BIMINI CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. - Annual Report: 2005 (Form 10-K)
UNITED
STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C.
20549
FORM
10-K
ANNUAL
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934
For
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005
OR
TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934
For
the transition period from to .
Commission
File Number: 001-32171
OPTEUM
INC.
(Formerly
Bimini Mortgage Management, Inc.)
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland
|
72-1571637
|
(State
or other jurisdiction of
incorporation
or organization)
|
(I.R.S.
Employer
Identification
No.)
|
3305
Flamingo Drive, Vero Beach, FL 32963
|
|
(Address
of principal executive offices - Zip Code)
|
|
772-231-1400
|
(Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code)
SECURITIES
REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OF THE ACT:
Title
of Each Class
|
Name
of Each Exchange on Which Registered
|
Common
Stock, $0.001 par value
|
New
York Stock Exchange
|
SECURITIES
REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(G) OF THE ACT: None
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined
in
Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨
No
ý
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant
to
Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨
No
ý
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to
be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý
No
¨
Indicate
by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of
Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best
of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to
this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated
filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934).
Large
accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated
filer ý Non-accelerated
filer ¨
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨
No
ý
As
of
March 9, 2006, there were 23,322,298 shares of the Registrant’s Class A Common
Stock outstanding. The aggregate market value of the Class A Common Stock,
held
by non-affiliates of the Registrant (21,080,090 shares) at March 9, 2006
was
approximately $164,003,100. The aggregate market value was calculated by
using
the closing price of the Class A Common Stock as of that date on the New
York
Stock Exchange. As of March 9, 2006, all of the Registrant’s Class B Common
Stock was held by affiliates of the Registrant. As of March 9, 2006, the
aggregate market value of the Registrant’s Class C Common Stock held by
non-affiliates (319,388 shares) was $319, which value is based on the initial
purchase price of the Class C Common Stock.
1
DOCUMENTS
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions
of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2006 Annual Stockholders’ Meeting
are
incorporated
by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2
OPTEUM INC.
INDEX
PART
I
|
|
ITEM
1. Business.
|
4
|
ITEM
1A Risk Factors
|
24
|
ITEM
1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
|
39
|
ITEM
2. Properties.
|
39
|
ITEM
3. Legal Proceedings.
|
39
|
ITEM
4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
|
39
|
PART
II
|
|
ITEM
5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters
and
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
|
39
|
ITEM
6. Selected Financial Data.
|
42
|
ITEM
7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results
of Operations.
|
43
|
ITEM
7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market
Risk.
|
60
|
ITEM
8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
|
67
|
ITEM
9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting
and
Financial Disclosure.
|
108
|
ITEM
9A. Controls and Procedures.
|
108
|
ITEM
9B. Other Information.
|
108
|
PART
III
|
|
ITEM
10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.
|
108
|
ITEM
11. Executive Compensation.
|
108
|
ITEM
12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
and
Related Stockholder Matters.
|
108
|
ITEM
13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.
|
108
|
ITEM
14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
|
108
|
PART
IV
|
|
ITEM
15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
|
108
|
3
PART
I
ITEM
1. Business.
General
On
February 6, 2006, Opteum announced that its board of directors (“Board” or
“Board of Directors”) voted unanimously to change its name from Bimini Mortgage
Management, Inc. to Opteum Inc. On February 10, 2006, the corporate name
change
was effective and its New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, ticker symbol was
changed from “BMM” to “OPX.” The corporate name change leverages the brand
identity of Opteum Financial Services, LLC (OFS), and further enhances the
integration of Opteum and the 1,066 employees of OFS. One company and one
national brand now represent a unified image to investors, customers and
employees.
As
used
in this document, the parent company, “Opteum” and discussions related to REIT
qualifying activities or the general management of Opteum’s portfolio of
mortgage backed securities (MBS) refers to “Opteum Inc.” Further, as used in
this document, “OFS”, Opteum’s taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) refer to Opteum
Financial Services, LLC. Discussions relating to the “Company” refer to the
consolidated entity (the combination of “Opteum” and our TRS “OFS”). The assets
such as the mortgage origination, acquisition and servicing activities, are
conducted by OFS to help the Company comply with REIT requirements.
The
Company was organized in September 2003 as a Maryland corporation for the
purpose of investing primarily in but not limited to, residential mortgage
related securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (more
commonly known as Fannie Mae), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
(more
commonly known as Freddie Mac) and the Government National Mortgage Association
(more commonly known as Ginnie Mae). Opteum earns returns on the spread between
the yield on its assets and its costs, including the interest expense on
the
funds it borrows. It intends to borrow between eight and twelve times the
amount
of its equity capital to attempt to enhance its returns to stockholders.
For
purposes of this calculation, Opteum treats its trust preferred securities
as an
equity capital equivalent. Opteum is self-managed and self-advised.
In
evaluating its assets and their performance, Opteum’s management team primarily
evaluates these critical factors: asset performance in differing interest
rate
environments, duration of the security, yield to maturity, potential for
prepayment of principal, and the market price of the investment. OFS
originates mortgages and offers a wide array of mortgage products through
its 29
retail mortgage origination branches and five wholesale mortgage offices
in the
United States. Additionally, OFS operates a correspondent lending channel
that
purchases closed loans from mortgage bankers nationwide under flow and bulk
acquisition programs. The Company's website is located at www.opteum.com.
On
September 29, 2005, Opteum executed a definitive merger agreement with Bimini
Acquisition LLC, its acquisition subsidiary, OFS, and the members of OFS.
The
transaction, in which OFS became a wholly-owned TRS of Opteum, closed on
November 3, 2005. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Opteum issued
3,717,242 shares of Class A Common Stock and 1,223,208 shares of Class A
Redeemable Preferred Stock to the stockholders of OFS in exchange for 100%
of
the equity interests of OFS. The shares of Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock
will be convertible into shares of Class A Common Stock of Opteum, on a
one-for-one basis, if Opteum’s stockholders approve the conversion at a future
stockholder’s meeting. Opteum also agreed to pay the OFS stockholders a
contingent earn-out of up to $17.5 million over the next five years payable
in
cash, or under certain circumstances, shares of Class A Redeemable Preferred
Stock, based on achievement by OFS of certain specific financial objectives.
The
three most senior executives of OFS have entered into long-term employment
contracts with Opteum.
On
October 7, 2005 the Company’s Board of Directors authorized Opteum to acquire up
to 1.8 million shares of its Class A Common Stock, or approximately 9% of
its
total shares of Class A Common Stock, outstanding as of October 7, 2005.
Opteum
began repurchasing shares on November 4, 2005 and as of December 31, 2005
had
repurchased 561,800 shares at a total price of $5,236,354 including commissions
of $16,854.
The
following table presents information related to Opteum’s repurchases of its
Class A Common Stock during the fourth quarter of 2005 and other information
related to our repurchase program:
4
Period
|
Total
number of shares purchased
|
Average
price paid per share
|
Maximum
number of shares that may yet be purchased under the
program
|
||
November
1-30, 2005
|
308,600
|
$
|
9.49
|
||
December
1-31, 2005
|
253,200
|
9.05
|
|||
Total
|
561,800
|
$
|
9.29
|
1,238,200
|
As
of
December 31, 2005 the Company had total consolidated assets of
$4.8 billion, substantially all of which consisted of mortgage related
securities, whole mortgage loans held for sale, residual interests in asset
backed securities, originated mortgage servicing rights and cash and cash
equivalents. On that date, Opteum’s portfolio of mortgage related securities
totaled $3.5 billion and was comprised of 57.4% adjustable-rate
mortgage-backed securities, 21.0% fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities,
20.2%
hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities (securities backed by
mortgages with fixed initial rates which, after a period, convert to adjustable
rates) and 1.4% balloon maturity mortgage-backed securities (securities backed
by mortgages where a significant portion of principal is repaid only at
maturity). Of this portfolio, 60.8% was issued by Fannie Mae, 21.1% was issued
by Freddie Mac and 18.1% was issued by Ginnie Mae.
Opteum’s
$3.5 billion mortgage related securities portfolio had a weighted average
yield
of 4.21% as of December 31, 2005. Opteum’s net weighted average borrowing
cost as of December 31, 2005 was 4.15%. The constant prepayment rate for
the portfolio was 28.4% for December 2005, which reflects the annualized
proportion of principal that was prepaid. The effective duration for the
portfolio was 1.28 as of December 31, 2005. Duration measures the price
sensitivity of a fixed income security to movements in interest rates. Effective
duration captures both the movement in interest rates and the fact that the
cash
flows of a mortgage related security are altered when interest rates move.
At
year
end OFS owned $894.2 million of mortgage loans which were classified as mortgage
loans held for sale. In addition, OFS owned approximately $98.0 million of
residual interests in asset backed securities and $86.1 million of originated
mortgage servicing rights. It is the intention of OFS to either sell the
loans
held for sale to a third party investor or issue asset backed securities
with
the mortgages on the Opteum Mortgage Acceptance Corporation shelf (“OPMAC”), a
wholly-owned special purpose entity set up for the execution of securitizations.
Future prepayments, delinquencies, or defaults on these mortgage loans held
for
sale may affect the value of these loans in the future.
Opteum
has elected to be taxed as REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as
amended (the “Code”) commencing with its initial taxable period from inception
to December 31, 2003. Provided it continues to qualify as a REIT, Opteum
will generally distribute to its stockholders all or substantially all of
its
net taxable income generated from its operations. As long as Opteum retains
its
REIT qualification, it generally will not be subject to federal income tax
to
the extent that it distributes its net taxable income to its stockholders.
OFS
has
elected to be treated as a TRS, which is an entity that is subject to federal,
state and local income taxation. In addition, the ability of OFS to deduct
interest paid or accrued to Opteum for federal, state and local tax purposes
is
subject to certain limitations.
Risk
Management Approach
Opteum
seeks to differentiate itself from other mortgage portfolio managers through
its
approach to risk management. It invests in a limited universe of mortgage
related securities, primarily, but not limited to, those issued by Fannie
Mae,
Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae. Payment of principal and interest underlying
securities issued by Ginnie Mae is guaranteed by the U.S. Government. Fannie
Mae
and Freddie Mac mortgage related securities are guaranteed as to payment
of
principal and interest by the respective agency issuing the security. Opteum
seeks to manage the risk of prepayments of the underlying mortgages by creating
a diversified portfolio with a variety of prepayment characteristics. Finally,
Opteum seeks to address interest rate risks by managing the interest rate
indices and borrowing periods of its debt, as well as through hedging against
interest rate changes.
Opteum
has implemented a risk-based capital methodology patterned on the general
principles underlying the proposed risk-based capital standards for
internationally active banks of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision,
commonly referred to as the Basel II Accord. The Basel II Accord encourages
banks to develop methods for measuring the risks of their banking activities
to
determine the amount of capital required to support those risks. Similarly,
Opteum uses its methodology to calculate an internally generated risk measure
for each asset in its portfolio. This measure is then used to establish the
amount of leverage it uses. Opteum expects its risk management program to
reduce
its need to use hedging techniques.
5
Investment
Strategy
The
Company's Board of Directors may change its investment strategy without prior
notice to its stockholders or by requesting the approval of its
stockholders.
Asset
Acquisition Strategy
The
primary assets in Opteum’s current portfolio of mortgage related securities are
adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities, fixed-rate mortgage-backed
securities, hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities and balloon
maturity mortgage-backed securities. The mortgage related securities that
Opteum
most typically acquires are obligations issued by federal agencies or federally
chartered entities, primarily Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae.
Opteum
seeks to minimize the effects on its income caused by prepayments on the
mortgage loans underlying its securities at a rate materially different than
anticipated. Its diversified portfolio includes securities with prepayment
characteristics that it expects to result in slower prepayments, such as
pools
of mortgage-backed securities collateralized by mortgages with low loan
balances, mortgages originated under Fannie Mae's Expanded Approval Program
or
agency pools collateralized by loans against investment properties.
Borrowers
with low loan balances have a lower economic incentive to refinance and have
historically prepaid at lower rates than borrowers with larger loan balances.
The reduced incentive to refinance has two parts: borrowers with low loan
balances will have smaller interest savings because overall interest payments
are smaller on their loans; and closing costs for refinancings, which are
generally not proportionate to the size of a loan, make refinancing of smaller
loans less attractive as it takes a longer period of time for the interest
savings to cover the cost of refinancing.
Fannie
Mae's Expanded Approval Program allows borrowers with slightly impaired credit
histories or loan-to-value ratios greater than 80% to qualify for conventional
conforming financing. Borrowers under this program have proportionately higher
delinquency rates than typical Fannie Mae borrowers, resulting in a higher
than
market interest rate because of the increased default and delinquency risk.
Prepayment rates on these securities are lower than average because refinancing
is more difficult for delinquent or recently delinquent loans.
Agency
pools collateralized by loans against investment properties generally result
in
slower prepayments because borrowers financing investment properties are
required to pay an up front premium. Payment of this premium requires a larger
rate movement for the borrower to achieve the same relative level of savings
upon refinancing.
Opteum
has created and will maintain a diversified portfolio to avoid undue geographic,
loan originator, and other types of concentrations. By maintaining essentially
all of its assets in AAA rated, government or government-sponsored or chartered
enterprises and government or federal agencies, which may include an implied
guarantee of the federal government as to payment of principal and interest,
Opteum believes it can significantly reduce its exposure to losses from credit
risk. It intends to acquire assets that will enable it to be exempt from
the
Investment Company Act.
Legislation
may be proposed to change the relationship between certain agencies, such
as
Fannie Mae and the federal government. This may have the effect of reducing
the
actual or perceived credit quality of mortgage related securities issued
by
these agencies. As a result, such legislation could increase the risk of
loss on
investments in Fannie Mae and/or Freddie Mac mortgage-backed securities.
Opteum
currently intends to continue to invest in such securities, even if such
agencies' relationships with the federal government change.
Leverage
Strategy
Opteum
uses leverage in an attempt to increase potential returns to its stockholders.
However, the use of leverage may also have the effect of increasing losses
when
economic conditions are unfavorable. Opteum generally borrows between eight
and
twelve times the amount of its equity, although its investment policies require
no minimum or maximum leverage. For purposes of this calculation, Opteum
treats
its trust preferred securities as an equity capital equivalent. It uses
repurchase agreements to borrow against existing mortgage related securities
and
uses the proceeds to acquire additional mortgage related securities.
6
Opteum
seeks to structure the financing in such a way as to limit the effect of
fluctuations in short-term rates on its interest rate spread. In general,
Opteum's borrowings are short-term and it actively manages, on an aggregate
basis, both the interest rate indices and interest rate adjustment periods
of
its borrowings against the interest rate indices and interest rate adjustment
periods on its mortgage related securities in order to limit its liquidity
and
interest rate related risks. Opteum may also employ borrowings under longer
term
facilities.
Opteum
generally borrows at short-term rates from various lenders through various
contractual agreements including, repurchase agreements. Opteum has issued
approximately $103 million of long-term junior unsecured debt, callable at
any
time after five years, called trust preferred securities. As of
December 31, 2005, Opteum’s debt to equity ratio (where debt equals all
repurchase transactions outstanding plus trust preferred securities and equity
equals stockholders’ equity plus trust preferred securities) was 9.8:1.
Repurchase agreements at that date totaled $3.3 billion. Repurchase
agreements are generally, but not always, short-term in nature. Under these
repurchase agreements, Opteum sells securities to a lender and agrees to
repurchase those securities in the future for a price that is higher than
the
original sales price. The difference between the sales price Opteum receives
and
the repurchase price it pays represents interest paid to the lender. This
is
determined by reference to an interest rate index (such as the London Interbank
Office Rate or, LIBOR) plus an interest rate spread. Although structured
as a
sale and repurchase obligation, a repurchase agreement operates as a financing
under which Opteum effectively pledges its securities as collateral to secure
a
short-term loan equal in value to a specified percentage of the market value
of
the pledged collateral. Opteum retains beneficial ownership of the pledged
collateral, including the right to distributions. At the maturity of a
repurchase agreement, Opteum is required to repay the loan and concurrently
receive its pledged collateral from the lender or, with the consent of the
lender, it renews such agreement at the then prevailing financing rate. Opteum's
repurchase agreements may require it to pledge additional assets to the lender
in the event the market value of the existing pledged collateral declines.
Opteum
has engaged AVM, L.P., a securities broker-dealer, and III Associates, a
registered investment adviser affiliated with AVM, L.P., to provide it with
repurchase agreement trading, clearing and administrative services. III
Associates acts as its agent and adviser in arranging for third parties to
enter
into repurchase agreements with Opteum, executes and maintains records of
its
repurchase transactions and assists in managing the margin arrangements between
Opteum and its counter-parties for each of its repurchase agreements.
Opteum
seeks to protect its capital base through the use of a risk-based capital
methodology. This methodology is patterned on the general principles underlying
the Basel II Accord. These principles are intended to promote the use by
internationally active banks of increasingly sophisticated internal risk
management processes and measurements for purposes of allocating capital
on a
weighted basis. Opteum's methodology follows this framework in that the inherent
risk of an asset will create a capital allocation for the asset, which will
in
turn define the amount of leverage Opteum will employ.
As
with
the Basel approach, Opteum identifies components of risk associated with
the
assets it employs. However, unlike typical bank loans, which may bear a
significant degree of credit risk, the risks associated with the assets that
Opteum employs are primarily related to movements in interest rates. The
elements relating to interest rate risk that Opteum analyzes are effective
duration, convexity, expected return and the slope of the yield curve.
"Effective duration" measures the sensitivity of a security's price to movements
in interest rates. "Convexity" measures the sensitivity of a security's
effective duration to movements in interest rates. "Expected return" captures
the market's assessment of the risk of a security. Opteum assumes markets
are
efficient with respect to the pricing of risk.
While
these three risk components primarily address the price movement of a security,
Opteum believes the income earning potential of its portfolio—as reflected in
the slope of the yield curve—offsets potential negative price movements. It
believes the risk of its portfolio is lower when the slope of the yield curve
is
steep, and thus is inversely proportional to the slope of the yield curve.
Opteum
uses these components of risk to arrive at a risk coefficient for each asset.
The product of this coefficient and the amount of Opteum's investment represents
its "risk measure" for the asset. Opteum calculates risk measures for each
asset
and then aggregates them into the risk measure for the entire portfolio,
which
guides it to an appropriate amount of overall leverage. Opteum analyzes the
portfolio's risk measures on a daily basis. The leverage ratio will rise
as the
risk level of the portfolio declines and will fall as the portfolio's risk
level
increases. The goal of Opteum's approach is to ensure that its portfolio's
leverage ratio is appropriate for the level of risk inherent in the portfolio.
Interest
Rate Risk Management
7
Opteum
believes the primary risk inherent in its investments is the effect of movements
in interest rates. This risk arises because the effects of interest rate
changes
on its borrowings will not be perfectly coordinated with the effects of interest
rate changes on the income from, or value of, its investments. Opteum therefore
follows an interest rate risk management program designed to offset the
potential adverse effects resulting from the rate adjustment limitations
on its
mortgage related securities. It seeks to minimize differences between interest
rate indices and interest rate adjustment periods of its adjustable-rate
mortgage-backed securities and related borrowings by matching the terms of
assets and related liabilities both as to maturity and to the underlying
interest rate index used to calculate interest rate charges.
Opteum's
interest rate risk management program encompasses a number of procedures,
including the following:
§
|
monitoring
and adjusting, if necessary, the interest rate sensitivity of its
mortgage
related securities compared with the interest rate sensitivities
of its
borrowings.
|
§
|
structuring
its repurchase agreements that fund its purchases of adjustable-rate
mortgage-backed securities to have varying maturities and interest
rate
adjustment periods in order to match the reset dates on its
adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities. At December 31, 2005, the
weighted average months to reset of its adjustable-rate mortgage-backed
securities was 4.5 months and the weighted average reset on the
corresponding repurchase agreements was 2.6 months; and
|
§
|
actively
managing, on an aggregate basis, the interest rate indices and
interest
rate adjustment periods of its mortgage related securities and
comparing
them to the interest rate indices and adjustment periods of its
borrowings. Its liabilities under its repurchase agreements are
all LIBOR
based, and Opteum, among other considerations, selects its adjustable-rate
mortgage-backed securities to favor LIBOR indexes. As of December 31,
2005, over 29% of Opteum's adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities
were
LIBOR-based.
|
As
a
result, Opteum expects to be able to adjust the average maturities and reset
periods of its borrowings on an ongoing basis by changing the combination
of
maturities and interest rate adjustment periods as borrowings mature or are
renewed. Through the use of these procedures, Opteum attempts to reduce the
risk
of differences between interest rate adjustment periods of its adjustable-rate
mortgage-backed securities and its related borrowings.
Opteum
may from time to time use derivative financial instruments to hedge all or
a
portion of the interest rate risk associated with its borrowings. It may
enter
into swap or cap agreements, option, put or call agreements, futures contracts,
forward rate agreements or similar financial instruments to hedge indebtedness
that it may incur or plans to incur. These contracts would be intended to
more
closely match the effective maturity of, and the interest received on, Opteum's
assets with the effective maturity of, and the interest owed on, its
liabilities. However, no assurances can be given that interest rate risk
management strategies can successfully be implemented. Derivative instruments
will not be used for speculative purposes.
Opteum
may also use derivative financial instruments in an attempt to protect it
against declines in the market value of its assets that result from general
trends in debt markets. The inability to match closely the maturities and
interest rates of its assets and liabilities or the inability to protect
adequately against declines in the market value of its assets could result
in
losses.
Description
of Mortgage Related Securities
Opteum
invests in pass-through certificates, which are securities representing
interests in pools of mortgage loans secured by residential real property
in
which payments of both interest and principal on the securities are generally
made monthly. In effect, these securities pass through the monthly payments
made
by the individual borrowers on the mortgage loans that underlie the securities,
net of fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities. Pass-through
certificates can be divided into various categories based on the characteristics
of the underlying mortgages, such as the term or whether the interest rate
is
fixed or variable.
A
key
feature of most mortgage loans is the ability of the borrower to repay principal
earlier than scheduled. This is called a prepayment. Prepayments arise primarily
due to sale of the underlying property, refinancing, or foreclosure. Prepayments
result in a return of principal to pass-through certificate holders. This
may
result in a lower or higher rate of return upon reinvestment of principal.
This
is generally referred to as prepayment uncertainty. If a security purchased
at a
premium prepays at a higher-than-expected rate, then the value of the premium
would be eroded at a faster-than-expected rate. Similarly, if a discount
mortgage prepays at a lower-than-expected rate, the amortization towards
par
would be accumulated at a slower-than-expected rate. The possibility of these
undesirable effects is sometimes referred to as "prepayment risk."
8
In
general, declining interest rates tend to increase prepayments, and rising
interest rates tend to result in fewer prepayments. Like other fixed-income
securities, when interest rates rise, the value of mortgage related securities
generally declines. The rate of prepayments on underlying mortgages will
affect
the price and volatility of mortgage related securities and may shorten or
extend the effective maturity of the security beyond what was anticipated
at the
time of purchase. If interest rates rise, Opteum's holdings of mortgage related
securities may experience reduced returns if the borrowers of the underlying
mortgages pay off their mortgages later than anticipated. This is generally
referred to as “extension risk.”
Payment
of principal and interest on mortgage pass-through certificates issued by
Ginnie
Mae are guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the federal government
and
those issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are guaranteed by the respective
agency issuing the security. These guarantees do not cover the market value
of
the securities.
The
mortgage loans underlying pass-through certificates can generally be classified
in the following categories:
§
|
Adjustable-Rate
Mortgages. Opteum classifies adjustable rate mortgages or ARMs
as those
securities whose coupons reset within one years time. As of
December 31, 2005, 57.4% of Opteum's portfolio consisted of
adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities. ARMs, are mortgages
for which
the borrower pays an interest rate that varies over the term of
the loan.
The interest rate usually resets based on market interest rates,
although
the adjustment of such an interest rate may be subject to certain
limitations. Traditionally, interest rates reset periodically.
Opteum
refers to such ARMs as "traditional" ARMs. Since interest rates
on ARMs fluctuate based on market conditions, ARMs tend to have
interest rates that do not deviate from current market rates by
a large
amount. This in turn can mean that ARMs have less price sensitivity
to interest rates.
|
§
|
Fixed-Rate
Mortgages. As of December 31, 2005, 21.0% of Opteum's portfolio
consisted of fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities. Fixed-rate
mortgages
allow each borrower to pay an interest rate that is constant throughout
the term of the loan. Traditionally, most fixed-rate mortgages
have an
original term of 30 years. However, shorter terms (also referred to
as final maturity dates) have become common in recent years. Because
the
interest rate on the loan never changes, even when market interest
rates
change, over time there can be a divergence between the interest
rate on
the loan and current market interest rates. This in turn can make
a
fixed-rate mortgage's price sensitive to market fluctuations in
interest
rates. In general, the longer the remaining term on the mortgage
loan, the
greater the price sensitivity.
|
§
|
Hybrid
Adjustable-Rate Mortgages. As of December 31, 2005, 20.2% of Opteum's
portfolio consisted of hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities.
Hybrid ARMs have a fixed-rate for the first few years of the loan,
often three, five, or seven years, and thereafter reset periodically
like
a traditional ARM. Effectively such mortgages are hybrids, combining
the
features of a pure fixed-rate mortgage and a "traditional" ARM.
Hybrid
ARMs have price sensitivity to interest rates similar to that of a
fixed-rate mortgage during the period when the interest rate is
fixed and
similar to that of an ARM when the interest rate is in its periodic
reset
stage. However, even though hybrid ARMs usually have a short time
period in which the interest rate is fixed, during such period
the price
sensitivity may be high.
|
§
|
Balloon
Maturity Mortgages. As of December 31, 2005, 1.4% of Opteum's
portfolio consisted of balloon maturity mortgage-backed securities.
Balloon maturity mortgages are a type of fixed-rate mortgage where
all or
most of the principal amount is due at maturity, rather than paid
in
periodic equal installments, or amortized, over the life of the
loan.
These mortgages have a static interest rate for the life of the
loan.
However, the term of the loan is usually quite short, typically
less than
seven years. As the balloon maturity mortgage approaches its maturity
date, the price sensitivity of the mortgage declines.
|
With
respect to REIT related activities Opteum does not anticipate investing in
other
types of mortgage related securities, known as derivative securities, such
as
"inverse floaters," "inverse I.O.s" and "residuals", however OFS owns residuals
as well as mortgage servicing rights in the normal course of business.
Mortgage
Banking
The
Company originates and purchases residential mortgage loans through OFS that
generally fall into one of the following categories:
9
§
|
Alternate
“A” Loans (Alt-A.). These are first lien mortgage loans made to borrowers
whose credit is generally within typical Fannie Mae or Freddie
Mac
guidelines, but have loan characteristics that do not conform under
those
guidelines. From a credit risk standpoint, Alt-A borrowers present
a
profile comparable to that of conforming loan borrowers, but entail
special underwriting considerations, such as a higher loan-to-value
ratios
or limited income verification. The most significant portion of
the loans
originated or purchased by OFS are
Alt-A.
|
§
|
Subprime
Mortgage Loans (“Nonprime Mortgage Loans” or “Nonprime Lending”). These
are first and second lien mortgage loans secured by one-to-four
family
residences, made to individuals with credit profiles that do not
qualify
them for a prime loan.
|
§
|
Conventional
Prime Mortgage Loans. These are high credit quality first-lien
mortgage
loans secured by single (one-to-four) family
residences.
|
§
|
Prime
Home Equity Loans. These are high credit quality second-lien mortgage
loans, including home equity lines of credit, secured by single
(one-to-four) family residences.
|
§
|
Prime
Mortgage Loans. Such loans include conventional mortgage loans,
loans
insured by the Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), and loans
guaranteed by the Veterans Administration (“VA”). FHA and VA loans are
government loans. Some of the conventional loans qualify for inclusion
in
guaranteed mortgage securities backed by Fannie Mae or Freddie
Mac
(“conforming loans”).
|
The
following table summarizes OFS’s loan production by business segment and by loan
type for the period
November 3, 2005 (date of merger) through December 31, 2005:
Product
Type
|
Loans
|
Amount
|
Percent
|
|
Alt-
A
|
2,338
|
$
|
674,883,632
|
67.93%
|
Subprime
|
564
|
136,133,842
|
13.70
|
|
Conventional
|
486
|
93,301,889
|
9.39
|
|
Second
Mortgages
|
844
|
49,141,899
|
4.95
|
|
Government
|
264
|
40,060,635
|
4.03
|
|
Total
|
4,496
|
$
|
993,521,897
|
100.00%
|
Nearly
all of the mortgage loans that OFS produces in this segment are sold into
the
secondary mortgage market, primarily in the form of mortgage-backed securities.
OFS
originates mortgage loans on a national scale through four channels: retail,
wholesale, conduit, and telemarketing. The following table summarizes our
loan
production by channel for the period November 3, 2005 (date of merger) through
December 31, 2005:
Channel
|
Loans
|
Loan
Amount
|
Percent
|
|
Wholesale
|
1,340
|
$
|
331,963,061
|
33.41%
|
Retail
|
1,983
|
|
322,968,139
|
32.51
|
Conduit
|
914
|
|
284,340,661
|
28.62
|
Telemarketing
|
259
|
|
54,250,036
|
5.46
|
Total
|
4,496
|
$
|
993,521,897
|
100.00%
|
§
|
Wholesale
Channel. The wholesale lending operation funds and helps originate
mortgage loans through mortgage loan brokers and other financial
intermediaries. As of December 31, 2005, OFS’s wholesale lending
division operated five branch offices in various parts of the
country. This division services approximately 2,250 mortgage
loan brokers nationwide.
|
10
§
|
Retail
Channel. The retail channel originates mortgage loans primarily
through
relationships with real estate agents and builders. As of
December 31, 2005, this network consisted of 29 branch offices in six
states.
|
§
|
Conduit
Channel. OFS’s conduit operation purchases mortgage loans from other
lenders, which include mortgage bankers, savings and loan associations,
home builders, and credit unions. As of December 31, 2005, this
division served approximately 160
approved lenders who are subject to initial and on-going credit
evaluation
and monitoring.
|
§
|
Telemarketing
Channel. The telemarketing channel originates mortgage loans directly
from
the consumer through the Internet and through joint venture call
centers.
This channel focuses on customer acquisition by generally providing
mortgage customers with an efficient and convenient means to refinance
their existing mortgage. As of December 31, 2005, the telemarketing
channel consisted of two joint venture call centers and three centralized
processing centers.
|
Credit
and Interest Rate Risk
OFS
offers an extensive array of products, each having specific underwriting
guidelines and criteria based upon the risk associated with that product.
The
credit history requirements for a borrower applying for a sub-prime product
are
substantially different than those applying for a higher credit quality,
prime
loan program. OFS has a Credit Committee which is chaired by its Chief Credit
Officer. The members of that committee include OFS’s Secondary Market Manager,
Product Development Manager, National Production Executive, Wholesale Production
Manager, Conduit Credit Officer, and the Manager of Structured Finance. The
committee is responsible for reviewing all products and guidelines to insure
that the overall risk to OFS is consistent with our corporate philosophy.
In
addition to a review of the guidelines, the execution strategy for the product
(retain or sell) is determined. For those products which will be sold into
the
secondary market, the guidelines of the targeted investors are also considered
and incorporated into the program.
Underwriting
is done within the credit policies established by OFS’s Chief Credit Officer.
Underwriters are given lending authority, based upon their experience, and
only
after their work has been reviewed for a period of time. In addition to loan
limits, lending authority is also established for specific product lines,
such
as government loans and sub-prime underwriting. On a monthly basis, the Chief
Credit Officer will distribute a monthly report listing the approved lending
authority limits. In addition, the limit is incorporated into OFS system,
which
is a validation edit performed by the loan origination system. The Chief
Credit
Officer re-evaluates the authority levels of all underwriting personnel on
an
on-going basis. All loans over $1.0 million must be reviewed by the Chief
Credit
Officer.
Exceptions
to underwriting criteria are approved by authorized managers and are reviewed
on
a monthly basis. In addition, a separate Quality Assurance division within
OFS
reviews a minimum of 10% of all closed loans in order to insure compliance
with
the underwriting criteria. This review is in addition to the "loan level
validation" which is performed within the OFS loan origination
system.
For
all
products originated, the underwriting guidelines take into consideration,
credit, collateral, capacity, and compliance.
§
|
Credit.
The length of credit history, prior mortgage delinquencies, public
records, and credit scores.
|
§
|
Collateral.
The Quality A underwriting guidelines considers the property via
the
review of an appraisal. In some instances, the guidelines require
both an
initial and a review appraisal. Appraisal requirements are established
based upon product risk, documentation type, occupancy, and loan-to-value
ratios.
|
§
|
Capacity.
The underwriting guidelines consider the borrower's ability to
repay the
debt. OFS offers income verified, stated, and "no doc" programs.
Limitations on debt to income ratios will be established based
upon
product risk, documentation type, occupancy, and loan-to-value
ratios.
|
§
|
Compliance.
All loans must be in full compliance with federal, state, and investor
regulatory regulations. OFS does not offer or approve any loans
deemed to
be high cost or predatory in
nature.
|
Many
products incorporate the use of automated underwriting engines such as Desktop
Underwriter, Loan Prospector, Assetwise and Clout. In addition, OFS is
developing a proprietary underwriting engine for OFS's "5-Star" (our proprietary
product line which will render a credit decision consistent with the product
guidelines promulgated by the Chief Credit Officer).
Information
about mortgage loan portfolio performance can be accessed via the Company’s
website at www.opteum.com
and is
located within the "Corporate" section on the home page in the ”Investors” tab.
11
OFS
typically sells substantially all the mortgage loans that it produces, generally
through securitizations. However, OFS does not always sell loans immediately
after production. Instead, OFS may decide to sell certain loans in later
periods
as part of its overall management of interest rate risk. The timing of such
sales can have a material impact on its results, particularly in the short-term.
When OFS securitizes mortgage loans, it retains limited credit risk. This
credit
risk arises through representations and warranties that OFS makes as part
of its
securitization activities, as well as through retention of limited recourse
for
credit losses in the case of certain securitizations
OFS
typically bears interest rate risk from the time a loan application is taken
through the sale of the loan. Thereafter, OFS continues to bear interest
rate
risk related to the interests retained in the loans sold, which are typically
in
the form of mortgage servicing rights and residual securities.
Securitizations
and Sales
Generally,
originated as well as purchased mortgages are eventually sold in one of three
ways.
§
|
Pooling.
Many loans can be pooled into agency or government securities which
are
then sold directly by OFS to securities firms or financial institutions.
From November 3, 2005 (date of merger) to December 31, 2005, OFS
sold
$260.6
million
of
government or agency pools.
|
§
|
Whole
Loan Sales.
OFS sometimes sells bulk packages of unsecuritized loans. Occasionally,
single loans or small groups of loans are sold directly to investors.
From
November 3, 2005 (date of merger) to December 31, 2005 OFS sold
$127.1
million
worth of whole loans.
|
§
|
Underwritten
Securitizations.
The balance of OFS loans are securitized on the OPMAC securities
shelf and
a Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit trust (the “REMIC”) distributed
through an underwriting syndicate - most typically a small consortium
of
securities firms. From November 3, 2005 (date of merger) through
December
31, 2005 OFS executed one securitization collateralized by $986.3
million of loans on the OPMAC
shelf.
|
There
are
15 to 45 days between the time OFS commits to purchase a mortgage and the
time
OFS sells or securitizes mortgages, depending on certain factors, including
the
length of the purchase commitment period, volume by product type and the
securitization process. REMICs are accounted for as sales transactions. REMIC
securities generally consist of one or more classes of “regular interests” and a
single class of “residual interest.” The regular interests are tailored to the
needs of investors and may be issued in multiple classes with varying
maturities, average lives and interest rates. REMICs created by OFS are
structured so that one or more of the classes of securities are rated investment
grade by at least one nationally recognized rating agency. The ratings for
the
REMICs are based upon the perceived credit risk by the applicable rating
agency
of the underlying mortgages, the structure of the securities and the associated
level of credit enhancement. Credit enhancement is designed to provide
protection to the security holders in the event of borrower defaults and
other
losses including those associated with fraud or reductions in the principal
balances or interest rates on mortgages as required by law or a bankruptcy
court.
When
OFS
sells mortgage loans as part of a securitization, it generally retains the
rights to service the loans. Typically, this is called originated mortgage
servicing rights (“OMSRs”) or mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”). The value of
the MSRs are included as assets on the balance sheet. OFS may also retain
other
financial interests when loans are securitized, often referred to as “residual
interests.” These residual interests are included as assets on the Company’s
balance sheet.
The
servicing of mortgage loans includes collecting loan payments, responding
to
customer inquiries, accounting for principal and interest dollar amounts,
holding custodial (impound) funds for payment of property taxes and insurance
premiums, counseling delinquent mortgagors, supervising foreclosures and
property dispositions, and other administrative tasks as are required for
the
loan to function properly. OFS receives fees for performing these functions.
Included
in Opteum’s acquisition of OFS were residual interests on prior securitizations
issued by OFS. Prior to being named Opteum Financial Services, LLC, OFS was
named Homestar Mortgage and issued securities under the Homestar Mortgage
Acceptance shelf (HMAC).
The
following table summarizes the OFS residual interests in securitizations
as of
December 31, 2005.
12
Series
|
Issue
Date
|
December
31, 2005
|
|||
HMAC
2004-1
|
March
4, 2004
|
$
|
5,096,056
|
||
HMAC
2004-2
|
May
10, 2004
|
3,240,431
|
|||
HMAC
2004-3
|
June
30, 2004
|
1,055,651
|
|||
HMAC
2004-4
|
August
16, 2004
|
3,749,261
|
|||
HMAC
2004-5
|
September
28, 2004
|
6,177,669
|
|||
HMAC
2004-6
|
November
17, 2004
|
14,321,046
|
|||
OPMAC
2005-1
|
January
31, 2005
|
14,720,910
|
|||
OPMAC
2005-2
|
April
5, 2005
|
11,301,619
|
|||
OPMAC
2005-3
|
June
17, 2005
|
14,656,477
|
|||
OPMAC
2005-4
|
August
25, 2005
|
12,551,775
|
|||
OPMAC
2005-5
|
November
23, 2005
|
11,139,697
|
|||
Total
|
$
|
98,010,592
|
Key
economic assumptions used in measuring the fair value of retained interests
at
the date of securitization resulting from securitizations completed during
2005
was as follows
2005
|
|
Prepayment
speeds (CPR)
|
28.65%
|
Weighted-average-life
|
2.83
|
Expected
credit losses
|
1.07%
|
Discount
rates
|
14.90%
|
Interest
rates
|
Forward
LIBOR Yield curve
|
Loan
Servicing
OFS
subcontracts a substantial portion of its servicing obligations to independent
third parties pursuant to sub-servicing agreements. The servicing, although
subcontracted, is generally done under the OFS name and as such is transparent
to the consumer. It is cost efficient for OFS to use third-party subservicers.
Additionally, some rating agencies required third party servicers in order
to
achieve higher rating levels on OFS securitizations. OFS intends its own
to grow
the servicing platform and is working towards having its own servicing
operations rated. Currently, OFS continually monitors the performance of
servicers or subservicers through performance reviews and regular site visits.
Servicing fees are charged on the declining principal balances of loans serviced
and generally are 0.25% per annum for fixed rate mortgages, 0.375% per annum
for
adjustable rate mortgages, 0.50% per annum for lower credit quality mortgages
and 0.75% per annum for properties secured by second liens. As of December
31,
2005 OFS subcontracted out 34,235 loans with a principal value of $7,291.4
million and serviced 2,701 loans with a principal value of $412.8
million.
Customer
Service
As
part
of outsourced functions, the Customer Service Call Centers managed almost
288,000
contacts
with customers in 2005. These contacts were primarily handled through the
Customer Service Representatives, Automated Phone System, and Web site
by
the
subservicer.
Remittance
Processing
The
Remittance Processing division processes all payments, loan payoffs and payoff
demand statements.
Collections
and Loss Mitigation
The
Collections and Loss Mitigation unit helps delinquent borrowers avoid
foreclosure. Efforts are tailored to the specific borrower’s circumstances and
comply with the requirements of the underlying mortgage investor.
Foreclosure
and Bankruptcy
13
Foreclosure
and bankruptcy are complex processes that are subject to federal and state
laws
and regulations, as well as various guidelines imposed by mortgage investors
and
insurers.
Investor
Accounting
The
Investor Accounting department reconciles custodial accounts, processes investor
remittances, and maintains accounting records on behalf of OFS’s mortgage
investors, including Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae and Freddie Mac, as well as other
private investors.
Related
Services
OFS
performs several loan servicing functions that similar loan servicers typically
outsource to third parties. OFS believes the integration of these functions
gives OFS a competitive advantage by lowering overall servicing costs and
enabling OFS to provide a high level of service to our mortgage customers
and
mortgage investors. OFS’s integrated services include property tax payment
processing, acting as a foreclosure trustee, performing property inspections
and
insurance tracking and premium payment processing.
The
following table sets forth certain information regarding the OFS loan servicing
portfolio.
Servicing
Portfolio by Category as of December 31, 2005
|
||||
Principal
Outstanding
|
#
of
Loans
|
Average
Age
in
Months
|
||
Prime
Agencies
|
$
|
993,966,332
|
7,044
|
23.4
|
Government
Agencies
|
645,857,920
|
4,908
|
19.2
|
|
Private
Label Securitizations
|
6,036,428,296
|
24,689
|
7.6
|
|
Total
|
$
|
7,676,252,548
|
36,641
|
10.6
|
Other
Investments of Opteum and OFS
Opteum
and OFS may purchase interest rate caps to hedge against changes in its funding
rates. The purchaser of these caps is only at risk for the fee paid. Opteum
and
OFS may also enter into longer term funding arrangements with acceptable
counter-parties.
Opteum
intends to operate in a manner that will not subject it to regulation under
the
Investment Company Act. Although major changes are not anticipated at this
time,
the Company's Board of Directors has the authority to modify or waive its
current operating policies and strategies without prior notice to the Company’s
stockholders and without stockholder approval.
Policies
With Respect to Certain Other Activities
If
the
Company's Board of Directors determines that additional funding is required,
the
Company may raise such funds through additional offerings of equity or debt
securities or the retention of cash flow (subject to provisions in the Code
concerning distribution requirements and the taxability of undistributed
net
taxable income) or a combination of these methods. In the event that its
Board
of Directors determines to raise additional equity capital, it has the
authority, without stockholder approval, to issue additional common stock
or
preferred stock in any manner and on such terms and for such consideration
as it
deems appropriate, at any time.
Opteum
has authority to offer Class A Common Stock or other equity or debt
securities in exchange for property and to repurchase or otherwise reacquire
shares and may engage in such activities in the future.
Subject
to gross income and asset tests necessary for REIT qualification, Opteum
may
invest in securities of other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate
activities or securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of
exercising control over such entities.
14
The
Company may engage in the purchase and sale of investments. It does not
underwrite the securities of other issuers.
The
Company's Board of Directors may change any of these policies without prior
notice to its stockholders and without the approval of its stockholders.
Certain
Federal Income Tax Considerations
The
following discussion summarizes the material federal income tax considerations
regarding Opteum’s qualification and taxation as a REIT. The
information in this summary is based on the Code, current, temporary and
proposed Treasury regulations promulgated under the Code, the legislative
history of the Code, current administrative interpretations and practices
of the
Internal Revenue service (the "IRS") and court decisions, all as of the date
hereof. The administrative interpretations and practices of the IRS upon
which
this summary is based include its practices and policies as expressed in
private
letter rulings which are not binding on the IRS, except with respect to the
taxpayers who requested and received such rulings. No assurance can be given
that future legislation, Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations
and practices and court decisions will not significantly change current law,
or
adversely affect existing interpretations of existing law, on which the
information in this summary is based. Even if there is no change in applicable
law, no assurance can be provided that the statements made in the following
summary will not be challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a court
if so
challenged, and Opteum will not seek a ruling with respect to any part of
the
information discussed in this summary. This summary is qualified in its entirety
by the applicable provisions of the Code, Treasury regulations, and
administrative and judicial interpretations of the Code.
INVESTORS
ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL,
AND
FOREIGN TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF ACQUIRING, HOLDING AND DISPOSING OF OUR
CLASS A COMMON STOCK AND THE POTENTIAL CHANGES IN APPLICABLE TAX
LAWS.
General
Opteum
has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code commencing with its taxable
year ended December 31, 2003. Opteum believes that it has been organized
and operated, and intends to continue to be organized and to operate, in
a
manner so as to qualify as a REIT. However, no assurance can be given that
Opteum in fact qualifies or will remain qualified as a REIT.
Opteum's
qualification and taxation as a REIT depends on its ability to meet, through
actual annual operating results, income and asset requirements, distribution
levels, diversity of stock ownership, and the various other qualification
tests
imposed under the Code discussed below. While Opteum intends to operate so
that
it qualifies as a REIT, given the highly complex nature of the rules governing
REITs, the ongoing importance of factual determinations and the possibility
of
future changes in Opteum's circumstances or in the law, no assurance can
be
given that Opteum's actual results for any particular taxable year will satisfy
these requirements. In addition, qualification as a REIT may depend on future
transactions and events that cannot be known at this time.
So
long
as Opteum qualifies for taxation as a REIT, Opteum generally will be permitted
a
deduction for dividends that Opteum distributes to its stockholders. As a
result, Opteum generally will not be required to pay federal income taxes
on its
net taxable income that is currently distributed to its stockholders. This
treatment substantially eliminates the "double taxation" that ordinarily
results
from investment in a corporation. Double taxation means taxation once at
the
corporate level when income is earned and once again at the stockholder level
when this income is distributed. Under current law, dividends received by
non-corporate U.S. stockholders through 2008 from certain U.S. corporations
and
qualified foreign corporations generally are eligible for taxation at the
rates
applicable to long-term capital gains (a maximum of 15%). This substantially
reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the double taxation that has
historically applied to corporate dividends. With limited exceptions, however,
dividends paid by Opteum or other entities that are taxed as REITs are not
eligible for the reduced rates on dividends, and will continue to be taxed
at
rates applicable to ordinary income, which will be as high as 35% through
2010.
Even
as a
REIT, however, Opteum will be subject to federal taxation, as follows.
§
|
Opteum
will be required to pay tax at regular corporate rates on any
undistributed net taxable income, including undistributed net capital
gain.
|
§
|
Opteum
may be subject to the "alternative minimum tax" on its items of
tax
preference, if any.
|
15
§
|
If
Opteum has (i) net income from the sale or other disposition of
"foreclosure property" which is held primarily for sale to customers
in
the ordinary course of business or (ii) other non-qualifying income
from foreclosure property, Opteum will be required to pay tax at
the
highest corporate rate on this income. Foreclosure property is
generally
defined as property acquired through foreclosure or after a default
on a
loan secured by the property or on a lease of the property.
|
§
|
Opteum
will be required to pay a 100% tax on any net income from prohibited
transactions. Prohibited transactions are, in general, sales or
other
taxable dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property,
held
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business.
Under
existing law, whether property is held as inventory or primarily
for sale
to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends
on all
the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction.
|
§
|
If
Opteum fails to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross
income
test discussed below, but nonetheless maintains its qualification
as a
REIT because certain other requirements are met, Opteum will be
subject to
a 100% tax on an amount equal to the greater of (i) the amount by
which Opteum fails the 75% gross income test and (ii) the amount by
which Opteum fails the 95% gross income test, multiplied by a fraction
intended to reflect its profitability.
|
§
|
Commencing
with Opteum's taxable year beginning on January 1, 2005, if due to
reasonable cause Opteum fails to satisfy any of the REIT asset
tests, as
described below, by more than a de
minimis
amount, and Opteum nonetheless maintains its REIT qualification
because of
specified cure provisions, Opteum will be required to pay a tax
equal to
the greater of $50,000 or the highest corporate tax rate multiplied
by the
net taxable income generated by the nonqualifying assets.
|
§
|
Commencing
with Opteum's taxable year beginning on January 1, 2005, if Opteum
fails to satisfy any provision of the Code that would result in
its
failure to qualify as a REIT (other than a violation of the REIT
gross
income or asset tests described below) and the violation is due
to
reasonable cause, Opteum may retain its REIT qualification but
Opteum will
be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.
|
§
|
Opteum
will be required to pay a 4% excise tax on the excess of the required
distribution over the amounts actually distributed if Opteum fails
to
distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 85% of
its ordinary net taxable income for the year; (ii) 95% of its capital
gain net income for the year; and (iii) any undistributed taxable
income from prior periods. This distribution requirement is in
addition
to, and different from, the distribution requirements discussed
below.
|
§
|
If
Opteum acquires any asset from a corporation which is or has been
taxed as
a C corporation under the Code in a transaction in which the basis
of the
asset in Opteum's hands is determined by reference to the basis
of the
asset in the hands of the C corporation, and Opteum subsequently
recognizes gain on the disposition of the asset during the 10-year
period
beginning on the date that Opteum acquired the asset, then Opteum
will be
required to pay tax at the highest regular corporate tax rate on
this gain
to the extent of the excess of (i) the fair market value of the
asset, over (ii) Opteum's adjusted basis in the asset, in each case
determined as of the date on which Opteum acquired the asset. The
results
described in this paragraph with respect to the recognition of
gain will
apply unless an election under Treasury regulation
Section 1.337(d)-7(c) is made to cause the C corporation to recognize
all of the gain inherent in the property at the time of acquisition
of the
asset.
|
§
|
Opteum
will generally be subject to tax on the portion of any excess inclusion
income derived from an investment in residual interests in REMICs
to the
extent its stock is held by specified tax-exempt organizations
not subject
to tax on unrelated business taxable income.
|
§
|
Opteum
could be subject to a 100% excise tax if its dealings with any
of its TRSs
are not at arm's length.
|
In
addition, OFS has elected to be treated as a TRS, which is an entity that
is
subject to federal, state, and local income taxation. OFS’ ability to deduct
interest paid or accrued to Opteum for federal, state and local tax purposes
is
also subject to certain limitations.
Requirements
for Qualification as a REIT
The
Code
defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
16
(i) that
is
managed by one or more trustees or directors;
(ii)
|
that
issues transferable shares or transferable certificates to evidence
beneficial ownership;
|
(iii)
|
that
would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for Sections 856
through
859 of the Code;
|
(iv)
|
that
is not a financial institution or an insurance company within the
meaning
of the Code;
|
(v)
|
that
is beneficially owned by 100 or more persons;
|
(vi)
|
not
more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of which is owned,
actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (as defined
in
the Code to include certain entities), during the last half of
each
taxable year (the " 5¤50
Rule"); and
|
(vii)
|
that
meets other tests, described below, regarding the nature of its
income and
assets and the amount of its distributions.
|
The
Code
provides that all of the first four conditions stated above must be met during
the entire taxable year and that the fifth condition must be met during at
least
335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate
part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. The fifth and sixth
conditions do not apply until after the first taxable year for which an election
is made to be taxed as a REIT.
Opteum's
charter provides for restrictions regarding ownership and transfer of its
stock.
These restrictions are intended to assist Opteum in satisfying the share
ownership requirements described in the fifth and sixth conditions above.
These
restrictions, however, may not ensure that Opteum will, in all cases, be
able to
satisfy the stock ownership rules. If Opteum fails to satisfy any of these
stock
ownership rules, and no other relief provisions apply, its qualification
as a
REIT may terminate. If, however, Opteum complied with the rules contained
in the
applicable Treasury regulations that require a REIT to determine the actual
ownership of its stock and Opteum does not know, or would not have known
through
the exercise of reasonable diligence, that Opteum failed to meet the requirement
of the 5¤50
Rule,
Opteum would not be disqualified as a REIT.
To
monitor its compliance with the stock ownership tests, Opteum is required
to
maintain records regarding the actual ownership of its shares of stock. To
do
so, Opteum is required to demand written statements each year from the record
holders of certain percentages of its shares of stock in which the record
holders are to disclose the actual owners of the shares (i.e.,
the
persons required to include Opteum's dividends in gross income). A list of
those
persons failing or refusing to comply with this demand must be maintained
as
part of Opteum's records. A record holder who fails or refuses to comply
with
the demand must submit a statement with its tax return disclosing the actual
ownership of the shares of stock and certain other information.
In
addition, a corporation generally may not elect to become a REIT unless its
taxable year is the calendar year. Opteum's taxable year is the calendar
year.
Effect
of Subsidiary Entities
Opteum
owns 100% of the stock of OFS. Opteum has made an election to treat OFS as
a
TRS. A TRS may earn income that would be nonqualifying income if earned directly
by a REIT and is generally subject to full corporate level tax. A REIT may
own
up to 100% of all outstanding stock of a TRS. However, no more than 20% of
a
REIT's assets may consist of the securities of TRSs. Any dividends that a
REIT
receives from a TRS will generally be eligible to be taxed at the preferential
rates applicable to qualified dividend income and, for purposes of REIT gross
income tests, will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income
test but not the 75% gross income test. Certain restrictions imposed on TRSs
are
intended to ensure that such entities will be subject to appropriate levels
of
federal income taxation. First, a TRS may not deduct interest payments made
in
any year to an affiliated REIT to the extent that such payments exceed,
generally, 50% of the TRS’ adjusted taxable income for that year (although the
TRS may carry forward to, and deduct in, a succeeding year the disallowed
interest amount if the 50% test is satisfied in that year). Additionally,
if a
TRS pays interest, rent or another amount to a REIT that exceeds the amount
that
would be paid to an unrelated party in an arm's length transaction, an excise
tax equal to 100% of such excess will be imposed.
17
An
unincorporated domestic entity, such as a partnership or limited liability
company, that has a single owner, generally is not treated as an entity separate
from its parent for federal income tax purposes. If Opteum owns 100% of the
interests of such an entity, Opteum will be treated as owning its assets
and
receiving its income directly. An unincorporated domestic entity with two
or
more owners generally is treated as a partnership for federal income tax
purposes. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership that has
other partners, the REIT is treated as owning its proportionate share of
the
assets of the partnership and as earning its proportionate share of the gross
income of the partnership, based on its percentage of capital interests,
for the
purposes of the applicable REIT qualification tests. Commencing with Opteum's
taxable year beginning on January 1, 2005, solely for purposes of the 10%
value test described below, the determination of a REIT's interest in
partnership assets will be based on the REIT's proportionate interest in
any
securities issued by the partnership, excluding for these purposes, certain
excluded securities as described in the Code. Thus, Opteum's proportionate
share
of the assets, liabilities and items of income of any partnership, joint
venture
or limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal
income
tax purposes in which Opteum acquires an interest directly or indirectly
will be
treated as Opteum's assets and gross income for purposes of applying the
various
REIT qualification requirements.
Income
Tests
Opteum
must satisfy two gross income requirements annually to maintain its
qualification as a REIT. First, Opteum must derive at least 75% of its gross
income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, from specified
real
estate sources, including rental income, interest on obligations secured
by
mortgages on real property or on interests in real property, dividends or
other
distributions on, and gain from the sale of, stock in other REITs, gain from
the
disposition of “real estate assets" (i.e.,
interests in real property, mortgages secured by real property or interests
in
real property, and some other assets) and income from certain types of temporary
investments. Second, Opteum must derive at least 95% of its gross income,
excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and qualifying hedges
entered into after December 31, 2004, from the sources of income that satisfy
the 75% gross income test described above, and dividends, interest and gain
from
the sale or disposition of stock or securities, and qualifying interest rate
swap and cap agreements, options, futures and forward contracts entered into
before January 1, 2005 to hedge debt incurred to acquire and own real estate
assets.
For
these
purposes, interest earned by a REIT ordinarily does not include any interest
if
the determination of all or some of the amount of interest depends on the
income
or profits of any person. An amount will generally not be excluded from the
term
"interest," however, solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage
or
percentages of receipts or sales.
Any
amount includible in Opteum's gross income with respect to a regular or residual
interest in a REMIC generally is treated as interest on an obligation secured
by
a mortgage on real property. If, however, less than 95% of the assets of
a REMIC
consists of real estate assets (determined as if Opteum held such assets),
Opteum will be treated as receiving directly its proportionate share of the
income of the REMIC. In addition, if Opteum receives interest income with
respect to a mortgage loan that is secured by both real property and other
property and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during
a
taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property on the date
Opteum became committed to make or purchase the mortgage loan, a portion
of the
interest income, equal to (i) such highest principal amount minus such
value, divided by (ii) such highest principal amount, generally will not be
qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Interest income
received with respect to non-REMIC pay-through bonds and pass-through debt
instruments, such as collateralized mortgage obligations or CMOs, however,
generally will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income
test.
Opteum
inevitably may have some gross income from sources that will not be qualifying
income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests. However, Opteum
intends to maintain its qualification as a REIT by monitoring and limiting
any
such non-qualifying income.
If
Opteum
fails to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any
taxable year, Opteum may nevertheless, qualify as a REIT for such taxable
year
if Opteum is entitled to relief under applicable provisions of the Code.
Generally, Opteum may be entitled to relief if:
•
|
its
failure to meet these tests was due to reasonable cause and not
due to
willful neglect
|
•
|
Opteum
attaches a schedule of the sources of its income to its federal
income tax
return and
|
•
|
any
incorrect information on the schedule was not due to fraud with
intent to
evade tax.
|
18
Commencing
with Opteum's taxable year beginning on January 1, 2005, in order to
maintain its qualification as a REIT, if Opteum fails to satisfy the 75%
or 95%
gross income test, such failure must be due to reasonable cause and not due
to
willful neglect, and, following its identification of such failure for any
taxable year, Opteum must set forth a description of each item of its gross
income that satisfies the REIT gross income tests in a schedule for the taxable
year filed in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Treasury.
If
Opteum
is entitled to avail itself of the relief provisions, Opteum will maintain
its
qualification as a REIT but will be subject to certain taxes as described
above.
Opteum may not, however, be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions
in all circumstances. If these relief provisions do not apply to a particular
set of circumstances, Opteum will not qualify as a REIT. Opteum may not always
be able to maintain compliance with the gross income tests for REIT
qualification despite monitoring its income.
Foreclosure
Property
Net
income realized by Opteum from foreclosure property is generally subject
to tax
at the maximum federal corporate tax rate (currently at 35%). Foreclosure
property is real property and related personal property that is acquired
through
foreclosure following a default on a lease of such property or indebtedness
secured by such property and for which an election is made to treat the property
as foreclosure property.
Prohibited
Transaction Income
Any
gain
realized by Opteum on the sale of any asset other than foreclosure property,
held as inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the
ordinary course of a trade or business, will be prohibited transaction income
and subject to a 100% excise tax. Prohibited transaction income may also
adversely affect Opteum's ability to satisfy the gross income test for
qualification as a REIT. Whether an asset is held as inventory or primarily
for
sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends on
all
facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. While the
Code
provides a safe harbor which, if met, would cause a sale of an asset to not
be
treated as a prohibited transaction, Opteum may not be able to meet the
requirements of the safe harbor in all circumstances. Any sales of assets
made
through a TRS, such as OFS, will not be subject to the prohibited transaction
tax but will be subject to regular corporate income taxation.
Asset
Tests
At
the
close of each quarter of its taxable year, Opteum must satisfy four tests
relating to the nature and diversification of its assets. First, at least
75% of
the value of its total assets must be represented by real estate assets,
cash,
cash items and government securities. Second, not more than 25% of its total
assets may be represented by securities, other than those securities included
in
the 75% asset test. Third, the value of the securities Opteum owns in any
taxable REIT subsidiaries, in the aggregate, may not exceed 20% of the value
of
its total assets. Fourth, of the investments included in the 25% asset class,
the value of any one issuer's securities may not exceed 5% of the value of
Opteum's total assets and Opteum generally may not own more than 10% by vote
or
value of any one issuer's outstanding securities, in each case except with
respect to securities of qualified REIT subsidiaries or TRSs and in the case
of
the 10% value test except with respect to "straight debt" having specified
characteristics and other excluded securities, as described in the Code,
including, but not limited to, any loan to an individual or an estate, any
obligation to pay rents from real property and any security issued by a REIT.
In
addition, (i) Opteum's interest as a partner in a partnership is not
considered a security for purposes of applying the 10% value test; (ii) any
debt instrument issued by a partnership (other than straight debt or other
excluded security) will not be considered a security issued by the partnership
if at least 75% of the partnership's gross income is derived from sources
that
would qualify for the 75% gross income test, and (iii) any debt instrument
issued by a partnership (other than straight debt or other excluded security)
will not be considered a security issued by the partnership to the extent
of
Opteum's interest as a partner in the partnership.
Qualified
real estate assets include interests in mortgages on real property to the
extent
the principal balance of a mortgage does not exceed the fair market value
of the
associated real property, regular or residual interests in a REMIC (except
that,
if less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC consist of "real estate assets"
(determined as if Opteum held such assets), Opteum will be treated as holding
directly its proportionate share of the assets of such REMIC), and shares
of
other REITs. Non-REMIC CMOs, however, generally do not qualify as qualified
real
estate assets for this purpose.
Opteum
believes that all or substantially all of the mortgage related securities
that
Opteum owns are and will be qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset
test. However, to the extent that Opteum owns non-REMIC CMOs or other debt
instruments secured by mortgage loans (rather than by real property) or debt
securities issued by C corporations that are not secured by mortgages on
real
property, those securities may not be qualifying assets for purposes of the
75%
asset test. Opteum will monitor the status of its assets for purposes of
the
various asset tests and will seek to manage its portfolio to comply at all
times
with such tests.
19
After
initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, Opteum will
not
lose its qualification as a REIT for failure to satisfy the asset tests at
the
end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in asset values. If Opteum
fails to satisfy the asset tests because Opteum acquires securities during
a
quarter, Opteum can cure this failure by disposing of sufficient non-qualifying
assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. Commencing with its
taxable year beginning on January 1, 2005, if Opteum fails to meet the 5%
or 10% asset tests, after the 30 day cure period, Opteum may dispose of
sufficient assets (generally within six months after the last day of the
quarter
in which Opteum's identification of the failure to satisfy these asset tests
occurred) to cure such a violation that does not exceed a de
minimis
amount
equal to the lesser of 1% of its assets at the end of the relevant quarter
or
$10,000,000. For violations of any of the REIT asset tests that are due to
reasonable cause and that are larger than the de
minimis
amount
described above, Opteum may avoid disqualification as a REIT after the
30 day cure period by taking steps including the disposition of sufficient
assets to meet the asset test (generally within six months after the last
day of
the quarter in which Opteum's identification of the failure to satisfy the
REIT
asset test occurred) and paying a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or
the
highest corporate tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the
nonqualifying assets; provided that Opteum files a schedule for such quarter
describing each asset that causes it to fail to satisfy the asset test in
accordance with regulations prescribed by the Treasury.
Annual
Distribution Requirements
To
maintain its qualification as a REIT, Opteum is required to distribute
dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to its stockholders in an amount
at least equal to the sum of: (i) 90% of its REIT taxable income, and
(ii) 90% of its after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property,
less (iii) the excess of the sum of certain items of its non-cash income
items over 5% of its REIT taxable income. In general, for this purpose, Opteum's
REIT taxable income is ordinary net taxable income computed without regard
to
the dividends paid deduction and net capital gain.
Only
distributions that qualify for the "dividends paid deduction" available to
REITs
under the Code are counted in determining whether the distribution requirements
are satisfied. Opteum must make these distributions in the taxable year to
which
they relate, or in the following taxable year, if they are declared before
Opteum timely files its tax return for that year, paid on or before the first
regular dividend payment following the declaration and Opteum elects on its
tax
return to have a specified dollar amount of such distributions treated as
if
paid in the prior year. For these and other purposes, dividends declared
by
Opteum in October, November or December of one taxable year and payable to
a
stockholder of record on a specific date in any such month shall be treated
as
both paid by Opteum and received by the stockholder during such taxable year,
provided that the dividend is actually paid by Opteum by January 31 of the
following taxable year.
In
addition, dividends distributed by Opteum must not be preferential. If a
dividend is preferential, it will not qualify for the dividends paid deduction.
To avoid being preferential, every stockholder of the class of stock to which
a
distribution is made must be treated the same as every other stockholder
of that
class, and no class of stock may be treated other than according to its dividend
rights as a class.
To
the
extent that Opteum does not distribute all of its net capital gain, or Opteum
distributes at least 90%, but less than 100%, of its REIT taxable income,
Opteum
will be required to pay tax on this undistributed income at regular ordinary
and
capital gain corporate tax rates. Furthermore, if Opteum fails to distribute
during each calendar year (or, in the case of distributions with declaration
and
record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, by the
end
of the January immediately following such year) at least the sum of (i) 85%
of its REIT ordinary income for such year, (ii) 95% of its REIT capital
gain income for such year, and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from
prior periods, Opteum will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on
the
excess of such required distribution over the amounts actually distributed.
Opteum intends to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual
distribution requirements.
Because
Opteum may deduct capital losses only to the extent of its capital gains,
Opteum
may have taxable net income that exceeds its economic income. In addition,
Opteum will recognize taxable net income in advance of the related cash flow
if
any of its subordinated mortgage related securities are deemed to have original
issue discount. For federal income tax purposes, Opteum generally must accrue
original issue discount based on a constant yield method that takes into
account
projected prepayments. As a result of the foregoing, Opteum may have less
cash
than is necessary to distribute all of its taxable net income and thereby
avoid
corporate income tax and the excise tax imposed on certain undistributed
income.
In such a situation, Opteum may need to borrow funds or issue additional
common
or preferred stock.
20
Under
certain circumstances, Opteum may be able to rectify a failure to meet the
distribution requirements for a year by paying "deficiency dividends" to
its
stockholders in a later year, which may be included in Opteum's deduction
for
dividends paid for the earlier year. Although Opteum may be able to avoid
being
taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends, Opteum will be required
to
pay to the IRS interest based upon the amount of any deduction taken for
deficiency dividends.
Excess
Inclusion Income
If
Opteum
acquires a residual interest in a REMIC, Opteum may realize excess inclusion
income. If Opteum is deemed to have issued debt obligations having two or
more
maturities, the payments on which correspond to payments on mortgage loans
owned
by it, such arrangement will be treated as a taxable mortgage pool for federal
income tax purposes. If all or a portion of Opteum is treated as a taxable
mortgage pool, its qualification as a REIT generally should not be impaired.
However, a portion of Opteum's taxable net income may be characterized as
excess
inclusion income and allocated to its stockholders, generally in a manner
set
forth under the applicable Treasury regulations. The Treasury Department
has not
yet issued regulations governing the tax treatment of stockholders of a REIT
that owns an interest in a taxable mortgage pool. Excess inclusion income
is an
amount, with respect to any calendar quarter, equal to the excess, if any,
of
(i) income tax allocable to the holder of a residual interest in a REMIC
during such calendar quarter over (ii) the sum of amounts allocated to each
day in the calendar quarter equal to its ratable portion of the product of
(a) the adjusted issue price of the interest at the beginning of the
quarter multiplied by (b) 120% of the long-term federal rate (determined on
the basis of compounding at the close of each calendar quarter and properly
adjusted for the length of such quarter). Opteum's excess inclusion income
would
be allocated among its stockholders. A stockholder's share of any excess
inclusion income could not be offset by net operating losses of a stockholder;
would be subject to tax as unrelated business taxable income to a tax-exempt
holder; would be subject to the application of the federal income tax
withholding (without reduction pursuant to any otherwise applicable income
tax
treaty) with respect to amounts allocable to non-U.S. stockholders; and would
be
taxable (at the highest corporate tax rates) to Opteum, rather than its
stockholders, to the extent allocable to Opteum's stock held by disqualified
organizations (generally, tax-exempt entities not subject to unrelated business
income tax, including governmental organizations).
Hedging
Transactions
From
time
to time the Company may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one
or
more of its assets or liabilities. The Company's hedging transactions could
take
a variety of forms, including interest rate cap agreements, options, futures
contracts, forward rate agreements, or similar financial instruments. The
Company may enter into other hedging transactions, including rate locks and
guaranteed financial contracts. To the extent that the Company enters into
an
interest rate swap or cap contract, option, futures contract, forward rate
agreement, or any similar financial instrument prior to January 1, 2005 to
reduce its interest rate risk on indebtedness incurred to acquire or carry
real
estate assets, any payment under or gain from the disposition of hedging
transactions should be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income
test, but not the 75% gross income test. To the extent the Company hedges
with
other types of financial instruments or for other purposes prior to January
1,
2005, any payment under or gain from such transactions would not be qualifying
income for purposes of the 95% or 75% gross income tests. Commencing with
the
Company's taxable year beginning on January 1, 2005, except to the extent
provided by Treasury regulations, any income from a hedging transaction entered
into after December 31, 2004 to manage risk of interest rate or price changes
or
currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary
obligations incurred or to be incurred, by the Company, which is clearly
identified as such before the close of the day on which it was acquired,
originated, or entered into, including gain from the sale or disposition
of such
a transaction, will not constitute gross income for purposes of the 95% gross
income test, to the extent that the transaction hedges any indebtedness incurred
or to be incurred by the Company to acquire or carry real estate assets.
Opteum
will monitor the income generated by any such transactions in order to ensure
that such gross income, together with any other nonqualifying income received
by
it, will not cause it to fail to satisfy the 95% or 75% gross income tests.
Failure
to Qualify as a REIT
If
Opteum
fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief
provisions of the Code do not apply, Opteum will be required to pay taxes,
including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on its taxable income in
that
taxable year and all subsequent taxable years at regular corporate rates.
Distributions to its stockholders in any year in which Opteum fails to qualify
as a REIT will not be deductible by it and Opteum will not be required to
distribute any amounts to its stockholders. As a result, Opteum anticipates
that
its failure to qualify as a REIT would reduce the cash available for
distribution to its stockholders. In addition, if Opteum fails to qualify
as a
REIT, all distributions to its stockholders will be taxable as dividends
from a
C corporation to the extent of its current and accumulated earnings and profits,
and U.S. individual stockholders may be taxable at preferential rates on
such
dividends, and U.S. corporate stockholders may be eligible for the
dividends-received deduction. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory
provisions, Opteum would also be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for
the
four taxable years following the year in which Opteum loses its qualification.
Commencing with its taxable year beginning on January 1, 2005, specified
cure provisions may be available to Opteum in the event Opteum violates a
provision of the Code that would result in its failure to qualify as a REIT.
Opteum would be provided additional relief in the event that it violates
a
provision of the Code that would result in its failure to qualify as a REIT
(other than violations of the REIT gross income or asset tests, as described
above, for which other specified cure provisions are available) if (i) the
violation is due to reasonable cause, and (ii) Opteum pays a penalty of
$50,000 for each failure to satisfy the provision.
21
State,
Local and Foreign Taxation
Opteum
may be required to pay state, local and foreign taxes in various state, local
and foreign jurisdictions, including those in which Opteum transacts business
or
makes investments, and Opteum's stockholders may be required to pay state,
local
and foreign taxes in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions, including
those in which they reside. Opteum's state, local and foreign tax treatment
may
not conform to the federal income tax consequences summarized above.
OFS
has
elected to be treated as a TRS, which is an entity that is subject to federal,
state and local income taxation. In addition, the ability of OFS to deduct
interest paid or accrued to Opteum for federal, state and local tax purposes
is
subject to certain limitations.
Possible
Legislative or Other Action Affecting REITs
The
rules
dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons
involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the Treasury Department,
resulting in revisions of regulations and revised interpretations of established
concepts as well as statutory changes. Revisions in federal tax laws and
interpretations thereof could affect the tax consequences of an investment
in
the Company.
Custodian
Bank
Opteum
has engaged J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. to serve as its custodian bank.
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. is entitled to fees for its services.
Competition
Opteum
Inc.
When
Opteum invests in mortgage related securities and other investment assets,
it
competes with a variety of institutional investors, including other REITs,
insurance companies, mutual funds, pension funds, investment banking firms,
banks and other financial institutions that invest in the same types of assets.
Many of these investors have greater financial resources and access to lower
costs of capital than Opteum does. The existence of these competitive entities,
as well as the possibility of additional entities forming in the future,
may
increase the competition for the acquisition of mortgage related securities,
resulting in higher prices and lower yields on assets.
Opteum
Financial Services
OFS
faces
intense competition, primarily from commercial banks, savings and loans,
and
other independent mortgage lenders, including internet-based lending companies
and other mortgage REITs. Competitors with lower costs of capital have a
competitive advantage over OFS. In addition, establishing a mortgage lending
operation such as OFS’s requires a relatively small commitment of capital and
human resources, which permits new competitors to enter the markets quickly
and
to effectively compete with OFS. Furthermore, national banks, thrifts and
their
operating subsidiaries are generally exempt from complying with many of the
state and local laws that affect our operations, such as the prohibition
on
prepayment penalties. Thus, they may be able to provide more competitive
pricing
and terms than OFS can offer. As mortgage products are offered more widely
through alternative distribution channels, such as the internet, OFS may
be
required to make significant changes to its current wholesale and retail
structures and information systems to compete effectively.
Available
Information
22
The
Internet address of the Company's corporate website is www.opteum.com. Opteum
provides copies of its periodic reports (on Forms 10-K and 10-Q) and current
reports (on Form 8-K), as well as the beneficial ownership reports filed by
its directors, officers and 10% stockholders (on Forms 3, 4 and
5) available free of charge through its website as soon as reasonably
practicable after they are filed electronically with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the “Commission”). The Company may from time to time provide
important disclosures to investors by posting them in the investor relations
section of its website, as allowed by securities rules.
Materials
Opteum files with the Commission may be read and copied at the Commission's
Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549.
Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained
by
calling the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. The Commission also maintains an
Internet website at www.sec.gov that will contain the Opteum's reports, proxy
information statements, and other information regarding Opteum that it will
file
electronically with the Commission.
Employees
As
of
December 31, 2005, Opteum had 11 full-time employees and OFS had 1,066 full
time employees.
Financial
Information about Segments
See
Item
8 “Financial Statements” for information about segments required by this Item
1.
Seasonality
See
Item
1A “Risk Factors—Risks related to OFS’s profitability—The mortgage banking
business is seasonal and OFS’s operating results vary accordingly” for
information regarding the seasonal nature of the mortgage banking business
of
OFS.
23
ITEM
1A. Risk Factors.
Risks
Related to the REIT Investment Portfolio
Interest
rate mismatches between Opteum’s adjustable-rate securities and its borrowings
used to fund purchases of the mortgage-related securities may reduce net
income
or result in a loss during periods of changing interest
rates.
As
of
December 31, 2005, 57.4% of the fair value of the MBS in Opteum’s portfolio was
adjustable rate MBS and 20.2% were hybrid adjustable rate MBS, and these
percentages may increase as Opteum modifies the mix of securities in the
portfolio. This means that the interest rates of the securities may vary
over
time based on changes in a short-term interest rate index, of which there
are
many. Opteum finances its acquisitions of adjustable-rate securities in part
with borrowings that have interest rates based on indices and repricing terms
similar to, but perhaps with shorter maturities than, the interest rate indices
and repricing terms of the adjustable-rate securities. Short-term interest
rates
are ordinarily lower than longer-term interest rates. During periods of changing
interest rates, this interest rate mismatch between Opteum’s assets and
liabilities could reduce or eliminate net income and dividend yield and could
cause Opteum to suffer a loss. In particular, in a period of rising interest
rates, Opteum could experience a decrease in, or elimination of, net income
or a
net loss because the interest rates on Opteum’s borrowings adjust faster than
the interest rates on the adjustable-rate securities.
Interest
rate fluctuations will also cause variances in the yield curve, which may
reduce
Opteum’s net income. The relationship between short-term and longer-term
interest rates is often referred to as the "yield curve." If short-term interest
rates rise disproportionately relative to longer-term interest rates (a
flattening of the yield curve), Opteum’s borrowing costs may increase more
rapidly than the interest income earned on our assets. Because Opteum’s assets
may bear interest based on longer-term rates than its borrowings, a flattening
of the yield curve would tend to decrease net income and the market value
of
mortgage loan assets. Additionally, to the extent cash flows from investments
that return scheduled and unscheduled principal are reinvested in mortgage
loans, the spread between the yields of the new investments and available
borrowing rates may decline, which would likely decrease Opteum’s net income. It
is also possible that short-term interest rates may exceed longer-term interest
rates (a yield curve inversion), in which event Opteum’s borrowing costs may
exceed its interest income and it could incur operating losses.
A
significant portion of Opteum’s portfolio consists of fixed-rate MBS, which may
cause Opteum to experience reduced net income or a loss during periods of
rising
interest rates.
As
of
December 31, 2005, 17.5% of the fair value of MBS in Opteum’s portfolio
consisted of fixed-rate and balloon maturity MBS. Because the interest rate
on a
fixed-rate mortgage never changes, over time there can be a divergence between
the interest rate on the loan and the current market interest rates. Opteum
funds its acquisition of fixed-rate MBS with short-term repurchase agreements
and term loans. During periods of rising interest rates, Opteum’s costs
associated with borrowings used to fund the acquisition of fixed-rate assets
are
subject to increases while the income it earns from these assets remains
substantially fixed. This would reduce and could eliminate the net interest
spread between the fixed-rate MBS that Opteum purchases and the borrowings
used
to purchase them, which would reduce net interest income and could cause
Opteum
to suffer a loss.
Increased
levels of prepayments on the mortgages underlying Opteum’s mortgage-related
securities might decrease net interest income or result in a net
loss.
Pools
of
mortgage loans underlie the mortgage-related securities that Opteum acquires.
Opteum generally receives payments from the payments that are made on these
underlying mortgage loans. When Opteum acquires mortgage-related securities,
it
anticipates that the underlying mortgages will prepay at a projected rate
generating an expected yield. When borrowers prepay their mortgage loans
faster
than expected it results in corresponding prepayments on the mortgage-related
securities that are faster than expected. Faster-than-expected prepayments
could
potentially harm the results of Opteum’s operations in various ways, including
the following:
•
|
Opteum
seeks to purchase some mortgage-related securities that have a
higher
interest rate than the market interest rate at the time. In exchange
for
this higher interest rate, Opteum will be required to pay a premium
over
the market value to acquire the security. In accordance with applicable
accounting rules, Opteum will be required to amortize this premium
over
the term of the mortgage-related security. If the mortgage-related
security is prepaid in whole or in part prior to its maturity date,
however, Opteum must expense any unamortized premium that remained
at the
time of the prepayment.
|
24
•
|
A
portion of Opteum’s adjustable-rate MBS may bear interest at rates that
are lower than their fully indexed rates, which are equivalent
to the
applicable index rate plus a margin. If an adjustable-rate mortgage-backed
security is prepaid prior to or soon after the time of adjustment
to a
fully-indexed rate, Opteum will have held that mortgage-related
security
while it was less profitable and lost the opportunity to receive
interest
at the fully indexed rate over the remainder of its expected
life.
|
•
|
If
Opteum is unable to acquire new mortgage-related securities to
replace the
prepaid mortgage-related securities, Opteum’s financial condition, results
of operations and cash flow may suffer and it could incur losses.
|
Prepayment
rates generally increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest
rates rise, but changes in prepayment rates are difficult to predict. Prepayment
rates also may be affected by other factors, including, without limitation,
conditions in the housing and financial markets, general economic conditions
and
the relative interest rates on adjustable-rate and fixed-rate mortgage loans.
While Opteum seeks to minimize prepayment risk, it must balance prepayment
risk
against other risks and the potential returns of each investment when selecting
investments. No strategy can completely insulate the Company from prepayment
or
other such risks.
Opteum
may incur increased borrowing costs related to repurchase agreements that
would
harm Opteum’s results of operations.
Opteum’s
borrowing costs under repurchase agreements are generally adjustable and
correspond to short-term interest rates, such as LIBOR or a short-term Treasury
index, plus or minus a margin. The margins on these borrowings over or under
short-term interest rates may vary depending upon a number of factors,
including, without limitation:
•
|
the
movement of interest rates;
|
•
|
the
availability of financing in the market; and
|
•
|
the
value and liquidity of Opteum’s mortgage-related securities.
|
Most
of
the Opteum’s borrowings are collateralized borrowings in the form of repurchase
agreements. If the interest rates on these repurchase agreements increase,
Opteum’s results of operations will be harmed and it may incur losses.
Interest
rate caps on Opteum’s adjustable-rate MBS may reduce its income or cause it to
suffer a loss during periods of rising interest rates.
Adjustable-rate
MBS are typically subject to periodic and lifetime interest rate caps. Periodic
interest rate caps limit the amount an interest rate can increase during
any
given period. Lifetime interest rate caps limit the amount an interest rate
can
increase through the maturity of a mortgage-backed security. Opteum’s borrowings
typically are not subject to similar restrictions. Accordingly, in a period
of
rapidly increasing interest rates, the interest rates paid on Opteum’s
borrowings could increase without limitation while caps could limit the interest
rates on its adjustable-rate MBS. This problem is magnified for adjustable-rate
MBS that are not fully indexed. Further, some adjustable-rate MBS may be
subject
to periodic payment caps that result in a portion of the interest being deferred
and added to the principal outstanding. As a result, the Company may receive
less cash income on adjustable-rate MBS than it needs to pay interest on
its
related borrowings.
As
of
December 31, 2005, the adjustable-rate MBS in Opteum’s portfolio were subject to
a weighted average lifetime interest rate cap of 10.5% and a weighted average
periodic interest rate cap of 1.8% and the hybrid adjustable-rate MBS in
Opteum’s portfolio were subject to a weighted average lifetime interest rate cap
of 9.9% and a weighted average periodic interest rate cap of 1.7%. Interest
rate
caps on Opteum’s MBS could reduce its net interest income or cause it to suffer
a net loss if interest rates were to increase beyond the level of the caps.
Opteum
may not be able to purchase interest rate caps at favorable prices, which
could
cause us to suffer a loss in the event of significant changes in interest
rates.
Opteum’s
policies permit it to purchase interest rate caps to help it reduce Opteum’s
interest rate and prepayment risks associated with our investments in
mortgage-related securities. This strategy potentially helps the Company
reduce
Opteum’s exposure to significant changes in interest rates. A cap contract is
ultimately no benefit to Opteum unless interest rates exceed the target rate.
If
Opteum purchases interest rate caps but does not experience a corresponding
increase in interest rates, the costs of buying the caps would reduce Opteum’s
earnings. Alternatively, Opteum may decide not to enter into a cap transaction
due to its expense, and it would suffer losses if interest rates later rise
substantially. Opteum’s ability to engage in interest rate hedging transactions
is limited by the REIT gross income requirements. See "Legal and Tax Risks"
below.
25
Opteum’s
leverage strategy increases the risks of Opteum’s operations, which could reduce
net income and the amount available for distributions to stockholders or
cause
Opteum to suffer a loss.
Opteum
generally seeks to borrow between eight and 12 times the amount of Opteum’s
equity, although at times its borrowings may be above or below this amount.
For
purposes of this calculation, the Opteum treats trust preferred securities
as an
equity capital equivalent. The Company incurs this indebtedness by borrowing
against a substantial portion of the market value of its mortgage-related
securities. The Company’s total indebtedness, however, is not expressly limited
by its policies and will depend on its and its prospective lender's estimate
of
the stability of its portfolio's cash flow. As a result, there is no limit
on
the amount of leverage that Opteum may incur. Opteum faces the risk that
it
might not be able to meet its debt service obligations or a lender's margin
requirements from its income and, to the extent Opteum cannot, it might be
forced to liquidate some of its assets at unfavorable prices. Opteum’s use of
leverage amplifies the risks associated with other risk factors, which could
reduce its net income and the amount available for distributions to stockholders
or cause it to suffer a loss. For example:
•
|
A
majority of Opteum’s borrowings are secured by its mortgage-related
securities, generally under repurchase agreements. A decline in
the market
value of the mortgage-related securities used to secure these debt
obligations could limit Opteum’s ability to borrow or result in lenders
requiring it to pledge additional collateral to secure its borrowings.
In
that situation, Opteum could be required to sell mortgage-related
securities under adverse market conditions in order to obtain the
additional collateral required by the lender. If these sales are
made at
prices lower than the carrying value of the mortgage-related securities,
Opteum would experience losses.
|
•
|
A
default under a mortgage-related security that constitutes collateral
for
a loan could also result in an involuntary liquidation of the
mortgage-related security, including any cross-collateralized
mortgage-related securities. This would result in a loss to Opteum
of the
difference between the value of the mortgage-related security upon
liquidation and the amount borrowed against the mortgage-related
security.
|
•
|
To
the extent Opteum is compelled to liquidate qualified REIT assets
to repay
debts, Opteum’s compliance with the REIT rules regarding its assets and
its sources of income could be negatively affected, which would
jeopardize
its qualification as a REIT. Losing Opteum’s REIT qualification would
cause it to lose tax advantages applicable to REITs and would decrease
profitability and distributions to stockholders.
|
•
|
If
Opteum experiences losses as a result of its leverage policy, such
losses
would reduce the amounts available for distribution to stockholders.
|
An
increase in interest rates may adversely affect the Company’s book value, which
may harm the value of its Class A Common Stock.
Increases
in interest rates may negatively affect the fair market value of the Company’s
mortgage-related securities. The Company’s fixed-rate MBS will generally be more
negatively affected by such increases. In accordance with GAAP, the Company
will
be required to reduce the carrying value of the Company’s mortgage-related
securities by the amount of any decrease in the fair value of our
mortgage-related securities compared to amortized cost. If unrealized losses
in
fair value occur, the Company will have to either reduce current earnings
or
reduce stockholders' equity without immediately affecting current earnings,
depending on how we classify the mortgage-related securities under GAAP.
In
either case, the Company’s net book value will decrease to the extent of any
realized or unrealized losses in fair value.
Changes
in yields may harm the value of the Company’s Class A Common Stock.
The
Company’s earnings will be derived primarily from the expected positive spread
between the yield on the Company’s assets and the cost of its borrowings. There
is no assurance that there will be a positive spread in either high interest
rate environments or low interest rate environments, or that the spread will
not
be negative. In addition, during periods of high interest rates, the Company’s
net income, and therefore the dividend yield on its Class A Common Stock,
may be
less attractive compared to alternative investments of equal or lower risk.
Each
of these factors could harm the market value of the Company’s Class A Common
Stock.
26
Opteum
depends on borrowings to purchase mortgage-related securities and reach Opteum’s
desired amount of leverage. If Opteum fails to obtain or renew sufficient
funding on favorable terms or at all, it will be limited in its ability to
acquire mortgage-related securities, which will harm its results of
operations.
Opteum
depends on borrowings to fund acquisitions of mortgage-related securities
and
reach Opteum’s desired amount of leverage. Accordingly, Opteum’s ability to
achieve its investment and leverage objectives depends on its ability to
borrow
money in sufficient amounts and on favorable terms. In addition, Opteum must
be
able to renew or replace Opteum’s maturing borrowings on a continuous basis.
Opteum depends on many lenders to provide the primary credit facilities for
Opteum’s purchases of mortgage-related securities. If Opteum cannot renew or
replace maturing borrowings on favorable terms or at all, it may have to
sell
its mortgage-related securities under adverse market conditions, which would
harm its results of operations and may result in permanent losses.
Possible
market developments could cause Opteum’s lenders to require it to pledge
additional assets as collateral. If Opteum’s assets were insufficient to meet
the collateral requirements, it might be compelled to liquidate particular
assets at inopportune times and at unfavorable prices.
Possible
market developments, including a sharp or prolonged rise in interest rates,
a
change in prepayment rates or increasing market concern about the value or
liquidity of one or more types of mortgage-related securities in which Opteum’s
portfolio is concentrated, might reduce the market value of its portfolio,
which
might cause its lenders to require additional collateral. Any requirement
for
additional collateral might compel Opteum to liquidate its assets at inopportune
times and at unfavorable prices, thereby harming its operating results. If
Opteum sells mortgage-related securities at prices lower than the carrying
value
of the mortgage-related securities, it would experience losses.
Opteum’s
use of repurchase agreements to borrow funds may give Opteum’s lenders greater
rights in the event that either Opteum or any of its lenders file for
bankruptcy, which may make it difficult for it to recover is collateral in
the
event of a bankruptcy filing.
Opteum’s
borrowings under repurchase agreements may qualify for special treatment
under
the bankruptcy code, giving its lenders the ability to avoid the automatic
stay
provisions of the bankruptcy code and to take possession of and liquidate
its
collateral under the repurchase agreements without delay if Opteum files
for
bankruptcy. Furthermore, the special treatment of repurchase agreements under
the bankruptcy code may make it difficult for Opteum to recover its pledged
assets in the event that its lender files for bankruptcy. Thus, the use of
repurchase agreements exposes Opteum’s pledged assets to risk in the event of a
bankruptcy filing by either Opteum’s lenders or Opteum.
Because
the assets that Opteum acquires might experience periods of illiquidity,
Opteum
might be prevented from selling its mortgage-related securities at favorable
times and prices, which could cause it to suffer a loss and/or reduce
distributions to stockholders.
Although
Opteum plans to hold its mortgage-related securities until maturity, there
may
be circumstances in which Opteum sells certain of these securities.
Mortgage-related securities generally experience periods of illiquidity.
As a
result, Opteum may be unable to dispose of its mortgage-related securities
at
advantageous times and prices or in a timely manner. The lack of liquidity
might
result from the absence of a willing buyer or an established market for these
assets, as well as legal or contractual restrictions on resale. The illiquidity
of mortgage-related securities may harm Opteum’s results of operations and could
cause it to suffer a loss and/or reduce distributions to stockholders.
The
Company’s board of directors may change its operating policies and strategies
without prior notice or stockholder approval and such changes could harm
its
business and results of operations and the value of its Class A Common
Stock.
Although
the Company’s board of directors has no current plans to do so, it has the
authority to modify or waive its current operating policies and its strategies
(including its election to operate as a REIT) without prior notice to you
and
without your approval. Any such changes to the Company’s current operating
policies and strategies may be unsuccessful and may have an adverse effect
on
its business, operating results and the market value of its Class A Common
Stock.
Competition
might prevent Opteum from acquiring mortgage-related securities at favorable
yields, which could harm its results of operations.
Opteum’s
net income largely depends on its ability to acquire mortgage-related securities
at favorable spreads over its borrowing costs. In acquiring mortgage-related
securities, Opteum competes with other REIT’s, investment banking firms, savings
and loan associations, banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, other lenders
and other entities that purchase mortgage-related securities, many of which
have
greater financial resources than Opteum does. Additionally, many of Opteum’s
competitors are not subject to REIT tax compliance or required to maintain
an
exemption from the Investment Company Act. As a result, Opteum may not be
able
to acquire sufficient mortgage-related securities at favorable spreads over
its
borrowing costs, which would harm its results of operations.
27
Opteum’s
investment strategy involves risk of default and delays in payments, which
could
harm its results of operations.
Opteum
may incur losses if there are payment defaults under its mortgage-related
securities. Opteum’s mortgage-related securities will be government or agency
certificates. Agency certificates are mortgage-related securities issued
by
Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae. Payment of principal and interest
underlying securities issued by Ginnie Mae are guaranteed by the U.S.
Government. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage-related securities are
guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by the respective agency
issuing the security. It is possible that guarantees made by Freddie Mac
or
Fannie Mae would not be honored in the event of default on the underlying
securities. Legislation may be proposed to change the relationship between
certain agencies, such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, and the federal government.
This may have the effect of reducing the actual or perceived credit quality
of
mortgage-related securities issued by these agencies. As a result, such
legislation could increase the risk of loss on investments in Fannie Mae
and/or
Freddie Mac mortgage-related securities. Opteum currently intends to continue
to
invest in such securities, even if such agencies' relationships with the
federal
government changes.
Decreases
in the value of the property underlying Opteum’s mortgage-related securities
might decrease the value of its assets.
The
mortgage-related securities in which Opteum invests are secured by underlying
real property interests. To the extent that the market value of the property
underlying Opteum’s mortgage-related securities decreases, its securities might
be impaired, which might decrease the value of its assets.
If
Opteum fails to maintain relationships with AVM, L.P. and its affiliate III
Associates, or if it does not establish relationships with other repurchase
agreement trading, clearing and administrative service providers, it may
have to
reduce or delay its operations and/or increase its
expenditures.
Opteum
has engaged AVM, L.P. and its affiliate III Associates, to provide it with
certain repurchase agreement trading, clearing and administrative services.
If
Opteum is unable to maintain relationships with AVM and III Associates or
is
unable to establish successful relationships with other repurchase agreement
trading, clearing and administrative service providers, it may have to reduce
or
delay Opteum’s operations and/or increase its expenditures and undertake the
repurchase agreement trading, clearing and administrative services on its
own.
Hedging
transactions may adversely affect the Company’s earnings, which could adversely
affect cash available for distribution to its
stockholders.
The
Company may enter into interest rate cap or swap agreements or pursue other
hedging strategies, including the purchase of puts, calls or other options
and
futures contracts. The Company’s hedging activity will vary in scope based on
the level and volatility of interest rates and principal prepayments, the
type
of MBS it holds, and other changing market conditions. Hedging may fail to
protect or could adversely affect the Company because, among other things:
•
|
hedging
can be expensive, particularly during periods of rising and volatile
interest rates;
|
•
|
available
interest rate hedging may not correspond directly with the interest
rate
risk for which protection is sought;
|
•
|
the
duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related
liability;
|
•
|
certain
types of hedges may expose the Company to risk of loss beyond the
fee paid
to initiate the hedge;
|
•
|
the
amount of income that a REIT may earn from hedging transactions
is limited
by federal income tax provisions governing REITs;
|
•
|
the
credit quality of the party owing money on the hedge may be downgraded
to
such an extent that it impairs the Company’s ability to sell or assign its
side of the hedging transaction; and
|
•
|
the
party owing money in the hedging transaction may default on its
obligation
to pay.
|
The
Company’s hedging activity may adversely affect the Company’s earnings, which
could adversely affect cash available for distribution to stockholders.
28
Terrorist
attacks and other acts of violence or war may affect any market for the
Company’s Class A Common Stock, the industry in which the Company conducts its
operations, and its profitability.
Terrorist
attacks may harm the Company’s results of operations and your investment. The
Company cannotassure you that there will not be further terrorist attacks
against the United States or U.S. businesses. These attacks or armed conflicts
may directly impact the property underlying the Company’s mortgage-related
securities or the securities markets in general. Losses resulting from these
types of events are uninsurable. More generally, any of these events could
cause
consumer confidence and spending to decrease or result in increased volatility
in the United States and worldwide financial markets and economies. They
also
could result in economic uncertainty in the United States or abroad. Adverse
economic conditions could harm the value of the property underlying the
Company’s mortgage-related securities or the securities markets in general,
which could harm its operating results and revenues and may result in the
volatility of the market value of its Class A Common Stock.
Current
loan performance data may not be indicative of future results.
When
making capital budgeting and other decisions, the Company uses projections,
estimates and assumptions based on the Company’s experience with mortgage loans.
Actual results and the timing of certain events could differ materially in
adverse ways from those projected, due to factors including changes in general
economic conditions, fluctuations in interest rates, fluctuations in mortgage
loan prepayment rates and fluctuations in losses due to defaults on mortgage
loans. These differences and fluctuations could rise to levels that may
adversely affect the Company’s profitability.
Risks
Related to the Company’s Officers
The
Company depends substantially on two individuals to operate its business,
and
the loss of such persons would severely and detrimentally affect its
operations.
The
Company depends substantially on two individuals, Mr. Zimmer, our Chairman,
Chief Executive Officer and President, and Mr. Cauley, our Vice Chairman,
Chief
Investment Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to manage its business. The
Company depends on the diligence, experience and skill of Mr. Zimmer and
Mr.
Cauley for the selection, acquisition, structuring and monitoring of our
mortgage-related securities and associated borrowings. Although the Company
has
entered into employment contracts with Messrs. Zimmer and Cauley, those
employment contracts may not prevent either Messrs. Zimmer or Cauley from
leaving Opteum. The loss of either of them would likely have a severe negative
effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flow and results of
operations.
The
Company’s officers own shares of its Class B Common Stock and may take undue
risks in managing Opteum in order to cause a conversion of these
shares.
In
connection with the Company’s formation, its founders and officers, Messrs.
Zimmer and Cauley, were issued an aggregate of 319,388 shares of the Company’s
Class B Common Stock. These shares of Class B Common Stock will begin to
convert
to shares of Class A Common Stock when stockholders' equity attributable
to
Class A Common Stock is no less than $15.00 per share. Accordingly, the
Company’s officers may take undue risks in managing Opteum in an attempt to
increase stockholders' equity and cause a conversion of these shares. See
"Description of Capital Stock—Common Stock—Conversion of the Class B Common
Stock and Class C Common Stock Rights."
Legal
and Tax Risks
If
Opteum fails to qualify as a REIT, it will be subject to federal income tax
as a
regular corporation and may face a substantial tax
liability.
Opteum
intends to operate in a manner that allows it to qualify as a REIT for federal
income tax purposes. However, REIT qualification involves the satisfaction
of
numerous requirements (some on an annual or quarterly basis) established
under
technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended, or the Internal Revenue Code, for which only a limited number of
judicial or administrative interpretations exist. The determination that
Opteum
qualifies as a REIT requires an analysis of various factual matters and
circumstances that may not be totally within its control. Accordingly, it
is not
certain Opteum will be able to qualify and remain qualified as a REIT for
federal income tax purposes. Even a technical or inadvertent violation of
the
REIT requirements could jeopardize Opteum’s REIT qualification. Furthermore,
Congress or the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, might change the tax laws
or
regulations and the courts might issue new rulings, in each case potentially
having a retroactive effect that could make it more difficult or impossible
for
Opteum to qualify as a REIT. If Opteum fails to qualify as a REIT in any
tax
year, then:
•
|
it
would be taxed as a regular domestic corporation, which, among
other
things, means that it would be unable to deduct distributions to
stockholders in computing taxable income and would be subject to
federal
income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate rates;
|
29
•
|
any
resulting tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the
amount
of cash available for distribution to stockholders, and could force
Opteum
to liquidate assets at inopportune times, causing lower income
or higher
losses than would result if these assets were not liquidated; and
|
•
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unless
Opteum was entitled to relief under applicable statutory provisions,
it
would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the subsequent
four
taxable years following the year during which it lost its qualification,
and its cash available for distribution to its stockholders therefore
would be reduced for each of the years in which it does not qualify
as a
REIT.
|
Even
if
Opteum remains qualified as a REIT, it may face other tax liabilities that
reduce its cash flow. Opteum may also be subject to certain federal, state
and
local taxes on its income and property, and its OFS subsidiary is treated
as a
"taxable REIT subsidiary," which is a fully taxable corporation for federal
income tax purposes. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for
distribution to the Company’s stockholders.
Complying
with REIT requirements may cause Opteum to forego otherwise attractive
opportunities.
To
qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, Opteum must continually
satisfy tests concerning, among other things, its sources of income, the
nature
and diversification of its assets, the amounts it distributes to its
stockholders and the ownership of its stock. Opteum may also be required
to make
distributions to its stockholders at unfavorable times or when it does not
have
funds readily available for distribution. Thus, compliance with REIT
requirements may hinder Opteum’s ability to operate solely with the goal of
maximizing profits.
In
addition, the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code impose a 100%
tax on
income from "prohibited transactions." Prohibited transactions generally
include
sales of assets that constitute inventory or other property held for sale
to
customers in the ordinary course of business, other than foreclosure property.
This 100% tax could impact Opteum’s ability to sell mortgage-related securities
at otherwise opportune times if it believes such sales could result in Opteum
being treated as engaging in prohibited transactions. However, Opteum would
not
be subject to this tax if it were to sell assets through a TRS. Opteum will
also
be subject to a 100% tax on certain amounts if the economic arrangements
between
it and its TRS are not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated
parties. See "Certain Federal Income Tax Considerations."
Complying
with REIT requirements may limit Opteum’s ability to hedge effectively, which
could in turn leave it more exposed to the effects of adverse changes in
interest rates.
The
REIT
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code may substantially limit Opteum’s ability
to hedge mortgage-related securities and related borrowings by generally
requiring it to limit its income in each year from qualified hedges, together
with any other income not generated from qualified REIT real estate assets,
to
less than 25% of its gross income. In addition, Opteum must limit its aggregate
gross income from non-qualified hedges, fees, and certain other non-qualifying
sources, to less than 5% of its annual gross income. As a result, Opteum
may in
the future have to limit the use of hedges or implement hedges through a
TRS.
This could result in greater risks associated with changes in interest rates
than Opteum would otherwise want to incur. If Opteum fails to satisfy the
25% or
5% limitations, unless its failure was due to reasonable cause and not due
to
willful neglect and it meets certain other technical requirements, it could
lose
its REIT qualification. Even if Opteum’s failure was due to reasonable cause, it
may have to pay a penalty tax equal to the amount of income in excess of
certain
thresholds, multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect its profitability.
Dividends
paid by REITs generally do not qualify for reduced tax rates.
In
general, the maximum federal income tax rate for dividends paid to individual
U.S. stockholders is 15% (through 2008). Dividends paid by REITs, however,
are
generally not eligible for the reduced rates. The more favorable rates
applicable to regular corporate dividends could cause stockholders who are
individuals to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive
than investments in the stock of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends,
which
could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including the Company’s
Class A Common Stock.
To
maintain Opteum’s REIT qualification, Opteum may be forced to borrow funds on
unfavorable terms or sell its securities at unfavorable prices to make
distributions to stockholders.
As
a
REIT, Opteum must distribute at least 90% of its annual net taxable income
(excluding net capital gains) to stockholders. To the extent that Opteum
satisfies this distribution requirement, but distributes less than 100% of
its
net taxable income, it will be subject to federal corporate income tax. In
addition, Opteum will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the
actual
amount that it pays to its stockholders in a calendar year is less than a
minimum amount specified under The Internal Revenue Code. From time to time,
Opteum may generate taxable income greater than its income for financial
reporting purposes from, among other things, amortization of capitalized
purchase premiums, or its net taxable income may be greater than its cash
flow
available for distribution to its stockholders. If Opteum does not have other
funds available in these situations, it could be required to borrow funds,
sell
a portion of its mortgage-related securities at unfavorable prices or find
other
sources of funds in order to meet the REIT distribution requirements and
to
avoid corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax. These other sources could
increase Opteum’s costs or reduce equity and reduce amounts available to invest
in mortgage-related securities.
30
Reliance
on legal opinions or statements by issuers of mortgage-related securities
could
result in a failure to comply with REIT gross income or asset
tests.
When
purchasing mortgage-related securities, Opteum may rely on opinions of counsel
for the issuer or sponsor of such securities, or statements made in related
offering documents, for purposes of determining whether and to what extent
those
securities constitute REIT real estate assets for purposes of the REIT asset
tests and produce income which qualifies under the REIT gross income tests.
The
inaccuracy of any such opinions or statements may adversely affect Opteum’s REIT
qualification and result in significant corporate-level tax.
Possible
legislative or other actions affecting REIT's could adversely affect the
Company
and its stockholders.
The
rules
dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons
involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and
the
U.S. Treasury Department. The Company’s business may be harmed by changes to the
laws and regulations affecting it, including changes to securities laws and
changes to the Internal Revenue Code provisions applicable to the taxation
of
REITs. New legislation may be enacted into law, or new interpretations, rulings
or regulations could be adopted, any of which could adversely affect the
Company
and the Company’s stockholders, potentially with retroactive effect.
Opteum
may recognize excess inclusion income that would increase the tax liability
of
our stockholders.
If
Opteum
recognizes excess inclusion income and allocates it to stockholders, this
income
cannot be offset by net operating losses of the stockholders. If the stockholder
is a tax-exempt entity, then this income would be fully taxable as unrelated
business taxable income under Section 512 of the Internal Revenue Code. If
the
stockholder is a foreign person, such income would be subject to federal
income
tax withholding without reduction or exemption pursuant to any otherwise
applicable income tax treaty. In addition, to the extent the Company’s stock is
owned by tax-exempt "disqualified organizations," such as government-related
entities that are not subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income,
although Treasury regulations have not yet been drafted to clarify the law,
it
may incur a corporate level tax at the highest applicable corporate tax rate
on
the portion of Opteum’s excess inclusion income that is allocable to such
disqualified organizations.
Excess
inclusion income could result if Opteum holds a residual interest in a real
estate mortgage investment conduit, or REMIC. Excess inclusion income also
could
be generated if Opteum were to issue debt obligations with two or more
maturities and the terms of the payments on these obligations bore a
relationship to the payments that we received on our mortgage-related securities
securing those debt obligations (i.e., if Opteum was to own an interest in
a
taxable mortgage pool). However, Treasury regulations have not been issued
regarding the allocation of excess inclusion income to stockholders of a
REIT
that owns an interest in a taxable mortgage pool. Opteum does not expect
to
acquire significant amounts of residual interests in REMICs, other than
interests owned by OFS, which is treated as a separate taxable entity for
these
purposes. Opteum intends to structure our borrowing arrangements in a manner
designed to avoid generating significant amounts of excess inclusion income.
Opteum does, however, expect to enter into various repurchase agreements
that
have differing maturity dates and afford the lender the right to sell any
pledged mortgaged securities if we default on its obligations.
A
portion of the Company’s distributions may be deemed a return of capital for
U.S. federal income tax purposes.
The
amount of the Company’s distributions to the holders of our Class A Common Stock
in a given quarter may not correspond to our net taxable income for such
quarter. To the extent the Company’s distributions exceed the Company’s net
taxable income, the distribution will be treated as a return of capital for
federal income tax purposes. A return of capital distribution will not be
taxable to the extent of a stockholder's tax basis in its shares but will
reduce
a stockholder's basis in its shares of Class A Common Stock.
31
The
Company’s reported GAAP financial results differ from the taxable income results
that drive its dividend distributions, and its consolidated balance sheet,
income statement, and statement of cash flows as reported for GAAP purposes
may
be difficult to interpret.
The
Company’s dividend distributions are driven by its dividend distribution
requirements under the REIT tax laws and our profits as calculated for tax
purposes pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code. The Company’s reported results
for GAAP purposes differ materially, however, from both its cash flows and
its
taxable income. OFS transfers mortgage loans or mortgage securities held
as
available-for-sale into securitization trusts to obtain long-term non-recourse
funding for these assets. When OFS surrenders control over the transferred
mortgage loans or mortgage securities held as available-for-sale, the
transaction is accounted for as a sale. In the future, if OFS retains control
over the transferred mortgage loans or mortgage securities available-for-sale,
the transaction will be accounted for as a secured borrowing. These
securitization transactions do not differ materially in their structure or
cash
flow generation characteristics, yet under GAAP accounting these transactions
are recorded differently. In securitization transactions that OFS accounts
for
as sales, OFS typically records a gain or loss on the assets transferred
in its
income statement and records the retained interests at fair value on its
balance
sheet. In securitization transactions that OFS accounts for as secured
borrowings, which OFS may do in the future, they consolidate all the assets
and
liabilities of the trust on their financial statements. As a result of this
and
other accounting issues, stockholders and analysts must undertake a complex
analysis to understand the Company’s economic cash flows, actual financial
leverage, and dividend distribution requirements. This complexity may hinder
the
trading of the Company’s stock or may lead observers to misinterpret its
results.
Recent
legislation related to corporate governance may increase the Company’s costs of
compliance and its liability.
Recently
enacted and proposed laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate
governance and disclosure requirements applicable to public companies, including
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, new Commission regulations and NYSE rules
have
increased the costs of corporate governance, reporting and disclosure practices.
These costs may increase in the future due to the Company’s continuing
implementation of compliance programs mandated by these requirements. In
addition, these new laws, rules and regulations create new legal bases for
administrative enforcement, civil and criminal proceedings against us in
case of
non-compliance, thereby increasing the Company’s risks of liability and
potential sanctions.
Failure
to maintain an exemption from the Investment Company Act would harm the
Company’s results of operations.
The
Company intends to conduct its business so as not to become regulated as
an
investment company under the Investment Company Act. If the Company fails
to
qualify for this exemption, its ability to use leverage would be substantially
reduced and it would be unable to conduct its business. The Investment Company
Act exempts entities that are primarily engaged in the business of purchasing
or
otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on, and interests in, real
estate.
Under the current interpretation of the SEC staff, in order to qualify for
this
exemption, the Company must maintain at least 55% of our assets directly
in
these qualifying real estate interests, with at least 25% of our remaining
assets invested in real estate-related securities. Mortgage-related securities
that do not represent all of the certificates issued with respect to an
underlying pool of mortgages may be treated as separate from the underlying
mortgage loans and, thus, may not qualify for purposes of the 55% requirement.
Therefore, the Company’s ownership of these mortgage-related securities is
limited by the provisions of the Investment Company Act.
As
of
December 31, 2005, 58.1% of the Company’s portfolio constituted qualifying
interests in mortgage-related securities for purposes of the Investment Company
Act. In satisfying the 55% requirement under the Investment Company Act,
the
Company treats as qualifying interests mortgage-related securities issued
with
respect to an underlying pool as to which it holds all issued certificates.
If
the SEC or its staff adopts a contrary interpretation of such treatment,
the
Company could be required to sell a substantial amount of its mortgage-related
securities under potentially adverse market conditions. Further, in order
to
ensure that the Company at all times qualify for the exemption under the
Investment Company Act, it may be precluded from acquiring mortgage-related
securities whose yield is higher than the yield on mortgage-related securities
that could be purchased in a manner consistent with the exemption. These
factors
may lower or eliminate the Company’s net income.
32
Risks
Related to OFS’s Origination Business
If
OFS does not obtain the necessary state licenses and approvals, OFS will
not be
allowed to acquire, fund or originate mortgage loans in some states, which
would
adversely affect OFS’s operations.
Certain
states in which OFS does business require that OFS be licensed to conduct
business. As part of the Company’s acquisition of OFS, OFS will be required to
reapply for new licenses and approvals under existing licenses. The Company
cannot assure you that all the necessary licenses and approvals can be obtained
in a timely manner or at all.
OFS’s
failure to comply with federal, state or local regulation of, or licensing
requirements with respect to, mortgage lending, loan servicing, broker
compensation programs, local branch operations or other aspects of OFS’s
business could harm OFS’s operations and profitability.
As
a
mortgage lender, loan servicer and broker, OFS is subject to an extensive
body
of both state and federal law. The volume of new or modified laws and
regulations has increased in recent years and, in addition, some individual
municipalities have begun to enact laws that restrict loan origination and
servicing activities. As a result, it may be more difficult to comprehensively
identify and accurately interpret all of these laws and regulations and to
properly program OFS’s technology systems and effectively train OFS’s personnel
with respect to all of these laws and regulations, thereby potentially
increasing their exposure to the risks of noncompliance with these laws and
regulations. OFS’s failure to comply with these laws can lead to:
•
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civil
and criminal liability;
|
•
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loss
of licensure;
|
•
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damage
to OFS’s reputation in the industry;
|
•
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inability
to sell or securitize OFS’s loans;
|
•
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demands
for indemnification or loan repurchases from purchasers of OFS’s loans;
|
•
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fines
and penalties and litigation, including class action lawsuits;
or
|
•
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administrative
enforcement actions.
|
Any
of
these results could harm OFS’s retained residual interests in securitizations
and thus their results of operations, financial condition and business
prospects.
New
legislation could restrict OFS’s ability to originate mortgage loans, which
could harm OFS’s earnings.
Several
states, cities or other government entities are considering or have passed
laws,
regulations or ordinances aimed at curbing predatory lending practices. The
federal government is also considering legislative and regulatory proposals
in
this regard. In general, these proposals involve lowering the existing
thresholds for defining a "high-cost" loan and establish enhanced protections
and remedies for borrowers who receive such loans. Passage of these laws
and
rules could reduce OFS’s loan origination volume. In addition, many whole loan
buyers may elect not to purchase any loan labeled as a "high cost" loan under
any local, state or federal law or regulation. Rating agencies likewise may
refuse to rate securities backed by such loans. Accordingly, these laws and
rules could severely restrict the secondary market for a portion (typically
less
than 15.0%) of OFS’s loan production. This would effectively preclude OFS from
continuing to originate loans either in jurisdictions unacceptable to the
rating
agencies or that exceed the newly defined thresholds which could harm OFS’s
business prospects, earnings and results of operations.
OFS
relies on key personnel with long-standing business relationships, the loss
of
any of whom would impair OFS’s ability to operate
successfully.
OFS’s
continued future success depends, to a significant extent, on the continued
services of Peter R. Norden, OFS’s President and Chief Executive Officer, and
other key members of its senior management team. In particular, the extent
and
nature of the relationships that these individuals have developed with financial
institutions and existing and prospective mortgage loan origination channels
is
critically important to the success of its business. Although OFS has entered
into employment agreements with Mr. Norden and certain of its other senior
executives, these executives may not remain employed by OFS. Nevertheless,
the
loss of services of one or more members of OFS’s senior management team could
harm OFS’s business and OFS’s prospects.
33
Failure
to attract and retain qualified loan originators could harm OFS’s
business.
OFS
depends on its loan originators to generate customers by, among other things,
developing relationships with consumers, real estate agents and brokers,
builders, corporations and others, which OFS believes leads to repeat and
referral business. Accordingly, OFS must be able to attract, motivate and
retain
skilled loan originators. In addition, OFS’s growth strategy contemplates hiring
additional loan originators. The market for such persons is highly competitive
and historically has experienced a high rate of turnover. Competition for
qualified loan originators may lead to increased costs to hire and retain
them.
OFS cannot guarantee that it will be able to attract or retain qualified
loan
originators. If OFS cannot attract or retain a sufficient number of skilled
loan
originators, or even if OFS can retain them but at higher costs, OFS’s business
and results of operations could be harmed.
To
the extent OFS is unable to adapt to and implement technological changes
involving the loan origination process, OFS may have difficulty remaining
competitive and OFS’s loan origination business may be adversely
affected.
OFS’s
mortgage loan origination business is dependent upon its ability to interface
effectively with borrowers and other third parties and to process loan
applications efficiently. The origination process is becoming more dependent
upon technological advancements, such as the ability to process applications
over the Internet, interface with borrowers and other third parties through
electronic means and underwrite loan applications using specialized software.
Implementing new technology and maintaining the efficiency of the current
technology used in its operations may require significant capital expenditures.
As these requirements increase in the future, OFS will have to develop these
technological capabilities fully to remain competitive or its loan origination
business may be significantly harmed.
If
OFS does not manage its growth effectively, its financial performance could
be
harmed.
In
recent
years, OFS has experienced growth at rates that have applied pressure to
OFS’s
management, administrative, operational and financial infrastructure. OFS
expects to continue to experience those and other pressures on the Company’s
organization, including the need for us and for OFS to hire additional
experienced personnel to meet their growth and OFS’s needs related to its
ability to originate quality loans in accordance with its current mortgage
loan
origination focus and strategies. OFS expects to need to attract and hire
additional experienced managers and loan officers in a competitive hiring
environment and, at the same time, continue to upgrade and expand our financial,
operational and managerial systems and controls. The Company cannot assure
you
that OFS will be able to meet its capital needs, expand its systems effectively
or hire and retain qualified employees in sufficient numbers to meet its
requirements. Any failure by OFS to manage its current level of business
or its
growth effectively may result in increased costs and decreased loan production,
and could negatively affect the Company’s business, financial condition,
liquidity, profitability, cash flows, and the Company’s ability to make
distributions to its stockholders.
OFS
is subject to the risk that provisions of its loan agreements may be
unenforceable.
OFS’s
rights and obligations with respect to its loans are governed by written
loan
agreements and related documentation. It is possible that a court could
determine that one or more provisions of a loan agreement are unenforceable,
such as a loan prepayment provision or the provisions governing OFS’s security
interest in the underlying collateral. If this were to happen with respect
to a
material asset or group of assets, OFS could be required to repurchase these
loans and may not be able to sell or liquidate the loans.
Risks
Related to OFS’s Profitability
An
increase in interest rates could reduce the value of OFS’s loan inventory and
commitments and OFS’s hedging strategy may not protect it from interest rate
risk and may lead to losses.
The
value
of OFS’s loan inventory is based, in part, on market interest rates.
Accordingly, OFS may experience losses on loan sales if interest rates change
rapidly or unexpectedly. If interest rates rise after OFS fixes a price for
a
loan or commitment but before OFS closes or sells such loan, the value of
the
loan will decrease. If the amount OFS receives from selling the loan is less
than its cost of originating the loan, OFS may incur net losses, and its
business and operating results could be harmed. While OFS will enter into
hedging transactions with respect to one or more of its assets or liabilities
and will use other strategies to minimize its exposure to interest rate risks,
no hedging or other strategy can completely protect OFS. Its hedging activities
may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps and floors, options to
purchase these items, and futures and forward contracts. Additionally, the
nature and timing of hedging transactions may influence the effectiveness
of
these strategies. Poorly designed strategies or improperly executed transactions
could actually increase OFS’s risk and losses. In addition, hedging strategies
involve transaction and other costs. The Company cannot assure you that OFS’s
hedging strategy and the hedges that OFS makes will adequately offset the
risks
of interest rate volatility or that OFS hedges will not result in losses.
34
OFS’s
mortgage origination business may be harmed by rising interest rates.
A
significant percentage of OFS’s mortgage originations have been to customers
refinancing an existing loan to obtain a lower interest rate. Rising interest
rates would reduce the number of potential customers that can achieve a lower
interest rate from refinancing, and to a lesser extent the number of potential
customers that can afford to buy homes, and consequently would substantially
reduce the amount of loans originated by OFS’s loan origination business and the
revenue there from. If short-term interest rates exceed long-term interest
rates, there is a higher risk of increased loan prepayments, as borrowers
may
seek to refinance their fixed and adjustable rate mortgages at lower long-term
fixed interest rates. In addition, rising interest rates are likely to reduce
the margins achieved by OFS. While the prospect of rising interest rates
has
been incorporated into OFS’s projections, if interest rates rose to the point
where mortgage originations slowed more than expected or if margins decreased
more than expected, OFS would not earn the income it projects from its mortgage
origination business, and could suffer losses. While rising interest rates
generally have a beneficial impact on OFS’s mortgage servicing business, the
negative impact from rising interest rates on OFS’s mortgage origination
business is generally greater than the offsetting beneficial impact, and
consequently, in a period of rising interest rates, OFS’s earnings are projected
to decline.
OFS
may be harmed by falling interest rates.
OFS
could
suffer losses from its mortgage servicing business if interest rates remain
low
enough to cause a large number of borrowers whose loans are being serviced
by
OFS’s servicing business to refinance. In such instance OFS would experience
high amortization and possibly impairment of its servicing assets, and would
likely experience a loss from its servicing business.
Adverse
economic conditions or declining real estate values would likely result in
a
reduction of OFS’s mortgage origination activity, which would adversely affect
its ability to grow its mortgage loan portfolio.
An
economic downturn or a recession may have a significant adverse impact on
OFS’s
operations and financial condition, particularly if accompanied by declining
real estate values. Declining real estate values will likely reduce OFS’s level
of new mortgage loan originations, since borrowers often use increases in
the
value of their existing homes to support the refinancing of their existing
mortgage loans or the purchase of new homes at higher levels of borrowings.
To
the extent that the market value of the property underlying OFS’s mortgage loans
decreases, OFS’s loans might be impaired, which might decrease the value of its
assets. Any sustained period of increased payment delinquencies, foreclosures
or
losses could adversely affect OFS’s ability to sell and securitize loans, which
would significantly harm OFS’s revenues, results of operations, financial
condition and business prospects, which in turn would harm the Company’s
revenues, results of operations, financial condition and the Company’s ability
to make distributions to its stockholders.
Retaining
subordinated interests exposes OFS to increased credit risk.
OFS
has
maintained and may continue to maintain an interest in loans that it originates
and securitizes by retaining subordinated interests in MBS that evidence
interests in such loans. Subordinated interests are classes of MBS that may
incur losses experienced on the related loans prior to the more senior MBS
issued in the related transaction. If the actual rate and severity of losses
on
the related loans are higher than those assumed by OFS, the actual return
on
OFS’s investment in those subordinated interests may be lower than anticipated.
The
mortgage banking business is seasonal and OFS’s operating results vary
accordingly.
The
mortgage banking industry generally is subject to seasonal variations,
especially in states with adverse winter weather. Purchase money mortgage
loan
originations generally experience greater seasonal fluctuations than
refinancings, which tend to be less seasonal and more closely related to
changes
in interest rates. Sales and resales of homes in OFS’s markets, and accordingly
purchase money mortgage originations, typically peak during the spring and
summer seasons and decline to lower levels from mid-November through February.
In addition, delinquency rates typically rise in the winter months, which
results in higher servicing costs in OFS’s mortgage banking operations. The
magnitude of seasonal variations is beyond OFS’s control and could adversely
affect OFS’s business, especially if OFS is unable to take advantage of
increased mortgage volume during peak periods, or if peak periods do not
produce
anticipated mortgage volume. These variations may affect OFS’s revenues, results
of operations, financial condition and business prospectus, which in turn
may
affect our revenues, results of operations, financial condition, business
prospectus and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
35
OFS
may be subject to losses due to misrepresented or falsified information or
if
OFS obtains less than full documentation with respect to its mortgage
loans.
When
OFS
originates mortgage loans, it relies upon information supplied by borrowers
and
other third parties, including information contained in the applicant's loan
application, property appraisal reports, title information and employment
and
income documentation. If any of this information is misrepresented or falsified
and if OFS does not discover it before funding a loan, the actual value of
the
loan may be significantly lower than anticipated. As a practical matter,
OFS
generally would bear the risk of loss associated with a misrepresentation,
whether made by the loan applicant, the mortgage broker, another third party
or
one of OFS’s employees. A loan subject to a material misrepresentation typically
cannot be sold or is subject to repurchase or substitution if it is sold
or
securitized prior to detection of the misrepresentation. Although OFS may
have
rights against persons and entities who made or knew about the
misrepresentation, those persons and entities may be difficult to locate,
and it
is often difficult to collect from them any monetary losses that OFS may
have
suffered.
In
the
case of certain loan products, OFS does not receive full documentation of
the
borrower's income and/or assets. Instead, OFS bases its credit decision on
the
borrower's credit score and credit history, the value of the property securing
the loan and the effect of the loan on the borrower's debt service requirements.
During the years ended 2004 and December 31, 2005, OFS received less than
full
documentation of the borrower's income and/or assets on approximately 62.6%
and
64.6%, respectively, of mortgage loans, as measured by principal balance,
that
OFS originated. The Company believes that there is a higher risk of default
on
loans where there is less than full documentation of the borrower's income
and/or assets.
Some
of the loans that OFS originates are subprime, rather than prime, and generally
have delinquency and default rates higher than prime loans, which could result
in higher loan losses.
OFS
currently originates subprime loans, although all subprime loans are sold
in the
secondary market and none are retained in its portfolio. Subprime mortgage
loans
generally have higher delinquency and default rates than prime mortgage loans.
Delinquency interrupts the flow of projected interest income from a mortgage
loan, and default can ultimately lead to a loss if the net realizable value
of
the real property securing the mortgage loan is insufficient to cover the
principal and interest due on the loan. In whole loan sales, OFS’s risk of
delinquency typically only extends to the first payment. OFS also assumes
the
risks of delinquency and default for loans that it is obligated to repurchase.
OFS attempts to manage these risks with risk-based loan pricing and appropriate
underwriting policies. However, the Company cannot assure you that such
management policies will prevent delinquencies or defaults and, if such policies
and methods are insufficient to control OFS’s delinquency and default risks and
do not result in appropriate loan pricing, its business, financial condition,
liquidity and results of operations could be harmed. During the fiscal year
ended November 30, 2004 and the calendar year ended December 31, 2005, OFS
originated approximately $493.0 million and $790.8 million, respectively,
of
subprime mortgage loans, which constituted 10.2% and 12.2%, respectively,
of its
total originations.
OFS
faces intense competition that could harm its market share and its
revenues.
OFS
faces
intense competition from commercial banks, savings and loan associations
and
other finance and mortgage banking companies, as well as from Internet-based
lending companies and other lenders participating on the Internet. Entry
barriers in the mortgage industry are relatively low and increased competition
is likely. As OFS seeks to expand its business, it will face a greater number
of
competitors, many of whom will be well-established in the markets OFS seeks
to
penetrate. Many of its competitors are much larger than OFS, have better
name
recognition than OFS and have far greater financial and other resources.
OFS
cannot assure you that it will be able to effectively compete against them
or
any future competitors.
In
addition, competition may lower the rates OFS is able to charge borrowers,
thereby potentially lowering the amount of income on future loan sales and
sales
of servicing rights. Increased competition also may reduce the volume of
OFS’s
loan originations and loan sales. OFS cannot assure you that it will be able
to
compete successfully in this evolving market.
Risks
Related to OFS’s Ability to Sell Loans it Originates or
Purchases
OFS’s
business would suffer if it was unable to sell the mortgage loans that it
originates.
OFS
sells
all of the mortgage loans that it originates and that are not securitized
in the
secondary market. OFS’s ability to sell mortgage loans depends on the
availability of an active secondary market for residential mortgage loans.
Additionally, OFS sells substantially all of the mortgages to institutional
buyers. If these financial institutions cease to buy its loans and equivalent
purchasers cannot be found on a timely basis, then OFS’s business and results of
operations could be harmed. OFS’s results of operations could also be harmed if
these financial institutions or other purchasers lower the price they pay
to OFS
or adversely change the material terms of their loan purchases from OFS.
The
prices at which OFS sells its loans vary over time. A number of factors
determine the price OFS receives for its loans. These factors include:
36
• the
number of institutions that are willing to buy OFS’s loans;
• the
amount of comparable loans available for sale;
• the
levels of prepayments of, or defaults on, loans;
• the
types
and volume of loans OFS sells;
• the
level
and volatility of interest rates; and
• the
quality of OFS’s loans.
OFS’s
ability to sell mortgage loans to third parties also depends on its ability
to
remain eligible for the programs offered by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. If
the
criteria for mortgage loans to be accepted under these programs changes or
if
OFS loses its eligibility for any reason, or if its eligibility is impaired,
then our mortgage banking business would be harmed. Changes in laws in the
states where OFS operates could adversely affect its ability to sell loans.
OFS’s profitability from participating in any of these programs may vary
depending on a number of factors, including administrative costs of originating
and selling qualifying mortgage loans, and the costs imposed upon OFS by
the
purchasers' programs. Any decline in profitability from participating in
these
programs would harm OFS’s mortgage banking business.
OFS
has credit exposure with respect to loans it sells to the whole loan market
and
loans it sells to securitization entities.
OFS
has
potential credit and liquidity exposure for loans that are the subject of
fraud,
irregularities in its loan files or process, or that result in OFS breaching
the
representations and warranties in the contract of sale. In addition, when
OFS
sells loans to the whole loan market it has exposure for loans that default.
In
these cases, OFS may be obligated to repurchase loans at principal value,
which
could result in a significant decline in its available cash. When OFS purchases
loans from a third party that it sells into the whole loan market or to a
securitization trust, OFS obtains representations and warranties from the
counter-parties that sold the loans to it that generally parallel the
representations and warranties it provided to its purchasers. As a result,
the
Company believes that OFS has the potential for recourse against the seller
of
the loans. However, if OFS does hot have recourse against the seller, or
if the
original seller is not in a financial position to be able to repurchase the
loan, OFS may have to use cash resources to repurchase loans which could
adversely affect its liquidity.
Risks
Related to OFS’s Funding
The
terms of OFS’s warehouse credit facilities contain restrictive financial and
other covenants, which may restrict OFS’s ability to pay dividends to the
Company in situations where OFS is not in compliance with such
covenants.
The
terms
of OFS’s warehouse credit facilities contain restrictive financial and other
covenants that, among other things, will require OFS to maintain a minimum
ratio
of total liabilities to tangible net worth, minimum levels of tangible net
worth, liquidity and stockholders' equity, maximum leverage ratios, as well
as
to comply with applicable regulatory and other requirements. If OFS is not
in
compliance with these financial and other covenants in the warehouse credit
facilities, its ability to pay dividends the Company may be restricted, which
could reduce the earnings available for distribution to the Company’s
stockholders.
Possible
market developments could cause OFS’s lenders to require OFS to pledge
additional assets as collateral; if OFS’s assets are insufficient to meet such
collateral requirements, then OFS may be compelled to liquidate particular
assets at an inopportune time, which may cause OFS to incur
losses.
Possible
market developments, including a sharp rise in interest rates, a change in
prepayment rates or increasing market concern about the value or liquidity
of
the types of mortgage assets in OFS’s portfolio, may reduce the market value of
OFS’s portfolio, which may cause OFS’s lenders to require additional collateral
or otherwise limit its ability to borrow. This requirement for additional
collateral may compel OFS to liquidate its assets at a disadvantageous time.
If
the sales are made at prices lower than the amortized cost of such investments,
OFS would incur losses.
37
Failure
to renew or obtain adequate funding under warehouse repurchase agreements
may
harm OFS’s lending operations.
OFS
is
currently dependent upon a number of credit facilities for funding its mortgage
loan originations and its acquisitions. Any failure to renew or obtain adequate
funding under these financing arrangements for any reason, including OFS’s
inability to meet the covenants contained in such arrangements, could harm
OFS’s
lending operations and its overall performance. An increase in the cost of
financing in excess of any change in the income derived from OFS’s mortgage
assets could harm OFS’s earnings, which in turn would harm the Company’s
earnings and the Company’s ability to make distributions to its stockholders.
Risks
Related to OFS’s Securitization Activities
An
interruption or reduction in the securitization market or change in terms
offered by this market would hurt OFS’s financial
position.
OFS
is
dependent on the securitization market for the sale of its loans because
it
securitizes loans directly and many of its whole loan buyers purchase its
loans
with the intention to securitize. The securitization market is dependent
upon a
number of factors, including general economic conditions, conditions in the
securities market generally and in the asset-backed securities market
specifically. Similarly, poor performance of OFS’s previously securitized loans
could harm its access to the securitization market. A decline in OFS’s ability
to obtain long-term funding for its mortgage loans in the securitization
market
in general, or in OFS’s ability to obtain attractive terms or in the market's
demand for its loans could harm its results of operations, financial condition
and business prospects, which in turn could harm the Company’s results of
operations, financial condition and the Company’s ability to make distributions
to its stockholders.
Competition
in the securitization market may negatively affect OFS’s net
income.
Competition
in the business of sponsoring securitizations of the type OFS focuses on
is
increasing as Wall Street broker-dealers, mortgage REITs, investment management
companies, and other financial institutions expand their activities or enter
this field. Increased competition could reduce OFS’s securitization margins if
OFS has to pay a higher price for the long-term funding of these assets.
To the
extent that OFS’s securitization margins erode, OFS’s results of operations will
be negatively impacted.
Geographic
concentration of mortgage loans that OFS originates and Opteum purchases
increases the Company’s exposure to risks in those areas, especially in
California and Florida.
Over-concentration
of loans that OFS originates and Opteum purchases in any one geographic area
increases the Company’s exposure to the economic and natural hazard risks
associated with that area. Declines in the residential real estate markets
in
which the Company is concentrated may reduce the values of the properties
collateralizing mortgages which in turn may increase the risk of delinquency,
foreclosure, bankruptcy, or losses from those loans. To the extent that a
large
number of loans are impaired, OFS’s retained residual interests in
securitizations and thus its financial condition and results of operations
may
be adversely affected.
To
the extent that OFS has a large number of loans in an area affected by a
natural
disaster, OFS may suffer losses.
Standard
homeowner insurance policies generally do not provide coverage for natural
disasters, such as hurricane Katrina and the ensuing flooding. Furthermore,
nonconforming borrowers are not likely to have special hazard insurance.
To the
extent that borrowers do not have insurance coverage for natural disasters,
they
may not be able to repair the property or may stop paying their mortgages
if the
property is damaged. A natural disaster that results in a significant number
of
delinquencies could cause increased foreclosures and decrease OFS’s ability to
recover losses on properties affected by such disasters and could harm OFS’s
retained residual interests in securitizations and thus OFS’s financial
condition and results of operations.
Differences
in OFS’s actual experience compared to the assumptions that OFS uses to
determine the value of its mortgage securities held as available-for-sale
could
adversely affect OFS’s financial position.
Currently,
OFS’s securitization of mortgage loans are structured to be treated as sales
for
financial reporting purposes and, therefore, result in gain recognition at
closing. Delinquency, loss, prepayment and discount rate assumptions have
a
material impact on the amount of gain recognized and on the carrying value
of
the retained mortgage securities held as available-for-sale (where applicable).
The gain on sale method of accounting may create volatile earnings in certain
environments, including when loan securitizations are not completed on a
consistent schedule. If OFS’s actual experience differs materially from the
assumptions that it uses to determine the value of its mortgage securities
held
as available-for-sale, future cash flows, and results of operations could
be
negatively affected.
38
Changes
in accounting standards might cause OFS to alter the way it structures or
accounts for securitizations.
Changes
could be made to the current accounting standards which could affect the
way OFS
structures or accounts for securitizations. For example, if changes were
made in
the types of transactions eligible for gain on sale treatment, OFS may have
to
change the way it accounts for securitizations, which may harm OFS’s results of
operations or financial condition.
ITEM
1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
ITEM
2. Properties.
The
Company's executive offices and principal administrative offices are located
at
3305 Flamingo Drive, Vero Beach, Florida 32963, an office building that Opteum
purchased in December 2004.
In
addition, OFS’s primary office space is leased at W115 Century Road, Paramus, NJ
07652. This lease expires May 31, 2009. The annual rent for this location
is
approximately $0.8 million.
As
of
December 31, 2005, OFS leased offices in an additional 33 locations in eight
states, with remaining lease terms expiring at various dates through August
2012. The aggregate annual rent for these locations is approximately $0.9
million.
.
ITEM
3. Legal Proceedings.
OFS
is
involved in ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business. Although
the
amount of any ultimate liability arising from these matters cannot presently
be
determined, OFS does not anticipate that any such liability will have a material
effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of
operations.
Opteum
is
not involved in any legal proceedings.
ITEM
4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
None.
PART
II
ITEM
5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and
Issuer
Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market
Information
The
Company's Class A Common Stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol "OPX".
The
Company's trading symbol on the NYSE was previously “BMM” and traded as “BMM”
from September 16, 2004 through February 9, 2006. The Company changed its
name
from Bimini Mortgage Management, Inc. to Opteum Inc. and its NYSE symbol
to
“OPX” effective February 10, 2006. On
March
9, 2006, the last sales price of the Class A Common Stock on the NYSE was
$7.78 per share. The following table sets forth the high and low closing
sale
prices for the Company's Class A Common Stock as reported on the NYSE since
the Company's initial listing on September 16, 2004.
Class
A Common Stock
|
||||
2004
|
High
|
Low
|
||
Third
Quarter
|
$
|
16.26
|
$
|
14.50
|
Fourth
Quarter
|
$
|
16.30
|
$
|
15.31
|
39
Class
A Common Stock
|
||||
2005
|
High
|
Low
|
||
First
Quarter
|
$
|
15.91
|
$
|
13.80
|
Second
Quarter
|
$
|
15.10
|
$
|
13.23
|
Third
Quarter
|
$
|
14.25
|
$
|
11.25
|
Fourth
Quarter
|
$
|
11.31
|
$
|
8.85
|
As
of
March 9, 2006, the Company had 23,322,298 shares of Class A Common Stock
outstanding, which were held by 55 holders of record. The 55 holders of record
include Cede & Co., which holds shares as nominee for The Depository
Trust Company, which itself holds shares on behalf of over 200 beneficial
owners
of the Company's Class A Common Stock.
As
of
March 9, 2006, the Company had 319,388 shares of Class B Common Stock
outstanding, which were held by 2 holders of record.
As
of
March 9, 2006, the Company had 319,388 shares of Class C Common Stock
outstanding, which were held by one holder of record.
There
is
no established public trading market for Class B Common Stock or Class C
Common
Stock.
Distribution
Policy
The
following table sets forth the cash distributions declared per share on the
Company’s Class A and Class B Common Stock in 2005:
2005
|
Cash
Distributions
Declared
Per Share
|
|
First
Quarter
|
$
|
0.53
|
Second
Quarter
|
$
|
0.40
|
Third
Quarter
|
$
|
0.38
|
Fourth
Quarter
|
$
|
0.14
|
The
following table sets forth the cash distributions declared per share on the
Company's Class A Common Stock in the first and second quarters of 2004,
and its
Class A and Class B Common Stock in the third and fourth quarters of 2004:
2004
|
Cash
Distributions
Declared
Per Share
|
|
First
Quarter
|
$
|
0.39
|
Second
Quarter
|
$
|
0.52
|
Third
Quarter
|
$
|
0.52
|
Fourth
Quarter
|
$
|
0.54
|
In
order
to maintain its qualification as a REIT under the Code, Opteum must make
distributions to its stockholders each year in an amount at least equal to:
•
|
90%
of its REIT taxable net income (computed without regard to Opteum's
deduction for dividends paid and its net capital gains);
|
•
|
plus
90% of the excess of net income from foreclosure property over
the tax
imposed on such income by the Code;
|
•
|
minus
any excess non-cash income that exceeds a percentage of its income.
|
In
general, Opteum's distributions will be applied toward these requirements
if
paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable
year
if the distributions are declared before it timely files its tax return for
that
year, the distributions are paid on or before the first regular distribution
payment following the declaration, and it elects on its tax return to have
a
specified dollar amount of such distributions treated as if paid in the prior
year. Distributions declared by Opteum in October, November or December of
one
taxable year and payable to a stockholder of record on a specific date in
such a
month are treated as both paid by Opteum and received by the stockholder
during
such taxable year, provided that the distribution is actually paid by Opteum
by
January 31 of the following taxable year.
40
Opteum
anticipates that distributions generally will be taxable as ordinary income
to
its stockholders, although a portion of such distributions may be designated
by
it as capital gain or may constitute a return of capital. Opteum will furnish
annually to each of its stockholders a statement setting forth distributions
paid during the preceding year and their characterization as ordinary income,
return of capital or capital gains.
In
the
future, the Company's Board of Directors may elect to adopt a dividend
reinvestment plan.
Securities
Authorized for Issuance Under Stock Compensation Plans
On
December 1, 2003, Opteum adopted the 2003 Long Term Incentive Compensation
Plan (the “2003 Plan”) to provide Opteum with the flexibility to use stock
options and other awards as part of an overall compensation package to provide
a
means of performance-based compensation to attract and retain qualified
personnel. The 2003 Plan was amended and restated in March 2004. Key
employees, directors and consultants are eligible to be granted stock options,
restricted stock, phantom shares, dividend equivalent rights and other
stock-based awards under the 2003 Plan. Subject to adjustment upon certain
corporate transactions or events, a maximum of 4,000,000 shares of the Class
A
Common Stock (but not more than 10% of the Class A Common Stock outstanding
on
the date of grant) may be subject to stock options, shares of restricted
stock,
phantom shares and dividend equivalent rights under the 2003 Plan. An initial
grant of 313,600 phantom shares was made in June 2004.
During
the year ended December 31, 2005, Opteum granted 204,861 phantom shares to
employees. Each phantom share represents a right to receive a share of Opteum’s
Class A Common Stock. Dividend equivalent rights were also granted on
203,361 of these phantom shares; the remaining 1,500 phantom shares are not
entitled to receive dividend equivalent rights until they vest.
Phantom
share awards are valued at the fair value of Opteum’s Class A Common Stock
at the date of the grant. The total grant date value of all awards is $7,822,313
and the grant date value of awards granted in 2005 is $3,118,313. The phantom
awards do not have an exercise price. The grant date value is being amortized
to
compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of
the
respective award. The phantom shares vest, based on the employees’
continuing employment, following a schedule as provided in the grant
agreements, for periods through November 15, 2008.
As
of
December 31, 2005, a total of 518,461 phantom stock awards have been granted
since the inception of the 2003 Plan, however 2,090 shares were forfeited
during
2005 due to the termination of the grantee’s employment. Of the remaining
shares, 172,727 shares have fully vested and 343,644 shares remain
unvested. The future compensation charge that was eliminated by the
forfeiture totaled $31,852. No phantom share awards have expired. Of the
vested
shares, 15,085 were distributed to grantees during the year ended
December 31, 2005. As of December 31, 2005, 501,286 phantom shares
were outstanding. Total compensation cost recognized for the year ended
December 31, 2005 and 2004 was $2,130,132 and $745,756 respectively. Dividends
paid on phantom shares are charged to retained earnings when
declared.
The
following table summarizes information, as of December 31, 2005, relating
to the
Company’s equity compensation plans.
Equity
Compensation Plan Information
Plan
Category
|
Total
number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding
options,
warrants and rights
|
Weighted-average
exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and
rights
|
Number
of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity
compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in the second
column)
|
Equity
compensation plans approved by security holders
|
515,953
(1)
|
N/A
|
3,450,480
|
Equity
compensation plans not approved by security holders
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Total
|
515,953
|
N/A
|
3,450,480
|
(1) Represents
515,953 shares of Class A Common Stock reserved for issuance upon
conversion of phantom shares issued under the Company's 2003 Long Term Incentive
Compensation Plan.
41
Use
of Proceeds from Registered Securities
In
September 2004, Opteum completed an initial public offering of 5,750,000
shares of Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value at an offering price of
$14.50 per share, including the exercise by the underwriters of their
over-allotment option to purchase 750,000 shares of Class A Common Stock.
The underwriters involved in the transaction were Flagstone Securities, LLC
and
BB&T Capital Markets, a division of Scott & Stringfellow, Inc. Opteum
received aggregate gross offering proceeds of $83.4 million from this
transaction and paid aggregate underwriting commissions of $5.8 million.
Aggregate other offering costs totaled approximately $1.6 million. Net
offering proceeds after deducting underwriting commissions and other offering
costs were $75.9 million.
In
December 2004, Opteum completed a public offering of 4,600,000 shares of
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value at an offering price of $15.50 per
share, including the exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment
option
to purchase 600,000 shares of Class A Common Stock. The underwriters
involved in the transaction were Flagstone Securities, LLC and BB&T Capital
Markets, a division of Scott & Stringfellow, Inc. Opteum received aggregate
gross offering proceeds of $71.3 million from this transaction and paid
aggregate underwriting commissions of $4.3 million. Aggregate other
offering costs totaled approximately $0.3 million. Net offering proceeds
after deducting underwriting commissions and other offering costs were
$66.7 million.
Recent
Sales of Unregistered Securities
Pursuant
to the merger agreement between Bimini Acquisition LLC, Opteum's acquisition
subsidiary, OFS and the members of OFS, on November 3, 2005, Opteum issued
3,717,242 shares of Class A Common Stock and 1,800,000 shares of Class A
Redeemable Preferred Stock to the stockholders of OFS in exchange for 100%
of
the stock of OFS. The Redeemable Preferred Stock was created pursuant to
the
Company’s Articles Supplementary dated November 3, 2005. Of the 1,800,000 shares
of Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock issued, 576,792 shares are scheduled
to be
returned to Opteum and cancelled pursuant to a purchase price adjustment
in
connection with the acquisition of OFS. Opteum also agreed to pay the former
members of OFS a contingent earn-out of up to $17.5 million, payable in cash,
or
under certain circumstances, in Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock, based
on
achievements by OFS of certain specific financial objectives over the next
five
years. Opteum registered 3,717,242 shares of Class A Common Stock and also
registered 1,800,000 shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon conversion
of
1,800,000 shares of Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock. Pursuant to a letter
agreement between OFS and Opteum, Opteum agreed to use its commercially
reasonable efforts to register the shares issuable under the contingent earn-out
either as soon as reasonably practicable after each issuance of Class Redeemable
A Preferred Stock or after the initial or any subsequent issuances.
Purchases
of Equity Securities by the Company and Affiliated
Purchasers
For
information regarding purchases of equity securities by the Company and
affiliated purchasers required by Item 5, please see Item 1
"Business--General."
ITEM
6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data.
SELECTED
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The
following selected financial data is derived from the Company’s audited
financial statements. The selected financial data should be read in conjunction
with the more detailed information contained in the Company’s financial
statements and related notes and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere in this
report. The comparability of the information reflected in selected consolidated
financial data is materially affected by the merger of Opteum and OFS that
took
place on November 3, 2005.
42
Opteum
Inc.
|
||||||
Selected
Financial Data
|
||||||
Year
Ended December 31, 2005
|
|
Year
Ended December 31, 2004
|
|
September
24, 2003 (inception) through December 31, 2003
|
||
Statements
of Operations Data:
|
||||||
Interest
income
|
$
|
160,640,830
|
$
|
49,633,548
|
$
|
71,480
|
Interest
expense
|
(123,658,728)
|
(22,634,919)
|
(20,086)
|
|||
Net
interest income
|
36,982,102
|
26,998,629
|
51,394
|
|||
Other
income
|
824,894
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Net
gain on sales of mortgage-backed-securities
|
1,993,457
|
95,547
|
-
|
|||
Net
Servicing Fee Income
|
1,492,895
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Expenses:
|
||||||
Direct
operating expenses
|
994,784
|
730,903
|
45,482
|
|||
Compensation
and related benefits
|
10,986,059
|
2,497,600
|
35,964
|
|||
Director's
fees and other public company costs
|
640,977
|
350,649
|
-
|
|||
Audit,
legal and other professional fees
|
1,136,204
|
329,514
|
85,340
|
|||
Other
expenses
|
2,131,455
|
62,232
|
13,675
|
|||
Other
administrative expenses
|
5,341,198
|
266,368
|
138,100
|
|||
Total
expenses
|
21,230,677
|
4,237,266
|
318,561
|
|||
Income
tax benefit
|
4,220,000
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Net
income (loss)
|
$
|
24,282,671
|
$
|
22,856,910
|
$
|
(267,167)
|
Basic
and diluted income (loss) per Class A common share
|
$
|
1.12
|
$
|
1.97
|
$
|
(0.54)
|
Weighted
average number of Class A common shares outstanding, used in computing
basic and diluted per share amounts:
|
21,421,501
|
11,452,258
|
497,859
|
|||
Basic
and diluted income per Class B common share
|
$
|
1.16
|
$
|
2.05
|
$
|
-
|
Weighted
average number of Class B common shares outstanding, used in computing
basic and diluted per share amounts:
|
319,388
|
159,694
|
-
|
|||
Dividends
declared per Class A common share
|
$
|
1.45
|
$
|
1.97
|
$
|
-
|
Dividends
declared per Class B common share
|
$
|
1.45
|
$
|
1.06
|
$
|
-
|
Balance
Sheet Data:
|
||||||
Mortgage-backed
securities, at fair value
|
$
|
539,313
|
$
|
72,074,338
|
$
|
27,750,602
|
Mortgage-backed
securities pledged as collateral, at fair value
|
3,493,490,046
|
2,901,158,559
|
197,990,559
|
|||
Total
mortgage-backed securities, at fair value
|
3,494,029,359
|
2,973,232,897
|
225,741,161
|
|||
Total
assets
|
4,805,101,565
|
3,128,417,731
|
245,285,676
|
|||
Repurchase
agreements
|
3,337,598,362
|
2,771,162,957
|
188,841,000
|
|||
Long
term obligations
|
103,097,000
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Total
liabilities
|
4,552,613,225
|
2,845,455,404
|
188,970,485
|
|||
Total
stockholders' equity
|
$
|
252,488,340
|
$
|
282,962,327
|
$
|
56,315,191
|
Class
A common shares outstanding
|
23,567,242
|
20,368,915
|
4,012,102
|
|||
Class
A Redeemable preferred shares outstanding
|
1,223,208
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Book
value per share of Class A Common Stock
|
$
|
10.33
|
$
|
13.89
|
$
|
14.04
|
ITEM
7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of
Operations.
The
following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations
should
be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related
notes included elsewhere in this report.
43
Introduction
and Overview
On
February 6, 2006, Opteum announced that its Board of Directors voted unanimously
to change its name from Bimini Mortgage Management, Inc. to Opteum Inc. On
February 10, 2006, the corporate name change was effective and its NYSE ticker
symbol was changed from “BMM” to “OPX.” The corporate name change leverages the
brand identity of OFS, and further enhances the integration of Opteum and
the
1,066 associates of OFS. One company and one national brand now represent
a
unified image to investors, customers and associates.
Opteum
Inc., formerly Bimini Mortgage Management, Inc., was formed in September
2003 to
invest primarily in but not limited to, residential mortgage related securities
issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (more commonly known
as
Fannie Mae), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (more commonly known
as
Freddie Mac) and the Government National Mortgage Association (more commonly
known as Ginnie Mae). Opteum earns returns on the spread between the yield
on
its assets and its costs, including the interest expense on the funds it
borrows. It intends to borrow between eight and twelve times the amount of
its
equity capital to attempt to enhance its returns to stockholders. For purposes
of this calculation, Opteum treats its trust preferred securities as an equity
capital equivalent. Opteum is self-managed and self-advised.
In
evaluating its assets and their performance, Opteum’s management team primarily
evaluates these critical factors: asset performance in differing interest
rate
environments, duration of the security, yield to maturity, potential for
prepayment of principal, and the market price of the investment. On November
3,
2005, Opteum acquired OFS in a merger in which we issued both Class A Common
Stock and Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock. OFS
originates mortgages and offers a wide array of mortgage products through
its 29
retail mortgage origination branches and five wholesale mortgage offices
in the
United States. Additionally, OFS operates a correspondent lending channel
that
purchases closed loans from mortgage bankers nationwide under flow and bulk
acquisition programs. The Company's website is located at www.opteum.com.
During
2005 the Company took many steps that management believes will ultimately
increase the profitability of the enterprise for years to come. Unfortunately,
these steps were overshadowed by the negative stock price performance that
occurred in the residential mortgage-backed securities REIT sector and for
Opteum in particular.
The
Company’s steps taken in 2005 were as follows:
The
successful acquisition of OFS reinforces the strategy of being diverse in
all
investments. The mortgage banking business line reduces Opteum’s dependence on
portfolio spread income and reduces exposure to Federal Reserve rate moves.
The
merger of our wholly-owned subsidiary into OFS provides OFS greater access
to
capital which it can utilize to strengthen its loan origination
business.
Opteum
implemented a $100 Million Principal Pre-Payment Margin Waiver Agreement,
which
provided Opteum an average of $42 million per month in excess liquidity for
the
last three quarters of 2005. The waiver releases Opteum from the obligation
of
meeting certain short-term margin calls related to principal prepayments,
and
therefore, Opteum was able to maintain and grow its portfolio of ARMs. These
ARM
assets allowed Opteum to maintain a high earnings stream even as Federal
Reserve
raised rates aggressively.
Opteum
ended the year with $1.85 billion of committed borrowing facilities for Opteum
which will protect it if any liquidity crisis presents itself. These committed
lines are in addition to the over $14 billion of uncommitted lines Opteum
employs to finance its investment portfolio and the $3.3 billion of various
committed lines OFS had as of December 31, 2005.
Acquisition
of Opteum Financial Services
On
September 29, 2005, Opteum executed a definitive merger agreement with Bimini
Acquisition LLC, its acquisition subsidiary, OFS, and the stockholders of
OFS.
The transaction, in which OFS became a wholly-owned TRS subsidiary of Opteum,
closed on November 3, 2005. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Opteum
issued 3,717,242 shares of Class A Common Stock and 1,223,208 shares of Class
A
Redeemable Preferred Stock to the stockholders of OFS in exchange for 100%
of
the equity interests of OFS. The shares of Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock
will be convertible into shares of Class A Common Stock of Opteum, on a
one-for-one basis, if Opteum’s stockholders eligible to vote approve the
conversion at a future stockholder’s meeting. Opteum also agreed to pay the OFS
stockholders a contingent earn-out of up to $17.5 million over the next five
years payable in cash, or under certain circumstances, shares of Class A
Redeemable Preferred Stock, based on achievement by OFS of certain specific
financial objectives. The three most senior executives of OFS have entered
into
long-term employment contracts with Opteum.
OFS
operates a mortgage origination platform as a TRS of Opteum. OFS offers a
wide
array of mortgage products through its 29 retail mortgage origination branches
and five wholesale mortgage offices in the United States. Additionally, OFS
operates a correspondent lending channel that purchases closed loans from
mortgage bankers nationwide under flow and bulk acquisition
programs.
44
Critical
Accounting Policies
Opteum’s
accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements. Opteum has identified the following accounting policies that
are
critical to the presentation of our financial statements and that require
critical accounting estimates by management.
Opteum’s
financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles (“GAAP”). These accounting principles require Opteum to
make some complex and subjective decisions and assessments. Its most critical
accounting policies involve decisions and assessments which could significantly
affect its reported assets and liabilities, as well as its reported revenues
and
expenses. Opteum believes that all of the decisions and assessments upon
which
its financial statements are based were reasonable at the time made based
upon
information available to it at that time. Management has identified its most
critical accounting policies to be the following:
Mortgage
Backed Securities
Opteum’s
investments in mortgage backed securities (the REIT investment portfolio)
are
classified as available-for-sale securities. As a result, changes in fair
value
are recorded as a balance sheet adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive
income (loss), which is a component of stockholders' equity, rather than
through
the statement of operations. If available-for-sale securities were classified
as
trading securities, there could be substantially greater volatility in earnings
from period-to-period.
Valuations
of Opteum’s mortgage backed securities are carried on the balance sheet at fair
value. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 107, Disclosures
about the Fair Value of Financial Instruments,
defines
the fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument
could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties.
Opteum’s
mortgage backed securities have fair values determined by management based
on
the average of third-party broker quotes received and/or by independent pricing
sources when available. Because the price estimates may vary to some degree
between sources, management must make certain judgments and assumptions about
the appropriate price to use to calculate the fair values for financial
reporting purposes. Different judgments and assumptions could affect the
amounts
Opteum could realize in a current market exchange.
When
the
fair value of an available-for-sale security is less than amortized cost,
management considers whether there is an other-than-temporary impairment
in the
value of the security (for example, whether the security will be sold or
repaid
by the borrower prior to the recovery of fair value). If, in management's
judgment, an other-than-temporary impairment exists, the cost basis of the
security is written down to the then-current fair value, and this loss is
realized and charged against earnings. The determination of other-than-temporary
impairment is a subjective process, and different judgments and assumptions
could affect the timing of loss realization.
The
decline in fair value of investments held in the portfolio at December 31,
2005 is not considered to be other than temporary. Accordingly, the write
down
to fair value is recorded in other comprehensive loss as an unrealized loss
(see
Note 1 to the financial statements). The factors considered in making this
determination included the expected cash flow from the investment and the
magnitude and duration of the historical decline in market prices, as well
as
Opteum's capacity and intention to hold such securities owned.
Interest
income on mortgage related securities is accrued based on the actual coupon
rate
and the outstanding principal amount of the underlying mortgages. Premiums
and
discounts are amortized or accreted into interest income over the estimated
lives of the securities using the effective yield method adjusted for the
effects of estimated prepayments based on Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards (“SFAS”) No. 91, Accounting
for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring
Loans
and Initial Direct Costs of Leases; an
amendment of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Statements
No. 13, 60, and 65 and a rescission of FASB Statement No. 17.
Adjustments are made using the retrospective method to the effective interest
computation each reporting period based on the actual prepayment experiences
to
date and the present expectation of future prepayments of the underlying
mortgages. To make assumptions as to future estimated rates of prepayments,
Opteum currently uses actual market prepayment history for the securities
and
for similar securities that Opteum does not own and current market conditions.
If the estimate of prepayments is incorrect; Opteum is required to make an
adjustment to the amortization or accretion of premiums and discounts that
would
have an impact on future income.
45
Mortgage
Loans Held for Sale
Mortgage
loans held for sale represent mortgage loans originated and held pending
sale to
investors. The mortgages are carried at the lower of cost or market as
determined by outstanding commitments from investors or current investor
yield
requirements calculated on the aggregate loan basis. OFS generally sells
or
securitizes loans with servicing rights retained. Gains or losses on such
sales
are recognized at the time legal title transfers to the investor based upon
the
difference between the sales proceeds from the final investor and the allocated
basis of the loan sold, adjusted for net deferred loan fees and certain direct
costs and selling costs. OFS defers net loan origination costs and fees as
a
component of the loan balance on the balance sheet. Such costs are not amortized
and are recognized into income as a component of the gain or loss upon sale.
Valuation
Allowance
A
valuation allowance is maintained to adjust mortgage loans held for sale
to the
lower of cost or market.
Retained
Interest, Trading
OFS
uses
warehouse loan arrangements to finance the origination and purchase of pools
of
principally fixed and adjustable-rate residential first mortgage loans (the
“Mortgage Loans”). Subsequent to their origination or purchase, OFS either sells
these loans to third party institutional investors through bulk sale
arrangements or through securitization transactions. OFS generally makes
several
representations and warranties regarding the performance of the Mortgage
Loans
in connection with each sale or securitization. OFS accumulates the desired
amount of Mortgage Loans and securitizes them in order to create marketable
securities.
OFS,
pursuant to a purchase and sale agreement, transfers the Mortgage Loans to
OPMAC, a wholly-owned special purpose entity set-up for the execution of
these
securitizations.
OPMAC
then sells the Mortgage Loans to an institutional third party to serve as
Depositor, pursuant to a Mortgage Loan Purchase and Servicing Agreement
(“P&S Agreement”). Under this P&S Agreement, OFS makes general
representations and warranties for Mortgage Loans sold by OFS.
The
Depositor then deposits the Mortgage Loans into REMIC where the rights to
such
Mortgage Loans are pooled and converted into marketable debt securities pursuant
to the P&S Agreement. These securities, issued by the REMIC, are divided
into different classes of certificates (the “Certificates”) with varying claims
to payments received on the Mortgage Loans. These Certificates are transferred
to the depositor in exchange for all of its rights in the Mortgage Loans
deposited into the REMIC.
Certain
Certificates are rated by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and
Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”). In all of the securitizations, all of the
senior certificate classes were rated “AAA” by S&P, and “Aaa” by Moody’s,
respectively. In addition, most of the mezzanine classes of certificates,
starting with Class M-1 through the lowest respective subordinate class for
each
offering, with each lower numerical class designation being subordinated
to the
previous designation (the “Mezzanine Certificates”), were each given investment
grade ratings. The subordinate classes not given an investment grade rating
were
sold through a Private Placement Offering Memorandum. Certain of these
Certificates are offered to the public (the “Public Certificates”) pursuant to a
prospectus. These Public Certificates are sold to underwriters on the closing
date pursuant to an underwriting agreement. The proceeds from the sale of
the
Public Certificates to the underwriters (less an underwriting discount) and
the
remaining non-publicly offered Certificates are transferred to OFS as
consideration for the Mortgage Loans sold to the depositor pursuant to the
P&S Agreement.
Finally,
OFS transfers the proceeds from the sale of the Public Certificates and the
non-publicly offered Certificates representing the residual interest in the
REMIC to OPMAC pursuant to the Purchase and Sale Agreement. The additional
non-publicly offered Certificates, representing prepayment penalties and
overcollateralization fundings (the “Underlying Certificates”) are held by OPMAC
in anticipation of a net interest margin (NIM) securitization. Subsequent
to a
securitization transaction as described above, OFS executes an additional
securitization or “resecuritization” of the Underlying Certificates being held
by OPMAC. This NIM securitization is typically transacted as follows:
OPMAC
deposits the Underlying Certificates into a trust (the “NIM Trust”) pursuant to
a deposit trust agreement. The NIM Trust is a Delaware statutory trust. The
NIM
trust, pursuant to an Indenture, issues (i) notes (the “NIM Notes”) representing
interests in the Underlying Certificates and (ii) an owner Trust Certificate
representing the residual interest in the NIM trust. The NIM Notes were sold
to
third parties via private placement transactions, and the Trust Certificate
is
transferred from OPMAC to OFS in consideration for the deposit of the Underlying
Certificates.
46
Securities
Held for Sale
Securities
held for sale are recorded as of the date of purchase or sale at fair value.
Changes in fair value subsequent to the purchase date are reflected in earnings
as gains and losses from investments. Realized gains and losses are determined
on a specific identified basis cost basis.
Originated
Mortgage Servicing Rights
OFS
recognizes mortgage servicing rights (“MSR”) as assets when separated from the
underlying mortgage loans, upon the sale of the loans. Upon sale of a loan,
OFS
measures the retained MSRs by allocating the total cost of originating a
mortgage loan between the loan and the servicing right based on their relative
fair values. Gains or losses on the sale of MSRs are recognized when title
and
all risks and rewards have irrevocably passed to the buyer and there are
no
significant unresolved contingencies. MSRs are carried at the lower of cost,
less accumulated amortization, or fair value. MSRs are amortized in proportion
to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income. Such
amortization, which is recorded as a reduction of net servicing revenue in
the
accompanying consolidated financial statements was $2.4 million during the
period ended December 31, 2005. For purposes of performing its quarterly
impairment evaluation, OFS stratifies its portfolio primarily on the basis
of
interest rates of the underlying mortgage loans and the type of product
associated with the MSRs. OFS measures impairment for each stratum by comparing
estimated fair value to the carrying amount. There was no such impairment
during
the period ended December 31, 2005. Fair value is estimated based on expected
cash flows considering market prepayment estimates, historical prepayment
rates,
portfolio characteristics, interest rates, and other economic factors.
Goodwill
and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
represents the excess of the purchase price of Opteum’s acquisition over the
fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. Contingent
consideration paid in subsequent periods under the terms of the purchase
agreement, if any, would be considered acquisition costs and classified as
goodwill. Goodwill was $2.1 million as of December 31, 2005.
In
accordance with SFAS No. 142, Goodwill
and Other Intangible Assets, Opteum
will subject its goodwill to at least an annual assessment for impairment
by
applying a fair value-based test. If the carrying value exceeds the fair
value,
goodwill is impaired. There was no impairment of goodwill as of December
31,
2005.
Derivative
Assets and Derivative Liabilities
Opteum
Financial Service’s mortgage committed pipeline includes interest rate lock
commitments (“IRLCs”) that have been extended to borrowers who have applied for
loan funding and meet certain defined credit and underwriting criteria.
Effective with the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
(“SFAS”) No. 133, Accounting
for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,
as
amended, OFS classifies and accounts for the IRLCs as freestanding derivatives.
Accordingly, IRLCs are recorded at their fair value with changes in fair
value
recorded to current earnings. OFS uses other derivative instruments to
economically hedge the IRLCs, which are also classified and accounted for
as
freestanding derivatives.
OFS’s
risk management objective for its mortgage loans held for sale includes use
of
mortgage forward delivery contracts designed as fair value derivative
instruments to protect earnings from an unexpected change due to a decline
in
value. Effective with the adoption of SFAS No. 133, OFS mortgage forward
delivery contracts are recorded at their fair value with changes in fair
value
recorded to current earnings.
IRLCs
and
derivative assets or liabilities arising from OFS’s derivative activities are
included in either receivables or accounts payable and accrued liabilities
in
the accompanying consolidated financial statements. OFS also evaluates its
contractual arrangements, assets and liabilities for the existence of embedded
derivatives.
Income
Recognition
Sales
of
mortgage loans are generally recorded on the date a loan is funded by an
investor. Gains or losses on sales of mortgage loans are recognized based
upon
the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related
mortgage loans sold.
Interest
income and interest expense are recognized as earned. Loans are placed on
a
nonaccrual status when concern exists as to the ultimate collectibility of
principal or interest. Loans return to accrual status when principal and
interest become current and are anticipated to be fully
collectible.
47
Gains
on Sales of Mortgage Assets
OFS
recognizes gain (or loss) on the sale of loans. Gains or losses on such
sales are recognized at the time legal title transfers to the investor based
upon the difference between the sales proceeds from the final investor and
the
allocated basis of the loan sold, adjusted for net deferred loan fees and
certain direct costs and selling costs. OFS defers net loan origination costs
and fees as a component of the loan balance on the balance sheet. Such costs
are
not amortized and are recognized into income as a component of the gain or
loss
upon sale.
Servicing
Fee Income
Servicing
fee income is generally a fee based on a percentage of the outstanding principal
balances of the mortgage loans serviced by OFS (or by a subservicer where
OFS is
the master servicer) and is recorded as income as the installment payments
on
the mortgages are received by OFS or the subservicer.
Loan
Origination Fees and Costs
Loan
fees, discount points, and certain direct origination costs are recorded
as an
adjustment of the cost of the loan and are included in gain on sales of loans
when the loan is sold. Accordingly, salaries, commissions, benefits and other
operating expenses have been reduced by $ 10.3 million during the period
ended
December 31, 2005, due to direct loan origination costs, including commission
costs. Loan fees related to the origination and funding of mortgage loans
held
for sale are $ 1.3 million during the period ended December 31,
2005.
Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based
compensation is accounted for using the fair value based method prescribed
by
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 123, "Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation." For stock and stock-based awards issued to
employees, a compensation charge is recorded against earnings based on the
fair
value of the award. For transactions with non-employees in which services
are
performed in exchange for Opteum's common stock or other equity instruments,
the
transactions are recorded on the basis of the fair value of the service received
or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more readily
measurable at the date of issuance.
Income
Taxes
Opteum
has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. As further described below,
the Company’s TRS is a taxpaying entity for income tax purposes, and is taxed
separately from Opteum. Opteum will generally not be subject to federal income
tax on its taxable net income to the extent that Opteum distributes its taxable
net income to its stockholders and satisfies the ongoing REIT requirements
including meeting certain asset, income and stock ownership tests. Under
the net
income requirements, a REIT must generally distribute at least 90% of its
taxable income to its stockholders of which 85% must be distributed within
the
taxable year in order to avoid the imposition of an excise tax. The remaining
balance may be distributed up to the timely filing date of our REIT tax return
in the subsequent taxable year.
OFS
is
the Company’s TRS, and its activities are subject to corporate income taxes, and
the applicable provisions of SFAS No. 109, Accounting
for Income Taxes.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax
consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective
tax
base. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax
rates
expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary
differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred
tax
assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in
the
period that includes the enactment date.
48
Financial
Condition
All
of
Opteum’s assets at December 31, 2005 were acquired with the proceeds of
private placements and public offerings of Class A Common Stock, private
placements of junior subordinated debt (trust preferred securities) and the
use
of leverage. Opteum received net proceeds after offering costs of approximately
$141.7 million in the private placements, which closed on December 19,
2003, January 30, 2004 and February 17, 2004. Opteum received net
proceeds of approximately $66.1 million in the initial public offering,
which closed on September 21, 2004. On September 24, 2004 Opteum
received an additional $9.8 million of net proceeds pursuant to the
underwriters' exercise of their over-allotment option. Opteum received net
proceeds of approximately $66.7 million (including the underwriters’
exercise of their over-allotment option) in a secondary public offering of
Class A Common Stock which closed on December 21, 2004. Opteum
received total net proceeds of approximately $48.5 million from the privately
placed issuance of trust preferred securities of Bimini Capital Trust I on
May
17, 2005. Opteum received total net proceeds of approximately $48.5 million
from
the privately placed issuance of trust preferred securities of Bimini Capital
Trust II in October 2005. The proceeds were used to fund the loan to OFS.
Mortgage
Related Securities
At
December 31, 2005, Opteum held $3.5 billion of agency or government
mortgage related securities at fair value in Opteum’s portfolio. Opteum’s
portfolio of mortgage related securities will typically be comprised of
adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities, fixed-rate mortgage-backed
securities, hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities and balloon
maturity mortgage-backed securities. Opteum seeks to acquire low duration
assets
that offer high levels of protection from mortgage prepayments. Although
the
duration of an individual asset can change as a result of changes in interest
rates, Opteum plans to maintain a portfolio with an effective duration of
less
than 2.0. The stated contractual final maturity of the mortgage loans underlying
Opteum’s portfolio of mortgage related securities generally ranges up to
30 years. However, the effect of prepayments of the underlying mortgage
loans tends to shorten the resulting cash flows from Opteum’s investments
substantially. Prepayments occur for various reasons, including refinancings
of
underlying mortgages and payoffs associated with sales of the underlying
homes
as people move. At year end, Opteum’s TRS, OFS, owned $894.2 million of mortgage
loans which were classified as mortgage loans held for sale. In addition,
OFS
owned approximately $98.0 million of residual interests in asset backed
securities and $86.1
million
of originated mortgage servicing rights. On going, it will be the intention
of
OFS to either sell the loans held for sale to a third party investor or issue
asset backed securities with the mortgages on the OPMAC. The period of time
between issuing securities on the OPMAC shelf will typically be one full
quarter, although market conditions may cause management to vary its issuance
timing. In addition to general market conditions, prepayments, delinquencies,
or
defaults on these mortgage loans held for sale may affect the value of these
loans in the future.
For
the
twelve months ended December 31, 2005, Opteum had consolidated interest
income of $160.6 million and consolidated interest expense of
$123.7 million. As of December 31, 2005, Opteum’s portfolio of
Mortgage Backed Securities had a weighted average yield on assets of 4.21%
and a
net weighted average borrowing cost of 4.15%. Prepayments on the loans
underlying Opteum’s mortgage
related
securities can alter the timing of the cash flows from the underlying loans
to
the Company. As a result, Opteum gauges the interest rate sensitivity of
Opteum’s assets by measuring their effective duration. While modified duration
measures the price sensitivity of a bond to movements in interest rates,
effective duration captures both the movement in interest rates and the fact
that cash flows to a mortgage related security are altered when interest
rates
move. Accordingly, when the contract interest rate on a mortgage loan is
substantially above prevailing interest rates in the market, the effective
duration of securities collateralized by such loans can be quite low because
of
expected prepayments. Although some of the fixed-rate mortgage backed securities
in Opteum’s portfolio are collateralized by loans with a lower propensity to
prepay when the contract rate is above prevailing rates, their price movements
track securities with like contract rates and therefore exhibit similar
effective duration. The value of Opteum’s portfolio will change as interest
rates rise or fall. See "Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market
Risk—Interest Rate Risk—Effect on Fair Value."
49
The
following tables summarize Opteum’s agency and government mortgage related
securities as of December 31, 2005:
Asset
Category
|
Market
Value
|
Percentage
of
Entire
Portfolio
|
Weighted
Average
Coupon
|
Weighted
Average
Maturity
in
Months
|
Longest
Maturity
|
Weighted
Average
Coupon
Reset
in Months
|
Weighted
Average
Lifetime
Cap
|
Weighted
Average
Periodic
Cap
|
|
Adjustable-Rate
Mortgage-Backed Securities
|
$
|
2,006,767,437
|
57.43%
|
4.44%
|
334
|
1-Dec-42
|
4.48
|
10.48%
|
1.76%
|
Fixed-Rate
Mortgage-Backed Securities
|
$
|
562,873,520
|
16.11
|
6.92
|
274
|
1-Jun-35
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Fixed
Rate CMO
|
$
|
72,492,697
|
2.07
|
5.56
|
329
|
25-Jul-34
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Hybrid
Adjustable-Rate Mortgage-Backed Securities
|
$
|
705,336,907
|
20.19
|
4.30
|
340
|
1-Apr-44
|
19.81
|
9.92%
|
1.73
|
Balloon
Maturity Mortgage-Backed Securities
|
$
|
48,558,798
|
1.40
|
4.06
|
48
|
1-Feb-11
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Fixed
Rate Agency Debt
|
$
|
98,000,000
|
2.80
|
4.00
|
50
|
25-Feb-10
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
Total
Portfolio
|
$
|
3,494,029,359
|
100.00%
|
4.82%
|
313
|
1-Apr-44
|
8.47
|
10.33%
|
1.75%
|
Agency
|
Market
Value
|
Percentage
of
Entire
Portfolio
|
|
Fannie
Mae
|
$
|
2,125,287,363
|
60.83%
|
Freddie
Mac
|
737,012,364
|
21.09%
|
|
Ginnie
Mae
|
631,729,632
|
18.08%
|
|
Total
Portfolio
|
$
|
3,494,029,359
|
100.00%
|
Entire
Portfolio
|
|
|
Effective
Duration (1)
|
|
1.28
|
Weighted
Average Purchase Price
|
$
|
102.65
|
Weighted
Average Current Price
|
$
|
101.05
|
(1) Effective
duration of 1.28 indicates that an interest rate increase of 1% would be
expected to cause a 1.28% decline in the value of the securities in the
portfolio.
As
of
December 31, 2005, approximately 49.3% of the portfolio of 15 year
fixed-rate coupon mortgage securities, and 36.7% of the 30 year fixed-rate
coupon mortgage securities, contain only loans with principal balances of
$85,000 or less. Because of the low loan balance on these mortgages, Opteum
believes borrowers have a lower economic incentive to refinance and have
historically prepaid more slowly than comparable securities.
OFS
held
residual interests in eleven securitizations which contain loans originated
or
purchased by OFS prior to securitization. The total fair market value of
these
interests is approximately $98.0 million as of December 31, 2005. Prior to
the
acquisition of OFS, Opteum owned no residual interests in mortgage
securitizations. It is expected that OFS will continue to hold residual
interests in securitizations in the future.
OFS
held
originated mortgage servicing rights on approximately $7.7
billion
in mortgages with a fair market value as of December 31, 2005 of approximately
$86.1
million.
Prior to the acquisition of OFS, Opteum owned no mortgage servicing rights.
It
is expected that OFS will continue to hold mortgage servicing rights in the
future.
50
The
table
below shows the principal balance of Opteum’s investment securities, the net
un-amortized premium, amortized cost of securities held, average cost expressed
as a price, the fair market value of our investments and the fair market
value
expressed as a price for the current quarter and each of the previous seven
quarters for our portfolio of MBS securities only. The data in the table
below does not include information pertaining to OFS.
Quarter
Ended
|
Principal
Balance
of
Investment
Securities
Held
|
Unamortized
Premium
(Net)
|
Amortized
Cost of
Securities
Held
|
Amortized
Cost/Principal
Balance
Held
|
Fair
Market
Value
of
Investment
Securities
Held
|
Fair
Market
Value/Principal
Balance
Held
|
||||
At
December 31, 2005
|
$
|
3,457,891,363
|
$
|
112,635,825
|
$
|
3,570,527,188
|
103.257
|
$
|
3,494,029,359
|
101.045
|
At
September 30, 2005
|
$
|
3,797,400,645
|
$
|
113,392,661
|
$
|
3,910,793,306
|
102.986
|
$
|
3,858,319,701
|
101.604
|
At
June 30, 2005
|
$
|
3,784,668,467
|
$
|
114,672,670
|
$
|
3,899,341,137
|
103.030
|
$
|
3,876,205,996
|
102.419
|
At
March 31, 2005
|
$
|
3,212,516,823
|
$
|
109,389,703
|
$
|
3,321,906,527
|
103.405
|
$
|
3,299,051,561
|
102.694
|
At
December 31, 2004
|
$
|
2,876,319,085
|
$
|
97,753,097
|
$
|
2,974,072,182
|
103.399
|
$
|
2,973,232,897
|
103.369
|
At
September 30, 2004
|
$
|
1,589,828,988
|
$
|
48,498,955
|
$
|
1,638,327,943
|
103.051
|
$
|
1,638,264,065
|
103.047
|
At
June 30, 2004
|
$
|
1,479,500,209
|
$
|
38,033,673
|
$
|
1,517,533,882
|
102.571
|
$
|
1,508,421,270
|
101.955
|
At
March 31, 2004
|
$
|
1,473,583,661
|
$
|
39,535,014
|
$
|
1,513,118,676
|
102.683
|
$
|
1,516,539,744
|
102.915
|
The
Company had approximately $130.5 million of cash and cash equivalents as of
December 31, 2005.
Liabilities
In
May 2005, Opteum issued $50 million of trust preferred securities of Bimini
Capital Trust I (“BCTI”). The interest rate on the BCTI trust preferred
securities is fixed for the first five years at 7.61% and then floats at
a
spread of 3.30% over three-month LIBOR for the remaining 25 years. However,
the
trust preferred securities are redeemable at Opteum’s option at the end of the
first five year period and at any subsequent date that Opteum chooses. In
addition, in October 2005, Opteum issued an additional $50 million of trust
preferred securities of Bimini Capital Trust II (“BCTII”). The interest rate on
the BCTII trust preferred securities is fixed for the first five years at
7.8575% and then floats at a spread of 3.50% over three-month LIBOR for the
remaining 25 years. However, the trust preferred securities are redeemable
at
Opteum’s option at the end of the first five year period and at any subsequent
date that Opteum chooses. Opteum believes that the income generated from
available investment opportunities, when the use of leverage is employed
for the
purchase of assets, will exceed the cost of the debt. However, the issuance
of
debt at a fixed rate for any long-term period, considering the use of leverage,
could create an interest rate mismatch if Opteum is not able to invest at
yields
that exceed the cost of the trust preferred securities.
Opteum
has entered into repurchase agreements to finance acquisitions of primarily
agency and government mortgage related securities. None of the counter-parties
to these agreements are affiliates of Opteum. These agreements are secured
by
the mortgage related securities and bear interest rates that are based on
a
spread to LIBOR. As of December 31, 2005, Opteum had 18 master repurchase
agreements with various investment banking firms and other lenders and had
outstanding balances under 14 of these agreements.
At
December 31, 2005, Opteum had approximately $3.3 billion outstanding
under repurchase agreements with a net weighted average borrowing cost of
4.15%,
$914.3 million of which matures between two and 30 days,
$858.0 million of which matures between 31 and 90 days, and
$1,565.3 million of which matures in more than 90 days. It is Opteum’s
present intention to seek to renew these repurchase agreements as they mature
under the then-applicable borrowing terms of the counter-parties to our
repurchase agreements. At December 31, 2005, the repurchase agreements were
secured by mortgage related securities with an estimated fair value of $3.5
billion and a weighted average maturity of 313 months.
51
At
December 31, 2005, Opteum’s repurchase agreements had the following
counter-parties, amounts outstanding, amounts at risk and weighted average
remaining maturities:
Repurchase
Agreement Counterparties
|
Amount
Outstanding ($000)
|
Amount
at Risk(1) ($000)
|
Weighted
Average Maturity of Repurchase Agreements in Days
|
Percent
of Total Amount Outstanding
|
||
Deutsche
Bank Securities, Inc.
|
$
|
894,748
|
$
|
12,018
|
135
|
26.81%
|
Nomura
Securities International, Inc.
|
623,631
|
27,010
|
122
|
18.69
|
||
Cantor
Fitzgerald
|
467,638
|
15,958
|
70
|
14.01
|
||
Washington
Mutual
|
375,345
|
11,630
|
7
|
11.25
|
||
Goldman
Sachs
|
207,525
|
7,438
|
44
|
6.22
|
||
Bear
Stearns & Co. Inc.
|
167,610
|
6,096
|
157
|
5.02
|
||
UBS
Investment Bank, LLC
|
158,781
|
5,059
|
93
|
4.76
|
||
Merrill
Lynch
|
128,119
|
(7,949)
|
96
|
3.84
|
||
JP
Morgan Securities
|
115,807
|
1,652
|
151
|
3.47
|
||
Morgan
Stanley
|
73,505
|
1,767
|
26
|
2.20
|
||
Lehman
Brothers
|
62,643
|
2,399
|
87
|
1.88
|
||
Countrywide
Securities Corp
|
22,930
|
1,238
|
86
|
0.69
|
||
Daiwa
Securities America Inc.
|
19,732
|
39
|
188
|
0.58
|
||
Bank
of America Securities, LLC
|
19,584
|
815
|
27
|
0.58
|
||
Total
|
$
|
3,337,598
|
$
|
85,170
|
100.00%
|
(1) Equal
to
the fair value of securities sold, plus accrued interest income, minus the
sum
of repurchase agreement liabilities, plus accrued interest expense.
As
of
December 31, 2005, OFS had warehouse lines and aggregation lines of credit,
used
for the origination or purchase of mortgage loans, outstanding of approximately
$864.0 million. At any given point in time, the dollar amount of loans held
by
OFS can be a high multiple of the amount of equity allocated to the OFS.
The
warehouse lines and aggregation lines of credit enable OFS to originate or
purchase loans and finance loans until they are sold in a timely and capital
efficient manner. These borrowings leverage the equity capital at OFS.
Functionally, OFS issues drafts or wires at loan settlement in order to
facilitate the closing of mortgage loans held for sale. Drafts payable represent
mortgage loans on which a closing has occurred prior to year end but the
related
drafts have not cleared the respective bank. Upon clearing the bank, the
drafts
are funded by the appropriate warehouse line of credit. Warehouse and
aggregation lines of credit and loans sale agreements accounted for as financing
consisted of the following at December 31, 2005:
Warehouse
and aggregation lines of credit:
|
2005
|
|
A
committed warehouse line of credit for $100 million between the
Company
and Residential Funding Corporation ("RFC").
|
$
|
9,246,486
|
A
committed warehouse line of credit for $284.5 million between the
Company
and Colonial Bank.
|
246,706,788
|
|
A
committed warehouse line of credit for $150 million between the
Company
and JP Morgan Chase.
|
67,969,568
|
|
An
Aggregation facility for $1.0 billion between the Company and Citigroup
Global Markets Realty Inc. to aggregate loans pending securitization.
|
70,269,031
|
|
A
$750 million purchase and security agreement among OFS and UBS
Warburg
Real Estate Securities, Inc. (“UBS Warburg”)
|
469,811,083
|
|
$
|
864,002,956
|
OFS
had
other secured borrowings totaling $104.9 million that were collateralized
by
residual interests in securitizations and originated mortgage servicing rights.
These borrowings are short-term and mature within 364 days. The outstanding
balances on these lines of credit were as follows as of December 31,
2005:
2005
|
||
A
committed working capital line of credit for $82.5 million between
OFS and
Colonial Bank
|
$
|
73,204,674
|
A
committed warehouse line of credit for $150.0 million between OFS
and JP
Morgan Chase, that allows for a sublimit for mortgage
|
7,410,000
|
|
Citigroup
Global Realty Inc., working capital line of credit secured by the
retained
interests in securitizations through OPMAC 2005-4
|
24,271,665
|
|
$
|
104,886,339
|
Opteum
has lent to OFS $65.0 million to use for general operating purposes. OFS
pays
Opteum interest at an annual rate of 11.0%, payable semi-annually, on the
loan,
which matures on November 1, 2015. The amounts under this arrangement were
eliminated in preparation of the consolidated financial statements.
52
Equity
Accumulated
other comprehensive loss, as reflected in the stockholders’ equity section,
increased approximately $75.3
million
from December 31, 2004 to December 31, 2005. This is reflective
of an overall decline in the fair value of Opteum’s portfolio as compared to the
original aggregate purchase price of the investments. Changes in interest
rates over time, as described previously in the Introduction and Overview
section, are the primary market factor for this value decline; generally,
as
interest rates rise, the value of long-term interest rate sensitive securities
decline. The value of the majority of Opteum’s assets is driven by movements in
short-term rates—rates typically inside two years. As described more fully
below, these rates increased substantially over the period. Additionally,
as
longer term rates decreased, prepayment expectations increased resulting
in a
widening in the spreads at which Opteum’s assets are priced.
The
Company has negative retained earnings (titled “accumulated deficit” in the
stockholders’ equity section) at December 31, 2005 partially because of the
consequences of Opteum’s tax qualification as a REIT. The negative retained
earnings was entirely a result of Opteum’s REIT status as of December 31, 2005,
2004 and 2003. As is more fully described in the section titled “Future
REIT Taxable Income Distributions,” Opteum’s dividends are based on its net
taxable income, as determined for federal income tax purposes, and not on
its
net income computed in accordance with GAAP (as reported in the accompanying
financial statements). Therefore, to the extent that Opteum’s cumulative
net taxable income is greater than cumulative financial statement income
and Opteum continues to pay out as dividends all of its net taxable income,
the
Company will report negative retained earnings on its balance
sheet.
The
table
below shows Opteum’s average investments held, total interest income, yield on
average earning assets, average repurchase balances outstanding, interest
expense, average cost of funds, net interest income and net interest spread
for
the quarter ended December 31, 2005 and the seven previous quarters for
Opteum’s portfolio of MBS securities only. The data in the table below
does not include information pertaining to OFS’s results of operations. Opteum
commenced operations on December 19, 2003 and quarterly results for the
period ended December 31, 2003 are not meaningful.
RATIOS
FOR THE QUARTERS HAVE BEEN ANNUALIZED
Quarter
Ended
|
Average
Investment
Securities
Held
|
Total
Interest Income
|
Yield
on
Average
Interest
Earning
Assets
|
Average
Balance
of
Repurchase
Agreements
Outstanding
|
Interest
Expense
|
Average
Cost
of
Funds
|
Net
Interest
Income
|
Net
Interest
Spread
|
||||||
December
31, 2005
|
$
|
3,676,174,530
|
$
|
43,139,911
|
4.694
%
|
$
|
3,533,486,002
|
$
|
35,912,966
|
4.065
%
|
$
|
7,226,945
|
0.629
%
|
|
September
30, 2005
|
$
|
3,867,262,849
|
$
|
43,574,308
|
4.507
%
|
$
|
3,723,603,116
|
$
|
33,101,847
|
3.556
%
|
$
|
10,472,461
|
0.951
%
|
|
June 30,
2005
|
$
|
3,587,628,779
|
$
|
36,748,640
|
4.097
%
|
$
|
3,449,743,973
|
$
|
26,703,422
|
3.096
%
|
$
|
10,045,218
|
1.001
%
|
|
March 31,
2005
|
$
|
3,136,142,229
|
$
|
31,069,934
|
3.963
%
|
$
|
2,976,409,157
|
$
|
19,841,710
|
2.667
%
|
$
|
11,228,224
|
1.296
%
|
|
December 31,
2004
|
$
|
2,305,748,481
|
$
|
20,463,071
|
3.550
%
|
$
|
2,159,890,886
|
$
|
10,824,164
|
2.005
%
|
$
|
9,638,907
|
1.545
%
|
|
September 30,
2004
|
$
|
1,573,342,668
|
$
|
11,017,346
|
2.801
%
|
$
|
1,504,919,407
|
$
|
4,253,337
|
1.131
%
|
$
|
6,764,009
|
1.670
%
|
|
June 30,
2004
|
$
|
1,512,480,507
|
$
|
10,959,098
|
2.898
%
|
$
|
1,452,004,000
|
$
|
4,344,012
|
1.197
%
|
$
|
6,615,086
|
1.702
%
|
|
March 31,
2004
|
$
|
871,140,453
|
$
|
7,194,033
|
3.303
%
|
$
|
815,814,500
|
$
|
2,736,434
|
1.342
%
|
$
|
4,457,599
|
1.962
%
|
The
interest expense amount for the third quarter of 2005 has been adjusted as
follows:
Interest
expense as originally reported
|
$
|
31,829,278
|
Plus
interest on BCTI for quarter
|
972,569
|
|
Plus
incentive fees paid to AVM, LP
|
300,000
|
|
Interest
expense for the quarter
|
$
|
33,101,847
|
Actions
by the Federal Reserve and the resulting impact on various market interest
rates
have adversely impacted the net interest spread earned on Opteum’s portfolio of
MBS securities over Opteum’s repurchase agreement funding. Management has
taken steps to mitigate the continued impact of further interest rate movements
initiated by the Federal Reserve. Opteum’s portfolio of MBS securities has
been adjusted and now contains a greater proportion of adjustable rate
securities whose coupons reset in 12 months or less. However, while the
coupons on these securities reset frequently and their coupons are tied to
the
same market interest rates impacted by Federal Reserve actions; they do so
with
a lag and there is no assurance that our net interest spread will not be
compressed further.
53
Results
of Operations
(Please
see Selected Consolidated Financial Data table in Item 6.)
The
year
ended December 31, 2005 as compared with the year ended December 31,
2004 differed substantially because Opteum’s asset base grew significantly
during the year and because Opteum acquired OFS. Because Opteum had limited
operations in 2003, the results for 2004 are not comparable to any previous
period.
Consolidated
net income for the year ended December 31, 2005 was $24.3 million, compared
to
$22.9
million
for the year ended December 31, 2004. Consolidated net income per diluted
Class A Common Share was $1.12 in 2005 compared to $1.97 in 2004.
Opteum
expected the acquisition of OFS in the fourth quarter of 2005 to result in
the
addition of substantial ongoing operating expenses for the Company because
the
mortgage origination business is very labor intensive. For the year ended
December 31, 2005 consolidated general and administrative costs at the
Company were $20.2
million.
Operating expenses, which incorporate trading costs, commissions and other
direct costs, were $1.0
million
for the year. Opteum had eleven employees as of September 30, 2005. As a
result
of the acquisition of OFS, the Company had 1,077 employees as of December
31,
2005.
The
Company earned $37.0 million of consolidated net interest income for the
year ended December 31, 2005, and $27.0 million of net interest income
for the year ended December 31, 2004. As measured against invested assets
during each period, these net interest earnings represented an annualized
net
yield of approximately 1.0% for the year ended December 31, 2005 and 1.4%
for the year ended December 31, 2004. These earnings are not representative
of what can be expected for future periods, as Opteum only began to acquire
investments in late December 2003, and the funds received
during
the year ended December 2004 from the private placements and public
offerings were not fully invested for the entire twelve-month period. Borrowing
rates increased during 2005 faster than the yields on our current portfolio.
The
substantial decrease in the spread between the yields on assets and the costs
to
finance those assets will inevitably cause a decrease in net interest spread
and
net earnings. In 2005, Opteum issued $100 million of trust preferred securities
that Opteum used in part to purchase mortgage related securities. The addition
of these notes will make comparing Opteum’s results to past periods more
difficult. The acquisition of OFS will create potential opportunities for
earnings but will also add substantive expenses making the comparison of
Opteum’s results to past reporting periods difficult.
During
the period ended December 31, 2005 the Company, through its TRS, sold
approximately $1.30 billion of originated and purchased mortgage loans held
for
sale. The loan sales had a minimal impact on the revenue of the Company,
as the
loans had been marked to their market value through the purchase accounting
adjustments with the acquisition of OFS on November 3, 2005. In addition,
Opteum
sold $241.0 million of mortgage related securities from the investment portfolio
at a net gain of approximately $2.0 million. Although Opteum generally intends
to hold its portfolio investment securities to maturity, Opteum may determine
at
some time before they mature that it is in its interest to sell them and
purchase securities with other characteristics. In that event, Opteum’s earnings
will be affected by realized gains or losses. OFS serviced approximately
$7.7
billion or originated mortgage servicing rights as of December 31, 2005.
It is
OFS’s intention to continue to hold originated mortgage servicing
rights.
For
the
years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004 comprehensive income (loss) was ($49.1)
million including the net unrealized loss on the available for sale securities
of ($73.3) million and $21.8 including the net unrealized loss on available
for
sale securities of ($1.0) million respectively. The factors resulting in
the
unrealized loss on available for sale securities are described above.
54
Gains
on Sales of Mortgage Assets and Losses on Derivative Instruments
(in
thousands)
For
the Period November 3, 2005 (date of merger) through December 31,
2005
|
2004
|
||
Fair
Value adjustment of residuals interests, trading
|
$
|
3,660
|
N/A
|
Loss
on whole loan sales
|
(128)
|
N/A
|
|
Fees
on brokered loans
|
936
|
N/A
|
|
Loss
on derivatives
|
(3,660)
|
N/A
|
|
Direct
loan origination expenses, deferred
|
8,663
|
N/A
|
|
Fees
earned, brokering servicing
|
381
|
N/A
|
|
9,852
|
N/A
|
||
Net
origination points and fees
|
1,341
|
N/A
|
|
Direct
loan origination expenses, reclassified
|
(10,343)
|
N/A
|
|
(9,002)
|
N/A
|
||
Net
gain on sale of mortgage loans
|
$
|
850
|
N/A
|
Taxable
Net Income
For
the
year 2005, Opteum's net taxable income for federal income tax purposes is
approximately $2.1
million
greater
than Opteum’s net income computed on a GAAP basis, and the Company therefore has
declared and paid distributions (dividends) based on this higher amount.
The
most significant portion of this amount, approximately $2.0 million, is
attributable to phantom stock awards made to senior management and key
employees. The future deduction of this amount against net taxable income
is
uncertain both as to the year (as the timing of the tax impact of each
restricted stock award is up to each employee who has received a grant) and
as
to the amount (the amount of the tax impact is measured at the fair value
of the
shares as of a future date, and this amount may be greater than or less than
the
GAAP net income deduction already taken by Opteum).
Depending
on the actual size of these timing or temporary differences, some of which
are
not entirely in Opteum's control (including the impact of the restricted
stock
awards discussed above), future distributions (dividends) may be substantially
greater than or less than Opteum’s GAAP net income in any future fiscal
reporting quarter or year. Since inception through December 31, 2005
Opteum's net taxable income, as reported on its federal income tax returns,
is
approximately
$3.0 million
greater
than Opteum’s GAAP net income as included in the consolidated financial
statements.
Future
Taxable Income Distributions
In
future
years, Opteum’s taxable net income may grow to be even greater than GAAP net
income as the interest on the $65.0 million loan Opteum made to OFS could
generate annual taxable net income of $7.15 million. This interest is not
reported for GAAP as it is eliminated in consolidation.
Taxable
Net Income
(in
thousands)
For
the Year Ended December 31,
|
||||
2005
|
2004
|
|||
Consolidated
Net Income
|
$
|
24,283
|
$
|
22,857
|
Consolidation
eliminations between the REIT and TRS
|
||||
Net
Operating Losses and other
|
(80)
|
-
|
||
OFS
loss for the year
|
6,632
|
-
|
||
Opteum
net income
|
30,835
|
22,857
|
||
Adjustments
to Opteum net income to compute Opteum taxable income
|
2,052
|
817
|
||
Opteum
taxable income available to shareholders
|
$
|
32,887
|
$
|
23,674
|
Opteum
taxable income per dividend eligible share (A)
|
$
|
1.33
|
$
|
1.44
|
Dividend
eligible shares (A)
|
24,638,396
|
16,401,903
|
(A)
The
number of dividend eligible shares, which includes Class A and Class B Common
Stock and restricted shares issued pursuant to Opteum’s share based compensation
plan, as of the end of each period presented is used in calculating the taxable
income per dividend eligible share.
55
In
order
to maintain Opteum’s qualification as a REIT, Opteum is required (among other
provisions) to distribute dividends to stockholders in an amount at least
equal
to, generally, 90% of its "taxable net income." "Taxable net income" is a
term
that describes operating results following taxation rules and regulations
governed by various provisions of the Code. Taxable net income is computed
differently from net income as computed in accordance with GAAP ("GAAP net
income"), which is included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Depending on the number and size of the various items or transactions being
accounted for differently, the differences between taxable net income and
GAAP
net income can be substantial and each item can affect several reporting
periods. Generally, these items are timing or temporary differences between
years; for example, an item that may be a deduction for GAAP net income in
the
current year is not a deduction for taxable net income until a later year.
As
a
REIT, Opteum may be subject to a federal excise tax. An excise tax is incurred
if Opteum distributes less than 85 percent of its taxable net income by the
end
of the calendar year. Opteum's
most significant item currently being accounted for differently are the
restricted stock awards.
OFS
is
treated as a “taxable REIT subsidiary,” or a “TRS”, of Opteum. OFS is subject to
corporate income taxes and files stand-alone federal and state income tax
returns. OFS reported a net loss from continuing operations before income
taxes
of $10.9 million for the period November 3, 2005 (date of merger) through
December 31, 2005. The operating loss partially reflects the one time impact
of
purchase accounting. When Opteum acquired OFS, all of OFS’s assets were recorded
at fair value on the acquisition date of November 3, 2005. The loans that
OFS
owned were subsequently sold during the quarter to either third party investors
or into the new securitization OPMAC 2005-5, which was settled on November
29,
2005. The proceeds received from these sales and securitization were equal
to
the recorded value of the assets due to the purchase accounting used to reflect
the acquisition of OFS by Opteum. Therefore, no gain or loss was recognized
from
the results of these transactions. OFS had IRLCs along with other instruments
that are hedges for both these IRLCs and mortgage loans held for sale and
both
are considered freestanding derivatives. The changes to the fair value of
these
freestanding derivatives from inception to the period end are recorded at
their
fair value with the resulting gain or loss reflected in current period earnings.
The result of the changes in the fair value of these freestanding derivatives
was a loss of approximately $3.7
million
as of December 31, 2005. OFS can recognize a gain in the value of mortgages
held
for sale only when the loans are sold.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
Opteum’s
primary source of funds as of December 31, 2005 consisted of repurchase
agreements totaling $3.3 billion, with a net weighted average borrowing cost
of
4.15%. Opteum expects to continue to borrow funds in the form of repurchase
agreements. At December 31, 2005, Opteum had master repurchase agreements
in place with 18 counter-parties and had outstanding balances under 14 of
these
agreements. These master repurchase agreements have no stated expiration
but can
be terminated at any time at Opteum’s option or at the option of the
counterparty. However, once a definitive repurchase agreement under a master
repurchase agreement has been entered into, it generally may not be terminated
by either party. As of December 31, 2005, all of the existing repurchase
agreements matured in less than one year. Increases in short-term interest
rates
could negatively impact the valuation of Opteum’s mortgage related securities,
which could limit Opteum’s borrowing ability or cause Opteum’s lenders to
initiate margin calls.
During
2005, Opteum entered into contracts and paid commitment fees to three lenders
providing for an aggregate of $1.85 billion in committed repurchase lines
at
pre-determined borrowing rates and haircuts for a 364 day period following
the
commencement date of each contract. Opteum has no obligation to utilize these
repurchase lines.
In
addition, in order to facilitate the origination of mortgage loans, OFS had
warehouse lines and aggregation lines of credit outstanding of approximately
$864.0 million. OFS also had approximately $104.9 million outstanding on
other
lines of credit that are secured by the residual interests and the originated
mortgage servicing rights with various lenders. The rates on these borrowings
generally are based on a spread to LIBOR.
For
liquidity, Opteum will also rely on cash flow from operations, primarily
monthly
principal and interest payments to be received on the mortgage related
securities, as well as any primary securities offerings authorized by the
Company’s Board of Directors. OFS may generate cash flow from residual interest
in mortgage securitizations as well as receive funds from originated mortgage
servicing rights and originated loan fees.
Opteum
believes that equity and junior subordinated debt capital, combined with
the
cash flow from operations and the utilization of borrowings, will be sufficient
to enable Opteum to meet anticipated liquidity requirements. Various changes
in
market conditions could adversely affect liquidity, including increases in
interest rates, increases in prepayment rates substantially above expectations,
or the reduction of fee income generated through mortgage originations. If
cash
resources are at any time insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements,
Opteum may be required to pledge additional assets to meet margin calls,
liquidate mortgage related securities or sell debt or additional equity
securities. If required, the sale of mortgage related securities or originated
mortgage loans held for sale at prices lower than the carrying value of such
assets would result in losses and reduced income.
Opteum
may in the future increase capital resources by making additional offerings
of
equity and debt securities, including classes of preferred stock, common
stock,
commercial paper, medium-term notes, collateralized mortgage obligations
and
senior or subordinated notes. All debt securities, other borrowings, and
classes
of preferred stock will be senior to the Class A Common Stock in a
liquidation of our company. Additional equity offerings may be dilutive to
stockholders' equity or reduce the market price of our Class A Common
Stock, or both. Opteum is unable to estimate the amount, timing or nature
of any
additional offerings as they will depend upon market conditions and other
factors.
56
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
As
discussed previously, OFS pools the loans they originate and purchase and
securitize them to obtain long-term financing for the assets. The loans are
transferred to a trust where they serve as collateral for asset-backed bonds,
which the trust issues to the public. From
November 3, 2005 (date of merger) through December 31, 2005 OFS executed
one
securitization collateralized by $986.3
million
of loans. In addition, OFS held approximately $98 million of retained interests
from securitizations as of December 31, 2005. OFS’s
ability to use the securitization capital market is critical to the operations
and overall profitability of our business.
External
factors that are reasonably likely to affect OFS’s ability to continue to use
these markets would be those factors that could disrupt the securitization
capital market. A disruption in the market could prevent OFS from being able
to
sell the securities at a favorable price, or at all. Factors that could disrupt
the securitization market include an international liquidity crisis such
as
occurred in the fall of 1998, a terrorist attack, outbreak of war or other
significant event risk, market specific events such as a default of a comparable
type of securitization. If OFS were unable to access the securitization market,
OFS may still be able to finance the mortgage operations by selling the loans
to
investors in the whole loan market but at lower than anticipated margins.
Specific
items that may affect OFS’s ability to use the securitizations to finance their
loans relate primarily to the performance of the loans that have been
securitized. Extremely poor loan performance may lead to poor bond performance
and investor unwillingness to buy bonds supported by OFS’s collateral. OFS’s
financial condition could also have an adverse impact on our ability to access
the securitization market if there was the perception that our financial
condition had deteriorated to the point where investors would question OFS’s
ability to stand behind their representations and warranties made in connection
with their securitizations (Opteum has guaranteed the performance of OFS’s
representation and warranties). The financial performance and condition of
the
past securitizations of OFS are too early to evaluate the impact of the
underlying collateral’s performance. Additionally, past economic conditions that
may have contributed to a favorable performance may not be an indication
of
future performance should economic conditions change unfavorably.
OFS
has
commitments to borrowers to fund residential mortgage loans as well as
commitments to purchase and sell mortgage loans to third parties. As of December
31, 2005, OFS had outstanding commitments to originate loans of approximately
$368.5 million. As of December 31, 2005, OFS had outstanding commitments
to sell
loans of approximately $144.0 million. The commitments to originate and purchase
loans do not necessarily represent future cash requirements, as some portion
of
the commitments are likely to expire without being drawn upon or may be
subsequently declined for credit or other reasons.
Inflation
Virtually
all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are financial in nature. As a
result, interest rates and other factors influence the Company’s performance far
more so than does inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily
correlate with inflation rates or changes in inflation rates. The Company’s
financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and the Company’s
distributions are determined by the Company’s Board of Directors based primarily
on the Company’s net taxable income as calculated for federal income tax
purposes; in each case, the Company’s activities and balance sheet are measured
with reference to historical cost and or fair market value without considering
inflation.
Credit
Risk
At
December 31, 2005, Opteum had limited its exposure to credit losses on its
portfolio of securities by purchasing primarily securities from federal agencies
or federally chartered entities, such as, but not limited to, Fannie Mae,
Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae. The portfolio is diversified to avoid undue
loan
origination, geographic and other types of concentrations. Opteum manages
the
risk of prepayments of the underlying mortgages by creating a diversified
portfolio with a variety of prepayment characteristics.
Opteum
is
engaged in various trading and brokerage activities in which counter-parties
primarily include broker-dealers, banks, and other financial institutions.
In
the event counter-parties do not fulfill their obligations, Opteum may be
exposed to risk of loss. The risk of default depends on the creditworthiness
of
the counter-party and/or issuer of the instrument. It is the Opteum’s policy to
review, as necessary, the credit standing for each counter-party.
57
OFS
has
credit exposure to representation and warranties with respect to loans OFS
sell
to the whole loan market and loans OFS sells to securitization entities.
When
OFS sells loans to the whole loan market, OFS has exposure for loans that
default within certain timeframes. In these cases, OFS may be obligated to
repurchase the loans. In addition, the credit performance of the loans
originated or acquired by OFS will ultimately impact the performance of their
retained interests in securitizations or the value of the originated mortgage
servicing rights. The valuation of both retained interests in
securitizations and mortgage servicing rights is a function of both the credit
performance of the underlying loans as well as the prepayment speeds
realized.
Movements
in interest rates can pose risks to Opteum either a rising or declining interest
rate environment. Opteum depends on substantial borrowings to conduct Opteum’s
business. These borrowings are most typically done at variable interest rate
terms which will increase as short-term interest rates rise. (Note that the
interest rates on Opteum’s junior subordinated notes are fixed for the first
five years.) Additionally, when interest rates rise, the prices of securities
in
Opteum’s portfolio, loans held for sale and any loan applications in process
with locked-in rates decrease in value. To preserve the value of such loans
or
applications in process with locked-in rates, agreements may be executed
for
mandatory loan sales to be settled at future dates with fixed prices. These
sales can take the form of forward sales of mortgage-backed securities.
When
interest rates decline, prepayments on Opteum’s portfolio may exceed its
expectations. Opteum may reinvest the proceeds from the prepayments at lower
yields than the original investments. Additionally, fallout in the originated
mortgage loan pipeline may occur as a result of customers withdrawing their
applications. In those instances, OFS may be required to purchase loans at
current market prices to fulfill existing mandatory loan sale agreements,
thereby incurring losses upon sale.
Movements
in interest rates also impact the value of mortgage servicing rights. When
interest rates decline, the loans underlying the mortgage servicing rights
are
generally expected to prepay faster, which reduces the market value of the
mortgage servicing rights. OFS considers the expected increase in loan
origination volumes and the resulting additional origination related income
as a
natural hedge against the expected change in the value of mortgage servicing
rights.
Risk
Management
Mortgage
Pipeline
OFS’s
mortgage committed pipeline includes IRLCs that have been extended to borrowers
who have applied for loan funding and meet certain defined credit and
underwriting criteria. Effective with the adoption of SFAS No. 133, Accounting
for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended, OFS classifies
and accounts for the IRLCs as freestanding derivatives. Accordingly, IRLCs
are
recorded at their fair value with changes in fair value recorded to current
earnings. OFS uses other derivative instruments to economically hedge the
IRLCs,
which are also classified and accounted for as freestanding
derivatives.
Mortgage
Loans Held for Sale
OFS’s
risk management objective for its mortgage loans held for sale includes use
of
mortgage forward delivery contracts designed as fair value derivative
instruments to protect earnings from an unexpected change due to a decline
in
value. Effective with the adoption of SFAS No. 133, OFS’s mortgage forward
delivery contracts are recorded at their fair value with changes in fair
value
recorded to current earnings. Gains (losses) on mortgage forward delivery
contracts represent the change in value from contract inception to funding
date.
IRLCs
and
derivative assets or liabilities arising from OFS’s derivative activities are
included in either receivables or accounts payable and accrued liabilities
in
the accompanying consolidated financial statements. OFS also evaluates its
contractual arrangements, assets and liabilities for the existence of embedded
derivatives.
58
Swap
Agreements
OFS
enters into interest rate swap agreements ("Swap Agreements") to manage its
interest rate exposure on IRLCs and mortgage loans held for sale that will
be
securitized. When OFS enters into a Swap Agreement, it generally agrees to
pay a
fixed rate of interest and to receive a variable interest rate, generally
based
on LIBOR.
The
following tables summarize OFS's interest rate sensitive instruments as of
December 31, 2005:
Notional
Amount
|
Carrying
Amount
|
Estimated
Fair
Value
|
||||
December
31, 2005
|
||||||
Assets:
|
||||||
Mortgage
loans held for sale
|
$
|
$
|
884,751,317
|
$
|
886,334,438
|
|
Mortgage
servicing rights
|
$
|
$
|
86,081,594
|
$
|
94,968,119
|
|
Commitments
and contingencies:
|
||||||
Mortgage
loans held for sale related positions:
|
||||||
Interest
Rate Lock Commitments
|
$
|
368,457,709
|
$
|
1,684,606
|
$
|
1,684,606
|
Interest
Rate SWAP Agreements
|
$
|
727,900,000
|
$
|
(1,678,327)
|
$
|
(1,678,327)
|
Forward
delivery commitments
|
$
|
144,059,873
|
$
|
113,986
|
$
|
113,986
|
Estimated
Expenditures Related to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
As
of
December 31, 2005, Opteum has spent approximately $0.8
million
to implement actions related to compliance with Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”) which includes the allocated time
for full time employees and the cost of outside auditors and service providers
related to Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley.
Forward-Looking
Statements
When
used
in this annual report on Form 10-K, in future filings with the Commission
or in press releases or other written or oral communications, statements
which
are not historical in nature, including those containing words such as
“anticipate,” “estimate,” “should,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend” and similar
expressions, are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the
meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(“Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended (“Exchange Act”), and, as such, may involve known and unknown risks,
uncertainties and assumptions.
These
forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties,
including, but not limited to, those relating to: changes in the prepayment
rates on the mortgage loans securing Opteum’s MBS; changes in interest rates and
the market value of Opteum’s MBS; Opteum’s ability to use borrowings to finance
its assets; changes in government regulations affecting Opteum’s business;
Opteum’s ability to maintain its qualification as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes; and changes in business conditions and the general economy. These
and
other risks, uncertainties and factors, including those described in reports
that Opteum files from time to time with the Commission, could cause Opteum’s
actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking
statements it makes. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the
date
they are made and Opteum does not undertake, and specifically disclaims,
any
obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect
events
or circumstances occurring after the date of such statements.
Contractual
Obligations and Commitments
The
following table provides information with respect to the Company’s contractual
obligations at December 31, 2005 (dollars in thousands):
Payments
Due by Period
|
||||||||||
Contractual
Obligations
|
Total
|
Less
than 1 year
|
1-3
years
|
3-5
years
|
More
than 5 years
|
|||||
Repurchase
agreements
|
$
|
3,337,598
|
$
|
3,337,598
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
-
|
Warehouse
lines of credit
|
864,003
|
864,003
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|||||
Drafts
payable
|
9,738
|
9,738
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|||||
Other
secured borrowings
|
104,866
|
104,866
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|||||
Junior
subordinated notes
|
103,097
|
-
|
-
|
103,097
|
-
|
|||||
Operating
leases
|
17,592
|
-
|
-
|
16,896
|
696
|
|||||
Total
|
$
|
4,436,894
|
$
|
4,316,205
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
119,993
|
$
|
696
|
59
ITEM
7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Opteum
Opteum
believes the primary risk inherent in its investments is the effect of movements
in interest rates. This arises because the changes in interest rates on Opteum's
borrowings will not be perfectly coordinated with the effects of interest
rate
changes on the income from, or value of, its investments. Opteum therefore
follows an interest rate risk management program designed to offset the
potential adverse effects resulting from the rate adjustment limitations
on its
mortgage related securities. Opteum seeks to minimize differences between
the
interest rate indices and interest rate adjustment periods of its
adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities and those of its related borrowings.
Opteum's
interest rate risk management program encompasses a number of procedures,
including the following:
§
|
monitoring
and adjusting, if necessary, the interest rate sensitivity of its
mortgage
related securities compared with the interest rate sensitivities
of its
borrowings;
|
§
|
attempting
to structure its repurchase agreements that fund its purchases
of
adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities to have a range of different
maturities and interest rate adjustment periods. Opteum attempts
to
structure these repurchase agreements to match the reset dates
on its
adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities. At December 31, 2005, the
weighted average months to reset of Opteum's adjustable-rate
mortgage-backed securities was 4.5 months and the weighted average
reset on the corresponding repurchase agreements was 2.6 months; and
|
§
|
actively
managing, on an aggregate basis, the interest rate indices and
interest
rate adjustment periods of its mortgage related securities compared
to the
interest rate indices and adjustment periods of its borrowings.
Opteum's
liabilities under its repurchase agreements are all LIBOR-based,
and
Opteum, among other considerations, selects its adjustable-rate
mortgage-backed securities to favor LIBOR indexes. As of December 31,
2005, over 29% of its adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities
were
LIBOR-based.
|
As
a
result, Opteum expects to be able to adjust the average maturities and reset
periods of its borrowings on an ongoing basis by changing the mix of maturities
and interest rate adjustment periods as borrowings mature or are renewed.
Through the use of these procedures, Opteum attempts to reduce the risk of
differences between interest rate adjustment periods of its adjustable-rate
mortgage-backed securities and those of its related borrowings.
Because
Opteum attempts to match its assets and liabilities from an interest rate
perspective and hold its assets to maturity, it expects to have limited exposure
to changes in interest rates. However, Opteum will be exposed to changes
in
interest rates either (i) upon refinancing borrowings that expire before
the related assets are repaid or (ii) upon reinvesting (and refinancing)
proceeds following the maturity of current investments, if interest rates
were
to rise substantially.
As
a
further means of protecting its portfolio against the effects of major interest
rate changes Opteum may employ a limited hedging strategy under which it
purchases interest rate cap contracts (under which it would generally be
entitled to payment if interest rate indices exceed the agreed rates).
Interest
Rate Risk
Opteum
is
subject to interest rate risk in connection with its investments in mortgage
related securities and its related debt obligations, which are generally
repurchase agreements of limited duration that are periodically refinanced
at
current market rates.
Effect
on Net Interest Income
Opteum
funds its investments in long-term fixed-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate
mortgage-backed securities with short-term borrowings under repurchase
agreements. During periods of rising interest rates, the borrowing costs
associated with those fixed-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed
securities tend to increase while the income earned on such fixed-rate
mortgage-backed securities and hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities
(during the fixed-rate component of such securities) may remain substantially
unchanged. This results in a narrowing of the net interest spread between
the
related assets and borrowings and may even result in losses. Opteum may enter
into interest rate cap contracts or forward funding agreements seeking to
mitigate the negative impact of a rising interest rate environment. Hedging
techniques will be based, in part, on assumed levels of prepayments of Opteum's
fixed-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities. If prepayments
are slower or faster than assumed, the life of the mortgage related securities
will be longer or shorter, which would reduce the effectiveness of any hedging
techniques Opteum may utilize and may result in losses on such transactions.
Hedging techniques involving the use of derivative securities are highly
complex
and may produce volatile returns. Opteum's hedging activity will also be
limited
by the asset and sources-of-income requirements applicable to it as a REIT.
60
Extension
Risk
Opteum
invests in fixed-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities.
Hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities have interest rates that
are
fixed for the first few years of the loan—typically three, five, seven or
10 years—and thereafter their interest rates reset periodically on the same
basis as adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities. As of December 31,
2005, approximately 20.2% of Opteum's investment portfolio was comprised
of
hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities. Opteum computes the projected
weighted average life of its fixed-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate
mortgage-backed securities based on the market's assumptions regarding the
rate
at which the borrowers will prepay the underlying mortgages. In general,
when a
fixed-rate or hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed security is acquired
with
borrowings, Opteum may, but is not required to, enter into interest rate
cap
contracts or forward funding agreements that effectively cap or fix its
borrowing costs for a period close to the anticipated average life of the
fixed-rate portion of the related mortgage-backed security. This strategy
is
designed to protect Opteum from rising interest rates because the borrowing
costs are fixed for the duration of the fixed-rate portion of the related
mortgage-backed security. However, if prepayment rates decrease in a rising
interest rate environment, the life of the fixed-rate portion of the related
mortgage-backed security could extend beyond the term of the swap agreement
or
other hedging instrument. This situation could negatively impact Opteum as
borrowing costs would no longer be fixed after the end of the hedging
instrument, while the income earned on the fixed-rate or hybrid adjustable-rate
mortgage-backed security would remain fixed. This situation may also cause
the
market value of Opteum's fixed-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed
securities to decline with little or no offsetting gain from the related
hedging
transactions. In extreme situations, Opteum may be forced to sell assets
and
incur losses to maintain adequate liquidity.
Adjustable-Rate
and Hybrid Adjustable-Rate Mortgage-Backed Security Interest Rate Cap
Risk
Opteum
also invests in adjustable-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed
securities, which are based on mortgages that are typically subject to periodic
and lifetime interest rate caps and floors, which limit the amount by which
an
adjustable-rate or hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed security's interest
yield may change during any given period. However, Opteum's borrowing costs
pursuant to its repurchase agreements will not be subject to similar
restrictions. Hence, in a period of increasing interest rates, interest rate
costs on Opteum's borrowings could increase without limitation by caps, while
the interest-rate yields on Opteum's adjustable-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate
mortgage-backed securities would effectively be limited by caps. This problem
will be magnified to the extent Opteum acquires adjustable-rate and hybrid
adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities that are not based on mortgages
which
are fully indexed. Further, the underlying mortgages may be subject to periodic
payment caps that result in some portion of the interest being deferred and
added to the principal outstanding. This could result in Opteum's receipt
of
less cash income on its adjustable-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate
mortgage-backed securities than it needs in order to pay the interest cost
on
its related borrowings. These factors could lower Opteum's net interest income
or cause a net loss during periods of rising interest rates, which would
negatively impact Opteum's financial condition, cash flows and results of
operations.
Interest
Rate Mismatch Risk
Opteum
intends to fund a substantial portion of its acquisitions of adjustable-rate
and
hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities with borrowings that have
interest rates based on indices and repricing terms similar to, but of somewhat
shorter maturities than, the interest rate indices and repricing terms of
the
mortgage related securities it is financing. Thus, Opteum anticipates that
in
most cases the interest rate indices and repricing terms of its mortgage
related
securities and its funding sources will not be identical, thereby creating
an
interest rate mismatch between assets and liabilities. Therefore, Opteum's
cost
of funds would likely rise or fall more quickly than would its earnings rate
on
assets. During periods of changing interest rates, such interest rate mismatches
could negatively impact Opteum's financial condition, cash flows and results
of
operations.
61
Prepayment
Risk
Prepayment
rates for existing mortgage related securities generally increase when
prevailing interest rates fall below the market rate existing when the
underlying mortgages were originated. In addition, prepayment rates on
adjustable-rate and hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities generally
increase when the difference between long-term and short-term interest rates
declines or becomes negative. Prepayments of mortgage related securities
could
harm Opteum's results of operations in several ways. Some adjustable-rate
mortgages underlying Opteum's adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities
may
bear initial "teaser" interest rates that are lower than their "fully-indexed"
rates, which refer to the applicable index rates plus a margin. In the event
that such an adjustable-rate mortgage is prepaid prior to or soon after the
time
of adjustment to a fully-indexed rate, the holder of the related mortgage-backed
security would have held such security while it was less profitable and lost
the
opportunity to receive interest at the fully-indexed rate over the expected
life
of the adjustable-rate mortgage-backed security. Opteum currently owns mortgage
related securities that were purchased at a premium. The prepayment of such
mortgage related securities at a rate faster than anticipated would result
in a
write-off of any remaining capitalized premium amount and a consequent reduction
of Opteum's net interest income by such amount. Finally, in the event that
Opteum is unable to acquire new mortgage related securities to replace the
prepaid mortgage related securities, its financial condition, cash flow and
results of operations could be harmed.
Effect
on Fair Value
Another
component of interest rate risk is the effect changes in interest rates will
have on the market value of Opteum's assets. Opteum faces the risk that the
market value of its assets will increase or decrease at different rates than
that of its liabilities, including its hedging instruments.
Opteum
primarily assesses its interest rate risk by estimating the duration of its
assets and the duration of its liabilities. Duration essentially measures
the
market price volatility of financial instruments as interest rates change.
Opteum generally calculates duration using various financial models and
empirical data, and different models and methodologies can produce different
duration numbers for the same securities.
The
following sensitivity analysis table shows the estimated impact on the fair
value of Opteum's interest rate-sensitive investments at December 31, 2005,
assuming rates instantaneously fall 100 basis points, rise 100 basis points
and
rise 200 basis points:
Interest
Rates Fall
100
Basis Points
|
Interest
Rates Rise
100
Basis Points
|
Interest
Rates Rise
200
Basis Points
|
||||
Adjustable-Rate
Mortgage-Backed Securities
|
||||||
(Fair
Value $2,006,767,437)
|
||||||
Change
in fair value
|
$
|
15,914,103
|
$
|
(15,914,103)
|
$
|
(31,828,205)
|
Change
as a percent of fair value
|
0.79%
|
(0.79%)
|
(1.59%)
|
|||
Fixed-Rate
Mortgage-Backed Securities
|
||||||
(Fair
Value $733,366,217)
|
||||||
Change
in fair value
|
$
|
18,146,951
|
$
|
(18,146,951)
|
$
|
(36,293,902)
|
Change
as a percent of fair value
|
2.47%
|
(2.47%)
|
(4.95%)
|
|||
Hybrid
Adjustable-Rate Mortgage-Backed Securities
|
||||||
(Fair
Value $705,336,907)
|
||||||
Change
in fair value
|
$
|
9,881,706
|
$
|
(9,881,706)
|
$
|
(19,763,412)
|
Change
as a percent of fair value
|
1.40%
|
(1.40%)
|
(2.80%)
|
|||
Balloon
Maturity Mortgage-Backed Securities
|
||||||
(Fair
Value $48,558,798)
|
||||||
Change
in fair value
|
$
|
1,053,430
|
$
|
(679,823)
|
$
|
(1,359,646)
|
Change
as a percent of fair value
|
2.17%
|
(1.40%)
|
(2.80%)
|
|||
Cash
|
||||||
(Fair
Value $130,510,948)
|
||||||
Portfolio
Total
|
||||||
(Fair
Value $3,494,029,359)
|
||||||
Change
in fair value
|
$
|
44,996,190
|
$
|
(44,622,583)
|
$
|
(89,245,165)
|
Change
as a percent of fair value
|
1.29%
|
(1.28%)
|
(2.55%)
|
62
The
table
below reflects the same analysis presented above but with the figures in
the
columns that indicate the estimated impact of a 100 basis point fall or rise
adjusted to reflect the impact of convexity.
Interest
Rates Fall
100
Basis Points
|
Interest
Rates Rise
100
Basis Points
|
Interest
Rates Rise
200
Basis Points
|
||||
Adjustable-Rate
Mortgage-Backed Securities
|
||||||
(Fair
Value $2,006,767,437)
|
||||||
Change
in fair value
|
$
|
10,868,545
|
$
|
(19,865,524)
|
$
|
(46,640,617)
|
Change
as a percent of fair value
|
0.54%
|
(0.99%)
|
(2.32%)
|
|||
Fixed-Rate
Mortgage-Backed Securities
|
||||||
(Fair
Value $733,366,217)
|
||||||
Change
in fair value
|
$
|
13,364,911
|
$
|
(22,880,065)
|
$
|
(50,314,511)
|
Change
as a percent of fair value
|
1.82%
|
(3.12%)
|
(6.86%)
|
|||
Hybrid
Adjustable-Rate Mortgage-Backed Securities
|
||||||
(Fair
Value $705,336,907)
|
||||||
Change
in fair value
|
$
|
7,288,422
|
$
|
(11,806,584)
|
$
|
(26,955,998)
|
Change
as a percent of fair value
|
1.03%
|
(1.67%)
|
(3.82%)
|
|||
Balloon
Maturity Mortgage-Backed Securities
|
||||||
(Fair
Value $48,558,798)
|
||||||
Change
in fair value
|
$
|
954,689
|
$
|
(1,098,374)
|
$
|
(2,223,461)
|
Change
as a percent of fair value
|
1.97%
|
(2.26%)
|
(4.58%)
|
|||
Cash
|
||||||
(Fair
Value $130,510,948)
|
||||||
Portfolio
Total
|
||||||
(Fair
Value $3,494,029,359)
|
||||||
Change
in fair value
|
$
|
32,476,567
|
$
|
(55,650,547)
|
$
|
(126,134,587)
|
Change
as a percent of fair value
|
0.93%
|
(1.59%)
|
(3.61%)
|
In
addition to changes in interest rates, other factors impact the fair value
of
Opteum's interest rate-sensitive investments and hedging instruments, such
as
the shape of the yield curve, market expectations as to future interest rate
changes and other market conditions. Accordingly, in the event of changes
in
actual interest rates, the change in the fair value of Opteum's assets would
likely differ from that shown above and such difference might be material
and
adverse to Opteum's stockholders.
Opteum's
liabilities, consisting primarily of repurchase agreements, are also affected
by
changes in interest rates. As rates rise, the value of the underlying asset,
or
the collateral, declines. In certain circumstances, Opteum could be required
to
post additional collateral in order to maintain the repurchase agreement
position. Opteum maintains a substantial cash position, as well as unpledged
assets, to cover these types of situations. As an example, if interest rates
increased 200 basis points, as shown on the prior table, Opteum's collateral
as
of December 31, 2005 would decline in value by approximately
$126.1 million. Its cash and unpledged assets are currently sufficient to
cover such shortfall. There can be no assurance, however, that Opteum will
always have sufficient cash or unpledged assets to cover shortfalls in all
situations.
Opteum
Financial Services
Risks
associated with OFS’s mortgage origination business:
OFS
may
face loss exposure due to fraudulent and negligent acts on the part of loan
applicants, employees, mortgage brokers and other third parties. When OFS
originates or purchases mortgage loans, OFS relies heavily upon information
provided to them by third parties, including information relating to the
loan
application, property appraisal, title information and employment and income
documentation. If any of this information is fraudulently or negligently
misrepresented to OFS and such misrepresentation is not detected by OFS prior
to
loan funding, the value of the loan may be significantly lower than OFS
expected. Whether a misrepresentation is made by the loan applicant, the
loan
broker, one of OFS’s employees, or any other third party, OFS will generally
bear the risk of loss associated with it.
63
OFS’s
failure to comply with federal, state or local regulation of, or licensing
requirements with respect to, mortgage lending, loan servicing, broker
compensation programs, local branch operations or other aspects of OFS’s
business could harm OFS’s operations and profitability. As a mortgage lender,
loan servicer and broker, OFS is subject to an extensive body of both state
and
federal law. The volume of new or modified laws and regulations has increased
in
recent years and, in addition, some individual municipalities have begun
to
enact laws that restrict loan origination and servicing activities. As a
result,
it may be more difficult to comprehensively identify and accurately interpret
all of these laws and regulations and to properly program OFS’s technology
systems and effectively train OFS’s personnel, thereby potentially increasing
OFS’s exposure to the risks of noncompliance with these laws and
regulations.
OFS’s
failure to comply with these laws can lead to:
§ |
civil
and criminal liability;
|
§ |
loss
of licensure;
|
§ |
damage
to reputation in the industry;
|
§ |
inability
to sell or securitize loans;
|
§ |
demands
for indemnification or loan repurchases from purchasers of OFS’s
loans;
|
§ |
fines
and penalties and litigation, including class action lawsuits;
or
|
§ |
administrative
enforcement actions.
|
OFS’s
business could be adversely affected if OFS experienced an interruption in
or
breach of its communication or information systems or if OFS were unable
to
safeguard the security and privacy of the personal financial information
OFS
receives. OFS relies heavily upon communications and information systems
to
conduct it business. Any material interruption or breach in security of OFS’s
communication or information systems or the third-party systems on which
OFS
relies could cause delays in rendering an underwriting decision or other
delays
and could result in fewer loan applications being received, applications
not
closing, slower processing of applications and reduced efficiency in loan
servicing. Additionally, in connection with OFS’s loan file due diligence
reviews, OFS has access to the personal financial information of the borrowers
which is highly sensitive and confidential, and subject to significant federal
and state regulation. If a third party were to misappropriate this information,
OFS potentially could be subject to both private and public legal actions.
Although OFS has policies and procedures designed to safeguard confidential
information, OFS can provide no assurance that these policies and safeguards
are
sufficient to prevent the misappropriation of confidential information, that
the
policies and safeguards will be deemed compliant with any existing federal
or
state laws or regulations governing privacy, or with those laws or regulations
that may be adopted in the future. Also, in selling its loans OFS must ship
these files containing borrower’s confidential information. While in transit,
the files may be out of the control of OFS’s safeguarding measures. OFS can
still be held liable for access to this information while in
transit.
Failure
to renew or obtain adequate funding under warehouse repurchase agreements
may
harm OFS’s lending operations. OFS is currently dependent upon a number of
credit facilities for funding of its mortgage loan originations and
acquisitions. Any failure to renew or obtain adequate funding under these
financing arrangements for any reason, including OFS’s inability to meet the
covenants contained in such arrangements, could harm its lending operations
and
its overall performance.
OFS
has
credit exposure to representation and warranties with respect to loans OFS
sells
to the whole loan market. OFS has potential credit and liquidity exposure
for
loans that are the subject of fraud, irregularities in their loan files or
process, or that result in OFS’s breaching the representations and warranties in
the contract of sale. In addition, when OFS sells loans to the whole loan
market
OFS has exposure for loans that default, within certain timeframes. In these
cases, OFS may be obligated to repurchase loans at principal value plus accrued
interest and a pro-rata amount on any premium paid and any servicing released
premium along with any escrow shortage and out of pockets that the buyer
may
have incurred, which could result in a significant decline in OFS’s available
cash. When OFS purchases loans from a third party, through OFS’s Conduit
division, that OFS sells into the whole loan market or to a securitization
trust, OFS obtains representations and warranties from the counter-parties
that
sold the loans to OFS that generally parallel the representations and warranties
OFS provides to OFS’s purchasers. As a result, OFS believes they have the
potential for recourse against the seller of the loans. However, if the
representations and warranties are not parallel, or if the original seller
is
not in a financial position to be able to repurchase the loan, OFS may have
to
use cash resources to repurchase loans which could adversely affect OFS’s
liquidity.
64
Risks
associated with movements in interest rates:
Changes
in interest rates may harm OFS’s results of operations. OFS’s results of
operations are likely to be harmed during any period of unexpected or rapid
changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes could affect OFS in the
following ways:
§ |
a
substantial or sustained increase in interest rates could harm OFS’s
ability to originate or acquire mortgage loans in expected volumes,
which
could result in a decrease in OFS’s cash flow and in OFS’s ability to
support OFS’s fixed overhead expense
levels;
|
§ |
interest
rate fluctuations may harm OFS’s earnings as a result of potential changes
in the spread between the interest rates on OFS’s borrowings and the
interest rates on OFS’s mortgage assets;
|
§ |
mortgage
prepayment rates vary depending on such factors as mortgage interest
rates
and market conditions, and changes in anticipated prepayment rates
may
harm OFS’s earnings; and
|
§ |
when
OFS securitizes loans, the value of the residual interests OFS retains
and
the income OFS receives from them are based primarily on LIBOR, and
an
increase in LIBOR reduces the net income OFS receives from, and the
value
of, these residual interests.
|
Hedging
against interest rate exposure may adversely affect OFS’s earnings, which could
adversely affect cash available for distribution to Opteum’s stockholders. OFS
may enter into interest rate swap agreements or pursue other interest rate
hedging strategies.
OFS’s
hedging activity will vary in scope based on interest rates, the type of
mortgage assets held, and other changing market conditions. Interest rate
hedging may fail to protect or could adversely affect OFS because, among
other
things:
§ |
interest
rate hedging can be expensive, particularly during periods of rising
and
volatile interest rates;
|
§ |
hedging
instruments involve risk because they often are not traded on regulated
exchanges, guaranteed by an exchange or its clearing house, or regulated
by any U.S. or foreign governmental authorities; consequently, there
are
no requirements with respect to record keeping, financial responsibility
or segregation of customer funds and positions, and the enforceability
of
agreements underlying derivative transactions may depend on compliance
with applicable statutory, commodity and other regulatory
requirements;
|
§ |
available
interest rate hedging may not correspond directly with the interest
rate
risk for which protection is sought;
|
§ |
the
duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related liability
or asset;
|
§ |
the
credit quality of the party owing money on the hedge may be downgraded
to
such an extent that it impairs OFS’s ability to sell or assign OFS’s side
of the hedging transaction;
|
§ |
the
party owing money in the hedging transaction may default on its obligation
to pay, and a default by a party with whom OFS enters into a hedging
transaction may result in the loss of unrealized profits;
and
|
§ |
OFS
may not be able to dispose of or close out a hedging position without
the
consent of the hedging counterparty, and OFS may not be able to enter
into
an offsetting contract in order to cover OFS’s
risks.
|
When
interest rates rise, loans held for sale and any applications in process
with
locked-in rates decrease in value. To preserve the value of such fixed-rate
loans or applications in process with locked-in rates, agreements are executed
for mandatory loan sales to be settled at future dates with fixed prices.
These
sales take the form of forward sales of mortgage-backed securities.
When
interest rates decline, fallout may occur as a result of customers withdrawing
their applications. In such instances, OFS may be required to purchase back
these mandatory delivery agreements at current market prices, possibly incurring
losses upon settlement. OFS uses an interest rate hedging program to manage
these risks. Through this program, mortgage-backed securities are purchased
and
sold forward or options are acquired on treasury futures contracts.
65
Movements
in interest rates also impact the value of MSRs. When interest rates decline,
the loans underlying the MSRs are generally expected to prepay faster, which
reduces the market value of the MSRs. OFS considers the expected increase
in
loan origination volumes and the resulting additional origination related
income
as a natural hedge against the expected change in the value of MSRs. Lower
mortgage rates generally reduce the fair value of the MSRs, as increased
prepayment speeds are highly correlated with lower levels of mortgage interest
rates.
Risks
associated with OFS’s securitization strategy:
An
interruption or reduction in the securitization market or change in terms
offered by this market would hurt OFS’s financial position. OFS is dependent on
the securitization market for the sale of OFS’s loans and the securitization
market is dependent upon a number of factors, including general economic
conditions, conditions in the securities market generally and in the
asset-backed securities market specifically. Similarly, poor performance
of
OFS’s previously securitized loans could harm OFS’s access to the securitization
market.
Competition
in the securitization market may negatively affect OFS’s net income. Competition
in the business of sponsoring securitizations of the type OFS focuses on
is
increasing as Wall Street broker-dealers, other mortgage REITs, investment
management companies, and other financial institutions expand their activities
or enter this field. Increased competition could reduce OFS’s securitization
margins if OFS has to pay a higher price for the long-term funding of these
assets. To the extent that OFS’s securitization margins erode, OFS’s results of
operations will be negatively impacted.
Risks
associated with OFS’s retained interests in residuals and mortgage servicing
rights:
Geographic
concentration of mortgage loans OFS originate or purchase increases OFS’s
exposure to risks in those areas, especially in California, Georgia and Florida.
Over-concentration of loans OFS originates or purchases in any one geographic
area increases OFS’s exposure to the economic and natural hazard risks
associated with that area.
A
prolonged economic slowdown or a decline in the real estate market could
harm
OFS’s results of operations. A substantial portion of OFS’s mortgage assets
consist of single-family mortgage loans or mortgage
securities—available-for-sale evidencing interests in single-family mortgage
loans. Any sustained period of increased delinquencies, foreclosures or losses
could harm OFS’s ability to sell loans, the prices OFS receives for OFS’s loans,
the values of OFS’s mortgage loans held for sale or OFS’s residual interests in
securitizations.
Current
loan performance data may not be indicative of future results. When valuing
OFS’s retained interests in securitizations or mortgage servicing rights OFS
uses projections, estimates and assumptions based on OFS’s experience with
mortgage loans. Actual results and the timing of certain events could differ
materially in adverse ways from those projected, due to factors including
changes in general economic conditions, fluctuations in interest rates,
fluctuations in mortgage loan prepayment rates and fluctuations in losses
due to
defaults on mortgage loans.
The
value
of the retained interests in residuals and mortgage servicing rights are
both
sensitive to movements in interest rates, prepayment rates, the credit
performance of the underlying loans, and market conventions regarding discount
rates used to value such assets. The tables below provide results of sensitivity
analysis performed on the valuation of retained interests in residuals and
mortgage servicing rights. In each case, the underlying assumptions used
by OFS
to value these assets have been stressed to gauge the impact on carrying
value.
66
At
December 31, 2005, key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current
fair value of residual cash flows to the immediate 10 percent and 20 percent
adverse change in those assumptions are as follows:
Balance
Sheet Carrying value of retained interests - fair value
|
$
|
98,010,592
|
Weighted
average life (in years)
|
2.62
|
|
Prepayment
assumption (annual rate)
|
32.53%
|
|
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$
|
(7,817,000)
|
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$
|
(16,089,000)
|
Expected
Credit losses (annual rate)
|
0.61%
|
|
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$
|
(3,247,000)
|
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$
|
(6,419,000)
|
Residual
Cash-Flow Discount Rate
|
13.96%
|
|
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$
|
(3,804,000)
|
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$
|
(7,392,000)
|
Interest
rates on variable and adjustable loans and bonds
|
Forward
LIBOR Yield Curve
|
|
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$
|
(21,265,000)
|
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$
|
(34,365,000)
|
At
December 31, 2005, key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current
fair value of mortgage servicing rights cash flows to the immediate 10 percent
and 20 percent adverse change in those assumptions are as follows:
Prepayment
assumption (annual rate) (PSA)
|
254%
|
|
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$
|
(3,615,000)
|
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$
|
(6,936,000)
|
MSR
Cash-Flow Discount Rate
|
10.74%
|
|
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$
|
(4,856,000)
|
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$
|
(9,280,000)
|
ITEM
8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Index
to Financial Statements
Page
|
|
Management’s
Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
|
68
|
Reports
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
69
|
Consolidated
Balance Sheets at December 31, 2005 and 2004
|
72
|
Consolidated
Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2005, and
2004, and for the period from September 24, 2003 (inception) through
December 31, 2003 ber
|
73
|
Consolidated
Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31,
2005, and 2004, and for the period from September 24, 2003 (inception)
through December 31, 2003
|
74
|
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2005, and
2004 , and for the period from September 24, 2003 (inception) through
December 31, 2003
|
75
|
Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
77
|
67
Management’s
Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management
of Opteum Inc. (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in
Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control
over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures
that:
(i)
|
pertain
to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately
and
fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets
of the
Company;
|
(ii)
|
provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary
to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally
accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the
Company
are being made only in accordance with authorization of management
and
directors of the Company; and
|
(iii)
|
provide
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that
could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
|
Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may
not
prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may
become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management
assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2005. Management’s assessment on internal
controls did not include the internal controls of Opteum Financial Services,
LLC
which is included in the 2005 consolidated financial statements of the Company
and constituted $1.1 billion and $49.9 million of total and net assets, as
of
December 31, 2005 and $3.4 million and $(6.6) million of total revenues and
net
income for the year then ended. Management did not assess the effectiveness
of
internal control over financial reporting at this entity because the Company
did
not have the ability to conduct an assessment of the acquired entity’s internal
controls over financial reporting during the time period from November 3,
2005,
date of acquisition, through December 31, 2005, date of management’s assessment.
In making its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control, management
used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations
of the
Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based
on
our assessment and those criteria, management believes that the Company
maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2005.
The
Company’s independent auditors have issued an attestation report on management’s
assessment of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The
report is included herein.
68
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board
of
Directors and Stockholders
Opteum
Inc. (formerly
known as Bimini Mortgage Management, Inc.)
We
have
audited management’s assessment, included in the accompanying Management’s
Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, that Opteum Inc. (formerly
known as Bimini Mortgage Management, Inc.) maintained effective internal
control
over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, based on criteria established
in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria).
Opteum
Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over
financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal
control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion
on
management’s assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s
internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that
we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective
internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control
over
financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating
the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing
such
other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe
that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A
company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over
financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain
to
the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2)
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary
to
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company
are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors
of
the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or
timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s
assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may
not
prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may
become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance
with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
As
indicated in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over
Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include
the
internal controls of Opteum Financial Services, LLC, which is included in
the
2005 consolidated financial statements of Opteum Inc., and constituted $1.1
billion and $49.9 million of total and net assets, respectively, as of December
31, 2005 and $3.4 million and $(6.6) million of net revenues and net income,
respectively, for the year then ended. Our audit of internal control over
financial reporting of Opteum Inc. also did not include an evaluation of
the
internal control over financial reporting of Opteum Financial Services,
LLC.
In
our
opinion, management’s assessment that Opteum Inc. maintained effective internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, is fairly stated,
in
all material respects, based on the COSO criteria. Also, in our opinion,
Opteum
Inc., maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, based on the
COSO
criteria.
We
have
also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets as of
December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the related consolidated statements of
operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for the each of the two
years
in the period ended December 31, 2005 and for the period from September 24,
2003 (date of inception) through December 31, 2003 of Opteum Inc. and our
report dated March 1, 2006 expressed an unqualified opinion
thereon.
/s/
Ernst
& Young LLP
Certified
Public Accountants
Miami,
FL
March
1,
2006
69
Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Board
of
Directors and Stockholders
Opteum Inc.
(formerly known as Bimini Mortgage Management, Inc.)
We
have
audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Opteum Inc. (the
Company) (formerly known as Bimini Mortgage Management, Inc.) as of
December 31, 2005 and 2004, and the related consolidated statements of
operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the two years
in
the period ended December 31, 2005 and for the period from September 24,
2003 (date of inception) through December 31, 2003. These financial statements
are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is
to
express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We
did not
audit the financial statements of Opteum Financial Services, LLC and
subsidiaries, a wholly owned subsidiary, which statements reflect total assets
of $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2005 and total net revenues of $3.4 million
for the year then ended. Those statements were audited by other auditors
whose
report has been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to
the
amounts of Opteum Financial Services, LLC and subsidiaries, is based solely
on
the report of other auditors.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that
we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining,
on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used
and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits and the report
of
other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In
our
opinion, based on our audits and the report of other auditors, the financial
statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the
consolidated financial position of Opteum Inc. as of December 31, 2005
and 2004, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each
of
the two years in the period ended December 31, 2005 and for the period from
September 24, 3003 (date of inception) through December 31, 2003, in conformity
with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We
also
have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of Opteum Inc.’s internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2005, based on criteria
established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee
of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated
March
1, 2006 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/
Ernst & Young LLP
Certified
Public Accountants
|
|||
Miami,
Florida
March
1,
2006
70
OPTEUM
INC.
|
||||
CONSOLIDATED
BALANCE SHEETS
|
||||
December
31,
|
||||
2005
|
2004
|
|||
ASSETS
|
||||
MORTGAGE-BACKED
SECURITIES:
|
||||
Pledged
to counterparties, at fair value
|
$
|
3,493,490,046
|
$
|
2,901,158,559
|
Unpledged,
at fair value
|
539,313
|
72,074,338
|
||
TOTAL
MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES
|
3,494,029,359
|
2,973,232,897
|
||
CASH
AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
|
130,510,948
|
128,942,436
|
||
RESTRICTED
CASH
|
2,310,000
|
8,662,000
|
||
MORTGAGE
LOANS HELD FOR SALE, NET
|
894,237,630
|
-
|
||
RETAINED
INTERESTS, TRADING
|
98,010,592
|
-
|
||
SECURITIES
HELD FOR SALE
|
2,782,548
|
-
|
||
MORTGAGE
SERVICING RIGHTS, NET
|
86,081,594
|
-
|
||
RECEIVABLES,
NET
|
24,512,118
|
-
|
||
PRINCIPAL
PAYMENTS RECEIVABLE
|
21,497,365
|
3,419,199
|
||
ACCRUED
INTEREST RECEIVABLE
|
15,740,475
|
11,377,807
|
||
PROPERTY
AND EQUIPMENT, NET
|
16,067,170
|
2,050,923
|
||
PREPAIDS
AND OTHER ASSETS
|
19,321,766
|
732,469
|
||
$
|
4,805,101,565
|
$
|
3,128,417,731
|
|
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
|
||||
LIABILITIES:
|
||||
Repurchase
agreements
|
$
|
3,337,598,362
|
$
|
2,771,162,957
|
Warehouse
lines of credit and drafts payable
|
873,741,429
|
-
|
||
Other
secured borrowings
|
104,886,339
|
-
|
||
Junior
subordinated notes due to Bimini Capital Trust I & II
|
103,097,000
|
-
|
||
Accrued
interest payable
|
30,232,719
|
7,980,829
|
||
Unsettled
security purchases
|
58,278,701
|
65,765,630
|
||
Deferred
tax liability
|
18,360,679
|
-
|
||
Accounts
payable, accrued expenses and other
|
26,417,996
|
545,988
|
||
TOTAL
LIABILITIES
|
4,552,613,225
|
2,845,455,404
|
||
COMMITMENTS
AND CONTINGENCIES
|
||||
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY:
|
||||
Preferred
stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; designated,
1,800,000 shares as Class A Redeemable and 2,000,000 shares as
Class B
Redeemable; shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2005,
1,223,208
Class A Redeemable and no Class B Redeemable; no shares issued
and
outstanding at December 31, 2004
|
1,223
|
-
|
||
Class
A common stock, $0.001 par value; 98,000,000 shares designated;
24,129,042
shares issued and 23,567,242 shares outstanding at December 31,
2005,
20,368,915 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,
2004
|
24,129
|
20,369
|
||
Class
B common stock, $0.001 par value; 1,000,000 shares designated,
319,388
shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2005 and
2004
|
319
|
319
|
||
Class
C common stock, $0.001 par value; 1,000,000 shares designated,
319,388
shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2005 and
2004
|
319
|
319
|
||
Additional
paid-in capital
|
342,230,342
|
285,174,651
|
||
Accumulated
other comprehensive loss
|
(76,494,378)
|
(1,155,771)
|
||
Accumulated
deficit
|
(8,037,260)
|
(1,077,560)
|
||
Treasury
Stock; 561,800 shares of Class A common stock, at cost
|
(5,236,354)
|
-
|
||
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
|
252,488,340
|
282,962,327
|
||
$
|
4,805,101,565
|
$
|
3,128,417,731
|
|
See
notes to consolidated financial
statements.
|
71
OPTEUM
INC.
|
||||||
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
|
||||||
September
24, 2003
|
||||||
Year
Ended December 31,
|
(inception)
through
|
|||||
2005
|
2004
|
December
31, 2003
|
||||
Interest
income, net of amortization of premium and discount
|
$
|
160,640,830
|
$
|
49,633,548
|
$
|
71,480
|
Interest
expense
|
(123,658,728)
|
(22,634,919)
|
(20,086)
|
|||
NET
INTEREST INCOME
|
36,982,102
|
26,998,629
|
51,394
|
|||
OTHER
INCOME
|
824,894
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Servicing
fee income
|
3,922,654
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Amortization
of mortgage servicing rights
|
(2,429,759)
|
-
|
-
|
|||
NET
SERVICING INCOME
|
1,492,895
|
-
|
-
|
|||
GAINS
ON SALES OF MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES
|
1,993,457
|
95,547
|
-
|
|||
TOTAL
NET REVENUES
|
41,293,348
|
27,094,176
|
51,394
|
|||
DIRECT
OPERATING EXPENSES
|
994,784
|
730,903
|
45,482
|
|||
GENERAL
AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES:
|
||||||
Compensation
and related benefits
|
10,986,059
|
2,497,600
|
35,964
|
|||
Directors'
fees
|
357,843
|
174,384
|
-
|
|||
Directors'
liability insurance
|
283,134
|
176,265
|
-
|
|||
Audit,
legal and other professional fees
|
1,136,204
|
329,514
|
85,340
|
|||
Other
interest expense
|
1,093,054
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Occupancy
and related expenses
|
1,038,401
|
62,232
|
13,675
|
|||
Other
administrative expenses
|
5,341,198
|
266,368
|
138,100
|
|||
TOTAL
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
|
20,235,893
|
3,506,363
|
273,079
|
|||
INCOME
(LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES
|
20,062,671
|
22,856,910
|
(267,167)
|
|||
INCOME
TAX BENEFIT
|
4,220,000
|
-
|
-
|
|||
NET
INCOME (LOSS)
|
$
|
24,282,671
|
$
|
22,856,910
|
$
|
(267,167)
|
BASIC
AND DILUTED NET INCOME (LOSS)
|
||||||
PER
CLASS A COMMON SHARE
|
$
|
1.12
|
$
|
1.97
|
$
|
(0.54)
|
BASIC
AND DILUTED NET INCOME PER CLASS B COMMON SHARE
|
$
|
1.16
|
$
|
2.05
|
$
|
-
|
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE NUMBER OF CLASS A COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING USED IN COMPUTING
BASIC AND DILUTED PER SHARE AMOUNTS
|
21,421,501
|
11,452,258
|
497,859
|
|||
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE NUMBER OF CLASS B COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING USED IN COMPUTING
BASIC AND DILUTED PER SHARE AMOUNTS
|
319,388
|
159,694
|
-
|
|||
CASH
DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER:
|
||||||
CLASS
A COMMON SHARE
|
$
|
1.45
|
$
|
1.97
|
$
|
-
|
CLASS
B COMMON SHARE
|
$
|
1.45
|
$
|
1.06
|
$
|
-
|
See
notes to consolidated financial
statements.
|
72
73
OPTEUM
INC.
|
||||||
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
|
||||||
September
24, 2003
|
||||||
Year
Ended December 31,
|
(inception)
through
|
|||||
2005
|
2004
|
December
31, 2003
|
||||
CASH
FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
||||||
Net
income (loss)
|
$
|
24,282,671
|
$
|
22,856,910
|
$
|
(267,167)
|
Adjustments
to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in)
operating
activities:
|
||||||
Amortization
of premium and discount on mortgage backed securities
|
17,370,738
|
21,391,807
|
-
|
|||
Residual
interest in asset backed securities
|
(3,399,370)
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Originated
mortgage servicing rights
|
998,183
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Decrease
in mortgage loans held for sale
|
292,361,817
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Stock
compensation
|
2,487,975
|
920,142
|
1,209
|
|||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
842,113
|
26,886
|
5,452
|
|||
Deferred
income tax benefit
|
(4,220,000)
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Gain
on sales of mortgage-backed securities
|
(1,993,457)
|
(95,547)
|
-
|
|||
Changes
in operating assets and liabilities:
|
||||||
Receivables
|
4,993,820
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Accrued
interest receivable
|
(4,362,666)
|
(11,306,327)
|
(71,480)
|
|||
Prepaids
and other assets
|
3,427,374
|
(711,221)
|
(21,248)
|
|||
Accrued
interest payable
|
22,251,890
|
7,960,743
|
20,086
|
|||
Accounts
payable, accrued expenses and other
|
(2,770,309)
|
436,589
|
109,399
|
|||
NET
CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES
|
352,270,779
|
41,479,982
|
(223,749)
|
|||
CASH
FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
||||||
From
available-for-sale securities:
|
||||||
Purchases
|
(2,307,378,255)
|
(3,409,261,768)
|
(226,719,139)
|
|||
Sales
|
240,735,761
|
360,124,493
|
-
|
|||
Principal
repayments
|
1,429,565,048
|
342,517,917
|
-
|
|||
Cash
acquired in OFS acquisition, net of costs
|
1,651,892
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Purchases
of property and equipment
|
(4,671,698)
|
(1,988,721)
|
(94,540)
|
|||
NET
CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES
|
(640,097,252)
|
(2,708,608,079)
|
(226,813,679)
|
|||
CASH
FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
||||||
Decrease
(increase) in restricted cash
|
6,352,000
|
(8,662,000)
|
-
|
|||
Net
borrowings under repurchase agreements
|
566,435,405
|
2,582,321,957
|
188,841,000
|
|||
Decrease
in warehouse lines of credit, drafts payable and other secured
borrowings
|
(279,086,207)
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Net
proceeds from trust preferred securities offerings
|
100,030,956
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Stock
issuance costs
|
(148,895)
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Related
party debt repaid immediately following acquisition
|
(18,333,000)
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Third
party debt repaid immediately following acquisition
|
(50,223,536)
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Proceeds
from sales of common stock, net of issuance costs
|
-
|
227,673,749
|
56,600,558
|
|||
Purchase
of Treasury Stock
|
(5,236,354)
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Cash
dividends paid
|
(31,242,371)
|
(23,667,303)
|
-
|
|||
Decrease
in securities held for sale
|
846,987
|
-
|
-
|
|||
NET
CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES
|
289,394,985
|
2,777,666,403
|
245,441,558
|
|||
NET
CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
|
1,568,512
|
110,538,306
|
18,404,130
|
|||
CASH
AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, Beginning of the period
|
128,942,436
|
18,404,130
|
-
|
|||
CASH
AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, End of the period
|
$
|
$
130,510,948
|
$
|
128,942,436
|
$
|
18,404,130
|
See
note to consolidated financial
statements.
|
74
OPTEUM
INC.
|
||||||
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CON'T)
|
||||||
September
24, 2003
|
||||||
Year
Ended December 31,
|
(inception)
through
|
|||||
2005
|
2004
|
December
31, 2003
|
||||
SUPPLEMENTAL
DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
|
||||||
Cash
paid during the period for interest
|
$
|
101,406,838
|
$
|
14,197,204
|
$
|
-
|
SUPPLEMENTAL
SCHEDULE OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
||||||
Unsettled
security purchases
|
$
|
58,278,701
|
$
|
65,765,630
|
$
|
-
|
OFS
acquisition:
|
||||||
Fair
value of assets acquired:
|
||||||
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$
|
3,431,736
|
||||
Loans
held for sale
|
1,186,599,447
|
|||||
Retained
interests, trading
|
94,611,222
|
|||||
Mortgage
servicing rights, net
|
87,079,777
|
|||||
Fixed
assets
|
9,919,100
|
|||||
Goodwill
|
2,107,130
|
|||||
Identifiable
intangibles
|
4,042,617
|
|||||
Other
assets
|
46,203,917
|
|||||
Total
|
1,433,994,946
|
|||||
Fair
value of liabilities assumed:
|
||||||
Deferred
income tax liability
|
(22,580,679)
|
|||||
Other
liabilities
|
(1,354,912,827)
|
|||||
Issuance
of 1,223,208 shares of Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock and 3,717,242
shares of Class A Common Stock, inclusive of cash paid of
$1,779,846
|
$
|
56,501,440
|
||||
See
notes to consolidated financial
statements.
|
75
OPTEUM INC.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER
31, 2005
NOTE
1. ORGANIZATION
AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization
and Business Description
Opteum
Inc. (Opteum), formerly “Bimini Mortgage Management, Inc.”, was incorporated in
Maryland on September 24, 2003, and it commenced its planned business
activities on December 19, 2003, the date of the initial closing of a
private issuance of its common stock.
On
February 6, 2006, Opteum, announced that its board of directors voted
unanimously to change its name from Bimini Mortgage Management, Inc. to Opteum
Inc. On February 10, 2006, the corporate name change was effective and its
NYSE,
ticker symbol was changed from “BMM” to “OPX.” The corporate name change
leverages the brand identity of Opteum Financial Services, LLC (OFS), and
further enhances the integration of Opteum and the associates of OFS. One
company and one national brand now represent a unified image to investors,
customers and associates.
As
used
in this document, the parent company, the registrant, “Opteum” and discussions
related to REIT qualifying activities or the general management of Opteum’s
portfolio of mortgage backed securities (MBS) refers to “Opteum Inc.” Further,
as used in this document, “OFS”, our taxable REIT subsidiary (TRS) or our non
REIT eligible assets refer to Opteum Financial Services, LLC. Discussions
relating to the “Company” refer to the consolidated entity (the combination of
“Opteum” and our TRS “OFS”). The assets and activities that are not REIT
eligible, such as mortgage origination, acquisition and servicing activities,
are conducted by OFS.
Opteum
Inc. was formed to invest primarily in, but not limited to, residential mortgage
related securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (more
commonly known as Fannie Mae), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
(more
commonly known as Freddie Mac) and the Government National Mortgage Association
(more commonly known as Ginnie Mae).
Opteum
has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under
the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In order to maintain its
REIT qualification, Opteum must comply with a number of requirements under
federal tax law, including that it must distribute at least 90% of its annual
REIT taxable income to its stockholders, subject to certain adjustments.
Merger
Agreement
On
September 29, 2005, Opteum executed a definitive merger agreement with OFS,
a
privately held home mortgage lender headquartered in Paramus, New Jersey.
OFS
has 1,066 associates operating out of 34 offices and lending in 44 states.
The
transaction, in which OFS became a wholly-owned TRS of Opteum, closed on
November 3, 2005 (see Note 2).
Under
the
terms of the merger agreement, Opteum issued 3,717,242 shares of Class A
Common
Stock and 1,223,208 shares of Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock to the
stockholders of OFS in exchange for 100% of the stock of OFS. The shares
of
Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock will be convertible into Class A Common
Stock of Opteum, on a one-for-one basis, if Opteum’s stockholders eligible to
vote approve the conversion at a future stockholder meeting. Opteum also
agreed
to pay the OFS stockholders a contingent earn-out of up to $17.5 million
over
the next five years payable in cash, or under certain circumstances, shares
of
Class B Redeemable Preferred Stock, based on the achievement by OFS of
certain specific financial objectives. The three most senior executives of
OFS
entered into long-term employment contracts upon completion of the
merger.
76
Basis
of Presentation and Use of Estimates
The
accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared on the accrual
basis
of accounting in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles
("GAAP"). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts
of
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ
from those estimates. Significant estimates affecting the accompanying financial
statements include the fair values of mortgage-backed securities, the prepayment
speeds used to calculate amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts
on
mortgage-backed securities, deferred tax asset valuation, valuation allowance
on
mortgage loans held for sale, valuation of derivative financial instruments
and
fair value of mortgage servicing rights.
The
accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Opteum
and its wholly-owned subsidiary, OFS, as well the wholly-owned and majority
owned subsidiaries of OFS. Opteum uses the equity method to account for
investments for which it has the ability to exercise significant influence
over
operating and financial policies. As further described in Note 11, Opteum
has an
investment in two trusts used to complete the issuance of Opteum’s junior
subordinated notes. Pursuant to the accounting guidance provided in FASB
Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 46, “Consolidation
of Variable Interest Entities,”
Opteum’s common shares investment in the trusts are not consolidated in the
financial statements of Opteum, and accordingly, these investments are accounted
for on the equity method. Consolidated net earnings of Opteum include Opteum’s
share of the net earnings (losses) of these companies, if any. All material
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated from the
consolidated financial statements.
Cash
and Cash Equivalents
Cash
and
cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly liquid investments with
original maturities of three months or less. The carrying amount of cash
equivalents approximates its fair value at December 31, 2005 and 2004.
Restricted
cash represents cash held on deposit as collateral with certain repurchase
agreement counter-parties (i.e. lenders). Such amounts may be used to make
principal and interest payments on the related repurchase
agreements.
Valuation
of Mortgage Backed Securities
In
accordance with GAAP, Opteum classifies its investments in mortgage backed
securities as either trading investments, available-for-sale investments
or
held-to-maturity investments. Management determines the appropriate
classification of the securities at the time they are acquired and evaluates
the
appropriateness of such classifications at each balance sheet date. Although
Opteum intends to hold its mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) until maturity, it
may, from time to time, sell any of its mortgage-backed securities as part
of
the overall management of the business. Opteum currently classifies all of
its
securities as available-for-sale, and assets so classified are carried on
the
balance sheet at fair value, and unrealized gains or losses arising from
changes
in market values are reported as other comprehensive income or loss as a
component of stockholders' equity. Other than temporary impairment losses,
if
any, are reported in earnings.
When
the
fair value of an available for sale security is less than amortized cost,
management considers whether there is an other-than-temporary impairment
in the
value of the security. The decision is based on the credit quality
of the issue (agency versus non-agency, and for non-agency, the credit
performance of the underlying collateral), the security prepayment speeds
and
the length of time the security has been in an unrealized loss position.
At
December 31, 2005, Opteum did not hold any non-agency securities in its
portfolio. If, in management's judgment, an other-than-temporary impairment
exists, the cost basis of the security is written down in the period to the
then-current fair value, and the unrealized loss is transferred from accumulated
other comprehensive income as an immediate reduction of current earnings
(i.e.,
as if the loss had been realized in the period of impairment).
77
Mortgage
Loans Held for Sale
Mortgage
loans held for sale represent mortgage loans originated and held pending
sale to
investors. The mortgages are carried at the lower of cost or market as
determined by outstanding commitments from investors or current investor
yield
requirements calculated on the aggregate loan basis. Deferred net fees or
costs
are not amortized during the period the loans are held for sale, but are
recognized when the loan is sold. OFS generally sells or securitizes loans
with
servicing rights retained. These transfers of financial assets are accounted
as
sales for financial reporting purposes when control over the assets has been
surrendered. Control over transferred assets is surrendered when: the assets
have been isolated from OFS; the investor obtains the right, free of conditions
that constrain it from taking advantage of that right, to pledge or exchange
the
transferred assets: and OFS does not maintain effective control over the
transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their
maturity. These transactions are treated as sales in accordance with SFAS
No.
140 Accounting
for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of
Liabilities.
Gains
or losses on such sales, are recognized at the time legal title transfers
to the
investor, are based upon the difference between the sales proceeds from the
final investor and the allocated basis of the loan sold, adjusted for net
deferred loan fees and certain direct costs and selling costs.
Valuation
Allowance
A
valuation allowance is recorded to adjust mortgage loans held for sale to
the
lower of cost or market.
Retained
Interest, Trading
OFS
uses
warehouse loan arrangements to finance the origination and purchase of pools
of
principally fixed and adjustable-rate residential first mortgage loans (the
“Mortgage Loans”). Subsequent to their origination or purchase, OFS either sells
these loans to third party institutional investors through bulk sale
arrangements, or through securitization transactions. OFS generally makes
several representations and warranties regarding the performance of the Mortgage
Loans in connection with each sale or securitization. OFS accumulates the
desired amount of Mortgage Loans, and securitizes them in order to create
marketable securities.
OFS,
pursuant to a purchase and sale agreement, transfers the Mortgage Loans to
Opteum Mortgage Acceptance Corp. (OPMAC), a wholly-owned special purpose
entity
set-up for the execution of these securitizations.
OPMAC
then sells the Mortgage Loans to an institutional third party to serve as
Depositor, pursuant to a Mortgage Loan Purchase and Servicing Agreement
(“P&S Agreement”). Under this P&S Agreement, OFS makes general
representations and warranties for Mortgage Loans sold by OFS.
The
Depositor then deposits the Mortgage Loans into a Real Estate Mortgage
Investment Conduit trust (the “REMIC”) where the rights to such Mortgage Loans
are pooled and converted into marketable debt securities pursuant to the
P&S
Agreement. These securities, issued by the REMIC, are divided into different
classes of certificates (the “Certificates”) with varying claims to payments
received on the Mortgage Loans. These Certificates are transferred to the
depositor in exchange for all of its rights in the Mortgage Loans deposited
into
the REMIC.
Certain
Certificates are rated by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) and
Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”). In all of the securitizations, all of the
senior certificate classes were rated “AAA” by S&P, and “Aaa” by Moody’s,
respectively. In addition, most of the mezzanine classes of certificates,
starting with Class M-1 through the lowest respective subordinate class for
each
offering, with each lower numerical class designation being subordinated
to the
previous designation (the “Mezzanine Certificates”), were each given investment
grade ratings. The subordinate classes not given an investment grade rating
were
sold through a Private Placement Offering Memorandum. Certain of these
Certificates are offered to the public (the “Public Certificates”) pursuant to a
prospectus. These Public Certificates are sold to underwriters on the closing
date pursuant to an underwriting agreement. The proceeds from the sale of
the
Public Certificates to the underwriters (less an underwriting discount) and
the
remaining non-publicly offered Certificates are transferred to OFS as
consideration for the Mortgage Loans sold to the depositor pursuant to the
P&S Agreement.
Finally,
OFS transfers the proceeds from the sale of the Public Certificates and the
non-publicly offered Certificates representing the residual interest in the
REMIC to OPMAC pursuant to the Purchase and Sale Agreement. The additional
non-publicly offered Certificates, representing prepayment penalties and
overcollateralization fundings (the “Underlying Certificates”) are held by OPMAC
in anticipation of a net interest margin (“NIM”) securitization. Subsequent to a
securitization transaction as described above, OFS executes an additional
securitization or “resecuritization” of the Underlying Certificates being held
by OPMAC. This NIM securitization is typically transacted as follows:
OPMAC
deposits the Underlying Certificates into a trust (the “NIM Trust”) pursuant to
a deposit trust agreement. The NIM Trust is a Delaware statutory trust. The
NIM
Trust, pursuant to an indenture, issues (i) notes (the “NIM Notes”) representing
interests in the Underlying Certificates and (ii) an owner trust certificate
(the “Trust Certificate”) representing the residual interest in the NIM trust.
The NIM Notes were sold to third parties via private placement transactions,
and
the Trust Certificate is transferred from OPMAC to OFS in consideration for
the
deposit of the Underlying Certificates.
78
Securities
Held for Sale
Securities
held for sale are recorded as of the date of purchase or sale at fair value.
Changes in fair value subsequent to the purchase date are reflected in earnings
as gains and losses from investments. Realized gains and losses are determined
on a specific identified basis cost basis.
Mortgage
Servicing Rights
OFS
recognizes mortgage serving rights (“MSR”) as an asset when separated from the
underlying mortgage loans, upon the sale of the loans. Upon sale of a loan,
OFS
measures the retained MSRs by allocating the total cost of originating a
mortgage loan between the loan and the servicing right based on their relative
fair values. Fair value is estimated based on expected cash flows considering
market prepayment estimates, historical prepayment rates, portfolio
characteristics, interest rates, and other economic factors. Gains or losses
on
the sale of MSRs are recognized when title and all risks and rewards have
irrevocably passed to the buyer and there are no significant unresolved
contingencies. MSRs are carried at the lower of cost, less accumulated
amortization, or fair value. MSRs are amortized in proportion to, and over
the
period of, the estimated future net servicing income. Such amortization,
which
is recorded as a reduction of net servicing revenue in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements, was $2.4 million during the year ended
December 31, 2005.
For
purposes of performing its quarterly impairment evaluation, OFS stratifies
its
portfolio primarily on the basis of interest rates of the underlying mortgage
loans and the type of product associated with the MSRs. OFS measures impairment
for each stratum by comparing estimated fair value to the carrying amount.
For
the period ended December 31, 2005 there was no such impairment which would
have
been recorded as a reduction of net servicing revenue.
Property
and Equipment, net
Property
and equipment, net, consisting primarily of computer equipment, office
furniture, land and building, is recorded at acquisition cost and depreciated
using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.
Asset lives range from five years for computer equipment to thirty years
for the
building. Property and equipment at December 31, 2005 and 2004 is net of
accumulated depreciation of $606,889 and $32,338, respectively. Depreciation
expense for the year ended December 31, 2005 was $574,551. Depreciation
expense for the year ended December 31, 2004 was $26,886 and it was $5,452
for
the period from inception through December 31, 2003.
Goodwill
and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
represents the excess of the purchase price of Opteum’s acquisition over the
fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. Contingent
consideration paid in subsequent periods under the terms of the purchase
agreement, if any, would be considered acquisition costs and classified as
goodwill. Goodwill was $2.1 million as of December 31, 2005.
In
accordance with SFAS No. 142, Goodwill
and Other Intangible Assets, Opteum
will subject its goodwill to at least an annual assessment for impairment
by
applying a fair value-based test. If the carrying value exceeds the fair
value,
goodwill is impaired. There was no impairment of goodwill as of December
31,
2005.
Derivative
Assets and Derivative Liabilities
Opteum
Financial Service’s mortgage committed pipeline includes interest rate lock
commitments (“IRLCs”) that have been extended to borrowers who have applied for
loan funding and meet certain defined credit and underwriting criteria.
Effective with the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
(“SFAS”) No. 133, Accounting
for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,
as
amended, OFS classifies and accounts for the IRLCs as freestanding derivatives.
Accordingly, IRLCs are recorded at their fair value with changes in fair
value
recorded to current earnings. OFS uses other derivative instruments to
economically hedge the IRLCs, which are also classified and accounted for
as
freestanding derivatives.
OFS’s
risk management objective for its mortgage loans held for sale includes use
of
mortgage forward delivery contracts designed as fair value derivative
instruments to protect earnings from an unexpected change due to a decline
in
value. Effective with the adoption of SFAS No. 133, OFS mortgage forward
delivery contracts are recorded at their fair value with changes in fair
value
recorded to current earnings.
IRLCs
and
derivative assets or liabilities arising from OFS’s derivative activities are
included in either receivables or accounts payable and accrued liabilities
in
the accompanying consolidated financial statements. OFS also evaluates its
contractual arrangements, assets and liabilities for the existence of embedded
derivatives.
79
Repurchase
Agreements
Opteum
finances the acquisition of its MBS through the use of repurchase agreements.
Under these repurchase agreements, Opteum transfers securities to a lender
and
agrees to repurchase the same securities in the future for a price that is
higher than the original sales price. The difference between the sale price
that
Opteum receives and the repurchase price that Opteum pays represents interest
paid to the lender. Although structured as a sale and repurchase obligation,
a
repurchase agreement operates as a financing under which Opteum pledges its
securities as collateral to secure a loan which is equal in value to a specified
percentage of the estimated fair value of the pledged collateral. Opteum
retains
beneficial ownership of the pledged collateral. At the maturity of a repurchase
agreement, Opteum is required to repay the loan and concurrently receives
back
its pledged collateral from the lender or, with the consent of the lender,
Opteum may renew such agreement at the then prevailing financing rate. These
repurchase agreements may require Opteum to pledge additional assets to the
lender in the event the estimated fair value of the existing pledged collateral
declines. As of December 31, 2005 and 2004, Opteum did not have any margin
calls on its repurchase agreements that it was not able to satisfy with either
cash or additional pledged collateral.
Original
terms to maturity of Opteum's repurchase agreements generally range from
one
month to 36 months; however, Opteum is not precluded from entering into
repurchase agreements with longer maturities. Should a counter-party decide
not
to renew a repurchase agreement at maturity, Opteum must either refinance
elsewhere or be in a position to satisfy this obligation. If, during the
term of
a repurchase agreement, a lender should file for bankruptcy, Opteum might
experience difficulty recovering its pledged assets and may have an unsecured
claim against the lender's assets for the difference between the amount loaned
to Opteum and the estimated fair value of the collateral pledged to such
lender.
At December 31, 2005, Opteum had amounts outstanding under repurchase
agreements with fourteen separate lenders with a maximum net exposure (the
difference between the amount loaned to Opteum and the estimated fair value
of
the security pledged by Opteum as collateral) to any single lender of
approximately $27.0 million. At December 31, 2004, Opteum had amounts
outstanding under repurchase agreements with twelve separate lenders with
a
maximum net exposure to any single lender of approximately $29.0 million.
During
2005, Opteum entered into contracts and paid commitment fees to three lenders
providing for an aggregate of $1.85 billion in committed repurchase lines
at
pre-determined borrowing rates and haircuts for a 364 day period following
the
commencement date of each contract. Opteum has no obligation to utilize these
repurchase lines.
At
December 31, 2005, Opteum's repurchase agreements had the following
counter-parties, amounts at risk and weighted average remaining maturities:
Repurchase
Agreement Counter-parties
|
Amount
Outstanding
($000)
|
Amount
at
Risk(1)
($000)
|
Weighted
Average
Maturity
of
Repurchase
Agreements
in
Days
|
Percent
of
Total
Amount
Outstanding
|
||
Deutsche
Bank Securities, Inc.
|
$
|
894,748
|
$
|
12,018
|
135
|
26.81%
|
Nomura
Securities International, Inc.
|
623,631
|
27,010
|
122
|
18.69
|
||
Cantor
Fitzgerald
|
467,638
|
15,958
|
70
|
14.01
|
||
Washington
Mutual
|
375,345
|
11,630
|
7
|
11.25
|
||
Goldman
Sachs
|
207,525
|
7,438
|
44
|
6.22
|
||
Bear
Stearns & Co. Inc.
|
167,610
|
6,096
|
157
|
5.02
|
||
UBS
Investment Bank, LLC
|
158,781
|
5,059
|
93
|
4.76
|
||
Merrill
Lynch
|
128,119
|
(7,949)
|
96
|
3.84
|
||
JP
Morgan Securities
|
115,807
|
1,652
|
151
|
3.47
|
||
Morgan
Stanley
|
73,505
|
1,767
|
26
|
2.20
|
||
Lehman
Brothers
|
62,643
|
2,399
|
87
|
1.88
|
||
Countrywide
Securities Corp
|
22,930
|
1,238
|
86
|
0.69
|
||
Daiwa
Securities America Inc.
|
19,732
|
39
|
188
|
0.58
|
||
Bank
of America Securities, LLC
|
19,584
|
815
|
27
|
0.58
|
||
Total
|
$
|
3,337,598
|
$
|
85,170
|
100.00%
|
(1) Equal
to
the fair value of securities sold, plus accrued interest income, minus the
sum
of repurchase agreement liabilities, plus accrued interest expense.
80
At
December 31, 2004, Opteum's repurchase agreements had the following
counter-parties, amounts at risk and weighted average remaining maturities:
Repurchase
Agreement Counter-parties
|
Amount
Outstanding
($000)
|
Amount
at
Risk(1)
($000)
|
Weighted
Average
Maturity
of
Repurchase
Agreements
in
Days
|
Percent
of
Total
Amount
Outstanding
|
||
UBS
Investment Bank, LLC
|
$
|
512,697
|
$
|
29,005
|
64
|
18.5%
|
Nomura
Securities International, Inc.
|
463,901
|
26,083
|
99
|
16.7
|
||
Bank
of America Securities, LLC
|
309,270
|
18,079
|
66
|
11.2
|
||
Deutsche
Bank Securities, Inc.
|
308,645
|
16,246
|
227
|
11.1
|
||
Lehman
Brothers
|
257,191
|
8,793
|
81
|
9.3
|
||
Bear
Stearns & Co. Inc.
|
255,229
|
14,068
|
127
|
9.2
|
||
Countrywide
Securities Corp
|
178,574
|
8,447
|
43
|
6.4
|
||
Morgan
Stanley
|
119,659
|
352
|
65
|
4.3
|
||
Daiwa
Securities America Inc
|
114,436
|
5,287
|
67
|
4.2
|
||
Goldman
Sachs
|
107,822
|
1,706
|
37
|
3.9
|
||
Merrill
Lynch
|
83,561
|
2,268
|
172
|
3.0
|
||
JP
Morgan Securities
|
60,178
|
3,152
|
37
|
2.2
|
||
Total
|
$
|
2,771,163
|
$
|
133,486
|
100.0%
|
(1) Equal
to
the fair value of securities sold, plus accrued interest income, minus the
sum
of repurchase agreement liabilities, plus accrued interest expense.
Interest
Income Recognition on MBS
Securities
are recorded on the date the securities are purchased or sold, which is
generally the trade date. Realized gains or losses from securities transactions
are determined based on the specific identified cost of the securities. Interest
income is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount of the securities
and their stated contractual terms. Premiums and discounts associated with
the
purchase of the securities are accreted or amortized into interest income
over
the estimated lives of the assets adjusted for estimated prepayments using
the
effective interest method. Adjustments are made using the retrospective method
to the effective interest computation each reporting period based on the
actual
prepayment experiences to date, and the present expectation of future
prepayments of the underlying mortgages.
Gain
on Sale of Loans
OFS
recognizes gain (or loss) on the sale of loans. Gains or losses on such
sales are recognized at the time legal title transfers to the investor based
upon the difference between the sales proceeds from the final investor and
the
allocated basis of the loan sold, adjusted for net deferred loan fees and
certain direct costs and selling costs. OFS defers net loan origination costs
and fees as a component of the loan balance on the balance sheet. Such costs
are
not amortized and are recognized into income as a component of the gain or
loss
upon sale. The net gain on sale of loans was $850,000 for the period ended
December 31, 2005. The net gains on sale of loans for the period are a component
of Other Income on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Servicing
Fee Income
Servicing
fee income is generally a fee based on a percentage of the outstanding principal
balances of the mortgage loans serviced by OFS (or by a subservicer where
OFS is
the master servicer) and is recorded as income as the installment payments
on
the mortgages are received by OFS or the subservicer.
81
Loan
Origination Fees and Costs
Loan
fees, discount points, and certain direct origination costs are recorded
as an
adjustment of the cost of the loan and are included in gain on sales of loans
when the loan is sold. Accordingly, salaries, commissions, benefits and other
operating expenses have been reduced by $10.3 million during the period ended
December 31, 2005, due to direct loan origination costs, including commission
costs. Loan fees related to the origination and funding of mortgage loans
held
for sale are $1.3 million during the period ended December 31, 2005.
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
In
accordance with SFAS No. 130, Reporting
Comprehensive Income,
the
Company is required to separately report its comprehensive income (loss)
each
reporting period. Other comprehensive income refers to revenue, expenses,
gains,
and losses that under GAAP are included in comprehensive income but are excluded
from net income, as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment
to
stockholders’ equity. Other comprehensive income (loss) arises from unrealized
gains or losses generated from changes in market values of its securities
held
as available-for-sale.
Comprehensive
income (loss) is as follows:
Year
Ended December 31,
|
||||
2005
|
|
2004
|
||
Net
Income
|
$
|
24,282,671
|
$
|
22,856,910
|
Unrealized
loss on available for sale securities, net
|
(73,345,150)
|
(1,040,815)
|
||
Comprehensive
(Loss) Income
|
$
|
(49,062,479)
|
$
|
21,816,095
|
Stock-Based
Compensation
Stock-based
compensation is accounted for using the fair value based method prescribed
by
SFAS No. 123, Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation.
The
adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment” on January 1, 2006 is not
expected to have a significant impact on Opteum. For stock and stock-based
awards issued to employees, a compensation charge is recorded against earnings
based on the fair value of the award. For transactions with non-employees
in
which services are performed in exchange for Opteum's common stock or other
equity instruments, the transactions are recorded on the basis of the fair
value
of the service received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued,
whichever is more readily measurable at the date of issuance. Opteum's
stock-based compensation transactions resulted in an aggregate of $2.5 million
of compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2005, $0.9 million
of compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2004 and $1,209 of
compensation expense for the period from September 24, 2003 (date of inception)
to December 31, 2003.
Earnings
Per Share
The
Company follows the provisions of SFAS No. 128, Earnings
per Share,
and the
guidance provided in the FASB’s Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue No.
03-6, Participating
Securities and the two-class method under FASB Statement No. 128, Earnings
Per Share,
which
requires companies with complex capital structures, common stock equivalents,
or
two classes of participating securities to present both basic and diluted
earnings per share (“EPS”) on the face of the statement of income. Basic EPS is
calculated as income available to common stockholders divided by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS
is
calculated using the “if converted” method for common stock
equivalents.
As
further described in Note 12, effective July 9, 2004, the shares of
Class B Common Stock, participating and convertible into Class A
Common Stock, became entitled to receive dividends in an amount equal to
the
dividends declared on each share of Class A Common Stock if, as and when
authorized and declared by the Board of Directors. Following the provisions
of
EITF 03-6, the Class B Common Stock, beginning in the three-month period
ended September 30, 2004, is included in the computation of basic EPS using
the two-class method, and consequently is presented separately from Class A
Common Stock. Prior to July 9, 2004, the Class B shares of common
stock are not included in the basic EPS computation as the conditions to
participate in earnings were not met, and they were not included in the
computation of diluted Class A EPS as the conditions for conversion to
Class A shares were not met.
The
Class C common shares are not included in the basic EPS computation as
these shares do not have participation rights. The Class C common shares
totaling 319,388 are not included in the computation of diluted Class A EPS
as the conditions for conversion to Class A shares were not met (see Note
12).
82
As
further discussed in Note 2, effective November 3, 2005, the Company issued
1,223,208 shares of Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock, pursuant to the
acquisition of OFS. Holders of shares of the preferred stock cannot receive
or
accrue dividend payments prior to January 1, 2006; therefore, these
preferred shares are not included in the basic EPS computation as these shares
do not have participation rights during the period from their issuance through
December 31, 2005 (see Note 12). The shares of the Class A Redeemable
Preferred Stock will only be eligible to convert into shares of our Class A
Common Stock at such time as such conversion is approved by a majority number
of
stockholders; therefore, since this conversion is not yet approved, the shares
are not included in the computation of diluted Class A Common Stock
EPS.
The
table
below reconciles the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted
EPS.
From
September 24, 2003
|
||||||
Year
Ended December 31,
|
(inception)
through
|
|||||
2005
|
2004
|
December
31, 2003
|
||||
Basic
and diluted EPS per Class A common share:
|
||||||
Numerator:
net income allocated to the Class A common shares
|
$
|
23,910,709
|
$
|
22,529,855
|
$
|
(267,167)
|
Denominator:
basic and diluted:
|
||||||
Class
A common shares outstanding at the balance sheet date
|
23,567,242
|
20,368,915
|
4,012,102
|
|||
Dividend
eligible equity plan shares issued as of the balance sheet
date
|
499,786
|
313,600
|
-
|
|||
Effect
of weighting
|
(2,645,527)
|
(9,230,257)
|
(3,514,243)
|
|||
Weighted
average shares-basic and diluted
|
21,421,501
|
11,452,258
|
497,859
|
|||
Basic
and diluted EPS per Class A common share
|
$
|
1.12
|
$
|
1.97
|
$
|
(0.54)
|
Basic
and diluted EPS per Class B common share:
|
||||||
Numerator:
net income allocated to Class B common shares
|
$
|
371,962
|
$
|
327,055
|
$
|
-
|
Denominator:
basic and diluted:
|
||||||
Class
B common shares outstanding at the balance sheet date
|
319,388
|
319,388
|
319,388
|
|||
Effect
of weighting (based on date Class B shares participate in dividends)
|
-
|
(159,694)
|
(319,388)
|
|||
Weighted
average shares-basic and diluted
|
319,388
|
159,694
|
-
|
|||
Basic
and diluted EPS per Class B common share
|
$
|
1.16
|
$
|
2.05
|
$
|
-
|
Income
Taxes
Opteum
has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. As further described below,
the Company’s TRS is a taxpaying entity for income tax purposes, and is taxed
separately from Opteum. Opteum will generally not be subject to federal income
tax on its taxable net income to the extent that Opteum distributes its taxable
net income to its stockholders and satisfies the ongoing REIT requirements
including meeting certain asset, income and stock ownership tests. Under
the net
income requirements, a REIT must generally distribute at least 90% of its
taxable income to its stockholders of which 85% must be distributed within
the
taxable year in order to avoid the imposition of an excise tax. The remaining
balance may be distributed up to the timely filing date of our REIT tax return
in the subsequent taxable year.
OFS
is
the Company’s TRS, and its activities are subject to corporate income taxes, and
the applicable provisions of SFAS No. 109, Accounting
for Income Taxes.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax
consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective
tax
base. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax
rates
expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary
differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred
tax
assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in
the
period that includes the enactment date.
83
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
In
December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based
Payment,
a
revision of SFAS No. 123, which addresses the accounting for share-based
payment transactions. SFAS No. 123(R) eliminates the ability to account for
employee share-based compensation transactions using APB Opinion No. 25,
"Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and generally requires instead
that
such transactions be accounted and recognized in the statement of operations
based on their fair value. The adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) on January 1,
2006, will not have an impact on Opteum, as Opteum already uses the fair
value
method of accounting for all of its share-based payments.
On
August
11, 2005, the FASB issued an Exposure draft to amend FASB Statement No. 140,
Accounting
for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of
Liabilities,
to (i)
specify the conditions under which a qualifying special-purpose entity (SPE)
is
required to achieve sale accounting, (ii) eliminate inconsistent application
of
the principles upon which Statement 140 is based, and (iii) address other
issues
related to transfers of financial assets that arose during redeliberations
on
the amendment of Statement 140 in order to improve the comparability of
financial statements. The Company has not yet evaluated the impact, if any,
that
application of these new principles will have.
NOTE
2. ACQUISITION
OF OPTEUM FINANCIAL SERVICES, LLC
On
November 3, 2005, Opteum acquired 100% of the equity interests of Opteum
Financial Services, LLC and its subsidiaries (“OFS”) through a newly formed
wholly-owned subsidiary of Opteum. OFS is a mortgage lender that originates
loans nationwide. Opteum acquired OFS to diversify its revenue stream while
remaining in Opteum’s area of expertise. For OFS, the acquisition provides
increased access to capital to fund growth. The results of operations of
OFS
have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements
for the
period from November 3, 2005 through December 31, 2005.
Opteum
initially issued 3,717,242 shares of Class A Common Stock and 1,800,000
shares of Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock to the owners of OFS. A
portion of the Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock was to be returned to Opteum
if OFS did not have a book value of $60.0 million at the date of closing.
On
February 10, 2006, the owners of OFS and Opteum agreed that 576,792 shares
of
the Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock would be returned as the OFS book
value
at closing was less than $60.0 million.
As
described in Note 12, the Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock will be convertible
into shares of Class A Common Stock if the Company’s stockholders approve
the conversion at a future stockholders’ meeting. After accounting for the
returned Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock, the final aggregate purchase
price
amounted to $56,501,440. This consists of: 3,717,242 shares of Class A Common
Stock valued at $11.46 per share; 1,223,208 shares of Class A Redeemable
Preferred Stock valued at $9.91 per share; and $1,779,846 of transaction
costs.
The values of the shares issued were based on the average market price of
Opteum’s Class A Common Stock over the five day period surrounding September 29,
2005, the date the acquisition agreement was signed and publicly
announced.
The
owner’s of OFS will be eligible to receive up to $17.5 million in cash (or
preferred shares in certain circumstances) over the next five years, depending
on the cash flows of certain residual interests in securitizations which
were on
OFS's balance sheet at the closing.
The
following presents the allocation of the purchase price to the fair values
of
the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed as of November 3,
2005:
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$
|
3,431,736
|
Loans
held for sale
|
1,186,599,447
|
|
Retained
interests, trading
|
94,611,222
|
|
Mortgage
servicing rights, net
|
87,079,777
|
|
Fixed
assets
|
9,919,100
|
|
Goodwill
|
2,107,130
|
|
Identified
intangibles
|
4,042,617
|
|
All
other assets
|
46,203,917
|
|
Deferred
income tax liability
|
(22,580,679)
|
|
All
other liabilities
|
(1,354,912,827)
|
|
Net
assets acquired
|
$
|
56,501,440
|
84
OFS
is
still in the process of obtaining final valuations and completing its analysis
of certain of the intangible assets; accordingly, allocation of the purchase
price is subject to potential modification. If changes to the purchase price
occur during the twelve month period following the acquisition, the appropriate
adjustments will be allocated to the fair values of the assets acquired and
liabilities assumed. However, any modification is not expected to be
significant. The identified intangibles will be amortized over a weighted
average amortization period of approximately three years, and they are not
expected to have any significant residual value. The Company recorded intangible
assets in the amount of $2,688,370 for proprietary software, unlocked loans
and
related items at the time of the acquisition. At December 31, 2005, the
accumulated amortization on these intangibles was $115,375. The Company recorded
$1,354,247 for an intangible related to the Opteum trade name, and $2,107,130
of
goodwill; these assets will not be subject to amortization.
The
following pro-forma information is based on the assumption that the acquisition
of OFS took place as of January 1, 2004. The impact of the application by
the Company of SFAS No. 141 to the books and records of OFS upon consummation
of
the merger have been adjusted such that the impact is reflected in 2004 versus
2005. Accordingly, the figures below will not be consistent with figures
presented in the amended Form 8-K filed by the Company on January 20,
2006.
2005
|
2004
|
|||
Total
Net Revenue
|
$
|
157,198,288
|
$
|
110,823,422
|
Income
from Operations
|
36,511,991
|
39,493,512
|
||
Net
Income
|
32,467,979
|
32,027,655
|
||
Class
A Common stock - basic and diluted
|
1.24
|
1.97
|
||
Class
B Common stock - basic and diluted
|
1.24
|
1.97
|
NOTE
3. MORTGAGE
LOANS HELD FOR SALE, NET
Upon
the
closing of a residential mortgage loan or shortly thereafter, OFS will
securitize the majority of its mortgage loan originations. OFS also sells
mortgage loans insured or guaranteed by various government-sponsored entities
and private insurance agencies. The insurance or guaranty is provided primarily
on a nonrecourse basis to OFS, except where limited by the Federal Housing
Administration and Veterans Administration and their respective loan programs.
At December 31, 2005, OFS serviced approximately $7.7 billion of mortgage
loans
sold into the secondary market. All of OFS’s loans held for sale are pledged as
collateral under the various financing arrangements described in Note 8.
Mortgage loans held for sale consist of the following as of December 31,
2005:
Mortgage
loans held for sale
|
$
|
884,751,317
|
Deferred
loan origination costs—net
|
9,604,290
|
|
Valuation
allowance
|
(117,977)
|
|
$
|
894,237,630
|
NOTE
4. RETAINED
INTEREST, TRADING
Subordinated
interests retained represent the over-collateralization and net interest
spread,
which represents the estimated cash-flows to be received from the trust in
the
future from mortgage loan securitizations structured as sales in accordance
with
SFAS No. 140. Generally, to meet the sale treatment requirements of SFAS
No.
140, the REMIC Trust is structured as a “qualifying special purpose entity” or
QSPE, which specifically limits the trust’s activities, and OFS surrenders
control over the mortgage loans upon their transfer to the REMIC Trust. All
of
OFS’s securitization issues were accounted for as a sale under SFAS No. 140.
The
subordinated interests retained are classified as “trading securities” and are
reported at fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported in earnings.
Valuation
of Investments. OFS
classifies its retained interests as trading securities and therefore records
these securities at their estimated fair value. In order to value the unrated,
unquoted, investments, OFS will record these assets at their estimated fair
value utilizing either pricing available directly from dealers or the present
value calculated by projecting the future cash flows of an investment on
a
publicly available analytical system. When a publicly available analytical
system is utilized, OFS will input the following variable factors which will
have an impact on determining the market value:
Interest
Rate Forecast.
The
forward LIBOR interest rate curve.
85
Discount
Rate.
The
present value of all future cash flows utilizing a discount rate assumption
established at the discretion of OFS to represent market conditions and value.
Prepayment
Forecast.
The
prepayment forecast may be expressed by OFS in accordance with one of the
following standard market conventions: 1) Constant Prepayment Rate (CPR)
or 2)
Percentage of a Prepayment Vector (PPV). Prepayment forecasts may be changed
as
OFS observes trends in the underlying collateral as delineated in the Statement
to Certificate Holders generated by the REMIC trust’s Trustee for each
underlying security.
Credit
Performance Forecast.
A
forecast of future credit performance of the underlying collateral pool will
include an assumption of default frequency, loss severity, and a recovery
lag.
In general, OFS will utilize the combination of default frequency and loss
severity in conjunction with a collateral prepayment assumption to arrive
at a
target cumulative loss to the collateral pool over the life of the pool based
on
historical performance of similar collateral by the originator. The target
cumulative loss forecast will be developed and noted at the pricing date
of the
individual security but may be updated by OFS consistent with observations
of
the actual collateral pool performance.
Default
Frequency may be expressed by OFS in accordance with any of three standard
market conventions: 1) Constant Default Rate (CDR) 2) Percentage of a Standard
Default Assumption (SDA) curve, or 3) a vector or curve established to meet
forecasted performance for specific collateral pools.
Loss
Severity will be expressed by OFS in accordance with historical performance
of
similar collateral and the standard market conventions of a percentage of
the
unpaid principal balance of the forecasted defaults lost during the foreclosure
and liquidation process.
During
the first year of a new issue OFS may balance positive or adverse effects
of the
prepayment forecast and the credit performance forecast allowing for deviation
between actual and forecasted performance of the collateral pool. After the
first year OFS will generally adjust the Prepayment and Credit Performance
Forecasts to replicate actual performance trends without balancing adverse
and
positive effects.
The
following table summarizes OFS’s residual interests in securitizations as of
December 31, 2005:
Series
|
Issue
Date
|
December
31, 2005
|
||
HMAC
2004-1
|
March
4, 2004
|
$
|
5,096,056
|
|
HMAC
2004-2
|
May
10, 2004
|
3,240,431
|
||
HMAC
2004-3
|
June
30, 2004
|
1,055,651
|
||
HMAC
2004-4
|
August
16, 2004
|
3,749,261
|
||
HMAC
2004-5
|
September
28, 2004
|
6,177,669
|
||
HMAC
2004-6
|
November
17, 2004
|
14,321,046
|
||
OpteMac
2005-1
|
January
31, 2005
|
14,720,910
|
||
OpteMac
2005-2
|
April
5, 2005
|
11,301,619
|
||
OpteMac
2005-3
|
June
17, 2005
|
14,656,477
|
||
OpteMac
2005-4
|
August
25, 2005
|
2,551,775
|
||
OpteMac
2005-5
|
November
23, 2005
|
11,139,697
|
||
Total
|
$
|
98,010,592
|
Key
economic assumptions used in measuring the fair value of retained interests
at
the date of securitization resulting from securitizations completed during
2005
were as follows:
2005
|
|
Prepayment
speeds (CPR)
|
28.65%
|
Weighted-average-life
|
2.830
|
Expected
credit losses
|
1.069%
|
Discount
rates
|
14.896%
|
Interest
rates
|
Forward
LIBOR Yield curve
|
86
At
December 31, 2005 key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current
fair value of residual cash flows to the immediate 10% and 20% adverse change
in
those assumptions are as follows:
Balance
Sheet Carrying value of retained interests - fair value
|
$
|
98,010,592
|
Weighted
average life (in years)
|
2.62
|
|
Prepayment
assumption (annual rate)
|
32.53%
|
|
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$
|
(7,817,000)
|
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$
|
(16,089,000)
|
Expected
Credit losses (annual rate)
|
0.607%
|
|
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$
|
(3,247,000)
|
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$
|
(6,419,000)
|
Residual
Cash-Flow Discount Rate
|
13.96%
|
|
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$
|
(3,804,000)
|
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$
|
(7,392,000)
|
Interest
rates on variable and adjustable loans and bonds
|
Forward
LIBOR Yield Curve
|
|
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$
|
(21,265,000)
|
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$
|
(34,365,000)
|
These
sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. As the figures
indicate, changes in fair value based upon a 10% variation in assumptions
generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of the change in
assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table,
the effect of the variation in a particular assumption on the fair value
of the
retained interest is calculated without changing any other assumption, in
reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another which may
magnify or counteract the sensitivities. To estimate the impact of a 10%
and 20%
adverse change of the Forward LIBOR curve, a parallel shift in the forward
LIBOR
curve was assumed based on the Forward LIBOR curve at December 31,
2005.
Static
pool losses are calculated by summing the actual and projected future credit
losses and dividing them by the original balance of each pool of assets.
The
amount shown here is calculated based upon all securitizations occurring
in that
year.
Residential
Mortgage
Loans
Securitized In:
|
||
Actual
and Projected
Credit
Losses (%) as of :
|
2005
|
|
December
31, 2005
|
0.712%
|
The
table
below summarizes certain cash flows received from and paid to securitization
trusts:
For
the Period November 3, 2005 (date of merger) through December 31,
2005
|
||
Proceeds
from securitizations
|
$
|
989,843,000
|
Servicing
fees received
|
2,837,500
|
|
Servicing
advances
|
290,952
|
|
Repayments
of servicing advances
|
0
|
The
following information presents quantitative information about delinquencies
and
credit losses on securitized financial assets as of December 31,
2005:
Type
of loan:
|
Total
Principal Amount of Loans
|
Principal
Amount of Loans Greater than 60 Days Past Due
|
Net
Credit Losses
|
|||
Mortgage
Loans
|
$
|
6,363,279,281
|
$
|
57,871,123
|
$
|
912,990
|
87
NOTE
5. MORTGAGE
SERVICING RIGHTS, NET
Activities
for mortgage servicing rights are summarized as follows at December 31, 2005:
Balance
on acquisition date:
|
$
|
87,079,777
|
Additions
|
1,431,576
|
|
Amortization
|
(2,429,759)
|
|
Balance
at December 31, 2005:
|
$
|
86,081,594
|
Estimated
amortization expense for the five years ended December 31 and thereafter:
2006
|
$
|
14,872,566
|
2007
|
13,450,007
|
|
2008
|
12,027,449
|
|
2009
|
10,604,890
|
|
2010
|
9,182,331
|
|
Thereafter
|
25,944,351
|
|
$
|
86,081,594
|
At
December 31, 2005, key economic assumptions and the sensitivity of the current
fair value of mortgage servicing rights cash flows to the immediate 10 percent
and 20 percent adverse change in those assumptions are as follows:
Prepayment
assumption (annual rate) (PSA)
|
253.72
|
|
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$
|
(3,615,000)
|
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$
|
(6,936,000)
|
MSR
Cash-Flow Discount Rate
|
10.74%
|
|
Impact
on fair value of 10% adverse change
|
$
|
(4,856,000)
|
Impact
on fair value of 20% adverse change
|
$
|
(9,280,000)
|
These
sensitivities are hypothetical and should be used with caution. As the figures
indicate, changes in fair value based upon a 10% and 20% variations in
assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of
the
change in assumption to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also,
in
this table, the effect of the variation in a particular assumption on the
fair
value of the mortgage servicing right is calculated without changing any
other
assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another
which may magnify or counteract the sensitivities.
NOTE
6. MORTGAGE-BACKED
SECURITIES
At
December 31, 2005 and 2004, all of Opteum's mortgage-backed securities
(“MBS”) were classified as available-for-sale and, as such, are reported at
their estimated fair value. Estimated fair value was determined based on
the
average of third-party broker quotes received and/or independent pricing
sources
when available.
At
December 31, 2005, Opteum had financed MBS with a historical amortized cost
of
$99.3 million with the party it acquired the MBS. Such securities are included
in MBS at a fair value of $98.0 million and a corresponding repurchase agreement
of $94.9 million at December 31, 2005.
88
The
following are the carrying values of Opteum's MBS portfolio at December 31,
2005 and 2004:
December
31, 2005
|
December
31, 2004
|
|||
Floating
Rate CMO's
|
$
|
-
|
$
|
250,438,730
|
Hybrid
Arms and Balloons
|
753,895,705
|
569,623,089
|
||
Adjustable
Rate Mortgages
|
2,006,767,437
|
1,403,381,666
|
||
Fixed
Rate Mortgages
|
733,366,217
|
749,789,412
|
||
Totals
|
$
|
3,494,029,359
|
$
|
2,973,232,897
|
The
following table presents the components of the carrying value of Opteum's
MBS
portfolio at December 31, 2005 and 2004:
December
31, 2005
|
December
31, 2004
|
|||
Principal
balance
|
$
|
3,457,887,912
|
$
|
2,876,568,150
|
Unamortized
premium
|
115,133,248
|
98,202,287
|
||
Unaccreted
discount
|
(2,497,423)
|
(381,769)
|
||
Gross
unrealized gains
|
265,615
|
7,824,313
|
||
Gross
unrealized losses
|
(76,759,993)
|
(8,980,084)
|
||
Carrying
value/estimated fair value
|
$
|
3,494,029,359
|
$
|
2,973,232,897
|
The
following table presents for Opteum's MBS investments with gross unrealized
losses, the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses aggregated by
investment category, at December 31, 2005:
Loss
Position Less than 12 Months
|
Loss
Position More than 12 Months
|
Total
|
||||||||||
Estimated
Fair
Value
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
Estimated
Fair
Value
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
Estimated
Fair
Value
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|||||||
Hybrid
Arms and Balloons
|
$
|
563,661,156
|
$
|
(8,409,428)
|
$
|
$141,675,752
|
$
|
(4,510,901)
|
$
|
705,336,908
|
$
|
(12,920,329)
|
Adjustable
Rate Mortgages
|
1,648,085,054
|
(27,917,630)
|
270,945,493
|
(8,944,837)
|
1,919,030,547
|
(36,862,467)
|
||||||
Fixed
Rate Mortgages
|
425,260,838
|
(10,762,306)
|
346,435,009
|
(16,214,890)
|
771,695,847
|
(26,977,197)
|
||||||
$
|
2,637,007,048
|
$
|
(47,089,364)
|
$
|
759,056,254
|
$
|
(29,670,628)
|
$
|
3,396,063,302
|
$
|
(76,759,993)
|
The
following table presents for Opteum's MBS investments with gross unrealized
losses, the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses aggregated by
investment category, at December 31, 2004:
Loss
Position Less than 12 Months
|
Loss
Position More than 12 Months
|
Total
|
||||||||||
Estimated
Fair
Value
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
Estimated
Fair
Value
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
Estimated
Fair
Value
|
Unrealized
Losses
|
|||||||
Hybrid
Arms and Balloons
|
$
|
334,918,233
|
$
|
(1,974,605)
|
$
|
31,954,324
|
$
|
(75,968)
|
$
|
366,872,557
|
$
|
(2,050,573)
|
Adjustable
Rate Mortgages
|
479,284,021
|
(2,930,772)
|
9,374,573
|
(21,845)
|
488,658,594
|
(2,952,617)
|
||||||
Fixed
Rate Mortgages
|
519,546,019
|
(3,950,372)
|
11,260,668
|
(26,522)
|
530,806,687
|
(3,976,894)
|
||||||
$
|
1,333,748,273
|
$
|
(8,855,749)
|
$
|
52,589,565
|
$
|
(124,335)
|
$
|
1,386,337,838
|
$
|
(8,980,084)
|
89
At
December 31, 2005, all of Opteum's MBS investments have contractual maturities
greater than twenty-three months. Actual maturities of MBS investments are
generally shorter than stated contractual maturities. Actual maturities of
Opteum's MBS investments are affected by the contractual lives of the underlying
mortgages, periodic payments of principal, and prepayments of principal.
The
decline in fair value MBS of investments is not considered to be other than
temporary. Accordingly, the write down to fair value is recorded in other
comprehensive loss as an unrealized loss. The factors considered in making
this
determination include: the expected cash flow from the MBS investment, the
general quality of the MBS owned, any credit protection available, current
market conditions, and the magnitude and duration of the historical decline
in
market prices as well as Opteum's ability and intention to hold the MBS owned.
NOTE
7. FAIR
VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The
valuation of Opteum’s investments in mortgage backed securities is governed by
SFAS No. 107. SFAS No. 107, Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial
Instruments, defines the fair value of a financial instrument as the amount
at
which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between
willing
parties. All REIT securities are reflected in the financial statements at
their
estimated fair value as of December 31, 2005 and 2004. Estimated fair
values for MBS are based on the average of third-party broker quotes received
and/or independent pricing sources when available. However, the fair values
reported reflect estimates and may not necessarily be indicative of the amounts
Opteum could realize in a current market exchange. Cash and cash equivalents,
accrued interest receivable, repurchase agreements and accrued interest payable
are reflected in the financial statements at their costs, which approximates
their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
Fair
value of mortgage loans held for sale, mortgage servicing rights, interest
rate
lock commitments and commitments to deliver mortgages are based on estimates.
Fair value estimates are made as of a specific point in time based on estimates
using present value or other valuation techniques. These techniques involve
uncertainties and are significantly affected by the assumptions used and
the
judgments made regarding risk characteristics of various financial instruments,
discount rates, estimates of future cash flows, future expected loss experience,
and other factors.
Changes
in assumptions could significantly affect these estimates and the resulting
fair
values. Derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison
to
independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in an immediate
sale of the instrument. Also, because of differences in methodologies and
assumptions used to estimate fair values, the Company’s fair values should not
be compared to those of other companies. All forward delivery commitments
and
option contracts to buy securities are to be contractually settled within
six
months of the balance sheet date.
Fair
value estimates are based on existing financial instruments without attempting
to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets
and
liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Accordingly, the
aggregate fair value amounts presented do not represent the underlying value
of
the Company.
The
fair
value of certain OFS assets and liabilities either equal or approximate carrying
value due to their short-term nature, terms of repayment, floating interest
rate
associated with the asset or liability or accounting principles applied.
Such
assets or liabilities include cash, receivables, retained interests, other
trading securities, accounts payable and other liabilities, warehouse lines
of
credit and drafts payable.
The
following describes the methods and assumptions used by OFS in estimating
fair
values of other financial instruments:
§ |
Mortgage
Loans Held for Sale— Mortgage loans held for sale represent mortgage loans
originated and held pending sale to investors. The mortgages
are carried
at the lower of cost or market as determined by outstanding commitments
from investors or current investor yield requirements calculated
on the
aggregate loan basis. Deferred net fees or costs are not amortized
during
the period the loans are held for sale, but are recognized when
the loan
is sold.
|
§ |
Mortgage
Servicing Rights— the estimated fair value of MSRs is determined by
obtaining a market valuation from a specialist who brokers MSRs.
To
determine the market valuation, the third party uses a valuation
model
which incorporates assumptions relating to the estimate of the
cost of
servicing per loan, a discount rate, a float value, an inflation
rate,
ancillary income per loan, prepayment speeds, and default rates
that
market participants use for acquiring similar servicing rights.
|
90
§ |
Interest
Rate Lock Commitments—The fair value of interest rate lock commitments is
estimated using the fees and rates currently charged to enter
into similar
agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements
and
the present creditworthiness of the counter-parties. For fixed
rate loan
commitments, fair value also considers the difference between
current
levels of interest rates and the committed rates.
|
§ |
Commitments
to Deliver Mortgages—The fair value of these instruments is estimated
using current market prices for dealer or investor commitments
relative to
the Company’s existing positions. These instruments contain an element of
risk in the event that the counter-parties may be unable to meet
the terms
of such agreements. In the event a counterparty to a delivery
commitment
was unable to fulfill its obligation, the Company would not incur
any
material loss by replacing the position at market rates in effect
at
December 31, 2005. The Company minimizes its risk exposure by
limiting the
counter-parties to those major banks, investment bankers, and
private
investors who meet established credit and capital guidelines.
Management
does not expect any counterparty to default on its obligations
and,
therefore, does not expect to incur any loss due to counterparty
default.
|
The
following tables set forth information about financial instruments and other
selected assets, except for those noted above for which the carrying value
approximates fair value.
91
NOTE
8. WAREHOUSE
LINES OF CREDIT AND DRAFTS PAYABLE
OFS
issues drafts or wires at loan settlement in order to facilitate the closing
of
mortgage loans held for sale. Drafts payable represent mortgage loans on
which a
closing has occurred prior to year end but the related drafts have not cleared
the respective bank. Upon clearing the bank, the drafts are funded by the
appropriate warehouse line of credit. Warehouse and aggregate lines of credit
and loans sale agreements accounted for as financing consisted of the following
at December 31, 2005:
Warehouse
and aggregate lines of credit:
|
2005
|
|
A
committed warehouse line of credit for $100 million between OFS
and
Residential Funding Corporation ("RFC"). The agreement expires
on March
31, 2006. The agreement provides for interest rates based upon
1 month
LIBOR plus a margin between 1.25% and 1.50% depending on the product
that
was originated or acquired.
|
$
|
9,246,486
|
A
committed warehouse line of credit for $284.5 million between OFS
and
Colonial Bank. The agreement expires on May 30, 2006. The agreement
provides for interest rates, based upon 1 month LIBOR, plus a margin
of
1.25% to 2.00% depending on the product that was originated or
acquired.
|
246,706,788
|
|
A
committed warehouse line of credit for $150 million between OFS
and JP
Morgan Chase. The agreement expires on May 30, 2006 and is expected
to be
renewed prior to its expiration. The agreement provides for interest
rates
based upon 1 month LIBOR plus a margin of 1.25% to 2.00% depending
on the
product originated or acquired.
|
67,969,568
|
|
An
Aggregation facility for $1.0 billion between OFS and Citigroup
Global
Markets Realty Inc. to aggregate loans pending securitization.
The
agreement expires on February 28, 2007. The agreement provides
for
interest rates based upon 1 month LIBOR plus a margin of
.75%.
|
70,269,031
|
|
An
Aggregation facility for $500 million between OFS and Bear Stearns
to
aggregate loans pending securitization. The agreement expires on
March 11,
2006 and it is expected to be renewed prior to its expiration.
The
agreement provides for interest rates based upon 1 month LIBOR
plus a
margin of 0.75%.
|
-
|
|
A
$750 million purchase and security agreement between OFS and UBS
Warburg
Real Estate Securities, Inc. (“UBS Warburg”) The facility is due upon
demand and can be cancelled by either party upon notification to
the
counterparty. OFS incurs a charge for the facility based on 1 month
LIBOR
plus 1% to 1.35% depending on the product originated. The facility
is
secured by loans held for sale and cash generated from sales to
investors.
|
469,811,083
|
|
864,002,956
|
||
Drafts
Payable
|
9,738,473
|
|
Total
Warehouse lines and drafts payable
|
$
|
873,741,429
|
In
addition to the RFC, Colonial Bank, UBS Warburg, and Citigroup facilities,
OFS
has purchase and sale agreements with Greenwich Capital and Fannie Mae. The
agreements allow for OFS to accelerate the sale of its mortgage loan inventory,
resulting in a more effective use of its warehouse facilities. OFS has a
combined capacity of $300 million under these purchase and sale agreements.
There were no amounts sold and being held under these agreements at December
31,
2005. The agreements are not committed facilities and may be terminated at
the
discretion of either party.
The
facilities are secured by mortgage loans and other assets of OFS. The
facilities contain various covenants pertaining to tangible net worth, net
income, available cash and liquidity, leverage ratio, current ratio and
servicing delinquency. At December 31, 2005, OFS was not in compliance
with respect to two covenants with one lender. The two covenants pertained
to
tangible net worth and net income at December 31, 2005. The violations were
attributable to the loss reported for the period November 3, 2005, (date
of
merger) through December 31, 2005, resulting from the required purchase
accounting adjustments to the carrying value of certain assets of OFS. On
February 28, 2006, these violations were waived by the lender.
92
NOTE
9. OTHER
SECURED BORROWINGS
Other
secured borrowings consisted of the following at December 31:
2005
|
||
A
committed working capital line of credit for $82.5 million between
OFS and
Colonial Bank. The agreement expires on May 30, 2006. The agreement
provides for an interest rate, based on1 month LIBOR plus a margin
of up
to 2.6% and is secured by the servicing rights for FNMA, FHLMC
and REMIC
securitizations.
|
$
|
73,204,674
|
A
committed warehouse line of credit for $150.0 million between OFS
and JP
Morgan Chase, that allows for a sublimit for mortgage servicing
rights.
The agreement expires May 30, 2006 and is expected to be renewed
prior to
its expiration. The agreement provides for interest rate based
on LIBOR
plus 2.0%
|
7,410,000
|
|
Citigroup
Global Realty Inc., working capital line of credit secured by the
Retained
interests in securitizations through OPMAC 2005-4. The facility
expires on
October 31, 2006. The agreement provides for interest rate based
on LIBOR
plus 3.00%
|
24,271,665
|
|
$
|
104,886,339
|
NOTE
10. Repurchase
Agreements
Opteum
has entered into repurchase agreements to finance most of its MBS security
purchases. The repurchase agreements are short-term borrowings that bear
interest at rates that have historically moved in close relationship to LIBOR.
At December 31, 2005, Opteum had an outstanding amount of $3.3 billion with
a net weighted average borrowing rate of 4.15%, and these agreements were
collateralized by MBS with a fair value of $3.5 billion and restricted cash
of
$2.3 million. At December 31, 2004, Opteum had an outstanding amount of
$2.8 billion with a net weighted average borrowing rate of 2.28%, and these
agreements were collateralized by MBS with a fair value of $2.9 billion and
restricted cash of $8.7 million.
At
December 31, 2005, Opteum's repurchase agreements had remaining maturities
as summarized below:
OVERNIGHT
(1
DAY OR LESS)
|
BETWEEN
2 AND
30
DAYS
|
BETWEEN
31 AND
90
DAYS
|
GREATER
THAN
90
DAYS
|
TOTAL
|
||||||
Agency-Backed
Mortgage-Backed Securities:
|
||||||||||
Amortized
cost of securities sold, including accrued interest
receivable
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
906,106,459
|
$
|
813,436,832
|
$
|
1,533,016,956
|
$
|
3,252,560,247
|
Fair
market value of securities sold, including accrued interest
receivable
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
893,159,892
|
$
|
791,259,152
|
$
|
1,498,980,224
|
$
|
3,183,399,268
|
Repurchase
agreement liabilities associated with these securities
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
914,262,355
|
$
|
857,995,007
|
$
|
1,565,341,000
|
$
|
3,337,598,362
|
Net
weighted average borrowing rate
|
—
|
4.22%
|
4.01%
|
4.19%
|
4.15%
|
At
December 31, 2004, Opteum's repurchase agreements had remaining maturities
as summarized below:
OVERNIGHT
(1
DAY OR LESS)
|
BETWEEN
2 AND
30
DAYS
|
BETWEEN
31 AND
90
DAYS
|
GREATER
THAN
90
DAYS
|
TOTAL
|
||||||
Agency-Backed
Mortgage-Backed Securities:
|
||||||||||
Amortized
cost of securities sold, including accrued interest
receivable
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
821,387,879
|
$
|
975,251,727
|
$
|
1,028,522,165
|
$
|
2,825,161,771
|
Fair
market value of securities sold, including accrued interest
receivable
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
823,087,580
|
$
|
975,020,524
|
$
|
1,025,389,631
|
$
|
2,823,497,735
|
Repurchase
agreement liabilities associated with these securities
|
$
|
—
|
$
|
797,655,321
|
$
|
968,417,528
|
$
|
1,005,090,108
|
$
|
2,771,162,957
|
Net
weighted average borrowing rate
|
—
|
2.28%
|
2.11%
|
2.45%
|
2.28%
|
NOTE
11. TRUST
PREFERRED SECURITIES
On
May 17, 2005, Opteum completed a private offering of $50.0 million of trust
preferred securities of Bimini Capital Trust I, a Delaware statutory business
trust sponsored by Opteum.
Bimini
Capital Trust I (“BCTI” or the “trust”) used the proceeds of the private
offering, together with Opteum’s investment of $1.6 million in the BCTI
common securities, to purchase $51.6 million aggregate principal amount of
Opteum’s Junior Subordinated Notes with terms that parallel the terms of the
trust preferred securities. The trust preferred securities have a fixed rate
of
interest until March 30, 2010 at 7.61% and thereafter through maturity in
2035 the rate will float at a spread of 3.30% over the prevailing three-month
LIBOR rate. The trust preferred securities require quarterly interest
distributions and are redeemable at Opteum’s option, in whole or in part and
without penalty, beginning March 30, 2010 and at any date thereafter.
The notes are subordinate and junior in right of payment of all present and
future senior indebtedness. The proceeds from the private offering net of
costs
were approximately $48.5 million.
On
October 5, 2005, Opteum completed a private offering of $50.0 million of
trust
preferred securities of Bimini Capital Trust II, a Delaware statutory business
trust sponsored by Opteum.
93
Bimini
Capital Trust II (“BCTII”) used the proceeds of the private offering, together
with Opteum’s investment of $1.5 million in the BCTII common securities to
purchase $51.5 million aggregate principal amount of Opteum’s Junior
Subordinated Notes with terms that parallel the terms of the trust preferred
securities. The trust preferred securities have a fixed rate of interest
until
December 15, 2010 at 7.8575% and thereafter through maturity in 2035 the
rate
will float at a spread of 3.50% over the prevailing three-month LIBOR rate.
The
trust preferred securities require quarterly interest distributions and are
redeemable at Opteum’s option, in whole or in part and without penalty,
beginning December 15, 2010 and at any date thereafter. The notes are
subordinate and junior in right of payment of all present and future senior
indebtedness. The proceeds from the private offering net of costs were
approximately $48.5 million.
The
trust
is a variable interest entity pursuant to FIN No. 46, because the holders
of the equity investment at risk do not have adequate decision making ability
over the trust’s activities. Because Opteum’s investment in the trust’s common
shares was financed directly by the trust as a result of its loan of the
proceeds to Opteum, that investment is not considered to be an equity investment
at risk pursuant to FIN No. 46. Since Opteum’s common shares investment in BCTI
is not a variable interest, Opteum is not the primary beneficiary of the
trust.
Therefore, Opteum has not consolidated the financial statements of BCTI into
its
financial statements. Based on the aforementioned accounting guidance, the
financial statements present the notes issued to the trust as a liability
and
the investment in the BCTI as an asset. For financial statement purposes,
Opteum
records interest expense on the corresponding notes issued to the BCTI on
its
statements of income.
NOTE
12. CAPITAL
STOCK
Authorized
Shares
The
total
number of shares of capital stock which the Company has the authority to
issue
is 110,000,000 shares, consisting of 100,000,000 shares of common stock having
a
par value of $0.001 per share and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock having
a
par value of $0.001 per share. The Board of Directors has the authority to
classify any unissued shares by setting or changing in any one or more respects
the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions,
limitations as to dividends, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption
of such shares.
Common
Stock
Of
the
100,000,000 authorized shares of common stock, 98,000,000 shares were designated
as Class A Common Stock, 1,000,000 shares were designated as Class B
Common Stock and 1,000,000 shares were designated as Class C Common Stock.
Holders of shares of common stock have no sinking fund or redemption rights
and
have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities.
Class A
Common Stock
Each
outstanding share of Class A Common Stock entitles the holder to one vote
on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election
of
directors. Holders of shares of Class A Common Stock are not entitled to
cumulate their votes in the election of directors.
Subject
to the preferential rights of any other class or series of stock and to the
provisions of the Company's charter , as amended, regarding the restrictions
on
transfer of stock, holders of shares of Class A Common Stock are entitled
to receive dividends on such stock if, as and when authorized and declared
by
the Board of Directors.
Class B
Common Stock
Each
outstanding share of Class B Common Stock entitles the holder to one vote
on all matters submitted to a vote of common stockholders, including the
election of directors. Holders of shares of Class B Common Stock are not
entitled to cumulate their votes in the election of directors. Holders of
shares
of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall vote together
as one class in all matters except that any matters which would adversely
affect
the rights and preferences of Class B Common Stock as a separate class
shall require a separate approval by holders of a majority of the outstanding
shares of our Class B Common Stock.
94
Holders
of shares of Class B Common Stock are entitled to receive dividends on each
share of Class B Common Stock in an amount equal to the dividends declared
on each share of Class A Common Stock if, as and when authorized and
declared by the Board of Directors. Prior to July 9, 2004, no dividends were
declared on the shares of Class B Common Stock due to a provision which
required that cumulative dividends paid on each share of Class A Common
Stock be equal to or greater than the difference between the book value per
share of Class A Common Stock at the time of issuance of such shares of
Class A Common Stock and $15.00 per share, before dividends could be paid
on the Class B Common Stock. As of July 9, 2004, the cumulative dividends
paid on each share of Class A Common Stock met this requirement; therefore,
as of July 9, 2004, the shares of Class B Common Stock became entitled
to receive dividends in an amount equal to the dividends declared on each
share
of Class A Common Stock if, as and when authorized and declared by the
Board of Directors.
Each
share of Class B Common Stock shall automatically be converted into one
share of Class A Common Stock on the first day of the fiscal quarter
following the fiscal quarter during which the Company's Board of Directors
were
notified that, as of the end of such fiscal quarter, the stockholders' equity
attributable to the Class A Common Stock, calculated on a pro forma basis
as if conversion of the Class B Common Stock (or portion thereof to be
converted) had occurred, and otherwise determined in accordance with GAAP,
equals no less than $15.00 per share (adjusted equitably for any stock splits,
stock combinations, stock dividends or the like); provided, that the number
of
shares of Class B Common Stock to be converted into Class A Common
Stock in any quarter shall not exceed an amount that will cause the
stockholders' equity attributable to the Class A Common Stock calculated as
set forth above to be less than $15.00 per share; provided further, that
such
conversions shall continue to occur until all shares of Class B Common
Stock have been converted into shares of Class A Common Stock; and provided
further, that the total number of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable
upon conversion of the Class B Common Stock shall not exceed 3% of the
total shares of common stock outstanding prior to completion of an initial
public offering of Opteum's Class A Common Stock. Opteum's Class A
Common Stock has a book value per share of $10.33 at December 31, 2005.
Class C
Common Stock
No
dividends will be paid on the Class C Common Stock. Holders of shares of
Class C Common Stock are not entitled to vote on any matter submitted to a
vote of stockholders, including the election of directors, except that any
matters that would adversely affect the rights and privileges of the
Class C Common Stock as a separate class shall require the approval of a
majority of the Class C Common Stock.
Each
share of Class C Common Stock shall automatically be converted into one
share of Class A Common Stock on the first day of the fiscal quarter
following the fiscal quarter during which the Company's Board of Directors
were
notified that, as of the end of such fiscal quarter, the stockholders' equity
attributable to the Class A Common Stock, calculated on a pro forma basis
as if conversion of the Class C Common Stock had occurred and giving effect
to the conversion of all of the shares of Class B Common Stock as of such
date, and otherwise determined in accordance with GAAP, equals no less than
$15.00 per share (adjusted equitably for any stock splits, stock combinations,
stock dividends or the like); provided, that the number of shares of
Class C Common Stock to be converted into Class A Common Stock shall
not exceed an amount that will cause the stockholders' equity attributable
to
the Class A Common Stock calculated as set forth above to be less than
$15.00 per share; and provided further, that such conversions shall continue
to
occur until all shares of Class C Common Stock have been converted into
shares of Class A Common Stock and provided further, that the total number
of shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the
Class C Common Stock shall not exceed 3% of the total shares of common
stock outstanding prior to completion of an initial public offering of Opteum's
Class A Common Stock. Opteum's Class A Common Stock has a book value
per share of $10.33 at December 31, 2005.
Initial
Capitalization
The
three
initial independent directors of the Company's Board of Directors subscribed
for
a total of 7,500 shares of Class A Common Stock in October 2003 at par
value, or a price of $0.001 per share. Compensation totaling $28 was recorded
as
a result of this issuance. See below for a description of additional
Class A Common Stock issuances.
Of
the
1,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock authorized for issuance, 319,388
shares were issued to Opteum's initial officers, Jeffrey J. Zimmer and Robert
E.
Cauley, in October 2003 for a total price of $1,500. Of the 1,000,000
shares of Class C Common Stock authorized for issuance, 319,388 shares were
subscribed to by Flagstone Securities, LLC in October 2003 at par value, or
a price of $0.001 per share. Compensation totaling $1,181 was recorded as
a
result of this issuance.
95
Issuances
of Common Stock
On
December 11, 2003, Opteum began a private placement offering (the
"Offering") of up to 10,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at a price
to the investors of $15.00 per share. On December 19, 2003, Opteum
completed a first closing, in which Opteum issued 4,004,602 shares and received
proceeds of $56,598,732, which is net of placement agency fees and expenses
totaling $3,350,297. On January 30, 2004, the Offering was closed, and
Opteum issued an additional 5,837,055 shares and received proceeds of
$82,864,346, which is net of placement agency fees and expenses totaling
$4,691,479.
On
February 17, 2004, Opteum issued a total of 158,343 shares of Class A
Common Stock in a private offering and received proceeds of $2,248,471, which
is
net of placement agency fees and expenses totaling $126,674.
On
September 21, 2004, Opteum issued a total of 5,000,000 shares of
Class A Common Stock in an initial public offering and, on
September 24, 2004 issued 750,000 shares of Class A Common Stock
pursuant to the exercise of an over allotment option by the underwriters.
Proceeds of $75,881,557, which is net of underwriter fees and expenses totaling
$7,481,136 were received by Opteum.
On
December 16, 2004, Opteum issued a total of 4,000,000 shares of
Class A Common Stock in a secondary public offering and, on
December 17, 2004 issued 600,000 shares of Class A Common Stock
pursuant to the exercise of an over allotment option by the underwriters.
Proceeds of $66,679,375, which is net of underwriter fees and expenses totaling
$4,620,625 were received by Opteum.
During
2004, Opteum issued a total of 11,415 shares of Class A Common Stock to its
directors for the payment of director fees. The compensation charges for
these
issuances were recorded at the respective fair-values at the date of each
issuance in accordance with SFAS No. 123. Total compensation charges
related to these issuances was $174,386 for the year ended December 31,
2004.
During
2005, Opteum issued a total of 27,800 shares of Class A Common Stock to its
directors for the payment of director fees. The compensation charges for
these
issuances were recorded at the respective fair-values at the date of each
issuance in accordance with SFAS No. 123. Total compensation charges
related to these issuances was $357,843 for the year ended December 31,
2005.
During
2005, Opteum issued 3,717,242 shares of its Class A Common Stock in connection
with an acquisition (see Note 2). Also, a total of 14,667 shares of Class
A
Common Stock were issued in connection with Opteum’s stock-based compensation
plans.
Dividends
On
March
9, 2005, the Company's Board of Directors declared a $0.53 per share cash
distribution to holders of its Class A Common Stock. Dividends were payable
on 20,374,883 shares of Class A Common Stock, 516,961 phantom shares
granted under the Company's stock incentive plan (see Note 14) and 319,388
shares of Class B Common Stock. The distribution totaling $11,241,953 was
paid on April 8, 2005.
On
May
31, 2005, the Company's Board of Directors declared a $0.40 per share cash
distribution to holders of its Class A Common Stock. Dividends were payable
on 20,385,936 shares of Class A Common Stock, 512,072 phantom shares
granted under the Company's stock incentive plan (see Note 14) and 319,388
shares of Class B Common Stock. The distribution totaling $8,486,958 was
paid on July 8, 2005.
On
August 24, 2005, the Company's Board of Directors declared a $0.38 per
share cash distribution to holders of its Class A Common Stock. Dividends
were payable on 20,397,210 shares of Class A Common Stock, 504,675 phantom
shares granted under the Company's stock incentive plan (see Note 14) and
319,388 shares of Class B Common Stock. The distribution totaling
$8,064,084 was paid on October 7, 2005.
On
November 30, 2005, the Company's Board of Directors declared a $0.14 per
share cash distribution to holders of its Class A Common Stock. Dividends
were payable on 23,819,222 shares of Class A Common Stock, 499,786 phantom
shares granted under the Company's stock incentive plan (see Note 14) and
319,388 shares of Class B Common Stock. The distribution totaling
$3,449,375 was paid on December 29, 2005.
On
March 11, 2004, the Company's Board of Directors declared a $0.39 per share
cash distribution to holders of its Class A Common Stock, totaling
$3,903,569. The distribution was paid on April 23, 2004.
96
On
June 2, 2004, the Company's Board of Directors declared a $0.52 per share
cash distribution to holders of its Class A Common Stock. Dividends payable
on the 10,012,188 shares of Class A common stock outstanding total
$5,206,338. Including the dividends paid on the 313,600 phantom shares granted
under the Company's stock incentive plan (see Note 7), the distribution
totaled $5,369,410. The distribution was paid on July 9, 2004.
On
August 24, 2004, the Company's Board of Directors declared a $0.52 per
share cash distribution to holders of its Class A Common Stock. Dividends
were payable on 10,015,656 shares of Class A Common Stock, 313,600 phantom
shares granted under the Company's stock incentive plan (see Note 7) and
319,388 shares of Class B Common Stock. The distribution totaling
$5,537,295 was paid on October 8, 2004.
On
November 30, 2004, the Company's Board of Directors declared a $0.54 per
share cash distribution to holders of its Class A Common Stock. Dividends
were payable on 15,768,915 shares of Class A Common Stock, 313,600 phantom
shares granted under the Company's stock incentive plan (see Note 7) and
319,388 shares of Class B Common Stock. The distribution totaling
$8,857,029 was paid on December 29, 2004.
Preferred
Stock
General
The
Company's Board of Directors has the authority to classify any unissued shares
of preferred stock and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued
shares of any series of preferred stock previously authorized by the Board
of
Directors. Prior to issuance of shares of each class or series of preferred
stock, the Board of Directors is required by the Company’s charter to fix the
terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions,
limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms
or
conditions of redemption for each such class or series.
Classified
and Designated Shares
Pursuant
to the Company’s supplementary amendment of its charter, effective
November 3, 2005, and by resolutions adopted on September 29, 2005,
the Company’s Board of Directors classified and designated 1,800,000 shares of
the authorized but unissued preferred stock, $0.001 par value, as Class A
Redeemable Preferred Stock and 2,000,000 shares of the authorized but unissued
preferred stock as Class B Redeemable Preferred Stock.
Class A
Redeemable Preferred Stock and Class B Redeemable Preferred Stock
The
Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock and Class B Redeemable Preferred
Stock rank equal to each other and shall have the same preferences, rights,
voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other
distributions, qualifications and terms; provided, however that the redemption
provisions of the Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock and the Class B
Redeemable Preferred Stock differ. Each outstanding share of Class A
Redeemable Preferred Stock and Class B Redeemable Preferred Stock shall
have one-fifth of a vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders
(or
such lesser fraction of a vote as would be required to comply with the rules
and
regulations of the NYSE relating to our right to issue securities without
obtaining a stockholder vote). Holders of shares of preferred stock shall
vote
together with holders of shares of common stock as one class in all matters
that
would be subject to a vote of stockholders.
If
the
Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock has not been converted into Class A
Common Stock on or before December 31, 2009, then a holder of Class A
Redeemable Preferred Stock shall have the right to have his or her shares
of
Class A Redeemable Preferred stock redeemed in whole or in part at any time
and from time to time, at a redemption price per share equal to $24.00 plus
all
dividends declared and unpaid on such shares to the date of such redemption,
subject to certain limitations.
Shares
of
the Class B Redeemable Preferred Stock are not redeemable prior to the date
that is five years from the date of the issuance of such shares (except in
connection with a merger transaction, as defined in our amended charter).
On or
after the date that is five years from the date of issuance, a holder of
Class B Redeemable Preferred Stock can redeem his or her shares of
Class B Redeemable Preferred Stock in whole or in part at any time and from
time to time at a redemption price per share equal to the average daily closing
price for the Class A Common Stock on the NYSE for the ten trading day period
ending on the trading day immediately preceding the date of issuance of such
Class B Redeemable Preferred Stock, plus all dividends declared and unpaid
on such Class B Redeemable Preferred Stock from the date of the original
issuance of such stock to the date of such redemption.
Holders
of shares of Opteum’s preferred stock cannot receive or accrue dividend payments
prior to January 1, 2006. After January 1, 2006 and prior to
March 31, 2006, holders of the preferred stock are entitled to receive
dividends according to the formula described in the Company’s amended charter.
On or after March 31, 2006, holders of shares of the preferred stock are
entitled to receive dividends in the same amount and at the same times as
dividends are paid on each share of Class A Common Stock if, as and when
authorized and declared by our Board of Directors.
97
Conversion
and Redemption of the Preferred Stock
Pursuant
to Opteum’s amended charter, the shares of the Class A Redeemable Preferred
Stock and Class B Redeemable Preferred Stock will convert into shares of
shares of Class A Common Stock at such time as such conversion is approved
by the requisite number of stockholders.
If
there
is a merger transaction without first converting the Class A Redeemable
Preferred Stock into Class A Common Stock in accordance with the provisions
of our amended charter, the Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock shall
automatically be redeemed by Opteum at a redemption price per share in cash
equal to $31.50 plus all declared and unpaid dividends.
Issuances
of Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock
On
November 3, 2005, pursuant to an acquisition (see Note 2), Opteum issued
1,223,208 shares of Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock (net of returned
shares). No shares of the Class B Redeemable Preferred Stock have been issued
as
of December 31, 2005.
Liquidation
Rights
As
used
herein, the term "Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock Per Share Preference
Amount" shall mean $24.00, adjusted equitably for any stock splits, stock
combinations, stock dividends or the like.
In
the event of any involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the
Company, after payment or adequate provision for all known debts and
liabilities, and subject to the preferential rights of the holders of any
stock
senior to Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock, liquidation proceeds shall be
allocated to the holders of Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock or to
holders of stock on parity with Class A Redeemable Preferred
Stock.
Whenever
funds are insufficient to pay in full the applicable Class A Redeemable
Preferred Stock Per Share Preference Amount, the available funds shall be
allocated ratably among the holders of Class A Redeemable Preferred Stock
and to holders of stock on parity with such stock.
Ownership
Limitations
Opteum’s
amended charter, subject to certain exceptions, contains certain restrictions
on
the number of shares of stock that a person may own. Opteum’s amended charter
contains a stock ownership limit that prohibits any person from acquiring
or
holding, directly or indirectly, applying attribution rules under the Code,
shares of stock in excess of 9.8% of the total number or value of the
outstanding shares of Opteum’s common stock, whichever is more restrictive, or
Opteum’s stock in the aggregate. Opteum’s amended charter further prohibits
(i) any person from beneficially or constructively owning shares of
Opteum’s stock that would result in Opteum being "closely held" under
Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause Opteum to fail to qualify as
a REIT, and (ii) any person from transferring shares of Opteum’s stock if
such transfer would result in shares of Opteum’s stock being owned by fewer than
100 persons. Opteum’s board of directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt a
person from the stock ownership limit. However, Opteum’s board of directors may
not grant such an exemption to any person whose ownership, direct or indirect,
of an excess of 9.8% of the number or value of the outstanding shares of
Opteum’s stock (whichever is more restrictive) would result in Opteum being
"closely held" within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code or
otherwise would result in failing to qualify as a REIT. The person seeking
an
exemption must represent to the satisfaction of Opteum’s board of directors that
it will not violate the aforementioned restriction. The person also must
agree
that any violation or attempted violation of any of the foregoing restrictions
will result in the automatic transfer of the shares of stock causing such
violation to the trust (as defined below). Opteum’s board of directors may
require a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel, in either case in
form
and substance satisfactory to Opteum’s board of directors in its sole
discretion, to determine or ensure Opteum’s qualification as a
REIT.
Any
person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial or constructive
ownership of shares of Opteum’s stock that will or may violate any of the
foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership, or any person who
would
have owned shares of Opteum’s stock that resulted in a transfer of shares to the
trust in the manner described below, will be required to give notice immediately
to Opteum and provide Opteum with such other information as Opteum may request
in order to determine the effect of such transfer on us.
98
If
any
transfer of shares of Opteum’s stock occurs which, if effective, would result in
any person beneficially or constructively owning shares of Opteum’s stock in
excess or in violation of the above transfer or ownership limitations, then
that
number of shares of Opteum’s stock the beneficial or constructive ownership of
which otherwise would cause such person to violate such limitations (rounded
to
the nearest whole share) shall be automatically transferred to a trust for
the
exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries, and the prohibited
owner shall not acquire any rights in such shares. Such automatic transfer
shall
be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the business day
prior
to the date of such violative transfer. Shares of stock held in the trust
shall
be issued and outstanding shares of Opteum’s stock. The prohibited owner shall
not benefit economically from ownership of any shares of stock held in the
trust, shall have no rights to dividends and shall not possess any rights
to
vote or other rights attributable to the shares of stock held in the trust.
The
trustee of the trust shall have all voting rights and rights to dividends
or
other distributions with respect to shares of stock held in the trust, which
rights shall be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the charitable
beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to the discovery
by
Opteum that shares of stock have been transferred to the trustee shall be
paid
by the recipient of such dividend or distribution to the trustee upon demand,
and any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid shall be paid
when
due to the trustee. Any dividend or distribution so paid to the trustee shall
be
held in trust for the charitable beneficiary. The prohibited owner shall
have no
voting rights with respect to shares of stock held in the trust and, subject
to
Maryland law, effective as of the date that such shares of stock have been
transferred to the trust, the trustee shall have the authority (at the trustee's
sole discretion) (i) to rescind as void any vote cast by a prohibited owner
prior to the discovery by Opteum that such shares have been transferred to
the
trust, and (ii) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the
trustee acting for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary. However, if
Opteum
has already taken irreversible corporate action, then the trustee shall not
have
the authority to rescind and recast such vote.
Within
20 days after receiving notice from Opteum that shares of Opteum’s stock
have been transferred to the trust, the trustee shall sell the shares of
stock
held in the trust to a person, whose ownership of the shares will not violate
any of the ownership limitations set forth in Opteum’s amended charter. Upon
such sale, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold
shall
terminate and the trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to
the
prohibited owner and to the charitable beneficiary as follows. The prohibited
owner shall receive the lesser of (i) the price paid by the prohibited
owner for the shares or, if the prohibited owner did not give value for the
shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the
trust
(e.g., a gift, devise or other such transaction), the market price, as defined
in Opteum’s amended charter, of such shares on the day of the event causing the
shares to be held in the trust and (ii) the price per share received by the
trustee from the sale or other disposition of the shares held in the trust,
in
each case reduced by the costs incurred to enforce the ownership limits as
to
the shares in question. Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable
to
the prohibited owner shall be paid immediately to the charitable beneficiary.
If, prior to the discovery by Opteum that shares of Opteum’s stock have been
transferred to the trust, such shares are sold by a prohibited owner, then
(i) such shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the trust
and (ii) to the extent that the prohibited owner received an amount for
such shares that exceeds the amount that such prohibited owner was entitled
to
receive pursuant to the aforementioned requirement, such excess shall be
paid to
the trustee upon demand.
Pursuant
to a letter dated November 2, 2006 from the Company to Mr. Norden, the Alyssa
Blake Norden Trust of 1993, the Michael Jared Norden Trust of 1993 and the
Amy
Suzanne Trust of 1993, and based on representations from such persons, the
Company increased the ownership limit for the foregoing stockholders to ensure
that they would be able to acquire and own the shares of Company Class A
Common
Stock and Class A Preferred issued to them in connection with the Company's
acquisition of OFS. The Company also agreed to monitor its outstanding share
ownership, including the extent to which it repurchases its stock, and to
use
its best efforts to enable the foregoing stockholders to be able to acquire
and
own any additional Company shares issuable to them in connection with the
Company's acquisition of OFS, as well as any Company shares issuable to Mr.
Norden pursuant to any present or future employment or other compensation
agreement between the Company and Mr. Norden, in each case, with respect
to the
Company's ownership limits.
In
addition, shares of Opteum’s stock held in the trust shall be deemed to have
been offered for sale to us, or Opteum’s designee, at a price per share equal to
the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in
such transfer to the trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the market
price at the time of such devise or gift) and (ii) the market price on the
date Opteum, or Opteum’s designee, accept such offer. Opteum shall have the
right to accept such offer until the trustee has sold the shares of stock
held
in the trust. Upon such a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary
in the shares sold shall terminate and the trustee shall distribute the net
proceeds of the sale to the prohibited owner.
All
certificates representing shares of Opteum’s common stock and preferred stock,
if issued, will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described
above.
99
Every
record holder of 0.5% or more (or such other percentage as required by the
Internal Revenue Code and the related Treasury regulations) of all classes
or
series of Opteum’s stock, including shares of Opteum’s common stock on any
dividend record date during each taxable year, within 30 days after the end
of the taxable year, shall be required to give written notice to Opteum stating
the name and address of such record holder, the number of shares of each
class
and series of Opteum’s stock which the record holder beneficially owns and a
description of the manner in which such shares are held. Each such record
holder
shall provide to Opteum such additional information as Opteum may request
in
order to determine the effect, if any, of such beneficial ownership on Opteum’s
qualification as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the stock ownership
limits. In addition, each record holder shall upon demand be required to
provide
to Opteum such information as Opteum may reasonably request in order to
determine Opteum’s qualification as a REIT and to comply with the requirements
of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such
compliance. Opteum may request such information after every sale, disposition
or
transfer of Opteum’s common stock prior to the date a registration statement for
such stock becomes effective.
These
ownership limits could delay, defer or prevent a change in control or other
transaction of Opteum that might involve a premium price for the Class A
Common Stock or otherwise be in the best interest of the
stockholders.
NOTE
13. TRANSACTIONS
WITH RELATED PARTIES
Transactions
with Stockholders
During
the period from September 24, 2003 (date of inception) through
December 19, 2003, Opteum's start-up activities were being fully paid for
and supported by Opteum's President and Chief Executive Officer, Jeffrey
J.
Zimmer. Mr. Zimmer was also a Class B stockholder during this period
of time. On December 19, 2003, at the initial closing of the Offering,
Opteum reimbursed the CEO $247,980 for these costs, which were recorded
primarily as property and equipment and operating expenses.
The
entire issuance of Class C Common Stock was purchased by Flagstone
Securities, LLC. Flagstone was the placement agent for Opteum's Class A
Common Stock private placement offerings, and pursuant to the terms of the
offerings, received fees for its services. Through December 31, 2003,
Flagstone had received $2,943,042 in fees from the Offering, and Flagstone
received an additional $4,747,517 from the proceeds of the Offerings that
closed
in January and February 2004. Flagstone was the lead underwriter for
Opteum's Class A Common Stock initial public offering and pursuant to the
terms of the offering, received fees of $5,836,250 in connection with the
sale
of Class A Common Stock in the initial public offering, including shares
issued in the exercise of the underwriters' over allotment option. Flagstone
was
also the lead underwriter for Opteum's additional Class A Common Stock
public offering and pursuant to the terms of the offering, received fees
of
$4,278,000 in connection with the sale of Class A Common Stock in the
secondary public offering, including shares issued in the exercise of the
underwriters' over allotment option. During 2005 Flagstone received fees
of
$15,000 in connection with the acquisition of OFS.
Employment
Agreements
Opteum
entered into employment agreements with Opteum's initial officers, Jeffrey
J.
Zimmer and Robert E. Cauley, in 2003. The employment agreements provide for
Mr. Zimmer to serve as President and Chief Executive Officer and
Mr. Cauley to serve as Chief Investment Officer and Chief Financial
Officer. Messrs. Zimmer and Cauley's employment agreements were amended and
restated in 2004. The amended and restated agreements extend the term of
the
agreements to April 2007 and provide that on September 16, 2004, when
the registration statement for Opteum's Class A Common Shares became
effective that Mr. Zimmer's annual base salary increased to $400,000 and
Mr. Cauley's annual base salary increased to $267,500.
Upon
the
termination of an executive officer's employment either by the Company without
"cause" or by the executive officer for "good reason" or by the executive
officer for any reason within three months after a "change of control," the
executive officer will be entitled to the following severance payments and
benefits, subject to his execution and non-revocation of a general release
of
claims: lump-sum cash payment equal to 300% of the sum of his then-current
annual base salary plus average bonus over the prior three years; his prorated
annual bonus for the year in which the termination occurs; all stock options
held by the executive officer will become fully exercisable and will continue
to
be exercisable for their full terms and all restricted stock held by such
executive officer will become fully vested; health benefits for three years
following the executive officer's termination of employment at no cost to
the
executive officer, subject to reduction to the extent that the executive
officer
receives comparable benefits from a subsequent employer; and outplacement
services at Company expense.
100
Each
of
Messrs. Zimmer and Cauley is bound by a non-competition covenant for so
long as he is an officer of Opteum and for a one-year period thereafter,
unless
his employment is terminated by Opteum without "cause" or by him with "good
reason" (in each case, as defined in his employment agreement) or by him
for any
reason after a "change in control" (as defined in his employment agreement)
of
the Company, in which case his covenant not to compete will lapse on the
date of
his termination.
OFS
has
an employment agreement with Peter Norden to serve as Chief Executive Officer
and President of OFS and Senior Executive Vice President of Opteum. The
employment agreement requires Mr. Norden to devote substantially full-time
attention and time to OFS’s and Opteum’s affairs, but also permit him to devote
time to his outside business interests. The employment agreement terminates
in
September 2008; provided, however, that the term shall automatically be extended
for one-year periods unless, not later than three months prior to the
termination of the existing term, either party provides written notice to
the
other party of its intent not to further extend the term. The employment
agreement provide for an annual base salary of $750,000 and an annual
non-discretionary bonus of $750,000 payable in four equal
installments.
Upon
the
termination of Mr. Norden’s employment either by OFS for “cause” or by the
executive officer without “good reason” during the term of his employment
agreement, Mr. Norden will be entitled to receive his base salary and bonus
accrued through the date of termination of his employment.
Upon
the
termination of an executive officer’s employment either by the OFS without cause
or by the executive officer for good reason, Mr. Norden will be entitled
under
his employment agreement to the following severance payments and benefits,
subject to his execution and non-revocation of a general release of
claims:
§
|
lump-sum
cash payment equal to 250% of the sum of his then-current annual
base
salary plus non-discretionary
bonus;
|
§
|
health
benefits for three years following the termination of employment
at no
cost to the Mr. Norden, subject to reduction to the extent that
the Mr.
Norden receives comparable benefits from a subsequent employer;
and
|
§
|
outplacement
services at the Company’s expense.
|
The
employment agreement also contain confidentiality provisions that apply
indefinitely and non-compete provisions that include covenants not to:
(i) conduct, directly or indirectly, any business involving mortgage REITs
without the consent of Opteum’s Chief Executive Officer, whether such business
is conducted by him individually or as principal, partner, officer, director,
consultant, employee, stockholder or manager of any person, partnership,
corporation, limited liability company or any other entity; or (ii) own
interests in any entity that is competitive, directly or indirectly, with
any
business carried on by OFS or its successors, subsidiaries and affiliates,
with
some exceptions.
Mr.
Norden is bound by his non-competition covenant for so long as he is an officer
of the OFS and for a two-year period thereafter, unless his employment is
terminated by OFS without cause or by him with good reason (in each case,
as
defined in his employment agreement), in which case his covenant not to compete
will lapse on the date of his termination.
Other
In
January 2005, the four independent directors received a total of 5,968
shares of Class A Common Stock, valued at $92,027, as compensation for
their activities as directors. In April 2005, the four independent
directors received a total of 6,164 shares of Class A Common Stock, valued
at $84,015, as compensation for their activities as directors. In
July 2005, the four independent directors received a total of 5,967 shares
of Class A Common Stock, valued at $84,015, as compensation for their
activities as directors. In October 2005, the four independent directors
received a total of 8,481 shares of Class A Common Stock, valued at
$85,488, as compensation for their activities as directors. In November 2005,
a
new independent director was added to the Board of Directors and was issued
1,220 shares of Class A Common Stock, valued at $ 12,298, as compensation
for
his activities as a director.
One
of
the Company's directors, Mr. Buford Ortale, was previously a Managing
Director in the Investment Banking Group at Avondale Partners, LLC ("Avondale"),
one of the placement agents for Opteum's Offering that was completed in
January 2004. Mr. Ortale has a continuing affiliation with Avondale
pursuant to which he receives compensation from investment banking fees earned
by Avondale on transactions referred to Avondale by Mr. Ortale.
Mr. Ortale has been paid $360,000 from Avondale for referring Opteum to
Avondale.
101
OFS
has a
subordinated promissory agreement with Opteum for borrowings in the amount
of
$65.0 million at December 31, 2005. The note bears an annual interest rate
of
11%. This promissory agreement matures on November 1, 2015. Interest accrued
at
December 31, 2005 was $1,116,575. These amounts are eliminated during the
process of preparing consolidated financial statements for the Company. A
portion of these loan proceeds were used to repay $18.3 million of debt to
the
former OFS owners immediately after the closing of the merger
transaction.
NOTE
14. STOCK
INCENTIVE PLAN
On
December 1, 2003, Opteum adopted the 2003 Long Term Incentive Compensation
Plan (the “2003 Plan”) to provide Opteum with the flexibility to use stock
options and other awards as part of an overall compensation package to provide
a
means of performance-based compensation to attract and retain qualified
personnel. The 2003 Plan was amended and restated in March 2004. Key
employees, directors and consultants are eligible to be granted stock options,
restricted stock, phantom shares, dividend equivalent rights and other
stock-based awards under the 2003 Plan. Subject to adjustment upon certain
corporate transactions or events, a maximum of 4,000,000 shares of the Class
A
Common Stock (but not more than 10% of the Class A Common Stock outstanding
on
the date of grant) may be subject to stock options, shares of restricted
stock,
phantom shares and dividend equivalent rights under the 2003 Plan. An initial
grant of 313,600 phantom shares was made in June 2004.
During
the year ended December 31, 2005, Opteum granted 204,861 phantom shares to
employees. Each phantom share represents a right to receive a share of Opteum’s
Class A Common Stock. Dividend equivalent rights were also granted on
203,361 of these phantom shares; the remaining 1,500 phantom shares are not
entitled to receive dividend equivalent rights until they vest.
Phantom
share awards are valued at the fair value of Opteum’s Class A Common Stock
at the date of the grant. The total grant date value of all awards is $7,822,313
and the grant date value of awards granted in 2005 is $3,118,313. The phantom
awards do not have an exercise price. The grant date value is being amortized
to
compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of
the
respective award. The phantom shares vest, based on the employees’
continuing employment, following a schedule as provided in the grant
agreements, for periods through November 15, 2008.
As
of
December 31, 2005, a total of 518,461 phantom stock awards have been granted
since the inception of the 2003 Plan, however 2,090 shares were forfeited
during
2005 due to the termination of the grantee’s employment. Of the remaining
shares, 172,727 shares have fully vested and 343,644 shares remain
unvested. The future compensation charge that was eliminated by the
forfeiture totaled $31,852. No phantom share awards have expired. Of the
vested
shares, 15,085 were distributed to grantees during the year ended
December 31, 2005. As of December 31, 2005, 501,286 phantom shares
were outstanding. Total compensation cost recognized for the year ended
December 31, 2005 and 2004 was $2,130,132 and $745,756 respectively. Dividends
paid on phantom shares are charged to retained earnings when
declared.
NOTE
15. SAVINGS
INCENTIVE PLAN
Opteum’s
employees have the option to participate in the Bimini Mortgage Management
Inc.,
401K Plan (the “Plan”). Under the terms of the Plan, eligible employees can make
tax-deferred 401(k) contributions, and at Opteum’s sole discretion, Opteum can
match the employees’ contributions. For the period ended December 31, 2005,
Opteum made 401(k) matching contributions of $40,547.
OFS’s
employees have the option to participate in The Company Savings and Incentive
Plan (the “Plan”). Under the terms of the Plan, eligible employees can make
tax-deferred 401(k) contributions, and at the OFS’s sole discretion, OFS can
match the employees’ contributions as well as make annual profit-sharing
contributions to the Plan. For the period November 3, 2005 (date of merger)
through December 31, 2005, OFS made 401(k) matching contributions of
$40,956.
102
NOTE
16. OPERATING
LEASES
Certain
facilities and equipment are leased under short-term lease agreements expiring
at various dates through December 2012. All such leases are accounted for
as
operating leases.
Obligations
under non-cancelable operating leases which have an initial term of more
than a
year are as follows:
2006
|
$
|
5,422,465
|
2007
|
5,020,108
|
|
2008
|
3,655,990
|
|
2009
|
1,751,847
|
|
2010
|
1,046,334
|
|
Thereafter
|
695,561
|
|
$
|
17,592,305
|
Rental
expense for the year ended December 31, 2005 was $931,640, $52,458 for the
year
ended December 31, 2004 and $12,264 for the period ended December 31,
2003.
NOTE
17. COMMITMENTS
AND CONTINGENCIES
Loans
Sold to Investors.
Generally, OFS is not exposed to significant credit risk on its loans sold
to
investors. In the normal course of business, OFS provides certain
representations and warranties during the sale of mortgage loans which obligate
it to repurchase loans which are subsequently unable to be sold through the
normal investor channels. The repurchased loans are secured by the related
real
estate properties, and can usually be sold directly to other permanent
investors. There can be no assurance, however, that OFS will be able to recover
the repurchased loan value either through other investor channels or through
the
assumption of the secured real estate.
OFS
recognizes a liability for the estimated fair value of this obligation at
the
inception of each mortgage loan sale based on the anticipated repurchase
levels
and historical experience. The liability is recorded as a reduction of the
gain
on sale of mortgage loans and included as part of other liabilities in the
accompanying financial statements.
Changes
in the liability during 2005:
Balance—Beginning
of year
|
$
|
2,291,944
|
Provision
|
306,259
|
|
Charge-Offs
|
(560,223)
|
|
Balance—End
of year
|
$
|
2,037,980
|
Loan
Funding and Delivery Commitments.
At
December 31, 2005, OFS has commitments to fund loans approximating $
368,458,000. OFS hedges the interest rate risk of such commitments primarily
with mandatory delivery commitments. The remaining commitments to fund loans
with agreed-upon rates are anticipated to be sold through “best-efforts” and
investor programs. OFS does not anticipate any material losses from such
sales.
Net
Worth Requirements.
OFS is
required to maintain certain specified levels of minimum net worth to maintain
its approved status with Fannie Mae, HUD, and other investors. At December
31,
2005, the highest minimum net worth requirement applicable to OFS was
approximately $1,740,000.
Outstanding
Litigation.
OFS is
involved in litigation arising in the normal course of business. Although
the
amount of any ultimate liability arising from these matters cannot presently
be
determined, OFS does not anticipate that any such liability will have a material
effect on OFS’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.
NOTE
18. SEGMENTS
Opteum
follows SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures
about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information.” The
Company operates in two reportable segments: as a REIT, and as an originator
of
mortgage loans.
Certain
of our operations qualify as a REIT, under applicable provisions of the Code.
The REIT activities primarily involve Opteum investing in residential
mortgage-related securities. As a REIT, these activities are not subject
to
federal income tax on our net taxable income as long as the earnings from
REIT
activities are distributed to the stockholders.
On
November 3, 2005, Opteum acquired OFS. OFS is a mortgage lender that
originates loans. It offers retail and wholesale products including fixed-
and
adjustable-rate mortgages, 100% financing, interest-only products and home
loans
for the credit challenged. Opteum has 34 offices and lending in 44 states.
Goodwill associated with OFS was $2.1 million at December 31, 2005.
103
The
accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the
summary of significant accounting policies in Note 1. The Company evaluates
the performance of its REIT segment and mortgage origination business segment
results based on net income. Each of the business segments’ net income or loss
includes direct costs incurred at each segment’s operating level, plus a minimal
amount of allocated corporate-level expenses.
The
following table shows year 2005 summarized financial information concerning
the
Company’s reportable segments.
(Amounts
in thousands)
|
REIT
|
OFS
(1)
|
TOTAL
|
|||
Net
interest income
|
$
|
35,885
|
$
|
1,097
|
$
|
36,982
|
Other
revenues, net
|
1,993
|
2,318
|
4,311
|
|||
Inter-segment
interest income
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|||
Income
(loss) before income taxes
|
30,914
|
(10,851)
|
20,063
|
|||
Other
interest expense
|
-
|
1,093
|
1,093
|
|||
Depreciation
and amortization
|
347
|
495
|
842
|
|||
Income
tax expense (benefit)
|
-
|
(4,220)
|
(4,220)
|
|||
Total
assets
|
3,666,257
|
1,138,844
|
4,805,101
|
|||
Capital
expenditures
|
3,803
|
869
|
4,672
|
(1) Figures
reflect the elimination of inter-company transactions between Opteum and
OFS.
The
following information is needed to reconcile the segment amounts to the total
information, which agrees to the amounts shown in the accompanying consolidated
financial statements. During
the consolidation process, loans receivable totaling $65.0 million, and the
related interest income and accrued interest, which are recorded on Opteum’s
segment financial statements, are eliminated against corresponding liabilities
and expenses recorded on OFS’s segment financial statements. The interest income
related to these loans is reported above as inter-segment interest income.
There
were no inter-segment gross revenues during the period ended December 31,
2005,
except for this interest, and therefore all other revenues were from external
sources.
No
single
customer
accounted for more than 10% of revenues at OFS. For the REIT activities,
approximately 97.3% of the interest income was derived from MBS issued by
U.S.
Government agencies.
For
the
year ended December 31, 2004, and for the Company’s initial period ended
December 31, 2003, the Company’s sole activities were as a REIT. Therefore
segment disclosures are the same as reported in the accompanying consolidated
financial statements for those periods.
NOTE
19. INCOME
TAXES
Year
2004 and 2003
Opteum
recorded a deferred tax asset generated by the net operating loss for its
initial period of operation from September 24, 2003 (date of inception) to
December 31, 2003. This net operating loss was offset by a full valuation
allowance, as management believed, pursuant to the REIT qualification of
Opteum,
that it was not likely that the loss would be utilized in the future to offset
taxes payable. There is no tax provision included for the year ended
December 31, 2004, as Opteum had satisfied the REIT taxation requirements
for 2004. The net operating loss carryover from 2003 was fully applied against
taxable net income in 2004 and 2005 and is now zero at December 31,
2005
Year
2005
As
more
fully described in Note 2, Opteum acquired OFS on November 3, 2005. OFS is
a
TRS, which is a taxpaying entity for income tax purposes, and is taxed
separately from Opteum. At the date of acquisition, OFS recorded net a deferred
tax liability of approximately $22.6 million related to the difference in
the
carrying amount and the tax basis of the originated mortgage servicing rights
at
the date of the business combination, among other items. The tax impacts
of OFS
are included in the schedules below for its operating activities from November
3, 2005 through December 31, 2005.
104
Income
taxes were as follows for the year ended December 31, 2005 (amounts in
thousands):
Deferred
income tax benefit:
|
||
Federal
|
$
|
3,797
|
State
|
423
|
|
Total
income tax benefit
|
$
|
4,220
|
The
effective income taxes (benefit) for the year ended December 31, 2005 differ
from the amount determined by applying the statutory federal rate of 35%
to
income before income tax as follows (amounts in thousands):
Net
income, if taxed at the federal tax rate
|
$
|
6,994
|
Exclusion
of REIT taxable income
|
(10,792)
|
|
Permanent
tax differences
|
1
|
|
State
tax benefit, net of federal tax effect
|
(423)
|
|
Total
income tax benefit
|
$
|
(4,220)
|
The
tax
affected cumulative temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax
assets
and liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2005 are as follows (amounts
in
thousands):
Deferred
tax assets:
|
||
Federal
tax loss carryforward
|
$
|
2,322
|
State
tax loss carryforward
|
423
|
|
Mark-to-market
adjustments
|
1,158
|
|
Total
gross deferred tax assets
|
$
|
3,903
|
Deferred
tax liabilities:
|
||
Capitalized
cost of mortgage servicing rights
|
18,436
|
|
Loan
origination amounts
|
2,138
|
|
Intangible
assets
|
1,690
|
|
Total
gross deferred tax liabilities
|
$
|
22,264
|
Net
deferred tax liabilities
|
$
|
18,361
|
Management
believes that the deferred tax asset will more likely than not be realized
due
to the reversal of the deferred tax liability and expected future taxable
income. As of December 31, 2005, the TRS had an estimated federal tax net
operating loss carryforward of $7.1 million, which expires in 2025, and is
fully
available to offset future taxable income.
Tax
differences on REIT income
Taxable
net income, as generated by Opteum’s qualifying REIT activities, is computed
differently from Opteum’s financial statement net income from REIT activities as
computed in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Depending
on the number and size of the various items or transactions being accounted
for
differently, the differences between Opteum’s taxable net income and Opteum’s
financial statement net income from REIT activities can be substantial, and
each
item can affect several years. Opteum's most significant items and transactions
currently being accounted for differently from REIT activities include
restricted stock awards, depreciation of property and equipment, and the
accounting for debt issuance costs.
For
the
year 2005, Opteum's taxable net income was $2.1 million greater than Opteum's
financial statement net income from REIT activities. The most significant
portion of this amount, $2.0 million, is attributable to the phantom stock
awards, and the future deduction of this amount against taxable net income
is
uncertain both as to the year (as the timing of the tax impact of each
restricted stock award is up to each employee who has received a grant) and
as
to the amount (the amount of the tax impact is measured at the fair value
of the
shares as of a future date, and this amount may be greater than or less than
the
financial statement deduction already taken by Opteum).
For
the
year 2004, Opteum's taxable net income was $0.8 million greater than Opteum's
financial statement net income from REIT activities. Of this amount, $0.7
million is attributable to the phantom stock awards. Since inception through
December 31, 2005, Opteum's taxable net income, as reported on its tax
returns, is $3.0 million greater than Opteum's financial statement net income
from REIT activities as reported in its financial statements.
105
NOTE
20. SUMMARIZED
QUARTERLY RESULTS (UNAUDITED)
The
following is a presentation of the quarterly results of operations for the
year
ended December 31, 2005 (amounts in thousands, except per share
data).
March
31, 2005
|
June
30, 2005
|
September
30, 2005
|
December
31, 2005
|
|||||
Interest
income
|
$
|
31,070
|
$
|
36,749
|
$
|
43,574
|
$
|
49,248
|
Interest
expense
|
(19,842)
|
(26,453)
|
(33,509)
|
(43,854)
|
||||
Net
interest income
|
11,228
|
10,296
|
10,065
|
5,394
|
||||
Net
gain on sales of mortgage-backed securities
|
1,982
|
-
|
11
|
-
|
||||
Direct
operating expenses
|
590
|
284
|
299
|
109
|
||||
General
and administrative expenses
|
1,713
|
1,793
|
1,902
|
14,828
|
||||
Net
income
|
$
|
10,907
|
$
|
$8,219
|
$
|
7,875
|
$
|
(2,718)
|
Net
income per Class A Common Share—Basic and Diluted
|
$
|
0.52
|
$
|
0.39
|
$
|
0.37
|
$
|
(0.12)
|
Net
income per Class B Common Share—Basic and Diluted
|
$
|
0.51
|
$
|
0.39
|
$
|
0.37
|
$
|
(0.11)
|
Weighted
average number of Class A common shares outstanding—Basic and
Diluted
|
20,796
|
20,897
|
20,901
|
23,073
|
||||
Weighted
average number of Class B common shares outstanding—Basic and
Diluted
|
319
|
319
|
319
|
319
|
The
following is a presentation of the quarterly results of operations for the
year
ended December 31, 2004 (amounts in thousands, except per share data).
March
31, 2004
|
June
30, 2004
|
September
30, 2004
|
December
31, 2004
|
|||||
Interest
income
|
$
|
7,194
|
$
|
10,959
|
$
|
11,017
|
$
|
20,463
|
Interest
expense
|
2,736
|
4,344
|
4,253
|
10,824
|
||||
Net
interest income
|
4,458
|
6,615
|
6,764
|
9,639
|
||||
Net
gain on sales of mortgage-backed securities
|
—
|
—
|
122
|
(26)
|
||||
Direct
operating expenses
|
226
|
280
|
328
|
374
|
||||
General
and administrative expenses
|
288
|
768
|
812
|
1,638
|
||||
Net
income
|
$
|
3,944
|
$
|
5,567
|
$
|
5,746
|
$
|
7,601
|
Net
income per Class A Common Share—Basic and Diluted
|
$
|
0.49
|
$
|
0.56
|
$
|
0.51
|
$
|
0.44
|
Net
income per Class B Common Share—Basic and Diluted
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
0.53
|
0.46
|
||||
Weighted
average number of Class A common shares outstanding—Basic and
Diluted
|
8,001
|
10,012
|
10,867
|
16,825
|
||||
Weighted
average number of Class B common shares outstanding—Basic and
Diluted
|
—
|
—
|
319
|
319
|
106
I
TEM
9. Changes
In And Disagreements With Accountants On Accounting And Financial
Disclosure
None.
ITEM
9A. Controls
And Procedures
See
Management’s Report on Internal Control on page 69.
ITEM
9B. Other
Information
None.
PART
III
ITEM
10. Directors And Executive Officers Of The Registrant
The
information regarding the Company's directors required by Item 10 is
incorporated herein by reference to the Company's proxy statement, relating
to
its 2006 annual meeting of stockholders to be held on April 6, 2006 (the
"Proxy Statement"), to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after
December 31, 2005.
The
information regarding the Company's executive officers required by Item 10
is
incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement to be filed with
the
Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2005.
The
information regarding compliance with Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act
required by Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy
Statement to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after
December 31, 2005.
The
information regarding a code of ethics required by Item 10 is incorporated
herein by reference to the Proxy Statement.
ITEM
11. Executive
Compensation
The
information regarding executive compensation required by Item 11 is incorporated
herein by reference to the Proxy Statement to be filed with the Commission
within 120 days after December 31, 2005.
ITEM
12. Security
Ownership Of Certain Beneficial Owners And Management And Related Stockholder
Matters
The
information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners and
management and securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation
plans required by Item 12 are incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy
Statement to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after December
31,
2005.
ITEM
13. Certain Relationships And Related Transactions
The
information regarding certain relationships and related transactions required
by
Item 13 are incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement to be
filed
with the Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2005.
ITEM
14. Principal Accounting Fees And Services
The
information regarding principal accounting fees and services required by
Item 14
is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement to be filed with
the
Commission within 120 days after December 31, 2005.
PART
IV
ITEM
15. Exhibits,
Financial Statement Schedules
(a)
|
The
following documents are filed as part of this report:
|
107
1. Financial
Statements. The consolidated financial statements of the Company, together
with
the report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm thereon, are
set
forth on pages 70 through 113 of this Form 10-K and are incorporated herein
by reference.
2. Financial
Statement Schedules. Financial statement schedules have been omitted because
they are not applicable or the required information is presented in the
financial statements and/or in the notes to financial statements filed in
response to Item 8 hereof.
3. Exhibits
*2.1
|
Agreement
of Plan of Merger
|
*3.1
|
Articles
of Amendment and Restatement
|
*3.2
|
Articles
Supplementary
|
*3.3
|
Articles
of Amendment
|
*3.4
|
Amended
and Restated Bylaws
|
*10.2
|
2003
Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plan
|
*10.3
|
Employment
Agreement dated April 12, 2004 between Bimini Mortgage
Management, Inc. and Jeffrey J. Zimmer
|
*10.4
|
Employment
Agreement dated April 12, 2004 between Bimini Mortgage
Management, Inc. and Robert E. Cauley
|
**10.5
|
Employment
Agreement dated September 29, 2005 between Opteum Financial Services,
LLC
and Peter R. Norden
|
*10.6
|
Letter
Agreement, dated November 4, 2003 from AVM, L.P. to Bimini Mortgage
Management, Inc. with respect to consulting services to be provided
by AVM, L.P. and Letter Agreement, dated February 10, 2004 from AVM,
L.P. to Bimini Mortgage Management with respect to assignment
of AVM,
L.P.'s rights, interest and responsibilities to III
Associates.
|
*10.7
|
Agency
Agreement, dated November 20, 2003 by and among AVM, L.P. and Bimini
Mortgage Management, Inc.
|
*10.8
|
2004
Performance Bonus Plan
|
*10.9
|
Phantom
Share Award Agreement dated August 13, 2004 between Bimini Mortgage
Management, Inc. and Jeffrey J. Zimmer
|
*10.10
|
Phantom
Share Award Agreement dated August 13, 2004 between Bimini Mortgage
Management, Inc. and Robert E. Cauley
|
*10.12
|
Voting
Agreement, dated November 3, 2005, between certain stockholders
of Bimini
Mortgage Management, Inc., Jeffrey J. Zimmer, Robert E. Cauley,
Amber K.
Luedke, George H. Haas, IV, Kevin L. Bespolka, Maureen A. Hendricks,
W.
Christopher Mortenson, Buford H. Ortale, Peter Norden, certain
of Mr.
Norden’s affiliates, Jason Kaplan, certain of Mr. Kaplan’s affiliates and
other former owners of Opteum Financial Services, LLC
|
**21.1
|
List
of subsidiaries
|
**23.1
|
Consent
of Ernst & Young LLP.
|
**31.1
|
Certification
of the Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
|
**31.2
|
Certification
of the Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350,
as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
|
**32.1
|
Certification
of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant
to 18
U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
*
|
Previously
filed.
|
**
|
Filed
herewith.
|
108
Signatures
Pursuant
to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed
on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
OPTEUM INC.
|
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Date:
March 10, 2006
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By:
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/s/
Robert E. Cauley
Robert
E. Cauley
Chief
Financial Officer and Secretary
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KNOW
ALL
MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that we, the undersigned officers and directors of
Opteum
Inc. hereby severally constitute Jeffrey J. Zimmer and Robert E. Cauley,
and
each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys and with full power to
them,
and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities
indicated below, the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed herewith and any and
all
amendments to said Annual Report on Form 10-K, and generally to do all such
things in our names and in our capacities as officers and directors to enable
Opteum Inc. to comply with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act
of
1934, as amended, and all requirements of the Securities and Exchange
Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signatures as they may be
signed
by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said Annual Report on Form 10-K
and
any and all amendments thereto.
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, this report has been signed
below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities
and on the dates indicated.
Date:
March 10, 2006
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By:
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/s/
Jeffrey J. Zimmer
Jeffrey
J. Zimmer
Chairman
of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President
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Date:
March 10, 2006
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By:
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/s/
Robert E. Cauley
Robert
E. Cauley
Director,
Chief Financial Officer, Chief Investment Office and
Secretary
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Date:
March 10, 2006
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By:
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/s/
Peter R. Norden
Peter
R. Norden
Director
and Senior Executive Vice President
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Date:
March 2, 2006
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By:
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/s/
Kevin L. Bespolka
Kevin
L. Bespolka
Director
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Date:
March 2, 2006
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By:
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/s/
Maureen A. Hendricks
Maureen
A. Hendricks
Director
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Date:
March 1, 2006
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By:
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/s/
Christopher Mortenson
W.
Christopher Mortenson
Director
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Date:
March 1, 2006
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By:
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/s/
Buford H. Ortale
Buford
H. Ortale
Director
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Date:
March 10, 2006
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By:
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/s/
Jason Kaplan
Jason
Kaplan
Director
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