized gain (loss) on investment securities available-for-sale

 

(98,364)

 

(9,851)

Accretion of unrealized (gain) loss on investment securities held-to-maturity

(290)

(221)

Investment securities transferred to held-to-maturity

149,191

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating leases

1,452

Acquisitions

Noncash assets acquired

297,667

Liabilities assumed

(354,358)

Issuance of stock for the acquisition of Metro Phoenix Bank

(64,019)

Net noncash acquired

(120,710)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited)

7

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Alerus Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

NOTE 1 Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

Alerus Financial Corporation, or the Company, is a financial holding company organized under the laws of the state of Delaware. The Company and its subsidiaries operate as a diversified financial services company headquartered in Grand Forks, North Dakota. Through its subsidiary, Alerus Financial, National Association, or the Bank, the Company provides financial solutions to businesses and consumers through four distinct business lines—banking, retirement and benefit services, wealth management, and mortgage.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and conform to practices within the banking industry and include all of the information and disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or GAAP, for interim financial reporting. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for a fair presentation of financial results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or any other period. The Company has also evaluated all subsequent events for potential recognition and disclosure through the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These interim unaudited financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. The Company’s principal operating subsidiary is the Bank.

In the normal course of business, the Company may enter into a transaction with a variable interest entity or VIE. VIE’s are legal entities whose investors lack the ability to make decisions about the entity’s activities, or whose equity investors do not have the right to receive the residual returns of the entity. The applicable accounting guidance requires the Company to perform ongoing quantitative and qualitative analysis to determine whether it must consolidate any VIE. The Company does not have any ownership interest in, or exert any control, over any VIE, and thus no VIE’s are included in the consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term include the valuation of investment securities, determination of the allowance for loan losses, valuation of reporting units for the purpose of testing goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment, valuation of deferred tax assets, and fair values of financial instruments.

8

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Reclassifications

Certain items previously reported have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s reporting format. Such reclassifications did not affect net income or stockholders’ equity.

Emerging Growth Company

The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, and may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. In addition, even if the Company complies with the greater obligations of public companies that are not emerging growth companies, the Company may avail itself of the reduced requirements applicable to emerging growth companies from time to time in the future, so long as the Company is an emerging growth company. The Company will continue to be an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of: (1) the end of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of common equity securities under the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, which was declared effective by the SEC on September 12, 2019; (2) the last day of the fiscal year in which the Company has $1.07 billion or more in annual revenues; (3) the date on which the Company is deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act; or (4) the date on which the Company has, during the previous three-year period, issued publicly or privately, more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities.

Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933 for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As an emerging growth company, the Company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period.

NOTE 2 Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The following FASB Accounting Standards Updates, or ASUs, are divided into pronouncements which have been adopted by the Company since January 1, 2022, and those which are not yet effective and have been evaluated or are currently being evaluated by management as of September 30, 2022.

Adopted Pronouncements

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which simplifies accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for the areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, for public business entities. For private companies and smaller reporting companies, this guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12, as of January 2022. The new guidance did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU requires a new impairment model known as the current expected credit loss, or CECL, which significantly changes the way impairment of financial instruments is recognized by requiring immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur over the remaining life of financial instruments. The main provisions of ASU 2016-13 include (1) replacing the “incurred cost” approach under

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GAAP with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost, (2) requiring entities to record an allowance for credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities rather than a direct write-down of the carrying amount of the investments, as is required by the other-than-temporary impairment model under current GAAP, and (3) a simplified accounting model for purchase credit-impaired debt securities and loans. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). This update amends the effective date of ASU No. 2016-13 for certain entities, including private companies and smaller reporting companies, until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal periods. Early adoption is permitted. As an emerging growth company, the Company can take advantage of this delay and plans to adopt the standard with the amended effective date. The Company does not plan to early adopt this standard but continues to work on its implementation. The Company continues collecting and retaining loan and credit data and evaluating various loss estimation models. While we currently cannot reasonably estimate the impact of adopting this standard, we expect the impact will be influenced by the composition, characteristics, and quality of our loan portfolio, as well as the general economic conditions and forecasts as of the adoption date. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures to provide resources to monitor and assist stakeholders with the implementation of Topic 326. Post-Implementation Review (PIR) activities have included forming a Credit Losses Transition Resource group conducting outreach with stakeholders of all types, developing educational materials and staff question-and-answer guidance, conducting education workshops and performing an archival review of financial reports. As we move forward with the implementation of this standard, we are reviewing these resources for additional guidance.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, which affects a variety of topics in the Codification and applies to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance. The Company will consider these clarifications and improvements in determining the appropriate adoption of ASU 2019-04.

In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, Targeted Transition Relief, to provide entities with an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option applied on an instrument-by-instrument basis for eligible instruments. In November 2019, the FASB Issued ASU 2019-10, which amends the effective date of this ASU for certain entities, including private companies and smaller reporting companies, until after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. As an emerging growth company, the Company can take advantage of this delay and plans to adopt the standard with the amended effective date. This update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-03, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments. This ASU represents changes to clarify or improve the Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, related to seven topics. The amendments make the ASC easier to understand and easier to apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. Issues 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are conforming amendments and for public business entities effective upon the issuance of the standard. Issues 6 and 7 are amendments that affect the guidance in ASU 2016-13. The Company will consider these clarifications and improvements in determining the appropriate adoption of ASU 2016-13.

NOTE 3 Business Combinations

On July 1, 2022, the Company acquired MPB BHC, Inc, the bank holding company for Metro Phoenix Bank located in Phoenix, Arizona, for a total purchase price of $64.0 million in a stock-for-stock transaction. As part of the transaction, $7.6 million was allocated to a customer deposit intangible and $14.7 million to goodwill. The purchase

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consisted of $270.4 million in loans and $353.7 million in deposits. The purchased assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their respective acquisition date estimate fair values indicated in the following table:

As recorded by

    

Preliminary Fair Value

As recorded by

(dollars in thousands)

    

Metro Phoenix Bank

 

Adjustments

    

the Company

Assets

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

$

101,819

$

(45)

$

101,774

Fed funds sold

18,936

18,936

Core deposit intangible

7,592

7,592

Loans

273,843

(3,440)

270,403

Accrued interest receivable

1,091

1,091

Other assets

3,342

517

3,859

Total assets

399,031

4,624

403,655

Liabilities

Deposits

354,529

(844)

353,685

Other liabilities

673

673

Total liabilities

355,202

(844)

354,358

Excess assets over liabilities

$

43,829

$

5,468

49,297

Stock issued for MPB

64,019

Total goodwill recorded

$

14,722

NOTE 4 Investment Securities

The following tables present amortized cost, gross unrealized gain and losses, and fair value of the available-for-sale investment securities and the amortized cost, net unrealized gains, carrying value, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value of for held-to-maturity as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

September 30, 2022

Amortized

Unrealized

Unrealized

Fair

(dollars in thousands)

    

Cost

Gains

Losses

    

Value

Available-for-sale

U.S. Treasury and agencies

$

3,826

$

26

$

(19)

$

3,833

Mortgage backed securities

 

  

 

 

 

Residential agency

 

721,170

 

6

 

(124,187)

 

596,989

Commercial

 

72,584

 

 

(7,301)

 

65,283

Asset backed securities

 

35

 

 

 

35

Corporate bonds

 

69,528

 

 

(6,558)

 

62,970

Total available-for-sale investment securities

867,143

32

(138,065)

729,110

Held-to-maturity

Obligations of state and political agencies

138,664

 

 

(18,836)

 

119,828

Mortgage backed securities

Residential agency

187,746

 

 

(34,268)

 

153,478

Total held-to-maturity investment securities

326,410

(53,104)

273,306

Total investment securities

$

1,193,553

$

32

$

(191,169)

$

1,002,416

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December 31, 2021

Amortized

Unrealized

Unrealized

Fair

(dollars in thousands)

    

Cost

Gains

Losses

    

Value

Available-for-sale

U.S. Treasury and agencies

$

5,028

$

75

$

$

5,103

Mortgage backed securities

 

  

 

 

 

  

Residential agency

 

717,781

 

1,213

 

(11,837)

 

707,157

Commercial

 

88,362

 

2,674

 

(123)

 

90,913

Asset backed securities

 

52

2

 

 

54

Corporate bonds

 

49,035

 

1,398

 

(11)

 

50,422

Total available-for-sale investment securities

860,258

5,362

(11,971)

853,649

Held-to-maturity

Obligations of state and political agencies

144,543

1,110

(349)

145,304

Mortgage backed securities

Residential agency

207,518

(3,145)

204,373

Total held-to-maturity investment securities

352,061

1,110

(3,494)

349,677

Total investment securities

$

1,212,319

$

6,472

$

(15,465)

$

1,203,326

Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, were as follows:

September 30, 2022

Less than 12 Months

Over 12 Months

Total

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

(dollars in thousands)

    

Losses

    

Value

    

Losses

    

Value

    

Losses

    

Value

Available-for-sale

U.S. Treasury and agencies

$

(19)

$

529

$

$

$

(19)

$

529

Mortgage backed securities

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential agency

 

(60,983)

 

325,016

 

(63,204)

 

271,347

 

(124,187)

 

596,363

Commercial

 

(5,425)

 

54,666

 

(1,876)

 

10,618

 

(7,301)

 

65,284

Asset backed securities

 

 

22

 

 

2

 

 

24

Corporate bonds

 

(6,558)

 

62,945

 

 

 

(6,558)

 

62,945

Total available-for-sale investment securities

(72,985)

443,178

(65,080)

281,967

(138,065)

725,145

Held-to-maturity

Obligations of state and political agencies

(16,300)

94,902

(2,536)

24,926

(18,836)

119,828

Mortgage backed securities

Residential agency

(34,268)

153,478

(34,268)

153,478

Total held-to-maturity investment securities

(16,300)

94,902

(36,804)

178,404

(53,104)

273,306

Total investment securities

$

(89,285)

$

538,080

$

(101,884)

$

460,371

$

(191,169)

$

998,451

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December 31, 2021

Less than 12 Months

Over 12 Months

Total

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

(dollars in thousands)

    

Losses

    

Value

    

Losses

    

Value

    

Losses

    

Value

Available-for-sale

U.S. Treasury and agencies

$

$

$

$

$

$

Mortgage backed securities

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential agency

 

(10,156)

 

554,811

 

(1,681)

 

55,082

 

(11,837)

 

609,893

Commercial

 

(123)

 

17,470

 

 

 

(123)

 

17,470

Asset backed securities

 

 

 

 

2

 

 

2

Corporate bonds

 

(11)

 

5,989

 

 

 

(11)

 

5,989

Total available-for-sale investment securities

(10,290)

578,270

(1,681)

55,084

(11,971)

633,354

Held-to-maturity

Obligations of state and political agencies

(349)

53,210

(349)

53,210

Mortgage backed securities

Residential agency

(3,145)

204,373

(3,145)

204,373

Total held-to-maturity investment securities

(3,494)

257,583

(3,494)

257,583

Total investment securities

$

(13,784)

$

835,853

$

(1,681)

$

55,084

$

(15,465)

$

890,937

For all of the above investment securities, the unrealized losses were due to changes in interest rates, and unrealized losses were considered to be temporary as the fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity dates. The Company expects that it could see a continued increase in unrealized losses if the Federal Reserve continues to raise interest rates. The Company evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment, or OTTI, on a quarterly basis, at a minimum, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. In estimating OTTI losses, consideration is given to the severity and duration of the impairment; the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, which for debt securities, considers external credit ratings and recent downgrades; and the intent and ability of the Company to hold the security for a period of time sufficient for a recovery in value.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not recognize OTTI losses on its investment securities.

The following table presents amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale and carrying value and fair value of held-to-maturity investment securities as of September 30, 2022, by contractual maturity:

Held-to-maturity

Available-for-sale

Carrying

Fair

Amortized

Fair

(dollars in thousands)

    

Value

Value

Cost

    

Value

Due within one year or less

$

6,808

$

6,742

$

11

$

11

Due after one year through five years

 

40,702

 

37,102

 

21,421

 

19,957

Due after five years through ten years

 

69,679

 

58,557

 

89,695

 

81,580

Due after 10 years

 

209,221

 

170,905

 

756,016

 

627,562

Total investment securities

$

326,410

$

273,306

$

867,143

$

729,110

Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Investment securities with a total carrying value of $264.1 million and $192.8 million were pledged as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, to secure public deposits and for other purposes required or permitted by law.

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Proceeds from the sale or call of available-for-sale investment securities, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, are displayed in the table below:

Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

Proceeds

$

$

$

$

13,189

Realized gains

 

 

 

 

114

Realized losses

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from the call of held-to-maturity investment securities, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, are displayed in the table below:

Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

Proceeds

$

101

$

348

$

827

$

1,763

Realized gains

 

 

11

 

 

11

Realized losses

 

 

 

 

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying value of the Company’s Federal Reserve stock and Federal Home Loan Bank of Des Moines, or FHLB, stock was as follows:

September 30, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

Federal Reserve

$

4,616

$

2,675

FHLB

 

15,554

 

3,806

These securities can only be redeemed or sold at their par value and only to the respective issuing institution or to another member institution. The Company records these non-marketable equity securities as a component of other assets and periodically evaluates these securities for impairment. Management considers these non-marketable equity securities to be long-term investments. Accordingly, when evaluating these securities for impairment, management considers the ultimate recoverability of the par value rather than recognizing temporary declines in value.

Visa Class B Restricted Shares

In 2008, the Company received Visa Class B restricted shares as part of Visa’s initial public offering. These shares are transferable only under limited circumstances until they can be converted into the publicly traded Class A common shares. This conversion will not occur until the settlement of certain litigation which will be indemnified by Visa members, including the Company. Visa funded an escrow account from its initial public offering to settle these litigation claims. Should this escrow account be insufficient to cover these litigation claims, Visa is entitled to fund additional amounts to the escrow account by reducing each member bank’s Class B conversion ratio to unrestricted Class A shares. As of September 30, 2022, the conversion ratio was 1.6059. Based on the existing transfer restriction and the uncertainty of the outcome of the Visa litigation mentioned above, the 6,924 Class B shares (11,119 Class A equivalents) that the Company owned as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, were carried at a zero cost basis.

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NOTE 5 Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table presents total loans outstanding, by portfolio segment, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

    

September 30, 

    

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

Commercial

Commercial and industrial (1)

$

564,655

$

436,761

Real estate construction

 

89,215

 

40,619

Commercial real estate

 

819,068

 

598,893

Total commercial

 

1,472,938

 

1,076,273

Consumer

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

649,818

 

510,716

Residential real estate junior lien

 

143,681

 

125,668

Other revolving and installment

 

51,794

 

45,363

Total consumer

 

845,293

 

681,747

Total loans

$

2,318,231

$

1,758,020

(1)Included Paycheck Protection Program, or PPP, loans of $2.9 million at September 30, 2022 and $33.6 million at December 31, 2021.

Total loans included net deferred loan fees and costs of $851 thousand and $231 thousand at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Deferred loan fees on PPP loans were $22 thousand at September 30, 2022 and $881 thousand at December 31, 2021. Unearned discounts associated with the acquisition of Metro Phoenix Bank totaled $8.0 million as of September 30, 2022.

Management monitors the credit quality of its loan portfolio on an ongoing basis. Measurements of delinquency and past due status are based on the contractual terms of each loan. Past due loans are reviewed regularly to identify loans for nonaccrual status. Loan modifications made in accordance with the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions, as issued on April 7, 2020, are included as accruing current.

The following tables present a past due aging analysis of total loans outstanding, by portfolio segment, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

September 30, 2022

90 Days

Accruing

30 - 89 Days

or More

Total

(dollars in thousands)

    

Current

    

Past Due

    

Past Due

    

Nonaccrual

    

Loans

Commercial

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

561,865

$

311

$

1,000

$

1,479

$

564,655

Real estate construction

 

89,215

 

 

 

 

89,215

Commercial real estate

 

818,439

 

 

 

629

 

819,068

Total commercial

 

1,469,519

 

311

 

1,000

 

2,108

 

1,472,938

Consumer

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

645,896

 

1,923

 

 

1,999

 

649,818

Residential real estate junior lien

 

143,491

 

2

 

 

188

 

143,681

Other revolving and installment

 

51,601

 

185

 

 

8

 

51,794

Total consumer

 

840,988

 

2,110

 

 

2,195

 

845,293

Total loans

$

2,310,507

$

2,421

$

1,000

$

4,303

$

2,318,231

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December 31, 2021

90 Days

Accruing

30 - 89 Days

or More

Total

(dollars in thousands)

    

Current

    

Past Due

    

Past Due

    

Nonaccrual

    

Loans

Commercial

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

435,135

$

168

$

121

$

1,337

$

436,761

Real estate construction

 

40,619

 

 

 

 

40,619

Commercial real estate

 

598,264

 

 

 

629

 

598,893

Total commercial

 

1,074,018

 

168

 

121

 

1,966

 

1,076,273

Consumer

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

508,925

 

1,770

 

 

21

 

510,716

Residential real estate junior lien

 

125,412

 

167

 

 

89

 

125,668

Other revolving and installment

 

45,242

 

121

 

 

 

45,363

Total consumer

 

679,579

 

2,058

 

 

110

 

681,747

Total loans

$

1,753,597

$

2,226

$

121

$

2,076

$

1,758,020

The Company’s consumer loan portfolio is primarily comprised of secured loans that are evaluated at origination on a centralized basis against standardized underwriting criteria. The Company generally does not risk rate consumer loans unless a default event such as bankruptcy or extended nonperformance takes place. Credit quality for the consumer loan portfolio is measured by delinquency rates, nonaccrual amounts and actual losses incurred.

The Company assigns a risk rating to all commercial loans, except pools of homogeneous loans, and periodically performs detailed internal and external reviews of risk rated loans over a certain threshold to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectability of the portfolio. These risk ratings are also subject to examination by the Company’s regulators. During the internal reviews, management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, trends in the industries in which the borrowers operate and the estimated fair values of collateral securing the loans. These credit quality indicators are used to assign a risk rating to each individual loan.

The Company’s ratings are aligned to pass and criticized categories. The criticized category includes special mention, substandard, and doubtful risk ratings. The risk ratings are defined as follows:

Pass: A pass loan is a credit with no existing or known potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention.

Special Mention: Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, this potential weakness may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard: Loans classified as substandard are not adequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt. Well-defined weaknesses include a borrower’s lack of marketability, inadequate cash flow or collateral support, failure to complete construction on time, or the failure to fulfill economic expectations. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful: Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or repayment in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loss: Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and charged off immediately.

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The tables below present total loans outstanding, by loan portfolio segment, and risk category as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

September 30, 2022

Criticized

Special

(dollars in thousands)

    

Pass

    

Mention

    

Substandard

    

Doubtful

    

Total

Commercial

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

559,647

$

$

5,008

$

$

564,655

Real estate construction

 

89,215

 

 

 

 

89,215

Commercial real estate

 

809,910

 

3,840

 

5,318

 

 

819,068

Total commercial

1,458,772

3,840

10,326

1,472,938

Consumer

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

647,517

 

64

 

2,237

 

 

649,818

Residential real estate junior lien

 

143,006

 

 

675

 

 

143,681

Other revolving and installment

 

51,786

 

 

8

 

 

51,794

Total consumer

 

842,309

 

64

 

2,920

 

 

845,293

Total loans

$

2,301,081

$

3,904

$

13,246

$

$

2,318,231

December 31, 2021

Criticized

Special

(dollars in thousands)

    

Pass

    

Mention

    

Substandard

    

Doubtful

    

Total

Commercial

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

430,235

$

480

$

6,046

$

$

436,761

Real estate construction

 

40,619

 

 

 

 

40,619

Commercial real estate

 

585,291

 

 

13,602

 

 

598,893

Total commercial

1,056,145

480

19,648

1,076,273

Consumer

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

510,375

 

 

341

 

 

510,716

Residential real estate junior lien

 

124,898

 

 

770

 

 

125,668

Other revolving and installment

 

45,363

 

 

 

 

45,363

Total consumer

 

680,636

 

 

1,111

 

 

681,747

Total loans

$

1,736,781

$

480

$

20,759

$

$

1,758,020

The adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is assessed at the end of each quarter. The allowance for loan losses includes a specific component related to loans that are individually evaluated for impairment and a general component related to loans that are segregated into homogeneous pools and collectively evaluated for impairment. The factors applied to these pools are an estimate of probable incurred losses based on management’s evaluation of historical net losses from loans with similar characteristics, which are adjusted by management to reflect current events, trends, and conditions. The adjustments include consideration of the following: changes in lending policies and procedures, economic conditions, nature and volume of the portfolio, experience of lending management, volume and severity of past due loans, quality of the loan review system, value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans, concentrations, and other external factors.

17

Table of Contents

The following tables present, by loan portfolio segment, a summary of the changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

Three months ended September 30, 2022

Beginning

Provision for

Loan

Loan

Ending

(dollars in thousands)

    

Balance

    

Loan Losses

    

Charge-offs

    

Recoveries

    

Balance

Commercial

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

10,333

$

(845)

$

(672)

$

105

$

8,921

Real estate construction

 

878

 

378

 

 

76

 

1,332

Commercial real estate

 

10,834

 

1,335

 

 

101

 

12,270

Total commercial

 

22,045

 

868

 

(672)

 

282

 

22,523

Consumer

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

6,175

 

(584)

 

 

 

5,591

Residential real estate junior lien

 

1,467

 

(109)

 

 

7

 

1,365

Other revolving and installment

 

634

 

(75)

 

(75)

 

53

 

537

Total consumer

 

8,276

 

(768)

 

(75)

 

60

 

7,493

Unallocated

 

1,052

 

(100)

 

 

 

952

Total

$

31,373

$

$

(747)

$

342

$

30,968

Nine months ended September 30, 2022

Beginning

Provision for

Loan

Loan

Ending

(dollars in thousands)

    

Balance

    

Loan Losses

    

Charge-offs

    

Recoveries

    

Balance

Commercial

Commercial and industrial

$

8,925

$

1,011

$

(1,336)

$

321

$

8,921

Real estate construction

783

473

76

1,332

Commercial real estate

12,376

(229)

123

12,270

Total commercial

22,084

1,255

(1,336)

520

22,523

Consumer

Residential real estate first mortgage

6,532

(941)

5,591

Residential real estate junior lien

1,295

(151)

221

1,365

Other revolving and installment

481

65

(130)

121

537

Total consumer

8,308

(1,027)

(130)

342

7,493

Unallocated

1,180

(228)

952

Total

$

31,572

$

$

(1,466)

$

862

$

30,968

Three months ended September 30, 2021

Beginning

Provision for

Loan

Loan

Ending

(dollars in thousands)

    

Balance

    

Loan Losses

    

Charge-offs

    

Recoveries

    

Balance

Commercial

Commercial and industrial

$

9,620

$

(825)

$

(747)

$

1,052

$

9,100

Real estate construction

587

 

92

 

 

679

Commercial real estate

12,937

 

(413)

 

 

12,524

Total commercial

23,144

 

(1,146)

 

(747)

 

1,052

22,303

Consumer

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

6,176

 

625

 

 

6,801

Residential real estate junior lien

1,401

 

6

 

 

16

1,423

Other revolving and installment

574

 

(32)

 

(46)

 

27

523

Total consumer

8,151

599

(46)

43

8,747

Unallocated

2,469

 

(1,453)

1,016

Total

$

33,764

$

(2,000)

$

(793)

$

1,095

$

32,066

18

Table of Contents

Nine months ended September 30, 2021

Beginning

Provision for

Loan

Loan

Ending

(dollars in thousands)

    

Balance

    

Loan Losses

    

Charge-offs

    

Recoveries

    

Balance

Commercial

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

10,205

$

(1,378)

$

(1,224)

$

1,497

$

9,100

Real estate construction

 

658

 

21

 

 

 

679

Commercial real estate

 

14,105

 

(1,049)

 

(536)

 

4

 

12,524

Total commercial

 

24,968

 

(2,406)

 

(1,760)

 

1,501

 

22,303

Consumer

 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

5,774

 

1,027

 

 

 

6,801

Residential real estate junior lien

 

1,373

 

(63)

 

113

 

1,423

Other revolving and installment

 

753

 

(196)

 

(139)

 

105

 

523

Total consumer

 

7,900

 

768

 

(139)

 

218

 

8,747

Unallocated

 

1,378

 

(362)

 

 

 

1,016

Total

$

34,246

$

(2,000)

$

(1,899)

$

1,719

$

32,066

The following tables present the recorded investment in loans and related allowance for loan losses, by loan portfolio segment, disaggregated on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

September 30, 2022

Recorded Investment

Allowance for Loan Losses

Individually

Collectively

Individually

Collectively

(dollars in thousands)

    

Evaluated

    

Evaluated

    

Total

    

Evaluated

    

Evaluated

    

Total

Commercial

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

2,083

$

562,572

$

564,655

$

264

$

8,657

$

8,921

Real estate construction

 

 

89,215

 

89,215

1,332

1,332

Commercial real estate

 

800

 

818,268

 

819,068

12,270

12,270

Total commercial

 

2,883

 

1,470,055

 

1,472,938

264

22,259

22,523

Consumer

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

1,998

 

647,820

 

649,818

5,591

5,591

Residential real estate junior lien

 

188

 

143,493

 

143,681

1,365

1,365

Other revolving and installment

 

8

 

51,786

 

51,794

537

537

Total consumer

 

2,194

 

843,099

 

845,293

7,493

7,493

Unallocated

952

Total loans

$

5,077

$

2,313,154

$

2,318,231

$

264

$

29,752

$

30,968

December 31, 2021

Recorded Investment

Allowance for Loan Losses

Individually

Collectively

Individually

Collectively

(dollars in thousands)

    

Evaluated

    

Evaluated

    

Total

    

Evaluated

    

Evaluated

    

Total

Commercial

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

1,831

$

434,930

$

436,761

$

278

$

8,647

$

8,925

Real estate construction

 

 

40,619

 

40,619

783

783

Commercial real estate

 

809

 

598,084

 

598,893

5

12,371

12,376

Total commercial

 

2,640

 

1,073,633

 

1,076,273

283

21,801

22,084

Consumer

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

21

 

510,695

 

510,716

6,532

6,532

Residential real estate junior lien

 

91

125,577

 

125,668

1,295

1,295

Other revolving and installment

 

 

45,363

 

45,363

481

481

Total consumer

 

112

 

681,635

 

681,747

8,308

8,308

Unallocated

1,180

Total loans

$

2,752

$

1,755,268

$

1,758,020

$

283

$

30,109

$

31,572

19

Table of Contents

The table below summarizes key information on impaired loans. These impaired loans may have estimated losses which are included in the allowance for loan losses:

September 30, 2022

 

December 31, 2021

Recorded

Unpaid

Related

 

Recorded

Unpaid

Related

(dollars in thousands)

    

Investment

    

Principal

    

Allowance

    

Investment

    

Principal

    

Allowance

Impaired loans with a valuation allowance

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

712

$

744

$

264

$

445

$

464

$

278

Commercial real estate

 

 

 

 

180

 

203

 

5

Residential real estate junior lien

 

 

 

Other revolving and installment

 

 

 

 

 

Total impaired loans with a valuation allowance

712

744

264

625

667

283

Impaired loans without a valuation allowance

 

  

 

  

 

  

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

1,371

1,476

1,386

1,575

Commercial real estate

 

800

855

 

629

 

684

 

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

1,998

 

2,077

 

21

 

24

 

Residential real estate junior lien

 

188

 

211

 

91

 

120

 

Other revolving and installment

 

8

 

8

 

 

 

Total impaired loans without a valuation allowance

4,365

4,627

2,127

2,403

Total impaired loans

 

  

 

  

 

  

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

2,083

2,220

264

1,831

2,039

278

Commercial real estate

 

800

 

855

 

 

809

 

887

 

5

Residential real estate first mortgage

1,998

2,077

21

24

Residential real estate junior lien

 

188

 

211

 

 

91

 

120

 

Other revolving and installment

 

8

 

8

 

 

 

 

Total impaired loans

$

5,077

$

5,371

$

264

$

2,752

$

3,070

$

283

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Table of Contents

The table below presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans and interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

Three months ended September 30, 

2022

2021

Average

Average

Recorded

Interest

Recorded

Interest

(dollars in thousands)

    

Investment

    

Income

    

Investment

    

Income

Impaired loans with a valuation allowance

Commercial and industrial

$

722

$

3

$

719

$

3

Commercial real estate

779

2

Residential real estate first mortgage

Residential real estate junior lien

8

Other revolving and installment

4

Total impaired loans with a valuation allowance

722

3

1,510

5

Impaired loans without a valuation allowance

 

Commercial and industrial

1,371

7

2,016

5

Commercial real estate

801

2

3,793

Residential real estate first mortgage

2,032

121

Residential real estate junior lien

189

166

Other revolving and installment

8

Total impaired loans without a valuation allowance

4,401

9

6,096

5

Total impaired loans

Commercial and industrial

2,093

10

2,735

8

Commercial real estate

801

2

4,572

2

Residential real estate first mortgage

2,032

121

Residential real estate junior lien

189

174

Other revolving and installment

8

4

Total impaired loans

$

5,123

$

12

$

7,606

$

10

Nine Months Ended September 30, 

2022

2021

Average

Average

Recorded

Interest

Recorded

Interest

(dollars in thousands)

    

Investment

    

Income

    

Investment

    

Income

Impaired loans with a valuation allowance

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

833

$

8

$

818

$

10

Commercial real estate

 

 

 

782

 

6

Residential real estate junior lien

 

 

 

11

 

Other revolving and installment

 

 

 

3

 

Total impaired loans with a valuation allowance

833

8

1,614

16

Impaired loans without a valuation allowance

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

1,291

21

2,061

15

Commercial real estate

 

805

 

5

 

3,980

 

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

2,108

 

 

114

 

Residential real estate junior lien

 

193

 

 

190

Other revolving and installment

 

11

 

 

 

Total impaired loans without a valuation allowance

4,408

26

6,345

15

Total impaired loans

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

2,124

29

2,879

25

Commercial real estate

 

805

 

5

 

4,762

 

6

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

2,108

 

 

114

 

Residential real estate junior lien

 

193

 

 

201

 

Other revolving and installment

 

11

 

 

3

 

Total impaired loans

$

5,241

$

34

$

7,959

$

31

21

Table of Contents

Loans with a carrying value of $1.4 billion as of September 30, 2022 and $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2021, were pledged to secure public deposits, and for other purposes required or permitted by law.

Under certain circumstances, the Company will provide borrowers relief through loan restructurings. A restructuring of debt constitutes a troubled debt restructuring, or TDR, if the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. TDR concessions can include a reduction of interest rates, an extension of maturity dates, forgiveness of principal or interest due, or acceptance of other assets in full or partial satisfaction of the debt.

During the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, there were no loans modified as a TDR.

The Company does not have material commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers with loans whose terms have been modified in TDRs or whose loans are on nonaccrual.

NOTE 6 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes the carrying amount of goodwill, by segment, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

September 30, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

Banking

$

34,854

$

20,131

Retirement and benefit services

11,206

11,359

Total goodwill

$

46,060

$

31,490

Goodwill is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, at a minimum, and more frequently when the economic environment warrants. The Company determined that there was no goodwill impairment as of September 30, 2022.

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization for each type of identifiable intangible asset are as follows:

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

(dollars in thousands)

    

Gross Carrying Amount

    

Accumulated Amortization

    

Total

    

Gross Carrying Amount

    

Accumulated Amortization

    

Total

Identifiable customer intangibles

$

41,423

$

(24,920)

$

16,503

$

42,057

$

(21,807)

$

20,250

Core deposit intangible assets

7,592

(316)

7,276

Total intangible assets

$

49,015

$

(25,236)

$

23,779

$

42,057

$

(21,807)

$

20,250

Amortization of intangible assets was $1.3 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets was $3.4 million and $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

NOTE 7 Loan Servicing

Loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The unpaid principal balances of loans serviced for others totaled $372.5 million and $345.8 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Servicing loans for others generally consists of collecting mortgage payments, maintaining escrow accounts, disbursing payments to investors and collection and foreclosure processing. Loan servicing income is recorded on an accrual basis and includes servicing fees from investors and certain charges collected from borrowers, such as late payment fees, and is net of fair value adjustments to capitalized mortgage servicing rights.

22

Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the Company’s activity related to servicing rights for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

    

Three months ended

    

Nine months ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

Balance, beginning of period

$

2,064

$

1,964

$

1,880

$

1,987

Additions

604

84

 

622

 

195

Amortization

(110)

(195)

 

(367)

 

(580)

(Impairment)/Recovery

222

(77)

 

645

 

174

Balance, end of period

$

2,780

$

1,776

$

2,780

$

1,776

The following is a summary of key data and assumptions used in the valuation of servicing rights as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Increases or decreases in any one of these assumptions would result in lower or higher fair value measurements:

    

September 30, 

    

December 31, 

 

(dollars in thousands)

2022

2021

Fair value of servicing rights

$

2,780

$

1,880

Weighted-average remaining term, years

 

20.6

 

20.3

Prepayment speeds

 

6.7

%  

 

14.2

%

Discount rate

 

10.0

%  

 

9.5

%

NOTE 8 Leases

Substantially all of the leases in which the Company is the lessee are comprised of real estate property for offices and office equipment rentals with terms extending through 2027. Portions of certain properties are subleased for terms extending through 2024. Substantially all of the Company’s leases are classified as operating leases. The Company has one existing finance lease for the Company’s headquarters building with a lease term through October 31, 2022.

The Company elected not to include short-term leases (i.e., leases with initial terms of twelve months or less), or equipment leases (deemed immaterial) on the consolidated financial statements. The following table presents the classification of the Company’s right-of-use, or ROU, assets and lease liabilities on the consolidated financial statements:

    

    

    

September 30, 

    

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

 

 

2022

 

2021

Lease Right-of-Use Assets

Classification

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 

Operating lease right-of-use assets

$

3,481

$

3,727

Finance lease right-of-use assets

 

Land, premises and equipment, net

 

 

87

Total lease right-of-use assets

$

3,481

$

3,814

Lease Liabilities

 

  

 

 

  

Operating lease liabilities

 

Operating lease liabilities

$

3,802

$

4,275

Finance lease liabilities

 

Long-term debt

 

21

 

203

Total lease liabilities

$

3,823

$

4,478

The calculated amount of the ROU assets and lease liabilities in the table above are impacted by the length of the lease term and the discount rate used to present value the minimum lease payments. The Company’s lease agreements often include one or more options to renew at the Company’s discretion. If at lease inception, the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. Regarding the discount rate, Topic 842 requires the use of the rate implicit in the lease whenever this rate is readily determinable. As this rate is rarely determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception, on a collateralized basis, over a similar term. For the Company’s only finance lease, the Company utilized its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception.

23

Table of Contents

September 30, 

December 31, 

 

    

2022

    

2021

Weighted-average remaining lease term, years

Operating leases

 

4.4

3.4

Finance leases

 

0.8

Weighted-average discount rate

 

  

Operating leases

 

2.7

%

2.5

%

Finance leases

 

7.8

%

7.8

%

As the Company elected, for all classes of underlying assets, not to separate lease and non-lease components and instead to account for them as a single lease component, the variable lease cost primarily represents variable payments such as common area maintenance and utilities. Variable lease cost also includes payments for usage or maintenance of those capitalized equipment operating leases.

The following table presents lease costs and other lease information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

    

Three months ended

    

Nine months ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

2021

Lease costs

 

 

  

Operating lease cost

$

425

$

429

$

1,250

$

1,417

Variable lease cost

187

192

 

550

 

583

Short-term lease cost

188

89

 

276

 

172

Finance lease cost

 

  

 

  

Interest on lease liabilities

2

7

 

7

 

22

Amortization of right-of-use assets

29

29

 

87

 

87

Sublease income

(63)

(51)

 

(179)

 

(163)

Net lease cost

$

768

$

695

$

1,991

$

2,118

Other information

 

  

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities operating cash flows from operating leases

$

400

$

411

$

1,184

$

1,372

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities

1,065

1,452

Future minimum payments for finance and operating leases with initial or remaining terms of one year or more as of September 30, 2022 were as follows:

Finance

Operating

(dollars in thousands)

    

Leases

    

Leases

Twelve months ended

September 30, 2023

$

21

$

1,582

September 30, 2024

 

 

827

September 30, 2025

 

 

541

September 30, 2026

 

 

402

September 30, 2027

 

 

309

Thereafter

 

 

441

Total future minimum lease payments

$

21

$

4,102

Amounts representing interest

 

 

(300)

Total operating lease liabilities

$

21

$

3,802

24

Table of Contents

NOTE 9 Deposits

The components of deposits in the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:

September 30, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

Noninterest-bearing

$

905,228

$

938,840

Interest-bearing

 

  

 

  

Interest-bearing demand

 

653,216

 

714,669

Savings accounts

 

101,820

 

96,825

Money market savings

 

1,079,520

 

937,305

Time deposits

 

222,027

 

232,912

Total interest-bearing

 

2,056,583

 

1,981,711

Total deposits

$

2,961,811

$

2,920,551

NOTE 10 Short-Term Borrowings

Short-term borrowings at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:

September 30, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

Fed funds purchased

$

53,830

$

FHLB Short-term advances

 

200,000

 

Total

$

253,830

$

The following table presents information related to short-term borrowings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

Three months ended

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

Fed funds purchased

 

Balance as of end of period

$

53,830

$

Average daily balance

84,149

10

Maximum month-end balance

78,015

Weighted-average rate

During period

3.71

%

%

End of period

3.25

%

%

FHLB Short-term advances

Balance as of end of period

$

200,000

$

Average daily balance

168,750

Maximum month-end balance

200,000

Weighted-average rate

During period

1.71

%

%

End of period

3.20

%

%

25

Table of Contents

Nine months ended

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

Fed funds purchased

 

Balance as of end of period

$

53,830

$

Average daily balance

55,527

3

Maximum month-end balance

117,350

Weighted-average rate

During period

2.47

%

%

End of period

3.25

%

%

FHLB Short-term advances

Balance as of end of period

$

200,000

$

Average daily balance

60,073

Maximum month-end balance

200,000

Weighted-average rate

During period

1.71

%

%

End of period

3.20

%

%

NOTE 11 Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:

September 30, 2022

Period End

Face

Carrying

Interest

Maturity

(dollars in thousands)

    

Value

    

Value

    

Interest Rate

    

Rate

    

Date

    

Call Date

Subordinated notes payable

$

50,000

$

50,000

Fixed

3.50

%  

3/30/2031

3/31/2026

Junior subordinated debenture (Trust I)

4,124

3,526

 

Three-month LIBOR + 3.10%

6.74

%  

6/26/2033

 

6/26/2008

Junior subordinated debenture (Trust II)

 

6,186

 

5,289

 

Three-month LIBOR + 1.80%

5.09

%  

9/15/2036

 

9/15/2011

Finance lease liability

 

2,700

 

21

 

Fixed

 

7.81

%  

10/31/2022

 

N/A

Total long-term debt

$

63,010

$

58,836

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

December 31, 2021

Period End

Face

Carrying

Interest

Maturity

(dollars in thousands)

    

Value

    

Value

    

Interest Rate

    

Rate

    

Date

    

Call Date

Subordinated notes payable

$

50,000

$

50,000

 

Fixed

 

3.50

%  

3/30/2031

 

3/31/2026

Junior subordinated debenture (Trust I)

 

4,124

 

3,492

 

Three-month LIBOR + 3.10%

3.32

%  

6/26/2033

 

6/26/2008

Junior subordinated debenture (Trust II)

 

6,186

 

5,238

 

Three-month LIBOR + 1.80%

2.00

%  

9/15/2036

 

9/15/2011

Finance lease liability

 

2,700

 

203

 

Fixed

 

7.81

%  

10/31/2022

 

N/A

Total long-term debt

$

63,010

$

58,933

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

NOTE 12 Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk

In the normal course of business, the Bank has outstanding commitments and contingent liabilities, such as commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit, which are not included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. The Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instruments for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual or notional amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making such commitments as it does for instruments that are included in the statements of financial condition.

26

Table of Contents

A summary of the contractual amounts of the Company’s exposure to off-balance sheet risk as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, was as follows:

September 30, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

Commitments to extend credit

$

785,745

$

668,115

Standby letters of credit

 

11,414

 

10,529

Total

$

797,159

$

678,644

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a client as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each client’s creditworthiness on a case by case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, property and equipment, and income producing commercial properties.

The Company was not required to perform on any financial guarantees and did not incur any losses on its commitments during the past two years.

The Company utilizes standby letters of credit issued by either the FHLB or the Bank of North Dakota to secure public unit deposits. The Company had no letters of credit outstanding with the FHLB as of September 30, 2022. The Company had a $150 thousand letter of credit outstanding with the FHLB as of December 31, 2021. With the Bank of North Dakota, the Company had no letters of credit outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Bank of North Dakota potential letters of credit were collateralized by loans pledged to the Bank of North Dakota in the amount of $224.0 million and $229.7 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

NOTE 13 Share-Based Compensation

On May 6, 2019, the Company’s stockholders approved the Alerus Financial Corporation 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. This plan gives the compensation committee the ability to grant a wide variety of equity awards, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and cash incentive awards in such forms and amounts as it deems appropriate to accomplish the goals of the plan. Any shares subject to an award that is cancelled, forfeited, or expires prior to exercise or realization, either in full or in part, shall again become available for issuance under the plan. However, shares subject to an award shall not again be made available for issuance or delivery under the plan if such shares are (a) tendered in payment of the exercise price of a stock option, (b) delivered to, or withheld by, the Company to satisfy any tax withholding obligation, or (c) covered by a stock-settled stock appreciation right or other awards and were not issued upon the settlement of the award. Shares vest, become exercisable and contain such other terms and conditions as determined by the compensation committee and set forth in individual agreements with the participant receiving the award. The plan authorizes the issuance of up to 1,100,000 shares of common stock. As of September 30, 2022, 922,010 shares of common stock are still available for issuance under the plan.

The compensation expense relating to awards under these plans was $351 thousand and $545 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The compensation expense relating to awards under these plans was $1.4 million and $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Table of Contents

The following table presents the activity in the stock plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

Nine months ended September 30, 

2022

2021

Weighted-

Weighted-

    

Average Grant

Average Grant

    

Awards

    

Date Fair Value

    

Awards

    

Date Fair Value

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Awards

 

 

 

Outstanding at beginning of period

 

260,850

 

$

21.04

325,030

 

$

19.48

Granted

 

102,265

 

25.44

66,664

 

26.63

Vested

 

(107,370)

 

19.19

(101,108)

 

20.46

Forfeited or cancelled

 

(10,624)

 

23.71

 

Outstanding at end of period

245,121

$

23.57

290,586

$

20.77

As of September 30, 2022, there was $3.0 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested awards granted under the plans. The expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.8 years.

NOTE 14 Income Taxes

The components of income tax expense (benefit) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

Three months ended September 30, 

2022

2021

    

    

Percent of

  

  

    

Percent of

  

(dollars in thousands)

Amount

Pretax Income

  

Amount

Pretax Income

  

Taxes at statutory federal income tax rate

$

2,637

 

21.0

%

$

3,598

 

21.0

Tax effect of:

 

 

Tax exempt income

(133)

 

(1.1)

%

(134)

 

(0.8)

State income taxes, net of federal benefits

406

3.2

%

756

4.4

Nondeductible items and other

30

 

0.2

%

(156)

 

(0.9)

Applicable income taxes

$

2,940

23.3

%

$

4,064

23.7

Nine months ended September 30, 

2022

2021

    

    

Percent of

  

  

    

Percent of

 

(dollars in thousands)

Amount

Pretax Income

  

Amount

Pretax Income

 

Taxes at statutory federal income tax rate

$

7,906

 

21.0

$

10,993

 

21.0

%

Tax effect of:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Tax exempt income

 

(372)

 

(1.0)

 

(434)

 

(0.8)

%

State income taxes, net of federal benefits

 

1,515

 

4.0

 

2,407

 

4.6

%

Nondeductible items and other

(496)

(1.3)

(596)

(1.1)

%

Applicable income taxes

$

8,553

 

22.7

$

12,370

 

23.7

%

It is the opinion of management that the Company has no significant uncertain tax positions that would be subject to change upon examination.

NOTE 15 Tax Credit Investments

The Company invests in qualified affordable housing projects for the purpose of community reinvestment and obtaining tax credits. The Company’s tax credit investments are limited to existing lending relationships with well-known developers and projects within the Company’s market area.

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Table of Contents

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s investments in qualified affordable housing project tax credits as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

    

    

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

(dollars in thousands)

 

Investment

Unfunded Commitment

Investment

Unfunded Commitment

Investment

Accounting Method

Low income housing tax credit

 

Proportional amortization

$

17,906

    

$

15,559

    

$

7,906

    

$

6,999

Total

 

$

17,906

 

$

15,559

 

$

7,906

 

$

6,999

The following table presents a summary of the amortization expense and tax benefit recognized for the Company’s qualified affordable housing projects for the three and nine months ended three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

Three months ended September 30, 

2022

2021

Amortization

Tax Benefit

Amortization

Tax Benefit

(dollars in thousands)

Expense (1)

    

Recognized (2)

    

Expense (1)

    

Recognized (2)

    

Low income housing tax credit

$

109

 

$

(146)

 

$

 

$

 

Total

$

109

$

(146)

$

$

(1)The amortization expense for low income housing tax credit investments were included in income tax expense.
(2)All of the tax benefits recognized were included in income tax expense.

Nine months ended September 30, 

2022

2021

Amortization

Tax Benefit

Amortization

Tax Benefit

(dollars in thousands)

Expense (1)

Recognized (2)

Expense (1)

Recognized (2)

Low income housing tax credit

$

220

 

$

(303)

 

$

 

$

Total

$

220

$

(303)

$

$

(1)The amortization expense for low income housing tax credits were included in income tax expense.
(2)All of the tax benefits recognized were included in income tax expense.

NOTE 16 Segment Reporting

The Company determines reportable segments based on the services offered, the significance of the services offered, the significance of those services to the Company’s financial statements, and management’s regular review of the operating results of those services. The Company operates through four operating segments: Banking, Retirement and Benefit Services, Wealth Management, and Mortgage.

The financial information presented for each segment includes net interest income, provision for loan losses, direct noninterest income, and direct noninterest expense, before indirect allocations. Corporate Administration includes the indirect overhead and is set forth in the table below. The segment net income before taxes represents direct revenue and expense before indirect allocations and income taxes.

29

Table of Contents

The following table presents key metrics related to the Company’s segments for the periods presented:

Three months ended September 30, 2022

Retirement and

Wealth

Corporate

(dollars in thousands)

    

Banking

    

Benefit Services

    

Management

    

Mortgage

    

Administration

    

Consolidated

Net interest income

$

28,512

$

$

$

393

$

(589)

$

28,316

Provision for loan losses

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noninterest income

 

1,723

 

16,597

 

4,852

 

3,782

 

56

 

27,010

Noninterest expense

 

19,990

 

6,130

 

1,576

 

4,483

 

10,588

 

42,767

Net income before taxes

$

10,245

$

10,467

$

3,276

$

(308)

$

(11,121)

$

12,559

    

Nine months ended September 30, 2022

Retirement and

Wealth

Corporate

(dollars in thousands)

    

Banking

    

Benefit Services

    

Management

    

Mortgage

    

Administration

    

Consolidated

Net interest income

$

72,816

$

$

$

1,660

$

(1,711)

$

72,765

Provision for loan losses

Noninterest income

4,602

50,536

15,726

14,751

91

85,706

Noninterest expense

48,303

 

21,160

 

5,062

 

14,712

31,585

120,822

Net income before taxes

$

29,115

$

29,376

$

10,664

$

1,699

$

(33,205)

$

37,649

Three months ended September 30, 2021

Retirement and

Wealth

Corporate

(dollars in thousands)

    

Banking

    

Benefit Services

    

Management

    

Mortgage

    

Administration

    

Consolidated

Net interest income

$

21,168

$

$

$

499

$

(535)

$

21,132

Provision for loan losses

(2,000)

(2,000)

Noninterest income

1,576

18,031

5,295

11,116

22

36,040

Noninterest expense

11,403

 

10,320

 

2,219

 

8,464

9,635

42,041

Net income before taxes

$

13,341

$

7,711

$

3,076

$

3,151

$

(10,148)

$

17,131

    

Nine months ended September 30, 2021

Retirement and

Wealth

Corporate

(dollars in thousands)

    

Banking

    

Benefit Services

    

Management

    

Mortgage

    

Administration

    

Consolidated

Net interest income

$

64,236

$

$

$

1,435

$

(1,361)

$

64,310

Provision for loan losses

 

(2,000)

 

 

 

 

 

(2,000)

Noninterest income

 

4,564

 

53,157

 

15,419

 

40,535

 

(6)

 

113,669

Noninterest expense

 

33,401

 

30,420

 

6,682

 

29,978

 

27,152

 

127,633

Net income before taxes

$

37,399

$

22,737

$

8,737

$

11,992

$

(28,519)

$

52,346

Banking

The Banking division offers a complete line of loan, deposit, cash management, and treasury services through fourteen offices in North Dakota, Minnesota, and Arizona. These products and services are supported through web and mobile based applications. The majority of the Company’s assets and liabilities are in the Banking segment’s balance sheet.

Retirement and Benefit Services

Retirement and Benefit Services provides the following services nationally: recordkeeping and administration services to qualified retirement plans; ESOP trustee, recordkeeping, and administration; investment fiduciary services to retirement plans; health savings accounts, flex spending accounts, and COBRA recordkeeping and administration services. In addition, the division operates within each of the banking markets, as well as in Lansing, Michigan and Littleton, Colorado.

Wealth Management

The Wealth Management division provides advisory and planning services, investment management, and trust and fiduciary services to clients across the Company’s footprint.

30

Table of Contents

Mortgage

The Mortgage division offers first and second mortgage loans through a centralized mortgage unit in Minneapolis, Minnesota, as well as through the Banking office locations.

NOTE 17 Earnings Per Share

The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share using the two-class method for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are presented below:

Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

Net income

$

9,619

$

13,067

$

29,096

$

39,976

Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities

90

196

312

628

Net income available to common shareholders

$

9,529

$

12,871

$

28,784

$

39,348

Weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per share

19,987

17,205

18,186

 

17,182

Dilutive effect of stock-based awards

243

 

294

 

245

 

306

Weighted-average common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per share

20,230

17,499

18,431

17,488

Earnings per common share:

Basic earnings per common share

$

0.48

$

0.75

$

1.58

$

2.29

Diluted earnings per common share

$

0.47

$

0.74

$

1.56

$

2.26

NOTE 18 Derivative Instruments

The Company enters into interest rate swaps to facilitate client transactions and meet their financing needs. Upon entering into these instruments to meet client needs, the Company enters into offsetting positions with U.S. financial institutions in order to minimize risk to the Company. These swaps are derivatives but are not designated as hedging instruments.

The Company did not have any derivatives designated as hedging instruments as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The following table presents the amounts recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, for derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

Fair

Notional

Fair

Notional

(dollars in thousands)

    

    

Value

    

Amount

    

Value

    

Amount

Asset Derivatives

 

Consolidated Balance Sheet Location

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Interest rate swaps

 

Other assets

$

6,608

$

43,784

$

1,366

$

44,826

Interest rate lock commitments

 

Other assets

1,507

52,316

Forward loan sales commitments

 

Other assets

 

10

 

333

 

490

 

13,418

TBA mortgage backed securities

 

Other assets

 

1,352

 

53,000

 

34

 

97,000

Total asset derivatives

 

  

$

7,970

$

97,117

$

3,397

$

207,560

Liability Derivatives

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Interest rate swaps

 

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

$

6,608

$

43,784

$

1,368

$

44,826

Interest rate lock commitments

 

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

134

22,636

Total liability derivatives

 

  

$

6,742

$

66,420

$

1,368

$

44,826

31

Table of Contents

The gain (loss) recognized on derivative instruments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was as follows:

Three months ended

Nine months ended

Consolidated Statements

September 30, 

September 30, 

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

of Income Location

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

Interest rate swaps

 

Other noninterest income

$

1

$

1

$

2

$

2

Interest rate lock commitments

 

Mortgage banking

(1,724)

(1,793)

(1,871)

(7,298)

Forward loan sales commitments

 

Mortgage banking

(532)

(499)

(480)

(2,061)

TBA mortgage backed securities

 

Mortgage banking

1,317

(690)

 

5,066

 

4,865

Total gain/(loss) from derivative instruments

 

$

(938)

$

(2,981)

$

2,717

$

(4,492)

The Company has third party agreements that require a minimum dollar transfer amount upon a margin call. This requirement is dependent on certain specified credit measures. The amount of collateral posted with third parties was zero at September 30, 2022 and $15 thousand at December 31, 2021. The amount of collateral posted with third parties was deemed to be sufficient as of those dates to collateralize both the fair market value change as well as any additional amounts that may be required as a result of a change in the specified credit measures.

NOTE 19 Regulatory Matters

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of common equity tier 1, tier 1, and total capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk weighted assets (as defined) and of tier 1 capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined). Management believes at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, each of the Company and the Bank had met all of the capital adequacy requirements to which it was subject.

The following table presents the Company’s and the Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

September 30, 2022

 

Minimum to be

Requirements

Well Capitalized

 

for Capital

Under Prompt

 

Actual

Adequacy Purposes

Corrective Action

 

(dollars in thousands)

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

 

Common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Consolidated

$

381,019

 

13.63

%  

$

125,839

 

4.50

%  

$

N/A

 

N/A

Bank

 

363,457

 

13.01

%  

 

125,754

 

4.50

%  

 

181,645

 

6.50

%

Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets

 

  

 

 

 

  

 

  

 

 

.

 

  

Consolidated

 

389,834

 

13.94

%  

 

167,785

 

6.00

%  

 

N/A

 

N/A

Bank

 

363,457

 

13.01

%  

 

167,672

 

6.00

%  

 

223,563

 

8.00

%

Total capital to risk weighted assets

 

  

 

 

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

Consolidated

 

470,802

 

16.84

%  

 

223,713

 

8.00

%  

 

N/A

 

N/A

Bank

 

394,425

 

14.11

%  

 

223,562

 

8.00

%  

 

279,454

 

10.00

%

Tier 1 capital to average assets

 

  

 

  

 

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

Consolidated

 

389,834

 

10.82

%  

 

144,131

 

4.00

%  

 

N/A

 

N/A

Bank

 

363,457

 

11.12

%  

 

130,728

 

4.00

%  

 

163,410

 

5.00

%

32

Table of Contents

December 31, 2021

 

Minimum to be

Requirements

Well Capitalized

 

for Capital

Under Prompt

 

Actual

Adequacy Purposes

Corrective Action

 

(dollars in thousands)

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

    

Amount

    

Ratio

 

Common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Consolidated

$

314,628

 

14.65

%  

$

96,647

 

4.50

%  

$

N/A

 

N/A

Bank

 

297,453

 

13.87

%  

 

96,538

 

4.50

%  

 

139,444

 

6.50

%

Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets

 

  

 

 

 

  

 

  

 

 

.

 

  

Consolidated

 

323,358

 

15.06

%  

 

128,862

 

6.00

%  

 

N/A

 

N/A

Bank

 

297,453

 

13.87

%  

 

128,718

 

6.00

%  

 

171,624

 

8.00

%

Total capital to risk weighted assets

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

Consolidated

 

400,263

 

18.64

%  

 

171,816

 

8.00

%  

 

N/A

 

N/A

Bank

 

324,328

 

15.12

%  

 

171,624

 

8.00

%  

 

214,530

 

10.00

%

Tier 1 capital to average assets

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

Consolidated

 

323,358

 

9.79

%  

 

132,112

 

4.00

%  

 

N/A

 

N/A

Bank

 

297,453

 

9.01

%  

 

132,039

 

4.00

%  

 

165,049

 

5.00

%

The Bank is subject to certain restrictions on the amount of dividends that it may pay without prior regulatory approval. The Company and the Bank are subject to the rules of the Basel III regulatory capital framework and related Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act rules. The rules include a 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer that is added to the minimum requirements for capital adequacy purposes. A banking organization with a conservation buffer of less than the required amount will be subject to the limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. As of September 30, 2022, the capital ratios for the Company and the Bank were sufficient to meet the conservation buffer. In addition, the Company must adhere to various U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD, regulatory guidelines including required minimum capital and liquidity to maintain their Federal Housing Administration approval status. Failure to comply with the HUD guidelines could result in withdrawal of this certification. As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with the aforementioned guidelines.

NOTE 20 Stock Repurchase Program

On February 18, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a stock repurchase program, or the Program, which authorizes the Company to repurchase up to 770,000 shares of its common stock subject to certain limitations and conditions. The Program was effective immediately and will continue for a period of 36 months. The Program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any shares of its common stock and there is no assurance that the Company will do so. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were no shares repurchased under the Program. The Company also repurchases shares to pay withholding taxes on the vesting of restricted stock awards and units.

NOTE 21 Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The Company categorizes its assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value into a three level hierarchy based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique used to determine estimated fair value. The estimated fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). If the inputs used in the determination of the estimated fair value measurement fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is

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significant to the estimated fair value measurement. Assets and liabilities valued at estimated fair value are categorized based on the following inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:

Level 1—Inputs that utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that an entity has the ability to access.

Level 2—Inputs that include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Estimated fair values for these instruments are estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of investment securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows.

Level 3—Inputs that are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Company may re-measure the carrying value of assets and liabilities measured on a nonrecurring basis to estimated fair value. Adjustments to estimated fair value usually result when certain assets are impaired. Such assets are written down from their carrying amounts to their estimated fair value.

Professional standards allow entities the irrevocable option to elect to measure certain financial instruments and other items at estimated fair value for the initial and subsequent measurement on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The Company adopted the policy to value certain financial instruments at estimated fair value. The Company has not elected to measure any existing financial instruments at estimated fair value; however, it may elect to measure newly acquired financial instruments at estimated fair value in the future.

Recurring Basis

The Company uses estimated fair value measurements to record estimated fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine estimated fair value disclosures.

The following tables present the balances of the assets and liabilities measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

    

September 30, 2022

(dollars in thousands)

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

    

Total

Available-for-sale

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

U.S. treasury and government agencies

$

$

3,833

$

$

3,833

Mortgage backed securities

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential agency

 

 

596,989

 

 

596,989

Commercial

 

 

65,283

 

 

65,283

Asset backed securities

 

 

35

 

 

35

Corporate bonds

 

 

62,970

 

 

62,970

Total available-for-sale investment securities

$

$

729,110

$

$

729,110

Other assets

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Derivatives

$

$

7,970

$

$

7,970

Other liabilities

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Derivatives

$

$

6,742

$

$

6,742

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Table of Contents

December 31, 2021

(dollars in thousands)

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

    

Total

Available-for-sale

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

U.S. treasury and government agencies

$

$

5,103

$

$

5,103

Mortgage backed securities

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential agency

 

 

707,157

 

 

707,157

Commercial

 

 

90,913

 

 

90,913

Asset backed securities

 

 

54

 

 

54

Corporate bonds

 

 

50,422

 

 

50,422

Total available-for-sale investment securities

$

$

853,649

$

$

853,649

Other assets

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Derivatives

$

$

3,397

$

$

3,397

Other liabilities

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Derivatives

$

$

1,368

$

$

1,368

The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Investment Securities, Available-for-Sale

Generally, debt securities are valued using pricing for similar securities, recently executed transactions, and other pricing models utilizing observable inputs and therefore are classified as Level 2.

Derivatives

All of the Company’s derivatives are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available. For these derivatives, estimated fair value is measured using internally developed models that use primarily market observable inputs, such as yield curves and option volatilities, and accordingly, classify as Level 2. Examples of Level 2 derivatives are basic interest rate swaps and forward contracts.

Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets are measured at estimated fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets are not measured at estimated fair value on an ongoing basis; however, they are subject to estimated fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment or a change in the amount of previously recognized impairment.

Net impairment related to nonrecurring estimated fair value measurements of certain assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 consisted of the following:

September 30, 2022

(dollars in thousands)

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

    

Total

    

Impairment

Loans held for sale

$

26,129

$

$

26,129

$

Impaired loans

 

 

4,813

 

4,813

 

264

Foreclosed assets

 

 

904

 

904

 

Servicing rights

 

 

2,780

 

2,780

 

December 31, 2021

(dollars in thousands)

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

    

Total

    

Impairment

Loans held for sale

$

46,490

$

$

46,490

$

Impaired loans

 

 

2,469

 

2,469

 

283

Foreclosed assets

 

 

885

 

885

 

Servicing rights

 

 

1,880

 

1,880

 

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Table of Contents

Loans Held for Sale

Loans originated and held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value. The Company obtains quotes or bids on these loans directly from purchasing financial institutions. Typically, these quotes include a premium on the sale and thus these quotes indicate estimated fair value of the held for sale loans is greater than cost.

Impairment losses for loans held for sale that are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value, represent additional net write-downs during the period to record these loans at the lower of cost or estimated fair value, subsequent to their initial classification as loans held for sale.

The valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used to measure Level 3 estimated fair values as of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, were as follows:

September 30, 2022

(dollars in thousands)

Weighted

Asset Type

    

Valuation Technique

    

Unobservable Input

Fair Value

    

Range

    

Average

  

Impaired loans

 

Appraisal value

 

Property specific adjustment

$

4,813

 

N/A

N/A

 

Foreclosed assets

 

Appraisal value

 

Property specific adjustment

 

904

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

Servicing rights

 

Discounted cash flows

 

Prepayment speed assumptions

 

2,780

 

100-136

 

112

 

 

  

 

Discount rate

 

  

 

10.0

%  

10.0

December 31, 2021

(dollars in thousands)

Weighted

 

Asset Type

    

Valuation Technique

    

Unobservable Input

Fair Value

    

Range

    

Average

 

Impaired loans

 

Appraisal value

 

Property specific adjustment

$

2,469

 

N/A

 

N/A

Foreclosed assets

 

Appraisal value

 

Property specific adjustment

 

885

 

N/A

 

N/A

Servicing rights

 

Discounted cash flows

 

Prepayment speed assumptions

 

1,880

 

161-327

 

237

 

  

 

Discount rate

 

  

 

9.5

%  

9.5

%

Disclosure of estimated fair value information about financial instruments, for which it is practicable to estimate that value, is required whether or not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. In cases in which quoted market prices are not available, estimated fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimate of future cash flows. In that regard, the derived estimated fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments. Certain financial instruments, with an estimated fair value that is not practicable to estimate and all non-financial instruments, are excluded from the disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate estimated fair value amounts presented do not necessarily represent the underlying value of the Company.

The following disclosures represent financial instruments in which the ending balances, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, were not carried at estimated fair value in their entirety on the consolidated balance sheets.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Accrued Interest

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximate those assets’ and liabilities’ estimated fair values.

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Table of Contents

Investment Securities, Held-to-Maturity

The fair values of debt securities held-to-maturity are based on quoted market prices for the same or similar securities, recently executed transactions and pricing models.

Loans

For variable-rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, estimated fair values are based on carrying values. The estimated fair values of other loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

Bank-owned life insurance is carried at the amount due upon surrender of the policy, which is also the estimated fair value. This amount was provided by the insurance companies based on the terms of the underlying insurance contract.

Deposits

The estimated fair values of demand deposits are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the consolidated balance sheet date. The estimated fair values of fixed-rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies current incremental interest rates being offered on certificates of deposit to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities of the outstanding certificates of deposit.

Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt

For variable-rate borrowings that reprice frequently, estimated fair values are based on carrying values. The estimated fair value of fixed-rate borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

Off-Balance Sheet Credit-Related Commitments

Off-balance sheet credit related commitments are generally of short-term nature. The contract amount of such commitments approximates their estimated fair value since the commitments are comprised primarily of unfunded loan commitments which are generally priced at market at the time of funding.

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Table of Contents

The estimated fair values, and related carrying or notional amounts, of the Company’s financial instruments at the dates indicated are as follows:

September 30, 2022

Carrying

Estimated Fair Value

(dollars in thousands)

    

Amount

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

    

Total

Financial Assets

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Cash and cash equivalents

$

54,167

$

54,167

$

$

$

54,167

Investment securities held-to-maturity

326,410

273,306

273,306

Loans, net

 

2,287,263

 

 

 

2,256,887

 

2,256,887

Accrued interest receivable

 

11,256

 

11,256

 

 

 

11,256

Bank-owned life insurance

 

33,777

 

 

33,777

 

 

33,777

Financial Liabilities

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Noninterest-bearing deposits

$

905,228

$

$

905,228

$

$

905,228

Interest-bearing deposits

 

1,834,556

 

 

1,834,556

 

 

1,834,556

Time deposits

 

222,027

 

 

 

217,974

 

217,974

Short-term borrowings

 

253,830

 

253,830

 

 

 

253,830

Long-term debt

 

58,836

 

 

55,480

 

 

55,480

Accrued interest payable

 

1,405

 

1,405

 

 

 

1,405

December 31, 2021

Carrying

Estimated Fair Value

(dollars in thousands)

    

Amount

    

Level 1

    

Level 2

    

Level 3

    

Total

Financial Assets

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Cash and cash equivalents

$

242,311

$

242,311

$

$

$

242,311

Investment securities held-to-maturity

352,061

349,677

349,677

Loans, net

 

1,726,448

 

 

 

1,760,784

 

1,760,784

Accrued interest receivable

 

8,537

 

8,537

 

 

 

8,537

Bank-owned life insurance

 

33,156

 

 

33,156

 

 

33,156

Financial Liabilities

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Noninterest-bearing deposits

$

938,840

$

$

938,840

$

$

938,840

Interest-bearing deposits

 

1,748,799

 

 

1,748,799

 

 

1,748,799

Time deposits

 

232,912

 

 

 

232,970

 

232,970

Long-term debt

 

58,933

 

 

57,772

 

 

57,772

Accrued interest payable

 

1,674

 

1,674

 

 

 

1,674

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Table of Contents

Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General

The following discussion explains our financial condition and results of operations as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. Annualized results for this interim period may not be indicative of results for the full year or future periods. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes presented elsewhere in this report and the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2022.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements concerning plans, estimates, calculations, forecasts and projections with respect to the anticipated future performance of Alerus Financial Corporation. These statements are often, but not always, identified by words such as “may”, “might”, “should”, “could”, “predict”, “potential”, “believe”, “expect”, “continue”, “will”, “anticipate”, “seek”, “estimate”, “intend”, “plan”, “projection”, “would”, “annualized”, “target” and “outlook”, or the negative version of those words or other comparable words of a future or forward-looking nature. Examples of forward-looking statements include, among others, statements we make regarding our projected growth, anticipated future financial performance, financial condition, credit quality and management’s long-term performance goals and the future plans and prospects of Alerus Financial Corporation.

Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based only on our current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding the future of our business, future plans and strategies, projections, anticipated events and trends, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. Our actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements. Therefore, you should not rely on any of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results and financial condition to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

interest rate risks associated with our business, including the effects of recent and anticipated rate increases by the Federal Reserve;
our ability to successfully manage credit risk and maintain an adequate level of allowance for loan losses;
new or revised accounting standards, including as a result of the future implementation of the new Current Expected Credit Loss standard;
business and economic conditions generally and in the financial services industry, nationally and within our market areas, including rising rates of inflation;
the overall health of the local and national real estate market;
concentrations within our loan portfolio;
the level of nonperforming assets on our balance sheet;
the impact of economic or market conditions on our fee-based services;
our ability to implement our organic and acquisition growth strategies;

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Table of Contents

potential impairment to the goodwill we recorded in connections with our past acquisitions;
our ability to continue to grow our retirement and benefit services business;
our ability to continue to originate a sufficient volume of residential mortgages;
the occurrence of fraudulent activity, breaches or failures of our information security controls or cybersecurity-related incidents;
interruptions involving our information technology and telecommunications systems or third-party servicers;
developments and uncertainty related to the future use and availability of some reference rates, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate, as well as other alternative reference rates;
potential losses incurred in connection with mortgage loan repurchases;
the composition of our executive management team and our ability to attract and retain key personnel;
severe weather, natural disasters, widespread disease or pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, acts of war or terrorism, including the Russian invasion of Ukraine, or other adverse external events;
any material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting;
our ability to successfully manage liquidity risk;
concentrations of large depositors;
our dependence on dividends from the Bank;
the effectiveness of our risk management framework;
the commencement and outcome of litigation and other legal proceedings and regulatory actions against us or to which we may become subject;
the extensive regulatory framework that applies to us;
the impact of recent and future legislative and regulatory changes;
the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its effects on the economic environment, our clients and our operations, including due to supply chain disruptions, as well as any changes to federal, state, or local government laws, regulations, or orders in connection with the pandemic;
fluctuations in the values of the securities held in our securities portfolio, including as a result of rising interest rates;
governmental monetary, trade and fiscal policies;
rapid technological change in the financial services industry;
increased competition in the financial services industry from non-banks such as credit unions and Fintech companies;

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Table of Contents

our ability to manage mortgage pipeline risk;
changes to U.S. or state tax laws, regulations and guidance, the new 1.0% excise tax on stock buybacks by publicly traded companies;
talent and labor shortages and employee turnover;
possible federal mask and vaccine mandates;
the impact of inflation and recent and anticipated interest rate increases on our clients;
our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items; and
any other risks described in the “Risk Factors” section of this report and in other reports filed by Alerus Financial Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report is based only on information currently available to us and speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

Overview

We are a diversified financial services company headquartered in Grand Forks, North Dakota. Through our subsidiary, Alerus Financial, National Association, or the Bank, we provide financial solutions to businesses and consumers through four distinct business lines—banking, retirement and benefit services, wealth management and mortgage. These solutions are delivered through a relationship-oriented primary point of contact along with responsive and client-friendly technology.

Our business model produces strong financial performance and a diversified revenue stream, which has helped us establish a brand and culture yielding both a loyal client base and passionate and dedicated employees. We generate a majority of our overall revenue from noninterest income, which is driven primarily by our retirement and benefit services, wealth management and mortgage business lines. The remainder of our revenue consists of net interest income, which we derive from offering our traditional banking products and services.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared based on the application of accounting policies generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates are based upon historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under current circumstances. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The estimates and judgments that management believes have the most effect on the Company’s reported financial position and results of operations are set forth in Note 1 – Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Consolidated Statements, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. There have been no significant changes in critical accounting policies, or the assumptions and judgments utilized in applying these policies since December 31, 2021.

The JOBS Act permits the Company an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards affecting public companies. The Company has elected to take advantage of this extended transition period, which means that the financial statements included in this report, as well as any financial statements filed in the future, will not be subject to all new or revised accounting standards generally applicable to public companies for the

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transition period for so long as the Company remains an emerging growth company or until the Company affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period under the JOBS Act.

Recent Developments

Acquisition of Metro Phoenix Bank

On July 1, 2022, the Company acquired MPB BHC, Inc. the bank holding company for Metro Phoenix Bank, headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona. The transaction included $270.4 million in loans and $353.7 million in deposits acquired from Metro Phoenix Bank.

Shareholder Dividend

On September 13, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.18 per common share. This dividend was paid out on October 14, 2022, to stockholders of record at the close of business on September 30, 2022.

Operating Results Overview

The following table summarizes key financial results as of and for the periods indicated:

Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30, 

June 30, 

September 30, 

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)

    

2022

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

    

Performance Ratios

 

 

 

 

 

Return on average total assets

 

1.02

%  

 

1.14

%  

 

1.62

%  

 

1.13

%  

 

1.71

%  

Return on average common equity

 

10.25

%  

 

11.93

%  

 

14.68

%  

 

11.27

%  

 

15.61

%  

Return on average tangible common equity (1)

 

13.89

%  

 

15.25

%  

 

18.13

%  

 

14.59

%  

 

19.44

%  

Noninterest income as a % of revenue

 

48.82

%  

 

56.20

%  

 

63.04

%  

 

54.08

%  

 

63.87

%  

Net interest margin (taxable-equivalent basis)

 

3.21

%  

 

2.98

%  

 

2.78

%  

 

3.02

%  

 

2.92

%  

Efficiency ratio (1)

 

74.76

%  

 

74.72

%  

 

71.49

%  

 

73.94

%  

 

69.69

%  

Average equity to average assets

 

9.95

%  

 

9.59

%  

 

11.07

%  

10.06

%  

10.97

%  

Net charge-offs/(recoveries) to average loans

0.07

%  

 

0.07

%  

 

(0.06)

%  

 

0.04

%  

 

0.01

%  

Dividend payout ratio

 

38.30

%  

34.62

%  

21.62

%  

33.33

%  

20.80

%  

Per Common Share

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings per common share - basic

$

0.48

$

0.53

$

0.75

$

1.58

$

2.29

Earnings per common share - diluted

$

0.47

$

0.52

$

0.74

$

1.56

$

2.26

Dividends declared per common share

$

0.18

$

0.18

$

0.16

$

0.52

$

0.47

Book value per common share

$

17.25

$

17.75

$

20.54

Tangible book value per common share (1)

$

13.76

$

14.93

$

17.46

Average common shares outstanding - basic

 

19,987

 

17,297

 

17,205

 

18,186

 

17,182

Average common shares outstanding - diluted

 

20,230

 

17,532

 

17,499

 

18,431

 

17,488

Other Data

 

 

 

 

Retirement and benefit services assets under administration/management

$

30,545,694

$

31,749,157

$

36,202,553

Wealth management assets under administration/management

$

3,435,786

$

4,147,763

$

3,865,062

Mortgage originations

$

229,901

$

269,397

$

415,792

$

686,060

$

1,479,243

(1)Represents a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP to GAAP Reconciliations and Calculation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

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Table of Contents

Selected Financial Data

The following tables summarize selected financial data as of and for the periods indicated:

Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30, 

June 30, 

September 30, 

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

Selected Average Balance Sheet Data

 

 

 

 

 

Loans

$

2,262,361

$

1,838,631

$

1,820,871

$

1,958,216

$

1,884,308

Investment securities

 

1,116,458

 

1,164,625

 

869,421

 

1,165,414

 

778,307

Assets

 

3,743,154

 

3,258,655

 

3,190,877

 

3,431,212

 

3,119,819

Deposits

 

2,995,071

 

2,740,417

 

2,720,047

 

2,851,425

 

2,671,344

Fed funds purchased

 

84,149

 

81,506

 

10

 

55,527

 

3

Short-term borrowings

168,750

9,615

60,073

Long-term debt

 

58,843

 

58,876

 

58,968

 

58,875

 

48,002

Stockholders’ equity

 

372,274

 

312,515

 

353,196

 

345,192

 

342,344

September 30, 

June 30, 

December 31, 

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2022

    

2021

    

2021

Selected Period End Balance Sheet Data

Loans

$

2,318,231

$

1,890,243

$

1,758,020

$

1,800,386

Allowance for loan losses

 

(30,968)

 

(31,373)

 

(31,572)

 

(32,066)

Investment securities

 

1,055,520

 

1,130,538

 

1,205,710

 

1,017,868

Assets

 

3,691,253

 

3,295,065

 

3,392,691

 

3,175,169

Deposits

 

2,961,811

 

2,619,550

 

2,920,551

 

2,713,088

Long-term debt

 

58,836

 

58,870

 

58,933

 

58,963

Total stockholders’ equity

 

344,839

 

307,158

 

359,403

 

353,195

Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30, 

June 30, 

September 30, 

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

Selected Income Statement Data

Net interest income

$

28,316

$

22,776

$

21,132

$

72,765

$

64,310

Provision for loan losses

 

 

 

(2,000)

 

 

(2,000)

Noninterest income

 

27,010

 

29,226

 

36,040

 

85,706

 

113,669

Noninterest expense

 

42,767

 

39,984

 

42,041

 

120,822

 

127,633

Income before income taxes

 

12,559

 

12,018

 

17,131

 

37,649

 

52,346

Income tax expense

 

2,940

 

2,725

 

4,064

 

8,553

 

12,370

Net income

$

9,619

$

9,293

$

13,067

$

29,096

$

39,976

Non-GAAP to GAAP Reconciliations and Calculation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to the results presented in accordance with GAAP, we routinely supplement our evaluation with an analysis of certain non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures include the ratio of tangible common equity to tangible assets, tangible book value per common share, return on average tangible common equity, net interest margin (tax-equivalent), and the efficiency ratio. Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures in its analysis of its performance, and believes financial analysts and others frequently use these measures, and other similar measures, to evaluate capital adequacy. Management calculates: (i) tangible common equity as total common stockholders' equity less goodwill and other intangible assets; (ii) tangible book value per common share as tangible common equity divided by shares of common stock outstanding; (iii) tangible assets as total assets, less goodwill and other intangible assets; (iv) return on average tangible common equity as net income adjusted for intangible amortization net of tax, divided by average tangible common equity; and (v) efficiency ratio as noninterest expense less intangible amortization expense, divided by net interest income plus noninterest income plus a tax-equivalent adjustment.

43

Table of Contents

The following tables present these non-GAAP financial measures along with the most directly comparable financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP for the periods indicated:

    

September 30, 

June 30, 

December 31, 

September 30, 

(dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)

    

2022

    

2022

    

2021

    

2021

    

Tangible common equity to tangible assets

 

  

 

Total common stockholders’ equity

$

344,839

$

307,158

$

359,403

$

353,195

Less: Goodwill

 

46,060

 

31,337

 

31,490

 

30,201

Less: Other intangible assets

 

23,779

 

17,511

 

20,250

 

22,593

Tangible common equity (a)

 

275,000

 

258,310

 

307,663

 

300,401

Total assets

 

3,691,253

 

3,295,065

 

3,392,691

 

3,175,169

Less: Goodwill

 

46,060

 

31,337

 

31,490

 

30,201

Less: Other intangible assets

 

23,779

 

17,511

 

20,250

 

22,593

Tangible assets (b)

 

3,621,414

 

3,246,217

 

3,340,951

 

3,122,375

Tangible common equity to tangible assets (a)/(b)

 

7.59

%  

 

7.96

%  

 

9.21

%  

 

9.62

%  

Tangible book value per common share

Total common stockholders’ equity

$

344,839

$

307,158

$

359,403

$

353,195

Less: Goodwill

46,060

31,337

31,490

30,201

Less: Other intangible assets

23,779

17,511

20,250

22,593

Tangible common equity (c)

275,000

258,310

307,663

300,401

Total common shares issued and outstanding (d)

19,987

17,306

 

17,213

 

17,208

Tangible book value per common share (c)/(d)

$

13.76

$

14.93

$

17.87

$

17.46

Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30, 

June 30, 

September 30, 

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)

    

2022

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

    

Return on average tangible common equity

Net income

$

9,619

$

9,293

$

13,067

$

29,096

$

39,976

Add: Intangible amortization expense (net of tax)

 

1,046

 

832

 

860

 

2,710

 

2,628

Net income, excluding intangible amortization (e)

 

10,665

 

10,125

 

13,927

 

31,806

 

42,604

Average total equity

 

372,274

 

312,515

 

353,196

 

345,192

 

342,344

Less: Average goodwill

 

48,141

 

31,488

 

30,201

 

37,101

 

30,201

Less: Average other intangible assets (net of tax)

 

19,466

 

14,737

 

18,272

 

16,605

 

19,124

Average tangible common equity (f)

 

304,667

 

266,290

 

304,723

 

291,486

 

293,019

Return on average tangible common equity (e)/(f)

 

13.89

%  

 

15.25

%  

 

18.13

%  

 

14.59

%  

 

19.44

%  

Efficiency ratio

 

 

 

 

 

Noninterest expense

$

42,767

$

39,984

$

42,041

$

120,822

$

127,633

Less: Intangible amortization expense

 

1,324

 

1,053

 

1,088

 

3,430

 

3,327

Adjusted noninterest expense (g)

 

41,443

 

38,931

 

40,953

 

117,392

 

124,306

Net interest income

 

28,316

 

22,776

 

21,132

 

72,765

 

64,310

Noninterest income

 

27,010

 

29,226

 

36,040

 

85,706

 

113,669

Tax-equivalent adjustment

 

112

 

100

 

115

 

306

 

392

Total tax-equivalent revenue (h)

 

55,438

 

52,102

 

57,287

 

158,777

 

178,371

Efficiency ratio (g)/(h)

 

74.76

%  

 

74.72

%  

 

71.49

%  

 

73.94

%  

 

69.69

%  

44

Table of Contents

Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations

Net Income

Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $9.6 million, or $0.47 per diluted common share, a $3.4 million, or 26.4%, decrease as compared to $13.1 million, or $0.74 per diluted common share, for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Net income decreased primarily due to a $9.0 million decrease in noninterest income and a $726 thousand increase in noninterest expense, partially offset by a $7.2 million increase in net interest.

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $29.1 million, or $1.56 per diluted common share, a $10.9 million, or 27.2%, decrease as compared to $40.0 million, or $2.26 per diluted common share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in net income was primarily driven by a $28.0 million decrease in noninterest income, partially offset by an $8.5 million increase in net interest income and a $6.8 million decrease in noninterest expense.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income is the difference between interest income and yield-related fees earned on assets and interest expense paid on liabilities. Net interest margin is the difference between the yield on interest earning assets and the cost of interest-bearing liabilities as a percentage of interest earning assets. Net interest margin is presented on a tax-equivalent basis, which means that tax-free interest income has been adjusted to a pre-tax-equivalent income, assuming a federal income tax rate of 21% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $28.3 million, a $7.2 million, or 34.0%, increase from $21.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Net interest income increased primarily due to a $9.8 million increase in interest income, due to a $6.5 million increase in interest income received from loans, the result of a $270.4 million increase in loans from the acquisition of Metro Phoenix Bank. Partially offsetting the increase of interest income was a $2.5 million increase in interest expense, primarily due to a $1.5 million increase in interest paid on short-term borrowings. Short-term borrowings increased primarily as a result of seasonally lower deposit balances.

Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $72.8 million, an increase of $8.5 million, or 13.1%, as compared to the $64.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Net interest income increased primarily due to an $8.8 million increase on interest income received from investment securities, partially offset by a $2.9 million increase in interest expense, driven by a $1.8 million increase in interest expense paid on short-term borrowings. Interest income received from investment securities increased, primarily due to an increase in the balance of investment securities available-for-sale. Interest expense paid on short-term borrowings increased primarily as a result of lower deposit balances.

Our net interest margin (on a fully tax-equivalent, or FTE, basis) for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was 3.21%, compared to 2.78% for the same period in 2021. Excluding the acquisition of Metro Phoenix Bank, net interest margin was 3.04% for the third quarter of 2022. Net interest margin increased primarily due to a 69 basis point increase in the yield on interest earning assets, partially offset by a 38 basis point increase in the yield on interest-bearing liabilities. The rate earned on interest earning assets increased primarily due to increases of 186 basis points on the rate earned on interest-bearing deposits with banks, and 102 basis points on the rate earned on Federal Reserve/FHLB stock. The increase in the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was primarily due to an increase of 371 basis points in fed funds purchased, the result of a rising interest rate environment as well as seasonally lower deposit balances. Additionally, we saw increases of $441.5 million in average total loans and $275.0 million in average total deposits. Excluding the acquisition of Metro Phoenix Bank, average total loans increased $160.3 million and average total deposits decreased $52.0 million.

Our net interest margin (on a FTE basis) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 3.02%, compared to 2.92% for the same period in 2021. Excluding the acquisition of Metro Phoenix Bank, net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 2.95%. The increase in net interest margin was primarily due to a 19 basis point

45

Table of Contents

increase on the interest earning asset yield, partially offset by a 15 basis point increase on the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The rate earned on interest earning assets increased primarily due to increases of 72 basis points on the rate earned on interest-bearing deposits with banks and 67 basis points earned on Federal Reserve/FHLB stock. The increase in the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was primarily driven by a 247 basis point increase in the interest rate paid on fed funds purchased.

As a result of the recent and expected increases in the target federal funds interest rate, we anticipate that our net interest income and net interest margin (on a FTE basis) will remain under pressure in future periods.

46

Table of Contents

The following tables present average balance sheet information, interest income, interest expense and the corresponding average yields on assets, average yields earned, and rates paid for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. We derived these yields and rates by dividing income or expense by the average balance of the corresponding assets or liabilities. We derived average balances from the daily balances throughout the periods indicated. Average loan balances include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual, while interest previously accrued on these loans is reversed against interest income. In these tables, adjustments are made to the yields on tax-exempt assets in order to present tax-exempt income and fully taxable income on a comparable basis.

Three months ended September 30, 

2022

2021

Interest

Average

Interest

Average

Average

Income/

Yield/

Average

Income/

Yield/

(dollars in thousands)

    

Balance

    

Expense

    

Rate

    

Balance

    

Expense

    

Rate

    

Interest Earning Assets

Interest-bearing deposits with banks

$

72,157

$

368

 

2.02

%  

$

281,768

$

114

 

0.16

%  

Investment securities (1)

 

1,116,458

 

6,204

 

2.20

%  

 

869,421

 

3,534

 

1.61

%  

Fed funds sold

21,893

131

2.37

%  

%  

Loans held for sale

 

27,032

 

282

 

4.14

%  

 

57,233

 

346

 

2.40

%  

Loans

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial:

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

Commercial and industrial

 

566,987

 

7,729

 

5.41

%  

 

544,811

 

6,803

 

4.95

%  

Real estate construction

 

70,545

 

996

 

5.60

%  

 

37,743

 

380

 

3.99

%  

Commercial real estate

 

807,505

 

8,279

 

4.07

%  

 

567,696

 

5,245

 

3.67

%  

Total commercial

 

1,445,037

 

17,004

 

4.67

%  

 

1,150,250

 

12,428

 

4.29

%  

Consumer

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

624,826

 

5,580

 

3.54

%  

 

487,699

 

4,077

 

3.32

%  

Residential real estate junior lien

 

140,664

 

1,918

 

5.41

%  

 

129,239

 

1,490

 

4.57

%  

Other revolving and installment

 

51,834

 

651

 

4.98

%  

 

53,683

 

602

 

4.45

%  

Total consumer

 

817,324

 

8,149

 

3.96

%  

 

670,621

 

6,169

 

3.65

%  

Total loans (1)

 

2,262,361

 

25,153

 

4.41

%  

 

1,820,871

 

18,597

 

4.05

%  

Federal Reserve/FHLB Stock

 

18,449

 

249

 

5.35

%  

 

6,505

 

71

 

4.33

%  

Total interest earning assets

 

3,518,350

32,387

 

3.65

%  

 

3,035,798

 

22,662

 

2.96

%  

Noninterest earning assets

224,804

155,079

Total assets

$

3,743,154

  

 

  

$

3,190,877

 

  

 

  

Interest-Bearing Liabilities

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Interest-bearing demand deposits

$

659,696

$

211

 

0.13

%  

$

692,873

$

240

 

0.14

%  

Money market and savings deposits

 

1,180,576

 

1,202

 

0.40

%  

 

1,009,564

 

365

 

0.14

%  

Time deposits

 

234,459

 

439

 

0.74

%  

 

217,756

 

275

 

0.50

%  

Fed funds purchased

 

84,149

 

787

 

3.71

%  

 

10

 

 

%  

Short-term borrowings

168,750

 

729

 

1.71

%  

 

 

 

%  

Long-term debt

 

58,843

 

591

 

3.98

%  

 

58,968

 

535

 

3.60

%  

Total interest-bearing liabilities

 

2,386,473

 

3,959

 

0.66

%  

 

1,979,171

 

1,415

 

0.28

%  

Noninterest-Bearing Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

 

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

Noninterest-bearing deposits

 

920,340

 

  

 

799,854

 

  

 

  

Other noninterest-bearing liabilities

 

64,067

 

  

 

58,656

 

  

 

  

Stockholders’ equity

 

372,274

 

  

 

353,196

 

  

 

  

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

3,743,154

 

  

$

3,190,877

 

  

 

  

Net interest income

$

28,428

 

  

 

  

$

21,247

 

  

Net interest rate spread

 

 

2.99

%  

 

  

 

  

 

2.68

%  

Net interest margin on FTE basis (1)

 

 

3.21

%  

 

  

 

  

 

2.78

%  

(1)Taxable equivalent adjustment was calculated utilizing a marginal income tax rate of 21.0 percent.

47

Table of Contents

Nine months ended September 30, 

2022

2021

   

   

Interest

   

Average

   

   

Interest

   

Average

Average

Income/

Yield/

Average

Income/

Yield/

(dollars in thousands)

Balance

Expense

Rate

Balance

Expense

Rate

Interest Earning Assets

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

Interest-bearing deposits with banks

$

68,811

$

442

0.86

%

$

219,636

$

227

0.14

%

Investment securities (1)

 

1,165,414

 

18,255

2.09

%

 

778,307

 

9,425

1.62

%

Fed funds sold

7,378

131

2.37

%

%

Loans held for sale

 

27,864

 

689

3.31

%

 

70,218

 

1,180

2.25

%

Loans

 

  

 

  

  

 

  

 

  

  

Commercial:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

 

488,771

 

17,797

4.87

%

 

615,310

 

21,780

4.73

%

Real estate construction

 

52,212

 

1,839

4.71

%

 

41,812

 

1,304

4.17

%

Commercial real estate

 

670,854

 

19,378

3.86

%

 

565,861

 

15,744

3.72

%

Total commercial

 

1,211,837

 

39,014

4.30

%

 

1,222,983

 

38,828

4.24

%

Consumer

 

  

 

  

  

 

  

 

  

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

561,261

 

14,472

3.45

%

 

468,395

 

12,371

3.53

%

Residential real estate junior lien

 

132,968

 

4,829

4.86

%

 

132,145

 

4,619

4.67

%

Other revolving and installment

 

52,150

 

1,791

4.59

%

 

60,785

 

1,989

4.37

%

Total consumer

 

746,379

 

21,092

3.78

%

 

661,325

 

18,979

3.84

%

Total loans (1)

 

1,958,216

 

60,106

4.10

%

 

1,884,308

 

57,807

4.10

%

Federal Reserve/FHLB Stock

 

11,877

 

448

5.04

%

 

6,273

 

205

4.37

%

Total interest earning assets

 

3,239,560

 

80,071

3.30

%

 

2,958,742

 

68,844

3.11

%

Noninterest earning assets

191,652

161,077

Total assets

$

3,431,212

 

  

  

$

3,119,819

 

  

  

Interest-Bearing Liabilities

 

  

 

  

  

 

  

 

  

  

Interest-bearing demand deposits

$

692,310

$

637

0.12

%

$

678,015

$

740

0.15

%

Money market and savings deposits

 

1,089,137

 

1,943

0.24

%

 

1,018,347

 

1,131

0.15

%

Time deposits

 

224,603

 

914

0.54

%

 

212,297

 

910

0.57

%

Fed funds purchased

 

55,527

 

1,027

2.47

%

 

3

 

%

Short-term borrowings

60,073

 

767

1.71

%

 

 

%

Long-term debt

 

58,875

 

1,712

3.89

%

 

48,002

 

1,361

3.79

%

Total interest-bearing liabilities 

 

2,180,525

 

7,000

0.43

%

 

1,956,664

 

4,142

0.28

%

Noninterest-Bearing Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

 

 

  

  

 

 

  

  

Noninterest-bearing deposits

845,375

 

  

  

 

762,685

Other noninterest-bearing liabilities

 

60,120

 

  

  

 

58,126

 

  

  

Stockholders’ equity

 

345,192

 

  

  

 

342,344

 

  

  

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

3,431,212

 

  

  

$

3,119,819

 

  

  

Net interest income

 

  

$

73,071

  

 

  

$

64,702

  

Net interest rate spread

 

  

 

  

2.87

%

 

  

 

  

2.83

%

Net interest margin on FTE basis (1)

 

  

 

  

3.02

%

 

  

 

  

2.92

%

(1)Taxable equivalent adjustment was calculated utilizing a marginal income tax rate of 21.0 percent.

Interest Rates and Operating Interest Differential

Increases and decreases in interest income and interest expense result from changes in average balances (volume) of interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as changes in average interest rates. The following table shows the effect that these factors had on the interest earned on our interest earning assets and the interest incurred on our interest-bearing liabilities. The effect of changes in volume is determined by multiplying the

48

Table of Contents

change in volume by the previous period’s average rate. Similarly, the effect of rate changes is calculated by multiplying the change in average rate by the previous period’s volume.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

Nine months ended September 30, 2022

Compared with

Compared with

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

Nine months ended September 30, 2021

Change due to:

Interest

Change due to:

Interest

(tax-equivalent basis, dollars in thousands)

    

Volume

    

Rate

    

Variance

    

Volume

    

Rate

    

Variance

Interest earning assets

 

  

 

  

 

  

Interest-bearing deposits with banks

$

(85)

$

339

$

254

$

(158)

$

373

$

215

Investment securities

 

1,002

 

1,668

 

2,670

 

4,690

 

4,140

 

8,830

Loans held for sale

 

(183)

 

119

 

(64)

 

(713)

 

222

 

(491)

Loans

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

 

277

 

649

 

926

 

(4,477)

 

494

 

(3,983)

Real estate construction

 

330

 

286

 

616

 

324

 

211

 

535

Commercial real estate

 

2,218

 

816

 

3,034

 

2,921

 

713

 

3,634

Total commercial

 

2,825

 

1,751

 

4,576

 

(1,232)

 

1,418

 

186

Consumer

 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

1,148

 

355

 

1,503

 

2,452

 

(351)

 

2,101

Residential real estate junior lien

 

132

 

296

 

428

 

29

 

181

 

210

Other revolving and installment

 

(21)

 

70

 

49

 

(282)

 

84

 

(198)

Total consumer

 

1,259

 

721

 

1,980

 

2,199

 

(86)

 

2,113

Total loans

 

4,084

 

2,472

 

6,556

 

967

 

1,332

 

2,299

Federal Reserve/FHLB Stock

 

130

 

48

 

178

 

183

 

60

 

243

Total interest income

 

4,948

 

4,646

 

9,594

 

4,969

 

6,127

 

11,096

Interest-bearing liabilities

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Interest-bearing demand deposits

 

(12)

 

(17)

 

(29)

 

16

 

(119)

 

(103)

Money market and savings deposits

 

60

 

777

 

837

 

79

 

733

 

812

Time deposits

 

21

 

143

 

164

 

52

 

(48)

 

4

Short-term borrowings

 

 

787

 

787

 

 

1,027

 

1,027

Long-term debt

 

(1)

 

57

 

56

 

308

 

43

 

351

Total interest expense

 

68

 

1,747

 

1,815

 

455

 

1,636

 

2,091

Change in net interest income

$

4,880

$

2,899

$

7,779

$

4,514

$

4,491

$

9,005

Provision for Loan Losses

The provision for loan losses is based upon our allowance methodology and is a charge to income that, in our judgment, is required to maintain an adequate allowance for incurred loan losses at each period-end. In assessing the adequacy of the allowance, management considers the size and quality of the loan portfolio measured against prevailing economic conditions, regulatory guidelines, and historical loan loss experience. However, there is no assurance that loan credit losses will not exceed the allowance, and any growth in the loan portfolio and the uncertainty of the general economy may require additional provisions in future periods.

There was no provision expense recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. This was compared to a $2.0 million reversal of provision expense recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Although management saw increases in overall loan volume, based on the reduction of previous adjustments for pandemic related qualitative factors, management concluded no need for additional provision.

Noninterest Income

Our noninterest income is generated from four primary sources: (1) retirement and benefit services; (2) wealth management; (3) mortgage banking; and (4) other general banking services.

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The following table presents our noninterest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

    

Retirement and benefit services

$

16,597

$

18,031

$

50,536

$

53,157

Wealth management

 

4,852

 

5,295

 

15,726

 

15,419

Mortgage banking

 

3,782

 

11,116

 

14,751

 

40,535

Service charges on deposit accounts

 

377

 

357

 

1,152

 

1,025

Net gains (losses) on investment securities

 

 

11

 

 

125

Other

 

1,402

 

1,230

 

3,541

 

3,408

Total noninterest income

$

27,010

$

36,040

$

85,706

$

113,669

Noninterest income as a % of revenue

48.82

%  

63.04

%  

54.08

%  

63.87

%  

Total noninterest income for the three months ended September 30, 2022, was $27.0 million, a decrease of $9 million, or 25.1%, compared to $36.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The year over year decrease was primarily driven by decreases of $7.3 million in mortgage banking revenue, $1.4 million in retirement and benefit services revenue and $443 thousand in wealth management revenue. Mortgage banking revenue decreased primarily due to a $185.9 million, or 44.7%, decrease in mortgage originations, a result of the rising interest rate environment, and a 94 basis point decrease in the gain on sale margin. Retirement and benefit services revenue decreased primarily due to a $1.5 billion, or 21.5%, decrease in asset-based fees, the result of a $5.6 billion, or 15.6%, decrease in assets under administration/management. Wealth management revenue decreased primarily as a result of a $429.3 million decrease in assets under management, the result of an overall market value decrease.

Total noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was $85.7 million, a $28.0 million, or 24.6%, decrease compared to $113.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in noninterest income was primarily driven by decreases of $25.8 million in mortgage banking revenue and $2.6 million in retirement and benefit services revenue, partially offset by a $307 thousand increase in wealth management revenue. Mortgage banking revenue decreased primarily due to a $793.2 million, or 53.6%, decrease in mortgage originations. Retirement and benefit services revenue decreased primarily due to a $2.6 million, or 12.5%, decrease in asset-based fees the result of the decrease in assets under administration/management. Wealth management revenue increased primarily due to a $469 thousand increase in blueprint fees.

We anticipate that our noninterest income will be significantly adversely affected in future periods as a result of increasing interest rates and inflationary pressure, which has begun to and will continue to adversely affect mortgage originations and mortgage banking revenue.

Noninterest income as a percentage of total operating revenue, which consists of net interest income plus noninterest income, was 48.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to 63.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was due to noninterest income decreasing 25.1%, while net interest income increased 34.0%.

Noninterest income as a percentage of total operating revenue was 54.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to 63.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was due to noninterest income decreasing 24.6%, while net interest income increased 13.1%.

See “NOTE 16 Segment Reporting” for additional discussion regarding our business lines.

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Noninterest Expense

The following table presents noninterest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

Compensation

$

21,168

$

23,291

$

61,467

$

71,298

Employee taxes and benefits

 

5,079

 

5,058

 

17,028

 

16,443

Occupancy and equipment expense

 

1,925

 

2,063

 

5,713

 

6,212

Business services, software and technology expense

 

5,373

 

5,332

 

15,082

 

15,266

Intangible amortization expense

 

1,324

 

1,088

 

3,430

 

3,327

Professional fees and assessments

3,126

 

1,503

 

6,913

 

4,484

Marketing and business development

890

 

865

 

2,304

 

2,310

Supplies and postage

588

 

549

 

1,806

 

1,583

Travel

291

 

174

 

826

 

236

Mortgage and lending expenses

409

 

1,231

 

1,577

 

3,762

Other

 

2,594

 

887

 

4,676

 

2,712

Total noninterest expense

$

42,767

$

42,041

$

120,822

$

127,633

Total noninterest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $42.8 million, a $726 thousand, or 1.7%, increase compared to $42.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021. The year over year increase in noninterest expense was primarily driven by increases of $1.7 million in other noninterest expense and $1.6 million in professional fees and assessments, partially offset by a $2.1 million decrease in compensation expense. Other noninterest expense increased primarily due to an $841 thousand increase in the provision for unused commitments, the result of new business generated within our real estate construction loans. Professional fees and assessments increased primarily due to a $1.8 million increase in merger and acquisition expenses associated with the acquisition of Metro Phoenix Bank. The year over year decrease in mortgage originations drove the overall decrease in compensation expense in the third quarter of 2022.

Total noninterest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was $120.8 million, a $6.8 million, or 5.3%, decrease compared to $127.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in noninterest income was primarily due to decreases of $9.8 million in compensation expense and $2.2 million in mortgage and lending expenses, partially offset by a $2.4 million increase in professional fees and assessments. Both compensation expenses and mortgage and lending expenses decreased as a result of the decrease in mortgage originations. Professional fees and assessments increased primarily due to the $1.8 million increase in merger and acquisition expenses associated with the acquisition of Metro Phoenix Bank.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense is an estimate based on the amount we expect to owe the respective taxing authorities, plus the impact of deferred tax items. Accrued taxes represent the net estimated amount due, or to be received from, taxing authorities. In estimating accrued taxes, management assesses the relative merits and risks of the appropriate tax treatment of transactions, taking into account statutory, judicial, and regulatory guidance in the context of our tax position. If the final resolution of taxes payable differs from our estimates due to regulatory determination or legislative or judicial actions, adjustments to tax expense may be required.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized income tax expense of $2.9 million on $12.6 million of pre-tax income, resulting in an effective tax rate of 23.3%, compared to income tax expense of $4.1 million on $17.1 million of pre-tax income for the three months ended September 30, 2021, resulting in an effective tax rate of 23.7%.

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized income tax expense of $8.6 million on $37.6 million of pre-tax income, resulting in an effective tax rate of 22.7%, compared to income tax expense of $12.4 million on $52.3 million of pre-tax income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, resulting in an effective tax rate of 23.7%.

Financial Condition

Overview

Total assets were $3.7 billion as of September 30, 2022, an increase of $298.6 million, or 8.8%, as compared to December 31, 2021. The overall increase in total assets included an increase of $560.2 million in loans held for investment, partially offset by decreases of $188.1 million in cash and cash equivalents and $150.2 million in investment securities.

Loans

The loan portfolio represents a broad range of borrowers comprised of commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, residential real estate, and consumer loans. The goal of the overall portfolio mix is to diversify with approximately one third of the portfolio in each of the commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, and residential real estate categories. As of September 30, 2022, the portfolio mix was 24.4% commercial and industrial, 35.4% commercial real estate, 34.2% residential real estate and 6.0% in other categories.

The following table presents the composition of total loans outstanding by portfolio segment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

Percent of

Percent of

Change

(dollars in thousands)

Balance

    

Portfolio

    

Balance

    

Portfolio

    

    

Amount

    

Percent

    

Commercial

    

 

 

 

 

 

Commercial and industrial (1)

 

$

564,655

24.4

%  

$

436,761

24.8

%  

$

127,894

29.3

%  

Real estate construction

 

89,215

3.8

%  

 

40,619

2.3

%  

 

48,596

119.6

%  

Commercial real estate

 

819,068

35.4

%  

 

598,893

34.1

%  

 

220,175

36.8

%  

Total commercial

 

1,472,938

63.6

%  

 

1,076,273

61.2

%  

 

396,665

36.9

%  

Consumer

 

 

 

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

649,818

28.0

%  

 

510,716

29.1

%  

 

139,102

27.2

%  

Residential real estate junior lien

 

143,681

6.2

%  

 

125,668

7.1

%  

 

18,013

14.3

%  

Other revolving and installment

 

51,794

2.2

%  

 

45,363

2.6

%  

 

6,431

14.2

%  

Total consumer

 

845,293

36.4

%  

 

681,747

38.8

%  

 

163,546

24.0

%  

Total loans

$

2,318,231

100.0

%  

$

1,758,020

100.0

%  

$

560,211

31.9

%  

(1)Included PPP loans of $2.9 million at September 30, 2022 and $33.6 million at December 31, 2021.

Total loans outstanding were $2.3 billion as of September 30, 2022, an increase of $560.2 million, or 31.9%, from December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to increases of $270.4 million in total loans acquired from Metro Phoenix Bank and $289.8 million in organic loan growth. Excluding loans acquired from Metro Phoenix Bank, the increases in organic loan growth included increases of $119.5 million in residential real estate first mortgages, $91.9 million in commercial real estate loans and $31.3 million in commercial and industrial loans. Excluding the loans acquired from Metro Phoenix Bank and PPP loans, commercial and industrial loans increased $62.0 million.

We anticipate that loan growth will slow down in future periods for our commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, residential real estate, and consumer loan portfolios as a result of the increasing interest rate environment and competition in our market areas.

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The following table presents the maturities and types of interest rates for the loan portfolio as of September 30, 2022:

September 30, 2022

After one

After five

One year

but within

but within

After

(dollars in thousands)

    

or less

    

five years

    

fifteen years

fifteen years

    

Total

Commercial

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

152,109

$

233,223

$

178,413

$

910

$

564,655

Real estate construction

 

47,538

 

31,473

 

8,582

 

1,622

 

89,215

Commercial real estate

 

23,752

 

304,615

 

441,000

 

49,701

 

819,068

Total commercial

 

223,399

 

569,311

 

627,995

 

52,233

 

1,472,938

Consumer

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

11,148

 

25,405

 

55,687

 

557,578

 

649,818

Residential real estate junior lien

 

9,618

 

23,722

 

33,729

 

76,612

 

143,681

Other revolving and installment

 

10,116

 

39,289

 

2,389

 

 

51,794

Total consumer

 

30,882

 

88,416

 

91,805

 

634,190

 

845,293

Total loans

$

254,281

$

657,727

$

719,800

$

686,423

$

2,318,231

Loans with fixed interest rates:

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

13,402

$

201,315

$

72,359

$

119

$

287,195

Real estate construction

 

28,411

 

12,346

 

5,262

 

 

46,019

Commercial real estate

 

20,601

 

226,380

 

245,213

 

13,755

 

505,949

Total commercial

 

62,414

 

440,041

 

322,834

 

13,874

 

839,163

Consumer

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

4,927

 

19,797

 

42,871

 

373,297

 

440,892

Residential real estate junior lien

 

2,529

 

6,571

 

12,897

 

4,417

 

26,414

Other revolving and installment

 

1,955

 

24,908

 

2,389

 

 

29,252

Total consumer

 

9,411

 

51,276

 

58,157

 

377,714

 

496,558

Total loans with fixed interest rates

$

71,825

$

491,317

$

380,991

$

391,588

$

1,335,721

Loans with floating interest rates:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

138,707

$

31,908

$

106,054

$

791

$

277,460

Real estate construction

 

19,127

 

19,127

 

3,320

 

1,622

 

43,196

Commercial real estate

 

3,151

 

78,235

 

195,787

 

35,946

 

313,119

Total commercial

 

160,985

 

129,270

 

305,161

 

38,359

 

633,775

Consumer

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

6,221

 

5,608

 

12,816

 

184,281

 

208,926

Residential real estate junior lien

 

7,089

 

17,151

 

20,832

 

72,195

 

117,267

Other revolving and installment

 

8,161

 

14,381

 

 

 

22,542

Total consumer

 

21,471

 

37,140

 

33,648

 

256,476

 

348,735

Total loans with floating interest rates

$

182,456

$

166,410

$

338,809

$

294,835

$

982,510

The expected life of our loan portfolio will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to curtail or prepay their loans with or without penalties. Consequently, the table above includes information limited to contractual maturities of the underlying loans.

Asset Quality

Our strategy for credit risk management includes well-defined, centralized credit policies; uniform underwriting criteria; and ongoing risk monitoring and review processes for all commercial and consumer credit exposures. The strategy also emphasizes diversification on a geographic, industry, and client level; regular credit examinations; and management reviews of loans experiencing deterioration of credit quality. We strive to identify potential problem loans early, take necessary charge-offs promptly, and maintain adequate reserve levels for probable loan losses inherent in the portfolio. Management performs ongoing, internal reviews of any problem credits and continually assesses the adequacy of the allowance. We utilize an internal lending division, Special Credit Services, to develop and implement strategies for the management of individual nonperforming loans.

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Table of Contents

Credit Quality Indicators

Loans are assigned a risk rating and grouped into categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The risk ratings are aligned to pass and criticized categories. The criticized categories include special mention, substandard, and doubtful risk ratings. See “NOTE 5 Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses” to the consolidated financial statements for a definition of each of the risk ratings.

The table below presents criticized loans outstanding by loan portfolio segment as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

September 30, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

    

Commercial

 

  

Commercial and industrial

$

5,008

$

6,526

Real estate construction

 

Commercial real estate

 

9,158

13,602

Total commercial

 

14,166

20,128

Consumer

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

2,301

341

Residential real estate junior lien

 

675

770

Other revolving and installment

8

Total consumer

 

2,984

1,111

Total loans

$

17,150

$

21,239

Criticized loans as a percent of total loans

0.74

%

1.21

%

The following table presents information regarding nonperforming assets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

September 30, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

    

Nonaccrual loans

 

$

4,303

 

$

2,076

 

Accruing loans 90+ days past due

 

1,000

 

121

 

Total nonperforming loans

5,303

2,197

OREO and repossessed assets

 

904

 

885

Total nonperforming assets

6,207

3,082

Total restructured accruing loans

355

676

Total nonperforming assets and restructured accruing loans

$

6,562

$

3,758

Nonperforming loans to total loans

 

0.23

%

 

0.12

%

Nonperforming assets to total assets

 

0.17

%

 

0.09

%

Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans

 

584

%

 

1,437

%

Interest income lost on nonaccrual loans approximated $65 thousand and $85 thousand for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. There was no interest income included in net interest income related to nonaccrual loans for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Interest income lost on nonaccrual loans approximated $172 thousand and $197 thousand for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. There was no interest income included in net interest income related to nonaccrual loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of incurred credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level management believes is sufficient to absorb incurred losses in the loan portfolio given the conditions at the time. Management determines the

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adequacy of the allowance based on periodic evaluations of the loan portfolio, after consideration of risk characteristics of the loans and prevailing and anticipated economic and other conditions. A risk system, consisting of multiple grading categories for each portfolio class, is utilized as an analytical tool to assess risk and appropriate reserves. In addition to the risk system, management further evaluates risk characteristics of the loan portfolio under current and anticipated economic conditions and considers such factors as the financial condition of the borrower, past and expected loss experience, and other factors which management feels deserve recognition in establishing an appropriate reserve. These estimates are reviewed at least quarterly, and, as adjustments become necessary, they are recognized in the periods in which they become known. These evaluations are inherently subjective as they require management to make material estimates, all of which may be susceptible to significant change.

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Table of Contents

The following table presents, by loan type, the changes in the allowance for loan losses for the periods presented:

Three months ended

Nine months ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

    

2022

    

2021

    

Balance—beginning of period

$

31,373

$

33,764

$

31,572

$

34,246

Commercial loan charge-offs

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and Industrial

 

(672)

 

(747)

 

(1,336)

 

(1,224)

Real estate construction

 

 

 

 

Commercial real estate

 

 

 

 

(536)

Total commercial loan charge-offs

 

(672)

 

(747)

 

(1,336)

 

(1,760)

Consumer loan charge-offs

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

 

 

 

Residential real estate junior lien

 

 

 

 

Other revolving and installment

 

(75)

 

(46)

 

(130)

 

(139)

Total consumer loan charge-offs

 

(75)

 

(46)

 

(130)

 

(139)

Total loan charge-offs

 

(747)

 

(793)

 

(1,466)

 

(1,899)

Commercial loan recoveries

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and Industrial

 

105

 

1,052

 

321

 

1,497

Real estate construction

 

76

 

 

76

 

Commercial real estate

 

101

 

 

123

 

4

Total commercial recoveries

 

282

 

1,052

 

520

 

1,501

Consumer loan recoveries

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

 

 

 

Residential real estate junior lien

 

7

 

16

 

221

 

113

Other revolving and installment

 

53

 

27

 

121

 

105

Total consumer loan recoveries

 

60

 

43

 

342

 

218

Total loan recoveries

 

342

 

1,095

 

862

 

1,719

Net loan charge-offs (recoveries)

 

405

 

(302)

 

604

 

180

Commercial loan provision

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Commercial and Industrial

 

(845)

 

(825)

 

1,011

 

(1,378)

Real estate construction

 

378

 

92

 

473

 

21

Commercial real estate

 

1,335

 

(413)

 

(229)

 

(1,049)

Total commercial loan provision

 

868

 

(1,146)

 

1,255

 

(2,406)

Consumer loan provision

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

(584)

 

625

 

(941)

 

1,027

Residential real estate junior lien

 

(109)

 

6

 

(151)

 

(63)

Other revolving and installment

 

(75)

 

(32)

 

65

 

(196)

Total consumer loan provision

 

(768)

 

599

 

(1,027)

 

768

Unallocated provision expense

 

(100)

 

(1,453)

 

(228)

 

(362)

Total loan loss provision

 

 

(2,000)

 

 

(2,000)

Balance—end of period

$

30,968

$

32,066

$

30,968

$

32,066

Total loans

$

2,318,231

$

1,800,386

$

2,318,231

$

1,800,386

Average total loans

2,262,361

1,820,871

1,958,216

1,884,308

Allowance for loan losses to total loans

 

1.34

%  

 

1.78

%  

 

1.34

%  

 

1.78

%  

Net charge-offs/(recoveries) to average total loans (annualized)

 

0.07

%  

 

(0.06)

%  

 

0.04

%  

 

0.01

%  

The allowance for loan losses was $31.0 million as of September 30, 2022, compared to $31.6 million as of December 31, 2021. The $604 thousand increase was the result of $1.5 million in total charge-offs and no additional provision expense, partially offset by $862 thousand in recoveries. As of September 30, 2022, the allowance for loan losses represented 1.34% of total loans. Excluding the acquisition of loans from Metro Phoenix Bank the allowance for loans losses represented 1.51% of total loans.

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The following table presents the allocation of the allowance for loan losses as of the dates presented:

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

Percentage

Percentage

Allocated

of loans to

Allocated

of loans to

(dollars in thousands)

    

Allowance

    

total loans

    

Allowance

    

total loans

Commercial and industrial

$

8,921

24.4

%

$

8,925

24.8

%

Real estate construction

 

1,332

3.8

%

 

783

2.3

%

Commercial real estate

 

12,270

35.4

%

 

12,376

34.1

%

Residential real estate first mortgage

 

5,591

28.0

%

 

6,532

29.1

%

Residential real estate junior lien

 

1,365

6.2

%

 

1,295

7.1

%

Other revolving and installment

 

537

2.2

%

 

481

2.6

%

Unallocated

 

952

%

 

1,180

%

Total loans

$

30,968

100.0

%

$

31,572

100.0

%

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into commitments to extend credit, including commitments under credit arrangements, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. A reserve for unfunded commitments is established using historical loss data and utilization assumptions. This reserve is located in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The reserve for unfunded commitments was $2.9 million as of September 30, 2022.

Investment Securities

The composition of our investment securities portfolio reflects our investment strategy of maintaining an appropriate level of liquidity for normal operations while providing an additional source of revenue. The investment portfolio also provides a balance to interest rate risk and credit risk in other categories of the balance sheet, while providing a vehicle for the investment of available funds, furnishing liquidity, and supplying securities to pledge as collateral.

The following table presents the fair value composition of our investment securities portfolio as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

    

September 30, 2022

    

December 31, 2021

    

Percent of

Percent of

(dollars in thousands)

    

Balance

    

Portfolio

    

Balance

    

Portfolio

    

Available-for-sale

 

U.S. Treasury and agencies

$

3,833

0.4

%  

$

5,103

0.4

%  

Mortgage backed securities

Residential agency

596,989

56.5

%  

707,157

58.7

%  

Commercial

65,283

6.2

%  

90,913

7.5

%  

Asset backed securities

35

%  

54

%  

Corporate bonds

62,970

6.0

%  

50,422

4.2

%  

Total available-for-sale investment securities

 

729,110

69.1

%  

 

853,649

70.8

%  

Held-to-maturity

Obligations of state and political agencies

 

138,664

13.1

%  

 

144,543

12.0

%  

Mortgage backed securities

Residential agency

187,746

17.8

%

207,518

17.2

%  

Total held-to-maturity investment securities

326,410

30.9

%  

352,061

29.2

%  

Total investment securities

$

1,055,520

100.0

%  

$

1,205,710

100.0

%  

The investment securities presented in the following table are reported at fair value and by contractual maturity as of September 30, 2022. Actual timing may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Additionally, residential mortgage backed securities and

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collateralized mortgage obligations receive monthly principal payments, which are not reflected below. The yields below are calculated on a tax-equivalent basis.

Maturity as of September 30, 2022

 

One year or less

One to five years

Five to ten years

After ten years

 

    

Fair

    

Average

    

Fair

    

Average

    

Fair

    

Average

    

Fair

    

Average

 

(dollars in thousands)

Value

Yield

Value

Yield

Value

Yield

Value

Yield

 

Available-for-sale

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

U.S. Treasury and agencies

$

 

%  

$

 

%  

$

1,370

 

3.01

%  

$

2,463

 

2.19

%

Mortgage backed securities

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential agency

 

11

 

3.92

%  

 

2,963

 

2.42

%  

 

9,401

 

2.49

%  

 

584,614

 

1.78

%

Commercial

 

 

%  

 

16,994

 

2.77

%  

 

7,828

 

2.82

%  

 

40,461

 

2.50

%

Asset backed securities

 

 

%  

 

 

%  

 

11

 

5.45

%  

 

24

 

5.25

%

Corporate bonds

 

 

%  

 

 

%  

 

62,970

 

3.86

%  

 

 

%

Total available-for-sale investment securities

11

 

3.92

%  

19,957

 

2.72

%  

81,580

 

3.59

%  

627,562

 

1.83

%

Held-to-maturity

Obligations of state and political agencies

6,742

1.22

%  

37,102

1.13

%  

58,557

1.90

%  

17,427

2.21

%

Mortgage backed securities

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Residential agency

 

 

%  

 

 

%  

 

 

%  

 

153,478

 

2.12

%

Total held-to-maturity investment securities

6,742

1.22

%  

37,102

1.13

%  

58,557

1.90

%  

170,905

2.13

%

Total investment securities

$

6,753

1.23

%  

$

57,059

1.69

%  

$

140,137

2.88

%  

$

798,467

1.89

%

Deposits

Total deposits were $3.0 billion as of September 30, 2022, an increase of $41.3 million, or 1.4%, from December 31, 2021. Interest-bearing deposits increased $74.9 million while noninterest-bearing deposits decreased $33.6 million. The increase in total deposits was primarily due to a $353.7 million increase in deposits acquired from Metro Phoenix Bank. Excluding deposits acquired from Metro Phoenix Bank, deposits decreased $312.4 million, or 10.7%. The decrease was primarily driven by decreases of $129.8 million in noninterest-bearing deposits, $80.0 million in interest-bearing demand deposits, and $59.3 million in time deposits. Noninterest-bearing deposits decreased primarily due to a decrease in synergistic deposits. The decrease in interest-bearing demand deposits was the result of seasonally lower balances in public deposits. Time deposits decreased due to clients shifting balances to more liquid accounts. Synergistic deposits decreased $35.5 million from December 31, 2021 primarily due to year-end seasonally higher temporary balances from retirement plan terminations. Excluding synergistic deposits, commercial transaction deposits increased $103.8 million, or 8.2%, primarily due to the acquisition of Metro Phoenix Bank.

The following table presents the composition of our deposit portfolio as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

    

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

Percent of

Percent of

Change

(dollars in thousands)

    

Balance

    

Portfolio

    

Balance

    

Portfolio

    

Amount

    

Percent

    

Noninterest-bearing demand

$

905,228

30.5

%

$

938,840

32.1

%

$

(33,612)

(3.6)

%

Interest-bearing demand

 

653,216

22.1

%

 

714,669

24.5

%

 

(61,453)

(8.6)

%

Money market and savings

 

1,181,340

39.9

%

 

1,034,130

35.4

%

 

147,210

14.2

%

Time deposits

 

222,027

7.5

%

 

232,912

8.0

%

 

(10,885)

(4.7)

%

Total deposits

$

2,961,811

100.0

%

$

2,920,551

100.0

%

$

41,260

1.4

%

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The following table presents the average balances and rates of our deposit portfolio for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:

Three months ended September 30, 

2022

2021

Average

Average

Average

Average

(dollars in thousands)

    

Balance

    

Rate

    

Balance

    

Rate

    

Noninterest-bearing demand

$

845,375

%

$

799,854

%

Interest-bearing demand

692,310

0.13

%

692,873

0.14

%

Money market and savings

1,089,137

0.40

%

1,009,564

0.14

%

Time deposits

224,603

0.74

%

217,756

0.50

%

Total deposits

$

2,851,425

0.25

%

$

2,720,047

0.13

%

The following table presents the contractual maturity of time deposits, including certificate of deposit account registry services and IRA deposits of $250 thousand and over, that were outstanding, as of September 30, 2022:

September 30, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

Maturing in:

 

  

3 months or less

$

29,645

3 months to 6 months

 

24,627

6 months to 1 year

 

3,930

1 year or greater

 

2,787

Total

$

60,989

Borrowings

Borrowings as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

Percent of

Percent of

(dollars in thousands)

    

Balance

    

Portfolio

    

Balance

    

Portfolio

    

Fed funds purchased

 

$

53,830

 

17.2

%

$

%

FHLB Short-term advances

200,000

64.0

%

%

Subordinated notes

50,000

16.0

%

50,000

84.9

%

Junior subordinated debentures

 

8,815

2.8

%

8,730

14.8

%

Finance lease liability

21

%

203

0.3

%

Total borrowed funds

$

312,666

100.0

%

$

58,933

100.0

%

Capital Resources

Stockholders' equity is influenced primarily by earnings, dividends, the Company's sales and repurchases of its common stock and changes in accumulated other comprehensive income caused primarily by fluctuations in unrealized gains or losses, net of taxes, on available-for-sale securities.

Stockholders' equity decreased $14.6 million, or 4.1%, to $344.8 million as of September 30, 2022, compared to $359.4 million as of December 31, 2021, primarily due to a $98.7 million increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss, attributable to rising interest rates, which resulted in a lower fair value in our investment securities available-for-sale, partially offset by a $61.8 million increase in our additional paid-in capital as a result of the of Metro Phoenix Bank acquisition. Tangible common equity to tangible assets, a non-GAAP financial measure, decreased to 7.59% as of September 30, 2022, from 9.21% as of December 31, 2021. Common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets decreased to 13.63% as of September 30, 2022, from 14.65% as of December 31, 2021.

We strive to maintain an adequate capital base to support our activities in a safe and sound manner while at the same time attempting to maximize stockholder value. Capital adequacy is assessed against the risk inherent in our

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balance sheet, recognizing that unexpected loss is the common denominator of risk, and that common equity has the greatest capacity to absorb unexpected loss.

We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements both at the Company and at the Bank level. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements could result in certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have an adverse material effect on our financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, specific capital guidelines must be met that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting policies. We have consistently maintained regulatory capital ratios at or above the well-capitalized standards.

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we met all the capital adequacy requirements to which we were subject. The table below presents the Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

September 30, 

December 31, 

Capital Ratios

    

2022

    

2021

    

Alerus Financial Corporation Consolidated

 

  

 

  

 

Common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets

13.63

%

14.65

%

Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets

13.94

%

15.06

%

Total capital to risk weighted assets

16.84

%

18.64

%

Tier 1 capital to average assets

10.82

%

9.79

%

Tangible common equity to tangible assets (1)

7.59

%

9.21

%

 

 

Alerus Financial, National Association

 

 

Common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets

13.01

%

13.87

%

Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets

13.01

%

13.87

%

Total capital to risk weighted assets

14.11

%

15.12

%

Tier 1 capital to average assets

11.12

%

9.01

%

(1)Represents a non-GAAP financial measure. See “Non-GAAP to GAAP Reconciliations and Calculation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

The capital ratios for the Company and the Bank, as of September 30, 2022, as shown in the above tables, were at levels above the regulatory minimums to be considered “well capitalized”. See “Note 19 Regulatory Matters” to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We are a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. These financial instruments consist primarily of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers, generally having fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses that may require payment of a fee. These commitments consist principally of unused commercial and consumer credit lines. Standby letters of credit generally are contingent upon the failure of the customer to perform according to the terms of an underlying contract with a third party. The credit risks associated with commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are essentially the same as that involved with extending loans to customers and are subject to normal credit policies. Collateral may be required based on management’s assessment of the customer’s creditworthiness. The fair value of these commitments is considered immaterial for disclosure purposes.

A summary of the contractual amounts of our exposure to off-balance sheet agreements as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, was as follows:

September 30, 

December 31, 

(dollars in thousands)

    

2022

    

2021

Commitments to extend credit

$

785,745

$

668,115

Standby letters of credit

 

11,414

 

10,529

Total

$

797,159

$

678,644

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Liquidity

Liquidity management is the process by which we manage the flow of funds necessary to meet our financial commitments on a timely basis and at a reasonable cost and to take advantage of earnings enhancement opportunities. These financial commitments include withdrawals by depositors, credit commitments to borrowers, expenses of our operations, and capital expenditures. Liquidity is monitored and closely managed by our asset and liability committee, or the ALCO, a group of senior officers from the finance, enterprise risk management, deposit, investment, treasury, and lending areas. It is the ALCO’s responsibility to ensure we have the necessary level of funds available for normal operations as well as maintain a contingency funding policy to ensure that potential liquidity stress events are planned for, quickly identified, and management has plans in place to respond. The ALCO has created policies which establish limits and require measurements to monitor liquidity trends, including modeling and management reporting that identifies the amounts and costs of all available funding sources.

As of September 30, 2022, we had on balance sheet liquidity of $778.9 million, compared to $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2021. On balance sheet liquidity includes cash and cash equivalents, federal funds sold, unencumbered securities available-for-sale, and over collateralized securities pledging positions available-for-sale.

The Bank is a member of the FHLB, which provides short- and long-term funding to its members through advances collateralized by real estate related assets and other select collateral, most typically in the form of debt securities. Actual borrowing capacity is contingent on the amount of collateral available to be pledged to the FHLB. As of September 30, 2022, we had $53.8 million federal funds purchased, $200.0 million in short-term borrowings from the FHLB and $809.9 million of collateral pledged to the FHLB. Based on this collateral, we were eligible to borrow up to $555.9 million from the FHLB. In addition, we can borrow up to $102.0 million through the unsecured lines of credit we have established with four other correspondent banks.

In addition, because the Bank is “well capitalized,” we can accept wholesale deposits up to 20.0% of total assets based on current policy limits, or $738.3 million, as of September 30, 2022. Management believed that we had adequate resources to fund all of our commitments as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Our primary sources of liquidity include liquid assets, as well as unencumbered securities that can be used to collateralize additional funding.

Though remote, the possibility of a funding crisis exists at all financial institutions. The economic impact of the recent rise in inflation and rising interest rates could place increased demand on our liquidity if we experience significant credit deterioration and as we meet borrowers’ needs. Accordingly, management has addressed this issue by formulating a liquidity contingency plan, which has been reviewed and approved by both the Bank’s board of directors and the ALCO. The plan addresses the actions that we would take in response to both a short-term and long-term funding crisis.

A short-term funding crisis would most likely result from a shock to the financial system, either internal or external, which disrupts orderly short-term funding operations. Such a crisis would likely be temporary in nature and would not involve a change in credit ratings. A long-term funding crisis would most likely be the result of both external and internal factors and would most likely result in drastic credit deterioration. Management believes that both potential circumstances have been fully addressed through detailed action plans and the establishment of trigger points for monitoring such events.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in the fair value of financial instruments due to changes in interest rates. Interest-rate risk is the risk to earnings and equity value arising from changes in market interest rates and arises in the normal course of business to the extent that there is a divergence between the amount of interest-earning assets and the amount of interest-bearing liabilities that are prepaid/withdrawn, re-price, or mature in specified periods. We seek to achieve consistent growth in net interest income and equity while managing volatility arising from shifts in market interest rates. The ALCO oversees market risk management, monitoring risk measures,

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limits, and policy guidelines for managing the amount of interest rate risk and its effect on net interest income and capital. The Bank’s board of directors approves policy limits with respect to interest rate risk.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk management is an active process that encompasses monitoring loan and deposit flows complemented by investment and funding activities. Effective interest rate risk management begins with understanding the dynamic characteristics of assets and liabilities and determining the appropriate interest rate risk position given business activities, management objectives, market expectations and ALCO policy limits and guidelines.

Interest rate risk can come in a variety of forms, including repricing risk, basis risk, yield curve risk and option risk. Repricing risk is the risk of adverse consequences from a change in interest rates that arises because of differences in the timing of when those interest rate changes impact our assets and liabilities. Basis risk is the risk of adverse consequence resulting from unequal change in the spread between two or more rates for different instruments with the same maturity. Yield curve risk is the risk of adverse consequences resulting from unequal changes in the spread between two or more rates for different maturities for the same or different instruments. Option risk in financial instruments arises from embedded options such as options provided to borrowers to make unscheduled loan prepayments, options provided to debt issuers to exercise call options prior to maturity, and depositor options to make withdrawals and early redemptions.

Management regularly reviews our exposure to changes in interest rates. Among the factors considered are changes in the mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, interest rate spreads and repricing periods. The ALCO reviews, on at least a quarterly basis, the interest rate risk position.

The interest-rate risk position is measured and monitored at the Bank using net interest income simulation models and economic value of equity sensitivity analysis that capture both short-term and long-term interest-rate risk exposure.

Modeling the sensitivity of net interest income and the economic value of equity to changes in market interest rates is highly dependent on numerous assumptions incorporated into the modeling process. The models used for these measurements rely on estimates of the potential impact that changes in interest rates may have on the value and prepayment speeds on all components of our loan portfolio, investment portfolio, as well as embedded options and cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Balance sheet growth assumptions are also included in the simulation modeling process. The analysis provides a framework as to what our overall sensitivity position is as of our most recent reported position and the impact that potential changes in interest rates may have on net interest income and the economic value of our equity.

Net interest income simulation involves forecasting net interest income under a variety of interest rate scenarios including instantaneous shocks.

The estimated impact on our net interest income as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, assuming immediate parallel moves in interest rates is presented in the table below:

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

 

    

Following

    

Following

    

Following

    

Following

 

12 months

24 months

12 months

24 months

 

+400 basis points

 

−13.4

%  

0.7

%  

−8.2

%  

−2.9

%

+300 basis points

 

−10.1

%  

2.4

%  

−6.1

%  

−2.3

%

+200 basis points

 

−6.8

%  

4.1

%  

−4.1

%  

−1.8

%

+100 basis points

 

−3.3

%  

6.5

%  

−2.0

%  

−1.3

%

−100 basis points

 

2.2

%  

8.3

%  

−10.6

%  

−15.7

%

−200 basis points

 

1.5

%  

4.2

%  

N/A

%  

N/A

%

Management strategies may impact future reporting periods, as actual results may differ from simulated results due to the timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes, the difference between actual experience, and the

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characteristics assumed, as well as changes in market conditions. Market-based prepayment speeds are factored into the analysis for loan and securities portfolios. Rate sensitivity for transactional deposit accounts is modeled based on both historical experience and external industry studies.

Management uses an economic value of equity sensitivity analysis to understand the impact of interest rate changes on long-term cash flows, income, and capital. Economic value of equity is based on discounting the cash flows for all balance sheet instruments under different interest rate scenarios. Deposit premiums are based on external industry studies and utilizing historical experience.

The table below presents the change in the economic value of equity as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, assuming immediate parallel shifts in interest rates:

September 30, 

December 31, 

 

    

2022

    

2021

 

+400 basis points

 

−25.7

%  

−26.0

%

+300 basis points

 

−19.1

%  

−16.8

%

+200 basis points

 

−12.4

%  

−8.2

%

+100 basis points

 

−5.5

%  

−1.4

%

−100 basis points

 

0.6

%  

−31.2

%

−200 basis points

 

−10.1

%  

N/A

%

Operational Risk

Operational risk is the risk of loss due to human behavior, inadequate or failed internal systems and controls, and external influences such as market conditions, fraudulent activities, disasters, and security risks. Management continuously strives to strengthen its system of internal controls, enterprise risk management, operating processes and employee awareness to assess the impact on earnings and capital and to improve the oversight of our operational risk.

Compliance Risk

Compliance risk represents the risk of regulatory sanctions, reputational impact or financial loss resulting from failure to comply with rules and regulations issued by the various banking agencies and standards of good banking practice. Activities which may expose us to compliance risk include, but are not limited to, those dealing with the prevention of money laundering, privacy and data protection, community reinvestment initiatives, fair lending challenges resulting from the expansion of our banking center network, employment and tax matters.

Strategic and/or Reputation Risk

Strategic and/or reputation risk represents the risk of loss due to impairment of reputation, failure to fully develop and execute business plans, failure to assess current and new opportunities in business, markets and products, and any other event not identified in the defined risk types mentioned previously. Mitigation of the various risk elements that represent strategic and/or reputation risk is achieved through initiatives to help management better understand and report on various risks, including those related to the development of new products and business initiatives.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, and our Chief Accounting Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer and our Chief Accounting Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of that date to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized

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and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its President and Chief Executive Officer, its Chief Financial Officer and its Chief Accounting Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 – Legal Proceedings

There are no material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business of the Company or its subsidiaries, to which we or any of our subsidiaries are a party or to which our property is the subject. The Company does not know of any proceeding contemplated by a governmental authority against the Company or any of its subsidiaries.

Item 1A – Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.

Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities

The following table presents information related to repurchases of shares of our common stock for each calendar month in the third quarter of 2022:

Total Number of

Maximum Number of

Total Number

Average

Shares Purchased as

Shares that May

of Shares

Price Paid

Part of Publicly

Yet be Purchased

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

    

Purchased (1)

    

per Share

    

Announced Plans

    

Under the Plan (2)

July

 

 

$

 

 

770,000

August

 

 

 

 

 

770,000

September

 

 

 

 

 

770,000

Total

 

 

$

 

 

770,000

(1)Shares repurchased by the Company represent shares surrendered by employees to the Company to pay withholding taxes on the vesting of restricted stock awards.
(2)On February 18, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a stock repurchase program, or the Program, which authorizes the Company to repurchase up to 770,000 shares of its common stock, subject to certain limitations and conditions. The Program was effective immediately and will continue for a period of 36 months, until February 28, 2024. The Program does not obligate the Company to repurchase any shares of its common stock and there is no assurance that the Company will do so. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, there were no shares repurchased under the Program.

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Use of Proceeds from Registered Securities

None.

Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5 – Other Information

None.

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Item 6 – Exhibits

Exhibit No.

    

Description

3.1

Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Alerus Financial Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 on Form S-1 filed on August 16, 2019).

3.2

Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Alerus Financial Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 on Form S-1 filed on August 16, 2019).

10.1

Executive Severance Agreement by and between Alerus Financial Corporation and Missy Keney, dated July 25, 2022 – filed herewith.

10.2

Executive Severance Agreement by and between Alerus Financial Corporation and Jon Hendry, dated July 25, 2022 – filed herewith.

31.1

Chief Executive Officers Certifications required by Rule 13(a)-14(a) – filed herewith.

31.2

Chief Financial Officers Certifications required by Rule 13(a)-14(a) – filed herewith.

32.1

Chief Executive Officer Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – filed herewith.

32.2

Chief Financial Officer Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – filed herewith.

101.INS

iXBRL Instance Document

101.SCH

iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL

iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF

iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB

iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE

iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibits 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized

ALERUS FINANCIAL CORPORATION

Date: November 3, 2022

By:

/s/ Katie A. Lorenson

Name:    Katie A. Lorenson

Title:      President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 3, 2022

By:

/s/ Alan A. Villalon

Name:    Alan A. Villalon

Title:      Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

67