BIOLASE, INC - Annual Report: 2012 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012

OR

For the transition period from                      to                 

Commission file number 000-19627

BIOLASE, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

4 Cromwell

Irvine, California 92618

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including zip code)

(949) 361-1200

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨        No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨        No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x        No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x        No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in the definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨        No  x

The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates was $57,615,816 based on the last sale price of common stock on June 30, 2012.

As of March 8, 2013, there were 31,343,661 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement related to its 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the Registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2012, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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BIOLASE, INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”), particularly in Item 1, “Business,” and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and the documents incorporated by reference, includes “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they prove incorrect or never materialize, could cause our results to differ materially and adversely from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to any statements, predictions and expectations regarding our earnings, revenue, sales and operations, operating expenses, anticipated cash needs, capital requirements and capital expenditures, needs for additional financing, use of working capital, plans for future products and services and for enhancements of existing products and services, anticipated growth strategies, ability to attract customers, sources of net revenue, anticipated trends and challenges in our business and the markets in which we operate, the adequacy of our facilities, the impact of economic and industry conditions on our customers and our business, customer demand, our competitive position, the outcome of any litigation against us, the perceived benefits of any technology acquisitions, critical accounting policies and the impact of recent accounting pronouncements. Additional forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements pertaining to other financial items, plans, strategies or objectives of management for future operations, our financial condition or prospects, and any other statement that is not historical fact. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of words such as “may,” “might,” “will,” “intend,” “should,” “could,” “can,” “would,” “continue,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “plan,” “seek” and similar expressions and variations or the negativities of these terms or other comparable terminology.

These forward-looking statements are based on the expectations, estimates, projections, beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management, all of which is subject to change. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated or implied by our forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A in this Form 10-K. We undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements for any reason except as otherwise required by law.

The information contained in this Form 10-K is not a complete description of our business or the risks associated with an investment in our common stock. We urge you to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this Annual Report and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

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PART I

Item 1.    Business

Overview

We are a biomedical company that develops, manufactures, and markets lasers in dentistry and medicine and also markets and distributes dental imaging equipment, including cone beam digital x-rays and CAD/CAM intra-oral scanners. Our dental laser systems allow dentists, periodontists, endodontists, oral surgeons, and other specialists to perform a broad range of dental procedures, including cosmetic and complex surgical applications. Our systems are designed to provide clinically superior performance for many types of dental procedures with less pain and faster recovery times than are generally achieved with drills, scalpels, and other dental instruments. We have clearance from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) to sell our laser systems in the United States and also have the necessary approvals to sell our laser systems in Canada, the European Union and various other international markets. Our licensed dental imaging equipment and other related products are designed to improve diagnoses, applications, and procedures in dentistry and medicine.

We offer two categories of laser system products: Waterlase systems and Diode systems. Our flagship product category, the Waterlase system, uses a patented combination of water and laser energy to perform most procedures currently performed using dental drills, scalpels, and other traditional dental instruments for cutting soft and hard tissue. We also offer our Diode laser systems to perform soft tissue, pain therapy, and cosmetic procedures, including teeth whitening. We currently have approximately 160 issued and 150 pending U.S. and international patents, the majority of which are related to our core Waterlase technology and dental and medical lasers. Since 1998, we have sold over 9,500 Waterlase systems, including more than 5,500 Waterlase MD^® and iPlus^® systems, and more than 21,600 laser systems in over 60 countries around the world.

We currently operate in a single reportable business segment. We had net revenues of $57.4 million, $48.9 million, and $26.2 million in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively, and we had net losses of $3.1 million, $4.5 million, and $12.0 million for the same periods.

We were originally formed as Societe Endo Technic, SA (“SET”) in 1984 in Marseilles, France, to develop and market various endodontic and laser products. In 1987, SET merged into Pamplona Capital Corp., a public holding company incorporated in Delaware. In 1994, we changed our name to BIOLASE Technology, Inc. and to BIOLASE, Inc. in 2012. Since 1998, our primary objective has been to be the leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of laser systems for the dental industry.

Recent Developments

Product Offerings

In October 2012, we expanded the line of dental imaging products by executing a definitive five-year agreement with Copenhagen-based 3Shape Corporation (“3Shape”), making the Company a distributor of 3Shape’s TRIOS^® intra-oral CAD/CAM scanning technologies for digital impression-taking solutions in the U.S. and Canada. Among other capabilities, the TRIOS offers on-screen visualization of the impressions with online communication with dental laboratories. We are currently selling this product as a distributor under the manufacturer’s regulatory market clearances.

In September 2012, we introduced the Epic™, which received the CE Mark in late September 2012 and which received FDA 510(k) clearance in October 2012. This innovative diode laser provides versatility with soft tissue surgery, teeth whitening, and pain therapy capabilities in a portable and convenient design with pre-set and customizable settings. Weighing only two and a half pounds, the Epic diode laser has 10 Watts of power. The Epic V-Series launching in 2013 is based on the Epic platform with software and delivery adaptations enabling a wide range of veterinary applications, including surgical, dental, and pain therapy procedures. We anticipate further expansion of the Epic diode laser into additional medical markets in 2013.

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In February 2012, we introduced the Waterlase MDX™ line, a new product line of all-tissue lasers which expands the Company’s product offerings and complements the industry-leading Waterlase iPlus all-tissue dental laser system. Two models of the Waterlase MDX are available. The 8-watt Waterlase MDX 300 improves on Biolase’s time-tested Waterlase MD platform with an updated user interface, a new laser engine and a new lightweight and more flexible titanium fiber cable. The Waterlase MDX 450 increases the power output to 9-watts and cuts hard-tissue up to 70 percent faster than the Waterlase MDX 300. The Waterlase MDX 300 is upgradeable in the field to the MDX 450 performance level.

In February 2012, we introduced NewTom Cone Beam three-dimensional (“3-D”) Imaging products, manufactured by Cefla Dental Group, which we distribute in the United States and Canada. The NewTom 3-D product line will complement the Biolase DaVinci Imaging dental imaging devices and provide our dental customers a wider and more comprehensive choice of configurations, range of performance, and price points. The NewTom imaging products are typically used in highly complex dentistry cases by periodontists, endodontists, and oral surgeons where more involved and more accurate images are required. We believe that they are increasingly being adopted by general practitioners for use in placing implants. We are currently selling these products as a distributor under the manufacturer’s 510(k) clearances. We initially introduced dental imaging products in July 2011 under the Biolase DaVinci Imaging^™ name.

In January 2011, we introduced the Waterlase iPlus^®, a powerful and intuitive dual wavelength all-tissue dental laser system. We believe the iPlus is our most significant advancement in all-tissue laser technology since we introduced the Waterlase MD^™ in 2005. The Waterlase iPlus received FDA 510(k) clearance in the United States in August 2010 and received European CE mark-approval in February 2011.

Credit Facilities Established

On May 24, 2012, we entered into two revolving credit facility agreements with Comerica Bank (the “Credit Agreements”), as amended on August 6, 2012, (“Amendment No. 1”), which provide for borrowings against certain domestic accounts receivable and inventory, as set forth in the $4.0 million revolving credit facility agreement (the “Domestic Revolver”), and borrowings against certain export related accounts receivable and inventory, as set forth in the $4.0 million revolving credit facility agreement (the “Ex-Im Revolver”), for a combined aggregate commitment of borrowings of up to $8.0 million. The Credit Agreements mature on May 1, 2014 and are secured by substantially all of our assets now owned or hereinafter acquired. The Credit Agreements require compliance with certain financial and non-financial covenants, as defined therein. If a default occurs, Comerica Bank may declare the amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreements immediately due and payable. As of December 31, 2012, we were in compliance with these covenants.

Termination of Master Distribution Agreement

On September 23, 2010, we entered into a Distribution and Supply Agreement with Henry Schein, Inc. (“HSIC”), effective August 30, 2010, (the “D&S Agreement”), which terminated all prior agreements with HSIC. Under the D&S Agreement, we granted HSIC certain non-exclusive distribution rights in North America and several international markets with respect to our dental laser systems, accessories, and related support and services in certain circumstances. In addition, we granted HSIC exclusivity in selected international markets subject to review of certain performance criteria. In connection with the D&S Agreement, HSIC placed two irrevocable purchase orders totaling $9 million for our products. The first purchase order, totaling $6 million, was for the purchase of iLase^® systems and was fully satisfied during the first quarter of 2011. The second purchase order, totaling $3 million, was for the purchase of a combination of laser systems and was fully satisfied during the third quarter of 2011. The D&S Agreement granted HSIC a security interest in our inventory and assets, including our intellectual property.

On April 12, 2012, we completed a transaction with HSIC (the “2012 Termination Agreement”) whereby we purchased HSIC’s inventory of Waterlase MD Turbo laser systems for approximately $1.1 million and HSIC released its liens on our assets, including our inventory and intellectual property. As part of the 2012 Termination Agreement, we reacquired 153 MD Turbo laser systems at a cost well below market. Pursuant to the terms of the

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transaction, the entire purchase price was paid by offsetting certain accounts receivable currently due from HSIC from sales made in the normal course of business. None of the funds used to offset the purchase price were related to the original sales of the MD Turbo laser systems that were purchased. As a result of the transaction, we are no longer required to fulfill certain future service obligations and, accordingly, derecognized approximately $155,000 of accounts receivable due from HSIC related to support services previously provided and approximately $142,000 of accrued warranties during the quarter ended March 31, 2012. During the quarter ended June 30, 2012, the Company reversed accrued sales and marketing service liabilities of approximately $350,000 because the liability was extinguished with the closing of the 2012 Termination Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we sold all laser systems purchased under this arrangement at margins consistent with our comparable laser products.

Industry Background

General

Dental procedures are performed on hard tissue, such as bone and teeth, and soft tissue, such as gum and other oral tissue.

A 2007 American Dental Association (“ADA”) Survey of Dental Services Rendered (the “ADA Study”) has estimated that more than 200 million hard tissue procedures are performed annually in the United States. Hard tissue procedures include cavity preparation, root canals and other procedures involving bone or teeth. The ADA study also indicated that more than 1.2 million soft tissue procedures are performed annually in the United States. Soft tissue procedures include operations such as gum line alteration. According to statistics compiled in the ADA’s study, over 90% of hard tissue procedures and 60% of soft tissue procedures in the United States are performed by general dentists and the rest are performed by oral surgeons, endodontists, periodontists, and other specialists.

The ADA estimated that the demand for dental services in the United States will continue to grow due to population growth and the increased awareness of the benefits associated with preventive dentistry in reducing the incidence of oral and systemic disease.

We believe there is a growing awareness among consumers of the value and importance of a healthy smile and its connections to overall systemic health. As such, the dental industry has entered an era of growth and consideration of advanced technologies that allow dentists to perform simple or complex cosmetic dental procedures with minimal trauma, improved patient acceptance and clinically superior results. We believe our product offerings correspond with this trend, and we expect incremental growth from these pressures in the marketplace.

Traditional Dental Instruments

Dentists and other specialists choose from a variety of instruments depending on the tissue involved and the type of procedure. Most procedures require the use of multiple instruments to achieve the desired result.

High Speed Drills.    Most dentists use high speed drills for hard tissue procedures, such as preparing cavities for filling and gaining access for performing root canals or shaving and contouring oral bone tissue. Potentially adverse effects associated with drills include thermal heat transfer, vibration, pressure and noise. The cutting and grinding action of high speed drills can cause damage to the patient’s dental structure. The trauma caused to the surrounding tissues can lead to increased recovery times and the need for future crowns and root canals. Additionally, this grinding action of high speed drills may weaken the tooth’s underlying structure, leading to fractures and broken cusps. Procedures involving high-speed drills typically require anesthesia. Because many dentists do not recommend anesthetizing more than one or two quadrants of the mouth in a single session, patients may need to return several times to complete their treatment plan. Further, based on the results of several recent studies, autoclaving fails to completely decontaminate dental burs and approximately 15% of these “sterilized burs” carry pathogenic micro-organisms, which may be transferred from patient to patient.

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Cutting Instruments.    Soft tissue procedures, such as reshaping gum lines and grafting on new gum tissue, are typically performed by oral surgeons or periodontists using scalpels, scissors, and other cutting tools. Due to the pain and discomfort associated with procedures performed with these instruments, most soft tissue procedures require the use of local anesthetic which results in numbness and discomfort, and often require stitches. The use of scalpels, scissors, and other cutting tools typically cause bleeding, post-operative swelling, and discomfort. Bleeding can impair the practitioner’s visibility during the procedure, thereby reducing efficiency and is a particular problem for patients with immune deficiencies or blood disorders, and patients taking blood-thinning medications.

Film Radiography Equipment.    Since the early twentieth century, dentists have relied on radiographic images produced by exposing photographic film to X-ray radiation as part of the examination and diagnosis of patients. These X-ray images can help reveal tooth decay, periodontal disease, bone loss, infections, hidden dental structures, abscesses or cysts, developmental abnormalities, some types of tumors, and other issues that might not be detected during a visual examination or upon probing with a handheld instrument. Due to the chemical development process required for film, however, this process is time-consuming, inefficient, and costly for dental offices, and not environmentally friendly. Mistakes in the development process can require retakes which expose patients to additional radiation. Film X-rays also restrict the abilities of doctors to enhance or further manipulate images for easier and more accurate analysis and treatment planning. Furthermore, one of the most critical limitations of film is that it is restricted to two-dimensional images, which can potentially lead to misdiagnosis.

Alternative Dental Instruments

Alternative technologies have been developed over the years to address the problems associated with traditional methods used in dentistry. Most alternatives have addressed either hard or soft tissue applications but not both. The predominant alternative technologies are discussed below.

Electrosurge Systems.    Electrosurge systems use an electrical current to heat a shaped tip that simultaneously cuts and cauterizes soft tissue, resulting in less bleeding than occurs with scalpels. However, electrosurge is generally less precise than lasers and can damage surrounding tissue. Electrosurge is also not suitable for hard tissue procedures and, due to the depth of penetration, generally requires anesthesia and a lengthy healing process. Electrosurge generally cannot be used in areas near metal fillings and dental implants. Finally, electrosurge generally cannot treat patients with implanted pacemakers and defibrillators.

Traditional Laser Systems.    More recently, lasers have gained acceptance for use in general and cosmetic dentistry. Most lasers used in dentistry have been adapted from other medical applications, such as dermatology, and are not designed to perform a wide range of common dental procedures. Most dental lasers use thermal energy to cut tissue and are used primarily for soft tissue procedures.

Our Solution

Due to the limitations associated with traditional and alternative dental instruments, we believe there is a large market opportunity for all-tissue dental laser systems that provide superior clinical results and help reduce the trauma, pain, and discomfort associated with dental procedures. We also believe there is a large market opportunity for digital radiography systems that improve practice efficiency and accuracy of diagnosis, leading to superior treatment planning, increased practice revenue, and healthier outcomes for patients.

Our Waterlase systems precisely cut hard tissue and soft tissue with minimal or no damage to surrounding tissue and dental structure. Our Diode systems are designed to complement the Waterlase systems, and are used in soft tissue procedures, pain therapy, hygiene, and cosmetic applications, including teeth whitening. The Diode systems, together with our Waterlase systems, offer practitioners a broad product line with a range of features and price points.

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The Biolase DaVinci Imaging and Cefla NewTom products are state-of-the-art digital radiography systems that provide both two- and three-dimensional X-ray images as well as intraoral color images that allow doctors to visualize and manipulate significantly more information than previously available with film, without the time delay of film development or cost associated with chemicals and the film itself. These imaging systems have been designed to produce the highest quality images while exposing patients to the least amount of radiation necessary. The Trios intra-oral CAD/CAM scanning product offers diversity in our imaging product line with spray-free, high-speed, 3-D impression capture as well as touch screen and online lab communication capabilities.

A small percentage of dental professionals worldwide currently use lasers. Our laser systems are more expensive than traditional dental tools; however, we believe that the significant clinical advantages of our systems, patient benefits, the potential return on investment that our systems offer practitioners, and the options available to finance the purchase of our systems will enable us to continue to penetrate the global dental market. Laser technologies with similar patient benefits have become standard of care in ophthalmology, dermatology, and other medical specialties. When combined with better information digital imaging, dental lasers will give the doctor the best treatment options to perform more procedures in a minimally invasive manner. This combination of lasers and digital imaging systems makes us the only company to offer high-technology solutions for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and delivery of treatment, in the most minimally invasive manner possible: the Biolase Total Technology Solution™.

We believe the demand for our systems will continue to expand as we increase awareness of the benefits to patients and dental professionals.

Benefits to Dental Professionals

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Benefits to Patients

Business Strategy

Our objectives are to increase our leadership position in the dental laser market, to establish our laser systems as essential tools in dentistry, and to leverage our existing technology platform into other medical markets where it can provide significant improvements over existing standards of care. Our business strategy consists of the following key elements:

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Products

Our Waterlase Dentistry consists of two principal product lines: Waterlase systems and Diode systems. We developed the Waterlase and Diode systems through our own research and development, as well as intellectual property obtained through various acquisitions. During the second half of 2012, we introduced the Epic diode laser system which increases our customer base by providing an exceptional laser at an attractive value proposition. During the second half of 2011, we introduced the Biolase DaVinci Imaging line of imaging products which enabled us to offer high quality digital diagnostic solutions to complement the minimally invasive dental treatment solutions offered by our Waterlase and Diode dental systems. In 2012, we added the distribution of the NewTom 3-D cone beam and Trios intra-oral CAD/CAM scanning system which expanded our imaging product line and provides dental customers with a wider and more comprehensive choice of configurations and range of performance. The integration of our laser products with imaging offers dental professionals the Total Technology Solution which provides imaging capabilities for early diagnosis and minimally invasive treatment with our Waterlase and Diode laser technologies.

Waterlase systems.    Our all-tissueWaterlase dental laser systems currently consist of the Waterlase iPlus, the Waterlase MD Turbo, and the Waterlase MDX 300 and 450, both introduced in February 2012. Each of these systems is designed around our patented YSGG Laser technology that refers to the unique laser crystal used in the Waterlase system, which contains the elements erbium, chromium and yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet (Er, Cr: YSGG). This unique crystal laser produces energy with specific absorption and tissue interaction characteristics optimized for dental applications. HydroPhotonics refers to the interaction of YSGG lasers with water to produce energy to cut tissue. It is minimally invasive and can precisely cut hard tissue, such as bone and teeth, and soft tissue, such as gums or skin, without the heat, vibration, or pressure associated with traditional dental treatments. By eliminating heat, vibration, and pressure, our Waterlase systems reduce and, in some instances, eliminate the need for anesthesia and also result in faster healing times versus traditional methods of treatment.

The Waterlase systems incorporate an ergonomic handpiece and an extensive control panel located on the front of the system with precise preset functionality to control the mix of laser energy, air, and water, as well as the pulse rate. Each system also has been designed to be easily moved from operatory to operatory within a practice office.

The original Waterlase MD released in 2005 features white light-emitting diode (“LED”) handpiece illumination, a full color touch screen improving user friendliness (with a built in user “Help” system), a refined water spray that improves cutting, and a Windows CE operating system. In 2008, we introduced a new clinical procedure for endodontic root canal disinfection with radial firing tips. The Waterlase MD Turbo All-Tissue Dental Laser System was introduced in the first quarter of 2009 and increased the cutting speed compared to the original Waterlase MD. In 2009, we also obtained FDA clearance for a new treatment protocol called Deep Pocket Therapy with New Attachment using the Waterlase MD and the patented Radial Firing Perio Tip. This is a non-surgical alternative treatment for moderate to advanced gum disease, the leading cause of tooth loss for adults over 35 and a condition impacting more than half of Americans over age 55. The procedure assists in new attachment and subgingival calculus removal, and in most cases provides deep pocket treatments in a single visit without the use of a scalpel, stitches, or the conventional cutting of the gums. The Waterlase iPlus, introduced in January 2011, is our most advanced and powerful, yet most intuitive, dual-wavelength all-tissue dental laser system. It delivers all the benefits of our other Waterlases, but with more power, versatility, and ease of use, including and intuitive user interface and a significant increase in cutting speed that is comparable to a high speed drill. The Waterlase iPlus also incorporates the iLase wireless diode laser that can be utilized for unexpected soft-tissue cases in an adjacent treatment room, controlling bleeding, and temporary pain relief.

Diode systems.    Our Diode laser systems in dentistry currently consist of the Epic and iLase, semiconductor diode lasers that perform soft tissue, hygiene, cosmetic procedures, teeth whitening, and temporary pain relief.

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In February 2010, we introduced our iLase diode laser system, the first wireless, affordable dental diode laser that provides minimally invasive solutions for the most common everyday soft tissue surgical and hygiene procedures. Featuring patent-pending finger switch activation, battery power, our unique 940 nm wavelength, and ComfortPulse^® cutting modality, we believe the wireless and highly portable iLase is a perfect complement for every dental operatory. In September 2012, we introduced our new Epic diode laser system, a portable touch screen system with applications in soft tissue surgery, dental hygiene, teeth whitening, and temporary pain relief. The iLase and Epic are FDA cleared in the United States and CE mark-approved in Europe.

Imaging systems.    Our imaging systems include licensed state-of-the-art extra-oral and intra-oral dental digital imaging devices. Our expansion into digital imaging systems enables us to offer high quality diagnostic solutions to complement the minimally invasive dental treatment solutions offered by our Waterlase and Diode systems. We now provide both high-precision intuitive diagnosis and treatment planning solutions, fundamental to the delivery of quality dentistry, together with truly advanced laser treatment solutions thereby delivering, we believe, the best biological and therapeutic results for dentists and patients. Our Imaging systems include the Cefla NewTom VGi and Biolase DaVinci D3D, 3-D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (“CBCT”) devices. We are currently selling these products as a distributor under the manufacturer’s FDA 510(k) clearance. Our 3-D CBCT devices produce stable and high quality 3-D images with low levels of radiation – critical features in dental implant, endodontic, orthodontic, and oral surgery cases.

The first CBCT system introduced to the dental market in 1996 was a NewTom. Since that time, the NewTom brand has been synonymous with providing the clearest, sharpest, and highest quality three-dimensional images. The NewTom VGi is a small-footprint CBCT system that offers medical grade imaging technology at a fraction of the cost and radiation exposure typically associated with medical CT equipment. In addition to producing up to 50% higher image resolution with medical grade rotating anode technology, its proprietary SafeBeam™ technology automatically adjusts radiation dosage to ensure patient safety.

3Shape Trios CAD/CAM Imaging Systems.    3Shape unveiled this system at the International Dental Show in Germany in 2011. We immediately recognized this system as an advanced dental imaging product designed with technical solutions for the dental practitioner and comfort for patients. The 3Shape system offers a spray-free scanning device for optimal accuracy and patient comfort, high speed technology with accurate digital impression-taking with up to 1000 3-D pictures, a touchscreen interface with live 3-D visualization, online communication capability with labs, and additional benefits. We are currently selling this product as a distributor under the manufacturer’s regulatory market clearances.

Medical systems.    Our Medical systems include the Diolase 10™ Diode Laser for which we received FDA 510(k) clearance in April 2009 to use in our ezlase platform for both dental and medical pain relief applications. In late 2009 we broadened our product scope to include the use of lasers in a variety of health care and therapeutic markets outside of dentistry. The Diolase 10 was launched with a patented handpiece for therapeutic applications, including temporary pain relief, topical heating for the purpose of temporarily relieving minor muscle and joint pain and stiffness, minor arthritis pain, muscle spasm, minor sprains and strains, and minor muscular back pain; temporarily increasing local blood circulation; and temporarily relaxing muscles. The Diolase 10 was our first strategic expansion into the medical market (which includes sports medicine, orthopedics, podiatry, physical therapy, and chiropractics). We initially focused on the chiropractic market and in 2010 we expanded into physical therapy and sports medicine and introduced the Deep Tissue Handpiece. A continuation of our expansion into the medical market is also realized in our Epic diode laser, which was launched in late 2012 and has improved portability and value proposition with applications including temporary pain relief. The Epic V-Series launching in 2013 is based on the Epic platform with software and delivery adaptations enabling a wide range of veterinary applications, including surgical, dental, and pain therapy procedures. We anticipate further expansion of the Epic diode laser into additional medical markets in 2013.

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Related Accessories and Disposable Products

We also manufacture and sell disposable products and accessories for our laser systems. Our Waterlase and Diode systems use disposable laser tips of differing sizes and shapes depending on the procedures being performed. We also market flexible fibers and hand pieces that dental practitioners will replace at some point after initially purchasing laser systems. For our Epic and ezlase systems, we sell teeth whitening gel kits.

Warranties

Our Waterlase laser systems sold domestically are covered by a warranty against defects in material and workmanship for a period of up to one-year while our Diode systems warranty is for a period of up to two years from the date of sale to the end-user by us or a distributor. Waterlase systems sold internationally are generally covered by a warranty against defects in material and workmanship for a period of sixteen months while our Diode systems warranty period is up to twenty eight months from date of sale to the international distributor. Our warranty covers parts and service for sales in our North American territories and parts only for international distributor sales. In North America, we sell service contracts to our end users that cover the period after the expiration of our standard warranty coverage for our laser systems. Extended warranty coverage provided under our service contracts varies by the type of system and the level of service desired by the customer. Products or accessories remanufactured, refurbished, or sold by authorized parties, voids all warranties in place for such products and exempts us from liability issues relating to the use of such products. We do not offer warranties on imaging products which are covered by manufacturer’s warranties.

Insurance

We maintain product liability insurance on a claims-made-and-reported basis with a limit of $10 million per occurrence and $10 million in the aggregate for all occurrences. The insurance is subject to various standard coverage exclusions, including damage to the product itself, losses from recall of our product, and losses covered by other forms of insurance such as workers compensation. We cannot be certain that we will be able to successfully defend any claims against us, nor can we be certain that our insurance will cover all liabilities resulting from such claims. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such insurance in the future on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

Manufacturing

Our strategy is to manufacture products in-house when it is efficient for us to do so. We currently manufacture, assemble, and test all of our products at our corporate headquarters facility in Irvine, California. The 57,000 square foot facility has approximately 20,000 square feet dedicated to manufacturing and warehousing. The facility is ISO 13485 certified. ISO 13485 certification provides guidelines for our quality management system associated with the design, manufacturing, installation, and servicing of our products. In addition, our U.S. facility is registered with the FDA and is compliant with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation.

We use an integrated approach to manufacturing, including the assembly of tips, laser hand pieces, fiber assemblies, laser heads, electro-mechanical subassembly, final assembly, and testing. We obtain components and subassemblies for our products from third party suppliers, the majority of which are located in the United States. We generally purchase components and subassemblies from a limited group of suppliers through purchase orders. In general, we rely on these purchase orders and do not have written supply contracts with many of our key suppliers. Three key components used in our Waterlase system: handpieces, laser crystals, and fiber components are each supplied by separate single-source suppliers. In recent years, we have not experienced material delays from the suppliers of these three key components. However, in the event that we experience an unexpected interruption from a single source supplier, manufacturing delays, re-engineering, significant costs, and sales disruptions could occur, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations. We are currently in the process of identifying

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and qualifying alternate source suppliers for our key components, including but not limited to those noted above. There can be no assurance, however, that we will successfully identify and qualify an alternate source supplier for any of our key components or that we could enter into an agreement with any such alternate source supplier on terms acceptable to us.

Marketing and Sales

Marketing

We currently market our laser systems in the United States and worldwide. Our marketing efforts are focused on increasing brand and specific product awareness among dental practitioners. We continue to explore methods to increase awareness of the benefits of our products by marketing directly to patients.

Dental Practitioners.    We currently market our laser systems to dental practitioners through regional, national and international trade publications, educational events, individual meetings, the internet, and seminars. We also use brochures, direct mailers, press releases, posters, and other promotional materials, as well as print and electronic media news coverage. In 2010, we introduced the Biolase Store for online purchase of lasers, consumables, accessories, and service contracts in North America. In 2002, we founded the WCLI to formalize our efforts to educate and train dental practitioners in laser dentistry. The WCLI conducts and sponsors educational programs domestically and internationally for dental practitioners, researchers, and academicians, including one, two, and three-day seminars and training sessions involving in-depth presentations on the use of lasers in dentistry. In addition, we have developed relationships with research institutions, dental schools, and laboratories which use our products in training and demonstrations. We believe these relationships will increase awareness of our products. In 2012 we formalized a 5 year agreement with Professor Norbert Gutknecht and the Aachen Center for Laser Dentistry (“AALZ”), the acknowledged leader in dental laser education since its founding in 1992. We expect the AALZ and related World Academy for Laser Education in Dentistry Network (“WALED”) will expand the availability of postgraduate advanced wavelength clinical laser education to more than 40 countries while also taking major steps toward standardizing laser dental education for all our owners worldwide.

Chiropractors, Sports Medicine.    We market to chiropractors, physical therapists, and other pain management specialists through trade advertising, seminars, and trade shows. Our marketing activities are primarily executed by our network of independent sales representatives who are managed by our internal sales management team.

Patients.    We market the benefits of our laser systems directly to patients through marketing and advertising programs, including the internet, social networks, print and broadcast media, local television news and radio spots, as well as product placements of our laser systems on television programs. We believe that making patients aware of our laser systems and their benefits will increase demand for our products.

Sales

We currently sell our products primarily to dentists in general practice through our direct sales force and our distributor network. The majority of the dentists in the United States and the majority of our end-user customers are sole practitioners. We expect our laser systems to continue to gain acceptance among periodontists, endodontists, oral surgeons, and other dental specialists as they become better aware of the clinical benefits and new treatment options available through the use of our laser systems. Outside of the dental market, we expect that our initial sales of lasers will be to chiropractors, physical therapists, and other pain management specialists, as well as the veterinary market.

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The following table summarizes our net revenues by category for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 (dollars in thousands):

Net revenue by geographic location based on the location of customers was as follows (in thousands):

International revenue accounts for a significant portion of our total revenue and accounted for approximately 29%, 33%, and 36% of our net revenue in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. No individual country outside the United States represented more than 10% of net revenue during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010.

For financial information about our long-lived assets, see Note 2 and Note 9 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and — Segment Information.

North American Sales.    Effective September 1, 2006, we commenced selling our products into the U.S. and Canadian markets exclusively through HSIC. As part of this agreement, HSIC purchased products from us at negotiated distributor pricing, and invoiced the customer directly at the customer’s purchase order price.

On September 23, 2010, we entered into a Distribution and Supply Agreement with HSIC, effective August 30, 2010, (the “D&S Agreement”), which terminated all prior agreements with HSIC. Under the D&S Agreement, we granted HSIC certain non-exclusive distribution rights in North America and several international markets with respect to our dental laser systems, accessories, and related support and services in certain circumstances. In addition, we granted HSIC exclusivity in selected international markets subject to review of certain performance criteria. In connection with the D&S Agreement, HSIC placed two irrevocable purchase orders totaling $9 million for our products. The first purchase order, totaling $6 million, was for the purchase of iLase systems and was fully satisfied during the first quarter of 2011. The second purchase order, totaling $3 million, was for the purchase of a combination of laser systems and was fully satisfied during the third quarter of 2011. The D&S Agreement granted HSIC a security interest in our inventory and assets, including our intellectual property.

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On April 12, 2012, we completed a transaction with HSIC (the “2012 Termination Agreement”) whereby we purchased HSIC’s inventory of Waterlase MD Turbo laser systems for approximately $1.1 million and HSIC released its liens on our assets, including our inventory and intellectual property. As part of the 2012 Termination Agreement, we reacquired 153 MD Turbo laser systems at a cost well below market. Pursuant to the terms of the transaction, the entire purchase price was paid by offsetting certain accounts receivable currently due from HSIC from sales made in the normal course of business. None of the funds used to offset the purchase price were related to the original sales of the MD Turbo laser systems that were purchased. As a result of the transaction, we are no longer required to fulfill certain future service obligations and, accordingly, derecognized approximately $155,000 of accounts receivable due from HSIC related to support services previously provided and approximately $142,000 of accrued warranties during the quarter ended March 31, 2012. During the quarter ended June 30, 2012, the Company reversed accrued sales and marketing service liabilities of approximately $350,000 because the liability was extinguished with the closing of the 2012 Termination Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company sold all laser systems purchased under this arrangement at margins consistent with our comparable laser products.

International Sales.    Through 2008, we sold products in Germany, Spain, Australia, and New Zealand through direct sales forces from our sales and service locations in those respective countries. In the first quarter of 2009, we transitioned sales in these countries from direct sales to distribution through HSIC and a network of other independent distributors. Our distributors purchase laser systems and disposables from us at wholesale dealer prices and resell them to dentists in their sales territories. All sales to distributors are final and we can terminate our arrangements with dealers and distributors for cause or non-performance. In some select territories we have granted certain distributors the right to be our exclusive distributor in that territory. These distributors are generally required to satisfy certain minimum purchase requirements to maintain their exclusivity. In 2011, we began selling our products directly to end users in Germany and other countries where we have non-exclusive distribution arrangements. In 2012, we began selling our products directly to end users in India and neighboring countries.

Customer Concentration.    From 2007 through 2010, we were substantially dependent on our distributor, HSIC, for purchases of our products. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, sales to HSIC worldwide accounted for approximately 3%, 19%, and 38%, respectively, of our net revenue. HSIC no longer distributes our products on an exclusive basis. Instead we sell our products through our direct sales force and non-exclusive distributor relationships. However, our relationship with HSIC remains significant and they are our largest non-exclusive distributor in the U.S. and certain other countries.

Customer Service.    We provide maintenance and support services through our support hotline, field and factory service technicians, and our network of factory-trained third-party service technicians. We currently provide maintenance and support services in the United States and Canada through our employee service technicians. We maintain a network of service technicians who provide maintenance and support services in all other countries where we do business. Our international distributors are responsible for providing maintenance and support services for products sold by them. We provide parts to distributors at no additional charge for products covered under warranty.

Financing Options.    Many dentists finance their purchases through third-party leasing companies, banks, or lessors. In the United States and Canada, third-party customers enter into a lease with a lessor who purchases the product from us or one of our distributors. We are not party to these leases, so if the customer agrees to pay the lessor in installments, we do not bear the credit risk that the dentist might not make payments. The leasing companies and banks do not have recourse to us for a customer’s failure to make payments, nor do we have any obligation to take back the product at the end of the lease.

Seasonality.    Historically, we have experienced fluctuations in revenue from quarter to quarter due to seasonality. Revenue in the first quarter typically is lower than average and revenue in the fourth quarter typically is stronger than average due to the buying patterns of dental professionals. In addition, revenue in the third quarter may be affected by vacation patterns which can cause revenue to be flat or lower than in the second quarter of the year.

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Engineering and Product Development

Engineering and product development activities are essential to maintaining and enhancing our business. We believe our engineering and product development team has demonstrated its ability to develop innovative products that meet evolving market needs. Our research and product development group consists of approximately 13 individuals with medical device and laser development experience, including two Ph.Ds. During the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, our engineering and product development expenses totaled approximately $4.7 million, $4.3 million and $3.8 million, respectively. Our current engineering and product development activities are focused on improving our existing products and technology and extending our product range in order to provide dental practitioners and patients with less painful and clinically superior laser systems. Some examples of the improvements we are pursuing for our dental lasers include faster cutting speed, ease of use, less need for anesthesia injections, interconnectivity, and an expanded portfolio of consumable products for use with our laser systems.

We also devote engineering and development resources toward markets outside of dentistry in which we might exploit our technology platform and capabilities. We believe our laser technology and developments capabilities could be applicable in several other medical markets, including ophthalmology, orthopedics, podiatry, pain management, aesthetics/dermatology, veterinary, and consumer products.

In May 2010, we entered into a License Agreement (the “2010 P&G Agreement”) with Procter & Gamble Company (“P&G”), which replaced an existing license agreement between us and P&G (the “2006 P&G Agreement”). Pursuant to the 2010 P&G Agreement, we agreed to continue granting P&G an exclusive license to certain of our patents to enable P&G to develop products aimed at the consumer market and P&G agreed to pay royalties based on sales of products developed with such intellectual property. The prepaid royalty payments previously paid by P&G were applied to the new exclusive license period from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2010. At this time, we had deferred royalty revenue totaling $1.9 million from the 2006 P&G Agreement. The 2010 P&G Agreement permitted us to recognize $1.5 million in royalty revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010 related to the 2009 and 2010 exclusivity period. As of December 31, 2010, $375,000 remained in long term deferred revenue. On June 28, 2011, we entered into an amendment to the 2010 P&G Agreement (the “2011 P&G Amendment”) which extended the effective period for the 2010 P&G Agreement from December 31, 2010 through June 30, 2011, and resulted in us recognizing the previously deferred $375,000 of revenue as royalty revenue during the quarter ended June 30, 2011.

The 2011 P&G Amendment also provided that effective January 1, 2011, P&G’s exclusive license to our patents converted to a non-exclusive license unless P&G paid us a license payment in the amount of $187,500 by the end of the third quarter of 2011, and at the end of each quarter thereafter, throughout the term of the 2010 P&G Agreement. As a result of P&G not making any payments to us in the third or fourth quarters of the year ended December 31, 2011, their license converted to a non-exclusive license. We are currently engaged in an active collaboration with P&G to commercialize a consumer product utilizing our patents.

Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights

We believe that in order to maintain a competitive advantage in the marketplace, we must develop and maintain protection of the proprietary aspects of our technology. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, trade secrets, copyrights and other intellectual property rights to protect our intellectual property. We have developed a patent portfolio internally, and to a lesser extent through acquisitions and licensing, that covers many aspects of our product offerings. As of December 31, 2012, we had approximately 160 issued patents and 150 pending patent applications in the United States, Europe and other countries around the world. While we hold a variety of patents that cover a broad range of technologies and methods, the majority of these patents provide market protection for our core technologies incorporated in our laser systems and related accessories. Existing patents related to our core technology, which are at various stages of being incorporated into our products, are scheduled to expire as follows: five in 2013, four in 2014, 21 in 2015, 18 in 2016, and six in 2017,

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with the majority having expiration dates ranging from 2018 to 2032. With approximately 150 patent applications pending, we expect the number of new grants to exceed the number of patents expiring. We do not expect the expiration of the expired or soon-to-expire patents to have a material adverse effect on our business.

There are risks related to our intellectual property rights. For further details on these risks, see Item 1A — “Risk Factors.”

Competition

We compete with a number of companies that market traditional dental products, such as dental drills, as well as other companies that market laser technologies in dental and other medical markets. In the domestic hard tissue dental market, we believe our Waterlase systems primarily compete with laser systems manufactured by Lares Dental Research, the U.S. distributor of Fotona d.d. In the international market, our Waterlase systems compete primarily with products manufactured by several companies, including Fotona d.d., KaVo Dental GmbH, Lambda SpA, J Morita Manufacturing Corp., Syneron Medical Ltd, and Deka Laser Technologies, Inc. Our Waterlase systems also compete with non-laser based systems, including traditional high and low-speed dental drills and air abrasion systems that are used for dental procedures.

Our Diode laser systems, including the Epic, ezlase and iLase, compete with other semiconductor diode lasers manufactured by Ivoclar Vivadent, Inc., Sirona Dental Systems, Inc., KaVo Dental GmbH, AMD Lasers, LLC, (which was acquired by Dentsply, Inc. in July 2011), ARC, GIGA, Zila and DenMat, as well as with scalpels, scissors and a variety of other cutting tools that have been traditionally used to perform soft tissue procedures. We also expect other domestic and foreign laser manufacturers to enter this market in the future. Our new Epic and iLase lasers were specifically designed to compete in this growing market with key differentiating features and performance. Unlike the Epic and ezlase, none of the lasers in this category have FDA clearance for use in both pain management therapy and teeth whitening, in addition to a full range of soft tissue indications. Our Epic and ezlase system competes with other in-office whitening products and high intensity lights used by dentists, as well as teeth whitening strips and other over-the-counter products.

Traditional and commonly used cutting tools are less expensive for performing dental procedures. For example, a high speed handpiece or an electrosurge device, not including the cost of replacement disposables, can be purchased for less than $2,500 each. In addition, our systems are not designed to perform certain functions that high speed drills can perform, such as cutting metal fillings and certain polishing and grinding functions. Our systems are not intended to replace all of the applications of the high speed drill and a drill may be required for certain procedures.

We believe that the principal competitive factors for companies that market laser technologies in the dental and other medical markets include:

Some of the manufacturers that develop competing laser systems have significantly greater financial, marketing, and/or technical resources than we do. In addition, some competitors have developed, and others may attempt to develop, products with applications similar to those performed by our laser systems.

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Because of the large size of the potential market for our products, we anticipate that new or existing competitors may develop competing products, procedures, or clinical solutions which could prove to be more effective, safer, or less costly than procedures using our laser systems. The introduction of new products, procedures, or clinical solutions by competitors may result in price reductions, reduced margins, loss of market share, or may render our products obsolete.

Government Regulation

FDA’s Premarket Clearance and Approval Requirements

Unless an exemption applies, each medical device that we wish to market in the U.S. must first receive either 510(k) clearance, by filing a 510(k) pre-market notification, or PMA approval, by filing a Premarket Approval Application (“PMA”) from the FDA pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The FDA’s 510(k) clearance process usually takes from four to twelve months, but it can take longer. The process of obtaining PMA approval is much more costly, lengthy, and uncertain. It generally takes from one to three years or even longer. We cannot be sure that 510(k) clearance or PMA approval will ever be obtained for any product we propose to market.

The FDA decides whether a device must undergo either the 510(k) clearance or PMA approval process based upon statutory criteria. These criteria include the level of risk that the agency perceives is associated with the device and a determination of whether the product is a type of device that is similar to devices that are already legally marketed. Devices deemed to pose relatively less risk are placed in either Class I or II, which generally requires the manufacturer to submit a pre-market notification requesting 510(k) clearance, unless an exemption applies.

Class I devices are those for which safety and effectiveness can be assured by adherence to the FDA’s general regulatory controls (“General Controls”) for medical devices, which include compliance with the applicable portions of the FDA’s Quality System Regulation (“QSR”) facility registration and product listing, reporting of adverse medical events, and appropriate, truthful and non-misleading labeling, advertising, and promotional materials. Some Class I devices also require premarket clearance by the FDA through the 510(k) premarket notification process.

Class II devices are subject to the FDA’s General Controls, and any other special controls as deemed necessary by the FDA to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the device. Premarket review and clearance by the FDA for Class II devices is accomplished through the 510(k) premarket notification procedure. All of our current regulated devices are Class II devices and all have qualified for 510(k) clearance.

Class III devices are those devices deemed by the FDA to pose the greatest risk, such as life-sustaining, life-supporting, or implantable devices, or deemed not substantially equivalent to a legally marketed predicate device. The safety and effectiveness of Class III devices cannot be assured solely by the General Controls and the other requirements described above. These devices almost always require formal clinical studies to demonstrate safety and effectiveness and must be approved through the premarket approval process described below. Premarket approval applications, and supplemental premarket approval applications, are subject to significantly higher user fees under Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act of 2002, or MDUFMA, than are 510(k) premarket notifications, and generally take much longer for the FDA to review.

To obtain 510(k) clearance, a company must submit a premarket notification demonstrating that the proposed device is “substantially equivalent” in intended use and in technological and performance characteristics to a legally marketed “predicate device” that is either in Class I, Class II, or is a Class III device that was in commercial distribution before May 28, 1976, for which the FDA has not yet called for submission of a PMA application. Pursuant to the MDUFMA and the MDUFMA II provisions of the Food and Drug Amendments Act of 2007, unless a specific exemption applies, 510(k) premarket notification submissions are subject to user fees. After a device receives 510(k) clearance, any modification that could significantly affect its

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safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use, requires a new 510(k) clearance or could require a PMA approval. The FDA requires each manufacturer to make this determination in the first instance, but the FDA can review any decision. If the FDA disagrees with a manufacturer’s decision not to seek a new 510(k) clearance, the agency may retroactively require the manufacturer to seek 510(k) clearance or PMA approval. The FDA also can require the manufacturer to cease marketing and/or recall the modified device until 510(k) clearance or PMA approval is obtained. We have made and plan to continue to make additional product enhancements to our laser systems that we believe will not require new 510(k) clearances. We cannot assure you that the FDA would agree with any of our decisions not to seek additional 510(k) clearances or even PMA approval for these or future device modifications. If the FDA requires us to seek 510(k) clearance or PMA approval for any modification, we also may be required to cease marketing and/or recall the modified device until we obtain a new 510(k) clearance or PMA approval.

Class III devices are required to undergo the PMA approval process in which the manufacturer must establish the safety and effectiveness of the device to the FDA’s satisfaction. A PMA application must provide extensive preclinical and clinical trial data as well as information about the device and its components regarding, among other things, device design, manufacturing and labeling. Also during the review period, an advisory panel of experts from outside the FDA may be convened to review and evaluate the application and provide recommendations to the FDA as to the approvability of the device. In addition, the FDA will conduct a preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facility to ensure compliance with the QSR. A new PMA or a PMA Supplement is required for modifications that affect the safety or effectiveness of the device, including, for example, certain types of modifications to the device’s indications for use, manufacturing process, manufacturing facility, labeling and design. PMA Supplements often require submission of the same type of information as an original PMA application, except that the supplement is limited to information needed to support any changes from the device covered by the original PMA application, and may not require as extensive clinical data or the convening of an advisory panel. None of our products are currently approved under a PMA.

A clinical trial may be required in support of a 510(k) submission and generally is required for a PMA application. These trials generally require an Investigational Device Exemption (“IDE”) application approved in advance by the FDA for a specified number of patients, unless the product is deemed a non-significant risk device eligible for certain exemptions from the IDE requirements. The IDE application must be supported by appropriate data, such as animal and laboratory testing results. Clinical trials may begin if the IDE application is approved by the FDA and the appropriate institutional review boards at the clinical trial sites. Even if a trial is completed, the results of clinical testing may not adequately demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the device or may otherwise not be sufficient to obtain FDA clearance to market the product in the U.S.

In the future, we may be required to make additional 510(k) submissions to the FDA to address new claims, uses, or products. We cannot assure you that the FDA will not deem one or more of our future products, or those of our OEM partners, to be a Class III device subject to the more burdensome PMA approval process. The FDA also may not approve or clear these products for the indications that are necessary or desirable for successful commercialization. Indeed, the FDA may refuse our requests for 510(k) clearance or PMA of new products, new intended uses or modifications to existing products.

Pervasive and Continuing FDA Regulation

After a device is placed on the market, numerous regulatory requirements continue to apply. Those regulatory requirements include:

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We will need to invest significant time and other resources to ensure ongoing compliance with FDA QSR and other post-market regulatory requirements.

We have registered with the FDA as a medical device manufacturer and we have obtained a manufacturing license from the California Department of Health Services. As a manufacturer, we are subject to announced and unannounced facility inspections by the FDA and the California Department of Health Services to determine our compliance with various regulations. Our subcontractors manufacturing facilities are also subject to inspection.

If the FDA finds that we have failed to comply, the agency can institute a wide variety of enforcement actions, ranging from a public warning letter to more severe sanctions such as:

The FDA also has the authority to request repair, replacement, or refund of the cost of any medical device manufactured or distributed by us. Our failure, or the failure of our subcontractors, to comply with applicable requirements could lead to an enforcement action that may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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Advertising and promotion of medical devices, in addition to being regulated by the FDA, are also regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) and by state regulatory and enforcement authorities. Recently, promotional activities for FDA-regulated products of other companies have been the subject of enforcement action brought under healthcare reimbursement laws and consumer protection statutes. In addition, under the federal Lanham Act and similar state laws, competitors and others can initiate litigation relating to advertising claims. If the FDA determines that our promotional materials or training constitutes promotion of an uncleared or unapproved use, it could request that we modify our training or promotional materials or subject us to regulatory or enforcement actions, including the issuance of an untitled letter, a notice of violation, a warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine, or criminal penalties. In that event, our reputation could be damaged and adoption of the products could be impaired.

We are also subject to regulation under the Radiation Control for Safety and Health Act of 1968 (the “Safety Act”), which is administered by the FDA. The Safety Act regulates the energy emissions of light and sound and electronic waves from electronic products. Regulations implementing the Safety Act require a laser manufacturer to file new product and annual reports; to maintain quality control, product testing, and sales records; to distribute product operation manuals; to incorporate certain design and operating features in lasers sold to end users; and to certify and label each laser sold to end users as one of four classes of lasers based on the level of radiation emitted from the laser. In addition, various warning labels must be affixed to the product and certain protective features must be installed, depending upon the class of product.

Foreign Regulation

Many foreign countries in which we market or may market our products have regulatory bodies and restrictions similar to those of the FDA. International sales are subject to foreign government regulation, the requirements of which vary substantially from country to country. The time required to obtain approval by a foreign country may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA clearance and the requirements may differ. Companies are now required to obtain the CE Mark prior to sale of medical devices within the European Union. During this process, the sponsor must demonstrate compliance with the International Organization for Standardization’s manufacturing and quality requirements. We have received CE Marking for our Waterlase and Diode laser systems. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain necessary foreign government approvals or successfully comply with foreign regulations. Our failure to do so could hurt our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Other U.S. Regulation

We and subcontractors also must comply with numerous federal, state and local laws relating to matters such as safe working conditions, manufacturing practices, environmental protection, fire hazard control and hazardous substance disposal. We cannot be sure that we will not be required to incur significant costs to comply with these laws and regulations in the future or that these laws or regulations will not hurt our business, financial condition and results of operations. Unanticipated changes in existing regulatory requirements or adoption of new requirements could hurt our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Environmental

Our manufacturing processes involve the use, generation and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes, including alcohol, adhesives and cleaning materials. As such, we are subject to stringent federal, state and local laws relating to the protection of the environment, including those governing the use, handling and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes. Future environmental laws may require us to alter our manufacturing processes, thereby increasing our manufacturing costs. We believe that our products and manufacturing processes at our facilities comply in all material respects with applicable environmental laws and worker health and safety laws; however, the risk of environmental liabilities cannot be completely eliminated.

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Health Care Fraud and Abuse

In the U.S., there are federal and state anti-kickback laws that generally prohibit the payment or receipt of kickbacks, bribes, or other remuneration in exchange for the referral of patients or other health-related business. For example, the Federal Health Care Programs’ Anti-Kickback Law (42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b(b)) prohibits anyone from, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving any bribe, kickback or other remuneration intended to induce the referral of patients for, or the purchase order, or recommendation of, health care products and services reimbursed by a federal health care program, including Medicare and Medicaid. Recognizing that the federal anti-kickback law is broad and potentially applicable to many commonplace arrangements, Congress and the Office of Inspector General within the Department of Health and Human Services (“OIG”) has created statutory “exceptions” and regulatory “safe harbors.” Exceptions and safe harbors exist for a number of arrangements relevant to our business, including, among other things, payments to bona fide employees, certain discount and rebate arrangements, and certain payment arrangements. Although an arrangement that fits into one or more of these exceptions or safe harbors is immune from prosecution, arrangements that do not fit squarely within an exception or safe harbor do not necessarily violate the law and the OIG or other government enforcement authorities will examine the practice to determine whether it involves the sorts of abuses that the statute was designed to combat. Violations of this federal law can result in significant penalties, including imprisonment, monetary fines and assessments, and exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid and other federal health care programs. Exclusion of a manufacturer, like us, would preclude any federal health care program from paying for its products. In addition to the federal anti-kickback law, many states have their own laws that parallel and implicate anti-kickback restrictions analogous to the federal anti-kickback law, but may apply regardless of whether any federal health care program business is involved. Federal and state anti-kickback laws may affect our sales, marketing and promotional activities, educational programs, pricing and discount practices and policies, and relationships with dental and medical providers by limiting the kinds of arrangements we may have with hospitals, alternate care market providers, physicians, dentists and others in a position to purchase or recommend our products.

Federal and state false claims laws prohibit anyone from presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment to third-party payers that are false or fraudulent. For example, the federal Civil False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. § 3729 et seq.) imposes liability on any person or entity who, among other things, knowingly and willfully presents, or causes to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment by a federal health care program, including Medicaid and Medicare. Some suits filed under the False Claims Act, known as “qui tam” actions, can be brought by a “whistleblower”, or “relater” on behalf of the government and such individuals may share in any amounts paid by the entity to the government in fines or settlement. Manufacturers, like us, can be held liable under false claims laws, even if they do not submit claims to the government, where they are found to have caused submission of false claims by, among other things, providing incorrect coding or billing advice about their products to customers that file claims, or by engaging in kickback arrangements with customers that file claims. A number of states also have false claims laws, and some of these laws may apply to claims for items or services reimbursed under Medicaid and/or commercial insurance. Sanctions under these federal and state laws may include civil monetary penalties, exclusion of a manufacturer’s products from reimbursement under government programs, and imprisonment.

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) created two new federal crimes: health care fraud and false statements related to health care matters. The health care fraud statute prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to defraud any health care benefit program, including private payers. A violation of this statute is a felony and may result in fines, imprisonment or exclusion from government sponsored programs. The false statements statute prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for health care benefits, items or services. A violation of this statute is a felony and may result in fines and imprisonment.

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business.

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Due to the breadth of some of these laws, it is possible that some of our current or future practices might be challenged under one or more of these laws. In addition, there can be no assurance that we would not be required to alter one or more of our practices to be in compliance with these laws. Evolving interpretations of current laws or the adoption of new federal or state laws or regulations could adversely affect many of the arrangements we have with customers and physicians. Our risk of being found in violation of these laws is increased by the fact that some of these laws are broad and open to interpretation. If our past or present operations are found to be in violation of any of these laws, we could be subject to civil and criminal penalties, which could hurt our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Privacy and Security of Health Information

Numerous federal, state, and international laws and regulations govern the collection, use, and disclosure of patient-identifiable health information, including HIPAA. HIPAA applies to covered entities, which include most healthcare (including dental) facilities that purchase and use our products. The HIPAA Privacy Rule restricts the use and disclosure of patient information, and requires covered entities to safeguard that information and to provide certain rights to individuals with respect to that information. The HIPAA Security Rule establishes elaborate requirements for safeguarding patient information transmitted or stored electronically. We are not a covered entity but due to activities that we perform for or on behalf of covered entities, we are sometimes deemed to be a business associate of covered entities.

In certain circumstances, the HIPAA rules require covered entities to contractually bind us, as a business associate, to protect the privacy and security of health information we may encounter during activities like training customers on the use of our products or investigating product performance. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (“HITECH”) enacted in February 2009, made significant amendments to the HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules. Most provisions of HITECH were effective February 17, 2010; however, the new federal health data breach notice provision which requires business associates to notify covered entities of any breach of unsecured health information went into effect in September 2009. Prior to February 17, 2010, our business was not directly subject to the HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules. As a business associate, our privacy and security related obligations were solely contractual in nature and governed by the terms of each business associate agreement. HITECH fundamentally changed a business associate’s obligations by imposing a number of HIPAA Privacy Rule requirements and a majority of HIPAA Security Rule provisions directly on business associates and making business associates directly subject to HIPAA civil and criminal enforcement and the associated penalties for violation of the Privacy and Security Rule requirements. HITECH increased civil penalty amounts for violations of HIPAA by either covered entities or business associates and requires the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to conduct periodic audits to confirm compliance. In addition, HITECH authorizes state attorneys general to bring civil actions in response to violations of HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules that threaten the privacy of state residents. Due to the very recent enactment of HITECH and expected implementing regulations, we are unable to predict what the extent of the impact on our business will be, but these new HITECH requirements may require us to incur additional costs and may restrict our business operations.

The HIPAA standards also apply to the use and disclosure of health information for research, and require the covered entity performing the research to obtain the written authorization of the research subject (or an appropriate waiver) before providing that subject’s health information to sponsors like us for purposes related to the research. These covered entities also typically impose contractual limitations on our use and disclosure of the health information they disclose to us. We may be required to make costly system modifications to comply with the privacy and security requirements that will be imposed on us and our failure to comply may result in liability and adversely affect our business.

Numerous other federal and state laws protect the confidentiality of patient information, including state medical privacy laws and federal and state consumer protection laws. These various laws in many cases are not preempted by the HIPAA rules and may be subject to varying interpretations by the courts and government

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agencies, creating complex compliance issues for us and our customers and potentially exposing us to additional expense, adverse publicity, and liability. Other countries also have, or are developing, laws governing the collection, use, and transmission of personal or patient information and these laws could create liability for us or increase our cost of doing business.

New health information standards, whether implemented pursuant to HIPAA, congressional action or otherwise, could have a significant effect on the manner in which we must handle health care related data, and the cost of complying with these standards could be significant. If we do not properly comply with existing or new laws and regulations related to patient health information we could be subject to criminal or civil sanctions.

Third Party Reimbursement

Dentists and other healthcare providers that purchase our products generally rely on third-party payers, including the Medicare and Medicaid programs and private payers, such as indemnity insurers and managed care plans, to cover and reimburse all or part of the cost of the products and the procedures in which they are used. As a result, demand for our products is dependent in part on the coverage and reimbursement policies of these payers. No uniform coverage or reimbursement policy for medical technology exists among all third-party payers, and coverage and reimbursement can differ significantly from payer to payer.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (the “Affordable Care Act”), enacted in March 2010, is intended to expand health insurance coverage to uninsured persons in the U.S. The impact of this expansion of coverage on the sales of our products is currently unknown. The Affordable Care Act includes Medicare reimbursement policy, payment and health care delivery system, and coverage reforms, including development, implementation, and revision to prospective payment systems, any of which may adversely impact third-party reimbursements received by our end-user customers. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”), the federal agency responsible for administering the Medicare program, along with its contractors, establish coverage and reimbursement policies for the Medicare program. In addition, private payers, whom often follow the coverage and reimbursement policies of Medicare, and employer-sponsored health care plans, are subject to rules and penalties under the Affordable Care Act which may also adversely impact third-party reimbursements received by our end-user customers. We cannot assure you that government or private third-party payers will cover and reimburse the procedures using our products in whole or in part in the future or that payment rates will be adequate and we continue to assess the impact of the Affordable Care Act on our business.

In general, we expect Medicare will continue to cover a medical product or procedure when the product or procedure is reasonable and necessary for the diagnosis or treatment of an illness or injury, or to improve the functioning of a malformed body part. Even if the medical product or procedure is considered medically necessary and coverage is available, Medicare may place restrictions on the circumstances where it provides coverage.

Medicare payments also are frequently made under a prospective payment system based on the ambulatory payment classifications (“APCs”), under which individual items and procedures are categorized. Providers of outpatient services typically receive reimbursement the applicable APC payment rate for a procedure regardless of the actual cost for such treatment. Some outpatient services for which our products may be used do not receive separate reimbursement. Rather, their reimbursement is deemed packaged into the APC for an associated procedure, and the payment for that APC does not vary depending on whether the packaged procedure is performed. Some procedures also are paid through Composite APCs, which are APCs that establish a payment rate that applies when a specific combination of services is provided. We believe that most of the procedures being performed with our current products generally are reimbursable, with the exception of cosmetic applications, such as teeth whitening.

Because payments through the prospective payment system are based on predetermined rates and may be less than a provider’s actual costs in furnishing care, providers have incentives to lower their operating costs by

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utilizing products that will decrease labor or otherwise lower their costs. We cannot be certain that dental and medical service providers will purchase our products, despite the clinical benefits and opportunity for cost savings that we believe can be derived from their use. If providers cannot obtain adequate coverage and reimbursement for our products, or the procedures in which they are used, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could suffer.

Employees

At December 31, 2012, the Company employed approximately 219 people. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining agreement and we believe our employee relations are good.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

The executive officers of the Company are elected each year at the organizational meeting of the Board of Directors, which follows the annual meeting of stockholders, and at other Board of Directors meetings, as appropriate.

At March 15, 2013, the executive officers of the Company were as follows:

Federico Pignatelli has served as our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chairman of the Board since September 30, 2010. He served as Chairman of our Board from 1994 until March 2006, at which point he resigned as Chairman of the Board and became Chairman Emeritus. Mr. Pignatelli served as our President from January 2008 until June 2010. From November 2007 to January 2008, Mr. Pignatelli served as interim CEO. He has served as a director since 1991. He is the Founder, and has served as President, of Art & Fashion Group since 1992. Art & Fashion Group is a holding company of an array of businesses providing services to the advertising industry, including the world’s largest complex of digital and film still photography studios for production and post-production. Previously, Mr. Pignatelli was a Managing Director at Gruntal & Company, an investment banking and brokerage firm, and was a Managing Director of Ladenburg, Thalmann & Co., an investment banking and brokerage firm.

Frederick Furry has served as our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) since November 2010 and our Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) since October 2011. From July 2004 to December 2009, Mr. Furry served as an audit partner of Windes & McClaughry. Mr. Furry is a certified public accountant (inactive) and has significant experience working with manufacturing and high technology companies with more than 18 years with public accounting firms, including PricewaterhouseCoopers. He holds a master’s of business administration from the A. Gary Anderson Graduate School of Management at the University of California, Riverside.

Available Information

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available free of charge on our website at http://www.biolase.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such reports with, or furnishes those reports to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. We are providing our internet site solely for the information of investors. We do not intend the address to be an active link or to otherwise incorporate the contents of the website into this report.

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Additional Information

BIOLASE^®, ZipTip^®, ezlase^®, eztips^®, MD Flow^®, Comfortpulse^®, Waterlase^®, iLase^®, iPlus^®, WCLI^®, World Clinical Laser Institute^®, Waterlase MD^®, Waterlase Dentistry^®, Proprietary MD^®, and EZLase It’s So Easy^® are registered trademarks of Biolase, Inc., and Diolase™, HydroPhotonics™, LaserPal™, MD Gold™, Waterlase MD Turbo™, HydroBeam™, Occulase™, Diolase 10™, Body Contour™, Radial Firing Perio Tips™, Deep Pocket Therapy with New Attachment™, 2R™ , Intuitive Power™, Comfortprep^™ , Rapidprep^™ , Bondprep^™ , Intuitive Power™, Occulase iPlus™, Flavorflow™, Occulase MD™, Epic Diode™, Epic Diode Laser™, Biolase Epic™, Epic Laser™, Epic™, Dermalase™, Deltalaser™, Delta™, iStarlaser™, iStar™, Biolase DaVinci Imaging™, Oculase™, Waterlase MDX™, Total Technology Solution™, Geyserlaser™, Geyser™, eplus™, and elase^™ are trademarks of BIOLASE, Inc. All other product and company names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective owners.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

The following risk factors and other information included in this Form 10-K should be carefully considered. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we presently deem less significant may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks come to fruition, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. In these circumstances, the market price of our stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Revenue

Continued global economic uncertainty and volatility in financial markets may continue to adversely affect our liquidity, operating results, and financial condition.

Our business is highly sensitive to changes in general economic conditions as a seller of capital equipment to end users in dental professional practices. Financial markets inside the United States and internationally have experienced extreme disruption in recent times, including, among other things, extreme volatility in security prices, severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, and declining valuations of investments. These disruptions are likely to have an ongoing adverse effect on the world economy. A continuing economic downturn and financial market disruptions may:

We have experienced net losses for each of the past three years and we may experience additional losses and have difficulty achieving profitability in the future.

We have an accumulated deficit of approximately $112.3 million at December 31, 2012. We recorded net losses of approximately $3.1 million, $4.5 million, and $12.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. In order to achieve profitability, we must control our costs and increase net revenue through new sales. Failure to increase our net revenue and decrease our costs could cause our stock price to decline.

Our business is capital intensive and the failure to obtain capital could require that we curtail capital expenditures.

To remain competitive, we must continue to make significant investments in the development of our products, the expansion of our sales and marketing activities and the expansion of our operating and management

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infrastructure as we increase sales domestically and internationally. If cash generated from our operations is insufficient to fund such growth, we may be required to raise additional funds through further debt or equity financings, which may dilute the percentage ownership of existing holders of common stock and which may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the holders of our common stock or may be issued at a discount to the market price of our common stock thereby resulting in dilution to our existing stockholders. If we raise additional funds through debt financing, we may be subject to debt covenants which could place limitations on our operations. We may not be able to raise additional capital on reasonable terms, or at all, or we may use capital more rapidly than anticipated. If we cannot raise the required capital when needed, we may not be able to satisfy the demands of existing and prospective customers and may lose revenue and market share.

The following factors, among others, could affect our ability to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, or at all:

If we are unable to obtain sufficient capital in the future, we may have to curtail our capital expenditures. Any curtailment of our capital expenditures could result in a reduction in net revenue, reduced quality of our products, increased manufacturing costs for our products, harm to our reputation, reduced manufacturing efficiencies or other harm to our business.

Our distributors may cancel, reduce or delay orders of our products, any of which could reduce our revenue.

We rely on exclusive and non-exclusive independent distributors for a declining portion of our sales in North America and a majority of our sales in countries outside of the United States and Canada. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 revenue from distributors accounted for approximately 23%, 42% and 60% of our total net revenue, respectively. Our ability to maintain or increase our revenue will depend in large part on our success in developing and maintaining relationships with our current distributors and developing relationships with new distributors. Our distributors have significant discretion in determining the efforts and resources they apply to the sale of our products. Our distributors may not commit the necessary resources to market and sell our products to the level of our expectations and, regardless of the resources they commit, they may not be successful. From time to time, we may face competition or pricing pressure from one or more of our non-exclusive distributors in certain geographic areas where those distributors are selling inventory to the same customer base as us. Additionally, most of our distributor agreements can be terminated with limited notice, and we may not be able to replace any terminating distributor in a timely manner or on terms agreeable to us, if at all. If we are not able to maintain our distribution network, if our distribution network is not successful in marketing and selling our products, or if we experience a significant reduction in, cancellation or change in the size and timing of orders from our distributors, our revenues could decline significantly.

Dentists and patients have been hesitant in adopting laser technologies and our inability to overcome this hesitancy could limit the market acceptance of our products and market share.

Our dental laser systems represent relatively new technologies in the dental market. Currently, only a small percentage of dentists use lasers to perform dental procedures. Our future success will depend on our ability to

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increase demand for our products by demonstrating the potential performance advantages of our laser systems over traditional methods of treatment and over competitive laser systems to a broad spectrum of dentists and patients. Historically, we have experienced long sales cycles because dentists have been, and may continue to be, slow to adopt new technologies on a widespread basis. As a result, we generally are required to invest a significant amount of time and resources to educate dentists about the benefits of our products in comparison to competing products and technologies before completing a sale, if any.

Factors that may inhibit adoption of laser technologies by dentists include cost and concerns about the safety, efficacy and reliability of lasers. In order to invest in a Waterlase system, a dentist generally needs to invest time to understand the technology, consider how patients may respond to the new technology, assess the financial impact the investment may have on the dentist’s practice and become comfortable performing procedures with our products. Absent an immediate competitive motivation, a dentist may not feel compelled to invest the time required to learn about the potential benefits of using a laser system. Dentists may not accept or adopt our products until they see additional clinical evidence supporting the safety and efficiency of our products or recommendations supporting our laser systems by influential dental practitioners. In addition, economic pressure, caused, for example, by an economic slowdown, changes in healthcare reimbursement or by competitive factors in a specific market, may make dentists reluctant to purchase substantial capital equipment or invest in new technologies. Patient acceptance will depend on the recommendations of dentists and specialists, as well as other factors, including without limitation, the relative effectiveness, safety, reliability and comfort of our systems as compared to other instruments and methods for performing dental procedures. The failure of dental lasers to achieve broad market acceptance would limit sales of our products and have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Any failure in our efforts to train dental practitioners could reduce the market acceptance of Waterlase Dentistry and reduce our revenues.

There is a learning process involved for dental practitioners to become proficient users of our laser systems. It is critical to the success of our sales efforts to adequately train a sufficient number of dental practitioners. Following completion of training, we rely on the trained dental practitioners to advocate the benefits of our products in the broader marketplace. Convincing dental practitioners to dedicate the time and energy necessary for adequate training is challenging, and we cannot assure you that we will be successful in these efforts. If dental practitioners are not properly trained, they may misuse or ineffectively use our products, or may be less likely to appreciate our laser systems. This may also result in unsatisfactory patient outcomes, patient injury, negative publicity or lawsuits against us, any of which could negatively affect our reputation and sales of our laser systems.

If future data proves to be inconsistent with our clinical results or if competitors’ products present more favorable results our revenues may decline.

If new studies or comparative studies generate results that are not as favorable as our clinical results, our revenues may decline. Additionally, if future studies indicate that our competitors’ products are more effective or safer than ours, our revenues may decline. Furthermore, physicians may choose not to purchase our laser systems until they receive additional published long-term clinical evidence and recommendations from prominent physicians that indicate our laser systems are effective for dental applications.

We face competition from other companies, many of which have substantially greater resources than we do. If we do not successfully develop and commercialize enhanced or new products that remain competitive with products or alternative technologies developed by others, we could lose revenue opportunities and customers and our ability to grow our business would be impaired.

A number of competitors have substantially greater capital resources, larger customer bases, larger technical, sales and marketing forces and have established stronger reputations with target customers than ours.

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We compete with a number of domestic and foreign companies that market traditional dental products, such as dental drills, as well as companies that market laser technologies in the dental and medical markets. The marketplace is highly fragmented and very competitive. We expect that the rapid technological changes occurring in the healthcare industry may lead to the entry of new competitors, particularly if dental and medical lasers gain increasing market acceptance. If we do not compete successfully, our revenue and market share may decline.

Our long-term success depends upon our ability to (i) distinguish our products through improving our product performance and pricing, protecting our intellectual property, continuously improving our customer support, accurately timing the introduction of new products, and developing sustainable distribution channels worldwide; and (ii) develop and successful commercialize new products, new or improved technologies, and additional applications for our existing dental and medical lasers.

If our customers cannot obtain third party reimbursement for their use of our products, they may be less inclined to purchase our products.

Our products are generally purchased by dental or medical professionals who have various billing practices and patient mixes. Such practices range from primarily private pay to those who rely heavily on third party payors, such as private insurance or government programs. In the United States, third party payors review and frequently challenge the prices charged for medical services. In many foreign countries, the prices for dental services are predetermined through government regulation. Payors may deny coverage and reimbursement if they determine that the procedure was not medically necessary or that the device used in the procedure was investigational. We believe that most of the procedures being performed with our current products generally are reimbursable, with the exception of cosmetic applications, such as teeth whitening. For the portion of dentists who rely heavily on third party reimbursement, the inability to obtain reimbursement for services using our products could deter them from purchasing or using our products. We cannot predict the effect of future healthcare reforms or changes in financing for health and dental plans. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on the ability of a dental or medical professional to generate a return on investment using our current or future products. Such changes could act as disincentives for capital investments by dental and medical professionals and could have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.

Our ability to use net operating loss carryforwards may be limited.

Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) of 1986 generally imposes an annual limitation on the amount of net operating loss carryforwards that may be used to offset taxable income when a corporation has undergone significant changes in its stock ownership. In 2006, we completed an analysis to determine the applicability of the annual limitations imposed by IRC Section 382 caused by previous changes in our stock ownership and determined that such limitations should not be significant. Based on our analysis, we believe that, as of December 31, 2012, approximately $67.0 million of net operating loss carryforwards were available to us for federal income tax purposes. A detailed analysis will be required at the time we begin utilization of any net operating losses to determine if there is an IRC Section 382 limitation. In addition, any ownership changes qualifying under IRC Section 382 including changes resulting from or affected by our public offering or our stock repurchase plan may adversely affect our ability to use our remaining net operating loss carryforwards. If we lose our ability to use net operating loss carryforwards, any income we generate will be subject to tax earlier than it would be if we were able to use net operating loss carryforwards, resulting in lower profits.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

If the patents that we own or license, or our other intellectual property rights, do not adequately protect our technologies, we may lose market share to our competitors and be unable to operate our business profitably.

Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain and maintain patent protection for our products and technology, to preserve our trade secrets and to operate without infringing the intellectual property

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of others. We rely on patents to establish and maintain proprietary rights in our technology and products. We currently possess a number of issued patents and patent applications with respect to our products and technology; however, we cannot assure that any additional patents will be issued, that the scope of any patent protection will be effective in helping us address our competition or that any of our patents will be held valid if subsequently challenged. It is also possible that our competitors may independently develop similar or more desirable products, duplicate our products or design products that circumvent our patents. Additionally, the laws of foreign countries may not protect our products or intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. In addition, there are numerous proposed changes to the patent laws and rules of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office which, if enacted, may have a significant impact on our ability to protect our technology and enforce our intellectual property rights. For example, Congress is considering several significant changes to the U.S. patent laws, including (among other things) changing from a “first to invent” to a “first inventory to file” system, limiting the time for which a patentee may file a patent suit, requiring the apportionment of patent damages, and creating a post-grant opposition process to challenge patents after they have issued. If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights adequately, our competitive position and financial condition may be adversely affected.

If third parties claim that we infringe their intellectual property rights, we may incur liabilities and costs and may have to redesign or discontinue selling certain products.

We face substantial uncertainty regarding the impact that other parties’ intellectual property positions will have on the markets for dental and other medical lasers. The medical technology industry has in the past been characterized by a substantial amount of litigation and related administrative proceedings regarding patents and intellectual property rights. From time to time, we have received, and expect to continue to receive, notices of claims of infringement, misappropriation or misuse of other parties’ proprietary rights. Some of these claims may lead to litigation. We may not prevail in any future intellectual property infringement litigation given the complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties in litigation. Any claims, with or without merit, may be time-consuming and distracting to management, result in costly litigation or cause product shipment delays. Adverse determinations in litigation could subject us to significant liability and could result in the loss of proprietary rights. A successful lawsuit against us could also force us to cease selling or redesign products that incorporate the infringed intellectual property. Additionally, we could be required to seek a license from the holder of the intellectual property to use the infringed technology, and it is possible that we may not be able to obtain a license on acceptable terms, or at all. Any of the foregoing adverse events could seriously affect our business.

Risks Related to Our Regulatory Environment

Changes in government regulation or the inability to obtain or maintain necessary government approvals could harm our business.

Our products are subject to extensive government regulation, both in the United States and in other countries. To clinically test, manufacture and market products for human use, we must comply with regulations and safety standards set by the FDA and comparable state and foreign agencies. Regulations adopted by the FDA are wide ranging and govern, among other things, product design, development, manufacture and control testing, labeling control, storage, advertising and sales. Generally, products must meet regulatory standards as safe and effective for their intended use before being marketed for human applications. The clearance process is expensive, time-consuming and uncertain. Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements of the FDA can result in an enforcement action which may include a variety of sanctions, including fines, injunctions, civil penalties, recall or seizure of our products, operating restrictions, partial suspension or total shutdown of production and criminal prosecution. The failure to receive or maintain requisite approvals for the use of our products or processes, or significant delays in obtaining such approvals, could prevent us from developing, manufacturing and marketing products and services necessary for us to remain competitive.

Should we develop new products and applications or make any significant modifications to our existing products or labeling, we will need to obtain additional regulatory clearances or approvals to market such products.

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Any modification that could significantly affect a product’s safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a change in its intended use, will require a new FDA 510(k) clearance, or could require a PMA application. The FDA requires each manufacturer to make this determination initially, but the FDA can review any such decision and can disagree with a manufacturer’s determination. If the FDA disagrees with a manufacturer’s determination, the FDA can require the manufacturer to cease marketing and/or recall the modified device until 510(k) clearance or PMA is obtained. If 510(k) clearance is denied and a pre-market approval application is required, we could be required to submit substantially more data, may be required to conduct human clinical testing and would very likely be subject to a significantly longer review period.

Products sold in international markets are also subject to the regulatory requirements of each respective country or region. The regulations of the European Union require that a device have a CE Mark, indicating conformance with European Union laws and regulations before it can be sold in that market. The regulatory international review process varies from country to country. We rely on our distributors and sales representatives in the foreign countries in which we market our products to comply with the regulatory laws of such countries. Failure to comply with the laws of such countries could have a material adverse effect on our operations and, at the very least, could prevent us from continuing to sell products in such countries. In addition, unanticipated changes in existing regulatory requirements or the adoption of new requirements could impose significant costs and burdens on us, which could increase our operating expenses and harm our financial condition.

Changes in the health care industry in the U.S. and elsewhere could adversely affect the demand for our products as well as the way in which we conduct our business. Significantly, President Obama signed health care reform legislation into law that will require most individuals to have health insurance, establish new regulations on health plans, and create insurance pooling mechanisms and other expanded public health care measures. In general, an expansion in government’s role in the U.S. health care industry may lower reimbursements for our products or the procedures for which our products are used, reduce demand for innovative products, reduce volumes for dental and medical procedures and adversely affect our business and results of operations, possibly materially. In addition, as a result of the focus on health care reform, there is risk that Congress may implement changes in laws and regulations governing health care service providers, including measures to control costs, or reductions in reimbursement levels.

We may be subject to or otherwise affected by federal and state health care laws, including fraud and abuse and health information privacy and security laws, and could face penalties if we are unable to fully comply with such regulations, we could face substantial penalties.

We are directly or indirectly, through our customers, subject to extensive regulation by both the federal government and the states and foreign countries in which we conduct our business. The laws that directly or indirectly affect our ability to operate our business include, but are not limited to, the following:

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If our past or present operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above or the other governmental regulations to which we or our customers are subject, we may be subject to the applicable penalty associated with the violation, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations. If we are required to obtain permits or licensure under these laws that we do not already possess, we may become subject to substantial additional regulation or incur significant expense. Any penalties, damages, fines, curtailment or restructuring of our operations would adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results. The risk of our being found in violation of these laws is increased by the fact that many of them have not been fully interpreted by applicable regulatory authorities or the courts, and their provisions are open to a variety of interpretations and additional legal or regulatory change. Any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses, divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business and damage our reputation.

Product sales or introductions may be delayed or canceled as a result of the FDA regulatory process which could cause our sales or profitability to decline.

The process of obtaining and maintaining regulatory approvals and clearances to market a medical device from the FDA and similar regulatory authorities abroad can be costly and time consuming, and we cannot assure you that such approvals and clearances will be granted. Pursuant to FDA regulations, unless exempt, the FDA permits commercial distribution of a new medical device only after the device has received 510(k) clearance or is the subject of an approved pre-market approval application. The FDA will clear marketing of a medical device through the 510(k) process if it is demonstrated that the new product is substantially equivalent to other 510(k)-cleared products. The pre-market approval application process is more costly, lengthy and uncertain than the 510(k) process, and must be supported by extensive data, including data from preclinical studies and human clinical trials. Because we cannot assure you that any new products, or any product enhancements, that we develop will be subject to the shorter 510(k) clearance process, significant delays in the introduction of any new products or product enhancement may occur. We cannot assure you that the FDA will not require a new product or product enhancement to go through the lengthy and expensive pre-market approval application process. Delays in obtaining regulatory clearances and approvals may:

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Although we have obtained 510(k) clearance from the FDA to market our dental laser systems, we cannot assure you that the clearance of these systems will not be withdrawn or that we will not be required to obtain new clearances or approvals for modifications or improvements to our products.

Our products are subject to recall even after receiving FDA clearance or approval; any recalls would harm our reputation, business and financial results.

The FDA and similar governmental bodies in other countries have the authority to require the recall of our products in the event of material deficiencies or defects in design or manufacture. A government mandated or voluntary recall by us could occur as a result of component failures, manufacturing errors or design defects, including defects in labeling. Any recall would divert management’s attention and financial resources and harm our reputation with customers. Any recall involving our laser systems would be particularly harmful to our business and financial results because the laser systems compose such an important part of our portfolio of products.

Our business and results of operations may be adversely affected by provisions of the Affordable Care Act.

Under the Affordable Care Act, we are subject to a 2.3% excise tax payable semi-monthly on U.S. revenues of certain medical devices beginning in January 2013. These taxes are imposed on us whether or not we earn a profit. A significant portion of our product sales to customers located in the U.S. will be subject to this tax. This tax may adversely impact our operating results if we are not able to offset the cost by raising laser sales prices or through other cost improvements. The Affordable Care Act also contains reporting requirements of certain payments made by us to medical and dental practitioners and teaching hospitals (the “Physician Payment Sunshine Act”) which will be published on a publicly available website annually beginning in 2014. This requirement is expected to increase the administrative costs for both manufacturers and health care providers and may result in a decline in our collaborative efforts. A decline in these collaborations may adversely affect advances in our laser technology or may reduce attendance at events at which our technology is demonstrated, which could reduce demand for our products and lead to sales price pressures.

Additionally, the Affordable Care Act may adversely impact third-party reimbursements received by our end-user customers, which may reduce demand for our products. There may be other provisions in the law that could adversely affect our business, and we cannot predict with any certainty the full impact this legislation may have on our business.

Risks Related to Our Business and Operations

Any failure to significantly expand sales of our products with our distribution partners will negatively impact our business.

We currently handle a significant portion of the marketing, distribution, and sales of our products. We also utilize our relationships with domestic and international distributors to market, distribute, and sell our products. We face significant challenges and risks in expanding, training, managing, and retaining our sales and marketing teams, including managing geographically dispersed operations. We rely on independent distributors to market and sell our products in a number of countries outside of the United States. These distributors may not commit the necessary resources to effectively market and sell our products, and they may terminate their relationships with us at any time with limited notice. If we are unable to expand our sales and marketing capabilities domestically and internationally, or if the relationship with our distribution partners does not produce the expected results, we may not be able to effectively commercialize our products, which could harm our business and cause the price of our common stock to decline.

We may incur problems in manufacturing our products which may harm our business.

In order to grow our business, we must expand our manufacturing capabilities to produce the systems and accessories necessary to meet any demand we may experience. We may encounter difficulties in increasing the

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production of our products, including problems involving production capacity and yields, quality control and assurance, component supply, and shortages of qualified personnel. In addition, before we can begin commercial manufacture of our products, we must ensure our manufacturing facilities, processes, and quality systems, and the manufacture of our laser systems comply with FDA regulations governing facility compliance, quality control, and documentation policies and procedures. In addition, our manufacturing facilities are continuously subject to periodic inspections by the FDA, as well as various state agencies and foreign regulatory agencies. From time to time, we may expend significant resources in obtaining, maintaining and remedying our compliance with these requirements. Our success will depend in part upon our ability to manufacture our products in compliance with the FDA’s QSR and other regulatory requirements. We have experienced quality issues with components of our products supplied by third parties. If we do not succeed in manufacturing our products on a timely basis with acceptable manufacturing costs, while at the same time maintaining good quality control and complying with applicable regulatory requirements, our business could be harmed.

Components used in our products are complex in design and any defects may not be discovered prior to shipment to customers. These defects could result in warranty obligations which would increase our cost and may negatively affect our operating results and our reputation.

In manufacturing our products, we depend upon third parties for the supply of various components. Many of these components require a significant degree of technical expertise to design and produce. If we fail to adequately design, or if our suppliers fail to produce components to specification, or if the suppliers, or we, use defective materials or workmanship in the manufacturing process, the reliability and performance of our products will be compromised. We have experienced such non-compliance with manufacturing specifications in the past and may continue to experience such non-compliance in the future, which could lead to higher costs and reduced gross margins.

Our products may contain defects that cannot be repaired easily and inexpensively, and we have experienced in the past and may experience in the future some or all of the following:

The occurrence of any one or more of the foregoing could materially harm our business.

Product liability claims against us could be costly and could harm our reputation.

The sale of dental and medical devices involves the risk of product liability claims against us. Claims could exceed our product liability insurance coverage limits. Our insurance policies are subject to various standard coverage exclusions, including damage to the product itself, losses from recall of our product and losses covered by other forms of insurance such as workers compensation. We cannot be certain that we will be able to successfully defend any claims against us, nor can we be certain that our insurance will cover all liabilities resulting from such claims. In addition, there is no assurance that we will be able to obtain such insurance in the future on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, any product liability claim brought against us could result in harm to our reputation, decreased demand for our products, costs related to litigation, product recalls, loss of revenue, an increase in our product liability insurance rates, or the inability to secure coverage in the future, and may cause our business to suffer.

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Our suppliers may not supply us with a sufficient amount of materials and components or materials and components of adequate quality.

We frequently do not use written supply contracts with our key suppliers; instead, we purchase certain materials and components included in our products from a limited group of suppliers using purchase orders. Our business depends, in part, on our ability to obtain timely deliveries of materials and components in acceptable quality and quantities from our suppliers. Certain components of our products, particularly specialized components used in our lasers, are currently available only from a single source or limited sources. For example, the crystal, fiber, and hand pieces used in our Waterlase systems are each supplied by a separate single supplier. Our dependence on single-source suppliers involves several risks, including limited control over pricing, availability, quality, and delivery schedules. If any one or more of our single-source suppliers cease to provide us with sufficient quantities of our components in a timely manner or on terms acceptable to us, or cease to manufacture components of acceptable quality, we would have to seek alternative sources of manufacturing. We could incur delays while we locate and engage alternative qualified suppliers and we might be unable to engage acceptable alternative suppliers on favorable terms. Any such disruption or increased expenses could harm our business efforts and adversely affect our ability to generate sales. Our reliance on these outside manufacturers and suppliers also subjects us to other risks that could harm our business, including:

Any interruption or delay in the supply of components or materials, or our inability to obtain components or materials from alternate sources at acceptable prices in a timely manner, could impair our ability to meet the demand of our customers and cause them to cancel orders or switch to competitive procedures. We are currently in the process of identifying and qualifying alternate source suppliers for our key components. There can be no assurance, however, that we will successfully identify and qualify an alternate source supplier for any of our key components or that we could enter into an agreement with any such alternate source supplier on terms acceptable to us.

Rapidly changing standards and competing technologies could harm demand for our products or result in significant additional costs.

The markets in which our products compete are subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards, changes in the regulatory environment, and frequent introductions of new devices and evolving dental and surgical techniques. Competing products may emerge which could render our products uncompetitive or obsolete. The process of developing new medical devices is inherently complex and requires regulatory approvals or clearances that can be expensive, time consuming and uncertain. We cannot guarantee that we will successfully identify new product opportunities, identify new and innovative applications of our technology, or be financially or otherwise capable of completing the research and development required to bring new products to market in a timely manner. An inability to expand our product offerings or the application of our technology could limit our growth. In addition, we may incur higher manufacturing costs if manufacturing processes or standards change, and we may need to replace, modify, design or build and install equipment, all of which would require additional capital expenditures.

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We have significant international sales and are subject to risks associated with operating in international markets.

International sales comprise a significant portion of our net revenue and we intend to continue to pursue and expand our international business activities. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, international sales accounted for approximately 29%, 33%, and 36% of our net revenue, respectively. Political and economic conditions outside the United States could make it difficult for us to increase our international revenue or to operate abroad. International operations are subject to many inherent risks, including among others:

We believe that international sales will continue to represent a significant portion of our net revenue, and we intend to expand our international operations further. In international markets where our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars, an increase in the relative value of the dollar against the currency in such markets could indirectly increase the price of our products in those markets and result in a decrease in sales. We do not currently engage in any transactions as a hedge against risks of loss due to foreign currency fluctuations, although we may consider doing so in the future.

Fluctuations in our revenue and operating results on a quarterly and annual basis could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

Our revenue and operating results fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. Historically, we have experienced fluctuations in revenue from quarter to quarter due to seasonality. Revenue in the first quarter typically is lower than average and revenue in the fourth quarter typically is stronger than average due to the buying patterns of dental professionals. In addition, revenue in the third quarter may be affected by vacation patterns which can cause revenue to be flat or lower than in the second quarter of the year. If our quarterly revenue or operating results fall below the expectations of investors, analysts or our previously stated financial guidance, the price of our common stock could decline substantially. Other factors that might cause quarterly fluctuations in our revenue and operating results include the following:

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The expenses we incur are based, in large part, on our expectations regarding future net revenue. Since many of our costs are fixed in the short term, we may be unable to reduce expenses quickly enough to avoid losses if we experience a decrease in net revenue. Accordingly, you should not rely on quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results as an indication of our future performance.

The continued financial crisis and general slowdown of the economy may adversely affect the credit availability and liquidity of our customers and suppliers.

The credit availability and liquidity of our customers and suppliers may be materially affected by the current financial crisis. If our suppliers experience credit or liquidity problems, important sources of raw materials or manufactured goods may be affected. We currently sell our products primarily to dentists in general practice. These dentists often purchase our products with funds they secure through various financing arrangements with third party financial institutions, including credit facilities and short-term loans. If interest rates increase or the availability of credit is otherwise negatively impacted by market conditions, these financing arrangements will be more expensive to our dental customers, which would effectively increase the overall cost of owning our products for our customers and, thereby, may decrease demand for our products. The recent recession made, and may continue to make, such funding less readily available. Any reduction in the sales of our products would cause our business to suffer.

We are subject to a variety of litigation in the course of our business that could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to a variety of litigation incidental to our business, including claims for damages arising out of the use of our products or services and claims relating to intellectual property matters, employment matters, commercial disputes, competition and sales and trading practices, environmental matters, personal injury, and

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insurance coverage. Some of these lawsuits include claims for punitive as well a compensatory damages. The defense of these lawsuits may divert our management’s attention, we may incur significant expenses in defending these lawsuits and we may be required to pay damage awards or settlements or become subject to equitable remedies that could adversely affect our financial condition, operations and results of operations. Moreover, any insurance or indemnification rights that we may have may be insufficient or unavailable to protect us against potential loss exposures. In addition, developments in legal proceedings in any given period may require us to record loss contingency estimates in our financial statements, which could adversely affect our results of operations in any period.

Our operations are consolidated primarily in one facility. A disruption at this facility could result in a prolonged interruption of our business and adversely affect our results of operation and financial condition.

Substantially all of our administrative operations and our manufacturing operations are located at our facility in Irvine, California, which is near known earthquake fault zones. We have taken precautions to safeguard our facilities including disaster recovery planning and off-site backup of computer data; however, a natural disaster such as an earthquake, fire or flood, could seriously harm our business, adversely affect our operations and damage our reputation with customers. Additionally, labor disputes, maintenance requirements, power outages, equipment failures, civil unrest or terrorist attacks affecting our Irvine, California facility may materially and adversely affect our operating results. Our business interruption insurance coverage may not cover all or any of our losses from natural disasters or other disruptions.

If we lose the services of our key personnel, or if we are unable to attract other key personnel, we may not be able to manage our operations or meet our growth objectives.

We are highly dependent on our senior management, especially Federico Pignatelli, our Chief Executive Officer, Fred Furry, our Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, and other key officers. We are also heavily dependent on our engineers and sales and marketing personnel and other highly skilled technical personnel. Our success will depend on our ability to retain our current management, engineers and marketing and sales team and other technical personnel and to attract and retain qualified like personnel in the future. Competition for senior management, engineers, marketing and sales personnel and other specialized technicians is intense and we may not be able to retain our personnel. The loss of the services of members of our key personnel could prevent the implementation and completion of our objectives, including the development and introduction of our products. In general, our officers may terminate their employment at any time without notice for any reason.

Existing or future acquisitions of businesses could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations if we fail to integrate the acquired businesses successfully into our existing operations or if we discover previously undisclosed liabilities.

Successful acquisitions depend upon our ability to identify, negotiate, complete and integrate suitable acquisitions and to obtain any necessary financing. We expect to continue to consider opportunities to acquire or make investments in other technologies, products and businesses that could enhance our capabilities, complement our current products or expand the breadth of our markets or customer base. We have limited experience in acquiring other businesses and technologies. Even if we complete acquisitions, we may experience:

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In addition, an acquisition could materially impair our operating results by causing us to incur debt or requiring us to amortize expenses and acquired assets. We may also discover deficiencies in internal controls, data adequacy and integrity, product quality, regulatory compliance, and product liabilities that we did not uncover prior to our acquisition of such businesses, which could result in us becoming subject to penalties or other liabilities. Any difficulties in the integration of acquired businesses or unexpected penalties or liabilities in connection with such businesses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and result of operations.

If we fail to comply with the reporting obligations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, or if we fail to maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting, our business, results of operations and financial condition and investors’ confidence in us could be materially and adversely affected.

As a public company, we are required to comply with the periodic reporting obligations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, including preparing annual reports, quarterly reports, and current reports. Our failure to prepare and disclose this information in a timely manner and meet our reporting obligations in their entirety could subject us to penalties under federal securities laws and regulations of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC expose us to lawsuits and restrict our ability to access financing on favorable terms, or at all.

Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act added Section 13(p) to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 which requires us to disclose annually whether any conflict minerals, including tantalum, tin, gold and tungsten, that are necessary to the functionality or production of a product manufactured by us originated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or an adjoining country. Components of our products containing these minerals are sourced through various vendors who may have complex supply chains which may change from time to time due to the influence of availability, pricing or other factors in their purchasing decisions. We are required to conduct a good faith and reasonable effort to determine the source of these materials; however, there can be no assurance that members in the supply chain will be willing or able to provide this information or further identify their sources of supply or notify us timely of changes. We must comply with the final rule for the calendar year beginning January 1, 2013 with the first reports due May 31, 2014.

In addition, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (the “Sarbanes Oxley Act”), we are required to evaluate and provide a management report of our systems of internal control over financial reporting. During the course of the evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting, we may identify areas requiring improvement and may be required to design enhanced processes and controls to address issues identified through this review. This could result in significant delays and costs to us and require us to divert substantial resources, including management time from other activities. In addition, if we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the Sarbanes Oxley Act. Moreover, effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent fraud. Any failure to maintain the requirements of Section 404 on a timely basis could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could harm our business, negatively impact the trading price of our stock, and adversely affect investors’ confidence in our company and our ability to access capital markets for financing.

Climate change initiatives may materially and adversely affect our business.

Our manufacturing processes require that we purchase significant quantities of energy from third parties, which results in the generation of greenhouse gases, either directly on-site or indirectly at electric utilities. Both domestic and international legislation to address climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and establishing a price on carbon could create increases in energy costs and price volatility. Considerable international attention is now focused on development of an international policy framework to address climate change. Proposed and existing legislative efforts to control or limit greenhouse gas emissions could affect our energy source and supply choices as well as increase the cost of energy and raw materials derived from sources that generate

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greenhouse gas emissions. If our suppliers are unable to obtain energy at a reasonable cost in the future, the cost of our raw materials may be negatively impacted which could result in increased manufacturing costs.

Risks Related to Our Stock

Our stock price may be volatile, and your investment in our stock could suffer a decline in value.

There has been significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of equity securities, which is often unrelated to the financial performance of the companies issuing the securities. These broad market fluctuations may negatively affect the market price of our stock. The market price and volume of our common stock may fluctuate, and in the past has fluctuated, more dramatically than the stock market in general. You may not be able to resell your shares at or above the price you paid for them due to fluctuations in the market price of our stock caused by changes in our operating performance or prospects and other factors. Some specific factors, in addition to the other risk factors identified above, that may have a significant effect on our stock market price, many of which we cannot control. These include but are not limited to:

You could experience substantial dilution of your investment as a result of subsequent exercises of our outstanding convertible securities or the future grant of equity by us.

You could experience substantial dilution of your investment as a result of subsequent exercises of outstanding options and warrants issued as incentive compensation for services performed by employees, directors, consultants and others or the grant of future equity awarded by us. As of December 31, 2012, an aggregate of 6,950,000 shares of common stock were reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plan, 3,860,000 of which were subject to options outstanding as of that date at a weighted average exercise price of $3.48 per share. In addition, as of December 31, 2012, 852,974 shares of our common stock were subject to warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $5.84 per share. Of the 3,860,000 outstanding stock options at December 31, 2012, 2,314,000 stock options were exercisable. To the extent that outstanding options are exercised, our existing stockholders may incur dilution. We rely heavily on equity awards to motivate current employees and to attract new employees. The grant of future equity awards by us to our employees and other service providers may further dilute our stockholders. We also expect to issue additional shares of our equity securities to raise capital. During 2011, we sold approximately 2.5 million shares of common stock through a controlled equity offering for gross proceeds totaling approximately $9.3 million. We also sold an aggregate of 1.6 million shares in a private placement for gross proceeds totaling approximately $9 million. Our Board of

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Directors declared a 0.5% stock dividend and a 1% stock dividend in each of the four quarters in 2012 and 2011, respectively, which resulted in the issuance of 634,162 shares and 1,165,715 shares, respectively.

Our corporate documents and Delaware law contain provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company and reduce the market price of our stock.

Provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage, delay, or prevent a merger or acquisition involving us that our stockholders may consider favorable. For example, our restated certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board of Directors to issue up to 500,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock. As a result, without further stockholder approval, the Board of Directors has the authority to attach special rights, including voting and dividend rights, to this preferred stock. With these rights, preferred stockholders could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us.

We are also subject to the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Under these provisions, if anyone becomes an “interested stockholder,” we may not enter into a “business combination” with that person for three years without special approval, which could discourage a third party from making a takeover offer and could delay or prevent a change in control of us. An “interested stockholder” generally means(subject to certain exceptions as described in the Delaware General Corporation Law) someone owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock or an affiliate of ours that owned 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock during the past three years.

In addition, we have adopted a stockholder rights plan. Under the stockholder rights plan, if any party acquires 15% or more of our outstanding common stock while the stockholder rights plan remains in place, subject to a number of exceptions set forth in the plan, the holders of these rights, other than the party acquiring the 15% position, will be able to purchase shares of our common stock, or other securities or assets, at a discounted price, causing substantial dilution to the party acquiring the 15% position. Following the acquisition of 15% or more of our stock by any person, without a redemption of the rights or a termination of the stockholder rights plan by the Board of Directors, if we are acquired by or merged with any other entity, holders of these rights, other than the party acquiring the 15% position, will also be able to purchase shares of common stock of the acquiring or surviving entity if the stockholder rights plan continues to remain in place. Our stockholder rights plan could discourage a takeover attempt and make an unsolicited takeover of our company more difficult. As a result, without the approval of our Board of Directors, you may not have the opportunity to sell your shares to a potential acquirer of us at a premium over prevailing market prices. This could reduce the market price of our stock.

We may elect to not declare cash dividends on our stock, or may elect to only pay dividends on an infrequent or irregular basis, and any return on your investment may be limited to the value of our stock.

Our Board of Directors may from time to time declare, and we may pay, cash dividends on our outstanding shares of common stock in the manner and upon the terms and conditions provided by law. However, we may elect to retain all future earnings for the operation and expansion of our business, rather than paying cash dividends on our stock. Any payment of cash dividends on our stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our results of operations, earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, business prospects, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors. In the event our Board of Directors declares any cash dividends, there is no assurance with respect to the amount, timing, or frequency of any such dividends.

Risks Related to Our Revolving Credit Facilities

The terms of our revolving credit facilities impose financial and operating restrictions on us and failure to comply may have an adverse effect on our business, liquidity and financial position.

Our revolving credit facilities contain a number of negative covenants that limit our ability to engage in activities. These covenants limit or restrict, among other things, our ability to:

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These limitations and restrictions may adversely affect our ability to finance our future operations or capital needs or engage in other business activities that may be in our best interests. Further, the revolving credit facilities subject us to various reporting covenants and financial covenants which require us to maintain certain levels of debt ratios and minimum earnings before income taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”).

The lockbox arrangements under the revolving bank facilities provide that substantially all of the income generated is deposited directly into lockbox accounts and then swept into cash management accounts for the benefit of the bank. Cash is disbursed to us only after payment of the applicable debt service and principal.

Our ability to borrow under the revolving bank facilities is subject to compliance with the negative and financial covenants. If we breach any of the covenants in our revolving credit facilities, we may be in default under our revolving credit facilities. If we default, our borrowings under the revolving credit facilities could be declared due and payable, including accrued interest and other fees.

Item 1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2.    Properties

As of December 31, 2012, we owned or leased a total of approximately 73,000 square feet of space worldwide. We lease our corporate headquarters and manufacturing facility which consists of approximately 57,000 square feet in Irvine, California. Our lease expires on April 20, 2015. We also own a 12,000 square foot manufacturing and administrative facility in Floss, Germany. See Note 3 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net.

We believe that our current facilities are sufficient for the current operations of our business and we believe that suitable additional space in various applicable local markets is available to accommodate any needs that may arise.

Item 3.    Legal Proceedings

We disclose material loss contingencies deemed to be reasonably possible and accrue for loss contingencies when, in consultation with our legal advisors, we conclude that a loss is probable and reasonably estimable. The ability to predict the ultimate outcome of such matters involves judgments, estimates and inherent uncertainties. The actual outcome of such matters could differ materially from management’s estimates.

In the normal course of business, we are subject to legal proceedings, lawsuits and other claims. Although the ultimate aggregate amount of probable monetary liability or financial impact with respect to these matters is subject to many uncertainties and is therefore not predictable with assurance, management believes that any monetary liability or financial impact to us from these matters, individually and in the aggregate, would not be material to our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, there can be no assurance with respect to such results, and monetary liability or financial impact to us from these other matters could differ materially from those projected.

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On April 24, 2012, CAO Group, Inc. (“CAO”) filed a lawsuit against us in the United States District Court for the District of Utah, Central Division, alleging patent infringement of U.S. Patent No. 7,485,116 involving our ezLase diode laser. On September 12, 2012, CAO filed a First Amended Complaint, which added claims for (1) business disparagement/injurious falsehood and (2) unfair competition. The new claims are based on a press release that we issued on or about April 30, 2012, which CAO alleges contain statements that are factually inaccurate and falsities that are disparaging to CAO and its diode product. The First Amended Complaint seeks unspecified damages, punitive damages, injunctive relief, treble damages, costs, interest, and attorneys’ fees. On September 14, 2012, we filed an inter partes reexamination request with respect to the asserted patent with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The Court then entered a stay of the lawsuit pending the request for reexamination, which reexamination request was subsequently granted. We plan to vigorously defend against the allegations.

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5.    Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “BIOL.”

The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices for our common stock for the periods indicated:

The above quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail markup, markdown, or commission and may not necessarily represent actual transactions.

As of March 8, 2013, the closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market was $4.23 per share, and the number of stockholders of record was 165. We believe that the number of beneficial owners is substantially greater than the number of record holders because a large portion of our stock is held of record through brokerage firms in “street name.”

Dividend Policy

We currently intend to retain our available funds from earnings for future growth and, therefore, do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Stock dividends are discussed quarterly by our Board of Directors and management. The actual declaration of future stock dividends, and the establishment of record and payment dates, is subject to final determination by our Board of Directors after its review of our financial performance, expected future operations and earnings and any other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant. Our dividend policy may be changed at any time, and from time to time, by our board of directors.

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The following table sets forth certain information relating to our stock dividends declared during 2012 and 2011:

In February 2013, the Board of Directors announced a 2% annual stock dividend policy for 2013 and declared a one-half percent stock dividend (the “March Stock Dividend”) payable March 29, 2013 to stockholders of record on March 15, 2013. Although the Board expressed its desire to continue to declare stock dividends in each quarter, the March Stock Dividend was deemed to be a special dividend and there is no assurance, with respect to the amount or frequency, that any stock dividend will be declared in the future.

Stock Repurchase Program

On August 10, 2011, we announced that our Board of Directors had authorized a stock repurchase program, pursuant to which we may repurchase up to an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of our outstanding common stock. The stock repurchase program became effective on August 12, 2011. We expect to fund the stock repurchase program with existing cash and cash equivalents on hand. Any shares repurchased will be retired and shall resume the status of authorized and unissued shares. Repurchases of our common stock may be made from time to time through a variety of methods, including open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or block transactions. We have no obligation to repurchase shares under the stock repurchase program, and the timing, actual number and value of the shares that are repurchased will be at the discretion of our management and will depend upon a number of considerations, including the trading price of our common stock, general market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The stock repurchase program will expire on August 12, 2013, unless the program is completed sooner, suspended, terminated, or otherwise extended. Pursuant to the stock repurchase program, we repurchased 133,365 shares and 100,500 shares of our common stock at a weighted average price of $1.73 and $2.68 during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Stock repurchase activities under the program are as follows:

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Stock Performance Graph

The following stock performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filings.

The following stock performance graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return for Biolase, Inc. on $100 invested, assuming the reinvestment of all dividends, on December 31, 2007, the last trading day before our 2008 fiscal year, through the end of fiscal 2012 with the cumulative total return on $100 invested for the same period in the NASDAQ Composite Index and the NASDAQ Medical Equipment Index. The historical stock performance shown on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

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Item 6.    Selected Financial Data

The information set forth below is not necessarily indicative of future operations and should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of this Form 10-K, which are incorporated herein by reference, in order to understand further the factors that may affect the comparability of the financial data presented below.

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Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report and the “Risk Factors” included in Part I, Item 1A of this Report, as well as other cautionary statements and risks described elsewhere in this Report, before deciding to purchase, hold or sell our common stock.

Overview

We are a biomedical company that develops, manufactures, and markets lasers in dentistry and medicine and also markets and distributes dental imaging equipment, including cone beam digital x-rays and CAD/CAM intra-oral scanners. Our dental laser systems that allow dentists, periodontists, endodontists, oral surgeons, and other specialists to perform a broad range of dental procedures, including cosmetic and complex surgical applications. Our systems are designed to provide clinically superior performance for many types of dental procedures with less pain and faster recovery times than are generally achieved with drills, scalpels, and other dental instruments. We have clearance from the FDA to market our laser systems in the United States and also have the necessary approvals to sell our laser systems in Canada, the European Union and various other international markets. Our licensed dental imaging equipment and other related products are designed to improve applications and procedures in dentistry and medicine.

We offer two categories of laser system products: Waterlase systems and Diode systems. Our flagship product category, the Waterlase system, uses a patented combination of water and laser energy to perform most procedures currently performed using dental drills, scalpels, and other traditional dental instruments for cutting soft and hard tissue. We also offer our Diode laser systems to perform soft tissue, pain therapy, and cosmetic procedures, including teeth whitening. We currently have approximately 160 issued and 150 pending U.S. and international patents, the majority of which are related to our core Waterlase technology and dental and medical lasers. Since 1998, we have sold over 9,500 Waterlase systems, including more than 5,500 Waterlase MD and iPlus systems, and more than 21,600 laser systems in over 60 countries.

We have suffered recurring losses from operations and have not generated cash from operations for the three years ended December 31, 2012. In order for us to continue operations and discharge our liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business, we must sell our products directly to end-users and through multiple distributors; establish profitable operations through increased sales and reduced operating expenses; and potentially raise additional funds, principally through the additional sales of our securities or debt financings to meet our working capital needs.

We intend to increase sales by increasing our product offerings, by expanding our direct sales force and our distributor relationships both domestically and internationally. Accordingly, we have taken steps during Fiscal 2012, which we believe will improve our financial condition and ultimately improve our financial results, including increasing our product offerings with the launch of the new Epic diode laser system, for which we received the CE Mark in late September 2012 and FDA clearance in October 2012, executing a definitive five-

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year agreement with Copenhagen-based 3Shape Corporation (“3Shape”), making the Company a distributor of 3Shape’s TRIOS^® intra-oral scanning technologies for digital impression-taking solutions in the U.S. and Canada, expanding our direct sales force and certain distributor relationships, and establishing two revolving credit facilities to meet our quarterly working capital needs.

Credit Facilities Established

On May 24, 2012, we entered into two revolving credit facility agreements with Comerica Bank (the “Credit Agreements”), as amended on August 6, 2012, (“Amendment No. 1”), which provide for borrowings against certain domestic accounts receivable and inventory, as set forth in the $4.0 million revolving credit facility agreement (the “Domestic Revolver”), and borrowings against certain export related accounts receivable and inventory, as set forth in the $4.0 million revolving credit facility agreement (the “Ex-Im Revolver”), for a combined aggregate commitment of borrowings up to $8.0 million. The Credit Agreements mature on May 1, 2014 and are secured by substantially all assets now owned or hereinafter acquired. The Credit Agreements require compliance with certain financial and non-financial covenants, as defined therein. If a default occurs, Comerica Bank may declare the amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreements immediately due and payable. As of December 31, 2012, we were in compliance with these covenants.

As additional consideration for the lines of credit, we also issued warrants to Comerica Bank (the “Comerica Warrants”) to purchase up to 80,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.83 per share. The Comerica Warrants vest in four equal quarterly tranches beginning on May 24, 2012 and are exercisable once vested. The Comerica Warrants may be exercised with a cash payment from Comerica Bank, or, in lieu of a cash payment, Comerica Bank may convert the warrants into a number of shares, in whole or in part. In February 2013, Comerica Bank exercised 60,000 of the 80,000 warrants pursuant to the Notice of Exercise resulting in a net issuance of 30,515 shares of common stock. The remaining warrants to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock have an expiration date of May 24, 2017. The $135,000 estimated fair value of the warrants was recorded as equity, resulting in a discount to the credit facilities at issuance. The discount is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the lines of credit. In connection with Amendment No. 1, we reduced the exercise price of the Comerica Warrants from $2.83 to $2.00 per share. The modification to the Comerica Warrants resulted in an incremental expense of $7,000 which was added to the discount and is being amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the Credit Agreements.

Termination of Master Distribution Agreement

In August 2006, we entered into a License and Distribution Agreement with HSIC, a large distributor of healthcare products to office-based practitioners, pursuant to which we granted HSIC the exclusive right to distribute our complete line of dental laser systems, accessories and services in the United States and Canada.

On September 23, 2010, we entered into a Distribution and Supply Agreement with HSIC, effective August 30, 2010, (the “D&S Agreement”), which terminated all prior agreements with HSIC. Under the D&S Agreement, we granted HSIC certain non-exclusive distribution rights in North America and several international markets with respect to our dental laser systems, accessories, and related support and services in certain circumstances. In addition, we granted HSIC exclusivity in selected international markets subject to review of certain performance criteria. In connection with the D&S Agreement, HSIC placed two irrevocable purchase orders totaling $9 million for our products. The first purchase order, totaling $6 million, was for the purchase of iLase systems and was fully satisfied during the first quarter of 2011. The second purchase order, totaling $3 million, was for the purchase of a combination of laser systems and was fully satisfied during the third quarter of 2011. The D&S Agreement granted HSIC a security interest in our inventory and assets, including our intellectual property.

On April 12, 2012, we completed a transaction with HSIC (the “2012 Termination Agreement”) whereby we purchased HSIC’s inventory of Waterlase MD Turbo laser systems for approximately $1.1 million and HSIC

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released its liens on our assets. The arrangement enabled us to remove lien restrictions on our assets, including our inventory and intellectual property, and enabled us to reacquire 153 MD Turbo laser systems at a cost well below market. Pursuant to the terms of the transaction, the entire purchase price was paid by offsetting certain accounts receivable currently due from HSIC from sales made in the normal course of business. None of the funds used to offset the purchase price were related to the original sales of the MD Turbo laser systems that were purchased. As a result of the transaction, we are no longer required to fulfill certain future service obligations and, accordingly, derecognized approximately $155,000 of accounts receivable due from HSIC related to support services previously provided and approximately $142,000 of accrued warranties during the quarter ended March 31, 2012. During the quarter ended June 30, 2012, the Company reversed accrued sales and marketing service liabilities of approximately $350,000 because the liability was extinguished with the closing of the 2012 Termination Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we sold all laser systems purchased under this arrangement at margins consistent with our comparable laser products.

License Agreement

In May 2010, we entered into a License Agreement (the “2010 P&G Agreement”) with Procter & Gamble Company (“P&G”), which replaced an existing license agreement between us and P&G (the “2006 P&G Agreement”). Pursuant to the 2010 P&G Agreement, we agreed to continue granting P&G an exclusive license to certain of our patents to enable P&G to develop products aimed at the consumer market and P&G agreed to pay royalties based on sales of products developed with such intellectual property. The prepaid royalty payments previously paid by P&G were applied to the new exclusive license period from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2010. At this time, we had deferred royalty revenue totaling $1.9 million from the 2006 P&G Agreement. The 2010 P&G Agreement permitted us to recognize $1.5 million in royalty revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010 related to the 2009 and 2010 exclusivity period. As of December 31, 2010, $375,000 remained in long term deferred revenue. On June 28, 2011, we entered into an amendment to the 2010 P&G Agreement (the “2011 P&G Amendment”) which extended the effective period for the 2010 P&G Agreement from December 31, 2010 through June 30, 2011, and resulted in us recognizing the previously deferred $375,000 of revenue as royalty revenue during the quarter ended June 30, 2011.

The 2011 P&G Amendment also provided that effective January 1, 2011, P&G’s exclusive license to our patents converted to a non-exclusive license unless P&G paid us a license payment in the amount of $187,500 by the end of the third quarter of 2011, and at the end of each quarter thereafter, throughout the term of the 2010 P&G Agreement. As a result of P&G not making any payments to us in the third or fourth quarters of the year ended December 31, 2011, their license converted to a non-exclusive license. We are currently engaged in an active collaboration with P&G to commercialize a consumer product utilizing our patents.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported. The following is a summary of those accounting policies that we believe are necessary to understand and evaluate our reported financial results.

Revenue Recognition.    From September 2006 through August 2010, we sold our products in North America through an exclusive distribution relationship with HSIC. Effective August 30, 2010, we began selling our products in North America directly to customers through our direct sales force and through non-exclusive distributors, including HSIC. We sell our products internationally through exclusive and non-exclusive distributors as well as direct to customers in certain countries. Sales are recorded upon shipment from our facility and payment of our invoices is generally due within 90 days or less. Internationally, we sell products through independent distributors, including HSIC in certain countries. We record revenue based on four basic criteria that must be met before revenue can be recognized: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (ii) delivery has occurred and title and the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to our customer, or services have been rendered; (iii) the price is fixed or determinable; and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured.

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Sales of our laser systems include separate deliverables consisting of the product, disposables used with the laser systems, installation, and training. For these sales, effective January 1, 2011, we apply the relative selling price method, which requires that arrangement consideration be allocated at the inception of the arrangement to all deliverables using the relative selling price method. This requires us to use estimated selling prices of each of the deliverables in the total arrangement. The sum of those prices is then compared to the arrangement, and any difference is applied to the separate deliverable ratably. This method also establishes a selling price hierarchy for determining the selling price of a deliverable, which includes: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), if available, (ii) third-party evidence if vendor-specific objective evidence is not available, and (iii) estimated selling price if neither vendor-specific nor third-party evidence is available. VSOE is determined based on the value we sell the undelivered element to a customer as a stand-alone product. Revenue attributable to the undelivered elements is included in deferred revenue when the product is shipped and is recognized when the related service is performed. Disposables not shipped at time of sale and installation services are typically shipped or installed within 30 days. Training is included in deferred revenue when the product is shipped and is recognized when the related service is performed or upon expiration of time offered under the agreement, typically within six months from date of sale. The adoption of the relative selling price method does not significantly change the value of revenue recognized.

The key judgments related to our revenue recognition include the collectability of payment from the customer, the satisfaction of all elements of the arrangement having been delivered, and that no additional customer credits and discounts are needed. We evaluate a customer’s credit worthiness prior to the shipment of the product. Based on our assessment of the available credit information, we may determine the credit risk is higher than normally acceptable, and we will either decline the purchase or defer the revenue until payment is reasonably assured. Future obligations required at the time of sale may also cause us to defer the revenue until the obligation is satisfied.

Although all sales are final, we accept returns of products in certain, limited circumstances and record a provision for sales returns based on historical experience concurrent with the recognition of revenue. The sales returns allowance is recorded as a reduction of accounts receivable and revenue.

Extended warranty contracts, which are sold to our non-distributor customers, are recorded as revenue on a straight-line basis over the period of the contract, which is typically one year.

For sales transactions involving used laser trade-ins, we record the purchased trade-ins as inventory at the fair value of the asset surrendered with the offset to accounts receivable. In determining the estimated fair value of used laser trade-ins, we make an assessment of usable parts, key components, and consider the ultimate resale value of the certified pre-owned (or “CPO”) laser with applicable margins. We sell these CPO laser trade-ins as refurbished lasers following our laser system revenue recognition policy. Trade-in rights are not established nor negotiated with customers during the initial sales transaction of the original lasers. Trade-in rights are promotional events used at our discretion to encourage existing laser customers to purchase new lasers by offering perceived discounts in exchange for customers trading in original lasers. A customer is not required to trade-in a laser nor are we required to accept a trade-in, however, the promotional value offered in exchange for the trade-in laser is not offered without a laser trade-in. The transaction is treated as a monetary transaction as each sale transaction involving a customer trade-in includes significant boot of greater than 25% of the fair value of the exchange. As a monetary transaction, the sale is recognized following our laser system revenue recognition policy. There have been no sales transactions in which the cash consideration was less than 25% of the total transaction value.

We recognize revenue for royalties under licensing agreements for our patented technology when the product using our technology is sold. We estimate and recognize the amount earned based on historical performance and current knowledge about the business operations of our licensees. Historically, our estimates have been consistent with amounts historically reported by the licensees. Licensing revenue related to exclusive licensing arrangements is recognized concurrent with the related exclusivity period.

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From time to time, we may offer sales incentives and promotions on our products. We recognize the cost of sales incentives at the date at which the related revenue is recognized as a reduction in revenue, increase in cost of revenue, or as a selling expense, as applicable, or later, in the case of incentives offered after the initial sale has occurred.

Accounting for Stock-Based Payments.    We recognize compensation cost related to all stock-based payments based on the grant-date fair value.

Valuation of Accounts Receivable.    We maintain an allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable to estimate the risk of extending credit to customers. We evaluate our allowance for doubtful accounts based upon our knowledge of customers and their compliance with credit terms. The evaluation process includes a review of customers’ accounts on a regular basis which incorporates input from sales, service, and finance personnel. The review process evaluates all account balances with amounts outstanding 90 days and other specific amounts for which information obtained indicates that the balance may be uncollectible. The allowance for doubtful accounts is adjusted based on such evaluation, with a corresponding provision included in general and administrative expenses. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when we believe it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. We do not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to our customers.

Valuation of Inventory.    Inventory is valued at the lower of cost, determined using the first-in, first-out method, or market. We periodically evaluate the carrying value of inventory and maintain an allowance for excess and obsolete inventory to adjust the carrying value as necessary to the lower of cost or market. We evaluate quantities on hand, physical condition and technical functionality, as these characteristics may be impacted by anticipated customer demand for current products and new product introductions. Unfavorable changes in estimates of excess and obsolete inventory would result in an increase in cost of revenue and a decrease in gross profit.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets.    Property, plant and equipment, and certain intangibles with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Useful lives are based on our estimate of the period that the assets will generate revenue or otherwise productively support our business goals. We monitor events and changes in circumstances which could indicate that the carrying balances of long-lived assets may exceed the undiscounted expected future cash flows from those assets. If such a condition were to exist, we would determine if an impairment loss should be recognized by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to their fair value.

Valuation of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.    Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized but are evaluated for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. We conducted our annual impairment analysis of our goodwill as of June 30, 2012 and concluded there had been no impairment in goodwill. We closely monitor our stock price and market capitalization and perform such analysis when events or circumstances indicate that there may have been a change to the carrying value of those assets.

Warranty Cost.    We provide warranties against defects in materials and workmanship of our laser systems for specified periods of time. Waterlase systems sold domestically are covered by our warranty for a period of one year while our Diode systems warranty period is for two years from date of sale by us or the distributor to the end-user. Waterlase systems sold internationally are generally covered by our warranty for a period of sixteen months while our Diode systems warranty period is up to twenty eight months from date of sale to the international distributor. Estimated warranty expenses are recorded as an accrued liability with a corresponding provision to cost of revenue. This estimate is recognized concurrent with the recognition of revenue on the sale to the distributor or end-user. Warranty expenses expected to be incurred after one year from the time of sale to the distributor are classified as a long term warranty accrual. Our overall accrual is based on our historical experience and our expectation of future conditions, taking into consideration the location and type of customer and the type of laser, which directly correlate to the materials and components under warranty, the duration of the warranty period, and the logistical costs to service the warranty. Additional factors that may impact our warranty

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accrual include changes in the quality of materials, leadership and training of the production and services departments, knowledge of the lasers and workmanship, training of customers, and adherence to the warranty policies. Additionally, an increase in warranty claims or in the costs associated with servicing those claims would likely result in an increase in the accrual and a decrease in gross profit. We do not offer warranties on imaging products which are covered by the manufacturer’s warranties.

Litigation and Other Contingencies.    We regularly evaluate our exposure to threatened or pending litigation and other business contingencies. Because of the uncertainties related to the amount of loss from litigation and other business contingencies, the recording of losses relating to such exposures requires significant judgment about the potential range of outcomes. As additional information about current or future litigation or other contingencies becomes available, we will assess whether such information warrants the recording of expense relating to contingencies. To be recorded as expense, a loss contingency must be both probable and reasonably estimable. If a loss contingency is material but is not both probable and estimable, we will disclose the matter in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes.    Based upon our operating losses during 2012 and 2011 and the available evidence, management has determined that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2012 will not be realized in the near term, excluding a portion of the foreign deferred tax assets totaling approximately $16,000. Consequently, we have established a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax asset totaling approximately $33.3 and $33.8 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. In this determination, we considered factors such as our earnings history, future projected earnings and tax planning strategies. If sufficient evidence of our ability to generate sufficient future taxable income tax benefits becomes apparent, we may reduce our valuation allowance, resulting in tax benefits in our statement of operations and in additional paid-in-capital. Management evaluates the potential realization of our deferred tax assets and assesses the need for reducing the valuation allowance periodically.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments, consisting of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these items. Financial instruments consisting of lines of credit approximate fair value, as the interest rates associated with the lines of credit approximates the market rates for debt securities with similar terms and risk characteristics.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal market or, if none exists, the most advantageous market, for the specific asset or liability at the measurement date (referred to as the “exit price”). The fair value should be based on assumptions that market participants would use, including a consideration of nonperformance risk. Level 1 measurement of fair value is quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Money market securities.    Money market securities are cash equivalents, which are included in cash and cash equivalents, and consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. We use quoted active market prices for identical assets to measure fair value. We had money market securities of approximately $1.3 million and $0 at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth certain data from our operating results for each of the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, expressed as percentages of revenue: