Bluerock Residential Growth REIT, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x          QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018

OR

¨          TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to ______

Commission File Number 001-36369

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

(212) 843-1601

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

None

(Former name, former address or former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x   No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x     No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨  No x

Number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s

classes of common stock, as of May 4, 2018:

Class A Common Stock: 23,753,489 shares

Class C Common Stock: 76,603 shares

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

FORM 10-Q

March 31, 2018

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  Financial Statements

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2018

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

BLUEROCK RESIDENTIAL GROWTH REIT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Organization and Nature of Business

Bluerock Residential Growth REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated as a Maryland corporation on July 25, 2008. The Company’s objective is to maximize long-term stockholder value by acquiring and developing well-located institutional-quality apartment properties in knowledge economy growth markets across the United States. The Company seeks to maximize returns through investments where it believes it can drive substantial growth in its funds from operations and net asset value primarily through its Core-Plus and Invest-to-Own investment strategies.

As of March 31, 2018, the Company owned interests in forty real estate properties, twenty-nine consolidated operating properties and eleven through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments. Of the property interests held through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments, six are under development, four are in leaseup and one property is stabilized. The forty properties contain an aggregate of 12,672 units, comprised of 9,872 consolidated operating units and 2,800 units through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments. As of March 31, 2018, the Company’s consolidated operating properties were approximately 94% occupied.

The Company has elected to be treated, and currently qualifies, as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), for federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, the Company generally is not subject to corporate-level income taxes. To maintain its REIT status, the Company is required, among other requirements, to distribute annually at least 90% of its “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), to the Company’s stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it would be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates.

Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The Company operates as an umbrella partnership REIT in which Bluerock Residential Holdings, L.P. (its “Operating Partnership”), or the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, owns substantially all of the property interests acquired and investments made on the Company’s behalf. As of March 31, 2018, limited partners other than the Company owned approximately 25.11% of the common units of the Operating Partnership (19.60% is held by holders of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (“OP Units”) and 5.51% is held by holders of the Operating Partnership’s long-term incentive plan units (“LTIP Units”), of which 3.32% are not vested at March 31, 2018).

The Company is internally managed and completed the internalization of BRG Manager, LLC (the “former Manager”) on October 31, 2017.

Because the Company is the sole general partner of its Operating Partnership and has unilateral control over its management and major operating decisions (even if additional limited partners are admitted to the Operating Partnership), the accounts of the Operating Partnership are consolidated in its consolidated financial statements.

The Company also consolidates entities in which it controls more than 50% of the voting equity and in which control does not rest with other investors. Investments in real estate joint ventures over which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but for which it does not have financial or operating control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. These entities are reflected on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as “Preferred equity investments and investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures.” All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  The Company will consider future joint ventures for consolidation in accordance with the provisions required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810: Consolidation.

Certain amounts in prior year financial statement presentation have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. 

Preferred Equity Investments and Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures

The Company first analyzes its investments in joint ventures to determine if the joint venture is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) in accordance with ASC 810 and if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary requiring consolidation.  A VIE is an entity that has (i) insufficient equity to permit it to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or (ii) equity holders that lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest.  VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary, which is the entity that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that potentially could be significant to the entity.  Variable interests in a VIE are contractual, ownership, or other financial interests in a VIE that change in value with changes in the fair value of the VIE’s net assets. The Company continuously re-assesses at each level of the joint venture whether the entity is (i) a VIE, and (ii) if the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE.  If it was determined an entity in which the Company holds a joint venture interest qualified as a VIE and the Company was the primary beneficiary, the entity would be consolidated. 

If, after consideration of the VIE accounting literature, the Company has determined that an entity is not a VIE, the Company assesses the need for consolidation under all other provisions of ASC 810.  These provisions provide for consolidation of majority-owned entities through a majority voting interest held by the Company providing control, or through determination of control by virtue of the Company being the general partner in a limited partnership or the controlling member of a limited liability company.

In assessing whether the Company is in control of and requiring consolidation of the limited liability company and partnership venture structures, the Company evaluates the respective rights and privileges afforded each member or partner (collectively referred to as “member”).  The Company’s member would not be deemed to control the entity if any of the other members have either (i) substantive kickout rights providing the ability to dissolve (liquidate) the entity or otherwise remove the managing member or general partner without cause or (ii) has substantive participating rights in the entity.  Substantive participating rights (whether granted by contract or law) provide for the ability to effectively participate in significant decisions of the entity that would be expected to be made in the ordinary course of business.    

If it has been determined that the Company does not have control, but does have the ability to exercise significant influence over the entity, the Company accounts for these unconsolidated investments under the equity method of accounting. The equity method of accounting requires these investments to be initially recorded at cost and subsequently increased (decreased) for the Company’s share of net income (loss), including eliminations for the Company’s share of intercompany transactions, and increased (decreased) for contributions (distributions). The Company’s proportionate share of the results of operations of these investments is reflected in the Company’s earnings or losses.

Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting, and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10-1 of Regulation S-X.  Accordingly, the financial statements for interim reporting do not include all of the information and notes or disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.  Operating results for interim periods should not be considered indicative of the operating results for a full year.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements.  It is suggested that these condensed financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017 contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 13, 2018. 

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Other than the adoption of accounting pronouncements as described below, there have been no significant changes to the Company’s accounting policies since it filed its audited consolidated financial statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements  

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows; Restricted Cash" (“ASU 2016-18”). This update requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adjusted the consolidated statement of cash flows as required in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-08. ASU 2016-18 is effective for the Company for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company adopted ASU 2016-18 as of January 1, 2018.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (“ASU 2016-15”). The ASU provides guidance on the treatment of cash receipts and cash payments for certain types of cash transactions, to eliminate diversity in practice in the presentation of the cash flow statement. For public business entities, the amendments in ASU 2016-15 are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company uses the nature of distributions approach. The Company adjusted the consolidated statement of cash flows as required in conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2016-15 in 2018.

In June 2016, the FASB updated ASC Topic 326 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses" with 2016-13 “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-03”). ASU 2016-13 enhances the methodology of measuring expected credit losses to include the use of forward-looking information to better inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods (including interim periods within those periods) beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the guidance and has not determined the impact this standard may have on the Company’s financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). Under ASU 2016-02, an entity will be required to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on its balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 offers specific accounting guidance for a lessee, a lessor and sale and leaseback transactions. Lessees and lessors are required to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about leasing arrangements to enable a user of the financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. For public companies, ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period, and requires a modified retrospective adoption, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects that, because of the ASU 2016-02’s emphasis on lessee accounting, ASU 2016-02 will not have a material impact on the Company. Consistent with present standards, the Company will continue to account for lease revenue on a straight-line basis. Also, consistent with the Company’s current practice, under ASU 2016-02 only initial direct costs that are incremental to the lessor will be capitalized.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”). Under the new standard, revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is probable. Revenue is generally recognized net of allowances.  In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers-Deferral of the Effective Date” which deferred the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard until the first quarter of 2018.  Therefore, ASU 2014-09 became effective for the Company in the first quarter of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018.  The ASU allows for either full retrospective or modified retrospective adoption. The Company has selected the modified retrospective approach. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which adds guidance on identifying performance obligations within a contract. The majority of the Company's revenue is derived from rental income, which is scoped out from this standard and will be accounted for under ASU 2016-02, Leases, discussed above. The Company's other revenue streams, which were evaluated under this ASU, include but are not limited to other property revenues and interest income from related parties determined not to be within the scope of ASU 2016-02, and gains and losses from real estate dispositions. The adoption by the Company of ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2018 did not result in a cumulative adjustment and did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, results of operations, equity or cash flows.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, “Principal Versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross Versus Net) (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2016-08”), which updates the new revenue standard by clarifying the principal versus agent implementation guidance, but does not change the core principle of the new standard. The updates to the principal versus agent guidance (1) require an entity to determine whether it is a principal or an agent for each distinct good or service (or a distinct bundle of goods or services) to be provided to the customer; (2) illustrate how an entity that is a principal might apply the control principle to goods, services, or rights to services, when another party is involved in providing goods or services to a customer; (3) clarify that the purpose of certain specific control indicators is to support or assist in the assessment of whether an entity controls a specified good or service before it is transferred to the customer, provide more specific guidance on how the indicators should be considered, and clarify that their relevance will vary depending on the facts and circumstances; and (4) revise existing examples and add two new ones to more clearly depict how the guidance should be applied. The effective date and transition requirements for ASU 2016-08 are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (see ASU 2014-09 above). The majority of the Company's revenue is derived from rental income, which is scoped out from this standard and will be accounted for under ASU 2016-02, Leases, discussed above.  The Company adopted ASU 2016-08 as of January 1, 2018.

In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05 "Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic 610-20)" ("ASU 2017-05"). ASU 2017-05 clarifies that a financial asset is within the scope of Subtopic 610-20 if it meets the definition of an in substance nonfinancial asset. ASU 2017-05 also defines the term “in substance nonfinancial asset” and provides guidance on the recognition of gains on sale of real estate investments. It is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. There has been no material impact to the Company upon its adoption of ASU 2017-05 as of January 1, 2018.

Note 3 – Sale of Real Estate Asset and Abandonment of Development Project

Sale of Village Green Ann Arbor

On February 22, 2017, the Company closed on the sale of the Village Green Ann Arbor property, located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The property was sold for approximately $71.4 million, subject to certain prorations and adjustments typical in such real estate transactions. After deduction for the payoff of the existing mortgage indebtedness encumbering the Village Green Ann Arbor property in the amount of $41.4 million and payment of closing costs and fees of $1.3 million, the sale of the property generated net proceeds of approximately $28.6 million and a gain on sale of approximately $16.7 million, of which the Company’s pro rata share of proceeds was approximately $13.6 million and pro rata share of the gain was approximately $7.8 million.

Election to Abandon East San Marco Development

On November 24, 2015, the Company entered into a cost-sharing agreement to pursue the acquisition of a tract of real property located in Jacksonville, Florida for the development of a 266-unit, Class A multifamily apartment community with 44,276 square feet of retail space, or the East San Marco Property.  In 2017 the Company elected to abandon pursuit of the development of the East San Marco Property due to significant cost escalations arising from scope changes imposed on the project after the start and from both general and market specific labor and material inflation, which negatively impacted the risk and return profile of the project.  The Company had invested approximately $2.9 million in a controlling equity position in the East San Marco Property prior to abandonment.

Note 4 – Investments in Real Estate

As of March 31, 2018, the Company was invested in twenty-nine operating real estate properties and eleven development properties through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments. The following tables provide summary information regarding the Company’s consolidated operating properties and preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments, which are either consolidated or accounted for under the equity method of accounting.

Consolidated Operating Properties   

Depreciation expense was $12.1 million and $7.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Intangibles related to the Company’s consolidated investments in real estate consist of the value of in-place leases. In-place leases are amortized over the remaining term of the in-place leases, which is approximately six months. Amortization expense related to the in-place leases was $3.6 million and $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Preferred Equity and Mezzanine Loan Investments

Note 5 – Acquisition of Real Estate

The following describes the Company’s significant acquisition activity during the three months ended March 31, 2018:

Acquisition of The Links at Plum Creek

On March 26, 2018, the Company, through subsidiaries of its Operating Partnership, acquired an 88.0% interest in a 264-unit apartment community located in Castle Rock, Colorado, known as The Links at Plum Creek for approximately $61.1 million. The purchase price of $61.1 million was funded, in part, with a $40.0 million senior mortgage loan secured by The Links at Plum Creek property.

Purchase Price Allocations

The acquisition of The Links at Plum Creek has been accounted for as an asset acquisition. The purchase price was allocated to the acquired assets based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.

The following table summarizes the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date (amounts in thousands): 

Note 6 – Notes and Interest Receivable due from Related Party

Following is a summary of the Notes and interest receivable due from related parties as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (amounts in thousands):

Following is a summary of the interest income from related parties for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 (amounts in thousands):

West Morehead Mezzanine Financing

On December 29, 2016, the Company, through BRG Morehead NC, LLC, or BRG Morehead NC, an indirect subsidiary, provided a $21.3 million mezzanine loan, or the BRG West Morehead Mezz Loan, to BR Morehead JV Member, LLC, an affiliate of the former Manager, or BR Morehead JV Member. The BRG West Morehead Mezz Loan is secured by BR Morehead JV Member’s approximate 95.0% interest in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Bluerock Special Opportunity + Income Fund II, LLC (“Fund II”), an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of ArchCo Residential, or the West Morehead JV, which intends to develop an approximately 286-unit Class A apartment community located in Charlotte, North Carolina to be known as West Morehead. On January 5, 2017, the Company increased the amount of the BRG West Morehead Mezz Loan to approximately $24.6 million. The BRG West Morehead Mezz Loan matures on the earlier of January 5, 2020, or the maturity date of the West Morehead Construction Loan, as defined below, as extended, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 15.0%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term. The BRG West Morehead Mezz Loan can be prepaid without penalty. The Company has the right to exercise an option to purchase, at the greater of a 25 basis point discount to fair market value or 15% internal rate of return for Fund II, up to a 100% common membership interest in BR Morehead JV Member (the mezzanine borrower), which is 99.5% owned by Fund II and which currently holds an approximate 95.0% interest in the West Morehead JV and in the West Morehead property, subject to certain promote rights of our unaffiliated development partner.

In conjunction with the West Morehead development, on December 29, 2016, the West Morehead property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $34.5 million construction loan with an unaffiliated party, or the West Morehead Construction Loan, of which $10.1 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by the West Morehead property. The West Morehead Construction Loan matures on December 29, 2019, and contains two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio and payment of an extension fee. The West Morehead Construction Loan bears interest on a floating basis on the amount drawn based on LIBOR plus 3.75%, subject to a minimum of 4.25%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only until September 2019, with further payments based on twenty-five-year amortization. The West Morehead Construction Loan can be prepaid without penalty.

In addition, on December 29, 2016, the West Morehead property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $7.3 million mezzanine loan with an unaffiliated party, of which $7.3 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by membership interest in the joint venture developing the West Morehead property. The loan matures on December 29, 2019, and contains two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio, extension of the West Morehead Construction Loan and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest on a fixed rate of 11.5%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only. The loan can be prepaid prior to maturity provided the lender receives a cumulative return of 30% of its loan amount including all principal and interest paid.

APOK Townhomes Mezzanine Financing

On January 6, 2017, the Company, through BRG Boca, LLC, or BRG Boca, an indirect subsidiary, provided a $11.2 million mezzanine loan, or the BRG Boca Mezz Loan, to BRG Boca JV Member, LLC, an affiliate of the former Manager, or BR Boca JV Member. The BRG Boca Mezz Loan is secured by BR Boca JV Member’s approximate 90.0% interest in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of NCC Development Group, or the Boca JV, which intends to develop an approximately 90-unit Class A apartment community located in Boca Raton, Florida to be known as APOK Townhomes. The BRG Boca Mezz Loan matures on the earlier of January 6, 2020, or the maturity of the Boca Construction Loan, defined below, as extended, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 15.0%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term. The BRG Boca Mezz Loan can be prepaid without penalty. The Company has the right to exercise an option to purchase, at the greater of a 25 basis point discount to fair market value or 15% internal rate of return for Fund II, up to a 100% common membership interest in BR Boca JV Member (the mezzanine borrower), which is 99.5% owned by Fund II and which currently holds an approximate 90.0% interest in the Boca JV and in the Boca property, subject to certain promote rights of our unaffiliated development partner.

In conjunction with the APOK Townhomes development, on December 29, 2016, the APOK Townhomes property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $18.7 million construction loan with an unaffiliated party, the Boca Construction Loan, of which $8.6 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, which is secured by the APOK Townhomes property. The loan matures on June 29, 2019, and contains two one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, stabilized occupancy and payment of an extension fee. The loan requires interest-only payments at prime plus 0.625%, subject to a floor of 4.125%. The loan can be prepaid without penalty.

Domain Mezzanine Financing

On March 3, 2017, the Company, through BRG Domain Phase 1, LLC, or BRG Domain 1, an indirect subsidiary, provided a $20.3 million mezzanine loan, or the BRG Domain 1 Mezz Loan, to BR Member Domain Phase 1, LLC, an affiliate of the former Manager, or BR Domain 1 JV Member. The BRG Domain 1 Mezz Loan is secured by BR Domain 1 JV Member’s approximate 95.0% interest in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of ArchCo Residential, or the Domain Phase 1 JV, which intends to develop an approximately 299-unit Class A apartment community located in Garland, Texas. The BRG Domain Phase 1 Mezz Loan matures on the earlier of March 3, 2020, or the maturity of the Domain 1 Construction Loan, defined below, as extended, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 15.0%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term. The BRG Domain 1 Mezz Loan can be prepaid without penalty. The Company has the right to exercise an option to purchase, at the greater of a 25 basis point discount to fair market value or 15% internal rate of return for Fund II, up to a 100% common membership interest in BR Domain 1 JV Member (the mezzanine borrower), which is 99.5% owned by Fund II and which currently holds an approximate 95.0% interest in the Domain 1 JV and in the Domain 1 property, subject to certain promote rights of our unaffiliated development partner.

In conjunction with the Domain 1 development, on March 3, 2017, the Domain 1 property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $30.3 million construction loan with an unaffiliated party, or the Domain 1 Construction Loan, of which $5.8 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by the Domain 1 property. The Domain 1 Construction Loan matures on March 3, 2020, and contains two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions including construction completion, a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio and payment of an extension fee. The Domain 1 Construction Loan bears interest on a floating basis on the amount drawn based on LIBOR plus 3.25%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only until March 2020, with further payments based on thirty-year amortization. The Domain 1 Construction Loan can be prepaid without penalty.

In addition, on March 3, 2017, the Domain 1 property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $6.4 million mezzanine loan with an unaffiliated party, of which $6.4 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by membership interest in the joint venture developing the Domain 1 property. The loan matures on March 3, 2020, and contains two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio, extension of the Domain 1 Construction Loan and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest on a fixed rate of 12.5%, with 9.5% paid currently. Regular monthly payments are interest-only. The loan can be prepaid prior to maturity provided the lender receives a minimum profit and 1% exit fee.

Crescent Perimeter Mezzanine Financing

On December 29, 2017, the Company, through BRG Perimeter, LLC, or BRG Perimeter, an indirect subsidiary, provided a $20.6 million mezzanine loan, to BR Perimeter JV Member, LLC, an affiliate of the former Manager, or BR Perimeter JV Member. The BRG Perimeter Mezz Loan is secured by BR Perimeter JV Member’s approximate 60.0% interest in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Bluerock Special Opportunity + Income Fund III, LLC (“Fund III”), an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of Crescent Communities, or the Crescent Perimeter Venture, which intends to develop an approximately 320-unit Class A apartment community located in Atlanta, Georgia to be known as Crescent Perimeter. The BRG Perimeter JV Mezz Loan matures on the later of December 29, 2021, or the maturity date of the Crescent Perimeter Construction Loan, as defined below, as extended, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 15.0%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term. The BRG Perimeter JV Mezz Loan can be prepaid without penalty.

On December 12, 2016, the Crescent Perimeter property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into an approximately $44.7 million construction loan with an unaffiliated party, of which $13.4 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by the Crescent Perimeter development, or the Crescent Perimeter Construction Loan. The loan matures December 12, 2020, with a one-year extension option subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 3.00%, with interest only payments until December 12, 2020, with future payments based on 30-year amortization. The loan can be prepaid without penalty.

Vickers Village Mezzanine Financing

On December 29, 2017, the Company, through BRG Vickers Roswell, LLC, or BRG Vickers, an indirect subsidiary, provided a $9.8 million mezzanine loan, to BR Vickers Roswell JV Member, LLC, an affiliate of the former Manager, or BR Vickers JV Member. The BRG Vickers Mezz Loan is secured by BR Vickers JV Member’s approximate 80.0% interest in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund III, an affiliate of King Lowry Ventures, or the Vickers Venture, which intends to develop an approximately 79-unit Class A apartment community located in Roswell, Georgia to be known as Vickers Village. The BRG Vickers JV Mezz Loan matures on the latest of December 29, 2020, or the maturity date of the Vickers Construction Loan, as defined below, as extended, and bears interest at a fixed rate of 15.0%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term. The BRG Vickers JV Mezz Loan can be prepaid without penalty.

On December 22, 2016, the Vickers Village property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into an approximately $18.0 million construction loan with an unaffiliated party, of which $10.6 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by the Vickers Village development. The loan matures December 1, 2020. The loan bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 3.00%, with interest only payments until December 1, 2018, with future payments based on 25-year amortization. The loan can be prepaid without penalty.

Flagler Village Mezzanine Financing

On December 29, 2017, the Company, through BRG Flagler Village, LLC, or BRG Flagler, an indirect subsidiary, provided a $53.6 million mezzanine loan, or the BRG Flagler Mezz Loan, to BR Flagler JV Member, LLC, an affiliate of the former Manager, or BR Flagler JV Member. The BRG Flagler Mezz Loan was secured by BR Flagler JV Member’s 100.0% interest in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II and Fund III, affiliates of the former Manager, and an affiliate of ArchCo Residential, or the Flagler JV, which intends to develop an approximately 385-unit Class A apartment community located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to be known as Flagler Village. The BRG Flagler Mezz Loan had a maturity date of December 29, 2022 and bore interest at a fixed rate of 15.0%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term. The BRG Flagler Mezz Loan can be prepaid without penalty.

On March 28, 2018, in conjunction with the closing of the Flagler Construction Loan, as defined below, the Company, through BRG Flagler, restated the BRG Flagler Mezz Loan and increased the amount to approximately $74.6 million. The restated BRG Flagler Mezz Loan matures on March 28, 2023 and bears interest at a fixed rate of 12.9%. The BRG Flagler Mezz Loan is secured by BR Flagler JV Member’s approximate 97.4% interest in the Flagler JV, subject to certain promote rights of the Company’s unaffiliated development partner, and which is subject to preferred equity of partners holding preferred membership interests in the Flagler Village property. The Company has the right of first offer to purchase the member’s ownership interests in BR Flagler JV Member, or, if applicable, to purchase Flagler Village if BR Flagler JV Member exercises its rights under the Flagler JV to cause the sale of Flagler Village.

On March 28, 2018, the Flagler Village property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into an approximately $70.4 million construction loan with an unaffiliated party, of which $1,000 is outstanding at March 31, 2018, and which is secured by the Flagler Village development, or the Flagler Village Construction Loan. The loan matures March 28, 2022, with a one-year extension option subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio, certificate of occupancy and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest at the greater of 5.0% or a rate of LIBOR plus 3.85%, with interest only payments until March 28, 2022, with future payments after extension based on 30-year amortization. The loan can be prepaid subject to payment of a make-whole premium and exit fee.

Note 7 – Preferred Equity Investments and Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures

Following is a summary of the Company’s ownership interests in the investments reported under the equity method of accounting. The carrying amount of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is summarized in the table below (amounts in thousands):

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding equity investments in eleven multi-tiered joint ventures, each of which were created to develop a multifamily property. In each case, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership made a preferred investment in a joint venture, except APOK Townhomes, Crescent Perimeter, Domain, Flagler Village and Vickers Village, which are common interests. The common interests in these joint ventures, as well as preferred interests in some cases, are owned by affiliates of the former Manager. In cases of preferred equity investments, the Company’s preferred equity investment in the joint venture generates a preferred return of 15% on its outstanding capital contributions, unless noted below, and the Company is not allocated any of the income or loss in the joint ventures. The joint venture is the controlling member in an entity whose purpose is to develop a multifamily property. Each joint venture in which the Company owns a preferred interest is required to redeem the Company’s preferred membership interests plus any accrued but unpaid preferred return on the earlier of the date which is six months following the maturity of the related development’s construction loan, or any earlier acceleration or due date, unless noted below. Additionally, the Company has the right, in its sole discretion, to convert its preferred membership interest in each joint venture into a common membership interest for a period of six months from the date upon which 70% of the units in the related development have been leased and occupied.

The following provides additional information regarding the Company’s preferred equity investments and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures as of March 31, 2018. The preferred returns and equity in income of the Company’s unconsolidated real estate joint ventures for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 are summarized below (amounts in thousands):

Summary combined financial information for the Company’s investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 and for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, is as follows:

Alexan CityCentre Interests

On July 1, 2014, through BRG T&C BLVD Houston, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Bluerock Growth Fund, LLC (“BGF”), Fund II and Fund III, affiliates of the former Manager, and an affiliate of Trammell Crow Residential, to develop a 340-unit Class A apartment community located in Houston, Texas, to be known as Alexan CityCentre. The Company has made a capital commitment of approximately $9.4 million to acquire 100% of the Class A preferred equity interests in BR T&C BLVD JV Member, LLC all of which has been funded as of March 31, 2018 (of which $2.9 million earns a 20% preferred return).

On June 7, 2016, the Alexan CityCentre property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a loan modification agreement to amend the terms of its construction loan financing the construction and development of the Alexan CityCentre property (the “Alexan Development”). The maximum principal amount available to the borrower under the terms of the modified loan is $55.1 million of which approximately $55.0 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018. The maturity date is January 1, 2020, subject to a single one-year extension exercisable at the option of the borrower. The interest rate on the loan is a variable per annum rate equal to the prime rate plus 0.5%, or LIBOR plus 3.00%, at the borrower’s option. The loan requires monthly interest payments until the maturity date, after which $60,000 monthly payments of principal will be required in addition to payment of accrued interest during the maturity extension period. Certain unaffiliated third parties agreed to guaranty the completion of the development of the Alexan Development and provided partial guaranties of the borrower’s principal and interest obligations under the loan.

The six-month period during which the Company has the right to convert its preferred membership interest into a common membership interest commenced on January 21, 2018, the date on which Alexan Development achieved 70% leased and occupied units. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has not elected to convert into a common membership interest.

Alexan Southside Place Interests

On January 12, 2015, through BRG Southside, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of its Operating Partnership, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture, along with Fund II and Fund III, which are affiliates of the former Manager, and an affiliate of Trammell Crow Residential, to develop an approximately 270-unit Class A apartment community located in Houston, Texas, to be known as Alexan Southside Place. Alexan Southside Place will be developed upon a tract of land ground leased from Prokop Industries BH, L.P., a Texas limited partnership, by BR Bellaire BLVD, LLC, as tenant under an 85-year ground lease. The Company has made a capital commitment of $20.6 million to acquire 100% of the preferred equity interests in BR Southside Member, LLC, all of which has been funded as of March 31, 2018 (of which $3.3 million earns a 20% preferred return).

In conjunction with the Alexan Southside development, on April 7, 2015, the Alexan Southside leasehold interest holder, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $31.8 million construction loan, of which $27.6 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018, which is secured by the leasehold interest in the Alexan Southside Place property. The loan matures on April 7, 2019, and contains a one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest on a floating basis on the amount drawn based on the base rate plus 1.25% or LIBOR plus 2.25%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term, with payments during the extension period based on a thirty-year amortization. The loan can be prepaid without penalty.

APOK Townhomes Interests

On September 1, 2016, through BRG Boca, LLC, or BRG Boca, a wholly-owned subsidiary of its Operating Partnership, the Company made an investment in a multi-tiered joint venture, along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and NCC Development Group, or the Boca JV, to develop a 90-unit Class A apartment community located in Boca Raton, Florida to be known as APOK Townhomes. On January 6, 2017, (i) Fund II substantially redeemed the common equity investment held by BRG Boca in BR Boca JV Member for $7.3 million, (ii) BRG Boca maintained a 0.5% common interest in BR Boca JV Member, and (iii) the Company, through BRG Boca, provided a mezzanine loan in the amount of $11.2 million to BR Boca JV Member, or the BRG Boca Mezz Loan. See Note 6 for further details regarding APOK Townhomes and the BRG Boca Mezz Loan.

Domain Phase 1 Interests

On November 20, 2015, through a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, BRG Domain Phase 1, LLC, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of ArchCo Residential, to develop an approximately 299-unit, Class A, apartment community located in Garland, Texas. The property will be developed upon a tract of approximately 10 acres of land. On March 3, 2017, (i) Fund II substantially redeemed the preferred equity investment held by BRG Domain 1 in BR Domain 1 JV Member for $7.1 million, (ii) BRG Domain 1 maintained a 0.5% common interest in BR Domain 1 JV Member, and (iii) the Company, through BRG Domain 1, provided a mezzanine loan in the amount of $20.3 million to BR Domain 1 JV Member, or the BRG Domain 1 Mezz Loan. See Note 6 for further details regarding Domain Phase 1 and the BRG Domain 1 Mezz Loan.

Flagler Village Interests

On December 18, 2015, through BRG Flagler Village, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, the Company made an investment in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of ArchCo Residential, to develop an approximately 385-unit, Class A apartment community located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. On December 29, 2017, (i) Fund II substantially redeemed the equity investment held by BRG Flagler Village, LLC in BR Flagler JV Member, LLC for $26.3 million, (ii) BRG Flagler Village, LLC maintained a 0.5% common interest in BR Flagler JV Member, and (iii) the Company, through BRG Flagler Village, LLC, provided a mezzanine loan in the amount of $53.6 million to BR Flagler JV Member, LLC, or the BRG Flagler Mezz Loan. See Note 6 for further details regarding Flagler Village and the BRG Flagler Mezz Loan.

Helios Interests

On May 29, 2015, through BRG Cheshire, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of its Operating Partnership, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture, along with Fund III and an affiliate of Catalyst Development Partners II, to develop a 282-unit Class A apartment community located in Atlanta, Georgia, to be known as Helios Apartments. The Company has made a capital commitment of $16.4 million to acquire 100% of the preferred equity interests in BR Cheshire Member, LLC, all of which has been funded as of March 31, 2018.

In conjunction with the Helios development, on December 16, 2015, the Helios property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $38.1 million construction loan which is secured by the fee simple interest in the Helios property, of which approximately $38.0 million is outstanding at March 31, 2018. The loan matures on December 16, 2018, and contains two one-year extension options, subject to certain conditions including a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest on a floating basis on the amount drawn based on one-month LIBOR plus 2.50%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term, with payments during the extension period based on a thirty-year amortization. The loan can be prepaid without penalty.

Lake Boone Trail Interests

On December 18, 2015, through BRG Lake Boone, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, BRG Lake Boone, LLC, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of Tribridge Residential, LLC, to develop an approximately 245-unit, Class A apartment community located in Raleigh, North Carolina (“Lake Boone Trail”). The Company has made a capital commitment of $11.9 million to acquire 100% of the preferred equity interests in BR Lake Boone JV Member, LLC, all of which has been funded at March 31, 2018.

In conjunction with the Lake Boone Trail development, on June 23, 2016, the Lake Boone Trail property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a $25.2 million construction loan which is secured by the fee simple interest in the Lake Boone Trail property, of which $18.6 million is outstanding as of March 31, 2018. The loan matures on December 23, 2019, and contains one extension option for one year to five years, subject to certain conditions including construction completion, a debt service coverage, loan to value ratio and payment of an extension fee. The loan bears interest on a floating basis on the amount drawn based on one-month LIBOR plus 2.65%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only during the initial term, with payments during the extension period based on a thirty-year amortization. The loan can be prepaid without penalty.

West Morehead Interests

On January 6, 2016, through BRG Morehead NC, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, BRG Morehead NC, LLC, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture along with Fund II, an affiliate of the former Manager, and an affiliate of ArchCo Residential, to develop an approximately 286-unit Class A apartment community located in Charlotte, North Carolina to be known as West Morehead.  The Company has a 0.5% common equity interest in BR Morehead JV Member, LLC, at March 31, 2018. See Note 6 for further details regarding West Morehead and the BRG West Morehead Mezz Loan.

Whetstone Interests

On May 20, 2015, through BRG Whetstone Durham, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of its Operating Partnership, the Company made a convertible preferred equity investment in a multi-tiered joint venture, along with Fund III and an affiliate of TriBridge Residential, LLC, to acquire a 204-unit Class A apartment community located in Durham, North Carolina, to be known as Whetstone Apartments. The Company has made a capital commitment of $12.9 million to acquire 100% of the preferred equity interests in BR Whetstone Member, LLC, all of which has been funded as of March 31, 2018. On October 2, 2016, the Company entered into an agreement that provided for an extended twelve-month period in which it had a right to convert into common ownership. The Company did not elect to convert into common ownership on October 6, 2017, and therefore its preferred return decreased to 6.5%. Effective April 1, 2017, Whetstone ceased paying its preferred return on a current basis. The accrued preferred return of $1.5 million is shown as a due from affiliates in the consolidated balance sheet. The Company has evaluated the preferred equity investment and accrued preferred return and determined that the investment is not impaired and is fully recoverable.

On October 6, 2016, the Whetstone property owner, which is owned by an entity in which the Company owns an indirect interest, entered into a mortgage loan of approximately $26.5 million secured by the Whetstone Apartment property, of which $26.3 million was outstanding as of March 31, 2018. The loan matures on November 1, 2023. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.81%. Regular monthly payments are interest-only until November 1, 2017, with monthly payments beginning December 1, 2017 based on thirty-year amortization. The loan may be prepaid with the greater of 1% prepayment fee or yield maintenance until October 31, 2021, and thereafter at par. The loan is nonrecourse to the Company and its joint venture partners with certain standard scope non-recourse carve-outs for certain deeds, acts or failures to act on the part of the Company and the joint venture partners.

Note 8 – Revolving credit facilities

The outstanding balances on the revolving credit facilities as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, are as follows:

Senior Credit Facility

On October 4, 2017, the Company, through its Operating Partnership, entered into a credit agreement (the “Senior Credit Facility”) with KeyBank National Association (“KeyBank”) and other lenders. The Senior Credit Facility provides for an initial loan commitment amount of $150 million, which commitment contains an accordion feature up to a maximum commitment of up to $250 million.

The Senior Credit Facility matures on October 4, 2020, with a one-year extension option, subject to certain conditions and the payment of an extension fee. Borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at LIBOR plus 1.80% to 2.45%, or the base rate plus 0.80% to 1.45%, depending on the Company’s leverage ratio. The weighted average interest rate was 3.97% at March 31, 2018. The Company pays an unused fee at an annual rate of 0.20% to 0.25% of the unused portion of the Senior Credit Facility, depending on the amount of borrowings outstanding. The Senior Credit Facility contains certain financial and operating covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, minimum liquidity, minimum debt service coverage ratio, and minimum tangible net worth. The Company has guaranteed the obligations under the Senior Credit Facility and provided certain properties as collateral.

Junior Credit Facility

On March 20, 2018, the Company, through a subsidiary of its Operating Partnership, entered into a credit agreement (the “Junior Credit Facility”) with KeyBank and other lenders. The Junior Credit Facility provides for a maximum loan commitment amount of $50 million.

The Junior Credit Facility matures on March 20, 2019. Borrowings under the Junior Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at LIBOR plus 4.0%, or the base rate plus 3.0%. The weighted average interest rate was 5.86% at March 31, 2018. The Company pays an unused fee at an annual rate of 0.35% to 0.40% of the unused portion of the Junior Credit Facility, depending on the amount of borrowings outstanding. The Junior Credit Facility contains certain financial and operating covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, minimum liquidity, minimum debt service coverage ratio, minimum tangible net worth and minimum equity raise and collateral values. The Company has guaranteed the obligations under the Junior Credit Facility and has pledged certain assets as collateral.

The remaining availability of borrowings under the revolving credit facilities at March 31, 2018 is based on the value of the collateral and compliance with various ratios related to those assets and was approximately $23.2 million.

Note 9 – Mortgages Payable

The following table summarizes certain information as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, with respect to the Company’s senior mortgage indebtedness (amounts in thousands):

⁽¹⁾ In March 2018, one month LIBOR in effect was 1.67%. One month LIBOR at March 31, 2018 was 1.88%.

⁽²⁾ The principal balance includes the initial advance of $29.44 million at a floating rate of 1.67% plus one month LIBOR and a $4.85 million supplemental loan at a floating rate of 2.74% plus one month LIBOR. At March 31, 2018, the interest rates on the initial advance and supplemental loan were 3.34% and 4.41%, respectively.

⁽³⁾ The principal balance includes a $16.5 million loan at a fixed rate of 3.97% and a $7.7 million supplemental loan at a fixed rate of 5.01%.

⁽⁴⁾ The principal balance includes a $15.3 million loan at a fixed rate of 3.21% and a $3.2 million supplemental loan at a fixed rate of 4.34%.  

Deferred financing costs

Costs incurred in obtaining long-term financing, reflected as a reduction of Mortgages Payable in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, are amortized on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest method, over the terms of the related debt agreements, as applicable.

The Links at Plum Creek Mortgage Payable

On March 26, 2018, the Company, through an indirect subsidiary, entered into a $40.0 million loan secured by The Links at Plum Creek. The loan matures October 1, 2025 and bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.31%, with interest only payments until April 2020, and then monthly payments based on 30-year amortization. After June 30, 2025, the loan may be prepaid without prepayment fee or yield maintenance.

Debt maturities

As of March 31, 2018, contractual principal payments for the five subsequent years and thereafter are as follows (amounts in thousands):

The net book value of real estate assets providing collateral for these above borrowings, including the revolving credit facilities, were $1,450.3 million and $1,397.4 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

The mortgage loans encumbering the Company’s properties are generally nonrecourse, subject to certain exceptions for which the Company would be liable for any resulting losses incurred by the lender.  These exceptions vary from loan to loan but generally include fraud or a material misrepresentation, misstatement or omission by the borrower, intentional or grossly negligent conduct by the borrower that harms the property or results in a loss to the lender, filing of a bankruptcy petition by the borrower, either directly or indirectly and certain environmental liabilities.  In addition, upon the occurrence of certain events, such as fraud or filing of a bankruptcy petition by the borrower, the Company or our joint ventures would be liable for the entire outstanding balance of the loan, all interest accrued thereon and certain other costs, including penalties and expenses.

Note 10 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company believes the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, due to and from affiliates, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, and distributions payable approximate their fair value based on their highly-liquid nature and/or short-term maturities.  Based on the discounted amount of future cash flows currently available to the Company for similar liabilities, the fair value of the Company’s mortgages payable is estimated at $975.9 million and $940.7 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, compared to the carrying amounts, before adjustments for deferred financing costs, net, of $987.7 million and $948.7 million, respectively.  The fair value of mortgages payable is estimated based on the Company’s current interest rates (Level 3 inputs, as defined in ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement”) for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

Note 11 – Related Party Transactions

Former Management Agreement

The Company entered into a management agreement (the “Management Agreement”) with the former Manager, at its Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) on April 2, 2014. On October 31, 2017, upon the Company’s acquisition of a newly-formed entity owning the assets used by the former Manager in its performance of the management functions then provided to the Company pursuant to the Management Agreement, or the Internalization, the Company became internally managed. The current management and investment teams, who were previously employed by an affiliate of the former Manager, became employed by the Company’s indirect subsidiary, and the Company become an internally managed real estate investment trust.

While the Company was externally managed, the Management Agreement required the former Manager to manage the Company’s business affairs in conformity with the investment guidelines and other policies that were approved and monitored by the Company’s board of directors. The Company paid the former Manager a base management fee in an amount based on the Company’s stockholders’ existing and contributed equity prior to the IPO and equity raised subsequent to the IPO. The base management fee was payable independent of the performance of the Company’s investments. The Management Agreement provided that the base management fee could be payable in cash or LTIP Units, at the election of the board. The number of LTIP Units issued for the base management fee or incentive fee was based on the fees earned divided by the 5-day trailing average Class A common stock price prior to issuance. Base management fees of $2.3 million were expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and were paid through the issuance of 183,150 Units.

The Company also paid the former Manager an incentive fee based on performance. The incentive fee could be payable in cash or LTIP Units, at the election of the Board. Incentive fees of $0.4 million were expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and were paid through the issuance of 34,803 LTIP Units.

In 2015 and 2016, the Company issued grants of LTIP Units under the Amended 2014 Incentive Plans to the former Manager. The LTIP Units vested ratably over a three-year period, subject to certain terms and conditions. These LTIP Units may be convertible into OP Units under certain conditions and then may be settled in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. LTIP expense of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, was recorded as part of general and administrative expenses. The expense recognized during 2017 was based on the Class A common stock closing price at the vesting date or the end of the period, as applicable.

The Company was also required to reimburse the former Manager for certain expenses and paid all operating expenses, except those specifically required to be borne by the former Manager under the Management Agreement. Reimbursements of $0.6 million were expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2017, and were recorded as part of general and administrative expenses. In addition, the former Manager was reimbursed for offering costs in conjunction with the January 2017 Common Stock Offering of $0.03 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017.

The former Manager retained, at its sole cost and expense, the services of such persons and firms as the former Manager deemed necessary in connection with the Company’s management and operations (including accountants, legal counsel and other professional service providers), provided that such expenses are in amounts no greater than those that would be payable to third-party professionals or consultants engaged to perform such services pursuant to agreements negotiated on an arm’s-length basis.

All of the Company’s executive officers, and some of its directors, were also executive officers, managers and/or holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in the former Manager and other Bluerock-affiliated entities.  As a result, they owed fiduciary duties to each of these entities, their members, limited partners and investors, which fiduciary duties may have from time to time conflicted with the fiduciary duties that they owed to the Company and its stockholders.

Administrative Services Agreement

In connection with the closing of the Internalization, the Company entered into an Administrative Services Agreement with Bluerock Real Estate, LLC and its affiliate, Bluerock Real Estate Holdings, LLC (together “BRE”) (the “Administrative Services Agreement”). Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, BRE will provide the Company with certain human resources, investor relations, marketing, legal and other administrative services (the “Services”) to facilitate a smooth transition in the Company’s management of its operations and enable the Company to benefit from operational efficiencies created by access to such services following closing, to give the Company time to develop such services in-house or to hire other third-party service providers for such services. The Services will be provided on an at-cost basis, generally allocated based on the use of such Services for the benefit of the Company’s business, and shall be invoiced on a quarterly basis. In addition, the Administrative Services Agreement will permit, from time to time, certain employees of the Company to provide or cause to be provided services to BRE, on an at-cost basis, generally allocated based on the use of such services for the benefit of the business of BRE and invoiced on a quarterly basis, and otherwise subject to the terms of the Services to be provided by BRE to the Company under the Administrative Services Agreement. Payment by the Company of invoices and other amounts payable under the Administrative Services Agreement will be made in cash or, in the sole discretion of the Company’s board of directors, in the form of fully-vested LTIP Units.

The initial term of the Administrative Services Agreement is one year from the date of execution, subject to the Company’s right to renew it for successive one-year terms upon sixty (60) days written notice prior to expiration. The Administrative Services Agreement will automatically terminate (i) upon termination by the Company of all Services, or (ii) in the event of non-renewal by the Company. Any Company Party will also be able to terminate the Administrative Services Agreement with respect to any individual Service upon written notice to the applicable BRE entity, in which case the specified Service will discontinue as of the date stated in such notice, which date must be at least ninety (90) days from the date of such notice. Further, either BRE entity may terminate the Administrative Services Agreement at any time upon the occurrence of a “Change of Control Event” (as defined therein) upon at least one hundred eighty (180) days prior written notice to the Company.

Pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, BRE will be responsible for the payment of all employee benefits and any other direct and indirect compensation for the employees of BRE (or their affiliates or permitted subcontractors) assigned to perform the Services, as well as such employees’ worker’s compensation insurance, employment taxes, and other applicable employer liabilities relating to such employees.

Recorded as part of general and administrative expenses, reimbursements of $0.1 million and $0.4 million related to payroll and operating expenses, respectively, were expensed during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Pursuant to the terms of the Management Agreement, summarized below are the related party amounts payable to our former Manager, as well as to BRE, as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands):

As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had $2.2 million and $2.0 million, respectively, in receivables due from related parties other than from BRE or the former Manager, primarily for accrued preferred returns on unconsolidated real estate investments for the most recent month.

Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees

In conjunction with the offering of the Series B Preferred Stock, the Company engaged a related party, as dealer manager, and pays up to 10% of the gross offering proceeds from the offering as selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The dealer manager may re-allow the selling commissions and dealer manager fees to participating broker-dealers, and is expected to incur costs in excess of the 10%, which costs will be borne by the dealer manager. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company has incurred approximately $1.3 million and $0.6 million, in selling commissions and dealer manager fees, respectively. In addition, the former Manager was reimbursed for offering costs in conjunction with the Series B Preferred Offering of $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018, which were recorded as a reduction to the proceeds of the offering.

Preferred Equity Investments and Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Joint Ventures

The Company invests with related parties in various joint ventures in which the Company owns either preferred or common interests. Please refer to Note 7 for further information.

Notes and interest receivable from related party

The Company provides mezzanine loans to related parties in conjunction with the developments of multifamily communities. Please refer to Note 6 and 7 for further information.

Note 12 – Stockholders’ Equity

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders, less dividends on LTIP Units expected to vest plus gains on redemptions on common stock, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and any potential dilutive shares for the period.  Net loss attributable to common stockholders is computed by adjusting net loss for the non-forfeitable dividends paid on non-vested LTIP Units.

The Company considers the requirements of the two-class method when preparing earnings per share. The Company has two classes of common stock outstanding, Class A common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and Class C common stock, $0.01 par value per share. The Class C common stock was issued in connection with the Company’s Internalization and is entitled to participate in the Company’s dividends on a one-for-one basis with the Class A common stock. Earnings per share is not affected by the two-class method because the Company’s Class A and C common stock participate in dividends on a one-for-one basis.

The following table reconciles the components of basic and diluted net loss per common share (amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

The effect of the conversion of OP Units and LTIP Units is not reflected in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share, as they are exchangeable for Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. The income allocable to such units is allocated on this same basis and reflected as noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. As such, the assumed conversion of these units would have no net impact on the determination of diluted earnings per share.

Follow-On Equity Offerings

On January 17, 2017, the Company completed an underwritten offering (the “January 2017 Class A Common Stock Offering”) of 4,000,000 shares of its Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share. The offer and sale of the shares were registered with the SEC pursuant to the January 2016 Shelf Registration Statement. The public offering price of $13.15 per share was announced on January 11, 2017. Net proceeds of the January 2017 Class A Common Stock Offering were approximately $49.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering costs. On January 24, 2017, the Company closed on the sale of 600,000 shares of Class A common stock for proceeds of approximately $7.5 million pursuant to the underwriters’ full exercise of the overallotment option.

Series B Preferred Stock Offering

The Company issued 18,531 shares of Series B Preferred Stock under a continuous registered offering with net proceeds of approximately $16.7 million after commissions and dealer manager fees during the three months ended March 31, 2018. As of March 31, 2018, the Company has sold 203,217 shares of Series B Preferred Stock and 203,217 Warrants to purchase 4,064,340 shares of Class A common stock for net proceeds of approximately $182.9 million after commissions and fees. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, 482 Series B Preferred shares were redeemed through the issuance of 44,965 Class A common shares and 35 Series B Preferred shares were redeemed for approximately $32,550 in cash.

At-the-Market Offerings

On August 8, 2016, the Company, its Operating Partnership and its former Manager entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Class A Sales Agreement”) with FBR Capital Markets & Co. (“FBR”). Pursuant to the Class A Sales Agreement, FBR will act as distribution agent with respect to the offering and sale of up to $100,000,000 in shares of Class A common stock in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including without limitation sales made directly on or through the NYSE American, or on any other existing trading market for Class A common stock or through a market maker (the “Class A Common Stock ATM Offering”). The Company has not commenced any sales through the Class A Common Stock ATM Offering.

Class A common stock repurchase program

In February 2018, the Company authorized a stock repurchase plan to purchase up to $25 million of the Company’s outstanding shares of Class A common stock. The repurchase plan has a term of one year and may be discontinued at any time. The extent to which the Company repurchases shares of its Class A common stock, and the timing of any such purchases, will depend on a variety of factors including general business and market conditions and other corporate considerations. The Company purchased 530,693 shares of Class A common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2018 for a total purchase price of $4.2 million.

The following table is a summary of the Class A common stock repurchase activity as of March 31, 2018:

Operating Partnership and Long-Term Incentive Plan Units

As of March 31, 2018, limited partners other than the Company owned approximately 25.11% of the Operating Partnership (6,230,757 OP Units, or 19.60%, is held by OP Unit holders, and 1,750,606 LTIP Units, or 5.51%, is held by LTIP Unit holders, of which 3.32% are not vested at March 31, 2018). Subject to certain restrictions set forth in the Operating Partnership’s Limited Partnership Agreement, OP Units are exchangeable for Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis, or, at the Company’s election, redeemable for cash.

Equity Incentive Plans – LTIP Grants

Prior to the Internalization, in 2015 and 2016, the Company issued grants of LTIP Units under the Amended 2014 Incentive Plans to the former Manager. The LTIP Units vested ratably over a three-year period, subject to certain terms and conditions. LTIP expense of $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2017, was recorded as part of general and administrative expenses. The expense recognized during 2017 was based on the Class A common stock closing price at the vesting date or the end of the period, as applicable. In conjunction with the Internalization, 212,203 outstanding LTIP Units issued as incentive equity to our former Manager became vested in accordance with their original terms.

On February 14, 2017, the Company granted a total of 7,500 LTIP Units to its independent directors under the Amended 2014 Individuals Plan. The fair value of the grants was approximately $0.1 million and the LTIP Units vested immediately.

On October 26, 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the Amended 2014 Individuals Plan, (the “Second Amended 2014 Individuals Plan”), and the Amended 2014 Entities Plan, (the “Second Amended 2014 Entities Plan”), and together with the Second Amended 2014 Individuals Plan, the “Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans”. The Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans allow for the issuance of up to an additional 1,075,000 shares of Class A common stock. The Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans provide for the grant of options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, stock awards, stock appreciation rights, performance units, incentive awards and other equity-based awards.

On January 1, 2018, the Company granted certain equity grants of LTIPS of the Company’s operating partnership to various executive officers under the Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans. These awards, amounting to 1,056,211 LTIPs, were issued pursuant to the executive officers’ employment and service agreements as time-based LTIPs and performance-based LTIPs. All of these LTIP grants require continuous employment for vesting. Due to a limitation on the number of LTIP Units available for issuance under the Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans, the long-term performance awards were, in aggregate, approximately 81,000 LTIP Units lower than those which the recipients were entitled pursuant to the terms of their respective employments agreements, with the Company planning to issue the remaining LTIP Units at such time as such LTIP Units become available under the Equity Incentive Plans. Time-based LTIPs were issued amounting to 770,854 LTIPs that vest over approximately five years and 160,192 LTIPs that vest over approximately three years. The Company recognizes compensation expense based on the fair value at the date of grant, ratably over the requisite service periods for the time-based LTIPs, thus, the Company recognized approximately $1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Performance-based LTIPs were issued amounting to 125,165 LTIPs, are subject to a three-year performance period, and will vest immediately upon successful achievement of performance based conditions. Performance criteria are primarily based on a mixture of objective internal achievement goals and relative performance against its industry peers, with a minimum, threshold, and maximum performance standard for performance criteria. After the determination of the achievement of the performance criteria, any performance-based LTIP Units that were awarded but do not vest will be canceled. The Company recognizes compensation expense based on the fair value at the date of grant and the probability of achievement of performance criteria over the performance period for the performance-based LTIPs, thus, the Company recognized approximately $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

In addition, on January 1, 2018, the Company granted 6,263 LTIP Units under the Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans to each independent member of the board of directors in payment of the equity portion of their respective annual retainers. The LTIP Units were fully vested upon issuance and thus, the Company recognized expense of approximately $0.2 million immediately based on the fair value at the date of grant.

At March 31, 2018, there was $9.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested LTIPs granted under the Second Amended 2014 Incentive Plans. The remaining cost is expected to be recognized over a period of 4.1 years.

LTIP Units may be convertible into OP Units under certain conditions and then may be settled in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or, at the Company’s election, cash.

Distributions

A portion of each dividend may constitute a return of capital for tax purposes. There is no assurance that the Company will continue to declare dividends or at this rate. Holders of OP and LTIP Units are entitled to receive "distribution equivalents" at the same time as dividends are paid to holders of the Company's Class A common stock.

The Company has a dividend reinvestment plan that allows for participating stockholders to have their dividend distributions automatically invested in additional Class A common shares based on the average price of the shares on the investment date. The Company plans to issue Class A common shares to cover shares required for investment.

 Distributions declared and paid for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were as follows (amounts in thousands):

⁽¹⁾ On December 20, 2017, the Company’s board of directors authorized, and the Company declared a quarterly dividend for the first quarter of 2018 equal to a quarterly rate of $0.1625 per share on the Class A and Class C common stock, payable to the stockholders of record as of March 23, 2018, which was paid in cash on April 5, 2018. Holders of OP and LTIP Units are entitled to receive “distribution equivalents” at the same time as dividends are paid to holders of the Class A common stock. The Company recorded an estimated accrued distribution at December 31, 2017 based on the Class A common stock outstanding. Due to the impact of the Class A common stock repurchase program that was initiated in February 2018, the distribution required based on the outstanding Class A common stock at the March 23, 2018 record date was lower than the accrued distribution recorded at December 31, 2017 and therefore, a negative declared distribution is reflected.

Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to various legal actions and claims arising in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcome of any legal matter cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that any of these legal proceedings or matters will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or results of operations or liquidity of the Company.

Note 14 – Subsequent Events

Declaration of Dividends

Holders of OP and LTIP Units are entitled to receive "distribution equivalents" at the same time as dividends are paid to holders of the Company's Class A common stock. A portion of each dividend may constitute a return of capital for tax purposes. There is no assurance that the Company will continue to declare dividends or at this rate.

 Distributions Paid

The following distributions were paid to the Company's stockholders, as well as holders of OP and LTIP Units subsequent to March 31, 2018 (amounts in thousands):

Acquisition of Sands Parc

On May 1, 2018, the Company, through subsidiaries of its Operating Partnership, acquired a 100.0% interest in a 264-unit apartment community located in Daytona, Florida, known as Sands Parc (“Sands Parc”) for approximately $46.2 million. The purchase price of $46.2 million was funded, in part, with the Company’s Senior Credit Facility secured by the Sands Parc property.

Entry into Master Credit Facility with Fannie Mae

On April 30, 2018, the Company, through its Operating Partnership, caused BR Metrowest, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, together with certain other subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership, to enter into a Master Credit Facility Agreement (the “Fannie Facility”) with Walker & Dunlop, LLC (“Walker & Dunlop”) as the original lender. The Fannie Facility was issued through Fannie Mae’s Multifamily Delegated Underwriting and Servicing Program and was assigned by Walker & Dunlop to Fannie Mae. The Fannie Facility includes certain restrictive covenants, including indebtedness, liens, investments, mergers and asset sales, and distributions. The Fannie Facility also contains events of default, including payment defaults, covenant defaults, bankruptcy events, and change of control events. The Company has guaranteed the obligations under the Fannie Facility.

On April 30, 2018, the Fannie Facility provided for an initial $64.6 million fixed rate advance (the “Initial Advance”), which was used to refinance a loan secured by the multifamily residential property commonly known as ARIUM Metrowest Apartments located in Orlando, Florida. The Initial Advance has a term of eighty-four (84) months and will mature on May 1, 2025. The Initial Advance will bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.43% per annum.

On May 3, 2018, the Fannie Facility provided for a $22.1 million fixed rate advance (the “Second Advance”), which was used to refinance a loan secured by the multifamily residential property commonly known as Outlook at Greystone Apartments located in Birmingham, Alabama. The Second Advance has a term of eighty-four (84) months and will mature on June 1, 2025. The Second Advance will bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.30% per annum. The Company may request future fixed rate advances or variable rate advances under the Fannie Facility either by borrowing against the value of the mortgaged properties (based on the valuation methodology established in the Fannie Facility) or adding eligible properties to the collateral pool, subject to customary conditions, including satisfaction of minimum debt service coverage and maximum loan-to-value tests. The proceeds of any future advances made under the Fannie Facility may be used, among other things, for the acquisition and refinancing of additional properties to be identified in the future.

Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Bluerock Residential Growth REIT, Inc., and the notes thereto. As used herein, the terms “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Bluerock Residential Growth REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and, as required by context, Bluerock Residential Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to as our “Operating Partnership,” and to their subsidiaries. We refer to Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company, as “Bluerock”, and we refer to our former external manager, BRG Manager, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as our “former Manager.” Both Bluerock and our former Manager are affiliated with the Company.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts (including any statements concerning investment objectives, other plans and objectives of management for future operations or economic performance, or assumptions or forecasts related thereto) are “forward-looking statements,” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are only predictions. We caution that forward-looking statements are not guarantees. Actual events or our investments and results of operations could differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “should,” “expect,” “could,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “predict,” “potential” or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology.

The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions and beliefs that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to:

Any of the assumptions underlying forward-looking statements could be inaccurate. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements included in this report. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report and the risk that actual results will differ materially from the expectations expressed in this report will increase with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this report, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason. The forward-looking statements should be read in light of the risk factors set forth in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 13, 2018, and subsequent filings by us with the SEC, or (“Risk Factors”).

Overview

We were incorporated as a Maryland corporation on July 25, 2008. Our objective is to maximize long-term stockholder value by acquiring and developing well-located institutional-quality apartment properties in demographically attractive growth markets across the United States. We seek to maximize returns through investments where we believe we can drive substantial growth in our funds from operations and net asset value primarily through our Core-Plus and Invest-to-Own investment strategies.

We conduct our operations through Bluerock Residential Holdings, L.P., our operating partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), of which we are the sole general partner. The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries.

As of March 31, 2018, our portfolio consisted of interests in forty properties, twenty-nine operating properties and eleven through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments. Of the property interests held through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments, six are under development, four are in leaseup and one property is stabilized. The forty properties contain an aggregate of 12,672 units, comprised of 9,872 consolidated operating units and 2,800 units through preferred equity and mezzanine loan investments. As of March 31, 2018, these properties, exclusive of our development properties, were approximately 94% occupied.

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code and have qualified as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2010. In order to continue to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders each calendar year at least 90% of our taxable income (excluding net capital gains). If we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and will not be permitted to qualify as a REIT for four years following the year in which our qualification is denied. Such an event could materially and adversely affect our net income and results of operations. We intend to continue to organize and operate in such a manner as to remain qualified as a REIT.

Recent Developments

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we acquired one stabilized property and increased the mezzanine loan in Flagler Village as discussed below.

Acquisition of The Links at Plum Creek

On March 26, 2018, we, through subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership, acquired a 88.0% interest in a 264-unit apartment community located in Castle Rock, Colorado, known as The Links at Plum Creek (“Plum Creek”) for approximately $61.1 million. The purchase price of $61.1 million was funded, in part, with a $40.0 million senior mortgage loan secured by the Plum Creek property.

Notes and accrued interest receivable from related parties

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we restated and increased the mezzanine loan to Flagler JV by $21.0 million, to approximately $74.6 million. See Notes 6 to the interim Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Recent Stock Offerings

During the three months ended March 31, 2018 we continued to raise capital to finance our investment activities.

Series B Preferred Stock

We issued 18,531 shares of Series B Preferred Stock under a continuous registered offering with net proceeds of approximately $16.7 million after commissions and dealer manager fees of approximately $1.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Our total stockholders’ equity decreased $11.7 million from $222.8 million as of December 31, 2017 to $211.1 million as of March 31, 2018. The decrease in our total stockholders’ equity is primarily attributable to dividends declared of $8.3 million, repurchase of Class A common stock of $4.2 million and our net loss of $0.1 million, during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Results of Operations

The following is a summary of our stabilized consolidated operating real estate investments as of March 31, 2018: