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Bluerock Residential Growth REIT, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 March (Form 10-Q)

  

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

 

x          QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018

 

OR

 

¨          TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from _______ to ______

 

Commission File Number 001-36369

 

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

Maryland   26-3136483
(State or other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
     
712 Fifth Avenue, 9th Floor, New York, NY   10019
(Address or Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

 

(212) 843-1601

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

 

None

(Former name, former address or former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x   No ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x     No ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large Accelerated Filer ¨   Accelerated Filer x
Non-Accelerated Filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company ¨
      Emerging growth company ¨ 

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨  No x

 

Number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s

classes of common stock, as of May 4, 2018:

Class A Common Stock: 23,753,489 shares

Class C Common Stock: 76,603 shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

FORM 10-Q

March 31, 2018

 

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION  
     
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)  
     
  Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 3
     
  Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 4
     
  Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 5
     
  Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 6
     
  Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 7
     
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 29
     
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 42
     
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 43
     
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION  
     
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 44
     
Item 1A. Risk Factors 44
     
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 44
     
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 44
     
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 44
     
Item 5. Other Information 44
     
Item 6. Exhibits 44
     
SIGNATURES 45

 

2

 

 

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Financial Statements

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

   (Unaudited)     
   March 31,
2018
   December 31,
2017
 
ASSETS          
Net Real Estate Investments          
Land  $172,095   $169,135 
Buildings and improvements   1,302,990    1,244,193 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment   40,998    38,446 
Construction in progress   1,571    985 
Total Gross Real Estate Investments   1,517,654    1,452,759 
Accumulated depreciation   (67,163)   (55,177)
Total Net Real Estate Investments   1,450,491    1,397,582 
Cash and cash equivalents   31,509    35,015 
Restricted cash   25,376    29,575 
Notes and accrued interest receivable from related parties   162,912    140,903 
Due from affiliates   2,243    2,003 
Accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets   13,950    9,689 
Preferred equity investments and investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures   71,309    71,145 
In-place lease intangible assets, net   2,038    4,635 
Total Assets  $1,759,828   $1,690,547 
           
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND EQUITY          
Mortgages payable  $978,473   $939,494 
Revolving credit facilities   99,165    67,670 
Accounts payable   1,168    1,652 
Other accrued liabilities   20,052    22,952 
Due to affiliates   700    1,575 
Distributions payable   11,483    14,287 
Total Liabilities   1,111,041    1,047,630 
8.250% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, 10,875,000 shares authorized; and 5,721,460 issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017   138,939    138,801 
6.000% Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock, liquidation preference $1,000 per share, 725,000 shares authorized; 202,144 and 184,130 issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively   178,433    161,742 
7.625% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, 4,000,000 shares authorized; and 2,323,750 issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017   56,250    56,196 
Equity          
Stockholders’ Equity          
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 230,400,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding        
7.125% Series D Cumulative Preferred Stock, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, 4,000,000   shares authorized; 2,850,602 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017   68,705    68,705 
Common stock - Class A, $0.01 par value, 747,509,582 shares authorized; 23,733,296 and 24,218,359 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively   237    242 
Common stock - Class C, $0.01 par value, 76,603 shares authorized; 76,603 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017   1    1 
Additional paid-in-capital   315,833    318,170 
Distributions in excess of cumulative earnings   (173,632)   (164,286)
Total Stockholders’ Equity   211,144    222,832 
Noncontrolling Interests          
Operating partnership units   41,428    42,999 
    Partially owned properties   22,593    20,347 
Total Noncontrolling Interests   64,021    63,346 
Total Equity   275,165    286,178 
TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND EQUITY  $1,759,828   $1,690,547 

 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

 

3

 

 

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2018   2017 
Revenues        
Net rental income  $32,729   $23,859 
Other property revenues   3,946    2,801 
Interest income from related parties   5,196    1,523 
Total revenues   41,871    28,183 
Expenses          
Property operating   15,658    10,619 
Property management fees   992    732 
General and administrative   4,669    1,449 
Management fees to related parties       2,768 
Acquisition and pursuit costs   43    3,182 
Management internalization       481 
Weather-related losses, net   168     
Depreciation and amortization   15,640    10,944 
Total expenses   37,170    30,175 
Operating income (loss)   4,701    (1,992)
Other income (expense)          
Preferred returns and equity in income of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures   2,461    2,572 
Gain on sale of real estate investments       16,466 
Interest expense, net   (10,117)   (7,118)
Total other (expense) income   (7,656)   11,920 
           
Net (loss) income   (2,955)   9,928 
Preferred stock dividends   (8,248)   (5,851)
Preferred stock accretion   (1,112)   (338)
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests          
Operating partnership units   (2,675)   (56)
Partially owned properties   (215)   8,785 
Net (loss) income attributable to noncontrolling interests   (2,890)   8,729 
Net loss attributable to common stockholders  $(9,425)  $(4,990)
           
Net loss per common share – Basic  $(0.40)  $(0.20)
           
Net loss per common share – Diluted  $(0.40)  $(0.20)
           
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding   24,143,382    24,989,621 
           
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding   24,143,382    24,989,621 

 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

 

4

 

 

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2018

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

 

   Class A Common Stock   Class C Common Stock   Series D Preferred Stock                     
   Number of
Shares
   Par Value   Number of
Shares
   Par Value   Number of
Shares
   Value   Additional
Paid- in
Capital
   Cumulative
Distributions
   Net loss to
Common
Stockholders
   Noncontrolling
Interests
   Total Equity 
Balance, January 1, 2018   24,218,359   $242    76,603   $1    2,850,602   $68,705   $318,170   $(134,817)  $(29,469)  $63,346   $286,178 
                                                        
Issuance of Class A common stock, net   665    -    -    -    -    -    6    -    -    -    6 
Repurchase of Class A common stock   (530,693)   (5)   -    -              (4,199)                  (4,204)
Issuance of LTIP Units for director compensation   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    190    190 
Issuance of LTIP Units for compensation   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    1,240    1,240 
Issuance of Long-Term Incentive Plan ("LTIP") units   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    993    993 
Series B warrants   -    -    -    -    -    -    228    -    -    -    228 
Contributions from noncontrolling interests, nets   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    2,951    2,951 
Common stock distribution declared adjustment   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    79    -    -    79 
Series A Preferred Stock distributions declared   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (2,950)   -    -    (2,950)
Series A Preferred Stock accretion   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (138)   -    -    (138)
Series B Preferred Stock distributions declared   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (2,921)   -    -    (2,921)
Series B Preferred Stock accretion   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (920)   -    -    (920)
Series C Preferred Stock distributions declared   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (1,107)   -    -    (1,107)
Series C Preferred Stock accretion   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (54)   -    -    (54)
Series D Preferred Stock distributions declared   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (1,270)   -    -    (1,270)
Distributions to operating partnership noncontrolling interests   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (175)   (175)
Distributions to partially owned noncontrolling interests   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (490)   (490)
Redemption of Series B Preferred Stock and conversion into Class A common stock   44,965    -    -    -    -    -    482    -    -    -    482 
Cash redemption of Series B Preferred Stock   -    -    -    -    -    -    2    -    -    -    2 
Adjustment for noncontrolling interest ownership in Operating Partnership   -    -    -    -    -    -    1,144    -         (1,144)   - 
Net (loss)   -    -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (65)   (2,890)   (2,955)
                                                        
Balance, March 31, 2018   23,733,296   $237    76,603   $1    2,850,602   $68,705   $315,833   $(144,098)  $(29,534)  $64,021   $275,165 

 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

5

 

 

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

 

   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2018   2017 
         
Cash flows from operating activities          
Net (loss) income  $(2,955)  $9,928 
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:          
Depreciation and amortization   16,230    11,504 
Amortization of fair value adjustments   (108)   (58)
Preferred returns and equity in income of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures   (2,461)   (2,572)
Gain on sale of real estate investments       (16,466)
Distributions of income and preferred returns from preferred equity investments and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures   2,224    2,633 
Share-based compensation attributable to stock compensation plan   1,430    104 
Share-based compensation to former Manager - LTIP Units   993    2,344 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:          
Due (from) to affiliates, net   (1,891)   428 
Accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets   (3,975)   663 
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities   (3,385)   1,215 
Net cash provided by operating activities   6,102    9,723 
           
Cash flows from investing activities:          
Acquisitions of real estate investments   (61,659)   (116,610)
Capital expenditures   (4,160)   (10,238)
Investment in notes receivable from related parties   (20,994)   (20,395)
Proceeds from sale of real estate investments       28,639 
Investment in unconsolidated real estate joint venture interests   (164)   (15,718)
Net cash used in investing activities   (86,977)   (134,322)
           
Cash flows from financing activities:          
Distributions to common stockholders   (2,348)   (7,130)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests   (1,146)   (15,740)
Distributions to preferred stockholders   (8,143)   (5,552)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests   2,951    91 
Borrowings on mortgages payable   40,000    81,611 
Repayments on mortgages payable   (912)   (664)
Proceeds from revolving credit facilities   47,995     
Repayments of revolving credit facilities   (16,500)    
Payments of deferred financing fees   (1,012)   (719)
Net proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock   6    57,338 
Purchase and retirement of Class A common stock   (4,204)    
Net proceeds from issuance of 6.0% Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock   16,288    20,535 
Net proceeds from issuance of Warrants underlying the Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock   228    355 
Net issuance costs from issuance of 7.125% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock       (50)
Payments to redeem Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock   (33)    
Net cash provided by financing activities   73,170    130,075 
           
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash  $(7,705)  $5,476 
           
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period  $64,590   $127,449 
           
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period  $56,885   $132,925 
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information          
           
Cash paid during the period for interest  $9,655   $6,548 
Conversion of preferred equity investment to note receivable  $   $(14,435)
Distributions payable – declared and unpaid  $11,483   $8,089 
Mortgages assumed by buyer upon sale of real estate assets  $   $(41,419)

 

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

6

 

 

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Note 1 – Organization and Nature of Business

 

Bluerock Residential Growth REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated as a Maryland corporation on July 25, 2008. The Company’s objective is to maximize long-term stockholder value by acquiring and developing well-located institutional-quality apartment properties in knowledge economy growth markets across the United States. The Company seeks to maximize returns through investments where it believes it can drive substantial growth in its funds from operations and net asset value primarily through its Core-Plus and Invest-to-Own investment strategies.

 

As of March 31, 2018, the Company owned interests in forty real estate properties, twenty-nine consolidated operating properties and eleven through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments. Of the property interests held through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments, six are under development, four are in leaseup and one property is stabilized. The forty properties contain an aggregate of 12,672 units, comprised of 9,872 consolidated operating units and 2,800 units through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments. As of March 31, 2018, the Company’s consolidated operating properties were approximately 94% occupied.

 

The Company has elected to be treated, and currently qualifies, as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), for federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, the Company generally is not subject to corporate-level income taxes. To maintain its REIT status, the Company is required, among other requirements, to distribute annually at least 90% of its “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), to the Company’s stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it would be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates.

 

Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

 

The Company operates as an umbrella partnership REIT in which Bluerock Residential Holdings, L.P. (its “Operating Partnership”), or the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, owns substantially all of the property interests acquired and investments made on the Company’s behalf. As of March 31, 2018, limited partners other than the Company owned approximately 25.11% of the common units of the Operating Partnership (19.60% is held by holders of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (“OP Units”) and 5.51% is held by holders of the Operating Partnership’s long-term incentive plan units (“LTIP Units”), of which 3.32% are not vested at March 31, 2018).

 

The Company is internally managed and completed the internalization of BRG Manager, LLC (the “former Manager”) on October 31, 2017.

 

Because the Company is the sole general partner of its Operating Partnership and has unilateral control over its management and major operating decisions (even if additional limited partners are admitted to the Operating Partnership), the accounts of the Operating Partnership are consolidated in its consolidated financial statements.

 

The Company also consolidates entities in which it controls more than 50% of the voting equity and in which control does not rest with other investors. Investments in real estate joint ventures over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but for which it does not have financial or operating control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. These entities are reflected on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as “Preferred equity investments and investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures.” All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  The Company will consider future joint ventures for consolidation in accordance with the provisions required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810: Consolidation.

 

Certain amounts in prior year financial statement presentation have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. 

 

Preferred Equity Investments and Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures

 

The Company first analyzes its investments in joint ventures to determine if the joint venture is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in accordance with ASC 810 and if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary requiring consolidation.  A VIE is an entity that has (i) insufficient equity to permit it to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or (ii) equity holders that lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest.  VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary, which is the entity that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that potentially could be significant to the entity.  Variable interests in a VIE are contractual, ownership, or other financial interests in a VIE that change in value with changes in the fair value of the VIE’s net assets. The Company continuously re-assesses at each level of the joint venture whether the entity is (i) a VIE, and (ii) if the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE.  If it was determined an entity in which the Company holds a joint venture interest qualified as a VIE and the Company was the primary beneficiary, the entity would be consolidated. 

 

7

 

 

If, after consideration of the VIE accounting literature, the Company has determined that an entity is not a VIE, the Company assesses the need for consolidation under all other provisions of ASC 810.  These provisions provide for consolidation of majority-owned entities through a majority voting interest held by the Company providing control, or through determination of control by virtue of the Company being the general partner in a limited partnership or the controlling member of a limited liability company.

 

In assessing whether the Company is in control of and requiring consolidation of the limited liability company and partnership venture structures, the Company evaluates the respective rights and privileges afforded each member or partner (collectively referred to as “member”).  The Company’s member would not be deemed to control the entity if any of the other members have either (i) substantive kickout rights providing the ability to dissolve (liquidate) the entity or otherwise remove the managing member or general partner without cause or (ii) has substantive participating rights in the entity.  Substantive participating rights (whether granted by contract or law) provide for the ability to effectively participate in significant decisions of the entity that would be expected to be made in the ordinary course of business.    

  

If it has been determined that the Company does not have control, but does have the ability to exercise significant influence over the entity, the Company accounts for these unconsolidated investments under the equity method of accounting. The equity method of accounting requires these investments to be initially recorded at cost and subsequently increased (decreased) for the Company’s share of net income (loss), including eliminations for the Company’s share of intercompany transactions, and increased (decreased) for contributions (distributions). The Company’s proportionate share of the results of operations of these investments is reflected in the Company’s earnings or losses.

 

Interim Financial Information

 

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting, and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10-1 of Regulation S-X.  Accordingly, the financial statements for interim reporting do not include all of the information and notes or disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.  Operating results for interim periods should not be considered indicative of the operating results for a full year.

 

The balance sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements.  It is suggested that these condensed financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 13, 2018. 

 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Other than the adoption of accounting pronouncements as described below, there have been no significant changes to the Company’s accounting policies since it filed its audited consolidated financial statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

New Accounting Pronouncements  

 

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows; Restricted Cash" (“ASU 2016-18”). This update requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adjusted the consolidated statement of cash flows as required in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-08. ASU 2016-18 is effective for the Company for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted ASU 2016-18 as of January 1, 2018.

 

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (“ASU 2016-15”). The ASU provides guidance on the treatment of cash receipts and cash payments for certain types of cash transactions, to eliminate diversity in practice in the presentation of the cash flow statement. For public business entities, the amendments in ASU 2016-15 are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company uses the nature of distributions approach. The Company adjusted the consolidated statement of cash flows as required in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-15 in 2018.

 

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In June 2016, the FASB updated ASC Topic 326 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses" with 2016-13 “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-03”). ASU 2016-13 enhances the methodology of measuring expected credit losses to include the use of forward-looking information to better inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods (including interim periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the guidance and has not determined the impact this standard may have on the Company’s financial statements.

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). Under ASU 2016-02, an entity will be required to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on its balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 offers specific accounting guidance for a lessee, a lessor and sale and leaseback transactions. Lessees and lessors are required to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about leasing arrangements to enable a user of the financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. For public companies, ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period, and requires a modified retrospective adoption, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects that, because of the ASU 2016-02’s emphasis on lessee accounting, ASU 2016-02 will not have a material impact on the Company. Consistent with present standards, the Company will continue to account for lease revenue on a straight-line basis. Also, consistent with the Company’s current practice, under ASU 2016-02 only initial direct costs that are incremental to the lessor will be capitalized.

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”). Under the new standard, revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is probable. Revenue is generally recognized net of allowances.  In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers-Deferral of the Effective Date” which deferred the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard until the first quarter of 2018.  Therefore, ASU 2014-09 became effective for the Company in the first quarter of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018.  The ASU allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption. The Company has selected the modified retrospective approach. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which adds guidance on identifying performance obligations within a contract. The majority of the Company's revenue is derived from rental income, which is scoped out from this standard and will be accounted for under ASU 2016-02, Leases, discussed above. The Company's other revenue streams, which were evaluated under this ASU, include but are not limited to other property revenues and interest income from related parties determined not to be within the scope of ASU 2016-02, and gains and losses from real estate dispositions. The adoption by the Company of ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018 did not result in a cumulative adjustment and did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, results of operations, equity or cash flows.

 

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Principal Versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross Versus Net) (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2016-08”), which updates the new revenue standard by clarifying the principal versus agent implementation guidance, but does not change the core principle of the new standard. The updates to the principal versus agent guidance (1) require an entity to determine whether it is a principal or an agent for each distinct good or service (or a distinct bundle of goods or services) to be provided to the customer; (2) illustrate how an entity that is a principal might apply the control principle to goods, services, or rights to services, when another party is involved in providing goods or services to a customer; (3) clarify that the purpose of certain specific control indicators is to support or assist in the assessment of whether an entity controls a specified good or service before it is transferred to the customer, provide more specific guidance on how the indicators should be considered, and clarify that their relevance will vary depending on the facts and circumstances; and (4) revise existing examples and add two new ones to more clearly depict how the guidance should be applied. The effective date and transition requirements for ASU 2016-08 are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (see ASU 2014-09 above). The majority of the Company's revenue is derived from rental income, which is scoped out from this standard and will be accounted for under ASU 2016-02, Leases, discussed above.  The Company adopted ASU 2016-08 as of January 1, 2018.

 

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05 "Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20)" ("ASU 2017-05"). ASU 2017-05 clarifies that a financial asset is within the scope of Subtopic 610-20 if it meets the definition of an in substance nonfinancial asset. ASU 2017-05 also defines the term “in substance nonfinancial asset” and provides guidance on the recognition of gains on sale of real estate investments. It is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. There has been no material impact to the Company upon its adoption of ASU 2017-05 as of January 1, 2018.

 

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Note 3 – Sale of Real Estate Asset and Abandonment of Development Project

 

Sale of Village Green Ann Arbor

 

On February 22, 2017, the Company closed on the sale of the Village Green Ann Arbor property, located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The property was sold for approximately $71.4 million, subject to certain prorations and adjustments typical in such real estate transactions. After deduction for the payoff of the existing mortgage indebtedness encumbering the Village Green Ann Arbor property in the amount of $41.4 million and payment of closing costs and fees of $1.3 million, the sale of the property generated net proceeds of approximately $28.6 million and a gain on sale of approximately $16.7 million, of which the Company’s pro rata share of proceeds was approximately $13.6 million and pro rata share of the gain was approximately $7.8 million.

 

Election to Abandon East San Marco Development

 

On November 24, 2015, the Company entered into a cost-sharing agreement to pursue the acquisition of a tract of real property located in Jacksonville, Florida for the development of a 266-unit, Class A multifamily apartment community with 44,276 square feet of retail space, or the East San Marco Property.  In 2017 the Company elected to abandon pursuit of the development of the East San Marco Property due to significant cost escalations arising from scope changes imposed on the project after the start and from both general and market specific labor and material inflation, which negatively impacted the risk and return profile of the project.  The Company had invested approximately $2.9 million in a controlling equity position in the East San Marco Property prior to abandonment.

 

Note 4 – Investments in Real Estate

 

As of March 31, 2018, the Company was invested in twenty-nine operating real estate properties and eleven development properties through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments. The following tables provide summary information regarding the Company’s consolidated operating properties and preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments, which are either consolidated or accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

 

Consolidated Operating Properties   

 

 Multifamily Community Name  Location  Number of
Units
   Date
Built/Renovated (1)
   Ownership
Interest
 
ARIUM at Palmer Ranch  Sarasota, FL   320    2016    95.0%
ARIUM Glenridge  Atlanta, GA   480    1990    90.0%
ARIUM Grandewood  Orlando, FL   306    2005    100.0%
ARIUM Gulfshore  Naples, FL   368    2016    95.0%
ARIUM Hunter’s Creek  Orlando, FL   532    1999    100.0%
ARIUM Metrowest  Orlando, FL   510    2001    100.0%
ARIUM Palms  Orlando, FL   252    2008    95.0%
ARIUM Pine Lakes  Port St. Lucie, FL   320    2003    85.0%
ARIUM Westside  Atlanta, GA   336    2008    90.0%
Ashton Reserve  Charlotte, NC   473    2015    100.0%
Citrus Tower  Orlando, FL   336    2006    96.8%
Enders Place at Baldwin Park  Orlando, FL   220    2003    92.0%
James at South First  Austin, TX   250    2016    90.0%
Marquis at Crown Ridge  San Antonio, TX   352    2009    90.0%
Marquis at Stone Oak  San Antonio, TX   335    2007    90.0%
Marquis at The Cascades  Tyler, TX   582    2009    90.0%
Marquis at TPC  San Antonio, TX   139    2008    90.0%
Outlook at Greystone  Birmingham, AL   300    2007    100.0%
Park & Kingston  Charlotte, NC   168    2015    100.0%
Preston View  Morrisville, NC   382    2000    100.0%
Roswell City Walk  Roswell, GA   320    2015    98.0%
Sorrel  Frisco, TX   352    2015    95.0%
Sovereign  Fort Worth, TX   322    2015    95.0%
The Brodie  Austin, TX   324    2001    92.5%
The Links at Plum Creek  Castle Rock, CO   264    2000    88.0%
The Mills  Greenville, SC   304    2013    100.0%
The Preserve at Henderson Beach  Destin, FL   340    2009    100.0%
Villages at Cypress Creek  Houston, TX   384    2001    80.0%
Wesley Village  Charlotte, NC   301    2010    100.0%
Total      9,872           

 

(1)Represents date of last significant renovation or year built if there were no renovations.

 

Depreciation expense was $12.1 million and $7.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

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Intangibles related to the Company’s consolidated investments in real estate consist of the value of in-place leases. In-place leases are amortized over the remaining term of the in-place leases, which is approximately six months. Amortization expense related to the in-place leases was $3.6 million and $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

Preferred Equity and Mezzanine Loan Investments

 

Multifamily Community Name  Location 

Actual /

Planned
Number of
Units

   Actual /
Estimated
Initial
Occupancy
  Actual /
Estimated
Construction
Completion
Whetstone  Durham, NC   204   3Q 2014  3Q 2015
Alexan CityCentre  Houston, TX   340   2Q 2017  4Q 2017
Helios  Atlanta, GA   282   2Q 2017  4Q 2017
Alexan Southside Place  Houston, TX   270   4Q 2017  1Q 2018
Lake Boone Trail  Raleigh, NC   245   3Q 2017  4Q 2018
Vickers Village  Roswell, GA   79   3Q 2018  4Q 2018
APOK Townhomes  Boca Raton, FL   90   3Q 2018  1Q 2019
Crescent Perimeter  Atlanta, GA   320   4Q 2018  2Q 2019
Domain  Garland, TX   299   4Q 2018  2Q 2019
West Morehead  Charlotte, NC   286   4Q 2018  2Q 2019
Flagler Village  Fort Lauderdale, FL   385   3Q 2019  3Q 2020
Total      2,800       

 

Note 5 – Acquisition of Real Estate

 

The following describes the Company’s significant acquisition activity during the three months ended March 31, 2018:

 

Acquisition of The Links at Plum Creek

 

On March 26, 2018, the Company, through subsidiaries of its Operating Partnership, acquired an 88.0% interest in a 264-unit apartment community located in Castle Rock, Colorado, known as The Links at Plum Creek for approximately $61.1 million. The purchase price of $61.1 million was funded, in part, with a $40.0 million senior mortgage loan secured by The Links at Plum Creek property.

 

Purchase Price Allocations

 

The acquisition of The Links at Plum Creek has been accounted for as an asset acquisition. The purchase price was allocated to the acquired assets based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.

 

The following table summarizes the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (amounts in thousands): 

 

   Purchase Price Allocation 
Land  $2,960 
Building   45,393 
Building improvements   3,346 
Land improvements   8,019 
Furniture and fixtures   1,044 
In-place leases   897 
Total assets acquired  $61,659 

 

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Note 6 – Notes and Interest Receivable due from Related Party

 

Following is a summary of the Notes and interest receivable due from related parties as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (amounts in thousands):

 

Property  March 31,
 2018
   December 31,
 2017
 
APOK Townhomes  $11,365   $11,365 
Crescent Perimeter   20,868    20,622 
Domain   20,536    20,536 
Flagler Village   75,314    53,668 
Vickers Village   9,936    9,819 
West Morehead   24,893    24,893 
Total  $162,912   $140,903 

 

Following is a summary of the interest income from related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (amounts in thousands):

 

Property  March 31,
 2018
   March 31,
 2017
 
APOK Townhomes  $415   $387 
Crescent Perimeter   762     
Domain   750    233 
Flagler Village   1,996     
Vickers Village   363     
West Morehead   910    903 
Total  $5,196   $1,523 

 

West Morehead Mezzanine Financing

 

On December 29, 2016, the Company, through BRG Morehead NC, LLC, or BRG Morehead NC, an indirect subsidiary, provided a $21.3 million mezzanine loan, or the BRG West Morehead Mezz Loan, to BR Morehead JV Member, LLC, an affiliate of the former Manager, or BR Morehead JV Member. The BRG West Morehead Mezz Loan is secured by BR Morehead JV Member’s approximate 95.0% interest in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Bluerock Special Opportunity + Income Fund II, LLC (“Fund II”), an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of ArchCo Residential, or the West Morehead JV, which intends to develop an approximately 286-unit Class A apartment community located in Charlotte, North Carolina to be known as West Morehead. On January 5, 2017, the Company increased the amount of the BRG West Morehead Mezz Loan to approximately $24.6 million. The BRG West Morehead Mezz Loan matures on the earlier of January 5, 2020, or the maturity date of the West Morehead Construction Loan, as defined below, as extended, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 15.0%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term. The BRG West Morehead Mezz Loan can be prepaid without penalty. The Company has the right to exercise an option to purchase, at the greater of a 25 basis point discount to fair market value or 15% internal rate of return for Fund II, up to a 100% common membership interest in BR Morehead JV Member (the mezzanine borrower), which is 99.5% owned by Fund II and which currently holds an approximate 95.0% interest in the West Morehead JV and in the West Morehead property, subject to certain promote rights of our unaffiliated development partner.

 

In conjunction with the West Morehead development, on December 29, 2016, the West Morehead property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $34.5 million construction loan with an unaffiliated party, or the West Morehead Construction Loan, of which $10.1 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by the West Morehead property. The West Morehead Construction Loan matures on December 29, 2019, and contains two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio and payment of an extension fee. The West Morehead Construction Loan bears interest on a floating basis on the amount drawn based on LIBOR plus 3.75%, subject to a minimum of 4.25%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only until September 2019, with further payments based on twenty-five-year amortization. The West Morehead Construction Loan can be prepaid without penalty.

 

In addition, on December 29, 2016, the West Morehead property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $7.3 million mezzanine loan with an unaffiliated party, of which $7.3 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by membership interest in the joint venture developing the West Morehead property. The loan matures on December 29, 2019, and contains two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio, extension of the West Morehead Construction Loan and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest on a fixed rate of 11.5%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only. The loan can be prepaid prior to maturity provided the lender receives a cumulative return of 30% of its loan amount including all principal and interest paid.

 

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APOK Townhomes Mezzanine Financing

 

On January 6, 2017, the Company, through BRG Boca, LLC, or BRG Boca, an indirect subsidiary, provided a $11.2 million mezzanine loan, or the BRG Boca Mezz Loan, to BRG Boca JV Member, LLC, an affiliate of the former Manager, or BR Boca JV Member. The BRG Boca Mezz Loan is secured by BR Boca JV Member’s approximate 90.0% interest in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of NCC Development Group, or the Boca JV, which intends to develop an approximately 90-unit Class A apartment community located in Boca Raton, Florida to be known as APOK Townhomes. The BRG Boca Mezz Loan matures on the earlier of January 6, 2020, or the maturity of the Boca Construction Loan, defined below, as extended, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 15.0%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term. The BRG Boca Mezz Loan can be prepaid without penalty. The Company has the right to exercise an option to purchase, at the greater of a 25 basis point discount to fair market value or 15% internal rate of return for Fund II, up to a 100% common membership interest in BR Boca JV Member (the mezzanine borrower), which is 99.5% owned by Fund II and which currently holds an approximate 90.0% interest in the Boca JV and in the Boca property, subject to certain promote rights of our unaffiliated development partner.

 

In conjunction with the APOK Townhomes development, on December 29, 2016, the APOK Townhomes property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $18.7 million construction loan with an unaffiliated party, the Boca Construction Loan, of which $8.6 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, which is secured by the APOK Townhomes property. The loan matures on June 29, 2019, and contains two one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, stabilized occupancy and payment of an extension fee. The loan requires interest-only payments at prime plus 0.625%, subject to a floor of 4.125%. The loan can be prepaid without penalty.

 

Domain Mezzanine Financing

 

On March 3, 2017, the Company, through BRG Domain Phase 1, LLC, or BRG Domain 1, an indirect subsidiary, provided a $20.3 million mezzanine loan, or the BRG Domain 1 Mezz Loan, to BR Member Domain Phase 1, LLC, an affiliate of the former Manager, or BR Domain 1 JV Member. The BRG Domain 1 Mezz Loan is secured by BR Domain 1 JV Member’s approximate 95.0% interest in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of ArchCo Residential, or the Domain Phase 1 JV, which intends to develop an approximately 299-unit Class A apartment community located in Garland, Texas. The BRG Domain Phase 1 Mezz Loan matures on the earlier of March 3, 2020, or the maturity of the Domain 1 Construction Loan, defined below, as extended, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 15.0%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term. The BRG Domain 1 Mezz Loan can be prepaid without penalty. The Company has the right to exercise an option to purchase, at the greater of a 25 basis point discount to fair market value or 15% internal rate of return for Fund II, up to a 100% common membership interest in BR Domain 1 JV Member (the mezzanine borrower), which is 99.5% owned by Fund II and which currently holds an approximate 95.0% interest in the Domain 1 JV and in the Domain 1 property, subject to certain promote rights of our unaffiliated development partner.

 

In conjunction with the Domain 1 development, on March 3, 2017, the Domain 1 property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $30.3 million construction loan with an unaffiliated party, or the Domain 1 Construction Loan, of which $5.8 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by the Domain 1 property. The Domain 1 Construction Loan matures on March 3, 2020, and contains two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions including construction completion, a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio and payment of an extension fee. The Domain 1 Construction Loan bears interest on a floating basis on the amount drawn based on LIBOR plus 3.25%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only until March 2020, with further payments based on thirty-year amortization. The Domain 1 Construction Loan can be prepaid without penalty.

 

In addition, on March 3, 2017, the Domain 1 property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $6.4 million mezzanine loan with an unaffiliated party, of which $6.4 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by membership interest in the joint venture developing the Domain 1 property. The loan matures on March 3, 2020, and contains two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio, extension of the Domain 1 Construction Loan and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest on a fixed rate of 12.5%, with 9.5% paid currently. Regular monthly payments are interest-only. The loan can be prepaid prior to maturity provided the lender receives a minimum profit and 1% exit fee.

 

Crescent Perimeter Mezzanine Financing

 

On December 29, 2017, the Company, through BRG Perimeter, LLC, or BRG Perimeter, an indirect subsidiary, provided a $20.6 million mezzanine loan, to BR Perimeter JV Member, LLC, an affiliate of the former Manager, or BR Perimeter JV Member. The BRG Perimeter Mezz Loan is secured by BR Perimeter JV Member’s approximate 60.0% interest in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Bluerock Special Opportunity + Income Fund III, LLC (“Fund III”), an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of Crescent Communities, or the Crescent Perimeter Venture, which intends to develop an approximately 320-unit Class A apartment community located in Atlanta, Georgia to be known as Crescent Perimeter. The BRG Perimeter JV Mezz Loan matures on the later of December 29, 2021, or the maturity date of the Crescent Perimeter Construction Loan, as defined below, as extended, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 15.0%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term. The BRG Perimeter JV Mezz Loan can be prepaid without penalty.

 

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On December 12, 2016, the Crescent Perimeter property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into an approximately $44.7 million construction loan with an unaffiliated party, of which $13.4 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by the Crescent Perimeter development, or the Crescent Perimeter Construction Loan. The loan matures December 12, 2020, with a one-year extension option subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 3.00%, with interest only payments until December 12, 2020, with future payments based on 30-year amortization. The loan can be prepaid without penalty.

 

Vickers Village Mezzanine Financing

 

On December 29, 2017, the Company, through BRG Vickers Roswell, LLC, or BRG Vickers, an indirect subsidiary, provided a $9.8 million mezzanine loan, to BR Vickers Roswell JV Member, LLC, an affiliate of the former Manager, or BR Vickers JV Member. The BRG Vickers Mezz Loan is secured by BR Vickers JV Member’s approximate 80.0% interest in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund III, an affiliate of King Lowry Ventures, or the Vickers Venture, which intends to develop an approximately 79-unit Class A apartment community located in Roswell, Georgia to be known as Vickers Village. The BRG Vickers JV Mezz Loan matures on the latest of December 29, 2020, or the maturity date of the Vickers Construction Loan, as defined below, as extended, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 15.0%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term. The BRG Vickers JV Mezz Loan can be prepaid without penalty.

 

On December 22, 2016, the Vickers Village property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into an approximately $18.0 million construction loan with an unaffiliated party, of which $10.6 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by the Vickers Village development. The loan matures December 1, 2020. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 3.00%, with interest only payments until December 1, 2018, with future payments based on 25-year amortization. The loan can be prepaid without penalty.

 

Flagler Village Mezzanine Financing

 

On December 29, 2017, the Company, through BRG Flagler Village, LLC, or BRG Flagler, an indirect subsidiary, provided a $53.6 million mezzanine loan, or the BRG Flagler Mezz Loan, to BR Flagler JV Member, LLC, an affiliate of the former Manager, or BR Flagler JV Member. The BRG Flagler Mezz Loan was secured by BR Flagler JV Member’s 100.0% interest in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II and Fund III, affiliates of the former Manager, and an affiliate of ArchCo Residential, or the Flagler JV, which intends to develop an approximately 385-unit Class A apartment community located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to be known as Flagler Village. The BRG Flagler Mezz Loan had a maturity date of December 29, 2022 and bore interest at a fixed rate of 15.0%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term. The BRG Flagler Mezz Loan can be prepaid without penalty.

 

On March 28, 2018, in conjunction with the closing of the Flagler Construction Loan, as defined below, the Company, through BRG Flagler, restated the BRG Flagler Mezz Loan and increased the amount to approximately $74.6 million. The restated BRG Flagler Mezz Loan matures on March 28, 2023 and bears interest at a fixed rate of 12.9%. The BRG Flagler Mezz Loan is secured by BR Flagler JV Member’s approximate 97.4% interest in the Flagler JV, subject to certain promote rights of the Company’s unaffiliated development partner, and which is subject to preferred equity of partners holding preferred membership interests in the Flagler Village property. The Company has the right of first offer to purchase the member’s ownership interests in BR Flagler JV Member, or, if applicable, to purchase Flagler Village if BR Flagler JV Member exercises its rights under the Flagler JV to cause the sale of Flagler Village.

 

On March 28, 2018, the Flagler Village property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into an approximately $70.4 million construction loan with an unaffiliated party, of which $1,000 is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by the Flagler Village development, or the Flagler Village Construction Loan. The loan matures March 28, 2022, with a one-year extension option subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio, certificate of occupancy and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest at the greater of 5.0% or a rate of LIBOR plus 3.85%, with interest only payments until March 28, 2022, with future payments after extension based on 30-year amortization. The loan can be prepaid subject to payment of a make-whole premium and exit fee.

 

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Note 7 – Preferred Equity Investments and Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures

 

Following is a summary of the Company’s ownership interests in the investments reported under the equity method of accounting. The carrying amount of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is summarized in the table below (amounts in thousands):

 

Property  March 31,
 2018
   December 31,
 2017
 
         
Alexan CityCentre  $9,408   $9,258 
Alexan Southside Place   20,584    20,584 
APOK Townhomes   7    7 
Crescent Perimeter   12    12 
Domain   12    12 
Flagler Village   44    30 
Helios   16,360    16,360 
Lake Boone Trail   11,930    11,930 
Vickers Village   6    6 
West Morehead   14    14 
Whetstone   12,932    12,932 
Total  $71,309   $71,145 

 

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding equity investments in eleven multi-tiered joint ventures, each of which were created to develop a multifamily property. In each case, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership made a preferred investment in a joint venture, except APOK Townhomes, Crescent Perimeter, Domain, Flagler Village and Vickers Village, which are common interests. The common interests in these joint ventures, as well as preferred interests in some cases, are owned by affiliates of the former Manager. In cases of preferred equity investments, the Company’s preferred equity investment in the joint venture generates a preferred return of 15% on its outstanding capital contributions, unless noted below, and the Company is not allocated any of the income or loss in the joint ventures. The joint venture is the controlling member in an entity whose purpose is to develop a multifamily property. Each joint venture in which the Company owns a preferred interest is required to redeem the Company’s preferred membership interests plus any accrued but unpaid preferred return on the earlier of the date which is six months following the maturity of the related development’s construction loan, or any earlier acceleration or due date, unless noted below. Additionally, the Company has the right, in its sole discretion, to convert its preferred membership interest in each joint venture into a common membership interest for a period of six months from the date upon which 70% of the units in the related development have been leased and occupied.

 

The following provides additional information regarding the Company’s preferred equity investments and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures as of March 31, 2018. The preferred returns and equity in income of the Company’s unconsolidated real estate joint ventures for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 are summarized below (amounts in thousands):

 

   Three Months Ended March 31, 
Property  2018   2017 
Alexan CityCentre  $383   $301 
Alexan Southside Place   802    641 
Domain       141 
EOS       (22)
Flagler Village       (1)
Helios   605    605 
Lake Boone Trail   441    421 
Whetstone   230    486 
Preferred returns and equity in income of unconsolidated joint ventures  $2,461   $2,572 

 

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Summary combined financial information for the Company’s investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, is as follows:

 

   March 31,
 2018
   December 31,
 2017
 
Balance Sheets:          
Real estate, net of depreciation  $448,401   $399,111 
Other assets   76,303    62,667 
Total assets  $524,704   $461,778 
           
Mortgages payable  $388,227   $325,702 
Other liabilities   23,696    25,956 
Total liabilities  $411,923   $351,658 
Members’ equity   112,781    110,120 
Total liabilities and members’ equity  $524,704   $461,778 

   

   Three Months Ended March 31, 
   2018   2017 
Operating Statement:          
Rental revenues  $3,374   $819 
Operating expenses   (2,786)   (498)
Income before debt service and depreciation and amortization   588    321 
Interest expense, net   (1,552)   (1,836)
Depreciation and amortization   (1,936)   (342)
Net loss  $(2,900)  $(1,857)

 

Alexan CityCentre Interests

 

On July 1, 2014, through BRG T&C BLVD Houston, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Bluerock Growth Fund, LLC (“BGF”), Fund II and Fund III, affiliates of the former Manager, and an affiliate of Trammell Crow Residential, to develop a 340-unit Class A apartment community located in Houston, Texas, to be known as Alexan CityCentre. The Company has made a capital commitment of approximately $9.4 million to acquire 100% of the Class A preferred equity interests in BR T&C BLVD JV Member, LLC all of which has been funded as of March 31, 2018 (of which $2.9 million earns a 20% preferred return).

 

On June 7, 2016, the Alexan CityCentre property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a loan modification agreement to amend the terms of its construction loan financing the construction and development of the Alexan CityCentre property (the “Alexan Development”). The maximum principal amount available to the borrower under the terms of the modified loan is $55.1 million of which approximately $55.0 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018. The maturity date is January 1, 2020, subject to a single one-year extension exercisable at the option of the borrower. The interest rate on the loan is a variable per annum rate equal to the prime rate plus 0.5%, or LIBOR plus 3.00%, at the borrower’s option. The loan requires monthly interest payments until the maturity date, after which $60,000 monthly payments of principal will be required in addition to payment of accrued interest during the maturity extension period. Certain unaffiliated third parties agreed to guaranty the completion of the development of the Alexan Development and provided partial guaranties of the borrower’s principal and interest obligations under the loan.

 

The six-month period during which the Company has the right to convert its preferred membership interest into a common membership interest commenced on January 21, 2018, the date on which Alexan Development achieved 70% leased and occupied units. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has not elected to convert into a common membership interest.

 

Alexan Southside Place Interests

 

On January 12, 2015, through BRG Southside, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of its Operating Partnership, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture, along with Fund II and Fund III, which are affiliates of the former Manager, and an affiliate of Trammell Crow Residential, to develop an approximately 270-unit Class A apartment community located in Houston, Texas, to be known as Alexan Southside Place. Alexan Southside Place will be developed upon a tract of land ground leased from Prokop Industries BH, L.P., a Texas limited partnership, by BR Bellaire BLVD, LLC, as tenant under an 85-year ground lease. The Company has made a capital commitment of $20.6 million to acquire 100% of the preferred equity interests in BR Southside Member, LLC, all of which has been funded as of March 31, 2018 (of which $3.3 million earns a 20% preferred return).

 

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In conjunction with the Alexan Southside development, on April 7, 2015, the Alexan Southside leasehold interest holder, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $31.8 million construction loan, of which $27.6 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, which is secured by the leasehold interest in the Alexan Southside Place property. The loan matures on April 7, 2019, and contains a one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest on a floating basis on the amount drawn based on the base rate plus 1.25% or LIBOR plus 2.25%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term, with payments during the extension period based on a thirty-year amortization. The loan can be prepaid without penalty.

 

APOK Townhomes Interests

 

On September 1, 2016, through BRG Boca, LLC, or BRG Boca, a wholly-owned subsidiary of its Operating Partnership, the Company made an investment in a multi-tiered joint venture, along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and NCC Development Group, or the Boca JV, to develop a 90-unit Class A apartment community located in Boca Raton, Florida to be known as APOK Townhomes. On January 6, 2017, (i) Fund II substantially redeemed the common equity investment held by BRG Boca in BR Boca JV Member for $7.3 million, (ii) BRG Boca maintained a 0.5% common interest in BR Boca JV Member, and (iii) the Company, through BRG Boca, provided a mezzanine loan in the amount of $11.2 million to BR Boca JV Member, or the BRG Boca Mezz Loan. See Note 6 for further details regarding APOK Townhomes and the BRG Boca Mezz Loan.

 

Domain Phase 1 Interests

 

On November 20, 2015, through a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, BRG Domain Phase 1, LLC, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of ArchCo Residential, to develop an approximately 299-unit, Class A, apartment community located in Garland, Texas. The property will be developed upon a tract of approximately 10 acres of land. On March 3, 2017, (i) Fund II substantially redeemed the preferred equity investment held by BRG Domain 1 in BR Domain 1 JV Member for $7.1 million, (ii) BRG Domain 1 maintained a 0.5% common interest in BR Domain 1 JV Member, and (iii) the Company, through BRG Domain 1, provided a mezzanine loan in the amount of $20.3 million to BR Domain 1 JV Member, or the BRG Domain 1 Mezz Loan. See Note 6 for further details regarding Domain Phase 1 and the BRG Domain 1 Mezz Loan.

 

Flagler Village Interests

 

On December 18, 2015, through BRG Flagler Village, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, the Company made an investment in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of ArchCo Residential, to develop an approximately 385-unit, Class A apartment community located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. On December 29, 2017, (i) Fund II substantially redeemed the equity investment held by BRG Flagler Village, LLC in BR Flagler JV Member, LLC for $26.3 million, (ii) BRG Flagler Village, LLC maintained a 0.5% common interest in BR Flagler JV Member, and (iii) the Company, through BRG Flagler Village, LLC, provided a mezzanine loan in the amount of $53.6 million to BR Flagler JV Member, LLC, or the BRG Flagler Mezz Loan. See Note 6 for further details regarding Flagler Village and the BRG Flagler Mezz Loan.

 

Helios Interests

 

On May 29, 2015, through BRG Cheshire, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of its Operating Partnership, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture, along with Fund III and an affiliate of Catalyst Development Partners II, to develop a 282-unit Class A apartment community located in Atlanta, Georgia, to be known as Helios Apartments. The Company has made a capital commitment of $16.4 million to acquire 100% of the preferred equity interests in BR Cheshire Member, LLC, all of which has been funded as of March 31, 2018.

 

In conjunction with the Helios development, on December 16, 2015, the Helios property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $38.1 million construction loan which is secured by the fee simple interest in the Helios property, of which approximately $38.0 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018. The loan matures on December 16, 2018, and contains two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest on a floating basis on the amount drawn based on one-month LIBOR plus 2.50%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term, with payments during the extension period based on a thirty-year amortization. The loan can be prepaid without penalty.

 

Lake Boone Trail Interests

 

On December 18, 2015, through BRG Lake Boone, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, BRG Lake Boone, LLC, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of Tribridge Residential, LLC, to develop an approximately 245-unit, Class A apartment community located in Raleigh, North Carolina (“Lake Boone Trail”). The Company has made a capital commitment of $11.9 million to acquire 100% of the preferred equity interests in BR Lake Boone JV Member, LLC, all of which has been funded at March 31, 2018.

 

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In conjunction with the Lake Boone Trail development, on June 23, 2016, the Lake Boone Trail property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $25.2 million construction loan which is secured by the fee simple interest in the Lake Boone Trail property, of which $18.6 million is outstanding as of March 31, 2018. The loan matures on December 23, 2019, and contains one extension option for one year to five years, subject to certain conditions including construction completion, a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest on a floating basis on the amount drawn based on one-month LIBOR plus 2.65%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term, with payments during the extension period based on a thirty-year amortization. The loan can be prepaid without penalty.

 

West Morehead Interests

 

On January 6, 2016, through BRG Morehead NC, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, BRG Morehead NC, LLC, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of ArchCo Residential, to develop an approximately 286-unit Class A apartment community located in Charlotte, North Carolina to be known as West Morehead.  The Company has a 0.5% common equity interest in BR Morehead JV Member, LLC, at March 31, 2018. See Note 6 for further details regarding West Morehead and the BRG West Morehead Mezz Loan.

 

Whetstone Interests

 

On May 20, 2015, through BRG Whetstone Durham, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of its Operating Partnership, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture, along with Fund III and an affiliate of TriBridge Residential, LLC, to acquire a 204-unit Class A apartment community located in Durham, North Carolina, to be known as Whetstone Apartments. The Company has made a capital commitment of $12.9 million to acquire 100% of the preferred equity interests in BR Whetstone Member, LLC, all of which has been funded as of March 31, 2018. On October 2, 2016, the Company entered into an agreement that provided for an extended twelve-month period in which it had a right to convert into common ownership. The Company did not elect to convert into common ownership on October 6, 2017, and therefore its preferred return decreased to 6.5%. Effective April 1, 2017, Whetstone ceased paying its preferred return on a current basis. The accrued preferred return of $1.5 million is shown as a due from affiliates in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company has evaluated the preferred equity investment and accrued preferred return and determined that the investment is not impaired and is fully recoverable.

 

On October 6, 2016, the Whetstone property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a mortgage loan of approximately $26.5 million secured by the Whetstone Apartment property, of which $26.3 million was outstanding as of March 31, 2018. The loan matures on November 1, 2023. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.81%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only until November 1, 2017, with monthly payments beginning December 1, 2017 based on thirty-year amortization. The loan may be prepaid with the greater of 1% prepayment fee or yield maintenance until October 31, 2021, and thereafter at par. The loan is nonrecourse to the Company and its joint venture partners with certain standard scope non-recourse carve-outs for certain deeds, acts or failures to act on the part of the Company and the joint venture partners.

 

Note 8 – Revolving credit facilities

 

The outstanding balances on the revolving credit facilities as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, are as follows:

 

Revolving credit facilities  March 31,
 2018
   December 31,
 2017
 
Senior Credit Facility  $78,049   $67,670 
Junior Credit Facility   21,116     
Total  $99,165   $67,670 

 

Senior Credit Facility

 

On October 4, 2017, the Company, through its Operating Partnership, entered into a credit agreement (the “Senior Credit Facility”) with KeyBank National Association (“KeyBank”) and other lenders. The Senior Credit Facility provides for an initial loan commitment amount of $150 million, which commitment contains an accordion feature up to a maximum commitment of up to $250 million.

 

The Senior Credit Facility matures on October 4, 2020, with a one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions and the payment of an extension fee. Borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at LIBOR plus 1.80% to 2.45%, or the base rate plus 0.80% to 1.45%, depending on the Company’s leverage ratio. The weighted average interest rate was 3.97% at March 31, 2018. The Company pays an unused fee at an annual rate of 0.20% to 0.25% of the unused portion of the Senior Credit Facility, depending on the amount of borrowings outstanding. The Senior Credit Facility contains certain financial and operating covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, minimum liquidity, minimum debt service coverage ratio, and minimum tangible net worth. The Company has guaranteed the obligations under the Senior Credit Facility and provided certain properties as collateral.

 

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Junior Credit Facility

 

On March 20, 2018, the Company, through a subsidiary of its Operating Partnership, entered into a credit agreement (the “Junior Credit Facility”) with KeyBank and other lenders. The Junior Credit Facility provides for a maximum loan commitment amount of $50 million.

 

The Junior Credit Facility matures on March 20, 2019. Borrowings under the Junior Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at LIBOR plus 4.0%, or the base rate plus 3.0%. The weighted average interest rate was 5.86% at March 31, 2018. The Company pays an unused fee at an annual rate of 0.35% to 0.40% of the unused portion of the Junior Credit Facility, depending on the amount of borrowings outstanding. The Junior Credit Facility contains certain financial and operating covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, minimum liquidity, minimum debt service coverage ratio, minimum tangible net worth and minimum equity raise and collateral values. The Company has guaranteed the obligations under the Junior Credit Facility and has pledged certain assets as collateral.

 

The remaining availability of borrowings under the revolving credit facilities at March 31, 2018 is based on the value of the collateral and compliance with various ratios related to those assets and was approximately $23.2 million.

 

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Note 9 – Mortgages Payable

 

The following table summarizes certain information as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, with respect to the Company’s senior mortgage indebtedness (amounts in thousands):

 

    Outstanding Principal     As of March 31, 2018
Property   March 31, 2018     December 31, 2017     Interest Rate     Fixed/ Floating   Maturity Date
ARIUM at Palmer Ranch   $ 26,925     $ 26,925       3.84 %   LIBOR + 2.17% (1)   February 1, 2023
ARIUM Glenridge     48,431       48,431       4.15 %   LIBOR + 2.18% (1)   November 1, 2023
ARIUM Grandewood     34,294       34,294       3.49 %   Floating (2)   December 1, 2024
ARIUM Gulfshore     32,626       32,626       3.84 %   LIBOR + 2.17% (1)   February 1, 2023
ARIUM Hunter’s Creek     72,294       72,294       3.65 %   Fixed   November 1, 2024
ARIUM Palms     24,999       24,999       3.89 %   LIBOR + 2.22% (1)   September 1, 2022
ARIUM Pine Lakes     26,950       26,950       3.95 %   Fixed   November 1, 2023
ARIUM Westside     52,150       52,150       3.68 %   Fixed   August 1, 2023
Ashton Reserve I     31,272       31,401       4.67 %   Fixed   December 1, 2025
Ashton Reserve II     15,270       15,270       4.29 %   LIBOR + 2.62% (1)   January 1, 2026
Citrus Tower     41,438       41,438       4.07 %   Fixed   October 1,2 2024
Enders Place at Baldwin Park (3)     24,169       24,287       4.30 %   Fixed   November 1, 2022
James on South First     26,500       26,500       4.35 %   Fixed   January 1, 2024
Marquis at Crown Ridge     29,071       29,217       3.28 %   LIBOR + 1.61% (1)   June 1, 2024
Marquis at Stone Oak     43,125       43,125       3.28 %   LIBOR + 1.61% (1)   June 1, 2024
Marquis at The Cascades I     33,207       33,207       3.28 %   LIBOR + 1.61% (1)   June 1, 2024
Marquis at The Cascades II     23,175       23,175       3.28 %   LIBOR + 1.61% (1)   June 1, 2024
Marquis at TPC     17,094       17,184       3.28 %   LIBOR + 1.61% (1)   June 1, 2024
Park & Kingston (4)     18,432       18,432       3.41 %   Fixed   April 1, 2020
Preston View     41,066       41,066       3.74 %   LIBOR + 2.07% (1)   March 1, 2024
Roswell City Walk     51,000       51,000       3.63 %   Fixed   December 1, 2026
Sorrel     38,684       38,684       3.96 %   LIBOR + 2.29% (1)   May 1, 2023
Sovereign     28,650       28,788       3.46 %   Fixed   November 10, 2022
The Brodie     34,825       34,825       3.71 %   Fixed   December 1, 2023
The Links at Plum Creek     40,000             4.31 %   Fixed   October 1, 2025
The Mills     26,659       26,777       4.21 %   Fixed   January 1, 2025
The Preserve at Henderson Beach     36,138       36,311       4.65 %   Fixed   January 5, 2023
Villages at Cypress Creek     26,200       26,200       3.23 %   Fixed   October 1, 2022
Wesley Village     40,545       40,545       4.25 %   Fixed   April 1, 2024
Total     985,189       946,101                  
Fair value adjustments     2,530       2,638                  
Deferred financing costs, net     (9,246 )     (9,245 )                
Total   $ 978,473     $ 939,494                  

 

(1) In March 2018, one month LIBOR in effect was 1.67%. One month LIBOR at March 31, 2018 was 1.88%.

(2) The principal balance includes the initial advance of $29.44 million at a floating rate of 1.67% plus one month LIBOR and a $4.85 million supplemental loan at a floating rate of 2.74% plus one month LIBOR. At March 31, 2018, the interest rates on the initial advance and supplemental loan were 3.34% and 4.41%, respectively.

(3) The principal balance includes a $16.5 million loan at a fixed rate of 3.97% and a $7.7 million supplemental loan at a fixed rate of 5.01%.

(4) The principal balance includes a $15.3 million loan at a fixed rate of 3.21% and a $3.2 million supplemental loan at a fixed rate of 4.34%.  

 

Deferred financing costs

 

Costs incurred in obtaining long-term financing, reflected as a reduction of Mortgages Payable in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest method, over the terms of the related debt agreements, as applicable.

 

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The Links at Plum Creek Mortgage Payable

 

On March 26, 2018, the Company, through an indirect subsidiary, entered into a $40.0 million loan secured by The Links at Plum Creek. The loan matures October 1, 2025 and bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.31%, with interest only payments until April 2020, and then monthly payments based on 30-year amortization. After June 30, 2025, the loan may be prepaid without prepayment fee or yield maintenance.

 

Debt maturities

 

As of March 31, 2018, contractual principal payments for the five subsequent years and thereafter are as follows (amounts in thousands):

 

Year  Total 
2018 (April 1-December 31)  $3,668 
2019   8,017 
2020   31,072 
2021   14,050 
2022   112,085 
Thereafter   816,297 
   $985,189 
Add: Unamortized fair value debt adjustment   2,530 
Subtract: Deferred financing costs, net   (9,246)
Total  $978,473 

 

The net book value of real estate assets providing collateral for these above borrowings, including the revolving credit facilities, were $1,450.3 million and $1,397.4 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

 

The mortgage loans encumbering the Company’s properties are generally nonrecourse, subject to certain exceptions for which the Company would be liable for any resulting losses incurred by the lender.  These exceptions vary from loan to loan but generally include fraud or a material misrepresentation, misstatement or omission by the borrower, intentional or grossly negligent conduct by the borrower that harms the property or results in a loss to the lender, filing of a bankruptcy petition by the borrower, either directly or indirectly and certain environmental liabilities.  In addition, upon the occurrence of certain events, such as fraud or filing of a bankruptcy petition by the borrower, the Company or our joint ventures would be liable for the entire outstanding balance of the loan, all interest accrued thereon and certain other costs, including penalties and expenses.

 

Note 10 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company believes the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, due to and from affiliates, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and distributions payable approximate their fair value based on their highly-liquid nature and/or short-term maturities.  Based on the discounted amount of future cash flows currently available to the Company for similar liabilities, the fair value of the Company’s mortgages payable is estimated at $975.9 million and $940.7 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the carrying amounts, before adjustments for deferred financing costs, net, of $987.7 million and $948.7 million, respectively.  The fair value of mortgages payable is estimated based on the Company’s current interest rates (Level 3 inputs, as defined in ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement”) for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

 

Note 11 – Related Party Transactions

 

Former Management Agreement

 

The Company entered into a management agreement (the “Management Agreement”) with the former Manager, at its Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) on April 2, 2014. On October 31, 2017, upon the Company’s acquisition of a newly-formed entity owning the assets used by the former Manager in its performance of the management functions then provided to the Company pursuant to the Management Agreement, or the Internalization, the Company became internally managed. The current management and investment teams, who were previously employed by an affiliate of the former Manager, became employed by the Company’s indirect subsidiary, and the Company become an internally managed real estate investment trust.

 

While the Company was externally managed, the Management Agreement required the former Manager to manage the Company’s business affairs in conformity with the investment guidelines and other policies that were approved and monitored by the Company’s board of directors. The Company paid the former Manager a base management fee in an amount based on the Company’s stockholders’ existing and contributed equity prior to the IPO and equity raised subsequent to the IPO. The base management fee was payable independent of the performance of the Company’s investments. The Management Agreement provided that the base management fee could be payable in cash or LTIP Units, at the election of the board. The number of LTIP Units issued for the base management fee or incentive fee was based on the fees earned divided by the 5-day trailing average Class A common stock price prior to issuance. Base management fees of $2.3 million were expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and were paid through the issuance of 183,150 Units.

 

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The Company also paid the former Manager an incentive fee based on performance. The incentive fee could be payable in cash or LTIP Units, at the election of the Board. Incentive fees of $0.4 million were expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and were paid through the issuance of 34,803 LTIP Units.

 

In 2015 and 2016, the Company issued grants of LTIP Units under the Amended 2014 Incentive Plans to the former Manager. The LTIP Units vested ratably over a three-year period, subject to certain terms and conditions. These LTIP Units may be convertible into OP Units under certain conditions and then may be settled in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. LTIP expense of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, was recorded as part of general and administrative expenses. The expense recognized during 2017 was based on the Class A common stock closing price at the vesting date or the end of the period, as applicable.

 

The Company was also required to reimburse the former Manager for certain expenses and paid all operating expenses, except those specifically required to be borne by the former Manager under the Management Agreement. Reimbursements of $0.6 million were expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2017, and were recorded as part of general and administrative expenses. In addition, the former Manager was reimbursed for offering costs in conjunction with the January 2017 Common Stock Offering of $0.03 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017.

 

The former Manager retained, at its sole cost and expense, the services of such persons and firms as the former Manager deemed necessary in connection with the Company’s management and operations (including accountants, legal counsel and other professional service providers), provided that such expenses are in amounts no greater than those that would be payable to third-party professionals or consultants engaged to perform such services pursuant to agreements negotiated on an arm’s-length basis.

 

All of the Company’s executive officers, and some of its directors, were also executive officers, managers and/or holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in the former Manager and other Bluerock-affiliated entities.  As a result, they owed fiduciary duties to each of these entities, their members, limited partners and investors, which fiduciary duties may have from time to time conflicted with the fiduciary duties that they owed to the Company and its stockholders.

  

Administrative Services Agreement

 

In connection with the closing of the Internalization, the Company entered into an Administrative Services Agreement with Bluerock Real Estate, LLC and its affiliate, Bluerock Real Estate Holdings, LLC (together “BRE”) (the “Administrative Services Agreement”). Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, BRE will provide the Company with certain human resources, investor relations, marketing, legal and other administrative services (the “Services”) to facilitate a smooth transition in the Company’s management of its operations and enable the Company to benefit from operational efficiencies created by access to such services following closing, to give the Company time to develop such services in-house or to hire other third-party service providers for such services. The Services will be provided on an at-cost basis, generally allocated based on the use of such Services for the benefit of the Company’s business, and shall be invoiced on a quarterly basis. In addition, the Administrative Services Agreement will permit, from time to time, certain employees of the Company to provide or cause to be provided services to BRE, on an at-cost basis, generally allocated based on the use of such services for the benefit of the business of BRE and invoiced on a quarterly basis, and otherwise subject to the terms of the Services to be provided by BRE to the Company under the Administrative Services Agreement. Payment by the Company of invoices and other amounts payable under the Administrative Services Agreement will be made in cash or, in the sole discretion of the Company’s board of directors, in the form of fully-vested LTIP Units.

 

The initial term of the Administrative Services Agreement is one year from the date of execution, subject to the Company’s right to renew it for successive one-year terms upon sixty (60) days written notice prior to expiration. The Administrative Services Agreement will automatically terminate (i) upon termination by the Company of all Services, or (ii) in the event of non-renewal by the Company. Any Company Party will also be able to terminate the Administrative Services Agreement with respect to any individual Service upon written notice to the applicable BRE entity, in which case the specified Service will discontinue as of the date stated in such notice, which date must be at least ninety (90) days from the date of such notice. Further, either BRE entity may terminate the Administrative Services Agreement at any time upon the occurrence of a “Change of Control Event” (as defined therein) upon at least one hundred eighty (180) days prior written notice to the Company.

 

Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, BRE will be responsible for the payment of all employee benefits and any other direct and indirect compensation for the employees of BRE (or their affiliates or permitted subcontractors) assigned to perform the Services, as well as such employees’ worker’s compensation insurance, employment taxes, and other applicable employer liabilities relating to such employees.

 

Recorded as part of general and administrative expenses, reimbursements of $0.1 million and $0.4 million related to payroll and operating expenses, respectively, were expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

 

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Pursuant to the terms of the Management Agreement, summarized below are the related party amounts payable to our former Manager, as well as to BRE, as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

 

   March 31,
2018
   December 31,
2017
 
Amounts Payable to the former Manager under the Management Agreement          
Base management fee  $-   $993 
Total amounts payable to former Manager  $-   $993 
Amounts Payable to BRE under the Administrative Services Agreement          
Operating expense reimbursements and direct expense reimbursements  $523   $508 
Offering expense reimbursements   177    74 
Total amounts payable to BRE  $700   $582 
Total  $700   $1,575 

  

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $2.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively, in receivables due from related parties other than from BRE or the former Manager, primarily for accrued preferred returns on unconsolidated real estate investments for the most recent month.

 

Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees

 

In conjunction with the offering of the Series B Preferred Stock, the Company engaged a related party, as dealer manager, and pays up to 10% of the gross offering proceeds from the offering as selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The dealer manager may re-allow the selling commissions and dealer manager fees to participating broker-dealers, and is expected to incur costs in excess of the 10%, which costs will be borne by the dealer manager. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company has incurred approximately $1.3 million and $0.6 million, in selling commissions and dealer manager fees, respectively. In addition, the former Manager was reimbursed for offering costs in conjunction with the Series B Preferred Offering of $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018, which were recorded as a reduction to the proceeds of the offering.

 

Preferred Equity Investments and Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures

 

The Company invests with related parties in various joint ventures in which the Company owns either preferred or common interests. Please refer to Note 7 for further information.

 

Notes and interest receivable from related party

 

The Company provides mezzanine loans to related parties in conjunction with the developments of multifamily communities. Please refer to Note 6 and 7 for further information.

 

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Note 12 – Stockholders’ Equity

 

Net Loss Per Common Share

 

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders, less dividends on LTIP Units expected to vest plus gains on redemptions on common stock, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and any potential dilutive shares for the period.  Net loss attributable to common stockholders is computed by adjusting net loss for the non-forfeitable dividends paid on non-vested LTIP Units.

 

The Company considers the requirements of the two-class method when preparing earnings per share. The Company has two classes of common stock outstanding, Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and Class C common stock, $0.01 par value per share. The Class C common stock was issued in connection with the Company’s Internalization and is entitled to participate in the Company’s dividends on a one-for-one basis with the Class A common stock. Earnings per share is not affected by the two-class method because the Company’s Class A and C common stock participate in dividends on a one-for-one basis.

 

The following table reconciles the components of basic and diluted net loss per common share (amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

 

   Three Months Ended March 31, 
   2018   2017 
         
Net loss attributable to common stockholders  $(9,425)  $(4,990)
Dividends on LTIP Units expected to vest   (172)   - 
Basic net loss attributable to common stockholders  $(9,597)  $(4,990)
           
Weighted average common shares outstanding (1)   24,143,382    24,989,621 
           
Potential dilutive shares (2)        
Weighted average common shares outstanding and potential dilutive shares (1)   24,143,382    24,989,621 
           
           
Net loss per common share, basic  $(0.40)  $(0.20)
Net loss per common share, diluted  $(0.40)  $(0.20)

 

The effect of the conversion of OP Units and LTIP Units is not reflected in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share, as they are exchangeable for Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The income allocable to such units is allocated on this same basis and reflected as noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. As such, the assumed conversion of these units would have no net impact on the determination of diluted earnings per share.

 

(1)For 2018, amounts relate to shares of the Company’s Class A and Class C common stock outstanding. For 2017, amounts relate to shares of Class A common stock and LTIP Units outstanding.

 

(2)Excludes none and 661 shares of common stock, for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, related to non-vested restricted stock, as the effect would be anti-dilutive.

 

Follow-On Equity Offerings

 

On January 17, 2017, the Company completed an underwritten offering (the “January 2017 Class A Common Stock Offering”) of 4,000,000 shares of its Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share. The offer and sale of the shares were registered with the SEC pursuant to the January 2016 Shelf Registration Statement. The public offering price of $13.15 per share was announced on January 11, 2017. Net proceeds of the January 2017 Class A Common Stock Offering were approximately $49.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering costs. On January 24, 2017, the Company closed on the sale of 600,000 shares of Class A common stock for proceeds of approximately $7.5 million pursuant to the underwriters’ full exercise of the overallotment option.

 

Series B Preferred Stock Offering

 

The Company issued 18,531 shares of Series B Preferred Stock under a continuous registered offering with net proceeds of approximately $16.7 million after commissions and dealer manager fees during the three months ended March 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has sold 203,217 shares of Series B Preferred Stock and 203,217 Warrants to purchase 4,064,340 shares of Class A common stock for net proceeds of approximately $182.9 million after commissions and fees. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, 482 Series B Preferred shares were redeemed through the issuance of 44,965 Class A common shares and 35 Series B Preferred shares were redeemed for approximately $32,550 in cash.

 

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At-the-Market Offerings

 

On August 8, 2016, the Company, its Operating Partnership and its former Manager entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Class A Sales Agreement”) with FBR Capital Markets & Co. (“FBR”). Pursuant to the Class A Sales Agreement, FBR will act as distribution agent with respect to the offering and sale of up to $100,000,000 in shares of Class A common stock in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including without limitation sales made directly on or through the NYSE American, or on any other existing trading market for Class A common stock or through a market maker (the “Class A Common Stock ATM Offering”). The Company has not commenced any sales through the Class A Common Stock ATM Offering.

 

Class A common stock repurchase program

 

In February 2018, the Company authorized a stock repurchase plan to purchase up to $25 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of Class A common stock. The repurchase plan has a term of one year and may be discontinued at any time. The extent to which the Company repurchases shares of its Class A common stock, and the timing of any such purchases, will depend on a variety of factors including general business and market conditions and other corporate considerations. The Company purchased 530,693 shares of Class A common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2018 for a total purchase price of $4.2 million.

 

The following table is a summary of the Class A common stock repurchase activity as of March 31, 2018:

 

Period  Total Number of Shares Purchased   Average Price Paid Per Share   Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Publicly Announced Plan   Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan 
January 1, 2018 through January 31, 2018   -   $-    -   $- 
February 1, 2018 through February 28, 2018   331,090    7.84    331,090    22,398,638 
March 1, 2018 through March 31, 2018   199,603    8.01    199,603    20,795,897 
Total   530,693   $7.92    530,693      

 

Operating Partnership and Long-Term Incentive Plan Units

 

As of March 31, 2018, limited partners other than the Company owned approximately 25.11% of the Operating Partnership (6,230,757 OP Units, or 19.60%, is held by OP Unit holders, and 1,750,606 LTIP Units, or 5.51%, is held by LTIP Unit holders, of which 3.32% are not vested at March 31, 2018). Subject to certain restrictions set forth in the Operating Partnership’s Limited Partnership Agreement, OP Units are exchangeable for Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, or, at the Company’s election, redeemable for cash.

 

Equity Incentive Plans – LTIP Grants

 

Prior to the Internalization, in 2015 and 2016, the Company issued grants of LTIP Units under the Amended 2014 Incentive Plans to the former Manager. The LTIP Units vested ratably over a three-year period, subject to certain terms and conditions. LTIP expense of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, was recorded as part of general and administrative expenses. The expense recognized during 2017 was based on the Class A common stock closing price at the vesting date or the end of the period, as applicable. In conjunction with the Internalization, 212,203 outstanding LTIP Units issued as incentive equity to our former Manager became vested in accordance with their original terms.

 

On February 14, 2017, the Company granted a total of 7,500 LTIP Units to its independent directors under the Amended 2014 Individuals Plan. The fair value of the grants was approximately $0.1 million and the LTIP Units vested immediately.

 

On October 26, 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the Amended 2014 Individuals Plan, (the “Second Amended 2014 Individuals Plan”), and the Amended 2014 Entities Plan, (the “Second Amended 2014 Entities Plan”), and together with the Second Amended 2014 Individuals Plan, the “Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans”. The Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans allow for the issuance of up to an additional 1,075,000 shares of Class A common stock. The Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans provide for the grant of options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, stock awards, stock appreciation rights, performance units, incentive awards and other equity-based awards.

 

On January 1, 2018, the Company granted certain equity grants of LTIPS of the Company’s operating partnership to various executive officers under the Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans. These awards, amounting to 1,056,211 LTIPs, were issued pursuant to the executive officers’ employment and service agreements as time-based LTIPs and performance-based LTIPs. All of these LTIP grants require continuous employment for vesting. Due to a limitation on the number of LTIP Units available for issuance under the Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans, the long-term performance awards were, in aggregate, approximately 81,000 LTIP Units lower than those which the recipients were entitled pursuant to the terms of their respective employments agreements, with the Company planning to issue the remaining LTIP Units at such time as such LTIP Units become available under the Equity Incentive Plans. Time-based LTIPs were issued amounting to 770,854 LTIPs that vest over approximately five years and 160,192 LTIPs that vest over approximately three years. The Company recognizes compensation expense based on the fair value at the date of grant, ratably over the requisite service periods for the time-based LTIPs, thus, the Company recognized approximately $1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Performance-based LTIPs were issued amounting to 125,165 LTIPs, are subject to a three-year performance period, and will vest immediately upon successful achievement of performance based conditions. Performance criteria are primarily based on a mixture of objective internal achievement goals and relative performance against its industry peers, with a minimum, threshold, and maximum performance standard for performance criteria. After the determination of the achievement of the performance criteria, any performance-based LTIP Units that were awarded but do not vest will be canceled. The Company recognizes compensation expense based on the fair value at the date of grant and the probability of achievement of performance criteria over the performance period for the performance-based LTIPs, thus, the Company recognized approximately $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

 

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In addition, on January 1, 2018, the Company granted 6,263 LTIP Units under the Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans to each independent member of the board of directors in payment of the equity portion of their respective annual retainers. The LTIP Units were fully vested upon issuance and thus, the Company recognized expense of approximately $0.2 million immediately based on the fair value at the date of grant.

 

At March 31, 2018, there was $9.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested LTIPs granted under the Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans. The remaining cost is expected to be recognized over a period of 4.1 years.

 

LTIP Units may be convertible into OP Units under certain conditions and then may be settled in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or, at the Company’s election, cash.

 

Distributions

 

Declaration Date  Payable to stockholders
of record as of
   Amount   Date Paid
Class A Common Stock             
October 13, 2017   December 22, 2017   $0.096667   January 5, 2018
December 20, 2017   March 23, 2018   $0.162500   April 5, 2018
Class C Common Stock             
October 13, 2017   December 22, 2017   $0.096667   January 5, 2018
December 20, 2017   March 23, 2018   $0.162500   April 5, 2018
Series A Preferred Stock             
December 8, 2017   December 22, 2017   $0.515625   January 5, 2018
March 9, 2018   March 23, 2018   $0.515625   April 5, 2018
Series B Preferred Stock             
October 13, 2017   December 22, 2017   $5.00   January 5, 2018
January 12, 2018   January 25, 2018   $5.00   February 5, 2018
January 12, 2018   February 23, 2018   $5.00   March 5, 2018
January 12, 2018   March 23, 2018   $5.00   April 5, 2018
Series C Preferred Stock             
December 8, 2017   December 22, 2017   $0.4765625   January 5, 2018
March 9, 2018   March 23, 2018   $0.4765625   April 5, 2018
Series D Preferred Stock             
December 8, 2017   December 22, 2017   $0.4453125   January 5, 2018
March 9, 2018   March 23, 2018   $0.4453125   April 5, 2018

 

A portion of each dividend may constitute a return of capital for tax purposes. There is no assurance that the Company will continue to declare dividends or at this rate. Holders of OP and LTIP Units are entitled to receive "distribution equivalents" at the same time as dividends are paid to holders of the Company's Class A common stock.

 

The Company has a dividend reinvestment plan that allows for participating stockholders to have their dividend distributions automatically invested in additional Class A common shares based on the average price of the shares on the investment date. The Company plans to issue Class A common shares to cover shares required for investment.

 

 Distributions declared and paid for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were as follows (amounts in thousands):

 

   Distributions 
2018  Declared   Paid 
First Quarter          
Class A Common Stock (1)  $(79)  $2,341 
Class C Common Stock       7 
Series A Preferred Stock   2,950    2,950 
Series B Preferred Stock   2,921    2,816 
Series C Preferred Stock   1,107    1,107 
Series D Preferred Stock   1,270    1,270 
OP Units       602 
LTIP Units   175    53 
Total first quarter 2018  $8,344   $11,146 

 

(1) On December 20, 2017, the Company’s board of directors authorized, and the Company declared a quarterly dividend for the first quarter of 2018 equal to a quarterly rate of $0.1625 per share on the Class A and Class C common stock, payable to the stockholders of record as of March 23, 2018, which was paid in cash on April 5, 2018. Holders of OP and LTIP Units are entitled to receive “distribution equivalents” at the same time as dividends are paid to holders of the Class A common stock. The Company recorded an estimated accrued distribution at December 31, 2017 based on the Class A common stock outstanding. Due to the impact of the Class A common stock repurchase program that was initiated in February 2018, the distribution required based on the outstanding Class A common stock at the March 23, 2018 record date was lower than the accrued distribution recorded at December 31, 2017 and therefore, a negative declared distribution is reflected.

 

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Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies

 

The Company is subject to various legal actions and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcome of any legal matter cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that any of these legal proceedings or matters will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations or liquidity of the Company.

 

Note 14 – Subsequent Events

 

Declaration of Dividends

 

Declaration Date  Payable to stockholders
of record as of
   Amount   Payable Date
Series B Preferred Stock             
April 13, 2018   April 25, 2018   $5.00   May 4, 2018
April 13, 2018   May 25, 2018   $5.00   June 5, 2018
April 13, 2018   June 25, 2015   $5.00   July 5, 2018

 

Holders of OP and LTIP Units are entitled to receive "distribution equivalents" at the same time as dividends are paid to holders of the Company's Class A common stock. A portion of each dividend may constitute a return of capital for tax purposes. There is no assurance that the Company will continue to declare dividends or at this rate.

 

 Distributions Paid

 

The following distributions were paid to the Company's stockholders, as well as holders of OP and LTIP Units subsequent to March 31, 2018 (amounts in thousands):

  

Shares  Declaration
Date
  Record Date  Date Paid  Distributions
per Share
   Total
Distribution
 
Class A Common Stock  December 20, 2017  March 23, 2018  April 5, 2018  $0.162500   $3,857 
Class C Common Stock  December 20, 2017  March 23, 2018  April 5, 2018  $0.162500   $12 
Series A Preferred Stock  March 9, 2018  March 23, 2018  April 5, 2018  $0.515625   $2,950 
Series B Preferred Stock  January 12, 2018  March 23, 2018  April 5, 2018  $5.000000   $1,011 
Series C Preferred Stock  March 9, 2018  March 23, 2018  April 5, 2018  $0.4765625   $1,107 
Series D Preferred Stock  March 9, 2018  March 23, 2018  April 5, 2018  $0.4453125   $1,269 
OP Units  December 20, 2017  March 23, 2018  April 5, 2018  $0.162500   $1,012 
LTIP Units  December 20, 2017  March 23, 2018  April 5, 2018  $0.162500   $266 
                    
Series B Preferred Stock  April 13, 2018  April 25, 2018  May 4, 2018  $5.000000   $1,040 
Total                $12,524 

 

Acquisition of Sands Parc

 

On May 1, 2018, the Company, through subsidiaries of its Operating Partnership, acquired a 100.0% interest in a 264-unit apartment community located in Daytona, Florida, known as Sands Parc (“Sands Parc”) for approximately $46.2 million. The purchase price of $46.2 million was funded, in part, with the Company’s Senior Credit Facility secured by the Sands Parc property.

 

Entry into Master Credit Facility with Fannie Mae

 

On April 30, 2018, the Company, through its Operating Partnership, caused BR Metrowest, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, together with certain other subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership, to enter into a Master Credit Facility Agreement (the “Fannie Facility”) with Walker & Dunlop, LLC (“Walker & Dunlop”) as the original lender. The Fannie Facility was issued through Fannie Mae’s Multifamily Delegated Underwriting and Servicing Program and was assigned by Walker & Dunlop to Fannie Mae. The Fannie Facility includes certain restrictive covenants, including indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers and asset sales, and distributions. The Fannie Facility also contains events of default, including payment defaults, covenant defaults, bankruptcy events, and change of control events. The Company has guaranteed the obligations under the Fannie Facility.

 

On April 30, 2018, the Fannie Facility provided for an initial $64.6 million fixed rate advance (the “Initial Advance”), which was used to refinance a loan secured by the multifamily residential property commonly known as ARIUM Metrowest Apartments located in Orlando, Florida. The Initial Advance has a term of eighty-four (84) months and will mature on May 1, 2025. The Initial Advance will bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.43% per annum.

 

On May 3, 2018, the Fannie Facility provided for a $22.1 million fixed rate advance (the “Second Advance”), which was used to refinance a loan secured by the multifamily residential property commonly known as Outlook at Greystone Apartments located in Birmingham, Alabama. The Second Advance has a term of eighty-four (84) months and will mature on June 1, 2025. The Second Advance will bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.30% per annum. The Company may request future fixed rate advances or variable rate advances under the Fannie Facility either by borrowing against the value of the mortgaged properties (based on the valuation methodology established in the Fannie Facility) or adding eligible properties to the collateral pool, subject to customary conditions, including satisfaction of minimum debt service coverage and maximum loan-to-value tests. The proceeds of any future advances made under the Fannie Facility may be used, among other things, for the acquisition and refinancing of additional properties to be identified in the future.

 

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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Bluerock Residential Growth REIT, Inc., and the notes thereto. As used herein, the terms “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Bluerock Residential Growth REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and, as required by context, Bluerock Residential Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to as our “Operating Partnership,” and to their subsidiaries. We refer to Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company, as “Bluerock”, and we refer to our former external manager, BRG Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as our “former Manager.” Both Bluerock and our former Manager are affiliated with the Company.

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts (including any statements concerning investment objectives, other plans and objectives of management for future operations or economic performance, or assumptions or forecasts related thereto) are “forward-looking statements,” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are only predictions. We caution that forward-looking statements are not guarantees. Actual events or our investments and results of operations could differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “should,” “expect,” “could,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “predict,” “potential” or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology.

  

The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions and beliefs that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to:

 

  the factors included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including those set forth under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”
     
  use of proceeds of the Company’s securities offerings;
     
  the competitive environment in which we operate;
     
  real estate risks, including fluctuations in real estate values and the general economic climate in local markets and competition for tenants in such markets;
     
  risks associated with geographic concentration of our investments;
     
  decreased rental rates or increasing vacancy rates;
     
  our ability to lease units in newly acquired or newly constructed apartment properties;
     
  potential defaults on or non-renewal of leases by tenants;
     
  creditworthiness of tenants;

 

  our ability to obtain financing for and complete acquisitions under contract at the contemplated terms, or at all;
     
  development and acquisition risks, including rising and unanticipated costs and failure of such acquisitions and developments to perform in accordance with projections;
     
  the timing of acquisitions and dispositions;
     
  the performance of our network of leading regional apartment owner/operators with which we invest through controlling positions in joint ventures;
     
  potential natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes and floods;
     
  national, international, regional and local economic conditions;
     
  board determination as to timing and payment of dividends, and our ability to pay future distributions at the dividend rates we have paid historically;

 

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  the general level of interest rates;
     
  potential changes in the law or governmental regulations that affect us and interpretations of those laws and regulations, including changes in real estate and zoning or tax laws, and potential increases in real property tax rates;
     
  financing risks, including the risks that our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest and we may be unable to refinance our existing debt upon maturity or obtain new financing on attractive terms or at all;
     
  lack of or insufficient amounts of insurance;
     
  our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT;
     
  litigation, including costs associated with prosecuting or defending claims and any adverse outcomes;
     
  possible environmental liabilities, including costs, fines or penalties that may be incurred due to necessary remediation of contamination of properties presently owned or previously owned by us or a subsidiary owned by us or acquired by us.
     
 

The possibility that the anticipated benefits from the Internalization of our former external Manager, or the Internalization, may not be realized or may take longer to realize than expected, or that unexpected costs or unexpected liabilities may arise from the Internalization;

 

 

our ability to manage the Internalization effectively or efficiently; and

 

  the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against us or others following the announcement of the Internalization.

 

Any of the assumptions underlying forward-looking statements could be inaccurate. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements included in this report. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report and the risk that actual results will differ materially from the expectations expressed in this report will increase with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this report, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason. The forward-looking statements should be read in light of the risk factors set forth in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 13, 2018, and subsequent filings by us with the SEC, or (“Risk Factors”).

 

Overview

 

We were incorporated as a Maryland corporation on July 25, 2008. Our objective is to maximize long-term stockholder value by acquiring and developing well-located institutional-quality apartment properties in demographically attractive growth markets across the United States. We seek to maximize returns through investments where we believe we can drive substantial growth in our funds from operations and net asset value primarily through our Core-Plus and Invest-to-Own investment strategies.

 

We conduct our operations through Bluerock Residential Holdings, L.P., our operating partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), of which we are the sole general partner. The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries.

 

As of March 31, 2018, our portfolio consisted of interests in forty properties, twenty-nine operating properties and eleven through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments. Of the property interests held through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments, six are under development, four are in leaseup and one property is stabilized. The forty properties contain an aggregate of 12,672 units, comprised of 9,872 consolidated operating units and 2,800 units through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments. As of March 31, 2018, these properties, exclusive of our development properties, were approximately 94% occupied.

 

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code and have qualified as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2010. In order to continue to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders each calendar year at least 90% of our taxable income (excluding net capital gains). If we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and will not be permitted to qualify as a REIT for four years following the year in which our qualification is denied. Such an event could materially and adversely affect our net income and results of operations. We intend to continue to organize and operate in such a manner as to remain qualified as a REIT.

 

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Recent Developments

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we acquired one stabilized property and increased the mezzanine loan in Flagler Village as discussed below.

 

Acquisition of The Links at Plum Creek

 

On March 26, 2018, we, through subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership, acquired a 88.0% interest in a 264-unit apartment community located in Castle Rock, Colorado, known as The Links at Plum Creek (“Plum Creek”) for approximately $61.1 million. The purchase price of $61.1 million was funded, in part, with a $40.0 million senior mortgage loan secured by the Plum Creek property.

 

Notes and accrued interest receivable from related parties

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we restated and increased the mezzanine loan to Flagler JV by $21.0 million, to approximately $74.6 million. See Notes 6 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

 

Recent Stock Offerings

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 we continued to raise capital to finance our investment activities.

 

Series B Preferred Stock

 

We issued 18,531 shares of Series B Preferred Stock under a continuous registered offering with net proceeds of approximately $16.7 million after commissions and dealer manager fees of approximately $1.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

 

Our total stockholders’ equity decreased $11.7 million from $222.8 million as of December 31, 2017 to $211.1 million as of March 31, 2018. The decrease in our total stockholders’ equity is primarily attributable to dividends declared of $8.3 million, repurchase of Class A common stock of $4.2 million and our net loss of $0.1 million, during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

 

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Results of Operations

 

The following is a summary of our stabilized consolidated operating real estate investments as of March 31, 2018:

 

Multifamily Community Name  Location  Number of
Units
   Date
Built/Renovated (1)
   Ownership
Interest
   Average
Rent (2)
  
 Occupied (3)
 
ARIUM at Palmer Ranch  Sarasota, FL   320    2016    95.0%  $1,269    97%
ARIUM Glenridge  Atlanta, GA   480    1990    90.0%   1,122    96%
ARIUM Grandewood  Orlando, FL   306    2005    100.0%   1,323    97%
ARIUM Gulfshore  Naples, FL   368    2016    95.0%   1,288    95%
ARIUM Hunter’s Creek  Orlando, FL   532    1999    100.0%   1,330    97%
ARIUM Metrowest  Orlando, FL   510    2001    100.0%   1,294    96%
ARIUM Palms  Orlando, FL   252    2008    95.0%   1,309    97%
ARIUM Pine Lakes  Port St. Lucie, FL   320    2003    85.0%   1,208    99%
ARIUM Westside  Atlanta, GA   336    2008    90.0%   1,492    93%
Ashton Reserve  Charlotte, NC   473    2015    100.0%   1,061    92%
Citrus Towers  Orlando, FL   336    2006    96.8%   1,234    97%
Enders Place at Baldwin Park  Orlando, FL   220    2003    92.0%   1,712    96%
James on South First  Austin, TX   250    2016    90.0%   1,264    94%
Marquis at Crown Ridge  San Antonio, TX   352    2009    90.0%   926    94%
Marquis at Stone Oak  San Antonio, TX   335    2007    90.0%   1,407    91%
Marquis at The Cascades  Tyler, TX   582    2009    90.0%   1,076    91%
Marquis at TPC  San Antonio, TX   139    2008    90.0%   1,413    96%
Outlook at Greystone  Birmingham, AL   300    2007    100.0%   929    89%
Park & Kingston  Charlotte, NC   168    2015    100.0%   1,251    92%
Preston View  Morrisville, NC   382    2000    100.0%   1,065    96%
Roswell City Walk  Roswell, GA   320    2015    98.0%   1,486    95%
Sorrel  Frisco, TX   352    2015    95.0%   1,235    91%
Sovereign  Fort Worth, TX   322    2015    95.0%   1,321    92%
The Brodie  Austin, TX   324    2001    92.5%   1,176    96%
The Links at Plum Creek  Castle Rock, CO   264    2000    88.0%   1,271    94%
The Mills  Greenville, SC   304    2013    100.0%   973    90%
The Preserve at Henderson Beach  Destin, FL   340    2009    100.0%   1,320    94%
Villages at Cypress Creek  Houston, TX   384    2001    80.0%   1,056    95%
Wesley Village  Charlotte, NC   301    2010    100.0%   1,223    93%
Total/Average      9,872             $1,227    94%

 

(1) Represents date of last significant renovation or year built if there were no renovations.  

(2) Represents the average effective monthly rent per occupied unit for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Total concessions for the three months ended March 31, 2018 amounted to approximately $0.9 million.

(3) Percent occupied is calculated as (i) the number of units occupied as of March 31, 2018, divided by (ii) total number of units, expressed as a percentage.

 

The following is a summary of our preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments as of March 31, 2018:

 

Multifamily
Community Name
  Location 

Actual/

Planned

Number
of Units

   Total Actual/
Estimated
Construction
Cost
(in millions)
   Cost to Date
(in millions)
  

Actual/

Estimated
Construction
Cost Per Unit

   Actual/
Estimated
Initial
Occupancy
  Actual/
Estimated
Construction
Completion
  Pro
Forma
Average
Rent (1)
 
Whetstone (2)  Durham, NC   204   $37.0   $37.0   $181,373   3Q14  3Q15  $1,233 
Alexan CityCentre  Houston, TX   340    83.2    80.5    244,706   2Q17  4Q17   2,144 
Helios  Atlanta, GA   282    51.4    50.4    182,270   2Q17  4Q17   1,486 
Alexan Southside Place  Houston, TX   270    49.0    46.7    181,481   4Q17  1Q18   2,012 
Lake Boone Trail  Raleigh, NC   245    40.2    34.4    164,082   3Q17  4Q18   1,271 
Vickers Village  Roswell, GA   79    30.7    24.3    388,608   3Q18  4Q18   3,176 
APOK Townhomes  Boca Raton, FL   90    28.9    20.2    321,111   3Q18  1Q19   2,549 
Crescent Perimeter  Atlanta, GA   320    70.0    44.0    218,750   4Q18  2Q19   1,749 
Domain  Garland, TX   299    52.6    30.0    175,920   4Q18  2Q19   1,469 
West Morehead  Charlotte, NC   286    60.0    38.6    209,790   4Q18  2Q19   1,507 
Flagler Village  Fort Lauderdale, FL   385    135.4    37.0    351,688   3Q19  3Q20   2,352 
Total/Average      2,800                        $1,813 

 

(1) Represents the average pro forma effective monthly rent per occupied unit for all expected occupied units upon stabilization.

(2) Represents the average effective monthly rent per occupied unit for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

 

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2017

 

Revenue

 

Net rental income increased $8.8 million, or 37%, to $32.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to $23.9 million for the same prior year period. Net rental income increased $14.3 million from the acquisition of one property in 2018 and the full year impact of ten properties acquired in 2017, offset by a $5.4 million decrease in net rental income driven by the sales of four properties in 2017. 

 

Other property revenue increased $1.1 million, or 39%, to $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to $2.8 million for the same prior year period. Other property revenues increased $1.8 million from the acquisition of one property in 2018 and the full year impact of ten properties acquired in 2017, offset by a $0.6 million decrease in other property revenues driven by the sales of four properties in 2017.

 

Interest income from related parties increased $3.7 million, or 247%, to $5.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to $1.5 million for the same prior year period due to increases in the average balance of mezzanine loans outstanding.

 

Expenses

 

Property operating expenses increased $5.1 million, or 48%, to $15.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to $10.6 million for the same prior year period. Property operating expenses increased $7.4 million from the acquisition of one property in 2018 and the full year impact of ten properties acquired in 2017, offset by a $2.3 million decrease in property operating expenses driven by the sales of four properties in 2017. Property NOI margins decreased to 57.3% of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from 60.2% in the prior year quarter. Property margins have been impacted by the sales of stabilized properties owned for longer time periods and the recent purchase of assets that have not yet achieved the same level of operational efficiency. Property NOI margins are computed as total property revenues less property operating expenses, divided by total property revenues.

 

Property management fees expense increased $0.3 million, or 43%, to $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to $0.7 million in the same prior year period. Property management fees increased $0.4 million from the acquisition of one property in 2018 and the full year impact of ten properties acquired in 2017, offset by a $0.2 million decrease in property management fees driven by the sales of four properties in 2017.

 

 General and administrative expenses amounted to $4.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to $1.4 million for the same prior year period. Excluding non-cash equity compensation expense of $1.8 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, general and administrative expenses were $2.9 million, or 6.9% of revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to $1.0 million, or 3.6% of revenues, for the same prior year period. This increase can be primarily attributed to the impact of the Internalization as we are now incurring expenses that were previously covered by the management fees payable to our former Manager, described below.

 

Management fees were eliminated in conjunction with the Internalization. Base management fees of $2.3 million were expensed in the three months ended March 31, 2017. Incentive management fees of $0.4 million were expensed in the three months ended March 31, 2017. Management fees of $2.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 were paid in LTIP Units in lieu of cash.

 

Acquisition and pursuit costs were $.04 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to $3.2 million for the same prior year period. Substantially all the expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017 were due to the Company’s decision to abandon the proposed East San Marco Property development and write off the pre-acquisition costs that had been incurred. Abandoned pursuit costs can vary greatly, and the costs incurred in any given period may be significantly different in future periods.

 

Depreciation and amortization expenses were $15.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to $10.9 million for the same prior year period. Depreciation and amortization expense increased $6.1 million from the acquisition of one property in 2018 and the full year impact of ten properties acquired in 2017, offset by a $1.4 million decrease in depreciation and amortization driven by the sales of four properties in 2017.

 

Other Income and Expense

 

Other income and expenses amounted to expense of $7.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared to income of $11.9 million for the same prior year period. Interest expense increased $3.0 million, or 42%, to $10.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to $7.1 million for the same prior year period due to the increased amount of properties. The balance of the difference was primarily due to the gain on the sale of Village Green of Ann Arbor of $16.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017.

 

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Property Operations

 

We define “same store” properties as those that we owned and operated for the entirety of both periods being compared, except for properties that are in the construction or lease-up phases, or properties that are undergoing development or significant redevelopment. We move properties previously excluded from our same store portfolio for these reasons into the same store designation once they have stabilized or the development or redevelopment is complete and such status has been reflected fully in all quarters during the applicable periods of comparison. For newly constructed or lease-up properties or properties undergoing significant redevelopment, we consider a property stabilized upon attainment of 90% physical occupancy, subject to loss-to-lease, bad debt and rent concessions.

 

For comparison of our three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the same store properties included properties owned at January 1, 2017. Our same store properties for the period were Enders Place at Baldwin Park, ARIUM Grandewood, Park & Kingston, Ashton Reserve, ARIUM Palms, Sorrel, Sovereign, ARIUM Gulfshore, ARIUM at Palmer Ranch, The Preserve at Henderson Beach, ARIUM Westside, ARIUM Pine Lakes, James on South First, ARIUM Glenridge, Roswell City Walk and The Brodie.  Our non-same store properties for the same period were Village Green of Ann Arbor, MDA Apartments, Lansbrook Village, Fox Hill, Preston View, Wesley Village, the Marquis portfolio properties, Cypress Creek, Citrus Tower, ARIUM Hunter’s Creek, ARIUM Metrowest, Outlook at Greystone, The Mills, Links at Plum Creek, Vickers Village and Crescent Perimeter.

 

The following table presents the same store and non-same store results from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

 

   Three Months Ended
March 31,
   Change 
   2018   2017   $   % 
Property Revenues                    
Same Store  $20,781   $19,725   $1,056    5.4%
Non-Same Store   15,894    6,935    8,959    129.2%
Total property revenues   36,675    26,660    10,015    37.6%
                     
Property Expenses                    
Same Store   8,594    7,946    648    8.2%
Non-Same Store   7,064    2,673    4,391    164.3%
Total property expenses   15,658    10,619    5,039    47.5%
                     
Same Store NOI   12,187    11,779    408    3.5%
Non-Same Store NOI   8,830    4,262    4,568    107.2%
Total NOI(1)  $21,017   $16,041   $4,976    31.0%

 

(1) See “Net Operating Income” below for a reconciliation of Same Store NOI, Non-Same Store NOI and Total NOI to net income (loss) and a discussion of how management uses this non-GAAP financial measure.

 

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2017

 

Same store NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2018 increased 3.5% or $0.41 million, compared to the 2017 period. There was a 5.4% increase in same store property revenues as compared to the 2017 period.  The increase was primarily attributable to a 4.8% increase in average rental rates; all our sixteen same store properties recognized rental rate increases during the period.   The remaining increase was due to a $0.25 million increase in resident fees derived from implementing trash valet at nine same store properties and a general increase in resident fees, such as early termination, pet, and garage fees.  This was partially offset by average occupancy decreasing 20 basis points to 93.8%.  Same store expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2018 increased 8.2% or $0.65 million, compared to the 2017 period, primarily due to a 14.8% increase, or $0.40 million, in real estate taxes due to higher valuations by municipalities and lower tax expense in the 2017 period relating to favorable tax true-ups.  The remaining increase is attributable to an increase in trash expense related to the new valet service and the timing of seasonal maintenance.

 

Property revenues and property expenses for our non-same store properties increased significantly due to the properties acquired during 2017 and 2018; the 2018 non-same store property count was 13 compared to 5 properties for the 2017 period. The results of operations for acquired properties have been included in our consolidated statements of operations from the date of acquisition and the results of operations for disposed properties have been excluded from the consolidated statement of operations since the date of disposition.

 

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Net Operating Income

 

We believe that net operating income (“NOI”), is a useful measure of our operating performance. We define NOI as total property revenues less total property operating expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization and interest. Other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating NOI, and accordingly, our NOI may not be comparable to other REITs. NOI also is a computation made by analysts and investors to measure a real estate company's operating performance.

 

We believe that this measure provides an operating perspective not immediately apparent from GAAP operating income or net income. We use NOI to evaluate our performance on a same store and non-same store basis because NOI allows us to evaluate the operating performance of our properties because it measures the core operations of property performance by excluding corporate level expenses and other items not related to property operating performance and captures trends in rental housing and property operating expenses.

 

35

 

 

However, NOI should only be used as an alternative measure of our financial performance. The following table reflects net loss attributable to common stockholders together with a reconciliation to NOI and to same store and non-same store contributions to consolidated NOI, as computed in accordance with GAAP for the periods presented (amounts in thousands):

 

   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2018   2017 
Net loss attributable to common shares  $(9,425)  $(4,990)
Add back: Net loss attributable to operating partnership units   (2,675)   (56)
Net loss attributable to common shares and units   (12,100)   (5,046)
Add common stockholders and operating partnership units pro-rata share of:          
Depreciation and amortization   14,831    9,914 
Non-real estate depreciation and amortization   64    - 
Amortization of non-cash interest expense   461    478 
Property management fees   939    649 
Management fees   -    2,768 
Acquisition and pursuit costs   43    3,040 
Corporate operating expenses   4,669    1,449 
Management internalization   -    481 
Weather-related losses, net   165    - 
Preferred dividends   8,248    5,851 
Preferred stock accretion   1,112    338 
Less common stockholders and operating partnership units pro-rata share of:          
Preferred returns and equity in income of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures   2,461    2,572 
Interest income from related parties   5,196    1,523 
Gain on sale of real estate investments   -    7,481 
Pro-rata share of properties' income   10,775    8,346 
Add:          
Noncontrolling interest pro-rata share of partially owned property income   607    1,086 
Total property income   11,382    9,432 
Add:          
Interest expense   9,635    6,609 
Net operating income   21,017    16,041 
Less:          
Non-same store net operating income   8,830    4,262 
Same store net operating income  $12,187   $11,779 

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements. Our primary short-term liquidity requirements relate to (a) our operating expenses and other general business needs, (b) distributions to our stockholders, (c) committed investments and capital requirements to fund development and renovations at existing properties, (d) ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, including our maturing short-term debt, and (e) Class A common stock repurchases under our stock repurchase program.

 

We believe the properties underlying our real estate investments are performing well. We had a portfolio-wide debt service coverage ratio of 1.99x and occupancy of 94%, exclusive of our development properties, at March 31, 2018.

 

In general, we believe our available cash balances, the proceeds from our continuous offering of Series B Preferred Stock, the Senior Credit Facility, the Junior Credit Facility, other financing arrangements and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to fund our liquidity requirements with respect to our existing portfolio for the next 12 months. We expect that properties added to our portfolio with the proceeds from the continuous offering of Series B Preferred Stock and the credit facilities, will have a positive impact on our future results of operations. In general, we expect that our results related to our portfolio will improve in future periods as a result of anticipated future investments in and acquisitions of real estate, including our investments in development projects.

 

We believe we will be able to meet our primary liquidity requirements going forward through:

 

36

 

 

  $31.5 million in cash available at March 31, 2018;
     
  cash generated from operating activities; and
     
  proceeds from future borrowings and potential offerings, including potential offerings of common and preferred stock through underwritten offerings, our continuous Series B Preferred Stock Offering, as well as issuances of units of limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership, or OP Units.

 

Our primary long-term liquidity requirements relate to (a) costs for additional apartment community investments; (b) repayment of long-term debt and our credit facilities; (c) capital expenditures; (d) cash redemption requirements related to our Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, and (e) Class A common stock repurchases under our stock repurchase program.

 

In February 2018, we announced a stock repurchase program to purchase up to $25 million of our outstanding shares of Class A common stock over a period of one year. We purchased 530,693 shares of Class A common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2018 for a total purchase price of $4.2 million.

 

We intend to finance our long-term liquidity requirements with net proceeds of additional issuances of common and preferred stock, including our Series B Preferred Stock, our credit facilities, as well as future borrowings. Our success in meeting these requirements will therefore depend upon our ability to access capital. Further, our ability to access equity capital is dependent upon, among other things, general market conditions for REITs and the capital markets generally, market perceptions about us and our asset class, and current trading prices of our securities.

 

We may also selectively sell assets at appropriate times, which would be expected to generate cash sources for both our short-term and long-term liquidity needs.

 

We may also meet our long-term liquidity needs through borrowings from a number of sources, either at the corporate or project level. We entered into the Senior Credit Facility on October 4, 2017, and the Junior Credit Facility on March 20, 2018, and we believe these facilities will enable us to deploy our capital more efficiently and provide capital structure flexibility as we grow our asset base. Additionally, we instituted the Fannie Facility, under which we closed our first property on April 30, 2018. We expect the combination of these facilities to provide us flexibility by allowing us, among other things, to use borrowing under our Senior Credit Facility and Junior Credit Facility to acquire properties pending placement of permanent mortgage indebtedness, including under the Fannie Facility. We will continue to monitor the debt markets, including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and as market conditions permit, access borrowings that are advantageous to us.

 

We intend to continue to use prudent amounts of leverage in making our investments, which we define as having total indebtedness of approximately 65% of the fair market value of the properties in which we have invested. For purposes of calculating our leverage, we assume full consolidation of all our real estate investments, whether or not they would be consolidated under GAAP, include assets we have classified as held for sale, and include any joint venture level indebtedness in our total indebtedness. However, we are not subject to any limitations on the amount of leverage we may use, and accordingly, the amount of leverage we use may be significantly less or greater than we currently anticipate. We expect our leverage to decline commensurately as we execute our business plan to grow our net asset value.

 

If we are unable to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all, we would likely need to curtail our investment activities, including acquisitions and improvements to and developments of, real properties, which could limit our growth prospects. This, in turn, could reduce cash available for distribution to our stockholders and may hinder our ability to raise capital by issuing more securities or borrowing more money. We also may be forced to dispose of assets at inopportune times in order to maintain our REIT qualification and Investment Company Act exemption.

  

We expect to maintain a distribution paid to our Series A Preferred Stock, our Series B Preferred Stock, our Series C Preferred Stock and our Series D Preferred Stock in accordance with the terms of those securities which require monthly or quarterly dividends depending on the series. On December 20, 2017, we announced that our board of directors revised the dividend policy for the Class A Common Stock and set an annual dividend rate of $0.65 per share. The board’s evaluation considered a number of factors including, but not limited to, achieving a sustainable dividend covered by current recurring AFFO (vs. pro forma AFFO), multifamily and small cap peer dividend rates and payout ratios, providing financial flexibility for the Company, and achieving an appropriate balance between the retention of capital to invest and grow net asset value and the importance of current distributions. While our policy is generally to pay distributions from cash flow from operations, our distributions through March 31, 2018 have been paid from cash flow from operations, proceeds from our continuous registered public offering, proceeds from the IPO and Follow-On Offerings, and sales of assets and may in the future be paid from additional sources, such as from borrowings.

 

 In conjunction with the Internalization, we will no longer be responsible for paying the base management fee or incentive fee, to the extent that we will be paying additional general and administrative expenses in replacement thereof, they will be paid in cash or LTIP Units.

 

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

As of March 31, 2018, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have had or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital resources or capital expenditures. As of March 31, 2018, we own interests in eleven joint ventures that are accounted for under the equity method as we exercise significant influence over, but do not control, the investee.

 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

 

As of March 31, 2018, we owned indirect equity interests in forty real estate properties, twenty-nine consolidated operating properties and eleven through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments.  During the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash provided by operating activities was $6.1 million.  After the net loss of $3.0 million was adjusted for $16.1 million of non-cash items, net cash provided by operating activities consisted of the following:

 

  Distributions and preferred returns from unconsolidated joint ventures of $2.2 million, offset by;

 

Decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $3.4 million;

 

Decrease in payables due to affiliates of $1.9 million;

 

and $4.0 million increase in accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other assets.

 

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash used in investing activities was $87.0 million, primarily due to the following:

 

  $61.7 million used in acquiring a consolidated real estate investment;
     
  $21.2 million used in acquiring investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and notes receivable; and
     
  $4.2 million used on capital expenditures;

 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

 

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cash provided by financing activities was $73.2 million, primarily due to the following:

 

  net borrowings of $40.0 million on mortgages payable;
     
 

net proceeds of $48.0 million from revolving credit facilities;

 

  net proceeds of $16.5 million from issuance of Series B Preferred stock and associated Warrants;
     
  $3.0 million of contributions from noncontrolling interests;
     
  partially offset by $1.1 million in distributions paid to our noncontrolling interests;
     
  $16.5 million in repayments on revolving credit facilities;
     
  $2.3 million paid in cash distributions paid to common stockholders;
     
  $8.1 million paid in cash distributions paid to preferred stockholders;
     
  $4.2 million paid for repurchase of Class A common stock;
     
  $1.0 million increase in deferred financing costs; and
     
  $0.9 million of repayments of our mortgages payable. 

 

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Capital Expenditures

 

The following table summarizes our total capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (amounts in thousands):

 

   

   For the three months ended March 31, 
   2018   2017 
New development  $72   $5,702 
Redevelopment/renovations   3,056    3,910 
Routine capital expenditures   1,032    626 
Total capital expenditures  $4,160   $10,238 

 

We define redevelopment and renovation costs as non-recurring capital expenditures for significant projects that upgrade units or common areas and projects that are revenue enhancing for the three months ended March 31, 2018. We define routine capital expenditures as capital expenditures that are incurred at every property and exclude development, investment, revenue enhancing and non-recurring capital expenditures.

 

Funds from Operations and Adjusted Funds from Operations

 

Funds from operations attributable to common shares and units (“FFO”), is a non-GAAP financial measure that is widely recognized as a measure of REIT operating performance. We consider FFO to be an appropriate supplemental measure of our operating performance as it is based on a net income analysis of property portfolio performance that excludes non-cash items such as depreciation. The historical accounting convention used for real estate assets requires straight-line depreciation of buildings and improvements, which implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values historically rise and fall with market conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT, using historical accounting for depreciation, could be less informative. We define FFO, consistent with the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or “NAREIT's”, definition, as net income, computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, plus impairment write-downs of depreciable real estate, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures will be calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis.

  

In addition to FFO, we use adjusted funds from operations attributable to common shares and units (“AFFO”). AFFO is a computation made by analysts and investors to measure a real estate company's operating performance by removing the effect of items that do not reflect ongoing property operations. In computing AFFO, we further adjust FFO by adding back certain items that are not added to net income in NAREIT's definition of FFO, such as acquisition and pursuit costs, equity based compensation expenses, and any other non-recurring or non-cash expenses, which are costs that do not relate to the operating performance of our properties, and subtracting recurring capital expenditures (and when calculating the quarterly incentive fee payable to our former Manager only, we further adjust FFO to include any realized gains or losses on our real estate investments).

 

Our calculation of AFFO differs from the methodology used for calculating AFFO by certain other REITs and, accordingly, our AFFO may not be comparable to AFFO reported by other REITs. Our management utilizes FFO and AFFO as measures of our operating performance after adjustment for certain non-cash items, such as depreciation and amortization expenses, and acquisition and pursuit costs that are required by GAAP to be expensed but may not necessarily be indicative of current operating performance and that may not accurately compare our operating performance between periods. Furthermore, although FFO, AFFO and other supplemental performance measures are defined in various ways throughout the REIT industry, we also believe that FFO and AFFO may provide us and our stockholders with an additional useful measure to compare our financial performance to certain other REITs. We also use AFFO for purposes of determining the quarterly incentive fee, if any, payable to our former Manager.

 

Neither FFO nor AFFO is equivalent to net income or cash generated from operating activities determined in accordance with GAAP. Furthermore, FFO and AFFO do not represent amounts available for management's discretionary use because of needed capital replacement or expansion, debt service obligations or other commitments or uncertainties. Neither FFO nor AFFO should be considered as an alternative to net income as an indicator of our operating performance or as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity.

 

We have acquired interests in eleven additional operating properties and sold three properties subsequent to March 31, 2017. The results presented in the table below are not directly comparable and should not be considered an indication of our future operating performance.

 

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The table below presents our calculation of FFO and AFFO for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

 

   Three Months Ended 
   March 31, 
   2018   2017 
Net loss attributable to common shares  $(9,425)  $(4,990)

Add back: Net loss attributable to operating partnership units

   (2,675)   (56)

Net loss attributable to common shares and units

   (12,100)   (5,046)
           

Common stockholders and operating partnership units pro-rata share of:

          
Real estate depreciation and amortization   14,831    9,914 
Gain on sale of real estate investments       (7,481)

FFO Attributable to Common Shares and Units

   2,731    (2,613)
Common stockholders and noncontrolling interests – operating partnership units pro-rata share of:          
Amortization of non-cash interest expense   461    478 
Acquisition and pursuit costs   43    3,040 
Management internalization       481 
Non-real estate depreciation and amortization(1)   64     
Weather-related losses, net   165     
Non-cash preferred returns and equity in income of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures   (231)    
Normally recurring capital expenditures(2)   (517)   (294)
Preferred stock accretion   1,112    338 
Non-cash equity compensation   1,780    3,201 

AFFO Attributable to Common Shares and Units

  $5,608   $4,631 
           

FFO Attributable to Common Shares and Units - diluted

  $0.09   $(0.10)
           

AFFO Attributable to Common Shares and Units - diluted

  $0.18   $0.18 
           

Weighted average common shares and units outstanding - diluted

   30,995,775    25,273,480 

 

(1)       The real estate depreciation and amortization amount includes our share of consolidated real estate-related depreciation and amortization of intangibles, less amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests for partially owned properties, and our similar estimated share of unconsolidated depreciation and amortization, which is included in earnings of our unconsolidated real estate joint venture investments. 

(2)       Normally recurring capital expenditures exclude development, investment, revenue enhancing and non-recurring capital expenditures.

 

Subsequent to issuing our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, we revised our presentation of AFFO attributable to common stockholders to reflect AFFO attributable to common shares and units. The weighted average diluted shares and units outstanding used to calculate AFFO per share now includes noncontrolling interests – operating partnership units. As our presentation now includes the impact of AFFO attributable to operating partnership units, and as shares and units are treated on a one-for-one basis, there is no change to AFFO per share. We have modified our presentation of FFO and AFFO for the three months ended March 31, 2017 to conform to the revised presentation.

 

Operating cash flow, FFO and AFFO may also be used to fund all or a portion of certain capitalizable items that are excluded from FFO and AFFO, such as tenant improvements, building improvements and deferred leasing costs.

 

Presentation of this information is intended to assist the reader in comparing the sustainability of the operating performance of different REITs, although it should be noted that not all REITs calculate FFO or AFFO the same way, so comparisons with other REITs may not be meaningful.  FFO or AFFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss), as an indication of our liquidity, nor is either indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions.  Both FFO and AFFO should be reviewed in connection with other GAAP measurements.

 

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Contractual Obligations

 

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2018 (in thousands) which consisted of mortgage notes secured by our properties and revolving credit facilities. At March 31, 2018, our estimated future required payments on these obligations were:

 

       Remainder of             
   Total   2018   2019-2020   2021-2022   Thereafter 
Mortgages Payable (Principal)  $985,189   $3,668   $39,089   $126,135   $816,297 
Revolving Credit Facilities   99,165    -    99,165    -    - 
Estimated Interest Payments on Mortgage Notes Payable, Unsecured Term Loans and Senior Unsecured Notes   232,163    31,947    81,023    71,762    47,431 
Total  $1,316,517   $35,615   $219,277   $197,897   $863,728 

 

Estimated interest payments are based on the stated rates for mortgage notes payable assuming the interest rate in effect for the most recent quarter remains in effect through the respective maturity dates.

 

Distributions

 

Declaration Date  Payable to stockholders
of record as of
   Amount   Date Paid
Class A Common Sock             
October 13, 2017   December 22, 2017   $0.096667   January 5, 2018
December 20, 2017   March 23, 2018   $0.162500   April 5, 2018
Class C Common Stock             
October 13, 2017   December 22, 2017   $0.096667   January 5, 2018
December 20, 2017   March 23, 2018   $0.162500   April 5, 2018
Series A Preferred Stock             
December 8, 2017   December 22, 2017   $0.515625   January 5, 2018
March 9, 2018   March 23, 2018   $0.515625   April 5, 2018
Series B Preferred Stock             
October 13, 2017   December 22, 2017   $5.00   January 5, 2018
January 12, 2018   January 25, 2018   $5.00   February 5, 2018
January 12, 2018   February 23, 2018   $5.00   March 5, 2018
January 12, 2018   March 23, 2018   $5.00   April 5, 2018
Series C Preferred Stock             
December 8, 2017   December 22, 2017   $0.4765625   January 5, 2018
March 9, 2018   March 23, 2018   $0.4765625   April 5, 2018
Series D Preferred Stock             
December 8, 2017   December 22, 2017   $0.4453125   January 5, 2018
March 9, 2018   March 23, 2018   $0.4453125   April 5, 2018

 

A portion of each dividend may constitute a return of capital for tax purposes. There is no assurance that the Company will continue to declare dividends or at this rate.

 

Our Board will determine the amount of dividends to be paid to our stockholders. The Board’s determination will be based on a number of factors, including funds available from operations, our capital expenditure requirements and the annual distribution requirements necessary to maintain our REIT status under the Internal Revenue Code. As a result, our distribution rate and payment frequency may vary from time to time.  However, to qualify as a REIT for tax purposes, we must make distributions equal to at least 90% of our “REIT taxable income” each year. Especially during the early stages of our operations, we may declare distributions in excess of funds from operations.

  

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Distributions paid for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were funded from cash provided by operating activities except with respect to $5.5 million and $4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which was funded from sales of real estate, borrowings, and/or proceeds from our equity offerings. 

 

   Three Months Ended March 31, 
   2018   2017 
   (In thousands) 
Cash provided by operating activities  $6,102   $9,723 
           
Cash distributions to preferred shareholders  $(8,143)  $(5,552)
Cash distributions to common shareholders   (2,348)   (7,130)
Cash distributions to noncontrolling interests, excluding $14.7 million from sale of real estate investments in 2017   (1,146)   (1,017)
Total distributions   (11,637)   (13,699)
           
Shortfall  $(5,535)  $(3,976)
           
Proceeds from sale of real estate investments, net of noncontrolling distribution of $14.7 million in 2017  $-   $13,916 

 

Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

 

Our significant accounting policies and critical accounting estimates are disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and Note 2 “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Subsequent Events

 

Other than the items disclosed in Note 14, “Subsequent Events” to our interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the period ended March 31, 2018, no material events have occurred that required recognition or disclosure in these financial statements.  See Note 14 to our interim Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion.

 

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 

We are exposed to interest rate risk primarily through borrowing activities. There is inherent roll-over risk for borrowings as they mature and are renewed at current market rates. The extent of this risk is not quantifiable or predictable because of the variability of future interest rates and our future financing requirements. We are not subject to foreign exchange rates or commodity price risk, and all of our financial instruments were entered into for other than trading purposes.

 

Our interest rate risk is monitored using a variety of techniques. The table below presents the principal payments and the weighted average interest rates on outstanding debt, by year of expected maturity, to evaluate the expected cash flows and sensitivity to interest rate changes.

 

($ in thousands)

 

   2018   2019   2020   2021   2022   Thereafter   Total 
Mortgage Notes Payable  $3,668   $8,017   $31,072   $14,050   $112,085   $816,297   $985,189 
Average Interest Rate   3.83%   3.84%   3.59%   3.85%   3.72%   3.86%   3.84%
Revolving Credit Facilities   -   $21,116   $78,049    -    -    -   $99,165 
Average Interest Rate   -    5.86%   3.97%   -    -    -    4.37%

 

The fair value (in thousands) is estimated at $975.9 million for mortgages payable as of March 31, 2018.

 

The table above incorporates those exposures that exist as of March 31, 2018; it does not consider those exposures or positions which could arise after that date. As a result, our ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on the exposures that arise during the period and interest rates.

 

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As of March 31, 2018, a 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates on the portion of our debt bearing interest at variable rates would result in an increase in interest expense of approximately $1,250,000 or decrease by $1,268,000, respectively, for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.

 

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated, as of March 31, 2018, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e).  Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2018, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in this report filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the Exchange Act and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

 

We believe, however, that a controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls systems are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud or error, if any, within a company have been detected.

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

There has been no change in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

 

None.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

 

Other than the following, there have been no material changes to our potential risks and uncertainties presented in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on March 13, 2018.

 

Your interests could be diluted by the incurrence of additional debt, the issuance of additional shares of preferred stock, including additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock, Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock and Series D Preferred Stock (together the “Preferred Stock”) and by other transactions.

 

As of March 31, 2018, our total indebtedness was approximately $1,084 million, and we may incur significant additional debt in the future. The Preferred Stock is subordinate to all of our existing and future debt and liabilities and those of our subsidiaries. Our future debt may include restrictions on our ability to pay dividends to preferred stockholders in the event of a default under the debt facilities or under other circumstances. Our charter currently authorizes the issuance of up to 250,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more classes or series, and as of the date of this filing, we have issued 5,721,460 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, 203,217 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, 2,323,750 shares of Series C Preferred Stock and 2,850,602 shares of Series D Preferred Stock. The issuance of additional preferred stock on parity with or senior to the Preferred Stock would dilute the interests of the holders of shares of Preferred Stock, and any issuance of preferred stock senior to the Preferred Stock or of additional indebtedness could affect our ability to pay dividends on, redeem or pay the liquidation preference on the Preferred Stock. We may issue preferred stock on parity with the Preferred Stock without the consent of the holders of the Preferred Stock. Other than the Asset Coverage Ratio, our letter agreement with Cetera Financial Group, Inc. pertaining to our Series B Preferred Stock that requires us to maintain a preferred dividend coverage ratio and the right of holders to cause us to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock upon a Change of Control/Delisting, none of the provisions relating to the Preferred Stock relate to or limit our indebtedness or afford the holders of shares of Preferred Stock protection in the event of a highly leveraged or other transaction, including a merger or the sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all our assets or business, that might adversely affect the holders of shares of Preferred Stock.

 

Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

 

None.

 

Item 3.  Defaults upon Senior Securities

 

None.

 

Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures

 

Not applicable.

 

Item 5.  Other Information

 

None.

 

Item 6.  Exhibits

 

10.1   Second Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Bluerock Residential Holdings, L.P., dated April 2, 2014, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 8, 2014
     
31.1   Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
     
31.2   Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
     
32.1   Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
99.1   Additional Material Federal Income Tax Considerations, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 5, 2018
     
99.2   Press Release, dated February 14, 2018, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 14, 2018
     
99.3   Supplemental Financial Information, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 14, 2018
     
99.4   Press Release, dated February 14, 2018, incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 15, 2018
     
101.1   The following information from the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Balance Sheets; (ii) Statements of Operations; (iii) Statement of Stockholders’ Equity; (iv) Statements of Cash Flows.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

    BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.
       
DATE:  May 8, 2018   /s/ R. Ramin Kamfar
      R. Ramin Kamfar
      Chief Executive Officer
      (Principal Executive Officer)

 

DATE:  May 8, 2018   /s/ Christopher J. Vohs
      Christopher J. Vohs
      Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
      (Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer)

 

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