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COMERICA INC /NEW/ - Quarter Report: 2016 September (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________________
FORM 10-Q 
______________________________
(Mark One)
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016
Or
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
Commission file number 1-10706
____________________________________________________________________________________
Comerica Incorporated
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
___________________________________________________________________________________
Delaware
38-1998421
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
Comerica Bank Tower
1717 Main Street, MC 6404
Dallas, Texas 75201
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
(214) 462-6831
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) 
_________________________________________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated
filer ý
 
Accelerated
filer o
 
Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller
reporting company)
 
Smaller reporting
company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
$5 par value common stock:
Outstanding as of October 24, 2016: 172,262,981 shares


Table of Contents

COMERICA INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



Table of Contents

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries
(in millions, except share data)
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
(unaudited)
 
 
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
1,292

 
$
1,157

 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
6,748

 
4,990

Other short-term investments
92

 
113

 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale
10,789

 
10,519

Investment securities held-to-maturity
1,695

 
1,981

 
 
 
 
Commercial loans
31,152

 
31,659

Real estate construction loans
2,743

 
2,001

Commercial mortgage loans
9,013

 
8,977

Lease financing
648

 
724

International loans
1,303

 
1,368

Residential mortgage loans
1,874

 
1,870

Consumer loans
2,541

 
2,485

Total loans
49,274

 
49,084

Less allowance for loan losses
(727
)
 
(634
)
Net loans
48,547

 
48,450

Premises and equipment
528

 
550

Accrued income and other assets
4,433

 
4,117

Total assets
$
74,124

 
$
71,877

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing deposits
$
31,776

 
$
30,839

 
 
 
 
Money market and interest-bearing checking deposits
22,436

 
23,532

Savings deposits
2,052

 
1,898

Customer certificates of deposit
2,967

 
3,552

Foreign office time deposits
30

 
32

Total interest-bearing deposits
27,485

 
29,014

Total deposits
59,261

 
59,853

Short-term borrowings
12

 
23

Accrued expenses and other liabilities
1,234

 
1,383

Medium- and long-term debt
5,890

 
3,058

Total liabilities
66,397

 
64,317

 
 
 
 
Common stock - $5 par value:
 
 
 
Authorized - 325,000,000 shares
 
 
 
Issued - 228,164,824 shares
1,141

 
1,141

Capital surplus
2,174

 
2,173

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(292
)
 
(429
)
Retained earnings
7,262

 
7,084

Less cost of common stock in treasury - 56,096,416 shares at 9/30/16
and 52,457,113 shares at 12/31/15
(2,558
)
 
(2,409
)
Total shareholders’ equity
7,727

 
7,560

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
74,124

 
$
71,877

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

1

Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries 


 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
INTEREST INCOME
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest and fees on loans
$
411

 
$
390

 
$
1,223

 
$
1,156

Interest on investment securities
61

 
54

 
185

 
160

Interest on short-term investments
8

 
4

 
17

 
11

Total interest income
480

 
448

 
1,425

 
1,327

INTEREST EXPENSE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest on deposits
10

 
11

 
30

 
33

Interest on medium- and long-term debt
20

 
15

 
53

 
38

Total interest expense
30

 
26

 
83

 
71

Net interest income
450

 
422

 
1,342

 
1,256

Provision for credit losses
16

 
26

 
213

 
87

Net interest income after provision for credit losses
434

 
396

 
1,129

 
1,169

NONINTEREST INCOME
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Card fees
76

 
71

 
224

 
203

Service charges on deposit accounts
55

 
57

 
165

 
168

Fiduciary income
47

 
47

 
142

 
142

Commercial lending fees
26

 
22

 
68

 
69

Letter of credit fees
12

 
13

 
38

 
39

Bank-owned life insurance
12

 
10

 
30

 
29

Foreign exchange income
10

 
10

 
31

 
29

Brokerage fees
5

 
5

 
14

 
13

Net securities losses

 

 
(3
)
 
(2
)
Other noninterest income
29

 
25

 
75

 
79

Total noninterest income
272

 
260

 
784

 
769

NONINTEREST EXPENSES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and benefits expense
247

 
243

 
742

 
747

Outside processing fee expense
86

 
83

 
247

 
239

Net occupancy expense
40

 
41

 
117

 
118

Equipment expense
13

 
13

 
40

 
39

Restructuring charges
20

 

 
73

 

Software expense
31

 
26

 
90

 
73

FDIC insurance expense
14

 
9

 
39

 
27

Advertising expense
5

 
6

 
15

 
17

Litigation-related expense

 
(3
)
 

 
(32
)
Other noninterest expenses
37

 
39

 
106

 
117

Total noninterest expenses
493

 
457

 
1,469

 
1,345

Income before income taxes
213

 
199

 
444

 
593

Provision for income taxes
64

 
63

 
131

 
188

NET INCOME
149

 
136

 
313

 
405

Less income allocated to participating securities
1

 
2

 
3

 
5

Net income attributable to common shares
$
148

 
$
134

 
$
310

 
$
400

Earnings per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.87

 
$
0.76

 
$
1.80

 
$
2.27

Diluted
0.84

 
0.74

 
1.76

 
2.20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income
152

 
187

 
450

 
472

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash dividends declared on common stock
40

 
37

 
115

 
110

Cash dividends declared per common share
0.23

 
0.21

 
0.66

 
0.62

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

2

Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries


 
Common Stock
 
 
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
 
 
 
 
Total
Shareholders’
Equity
(in millions, except per share data)
Shares
Outstanding
 
Amount
 
Capital
Surplus
 
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Treasury
Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2014
179.0

 
$
1,141

 
$
2,188

 
$
(412
)
 
$
6,744

 
$
(2,259
)
 
$
7,402

Net income

 

 

 

 
405

 

 
405

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

 

 

 
67

 

 

 
67

Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.62 per share)

 

 

 

 
(110
)
 

 
(110
)
Purchase of common stock
(3.8
)
 

 

 

 

 
(175
)
 
(175
)
Purchase and retirement of warrants

 

 
(10
)
 

 

 

 
(10
)
Net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans
1.0

 

 
(21
)
 

 
(10
)
 
45

 
14

Net issuance of common stock for warrants
1.0

 

 
(21
)
 

 
(22
)
 
43

 

Share-based compensation

 

 
29

 

 

 

 
29

BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2015
177.2

 
$
1,141

 
$
2,165

 
$
(345
)
 
$
7,007

 
$
(2,346
)
 
$
7,622

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2015
175.7

 
$
1,141

 
$
2,173

 
$
(429
)
 
$
7,084

 
$
(2,409
)
 
$
7,560

Net income

 

 

 

 
313

 

 
313

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

 

 

 
137

 

 

 
137

Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.66 per share)

 

 

 

 
(115
)
 

 
(115
)
Purchase of common stock
(5.0
)
 

 

 

 

 
(211
)
 
(211
)
Net issuance of common stock under employee stock plans
1.4

 

 
(29
)
 

 
(20
)
 
62

 
13

Share-based compensation

 

 
30

 

 

 

 
30

BALANCE AT SEPTEMBER 30, 2016
172.1

 
$
1,141

 
$
2,174

 
$
(292
)
 
$
7,262

 
$
(2,558
)
 
$
7,727

See notes to consolidated financial statements.



3

Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries


 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net income
$
313

 
$
405

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
213

 
87

Benefit for deferred income taxes
(74
)
 
(52
)
Depreciation and amortization
91

 
90

Net periodic defined benefit cost
11

 
34

Share-based compensation expense
30

 
29

Net amortization of securities
7

 
11

Accretion of loan purchase discount
(4
)
 
(6
)
Net securities losses
3

 
2

Net gains on sales of foreclosed property
(3
)
 
(2
)
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation arrangements
(1
)
 
(3
)
Net change in:
 
 
 
Accrued income receivable
(8
)
 
(9
)
Accrued expenses payable
71

 
(70
)
Other, net
(252
)
 
147

Net cash provided by operating activities
397

 
663

INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
Maturities and redemptions
1,259

 
1,333

Purchases
(1,396
)
 
(1,933
)
Investment securities held-to-maturity:
 
 
 
Maturities and redemptions
288

 
244

Purchases

 
(166
)
Net change in loans
(290
)
 
(436
)
Proceeds from sales of foreclosed property
15

 
8

Net increase in premises and equipment
(71
)
 
(78
)
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock
(115
)
 

Other, net
3

 
5

Net cash used in investing activities
(307
)
 
(1,023
)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net change in:
 
 
 
Deposits
(686
)
 
1,361

Short-term borrowings
(11
)
 
(7
)
Medium- and long-term debt:
 
 
 
Maturities

 
(606
)
Issuances
2,800

 
1,016

Common stock:
 
 
 
Repurchases
(211
)
 
(175
)
Cash dividends paid
(112
)
 
(109
)
Issuances under employee stock plans
25

 
21

Purchase and retirement of warrants

 
(10
)
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation arrangements
1

 
3

Other, net
(3
)
 
(5
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
1,803

 
1,489

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
1,893

 
1,129

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
6,147

 
6,071

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
8,040

 
$
7,200

Interest paid
$
75

 
$
64

Income taxes paid
66

 
46

Noncash investing and financing activities:
 
 
 
Loans transferred to other real estate
21

 
9

Loans transferred from portfolio to held-for-sale

 
19

Loans transferred from held-for-sale to portfolio
17

 

Lease residual transferred to other assets

 
16

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Organization
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with United States (U.S.) generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation were included. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2016. Certain items in prior periods were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Annual Report of Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries (the Corporation) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” (ASU 2016-02), to increase the transparency and comparability of lease recognition and disclosure. The update requires lessees to recognize lease contracts with a term greater than one year on the balance sheet, while recognizing expenses on the income statement in a manner similar to current guidance. For lessors, the update makes targeted changes to the classification criteria and the lessor accounting model to align the guidance with the new lessee model and revenue guidance. ASU 2016-02 is effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2019 and must be applied using the modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-02.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payments Accounting,” (ASU 2016-09), which intends to simplify accounting for share based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences and classification of awards. Among other items, the update requires excess tax benefits and deficiencies to be recognized as a component of income taxes within the income statement rather than other comprehensive income as required in current guidance. ASU 2016-09 is effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2017. The recognition of excess tax benefits and deficiencies in the income statement must be adopted prospectively. The method of transition required will differ for other items being amended. Early adoption is permitted. The impact to the Corporation upon adoption is dependent on the market value per share of the Corporation's common stock at option expiration dates and restricted stock vesting dates.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments," (ASU 2016-13), which addresses concerns regarding the perceived delay in recognition of credit losses under the existing incurred loss model. The amendment introduces a new, single model for recognizing credit losses on all financial instruments presented on cost basis. Under the new model, entities must estimate current expected credit losses by considering all available relevant information, including historical and current information, as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts of future events. The update also requires additional qualitative and quantitative information to allow users to better understand the credit risk within the portfolio and the methodologies for determining allowance. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2020 and must be applied using the modified retrospective approach with limited exceptions. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments,” (ASU 2016-15), which reduces diversity in the presentation of several categories of transactions in the cash flow statement. Among other things, the update clarifies the appropriate classification for proceeds from settlement of bank owned life insurance (BOLI) policies. Based on preliminary assessments, the Corporation expects to change the classification of proceeds from settlement of BOLI policies from operating activities to investing activities. Proceeds from settlement of BOLI policies totaled $10 million and $6 million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $12 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. Other changes in classification resulting from this update are not expected to be significant. ASU 2016-15 is effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2018 and must be applied using the retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted.
NOTE 2 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Corporation utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The determination of fair values of financial instruments often requires the use of estimates. In cases where quoted market values in an active market are not available, the Corporation uses present value techniques and other valuation methods to estimate the fair values of its financial instruments. These valuation methods require considerable judgment and the resulting estimates of fair value can be significantly affected by the assumptions made and methods used.

5

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Trading securities, investment securities available-for-sale, derivatives and deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Corporation may be required to record other assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired loans, other real estate (primarily foreclosed property), nonmarketable equity securities and certain other assets and liabilities. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve write-downs of individual assets or application of lower of cost or fair value accounting.
Refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 for further information about the fair value hierarchy, descriptions of the valuation methodologies and key inputs used to measure financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, as well as a description of the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value disclosures for financial instruments not recorded at fair value in their entirety on a recurring basis.
ASSETS AND LIABLILITIES RECORDED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS
The following tables present the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
(in millions)
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation plan assets
$
88

 
$
88

 
$

 
$

 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency securities
2,826

 
2,826

 

 

 
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a)
7,828

 

 
7,828

 

 
State and municipal securities
8

 

 

 
8

(b)
Equity and other non-debt securities
127

 
81

 

 
46

(b)
Total investment securities available-for-sale
10,789

 
2,907

 
7,828

 
54

 
Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
389

 

 
362

 
27

 
Energy derivative contracts
192

 

 
192

 

 
Foreign exchange contracts
39

 

 
39

 

 
Warrants
2

 

 

 
2

 
Total derivative assets
622

 

 
593

 
29

 
Total assets at fair value
$
11,499

 
$
2,995

 
$
8,421

 
$
83

 
Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
170

 
$

 
$
170

 
$

 
Energy derivative contracts
190

 

 
190

 

 
Foreign exchange contracts
30

 

 
30

 

 
Total derivative liabilities
390

 

 
390

 

 
Deferred compensation plan liabilities
88

 
88

 

 

 
Total liabilities at fair value
$
478

 
$
88

 
$
390

 
$

 
(a)
Issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.
(b)
Auction-rate securities.

6

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

(in millions)
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred compensation plan assets
$
89

 
$
89

 
$

 
$

 
Equity and other non-debt securities
3

 
3

 
$

 
$

 
Total trading securities
92

 
92

 

 

 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency securities
2,763

 
2,763

 

 

 
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a)
7,545

 

 
7,545

 

 
State and municipal securities
9

 

 

 
9

(b)
Corporate debt securities
1

 

 

 
1

(b)
Equity and other non-debt securities
201

 
134

 

 
67

(b)
Total investment securities available-for-sale
10,519

 
2,897

 
7,545

 
77

 
Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
286

 

 
277

 
9

 
Energy derivative contracts
475

 

 
475

 

 
Foreign exchange contracts
57

 

 
57

 

 
Warrants
2

 

 

 
2

 
Total derivative assets
820

 

 
809

 
11

 
Total assets at fair value
$
11,431

 
$
2,989

 
$
8,354

 
$
88

 
Derivative liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
$
92

 
$

 
$
92

 
$

 
Energy derivative contracts
472

 

 
472

 

 
Foreign exchange contracts
46

 

 
46

 

 
Total derivative liabilities
610

 

 
610

 

 
Deferred compensation plan liabilities
89

 
89

 

 

 
Total liabilities at fair value
$
699

 
$
89

 
$
610

 
$

 
(a)
Issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.
(b)
Auction-rate securities.
There were no transfers of assets or liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis into or out of Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements during each of the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.

7

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
 
Net Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) (Pretax)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance 
at
Beginning
of Period
 
Recorded in Earnings
Recorded in
Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
 
 
 
 
Balance 
at
End of 
Period
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
Realized
Unrealized
 
Redemptions
 
Sales
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and municipal securities (a)
$
8

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
$

 
$

 
$
8

Corporate debt securities (a)
1

 

 

 

 
 
(1
)
 

 

Equity and other non-debt securities (a)
48

 

 

 
1

(c)
 
(3
)
 

 
46

Total investment securities available-for-sale
57

 

 

 
1

(c)
 
(4
)
 

 
54

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
27

 

 

 

 
 

 

 
27

Warrants
2

 
3

(b)

 

 
 

 
(3
)
 
2

Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and municipal securities (a)
$
23

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
$
(14
)
 
$

 
$
9

Corporate debt securities (a)
1

 

 

 

 
 

 

 
1

Equity and other non-debt securities (a)
71

 

 

 
(1
)
(c)
 
(1
)
 

 
69

Total investment securities available-for-sale
95

 

 

 
(1
)
(c)
 
(15
)
 

 
79

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
2

 

 
9

(b)

 
 

 

 
11

Warrants
3

 
5

(b)

 

 
 

 
(5
)
 
3

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and municipal securities (a)
$
9

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$
8

Corporate debt securities (a)
1

 

 

 

 
 
(1
)
 

 

Equity and other non-debt securities (a)
67

 



 
(3
)
(c)
 
(18
)
 

 
46

Total investment securities available-for-sale
77

 



 
(3
)
(c)
 
(20
)
 

 
54

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
9

 

 
18

(b)

 
 

 

 
27

Warrants
2

 
4

(b)

 

 
 

 
(4
)
 
2

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
State and municipal securities (a)
$
23

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
$
(14
)
 
$

 
$
9

Corporate debt securities (a)
1

 

 

 

 
 

 

 
1

Equity and other non-debt securities (a)
112

 
(2
)
(d)

 

 
 
(41
)
 

 
69

Total investment securities available-for-sale
136

 
(2
)
(d)

 

 
 
(55
)
 

 
79

Derivative assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts

 

 
11

(b)

 
 

 

 
11

Warrants
4

 
6

(b)
(1
)
(b)

 
 

 
(6
)
 
3

(a)
Auction-rate securities.
(b)
Realized and unrealized gains and losses due to changes in fair value recorded in "other noninterest income" on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
(c)
Recorded in "net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities available-for-sale" in other comprehensive income (loss).
(d)
Realized and unrealized gains and losses due to changes in fair value recorded in "net securities losses" on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

8

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

ASSETS AND LIABILITIES RECORDED AT FAIR VALUE ON A NONRECURRING BASIS
The Corporation may be required, from time to time, to record certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These include assets that are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. The following table presents assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. No liabilities were recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
(in millions)
Total
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
313

 
7

 
306

Commercial mortgage
7

 

 
7

International
15

 

 
15

Total assets at fair value
$
335

 
$
7

 
$
328

December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
8

 
$
8

 
$

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
134

 

 
134

Commercial mortgage
11

 

 
11

International
8

 

 
8

Total loans
153

 

 
153

Other real estate
2

 

 
2

Total assets at fair value excluding investments recorded at net asset value
163

 
8

 
155

Other investments recorded at net asset value:
 
 
 
 
 
Nonmarketable equity securities (a)
1

 
 
 
 
Total assets at fair value
$
164

 


 


(a)
Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in the table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets.
Level 3 assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 included loans for which a specific allowance was established based on the fair value of collateral and other real estate for which fair value of the properties was less than the cost basis. For both asset classes, the unobservable inputs were the additional adjustments applied by management to the appraised values to reflect such factors as non-current appraisals and revisions to estimated time to sell. These adjustments are determined based on qualitative judgments made by management on a case-by-case basis and are not quantifiable inputs, although they are used in the determination of fair value.
The Corporation's Level 3 recurring fair value measurements primarily include auction-rate securities where fair value is determined using an income approach based on a discounted cash flow model and certain interest rate derivative contracts where credit valuation adjustments are significant to the overall fair value of the derivative. The inputs in the table below reflect management's expectation of continued illiquidity in the secondary auction-rate securities market due to a lack of market activity for the issuers remaining in the portfolio, a lack of market incentives for issuer redemptions, and the expectation for a continuing low interest rate environment. The September 30, 2016 workout periods reflect the view that short-term interest rates could rise at a slower pace in 2016 than was expected at December 31, 2015.
 
 
 
Discounted Cash Flow Model
 
 
 
Unobservable Input
 
Fair Value
(in millions)
 
Discount Rate
 
Workout Period (in years)
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
State and municipal securities (a)
$
8

 
4% - 5%
 
1 - 3
Equity and other non-debt securities (a)
46

 
6% - 9%
 
1 - 2
December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
State and municipal securities (a)
$
9

 
3% - 8%
 
1 - 2
Equity and other non-debt securities (a)
67

 
4% - 9%
 
1
(a)
Auction-rate securities.

9

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

ESTIMATED FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS NOT RECORDED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS
The Corporation typically holds the majority of its financial instruments until maturity and thus does not expect to realize many of the estimated fair value amounts disclosed. The disclosures also do not include estimated fair value amounts for items that are not defined as financial instruments, but which have significant value. These include such items as core deposit intangibles, the future earnings potential of significant customer relationships and the value of trust operations and other fee generating businesses. The Corporation believes the imprecision of an estimate could be significant.
The carrying amount and estimated fair value of financial instruments not recorded at fair value in their entirety on a recurring basis on the Corporation’s consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated Fair Value
(in millions)
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
1,292

 
$
1,292

 
$
1,292

 
$

 
$

Interest-bearing deposits with banks
6,748

 
6,748

 
6,748

 

 

Investment securities held-to-maturity
1,695

 
1,713

 

 
1,713

 

Loans held-for-sale
4

 
4

 

 
4

 

Total loans, net of allowance for loan losses (a)
48,547

 
48,483

 

 
7

 
48,476

Customers’ liability on acceptances outstanding
2

 
2

 
2

 

 

Restricted equity investments
207

 
207

 
207

 

 

Nonmarketable equity securities (b)
9

 
17

 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand deposits (noninterest-bearing)
31,776

 
31,776

 

 
31,776

 

Interest-bearing deposits
24,518

 
24,518

 

 
24,518

 

Customer certificates of deposit
2,967

 
2,952

 

 
2,952

 

Total deposits
59,261

 
59,246

 

 
59,246

 

Short-term borrowings
12

 
12

 
12

 

 

Acceptances outstanding
2

 
2

 
2

 

 

Medium- and long-term debt
5,890

 
5,857

 

 
5,857

 

Credit-related financial instruments
(80
)
 
(80
)
 

 

 
(80
)
December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
1,157

 
$
1,157

 
$
1,157

 
$

 
$

Interest-bearing deposits with banks
4,990

 
4,990

 
4,990

 

 

Investment securities held-to-maturity
1,981

 
1,973

 

 
1,973

 

Loans held-for-sale (c)
21

 
21

 

 
21

 

Total loans, net of allowance for loan losses (a)
48,450

 
48,269

 

 

 
48,269

Customers’ liability on acceptances outstanding
5

 
5

 
5

 

 

Restricted equity investments
92

 
92

 
92

 

 

Nonmarketable equity securities (b) (d)
10

 
18

 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demand deposits (noninterest-bearing)
30,839

 
30,839

 

 
30,839

 

Interest-bearing deposits
25,462

 
25,462

 

 
25,462

 

Customer certificates of deposit
3,552

 
3,536

 

 
3,536

 

Total deposits
59,853

 
59,837

 

 
59,837

 

Short-term borrowings
23

 
23

 
23

 

 

Acceptances outstanding
5

 
5

 
5

 

 

Medium- and long-term debt
3,058

 
3,032

 

 
3,032

 

Credit-related financial instruments
(83
)
 
(83
)
 

 

 
(83
)
(a)
Included $335 million and $153 million of impaired loans recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
(b)
Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in the table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets.
(c)
Included $8 million impaired loans held-for-sale recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2015.
(d)
Included $1 million of nonmarketable equity securities recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2015.

10

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

NOTE 3 - INVESTMENT SECURITIES
A summary of the Corporation’s investment securities follows:
(in millions)
Amortized
Cost
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency securities
$
2,771

 
$
55

 
$

 
$
2,826

Residential mortgage-backed securities (a)
7,714

 
121

 
7

 
7,828

State and municipal securities
8

 

 

 
8

Equity and other non-debt securities
128

 
1

 
2

 
127

Total investment securities available-for-sale (b)
$
10,621

 
$
177

 
$
9

 
$
10,789

Investment securities held-to-maturity (c):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a)
$
1,695

 
$
18

 
$

 
$
1,713

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency securities
$
2,769

 
$
1

 
$
7

 
$
2,763

Residential mortgage-backed securities (a)
7,513

 
76

 
44

 
7,545

State and municipal securities
9

 

 

 
9

Corporate debt securities
1

 

 

 
1

Equity and other non-debt securities
199

 
2

 

 
201

Total investment securities available-for-sale (b)
$
10,491

 
$
79

 
$
51

 
$
10,519

Investment securities held-to-maturity (c):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a)
$
1,981

 
$
2

 
$
10

 
$
1,973

(a)
Issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.
(b)
Included auction-rate securities at amortized cost and fair value of $56 million and $54 million, respectively as of September 30, 2016 and $76 million and $77 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2015.
(c)
The amortized cost of investment securities held-to-maturity included net unrealized losses of $13 million at September 30, 2016 and $15 million at December 31, 2015 related to securities transferred from available-for-sale, which are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss.
A summary of the Corporation’s investment securities in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 follows:
 
Temporarily Impaired
 
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or more
 
Total
(in millions)
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a)
$
573

 
$
1

 
 
$
1,244

 
$
15

 
 
$
1,817

 
$
16

 
State and municipal securities (b)

 

 
 
7

 

(c)
 
7

 

(c)
Equity and other non-debt securities (b)
36

 
1

 
 
10

 
1

 
 
46

 
2

 
Total temporarily impaired securities
$
609

 
$
2

 
 
$
1,261


$
16

 
 
$
1,870

 
$
18

 
December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agency securities
$
2,265

 
$
7

 
 
$

 
$

 
 
$
2,265

 
$
7

 
Residential mortgage-backed securities (a)
2,665

 
21

 
 
1,976

 
51

 
 
4,641

 
72

 
State and municipal securities (b)

 

 
 
9

 

(c)
 
9

 

(c)
Corporate debt securities (b)

 

 
 
1

 

(c)
 
1

 

(c)
Equity and other non-debt securities (b)
14

 

(c)
 

 

 
 
14

 

(c)
Total temporarily impaired securities
$
4,944

 
$
28

 
 
$
1,986

 
$
51

 
 
$
6,930

 
$
79

 
(a)
Issued and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.
(b)
Primarily auction-rate securities.
(c)
Unrealized losses less than $0.5 million.
At September 30, 2016, the Corporation had 95 securities in an unrealized loss position with no credit impairment, including 52 residential mortgage-backed securities, 28 auction-rate preferred securities and 15 state and municipal auction-rate

11

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

securities. As of September 30, 2016, approximately 96 percent of the aggregate par value of auction-rate securities have been redeemed or sold since acquisition, of which approximately 90 percent were redeemed at or above cost. The unrealized losses for these securities resulted from changes in market interest rates and liquidity. The Corporation ultimately expects full collection of the carrying amount of these securities, does not intend to sell the securities in an unrealized loss position, and it is not more-likely-than-not that the Corporation will be required to sell the securities in an unrealized loss position prior to recovery of amortized cost. The Corporation does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2016.
Sales, calls and write-downs of investment securities available-for-sale are recorded in “net securities losses” on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, computed based on the adjusted cost of the specific security. The Corporation recognized no gains or losses for both the three-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 and no gains and $3 million and $2 million of losses for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair values of debt securities by contractual maturity. Securities with multiple maturity dates are classified in the period of final maturity. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
(in millions)
Available-for-sale
 
Held-to-maturity
September 30, 2016
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
Contractual maturity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Within one year
$
10

 
$
10

 
$

 
$

After one year through five years
3,000

 
3,056

 

 

After five years through ten years
1,401

 
1,450

 
25

 
25

After ten years
6,082

 
6,146

 
1,670

 
1,688

Subtotal
10,493

 
10,662

 
1,695

 
1,713

Equity and other non-debt securities
128

 
127

 
 
 
 
Total investment securities
$
10,621

 
$
10,789

 
$
1,695

 
$
1,713

Included in the contractual maturity distribution in the table above were residential mortgage-backed securities available-for-sale with total amortized cost and fair value of $7.7 billion and $7.8 billion, respectively, and residential mortgage-backed securities held-to-maturity with a total amortized cost and fair value of $1.7 billion. The actual cash flows of mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturity as the borrowers of the underlying loans may exercise prepayment options.
At September 30, 2016, investment securities with a carrying value of $1.5 billion were pledged where permitted or required by law to secure $990 million of liabilities, primarily public and other deposits of state and local government agencies and derivative instruments.

12

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

NOTE 4 – CREDIT QUALITY AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The following table presents an aging analysis of the recorded balance of loans.
 
Loans Past Due and Still Accruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
30-59
Days
 
60-89 
Days
 
90 Days
or More
 
Total
 
Nonaccrual
Loans
 
Current
Loans
 
Total 
Loans
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
68

 
$
17

 
$
21

 
$
106

 
$
508

 
$
30,538

 
$
31,152

Real estate construction:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (a)
12

 

 

 
12

 

 
2,370

 
2,382

Other business lines (b)
11

 

 

 
11

 

 
350

 
361

Total real estate construction
23

 

 

 
23

 

 
2,720

 
2,743

Commercial mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (a)
5

 
1

 

 
6

 
8

 
2,171

 
2,185

Other business lines (b)
15

 
8

 
6

 
29

 
36

 
6,763

 
6,828

Total commercial mortgage
20

 
9

 
6

 
35

 
44

 
8,934

 
9,013

Lease financing

 

 

 

 
6

 
642

 
648

International
1

 

 

 
1

 
19

 
1,283

 
1,303

Total business loans
112

 
26

 
27

 
165

 
577

 
44,117

 
44,859

Retail loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
13

 
1

 
9

 
23

 
23

 
1,828

 
1,874

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
6

 
2

 

 
8

 
27

 
1,757

 
1,792

Other consumer
1

 

 
12

 
13

 
4

 
732

 
749

Total consumer
7

 
2

 
12

 
21

 
31

 
2,489

 
2,541

Total retail loans
20

 
3

 
21

 
44

 
54

 
4,317

 
4,415

Total loans
$
132

 
$
29

 
$
48

 
$
209

 
$
631

 
$
48,434

 
$
49,274

December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
46

 
$
12

 
$
13

 
$
71

 
$
238

 
$
31,350

 
$
31,659

Real estate construction:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (a)
5

 

 

 
5

 

 
1,676

 
1,681

Other business lines (b)
3

 

 

 
3

 
1

 
316

 
320

Total real estate construction
8

 

 

 
8

 
1

 
1,992

 
2,001

Commercial mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (a)
7

 

 
1

 
8

 
16

 
2,080

 
2,104

Other business lines (b)
7

 
5

 
3

 
15

 
44

 
6,814

 
6,873

Total commercial mortgage
14

 
5

 
4

 
23

 
60

 
8,894

 
8,977

Lease financing

 

 

 

 
6

 
718

 
724

International
2

 

 

 
2

 
8

 
1,358

 
1,368

Total business loans
70

 
17

 
17

 
104

 
313

 
44,312

 
44,729

Retail loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
26

 
1

 

 
27

 
27

 
1,816

 
1,870

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
5

 
3

 

 
8

 
27

 
1,685

 
1,720

Other consumer
7

 

 

 
7

 

 
758

 
765

Total consumer
12

 
3

 

 
15

 
27

 
2,443

 
2,485

Total retail loans
38

 
4

 

 
42

 
54

 
4,259

 
4,355

Total loans
$
108

 
$
21

 
$
17

 
$
146

 
$
367

 
$
48,571

 
$
49,084

(a)
Primarily loans to real estate developers.
(b)
Primarily loans secured by owner-occupied real estate.


13

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

The following table presents loans by credit quality indicator, based on internal risk ratings assigned to each business loan at the time of approval and subjected to subsequent reviews, generally at least annually, and to pools of retail loans with similar risk characteristics.
 
Internally Assigned Rating
 
 
(in millions)
Pass (a)
 
Special
Mention (b)
 
Substandard (c)
 
Nonaccrual (d)
 
Total
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
28,406

 
$
965

 
$
1,273

 
$
508

 
$
31,152

Real estate construction:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (e)
2,382

 

 

 

 
2,382

Other business lines (f)
358

 
3

 

 

 
361

Total real estate construction
2,740

 
3

 

 

 
2,743

Commercial mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (e)
2,141

 
16

 
20

 
8

 
2,185

Other business lines (f)
6,529

 
136

 
127

 
36

 
6,828

Total commercial mortgage
8,670

 
152

 
147

 
44

 
9,013

Lease financing
625

 
11

 
6

 
6

 
648

International
1,230

 
20

 
34

 
19

 
1,303

Total business loans
41,671

 
1,151

 
1,460

 
577

 
44,859

Retail loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
1,838

 
3

 
10

 
23

 
1,874

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
1,760

 
2

 
3

 
27

 
1,792

Other consumer
744

 
1

 

 
4

 
749

Total consumer
2,504

 
3

 
3

 
31

 
2,541

Total retail loans
4,342

 
6

 
13

 
54

 
4,415

Total loans
$
46,013

 
$
1,157

 
$
1,473

 
$
631

 
$
49,274

December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
29,117

 
$
1,293

 
$
1,011

 
$
238

 
$
31,659

Real estate construction:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (e)
1,681

 

 

 

 
1,681

Other business lines (f)
318

 
1

 

 
1

 
320

Total real estate construction
1,999

 
1

 

 
1

 
2,001

Commercial mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (e)
2,031

 
31

 
26

 
16

 
2,104

Other business lines (f)
6,536

 
172

 
121

 
44

 
6,873

Total commercial mortgage
8,567

 
203

 
147

 
60

 
8,977

Lease financing
693

 
17

 
8

 
6

 
724

International
1,245

 
59

 
56

 
8

 
1,368

Total business loans
41,621

 
1,573

 
1,222

 
313

 
44,729

Retail loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
1,828

 
2

 
13

 
27

 
1,870

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
1,687

 
1

 
5

 
27

 
1,720

Other consumer
755

 
3

 
7

 

 
765

Total consumer
2,442

 
4

 
12

 
27

 
2,485

Total retail loans
4,270

 
6

 
25

 
54

 
4,355

Total loans
$
45,891

 
$
1,579

 
$
1,247

 
$
367

 
$
49,084

(a)
Includes all loans not included in the categories of special mention, substandard or nonaccrual.
(b)
Special mention loans are accruing loans that have potential credit weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention, such as loans to borrowers who may be experiencing financial difficulties that may result in deterioration of repayment prospects from the borrower at some future date.
(c)
Substandard loans are accruing loans that have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, such as loans to borrowers who may be experiencing losses from operations or inadequate liquidity of a degree and duration that jeopardizes the orderly repayment of the loan. Substandard loans also are distinguished by the distinct possibility of loss in the future if these weaknesses are not corrected. This category is generally consistent with the "substandard" category as defined by regulatory authorities.
(d)
Nonaccrual loans are loans for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued. For further information regarding nonaccrual loans, refer to the Nonperforming Assets subheading in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Accounting Policies - on page F-58 in the Corporation's 2015 Annual Report. A significant majority of nonaccrual loans are generally consistent with the "substandard" category and the remainder are generally consistent with the "doubtful" category as defined by regulatory authorities.
(e)
Primarily loans to real estate developers.
(f)
Primarily loans secured by owner-occupied real estate.

14

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

The following table summarizes nonperforming assets.
(in millions)
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Nonaccrual loans
$
631

 
$
367

Reduced-rate loans (a)
8

 
12

Total nonperforming loans
639

 
379

Foreclosed property (b)
21

 
12

Total nonperforming assets
$
660

 
$
391

(a)
There were no reduced-rate business loans at both September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Reduced-rate retail loans were $8 million and $12 million at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
(b)
Included $5 million and $9 million of foreclosed residential real estate properties at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
There were no retail loans secured by residential real estate properties in process of foreclosure included in nonaccrual loans at September 30, 2016 compared to $1 million at December 31, 2015.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The following table details the changes in the allowance for loan losses and related loan amounts.
 
2016
 
2015
(in millions)
Business Loans
 
Retail Loans
 
Total
 
Business Loans
 
Retail Loans
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
682

 
$
47

 
$
729

 
$
563

 
$
55

 
$
618

Loan charge-offs
(34
)
 
(1
)
 
(35
)
 
(31
)
 
(3
)
 
(34
)
Recoveries on loans previously charged-off
18

 
1

 
19

 
10

 
1

 
11

Net loan charge-offs
(16
)
 

 
(16
)
 
(21
)
 
(2
)
 
(23
)
Provision for loan losses
12

 
2

 
14

 
25

 
3

 
28

Foreign currency translation adjustment

 

 

 
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Balance at end of period
$
678

 
$
49

 
$
727

 
$
566

 
$
56

 
$
622

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
579

 
$
55

 
$
634

 
$
534

 
$
60

 
$
594

Loan charge-offs
(161
)
 
(5
)
 
(166
)
 
(83
)
 
(9
)
 
(92
)
Recoveries on loans previously charged-off
53

 
3

 
56

 
38

 
5

 
43

Net loan charge-offs
(108
)
 
(2
)
 
(110
)
 
(45
)
 
(4
)
 
(49
)
Provision for loan losses
206

 
(4
)
 
202

 
79

 

 
79

Foreign currency translation adjustment
1

 

 
1

 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Balance at end of period
$
678

 
$
49

 
$
727

 
$
566

 
$
56

 
$
622

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As a percentage of total loans
1.51
%
 
1.10
%
 
1.48
%
 
1.27
%
 
1.29
%
 
1.27
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
115

 
$
1

 
$
116

 
$
47

 
$

 
$
47

Collectively evaluated for impairment
563

 
48

 
611

 
519

 
56

 
575

Total allowance for loan losses
$
678

 
$
49

 
$
727

 
$
566

 
$
56

 
$
622

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
677

 
$
29

 
$
706

 
$
338

 
$
51

 
$
389

Collectively evaluated for impairment
44,182

 
4,386

 
48,568

 
44,233

 
4,318

 
48,551

Purchased credit impaired (PCI) loans (a)

 

 

 

 
2

 
2

Total loans evaluated for impairment
$
44,859

 
$
4,415

 
$
49,274

 
$
44,571

 
$
4,371

 
$
48,942

(a)
No allowance for loan losses was required for PCI loans at September 30, 2015.

15

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Changes in the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments, included in "accrued expenses and other liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheets, are summarized in the following table.
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Balance at beginning of period
$
43

 
$
50

 
$
45

 
$
41

Charge-offs on lending related commitments (a)

 

 
(11
)
 
(1
)
Provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments
2

 
(2
)
 
11

 
8

Balance at end of period
$
45

 
$
48

 
$
45

 
$
48

(a)    Charge-offs result from the sale of unfunded lending-related commitments.
Individually Evaluated Impaired Loans
The following table presents additional information regarding individually evaluated impaired loans.
 
Recorded Investment In:
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Impaired
Loans with
No Related
Allowance
 
Impaired
Loans with
Related
Allowance
 
Total
Impaired
Loans
 
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
for Loan
Losses
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
141

 
$
482

 
$
623

 
$
704

 
$
106

Commercial mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (a)

 
6

 
6

 
15

 
1

Other business lines (b)
4

 
25

 
29

 
43

 
3

Total commercial mortgage
4

 
31

 
35

 
58

 
4

International
3

 
16

 
19

 
26

 
5

Total business loans
148

 
529

 
677

 
788

 
115

Retail loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
12

 

 
12

 
13

 

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
12

 

 
12

 
16

 

Other consumer
2

 
3

 
5

 
6

 
1

Total consumer
14

 
3

 
17

 
22

 
1

Total retail loans (c)
26

 
3

 
29

 
35

 
1

Total individually evaluated impaired loans
$
174

 
$
532

 
$
706

 
$
823

 
$
116

December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
82

 
$
252

 
$
334

 
$
398

 
$
45

Commercial mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (a)
7

 
8

 
15

 
38

 
1

Other business lines (b)
2

 
32

 
34

 
55

 
5

Total commercial mortgage
9

 
40

 
49

 
93

 
6

International

 
10

 
10

 
17

 
2

Total business loans
91

 
302

 
393

 
508

 
53

Retail loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
13

 

 
13

 
13

 

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
12

 

 
12

 
16

 

Other consumer
6

 

 
6

 
10

 

Total consumer
18

 

 
18

 
26

 

Total retail loans (c)
31

 

 
31

 
39

 

Total individually evaluated impaired loans
$
122

 
$
302

 
$
424

 
$
547

 
$
53

(a)
Primarily loans to real estate developers.
(b)
Primarily loans secured by owner-occupied real estate.
(c)
Individually evaluated retail loans generally have no related allowance for loan losses, primarily due to policy which results in direct write-downs of most restructured retail loans.

16

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

The following table presents information regarding average individually evaluated impaired loans and the related interest recognized. Interest income recognized for the period primarily related to performing restructured loans.
 
Individually Evaluated Impaired Loans
 
2016
 
2015
(in millions)
Average Balance for the Period
 
Interest Income Recognized for the Period
 
Average Balance for the Period
 
Interest Income Recognized for the Period
Three Months Ended September 30
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
606

 
$
2

 
$
236

 
$
1

Commercial mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (a)
7

 

 
15

 

Other business lines (b)
30

 

 
37

 
1

Total commercial mortgage
37

 

 
52

 
1

International
19

 

 
10

 

Total business loans
662

 
2

 
298

 
2

Retail loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
11

 

 
23

 

Consumer loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
12

 

 
12

 

Other consumer
4

 

 
7

 

Total consumer
16

 

 
19

 

Total retail loans
27

 

 
42

 

Total individually evaluated impaired loans
$
689

 
$
2

 
$
340

 
$
2

Nine Months Ended September 30
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
559

 
$
8

 
$
172

 
$
3

Commercial mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (a)
9

 

 
17

 

Other business lines (b)
31

 

 
41

 
1

Total commercial mortgage
40

 

 
58

 
1

International
19

 

 
5

 

Total business loans
618

 
8

 
235

 
4

Retail loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
12

 

 
23

 

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
12

 

 
12

 

Other consumer
4

 

 
6

 

Total consumer
16

 

 
18

 

Total retail loans
28

 

 
41

 

Total individually evaluated impaired loans
$
646

 
$
8

 
$
276

 
$
4

(a)
Primarily loans to real estate developers.
(b)
Primarily loans secured by owner-occupied real estate.

17

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Troubled Debt Restructurings
The following tables detail the recorded balance at September 30, 2016 and 2015 of loans considered to be troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) that were restructured during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, by type of modification. In cases of loans with more than one type of modification, the loans were categorized based on the most significant modification.
 
2016
 
2015
 
Type of Modification
 
 
Type of Modification
 
(in millions)
Principal Deferrals (a)
Interest Rate Reductions
AB Note Restructures (b)
Total Modifications
 
Principal Deferrals (a)
Interest Rate Reductions
Total Modifications
Three Months Ended September 30
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
70

 
$

 
$
40

$
110

 
$
100

 
$

 
$
100

Commercial mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (c)

 

 


 
7

 

 
7

Other business lines (d)

 

 


 
3

 

 
3

Total commercial mortgage

 

 


 
10

 

 
10

International

 

 


 
2

 

 
2

Total business loans
70

 

 
40

110

 
112

 

 
112

Retail loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage

 

 


 
18



 
18

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity



 


 
1

 
1

 
2

Total retail loans

 

 


 
19

 
1

 
20

Total loans
$
70

 
$

 
$
40

$
110

 
$
131

 
$
1

 
$
132

Nine Months Ended September 30
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
150

 
$

 
$
49

$
199

 
$
102

 
$

 
$
102

Commercial mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (c)

 

 


 
9

 

 
9

Other business lines (d)
2

 

 

2

 
7

 

 
7

Total commercial mortgage
2

 

 

2

 
16

 

 
16

International

 

 
3

3

 
2

 

 
2

Total business loans
152

 

 
52

204

 
120

 

 
120

Retail loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage

 

 


 
18

 

 
18

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
1

 
1

 

2

 
1

 
1

 
2

Total retail loans
1

 
1

 

2


19

 
1

 
20

Total loans
$
153

 
$
1

 
$
52

$
206

 
$
139

 
$
1

 
$
140

(a)
Primarily represents loan balances where terms were extended 90 days or more at or above contractual interest rates.
(b)
Loan restructurings whereby the original loan is restructured into two notes: an "A" note, which generally reflects the portion of the modified loan which is expected to be collected; and a "B" note, which is generally fully charged off.
(c)
Primarily loans to real estate developers.
(d)
Primarily loans secured by owner-occupied real estate.
Commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose terms have been modified in TDRs were $37 million at September 30, 2016 and $6 million at December 31, 2015.
The majority of the modifications considered to be TDRs that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were principal deferrals. The Corporation charges interest on principal balances outstanding during deferral periods. Additionally, none of the modifications involved forgiveness of principal. As a result, the current and future financial effects of the recorded balance of loans considered to be TDRs that were restructured during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were insignificant.
On an ongoing basis, the Corporation monitors the performance of modified loans to their restructured terms. In the event of a subsequent default, the allowance for loan losses continues to be reassessed on the basis of an individual evaluation of the loan.

18

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

The following table presents information regarding the recorded balance at September 30, 2016 and 2015 of loans modified by principal deferral during the twelve-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and those principal deferrals which experienced a subsequent default during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. For principal deferrals, incremental deterioration in the credit quality of the loan, represented by a downgrade in the risk rating of the loan, for example, due to missed interest payments or a reduction of collateral value, is considered a subsequent default.
 
2016
 
2015
(in millions)
Balance at September 30
Subsequent Default in the Three Months Ended September 30
Subsequent Default in the Nine Months Ended September 30
 
Balance at September 30
Subsequent Default in the Three Months Ended September 30
Subsequent Default in the Nine Months Ended September 30
Principal deferrals:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
229

 
$

$
13

 
$
108

 
$
1

$
3

Commercial mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (a)

 


 
9

 


Other business lines (b)
4

 

1

 
7

 

1

Total commercial mortgage
4

 

1

 
16

 

1

International

 


 
2

 


Total business loans
233

 

14

 
126

 
1

4

Retail loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage

 


 
18

(c)


Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
1

(c)


 
1

(c)


Total retail loans
1

 


 
19

 


Total principal deferrals
$
234

 
$

$
14

 
$
145

 
$
1

$
4

(a)
Primarily loans to real estate developers.
(b)
Primarily loans secured by owner-occupied real estate.
(c)
Includes bankruptcy loans for which the court has discharged the borrower's obligation and the borrower has not reaffirmed the debt.
During the twelve-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, loans with a carrying value of $4 million and $2 million, respectively, were modified by interest rate reduction. During the twelve-month period ended September 30, 2016, loans with a carrying value of $52 million were restructured into two notes (AB note restructures). For reduced-rate loans and AB Note restructures, a subsequent payment default is defined in terms of delinquency, when a principal or interest payment is 90 days past due. There were no subsequent payment defaults of reduced-rate loans or AB note restructures during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.
NOTE 5 - DERIVATIVE AND CREDIT-RELATED FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In the normal course of business, the Corporation enters into various transactions involving derivative and credit-related financial instruments to manage exposure to fluctuations in interest rate, foreign currency and other market risks and to meet the financing needs of customers (customer-initiated derivatives). These financial instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of market and credit risk. Market and credit risk are included in the determination of fair value.
Market risk is the potential loss that may result from movements in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates or energy commodity prices that cause an unfavorable change in the value of a financial instrument. The Corporation manages this risk by establishing monetary exposure limits and monitoring compliance with those limits. Market risk inherent in interest rate and energy contracts entered into on behalf of customers is mitigated by taking offsetting positions, except in those circumstances when the amount, tenor and/or contract rate level results in negligible economic risk, whereby the cost of purchasing an offsetting contract is not economically justifiable. The Corporation mitigates most of the inherent market risk in foreign exchange contracts entered into on behalf of customers by taking offsetting positions and manages the remainder through individual foreign currency position limits and aggregate value-at-risk limits. These limits are established annually and reviewed quarterly. Market risk inherent in derivative instruments held or issued for risk management purposes is typically offset by changes in the fair value of the assets or liabilities being hedged.
Credit risk is the possible loss that may occur in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to a financial instrument. The Corporation attempts to minimize credit risk arising from customer-initiated derivatives by evaluating the creditworthiness of each customer, adhering to the same credit approval process used for traditional lending activities and obtaining collateral as deemed necessary. Derivatives with dealer counterparties are either cleared through a clearinghouse or settled directly with a single

19

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

counterparty. For derivatives settled directly with dealer counterparties, the Corporation utilizes counterparty risk limits and monitoring procedures as well as master netting arrangements and bilateral collateral agreements to facilitate the management of credit risk. Master netting arrangements effectively reduce credit risk by permitting settlement of positive and negative positions and offset cash collateral held with the same counterparty on a net basis. Bilateral collateral agreements require daily exchange of cash or highly rated securities issued by the U.S. Treasury or other U.S. government entities to collateralize amounts due to either party beyond certain risk limits. At September 30, 2016, counterparties with bilateral collateral agreements had pledged $34 million of marketable investment securities and deposited $147 million of cash with the Corporation to secure the fair value of contracts in an unrealized gain position, and the Corporation had pledged $44 million of marketable investment securities and posted $10 million of cash as collateral for contracts in an unrealized loss position. For those counterparties not covered under bilateral collateral agreements, collateral is obtained, if deemed necessary, based on the results of management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral varies, but may include cash, investment securities, accounts receivable, equipment or real estate. Included in the fair value of derivative instruments are credit valuation adjustments reflecting counterparty credit risk. These adjustments are determined by applying a credit spread for the counterparty or the Corporation, as appropriate, to the total expected exposure of the derivative. There were no derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a liability position at September 30, 2016.
Derivative Instruments
Derivative instruments utilized by the Corporation are negotiated over-the-counter and primarily include swaps, caps and floors, forward contracts and options, each of which may relate to interest rates, energy commodity prices or foreign currency exchange rates. Swaps are agreements in which two parties periodically exchange cash payments based on specified indices applied to a specified notional amount until a stated maturity. Caps and floors are agreements which entitle the buyer to receive cash payments based on the difference between a specified reference rate or price and an agreed strike rate or price, applied to a specified notional amount until a stated maturity. Forward contracts are over-the-counter agreements to buy or sell an asset at a specified future date and price. Options are similar to forward contracts except the purchaser has the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the asset during a specified period or at a specified future date.
Over-the-counter contracts are tailored to meet the needs of the counterparties involved and, therefore, contain a greater degree of credit risk and liquidity risk than exchange-traded contracts, which have standardized terms and readily available price information. The Corporation reduces exposure to market and liquidity risks from over-the-counter derivative instruments entered into for risk management purposes, and transactions entered into to mitigate the market risk associated with customer-initiated transactions, by conducting hedging transactions with investment grade domestic and foreign financial institutions and subjecting counterparties to credit approvals, limits and collateral monitoring procedures similar to those used in making other extensions of credit. In addition, certain derivative contracts executed bilaterally with a dealer counterparty in the over-the-counter market are cleared through a clearinghouse, whereby the clearinghouse becomes the counterparty to the transaction.


20

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

The following table presents the composition of the Corporation’s derivative instruments held or issued for risk management purposes or in connection with customer-initiated and other activities at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The table excludes commitments and warrants accounted for as derivatives.
 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
 
 
Fair Value
 
 
 
Fair Value
(in millions)
Notional/
Contract
Amount (a)
 
Gross Derivative Assets
 
Gross Derivative Liabilities
 
Notional/
Contract
Amount (a)
 
Gross Derivative Assets
 
Gross Derivative Liabilities
Risk management purposes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Swaps - fair value - receive fixed/pay floating
$
2,525

 
$
172

 
$

 
$
2,525

 
$
147

 
$

Derivatives used as economic hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spot, forwards and swaps
720

 

 
1

 
593

 
3

 

Total risk management purposes
3,245

 
172

 
1

 
3,118

 
150

 

Customer-initiated and other activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Caps and floors written
386

 

 

 
253

 

 

Caps and floors purchased
386

 

 

 
253

 

 

Swaps
12,481

 
217

 
170

 
11,722

 
139

 
92

Total interest rate contracts
13,253

 
217

 
170

 
12,228

 
139

 
92

Energy contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Caps and floors written
471

 
1

 
41

 
536

 

 
85

Caps and floors purchased
471

 
41

 

 
536

 
85

 

Swaps
1,236

 
150

 
149

 
2,055

 
390

 
387

Total energy contracts
2,178

 
192

 
190

 
3,127

 
475

 
472

Foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spot, forwards, options and swaps
1,760

 
39

 
29

 
2,291

 
54

 
46

Total customer-initiated and other activities
17,191

 
448

 
389

 
17,646

 
668

 
610

Total gross derivatives
$
20,436

 
620

 
390

 
$
20,764

 
818

 
610

Amounts offset in the consolidated balance sheets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Netting adjustment - Offsetting derivative assets/liabilities
 
 
(108
)
 
(108
)
 
 
 
(127
)
 
(127
)
Netting adjustment - Cash collateral received/posted
 
 
(85
)
 
(8
)
 
 
 
(291
)
 
(3
)
Net derivatives included in the consolidated balance sheets (b)

 
427

 
274

 



400

 
480

Amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Marketable securities pledged under bilateral collateral agreements
 
 
(32
)
 
(41
)
 
 
 
(137
)
 
(3
)
Net derivatives after deducting amounts not offset in the consolidated balance sheets


 
$
395

 
$
233

 


 
$
263

 
$
477

(a)
Notional or contractual amounts, which represent the extent of involvement in the derivatives market, are used to determine the contractual cash flows required in accordance with the terms of the agreement. These amounts are typically not exchanged, significantly exceed amounts subject to credit or market risk and are not reflected in the consolidated balance sheets.
(b)
Net derivative assets are included in “accrued income and other assets” and net derivative liabilities are included in “accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets. Included in the fair value of net derivative assets and net derivative liabilities are credit valuation adjustments reflecting counterparty credit risk and credit risk of the Corporation. The fair value of net derivative assets included credit valuation adjustments for counterparty credit risk of $11 million and $5 million at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.


21

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Risk Management
As an end-user, the Corporation employs a variety of financial instruments for risk management purposes, including cash instruments, such as investment securities, as well as derivative instruments. Activity related to these instruments is centered predominantly in the interest rate markets and mainly involves interest rate swaps. Various other types of instruments also may be used to manage exposures to market risks, including interest rate caps and floors, total return swaps, foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign exchange swap agreements.
The Corporation has entered into interest rate swap agreements for interest rate risk management purposes. These interest rate swap agreements effectively modify the Corporation’s exposure to interest rate risk by converting fixed-rate debt to a floating rate. These agreements involve the receipt of fixed-rate interest amounts in exchange for floating-rate interest payments over the life of the agreement, without an exchange of the underlying principal amount. Risk management fair value interest rate swaps generated net interest income of $15 million and $18 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $48 million and $52 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Corporation recognized $1 million and $3 million of net gains for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $4 million and $2 million of net gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, for the ineffective portion of risk management derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges of fixed-rate debt, included in "other noninterest income" in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Foreign exchange rate risk arises from changes in the value of certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. The Corporation employs spot and forward contracts in addition to swap contracts to manage exposure to these and other risks. There were no significant net gains or losses on risk management derivative instruments used as economic hedges in any period presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Net gains or losses on these instruments are included in "other noninterest income".
The following table summarizes the expected weighted average remaining maturity of the notional amount of risk management interest rate swaps and the weighted average interest rates associated with amounts expected to be received or paid on interest rate swap agreements as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
 
 
 
Weighted Average
(dollar amounts in millions)
Notional
Amount
 
Remaining
Maturity
(in years)
 
Receive Rate
 
Pay Rate (a)
September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Swaps - fair value - receive fixed/pay floating rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Medium- and long-term debt designation
$
2,525

 
4.3
 
3.89
%
 
1.59
%
December 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Swaps - fair value - receive fixed/pay floating rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Medium- and long-term debt designation
2,525

 
5.1
 
3.89

 
1.11

(a)
Variable rates paid on receive fixed swaps are based on six-month LIBOR rates in effect at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
Management believes these hedging strategies achieve the desired relationship between the rate maturities of assets and funding sources which, in turn, reduce the overall exposure of net interest income to interest rate risk, although there can be no assurance that such strategies will be successful.
Customer-Initiated and Other
The Corporation enters into derivative transactions at the request of customers and generally takes offsetting positions with dealer counterparties to mitigate the inherent market risk. Income primarily results from the spread between the customer derivative and the offsetting dealer position.
For customer-initiated foreign exchange contracts where offsetting positions have not been taken, the Corporation manages the remaining inherent market risk through individual foreign currency position limits and aggregate value-at-risk limits. These limits are established annually and reviewed quarterly. For those customer-initiated derivative contracts which were not offset or where the Corporation holds a position within the limits described above, the Corporation recognized an insignificant amount of net gains in “other noninterest income” in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for both the three-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and $1 million of net gains for both the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.


22

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Fair values of customer-initiated and other derivative instruments represent the net unrealized gains or losses on such contracts and are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The net gains recognized in income on customer-initiated derivative instruments, net of the impact of offsetting positions, were as follows.
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
 
Location of Gain
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Interest rate contracts
 
Other noninterest income
$
6

 
$
4

 
$
14

 
$
11

Energy contracts
 
Other noninterest income

 
1

 
1

 
2

Foreign exchange contracts
 
Foreign exchange income
11

 
9

 
30

 
27

Total
 
 
$
17

 
$
14

 
$
45

 
$
40

Credit-Related Financial Instruments
The Corporation issues off-balance sheet financial instruments in connection with commercial and consumer lending activities. The Corporation’s credit risk associated with these instruments is represented by the contractual amounts indicated in the following table.
(in millions)
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Unused commitments to extend credit:
 
 
 
Commercial and other
$
24,115

 
$
26,115

Bankcard, revolving check credit and home equity loan commitments
2,638

 
2,414

Total unused commitments to extend credit
$
26,753

 
$
28,529

Standby letters of credit
$
3,757

 
$
3,985

Commercial letters of credit
33

 
41

The Corporation maintains an allowance to cover probable credit losses inherent in lending-related commitments, including unused commitments to extend credit, letters of credit and financial guarantees. The allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments, included in “accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets, was $45 million at both September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
Unused Commitments to Extend Credit
Commitments to extend credit are legally binding agreements to lend to a customer, provided there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. These commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many commitments expire without being drawn upon, the total contractual amount of commitments does not necessarily represent future cash requirements of the Corporation. Commercial and other unused commitments are primarily variable rate commitments. The allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments included $30 million and $33 million at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, for probable credit losses inherent in the Corporation’s unused commitments to extend credit.
Standby and Commercial Letters of Credit
Standby letters of credit represent conditional obligations of the Corporation which guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Standby letters of credit are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing and similar transactions. Commercial letters of credit are issued to finance foreign or domestic trade transactions. These contracts expire in decreasing amounts through the year 2023. The Corporation may enter into participation arrangements with third parties that effectively reduce the maximum amount of future payments which may be required under standby and commercial letters of credit. These risk participations covered $282 million and $287 million, respectively, of the $3.8 billion and $4.0 billion standby and commercial letters of credit outstanding at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.
The carrying value of the Corporation’s standby and commercial letters of credit, included in “accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets, totaled $50 million at September 30, 2016, including $35 million in deferred fees and $15 million in the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments. At December 31, 2015, the comparable amounts were $49 million, $37 million and $12 million, respectively.


23

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

The following table presents a summary of criticized standby and commercial letters of credit at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The Corporation's criticized list is generally consistent with the Special mention, Substandard and Doubtful categories defined by regulatory authorities. The Corporation manages credit risk through underwriting, periodically reviewing and approving its credit exposures using Board committee approved credit policies and guidelines.
(dollar amounts in millions)
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Total criticized standby and commercial letters of credit
$
136

 
$
110

As a percentage of total outstanding standby and commercial letters of credit
3.6
%
 
2.7
%
Other Credit-Related Financial Instruments
The Corporation enters into credit risk participation agreements, under which the Corporation assumes credit exposure associated with a borrower’s performance related to certain interest rate derivative contracts. The Corporation is not a party to the interest rate derivative contracts and only enters into these credit risk participation agreements in instances in which the Corporation is also a party to the related loan participation agreement for such borrowers. The Corporation manages its credit risk on the credit risk participation agreements by monitoring the creditworthiness of the borrowers, which is based on the normal credit review process had it entered into the derivative instruments directly with the borrower. The notional amount of such credit risk participation agreement reflects the pro-rata share of the derivative instrument, consistent with its share of the related participated loan. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the total notional amount of the credit risk participation agreements was approximately $514 million and $559 million, respectively, and the fair value, included in customer-initiated interest rate contracts recorded in "accrued expenses and other liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheets, was insignificant at both September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The maximum estimated exposure to these agreements, as measured by projecting a maximum value of the guaranteed derivative instruments, assuming 100 percent default by all obligors on the maximum values, was approximately $9 million and $5 million at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. In the event of default, the lead bank has the ability to liquidate the assets of the borrower, in which case the lead bank would be required to return a percentage of the recouped assets to the participating banks. As of September 30, 2016, the weighted average remaining maturity of outstanding credit risk participation agreements was 2.4 years.
NOTE 6 - VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES (VIEs)
The Corporation evaluates its interest in certain entities to determine if these entities meet the definition of a VIE and whether the Corporation is the primary beneficiary and should consolidate the entity based on the variable interests it held both at inception and when there is a change in circumstances that requires a reconsideration.
The Corporation holds ownership interests in funds in the form of limited partnerships or limited liability companies (LLCs) investing in affordable housing projects that qualify for the low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC). The Corporation also directly invests in limited partnerships and LLCs which invest in community development projects which generate similar tax credits to investors. As an investor, the Corporation obtains income tax credits and deductions from the operating losses of these tax credit entities. These tax credit entities meet the definition of a VIE; however, the Corporation is not the primary beneficiary of the entities, as it does not have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entities and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could be significant to the entities. While the partnership/LLC agreements allow the limited partners/investor members, through a majority vote, to remove the general partner/managing member, this right is not deemed to be substantive.
The Corporation accounts for its interests in LIHTC entities using the proportional amortization method. Exposure to loss as a result of the Corporation’s involvement with LIHTC entities at September 30, 2016 was limited to approximately $406 million. Ownership interests in other community development projects which generate similar tax credits to investors (other tax credit entities) are accounted for under either the cost or equity method. Exposure to loss as a result of the Corporation's involvement in other tax credit entities at September 30, 2016 was limited to approximately $8 million.
Investment balances, including all legally binding commitments to fund future investments, are included in “accrued income and other assets” on the consolidated balance sheets. A liability is recognized in “accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets for all legally binding unfunded commitments to fund tax credit entities ($150 million at September 30, 2016). Amortization and other write-downs of LIHTC investments are presented on a net basis as a component of the "provision for income taxes" on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, while amortization and write-downs of other tax credit investments are recorded in “other noninterest income." The income tax credits and deductions are recorded as a reduction of income tax expense and a reduction of federal income taxes payable.
The Corporation provided no financial or other support that was not contractually required to any of the above VIEs during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.


24

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

The following table summarizes the impact of these tax credit entities on line items on the Corporation’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Other noninterest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of other tax credit investments
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$
1

Provision for income taxes:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of LIHTC investments
17

 
15

 
49

 
45

Low income housing tax credits
(16
)
 
(15
)
 
(47
)
 
(45
)
Other tax benefits related to tax credit entities
(7
)
 
(5
)
 
(19
)
 
(15
)
Total provision for income taxes
$
(6
)
 
$
(5
)
 
(17
)
 
(15
)
For further information on the Corporation’s consolidation policy, see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements in the Corporation's 2015 Annual Report.
NOTE 7 - MEDIUM- AND LONG-TERM DEBT
Medium- and long-term debt is summarized as follows:
(in millions)
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Parent company
 
 
 
Subordinated notes:
 
 
 
3.80% subordinated notes due 2026 (a)
274

 
259

Medium-term notes:
 
 
 
2.125% notes due 2019 (a)
352

 
349

Total parent company
626

 
608

Subsidiaries
 
 
 
Subordinated notes:
 
 
 
5.75% subordinated notes due 2016 (a) (b)
651

 
659

5.20% subordinated notes due 2017 (a)
516

 
530

4.00% subordinated notes due 2025 (a)
370

 
351

7.875% subordinated notes due 2026 (a)
230

 
223

Total subordinated notes
1,767

 
1,763

Medium-term notes:
 
 
 
2.50% notes due 2020 (a)
681

 
671

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances:
 
 
 
Floating-rate based on FHLB auction rate due 2026
2,800

 

Other notes:
 
 
 
6.0% - 6.4% fixed-rate notes due 2020
16

 
16

Total subsidiaries
5,264

 
2,450

Total medium- and long-term debt
$
5,890

 
$
3,058

(a)
The fixed interest rates on these notes have been swapped to a variable rate and designated in a hedging relationship. Accordingly, carrying value has been adjusted to reflect the change in the fair value of the debt as a result of changes in the benchmark rate.
(b)
The fixed interest rate on $250 million of $650 million total par value of these notes have been swapped to a variable rate. The remaining amount is not swapped.
Subordinated notes with remaining maturities greater than one year qualify as Tier 2 capital.
Comerica Bank (the Bank), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation, is a member of the FHLB, which provides short- and long-term funding to its members through advances collateralized by real estate-related assets. Actual borrowing capacity is contingent on the amount of collateral available to be pledged to the FHLB. At September 30, 2016, $15.3 billion of real estate-related loans were pledged to the FHLB as blanket collateral for potential future borrowings of approximately $3.8 billion.
In the second quarter 2016, the Bank borrowed $2.8 billion of 10-year, floating-rate FHLB advances due 2026. The interest rate on each of eight notes resets every four weeks, based on the FHLB auction rate, with the reset date of each note scheduled at one-week intervals. At September 30, 2016 the weighted-average rate on these advances was 0.4045%. Each note may be prepaid in full, without penalty, at each scheduled reset date. Proceeds were used for general corporate purposes.

25

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Unamortized debt issuance costs deducted from the carrying amount of medium- and long-term debt totaled $7 million at September 30, 2016 and $8 million at December 31, 2015.
NOTE 8 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The following table presents a reconciliation of the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss and details the components of other comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, including the amount of income tax expense (benefit) allocated to each component of other comprehensive income (loss).
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
Accumulated net unrealized gains on investment securities:
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period, net of tax
$
9

 
$
37

 
 
 
 
Net unrealized holding gains arising during the period
140

 
44

Less: Provision for income taxes
51

 
16

Net unrealized holding gains arising during the period, net of tax
89

 
28

Less:
 
 
 
Net realized losses included in net securities losses

 
(2
)
Less: Benefit for income taxes

 
(1
)
Reclassification adjustment for net securities losses included in net income, net of tax

 
(1
)
Less:
 
 
 
Net losses realized as a yield adjustment in interest on investment securities
(2
)
 
(6
)
Less: Benefit for income taxes
(1
)
 
(2
)
Reclassification adjustment for net losses realized as a yield adjustment included in net income, net of tax
(1
)
 
(4
)
Change in net unrealized gains on investment securities, net of tax
90

 
33

Balance at end of period, net of tax
$
99

 
$
70

 
 
 
 
Accumulated defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans adjustment:
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period, net of tax
$
(438
)
 
$
(449
)
 
 
 
 
Actuarial loss arising during the period
(191
)
 

Prior service credit arising during the period
235

 

Net defined benefit pension and other postretirement adjustment arising during the period
44

 

Less: Provision for income taxes
16

 

Net defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans adjustment arising during the period, net of tax
28

 

 
 
 
 
Amortization of actuarial net loss recognized in salaries and benefits expense
29

 
53

Less: Provision for income taxes
10

 
19

Adjustment for amounts recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost during the period, net of tax
19

 
34

Change in defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans adjustment, net of tax
47

 
34

Balance at end of period, net of tax
$
(391
)
 
$
(415
)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss at end of period, net of tax
$
(292
)
 
$
(345
)
For additional information regarding the net defined benefit pension and other postretirement adjustment arising during the period ended September 30, 2016, refer to Note 10.

26

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

NOTE 9 - NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
Basic and diluted net income per common share are presented in the following table.
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Basic and diluted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
149

 
$
136

 
$
313

 
$
405

Less:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income allocated to participating securities
1

 
2

 
3

 
5

Net income attributable to common shares
$
148

 
$
134

 
$
310

 
$
400

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic average common shares
171

 
176

 
173

 
176

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic net income per common share
$
0.87

 
$
0.76

 
$
1.80

 
$
2.27

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic average common shares
171

 
176

 
173

 
176

Dilutive common stock equivalents:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net effect of the assumed exercise of stock options
2

 
2

 
1

 
2

Net effect of the assumed exercise of warrants
3

 
3

 
2

 
4

Diluted average common shares
176

 
181

 
176

 
182

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted net income per common share
$
0.84

 
$
0.74

 
$
1.76

 
$
2.20

The following average shares related to outstanding options to purchase shares of common stock were not included in the computation of diluted net income per common share because the options were anti-dilutive for the period.
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(shares in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Average outstanding options
2.6
 
4.6
 
4.0
 
5.4
Range of exercise prices
$46.68 - $59.86
 
$46.68 - $60.82
 
$37.26 - $59.86
 
$46.68 - $60.82
NOTE 10 - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
Net periodic benefit costs are charged to "employee benefits expense" on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The components of net periodic benefit cost for the Corporation's qualified pension plan, non-qualified pension plan and postretirement benefit plan are as follows.
Qualified Defined Benefit Pension Plan
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Service cost
$
8

 
$
9

 
$
24

 
$
27

Interest cost
23

 
22

 
69

 
66

Expected return on plan assets
(39
)
 
(40
)
 
(120
)
 
(120
)
Amortization of prior service cost
1

 
1

 
3

 
3

Amortization of net loss
7

 
15

 
23

 
44

Net periodic defined benefit cost
$

 
$
7

 
$
(1
)
 
$
20

Non-Qualified Defined Benefit Pension Plan
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Service cost
$

 
$
1

 
$
2

 
$
3

Interest cost
3

 
2

 
8

 
7

Amortization of prior service credit
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Amortization of net loss
2

 
3

 
5

 
8

Net periodic defined benefit cost
$
4

 
$
5

 
$
12

 
$
15


27

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Postretirement Benefit Plan
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Interest cost
$

 
$
1

 
$
2

 
$
2

Expected return on plan assets
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Amortization of net loss
1

 

 
1

 
1

Net periodic postretirement benefit cost
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

In October 2016, the Corporation modified the tax-qualified defined benefit retirement plan (the pension plan) to freeze final average pay benefits as of December 31, 2016, other than for participants who are 60 or older as of December 31, 2016, and added a cash balance plan provision, effective January 1, 2017. In October 2016, the Corporation also modified the non-qualified retirement benefit plan (the non-qualified pension plan) to effectively adjust the final average pay benefit under that plan so that only compensation and service prior to December 31, 2016 is taken into account, other than for active participants on December 31, 2016 who are 60 or older as of that date. Any final average pay benefit that would have been earned under the non-qualified pension plan based on compensation and service after December 31, 2016 will be effectively frozen (other than for active participants age 60 or older). Most active pension plan participants will be converted to a cash balance formula effective January 1, 2017. Generally, active pension plan participants 60 years or older as of December 31, 2016 remain covered by the final average pay formula. Eligible employees currently participating in the retirement account plan, a defined contribution plan covering employees not accruing a benefit in the pension plan, will also be converted to the cash balance pension plan effective January 1, 2017. Final retirement account plan balances will be transferred to the Corporation's 401(k) plan in the first quarter of 2017. Contributions to the retirement account plan will cease for periods beginning after December 31, 2016.
As a result of the plan modifications, the Corporation remeasured the pension plan and the non-qualified pension plan as of September 30, 2016. The Corporation updated its significant actuarial assumptions used for the remeasurements including the discount rate, which decreased to 3.64 percent. The fair value of pension plan assets as of the remeasurement date was $2.6 billion. The remeasurement increased the qualified defined benefit pension plan asset by $41 million, including a prior service credit of $201 million and an actuarial loss of $160 million. The non-qualified defined benefit pension plan liability decreased by $3 million, including a prior service credit of $34 million and an actuarial loss of $31 million.
For further information on the Corporation's employee benefit plans, refer to Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements in the Corporation's 2015 Annual Report.
NOTE 11 - INCOME TAXES AND TAX-RELATED ITEMS
At September 30, 2016, net unrecognized tax benefits were $15 million, compared to $22 million at December 31, 2015. The decrease in net unrecognized tax benefits of $7 million was primarily due to the recognition of federal settlements. The Corporation anticipates that it is reasonably possible that final settlement of federal and state tax issues will result in a decrease in net unrecognized tax benefits of $1 million within the next twelve months. Included in "accrued expense and other liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheets was an $8 million liability for tax-related interest and penalties at September 30, 2016 compared to $3 million at December 31, 2015.
Net deferred tax assets were $187 million at September 30, 2016, compared to $199 million at December 31, 2015. The decrease of $12 million in net deferred tax assets resulted primarily from an increase in deferred tax liabilities related to unrealized gains on investment securities available-for-sale and the September 30, 2016 remeasurement of the Corporation's defined benefit pension plans as well as a reversal of deferred tax assets related to expired stock options, partially offset by restructuring charges and an increase in the allowance for loan losses. Included in deferred tax assets at both September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were $5 million of state net operating loss carryforwards, which expire between 2016 and 2026. The Corporation believes that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain of these state net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized and, accordingly, maintained a valuation allowance of $3 million at both September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The determination regarding valuation allowance was based on evidence of loss carryback capacity, projected future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences to absorb the deferred tax assets and assumptions made regarding future events.
In the ordinary course of business, the Corporation enters into certain transactions that have tax consequences. From time to time, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or other tax jurisdictions may review and/or challenge specific interpretive tax positions taken by the Corporation with respect to those transactions. The Corporation believes that its tax returns were filed based upon applicable statutes, regulations and case law in effect at the time of the transactions. The IRS or other tax jurisdictions, an administrative authority or a court, if presented with the transactions, could disagree with the Corporation’s interpretation of the tax law.

28

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Based on current knowledge and probability assessment of various potential outcomes, the Corporation believes that current tax reserves are adequate, and the amount of any potential incremental liability arising is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations. Probabilities and outcomes are reviewed as events unfold, and adjustments to the reserves are made when necessary.
NOTE 12 - CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Legal Proceedings
As previously reported in the Corporation's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and Form 10-Q for the periods ended March 31, 2016, and June 30, 2016, Comerica Bank, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Corporation, was named in November 2011 as a third-party defendant in Butte Local Development v. Masters Group v. Comerica Bank (“the case”), for lender liability. The case was tried in January 2014, in the Montana Second District Judicial Court for Silver Bow County in Butte, Montana. On January 17, 2014, a jury awarded Masters $52 million against the Bank. On July 1, 2015, after an appeal filed by the Corporation, the Montana Supreme Court ("the court") reversed the judgment against the Corporation and remanded the case for a new trial with instructions that Michigan law should apply. The court also reversed punitive and consequential damages previously awarded by the jury. The Corporation believes it has meritorious defenses to the remaining claims in this case and intends to continue to defend itself vigorously. Management believes that current reserves related to this case are adequate in the event of a negative outcome.
The Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries are subject to various other pending or threatened legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business or operations. The Corporation believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its other currently outstanding legal proceedings and, with respect to such legal proceedings, intends to continue to defend itself vigorously, litigating or settling cases according to management’s judgment as to what is in the best interests of the Corporation and its shareholders. Settlement may result from the Corporation's determination that it may be more prudent financially to settle, rather than litigate, and should not be regarded as an admission of liability. On at least a quarterly basis, the Corporation assesses its potential liabilities and contingencies in connection with outstanding legal proceedings utilizing the latest information available. On a case-by-case basis, reserves are established for those legal claims for which it is probable that a loss will be incurred either as a result of a settlement or judgment, and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. The actual costs of resolving these claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts reserved. Based on current knowledge, and after consultation with legal counsel, management believes that current reserves are adequate, and the amount of any incremental liability arising from these matters is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s consolidated financial condition, consolidated results of operations or consolidated cash flows. Legal fees of $4 million and $5 million were included in "other noninterest expenses" on the consolidated statements of income for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $14 million and $15 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
For matters where a loss is not probable, the Corporation has not established legal reserves. The Corporation believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of reserves established, for all legal proceedings in which it is involved is from zero to approximately $32 million at September 30, 2016. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses is based upon currently available information for those proceedings in which the Corporation is involved, taking into account the Corporation’s best estimate of such losses for those cases for which such estimate can be made. For certain cases, the Corporation does not believe that an estimate can currently be made. The Corporation’s estimate involves significant judgment, given the varying stages of the proceedings (including the fact that many are currently in preliminary stages), the existence in certain proceedings of multiple defendants (including the Corporation) whose share of liability has yet to be determined, the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the proceedings (including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims) and the attendant uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such proceedings. Accordingly, the Corporation’s estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses may be more or less than the current estimate.
In the event of unexpected future developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these matters may be material to the Corporation's consolidated financial condition, consolidated results of operations or consolidated cash flows.
For information regarding income tax contingencies, refer to Note 11.
NOTE 13 - RESTRUCTURING CHARGES
The Corporation approved and launched an initiative in the second quarter 2016 designed to reduce overhead and increase revenue (the GEAR Up initiative). The actions in the initiative include, but are not limited to, a reduction in workforce, a new retirement program, streamlining operational processes, real estate optimization including consolidating 38 banking centers as well as reducing office and operations space, selective outsourcing of technology functions and reduction of technology system applications.

29

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Certain actions associated with the GEAR Up initiative result in restructuring charges. Generally, costs associated with or incurred to generate revenue as part of the initiative are recorded according to the nature of the cost and are not included in restructuring charges. The Corporation considers the following costs associated with the initiative to be restructuring charges:
Employee costs: Primarily severance costs in accordance with the Corporation’s severance plan.
Facilities costs: Costs pertaining to consolidating banking centers and other facilities, such as lease termination costs and decommissioning costs. Also includes accelerated depreciation and impairment of owned property to be sold.
Technology costs: Impairment and other costs associated with optimizing technology infrastructure and reducing the number of applications.
Other costs: Includes primarily professional fees, as well as other contract termination fees and legal fees incurred in the execution of the initiative.
See Note 10 for further information concerning the Corporation's retirement benefit plans.
Restructuring charges are recorded as a component of noninterest expenses on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The following table presents changes in restructuring reserves, cumulative charges incurred to date and total expected restructuring charges:
(in millions)
Employee Costs
 
Facilities Costs
 
Technology Costs
 
Other Costs
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
46

 
$

 
$

 
$
4

 
$
50

Restructuring charges
4

 
5

 

 
11

 
20

Payments
(12
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(8
)
 
(21
)
Adjustments for non-cash charges (a)
2

 
(4
)
 

 

 
(2
)
Balance at end of period
$
40

 
$

 
$

 
$
7

 
$
47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Restructuring charges
50

 
5

 

 
18

 
73

Payments
(12
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(11
)
 
(24
)
Adjustments for non-cash charges (a)
2

 
(4
)
 

 

 
(2
)
Balance at end of period
$
40

 
$

 
$

 
$
7

 
$
47

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total restructuring charges incurred to date
$
50

 
$
5

 
$

 
$
18

 
$
73

Total expected restructuring charges (b)
$65 - $70

 
$35 - $40

 
$10 - $15

 
$30 - $35

 
$140 - $160

(a)
Adjustments for non-cash charges include the benefit from forfeitures of nonvested stock compensation in Employee Costs and accelerated depreciation expense in Facilities Costs.
(b)
Restructuring activities are expected to be substantially completed by 12/31/2018.
Restructuring charges directly attributable to a business segment are assigned to that business segment. Restructuring charges incurred by areas whose services support the overall Corporation are allocated based on the methodology described in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements in the Corporation's 2015 Annual Report. Total restructuring charges assigned to the Business Bank, Retail Bank and Wealth Management were $10 million, $8 million and $2 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and $36 million, $27 million and $10 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Remaining expected restructuring charges will be assigned to the business segments using the same methodology. Facilities costs pertaining to the consolidation of banking centers are expected to impact primarily the Retail Bank.
NOTE 14 - BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Corporation has strategically aligned its operations into three major business segments: the Business Bank, the Retail Bank and Wealth Management. These business segments are differentiated based on the type of customer and the related products and services provided. In addition to the three major business segments, the Finance Division is also reported as a segment. Business segment results are produced by the Corporation’s internal management accounting system. This system measures financial results based on the internal business unit structure of the Corporation. The performance of the business segments is not comparable with the Corporation's consolidated results and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. Additionally, because of the interrelationships of the various segments, the information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities. The management accounting system assigns balance sheet and income statement items to each business segment using certain methodologies, which are regularly reviewed and refined. From

30

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

time to time, the Corporation may make reclassifications among the segments to more appropriately reflect management's current view of the segments, and methodologies may be modified as the management accounting system is enhanced and changes occur in the organizational structure and/or product lines. For comparability purposes, amounts in all periods are based on business unit structure and methodologies in effect at September 30, 2016.
Effective January 1, 2016, in conjunction with the effective date for regulatory Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) requirements, the Corporation prospectively implemented an additional funds transfer pricing (FTP) charge, primarily for the cost of maintaining liquid assets to support potential draws on unfunded loan commitments and for the long-term economic cost of holding collateral for secured deposits. For further information about the Corporation's FTP methodology, refer to Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements in the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
The following discussion provides information about the activities of each business segment. A discussion of the financial results and the factors impacting performance can be found in the section entitled "Business Segments" in the financial review.
The Business Bank meets the needs of middle market businesses, multinational corporations and governmental entities by offering various products and services, including commercial loans and lines of credit, deposits, cash management, capital market products, international trade finance, letters of credit, foreign exchange management services and loan syndication services.
The Retail Bank includes small business banking and personal financial services, consisting of consumer lending, consumer deposit gathering and mortgage loan origination. In addition to a full range of financial services provided to small business customers, this business segment offers a variety of consumer products, including deposit accounts, installment loans, credit cards, student loans, home equity lines of credit and residential mortgage loans.
Wealth Management offers products and services consisting of fiduciary services, private banking, retirement services, investment management and advisory services, investment banking and brokerage services. This business segment also offers the sale of annuity products, as well as life, disability and long-term care insurance products.
The Finance segment includes the Corporation’s securities portfolio and asset and liability management activities. This segment is responsible for managing the Corporation’s funding, liquidity and capital needs, performing interest sensitivity analysis and executing various strategies to manage the Corporation’s exposure to liquidity, interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk.
The Other category includes discontinued operations, the income and expense impact of equity and cash, tax benefits not assigned to specific business segments, charges of an unusual or infrequent nature that are not reflective of the normal operations of the business segments and miscellaneous other expenses of a corporate nature.
For further information on the methodologies which form the basis for these results refer to Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements in the Corporation's 2015 Annual Report.

31

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Business segment financial results are as follows:
(dollar amounts in millions)
Business
Bank
 
Retail
Bank
 
Wealth Management
 
Finance
 
Other
 
Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings summary:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income (expense)
$
361

 
$
156

 
$
41

 
$
(114
)
 
$
6

 
$
450

Provision for credit losses
2

 
10

 
(1
)
 

 
5

 
16

Noninterest income
145

 
50

 
61

 
13

 
3

 
272

Noninterest expenses
215

 
195

 
75

 
(1
)
 
9

 
493

Provision (benefit) for income taxes
97

 

 
10

 
(39
)
 
(4
)
 
64

Net income (loss)
$
192

 
$
1

 
$
18

 
$
(61
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
149

Net credit-related charge-offs
$
14

 
$
3

 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected average balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
39,618

 
$
6,544

 
$
5,283

 
$
14,144

 
$
7,320

 
$
72,909

Loans
38,243

 
5,871

 
5,092

 

 

 
49,206

Deposits
30,019

 
23,654

 
4,030

 
98

 
264

 
58,065

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statistical data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average assets (a)
1.94
%
 
0.01
%
 
1.39
%
 
N/M

 
N/M

 
0.82
%
Efficiency ratio (b)
42.38

 
94.57

 
73.07

 
N/M

 
N/M

 
68.15

(dollar amounts in millions)
Business
Bank
 
Retail
Bank
 
Wealth Management
 
Finance
 
Other
 
Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings summary:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income (expense)
$
378

 
$
158

 
$
45

 
$
(163
)
 
$
4

 
$
422

Provision for credit losses
30

 
2

 
(3
)
 

 
(3
)
 
26

Noninterest income
144

 
49

 
59

 
12

 
(4
)
 
260

Noninterest expenses
198

 
185

 
75

 

 
(1
)
 
457

Provision (benefit) for income taxes
99

 
7

 
11

 
(57
)
 
3

 
63

Net income (loss)
$
195

 
$
13

 
$
21

 
$
(94
)
 
$
1

 
$
136

Net credit-related charge-offs (recoveries)
$
23

 
$
1

 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected average balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
39,768

 
$
6,518

 
$
5,228

 
$
11,761

 
$
8,058

 
$
71,333

Loans
38,113

 
5,835

 
5,024

 

 

 
48,972

Deposits
31,405

 
23,079

 
4,188

 
203

 
265

 
59,140

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statistical data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average assets (a)
1.96
%
 
0.23
%
 
1.62
%
 
N/M

 
N/M

 
0.76
%
Efficiency ratio (b)
37.98

 
89.33

 
71.12

 
N/M

 
N/M

 
66.87

(a)
Return on average assets is calculated based on the greater of average assets or average liabilities and attributed equity.
(b)
Noninterest expenses as a percentage of the sum of net interest income (fully taxable equivalent basis) and noninterest income excluding net securities gains.
N/M – not meaningful

32

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

(dollar amounts in millions)
Business
Bank
 
Retail
Bank
 
Wealth Management
 
Finance
 
Other
 
Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Earnings summary:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income (expense)
$
1,077

 
$
466

 
$
128

 
$
(346
)
 
$
17

 
$
1,342

Provision for credit losses
200

 
13

 
(3
)
 

 
3

 
213

Noninterest income
426

 
141

 
181

 
33

 
3

 
784

Noninterest expenses
644

 
579

 
229

 
(3
)
 
20

 
1,469

Provision (benefit) for income taxes
217

 
5

 
30

 
(119
)
 
(2
)
 
131

Net income (loss)
$
442

 
$
10

 
$
53

 
$
(191
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
313

Net credit-related charge-offs
$
113

 
$
6

 
$
2

 
$

 
$

 
$
121

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected average balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
39,589

 
$
6,548

 
$
5,220

 
$
13,955

 
$
5,630

 
$
70,942

Loans
38,126

 
5,872

 
5,025

 

 

 
49,023

Deposits
29,195

 
23,438

 
4,137

 
81

 
251

 
57,102

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statistical data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average assets (a)
1.49
%
 
0.06
%
 
1.37
%
 
N/M

 
N/M

 
0.59
%
Efficiency ratio (b)
42.70

 
94.87

 
74.09

 
N/M

 
N/M

 
68.88

(dollar amounts in millions)
Business
Bank
 
Retail
Bank
 
Wealth Management
 
Finance
 
Other
 
Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
Earnings summary:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income (expense)
$
1,117

 
$
466

 
$
133

 
$
(471
)
 
$
11

 
$
1,256

Provision for credit losses
116

 
(14
)
 
(13
)
 

 
(2
)
 
87

Noninterest income
426

 
136

 
177

 
32

 
(2
)
 
769

Noninterest expenses
572

 
542

 
225

 
(2
)
 
8

 
1,345

Provision (benefit) for income taxes
289

 
26

 
35

 
(163
)
 
1

 
188

Net income (loss)
$
566

 
$
48

 
$
63

 
$
(274
)
 
$
2

 
$
405

Net credit-related charge-offs (recoveries)
$
55

 
$
3

 
$
(8
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected average balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
39,567

 
$
6,449

 
$
5,137

 
$
11,593

 
$
6,942

 
$
69,688

Loans
37,950

 
5,767

 
4,938

 

 

 
48,655

Deposits
30,607

 
22,746

 
4,082

 
146

 
270

 
57,851

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statistical data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average assets (a)
1.91
%
 
0.28
%
 
1.64
%
 
N/M

 
N/M

 
0.78
%
Efficiency ratio (b)
37.00

 
89.91

 
71.98

 
N/M

 
N/M

 
66.25

(a)
Return on average assets is calculated based on the greater of average assets or average liabilities and attributed equity.
(b)
Noninterest expenses as a percentage of the sum of net interest income (fully taxable equivalent basis) and noninterest income excluding net securities gains.
N/M – not meaningful
The Corporation operates in three primary markets - Texas, California, and Michigan, as well as in Arizona and Florida, with select businesses operating in several other states, and in Canada and Mexico. The Corporation produces market segment results for the Corporation’s three primary geographic markets as well as Other Markets. Other Markets includes Florida, Arizona, the International Finance division and businesses with a national perspective. The Finance & Other category includes the Finance segment and the Other category as previously described. Market segment results are provided as supplemental information to the business segment results and may not meet all operating segment criteria as set forth in GAAP. For comparability purposes, amounts in all periods are based on market segments and methodologies in effect at September 30, 2016.
A discussion of the financial results and the factors impacting performance can be found in the section entitled "Market Segments" in the financial review.

33

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

Market segment financial results are as follows:
(dollar amounts in millions)
Michigan
 
California
 
Texas
 
Other
Markets
 
Finance
& Other
 
Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
Earnings summary:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income (expense)
$
169

 
$
181

 
$
118

 
$
90

 
$
(108
)
 
$
450

Provision for credit losses
13

 
(4
)
 
(3
)
 
5

 
5

 
16

Noninterest income
82

 
44

 
33

 
97

 
16

 
272

Noninterest expenses
161

 
110

 
102

 
112

 
8

 
493

Provision (benefit) for income taxes
26

 
44

 
19

 
18

 
(43
)
 
64

Net income (loss)
$
51

 
$
75

 
$
33

 
$
52

 
$
(62
)
 
$
149

Net credit-related charge-offs (recoveries)
$
1

 
$

 
$
10

 
$
5

 
$

 
$
16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected average balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
13,174

 
$
17,933

 
$
11,014

 
$
9,324

 
$
21,464

 
$
72,909

Loans
12,488

 
17,637

 
10,566

 
8,515

 

 
49,206

Deposits
21,944

 
17,674

 
9,860

 
8,225

 
362

 
58,065

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statistical data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average assets (a)
0.90
%
 
1.61
%
 
1.18
%
 
2.23
%
 
N/M

 
0.82
%
Efficiency ratio (b)
64.10

 
48.56

 
67.29

 
59.87

 
N/M

 
68.15

(dollar amounts in millions)
Michigan
 
California
 
Texas
 
Other
Markets
 
Finance
& Other
 
Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
Earnings summary:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income (expense)
$
179

 
$
186

 
$
129

 
$
87

 
$
(159
)
 
$
422

Provision for credit losses
6

 
24

 
10

 
(11
)
 
(3
)
 
26

Noninterest income
84

 
38

 
34

 
96

 
8

 
260

Noninterest expenses
152

 
101

 
97

 
108

 
(1
)
 
457

Provision (benefit) for income taxes
35

 
37

 
20

 
25

 
(54
)
 
63

Net income (loss)
$
70

 
$
62

 
$
36

 
$
61

 
$
(93
)
 
$
136

Net credit-related charge-offs (recoveries)
$
9

 
$
10

 
$
4

 
$

 
$

 
$
23

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected average balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
13,856

 
$
17,060

 
$
11,578

 
$
9,020

 
$
19,819

 
$
71,333

Loans
13,223

 
16,789

 
10,997

 
7,963

 

 
48,972

Deposits
21,946

 
18,371

 
10,753

 
7,602

 
468

 
59,140

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statistical data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average assets (a)
1.23
%
 
1.27
%
 
1.16
%
 
2.70
%
 
N/M

 
0.76
%
Efficiency ratio (b)
57.42

 
45.19

 
59.48

 
59.00

 
N/M

 
66.87

(a)
Return on average assets is calculated based on the greater of average assets or average liabilities and attributed equity.
(b)
Noninterest expenses as a percentage of the sum of net interest income (fully taxable equivalent basis) and noninterest income excluding net securities gains.
N/M – not meaningful

34

Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Comerica Incorporated and Subsidiaries

(dollar amounts in millions)
Michigan
 
California
 
Texas
 
Other
Markets
 
Finance
& Other
 
Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016
Earnings summary:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income (expense)
$
509

 
$
537

 
$
360

 
$
265

 
$
(329
)
 
$
1,342

Provision for credit losses
10

 
8

 
199

 
(7
)
 
3

 
213

Noninterest income
240

 
120

 
95

 
293

 
36

 
784

Noninterest expenses
471

 
333

 
316

 
332

 
17

 
1,469

Provision (benefit) for income taxes
90

 
118

 
(20
)
 
64

 
(121
)
 
131

Net income (loss)
$
178

 
$
198

 
$
(40
)
 
$
169

 
$
(192
)
 
$
313

Net credit-related charge-offs (recoveries)
$
6

 
$
25

 
$
88

 
$
2

 
$

 
$
121

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected average balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
13,291

 
$
17,824

 
$
11,198

 
$
9,044

 
$
19,585

 
$
70,942

Loans
12,640

 
17,544

 
10,722

 
8,117

 

 
49,023

Deposits
21,731

 
17,089

 
10,095

 
7,855

 
332

 
57,102

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statistical data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average assets (a)
1.06
%
 
1.46
%
 
(0.45
)%
 
2.48
%
 
N/M

 
0.59
%
Efficiency ratio (b)
62.60

 
50.63

 
69.16

 
59.36

 
N/M

 
68.88

(dollar amounts in millions)
Michigan
 
California
 
Texas
 
Other
Markets
 
Finance
& Other
 
Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
Earnings summary:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income (expense)
$
533

 
$
542

 
$
390

 
$
251

 
$
(460
)
 
$
1,256

Provision for credit losses
(15
)
 
24

 
74

 
6

 
(2
)
 
87

Noninterest income
249

 
109

 
99

 
282

 
30

 
769

Noninterest expenses
433

 
298

 
286

 
322

 
6

 
1,345

Provision (benefit) for income taxes
122

 
123

 
48

 
57

 
(162
)
 
188

Net income (loss)
$
242

 
$
206

 
$
81

 
$
148

 
$
(272
)
 
$
405

Net credit-related charge-offs (recoveries)
$
10

 
$
16

 
$
13

 
$
11

 
$

 
$
50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected average balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
13,815

 
$
16,741

 
$
11,880

 
$
8,717

 
$
18,535

 
$
69,688

Loans
13,245

 
16,473

 
11,260

 
7,677

 

 
48,655

Deposits
21,788

 
17,500

 
10,907

 
7,240

 
416

 
57,851

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statistical data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average assets (a)
1.42
%
 
1.47
%
 
0.87
%
 
2.26
%
 
N/M

 
0.78
%
Efficiency ratio (b)
55.18

 
45.74

 
58.32

 
60.23

 
N/M

 
66.25

(a)
Return on average assets is calculated based on the greater of average assets or average liabilities and attributed equity.
(b)
Noninterest expenses as a percentage of the sum of net interest income (fully taxable equivalent basis) and noninterest income excluding net securities gains.
N/M – not meaningful

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ITEM 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This report includes forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In addition, the Corporation may make other written and oral communications from time to time that contain such statements. All statements regarding the Corporation's expected financial position, strategies and growth prospects and general economic conditions expected to exist in the future are forward-looking statements. The words, "anticipates," "believes," "contemplates," "feels," "expects," "estimates," "seeks," "strives," "plans," "intends," "outlook," "forecast," "position," "target," "mission," "assume," "achievable," "potential," "strategy," "goal," "aspiration," "opportunity," "initiative," "outcome," "continue," "remain," "maintain," "on course," "trend," "objective," "looks forward," "projects," "models," and variations of such words and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as "will," "would," "should," "could," "might," "can," "may" or similar expressions, as they relate to the Corporation or its management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are predicated on the beliefs and assumptions of the Corporation's management based on information known to the Corporation's management as of the date of this report and do not purport to speak as of any other date. Forward-looking statements may include descriptions of plans and objectives of the Corporation's management for future or past operations, products or services, including the GEAR Up initiative, and forecasts of the Corporation's revenue, earnings or other measures of economic performance, including statements of profitability, business segments and subsidiaries as well as estimates of the economic benefits of the GEAR Up initiative, estimates of credit trends and global stability. Such statements reflect the view of the Corporation's management as of this date with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks materialize or should underlying beliefs or assumptions prove incorrect, the Corporation's actual results could differ materially from those discussed. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences are changes in general economic, political or industry conditions; changes in monetary and fiscal policies, including changes in interest rates; changes in regulation or oversight; the Corporation's ability to maintain adequate sources of funding and liquidity; the effects of more stringent capital or liquidity requirements; declines or other changes in the businesses or industries of the Corporation's customers, in particular the energy industry; unfavorable developments concerning credit quality; operational difficulties, failure of technology infrastructure or information security incidents; reliance on other companies to provide certain key components of business infrastructure; factors impacting noninterest expenses which are beyond the Corporation's control; changes in the financial markets, including fluctuations in interest rates and their impact on deposit pricing; reductions in the Corporation's credit rating; whether the Corporation may achieve opportunities for revenue enhancements and efficiency improvements under the GEAR Up initiative, or changes in the scope or assumptions underlying the GEAR Up initiative; the interdependence of financial service companies; the implementation of the Corporation's strategies and business initiatives; damage to the Corporation's reputation; the Corporation's ability to utilize technology to efficiently and effectively develop, market and deliver new products and services; competitive product and pricing pressures among financial institutions within the Corporation's markets; changes in customer behavior; any future strategic acquisitions or divestitures; management's ability to maintain and expand customer relationships; management's ability to retain key officers and employees; the impact of legal and regulatory proceedings or determinations; the effectiveness of methods of reducing risk exposures; the effects of terrorist activities and other hostilities; the effects of catastrophic events including, but not limited to, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, fires, droughts and floods; changes in accounting standards and the critical nature of the Corporation's accounting policies. The Corporation cautions that the foregoing list of factors is not exclusive. For discussion of factors that may cause actual results to differ from expectations, please refer to our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In particular, please refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” beginning on page 12 of the Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” beginning on page 62 of the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. The Corporation does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect facts, circumstances, assumptions or events that occur after the date the forward-looking statements are made. For any forward-looking statements made in this report or in any documents, the Corporation claims the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

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Table of Contents

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2016 was $149 million, an increase of $13 million from $136 million reported for the three months ended September 30, 2015. Excluding the after-tax impact of the third quarter 2016 restructuring charges associated with the Corporation's efficiency and revenue initiative ("GEAR Up") of $13 million, or $0.08 per share, net income increased $26 million, primarily reflecting an increase in net interest income and a lower provision for credit losses. Net income per diluted common share was $0.84 and $0.74 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and average diluted common shares were 176 million and 181 million for each respective period. More information regarding GEAR Up is provided under the "Growth in Efficiency and Revenue Initiative" subheading below.
Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $313 million, a decrease of $92 million from $405 million reported for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Excluding the after-tax impact of 2016 GEAR Up restructuring charges of $46 million, or $0.27 per share, net income decreased $46 million, primarily reflecting an increase in the provision for credit losses and a benefit to the prior year from a net release of litigation reserves, partially offset by an increase in net interest income. Net income per diluted common share was $1.76 and $2.20 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Average diluted common shares were 176 million and 182 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Growth in Efficiency and Revenue Initiative
The Corporation recently announced additional GEAR Up actions that are expected to add approximately $40 million of additional savings to the target. The GEAR Up initiative now includes expected pre-tax benefits, before restructuring charges, of approximately $180 million in full-year 2017 and $270 million in full-year 2018. Additional initiatives include a new retirement program for most employees that will replace the current pension plan and retirement account plan, effective January 1, 2017. Active pension plan participants age 60 or older as of December 31, 2016 and current retirees will not be impacted. Based on current actuarial assumptions, this initiative is expected to reduce full-year 2016 pension expense from $14 million to $7 million, resulting in a $4 million benefit in the fourth quarter 2016, and generate annual savings of approximately $35 million in full-year 2017, relative to 2016 expected retirement expense prior to the change. For further information concerning the Corporation's retirement benefit plans, refer to note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.
Expense reductions are expected to save approximately $25 million in the fourth quarter 2016, approximately $150 million in full-year 2017, and approximately $200 million in full-year 2018. This is to be achieved through a reduction in workforce, the new retirement program discussed above, streamlining operational processes, real estate optimization including consolidating banking centers as well as reducing office and operations space, selective outsourcing of technology functions and reduction of technology system applications.
As a result of GEAR Up, the Corporation announced the consolidation of 38 banking centers, of which 19 will be consolidated by the end of 2016 and the remainder before the end of the second quarter 2017. Approximately 30 percent of managerial positions have been removed and nearly 700 employees have been notified that their positions are being eliminated.
Revenue enhancements are expected to gradually ramp-up to approximately $30 million in full-year 2017, gradually increasing to approximately $70 million in full-year 2018, through expanded product offerings, enhanced sales tools and training and improved customer analytics to drive opportunities.
Pre-tax restructuring charges of $140 million to $160 million in total are expected to be incurred through 2018, including an estimated $103 million to $108 million by year-end 2016. Restructuring charges totaling $73 million were incurred through September 30, 2016. For additional information regarding restructuring charges, refer to note 13 to the consolidated financial statements.
Fourth Quarter 2016 Outlook Compared to Third Quarter 2016
Management expectations for fourth quarter 2016 compared to third quarter 2016, assuming a continuation of the current economic and low-rate environment, are as follows:
Average loans stable, reflecting growth in National Dealer Services, Technology and Life Sciences and small increases in several other lines of business, offset by seasonality in Mortgage Banker and a continued decline in Energy.
Net interest income slightly higher, reflecting benefits from a decline in wholesale funding costs and an increase in LIBOR.
Provision for credit losses expected to remain low, with net charge-offs below historical norms. Provision and net charge-offs expected to be between second quarter 2016 and third quarter 2016 levels.
Noninterest income relatively stable, excluding income from bank-owned life insurance and deferred compensation asset returns, with fee income expected to remain strong at third quarter 2016 levels.
Noninterest expenses lower, excluding an estimated $30 million to $35 million in restructuring expense, with GEAR Up expense savings of approximately $25 million, primarily salaries and benefits (including pension); seasonal increases in

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outside processing, marketing and occupancy expected to be partially offset by third quarter 2016 level of deferred compensation expense not expected to repeat.
Income tax expense to approximate 30 percent of pre-tax income.
Net Interest Income
The "Quarterly Analysis of Net Interest Income & Rate/Volume" table that follows provides an analysis of net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 and details the components of the change in net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2016 compared to the same period in the prior year.
Quarterly Analysis of Net Interest Income & Rate/Volume
 
Three Months Ended
 
September 30, 2016
 
September 30, 2015
(dollar amounts in millions)
Average
Balance
Interest
Average
Rate (a)
 
Average
Balance
Interest
Average
Rate (a)
Commercial loans
$
31,132

$
253

3.25
%
 
$
31,900

$
243

3.04
%
Real estate construction loans
2,646

24

3.57

 
1,833

16

3.47

Commercial mortgage loans
9,012

78

3.43

 
8,691

74

3.39

Lease financing
662

5

3.30

 
788

6

3.16

International loans
1,349

12

3.56

 
1,401

13

3.51

Residential mortgage loans
1,883

18

3.74

 
1,882

18

3.79

Consumer loans
2,522

21

3.31

 
2,477

20

3.21

Total loans
49,206

411

3.33

 
48,972

390

3.17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities (b)
9,359

50

2.17

 
9,099

50

2.21

Other investment securities
3,014

11

1.51

 
1,133

4

1.26

Total investment securities (b)
12,373

61

2.01

 
10,232

54

2.11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
5,967

8

0.51

 
6,869

4

0.25

Other short-term investments
102


0.43

 
118


0.82

Total earning assets
67,648

480

2.84

 
66,191

448

2.70

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
1,152

 
 
 
1,095

 
 
Allowance for loan losses
(749
)
 
 
 
(628
)
 
 
Accrued income and other assets
4,858

 
 
 
4,675

 
 
Total assets
$
72,909

 
 
 
$
71,333

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market and interest-bearing checking deposits
$
22,415

7

0.12

 
$
24,298

7

0.11

Savings deposits
2,042


0.03

 
1,860


0.02

Customer certificates of deposit
3,129

3

0.40

 
4,232

4

0.37

Foreign office time deposits
25


0.37

 
127


0.70

Total interest-bearing deposits
27,611

10

0.14

 
30,517

11

0.14

Short-term borrowings
17


0.47

 
91


0.04

Medium- and long-term debt
5,907

20

1.36

 
3,175

15

1.85

Total interest-bearing sources
33,535

30

0.36

 
33,783

26

0.30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing deposits
30,454

 
 
 
28,623

 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
1,243

 
 
 
1,368

 
 
Total shareholders’ equity
7,677

 
 
 
7,559

 
 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
72,909

 
 
 
$
71,333

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income/rate spread
 
$
450

2.48

 
 
$
422

2.40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impact of net noninterest-bearing sources of funds
 
 
0.18

 
 
 
0.14

Net interest margin (as a percentage of average earning assets)
 
 
2.66
%
 
 
 
2.54
%
(a)
Fully taxable equivalent.
(b)
Includes investment securities available-for-sale and investment securities held-to-maturity.




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Table of Contents

Quarterly Analysis of Net Interest Income & Rate/Volume (continued)
 
Three Months Ended
 
September 30, 2016/September 30, 2015
(in millions)
Increase
(Decrease)
Due to Rate
Increase
(Decrease)
Due to 
Volume (a)
Net
Increase
(Decrease)
Interest Income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
$
18

 
$
3

 
$
21

 
Investment securities (b)

 
7

 
7

 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
5

 
(1
)
 
4

 
Total interest income
23

 
9

 
32

 
Interest Expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
1

 
(2
)
 
(1
)
 
Medium- and long-term debt
3

 
2

 
5

 
Total interest expense
4

 

 
4

 
Net interest income
$
19

 
$
9

 
$
28

 
(a)
Rate/volume variances are allocated to variances due to volume.
(b)
Includes investment securities available-for-sale and investment securities held-to-maturity.
Net interest income was $450 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, an increase of $28 million compared to $422 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in net interest income resulted primarily from the impact of higher yields on loans and Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) deposits, reflecting the benefit from the December 2015 short-term rate increase and increases in LIBOR rates, a larger investment securities portfolio and loan growth, partially offset by higher funding costs, primarily the result of higher costs on variable-rate debt tied to LIBOR rates and new Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) borrowings in the second quarter 2016. Average earning assets increased $1.4 billion, or 2 percent, to $67.6 billion, compared to $66.2 billion for the same period in 2015. The increase in average earning assets primarily reflected increases of $2.1 billion in average investment securities and $234 million in average loans, partially offset by a decrease of $902 million in average FRB deposits, included in "interest-bearing deposits with banks" on the consolidated balance sheets. The net interest margin (FTE) for the three months ended September 30, 2016 increased 12 basis points to 2.66 percent, from 2.54 percent for the comparable period in 2015, primarily from higher yields on loans and the reinvestment of FRB deposits into higher yielding Treasury securities, partially offset by the impact of higher funding costs. The increase in loan yields primarily reflected the benefit from the increase in short-term rates, partially offset by the impact of a higher level of nonaccrual loans in the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared to the same period in the prior year.

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Table of Contents

Year-to-Date Analysis of Net Interest Income & Rate/Volume
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2016
 
September 30, 2015
(dollar amounts in millions)
Average
Balance
Interest
Average
Rate (a)
 
Average
Balance
Interest
Average
Rate (a)
Commercial loans
$
31,152

$
753

3.24
%
 
$
31,596

$
718

3.05
%
Real estate construction loans
2,397

65

3.61

 
1,859

48

3.44

Commercial mortgage loans
9,002

236

3.50

 
8,648

220

3.40

Lease financing
706

15

2.86

 
793

19

3.13

International loans
1,388

38

3.61

 
1,455

39

3.63

Residential mortgage loans
1,885

54

3.81

 
1,872

53

3.78

Consumer loans
2,493

62

3.34

 
2,432

59

3.23

Total loans
49,023

1,223

3.34

 
48,655

1,156

3.19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities (b)
9,347

152

2.20

 
9,076

151

2.23

Other investment securities
3,008

33

1.50

 
950

9

1.18

Total investment securities (b)
12,355

185

2.03

 
10,026

160

2.13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
4,313

16

0.50

 
5,774

11

0.25

Other short-term investments
105

1

0.65

 
106


0.78

Total earning assets
65,796

1,425

2.90

 
64,561

1,327

2.76

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
1,098

 
 
 
1,054

 
 
Allowance for loan losses
(726
)
 
 
 
(614
)
 
 
Accrued income and other assets
4,774

 
 
 
4,687

 
 
Total assets
$
70,942

 
 
 
$
69,688

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market and interest-bearing checking deposits
$
22,797

20

0.11

 
$
23,973

20

0.11

Savings deposits
1,996


0.02

 
1,827


0.02

Customer certificates of deposit
3,308

10

0.40

 
4,359

12

0.37

Foreign office and other time deposits
35


0.34

 
123

1

1.13

Total interest-bearing deposits
28,136

30

0.14

 
30,282

33

0.14

Short-term borrowings
180


0.45

 
93


0.05

Medium- and long-term debt
4,695

53

1.51

 
2,843

38

1.80

Total interest-bearing sources
33,011

83

0.33

 
33,218

71

0.28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing deposits
28,966

 
 
 
27,569

 
 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
1,311

 
 
 
1,393

 
 
Total shareholders’ equity
7,654

 
 
 
7,508

 
 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
70,942

 
 
 
$
69,688

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income/rate spread
 
$
1,342

2.57

 
 
$
1,256

2.48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impact of net noninterest-bearing sources of funds
 
 
0.17

 
 
 
0.13

Net interest margin (as a percentage of average earning assets
 
 
2.74
%
 
 
 
2.61
%
(a)
Fully taxable equivalent.
(b)
Includes investment securities available-for-sale and investment securities held-to-maturity.


40

Table of Contents

Year-to-Date Analysis of Net Interest Income & Rate/Volume
 
Nine Months Ended
  
September 30, 2016/September 30, 2015
(in millions)
Increase
(Decrease)
Due to Rate
Increase
(Decrease)
Due to Volume (a)
Net
Increase
(Decrease)
Interest Income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
$
55

 
$
12

 
$
67

 
Investment securities (b)

 
25

 
25

 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
11

 
(5
)
 
6

 
Total interest income
66

 
32

 
98

 
Interest Expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
1

 
(4
)
 
(3
)
 
Medium- and long-term debt
6

 
9

 
15

 
Total interest expense
7

 
5

 
12

 
Net interest income
$
59

 
$
27

 
$
86

 
(a)
Rate/volume variances are allocated to variances due to volume.
(b)
Includes investment securities available-for-sale and investment securities held-to-maturity.
Net interest income was $1.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, an increase of $86 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The increase in net interest income resulted primarily from the same reasons as described in the quarterly discussion above, as well as the benefit of one additional day in 2016. Average earning assets increased $1.2 billion, or 2 percent, to $65.8 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to $64.6 billion for the same period in 2015. The increase in average earning assets primarily reflected increases of $2.3 billion in average investment securities and $368 million in average loans, partially offset by a decrease of $1.5 billion in average FRB deposits. The net interest margin (FTE) for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased 13 basis points to 2.74 percent, from 2.61 percent for the comparable period in 2015, primarily the result of the same reasons as described in the quarterly discussion above
For further discussion of the effects of market rates on net interest income, refer to the "Market and Liquidity Risk" section of this financial review.
Provision for Credit Losses
The provision for credit losses was $16 million and $26 million for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $213 million and $87 million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The provision for credit losses includes both the provision for loan losses and the provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments.
The provision for loan losses is recorded to maintain the allowance for loan losses at the level deemed appropriate by the Corporation to cover probable credit losses inherent in the portfolio. The provision for loan losses was $14 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared to $28 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease in the provision primarily reflected decreases in Technology and Life Sciences and, to a lesser extent, Energy. The provision for loan losses was $202 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, an increase of $123 million compared to $79 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in the provision was primarily driven by Energy and, to a lesser extent, general Middle Market and Small Business, partially offset by a lower provision for Technology and Life Sciences.
Net loan charge-offs in the three months ended September 30, 2016 decreased $7 million to $16 million, or 0.13 percent of average total loans, compared to $23 million, or 0.19 percent, for the three months ended September 30, 2015. The decrease in net loan charge-offs primarily reflected decreases in Technology and Life Sciences and general Middle Market, partially offset by increases in Energy and Corporate Banking. Net loan charge-offs in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $61 million to $110 million, or 0.30 percent of average total loans, compared to $49 million, or 0.14 percent, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Excluding Energy, net loan charge-offs in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 totaled $35 million, or 0.15 percent of average total loans. The increase in net loan charge-offs primarily reflected increases in Energy and Private Banking, partially offset by decreases in general Middle Market and Technology and Life Sciences.
The provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments is recorded to maintain the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments at the level deemed appropriate by the Corporation to cover probable credit losses inherent in lending-related commitments. The provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments was $2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared to a benefit of $2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2015. The provision for credit losses on lending-related commitments was $11 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $8 million for the same period in 2015. There were no lending-related commitment charge-offs for both the three-month periods

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ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, and charge-offs of $11 million and $1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The lending-related commitment charge-offs of $11 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were the result of sales of Corporate Banking and Energy unfunded commitments.
For further information regarding energy and energy-related loans, refer to the "Energy Lending" subheading in the "Risk Management" section of this financial review. An analysis of the allowance for credit losses and nonperforming assets is presented under the "Credit Risk" subheading in the "Risk Management" section of this financial review.
Noninterest Income
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Card fees
76

 
71

 
224

 
203

Service charges on deposit accounts
$
55

 
$
57

 
$
165

 
$
168

Fiduciary income
47

 
47

 
142

 
142

Commercial lending fees
26

 
22

 
68

 
69

Letter of credit fees
12

 
13

 
38

 
39

Bank-owned life insurance
12

 
10

 
30

 
29

Foreign exchange income
10

 
10

 
31

 
29

Brokerage fees
5

 
5

 
14

 
13

Net securities losses

 

 
(3
)
 
(2
)
Other noninterest income (a)
29

 
25

 
75

 
79

Total noninterest income
$
272

 
$
260

 
$
784

 
$
769

(a)
The table below provides further details on certain categories included in other noninterest income.
Noninterest income increased $12 million to $272 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared to $260 million for the same period in 2015, primarily reflecting increases in card fees, due to volume-driven increases from merchant payment processing services and government card programs, and commercial lending fees, largely due to an increase in syndication agent fees. The increase in other noninterest income (refer to the table below) was primarily the result of an increase in deferred compensation asset returns (which offsets an increase in deferred compensation plan expense included in noninterest expenses).
Noninterest income increased $15 million to $784 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to $769 million for the same period in 2015, primarily due to an increase in card fees, partially offset by decreases in other noninterest income and service charges on deposit accounts. The increase in card fees was largely for the same reasons as described in the quarterly discussion above. The decrease in other noninterest income (refer to table below) primarily reflected decreases in investment banking fees and income from unconsolidated subsidiaries, partially offset by an increase in deferred compensation asset returns. The decrease in income from unconsolidated subsidiaries primarily reflected the termination of a joint venture with a payment processor in the second quarter 2015 and was more than offset by the increase in merchant payment processing services revenue included in card fees.
The following table illustrates certain categories included in "other noninterest income" on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Customer derivative income
$
6

 
$
5

 
$
15

 
$
13

Deferred compensation asset returns (a)
2

 
(4
)
 
2

 
(2
)
Insurance commissions
3

 
2

 
8

 
7

Securities trading income

 
1

 
4

 
6

Investment banking fees
3

 
2

 
6

 
11

Risk management hedge income

 
3

 
4

 
2

Income from principal investing and warrants
3

 
5

 
5

 
6

Income (loss) from unconsolidated subsidiaries
(1
)
 

 
(2
)
 
3

All other noninterest income
13

 
11

 
33

 
33

Other noninterest income
$
29

 
$
25

 
$
75

 
$
79

(a)
Compensation deferred by the Corporation's officers and directors is invested based on investment selections of the officers and directors. Income earned on these assets is reported in noninterest income and the resulting change in deferred compensation plan liabilities is reported in salaries and benefits expense. Changes in income earned on deferred compensation assets are substantially offset by changes in deferred compensation plan expense.

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Noninterest Expenses
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Salaries and benefits expense
$
247

 
$
243

 
$
742

 
$
747

Outside processing fee expense
86

 
83

 
247

 
239

Net occupancy expense
40

 
41

 
117

 
118

Equipment expense
13

 
13

 
40

 
39

Restructuring charges
20

 

 
73

 

Software expense
31

 
26

 
90

 
73

FDIC insurance expense
14

 
9

 
39

 
27

Advertising expense
5

 
6

 
15

 
17

Litigation-related expense

 
(3
)
 

 
(32
)
Other noninterest expenses
37

 
39

 
106

 
117

Total noninterest expenses
$
493

 
$
457

 
$
1,469

 
$
1,345

Noninterest expenses increased $36 million to $493 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016, compared to $457 million for the same period in 2015. Noninterest expenses increased $16 million excluding the third quarter 2016 restructuring charges of $20 million. The remaining increase primarily reflected increases in technology-related software expense, FDIC insurance premiums and salaries and benefits expense. The increase in salaries and benefits expense of $4 million primarily reflected an increase in deferred compensation plan expense (offset by an increase in deferred compensation asset returns included in noninterest income).
Noninterest expenses increased $124 million to $1.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to $1.3 billion for the same period in 2015. Noninterest expenses increased $51 million excluding 2016 restructuring charges of $73 million. The remaining increase primarily reflected the benefit to 2015 from a $32 million net release of litigation reserves, increases in technology-related software expense, FDIC insurance premiums, and higher outside processing fee expense related to revenue generating activities, partially offset by a $6 million increase in benefit from the sales of leased assets included in other noninterest expenses and a decrease in salaries and benefits expense. The $5 million decrease in salaries and benefits expense primarily reflected a decrease in pension expense, partially offset by an increase in regular salaries, mostly due to the impact of merit increases and one more day in 2016, and an increase in deferred compensation plan expense.
For further information about restructuring charges associated with the GEAR Up initiative, see Note 13 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes was $64 million and $63 million for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $131 million and $188 million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2016 included a benefit of $4 million from the early termination of certain leveraged lease transactions. The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 included a benefit of $9 million from the early termination of certain leveraged lease transactions as well as a $4 million charge related to certain tax reserves.
STRATEGIC LINES OF BUSINESS
The Corporation's management accounting system assigns balance sheet and income statement items to each segment using certain methodologies, which are regularly reviewed and refined. These methodologies may be modified as the management accounting system is enhanced and changes occur in the organizational structure and/or product lines. Restructuring charges associated with the GEAR Up initiative were assigned to the segments based on the Corporation's segment reporting methodology, which is described in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements in the Corporation's 2015 Annual Report.
Effective January 1, 2016, in conjunction with the effective date for regulatory Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) requirements, the Corporation prospectively implemented an additional funds transfer pricing (FTP) charge, primarily for the cost of maintaining liquid assets to support potential draws on unfunded loan commitments and for the long-term economic cost of holding collateral for secured deposits.
Business Segments
The Corporation's operations are strategically aligned into three major business segments: the Business Bank, the Retail Bank and Wealth Management. These business segments are differentiated based upon the products and services provided. In addition to the three major business segments, Finance is also reported as a segment. The Other category includes items not directly associated with these business segments or the Finance segment. The performance of the business segments is not comparable

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with the Corporation's consolidated results and is not necessarily comparable with similar information for any other financial institution. Additionally, because of the interrelationships of the various segments, the information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities. Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements describes the business activities of each business segment and presents financial results of these business segments for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.
The following table presents net income (loss) by business segment.
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollar amounts in millions)
2016
 
2015
Business Bank
$
442

 
87
%
 
$
566

 
84
%
Retail Bank
10

 
2

 
48

 
7

Wealth Management
53

 
11

 
63

 
9

 
505

 
100
%
 
677

 
100
%
Finance
(191
)
 
 
 
(274
)
 
 
Other (a)
(1
)
 
 
 
2

 
 
Total
$
313

 
 
 
$
405

 
 
(a)    Includes items not directly associated with the three major business segments or the Finance Division.
The Business Bank's net income of $442 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased $124 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Net interest income of $1.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased $40 million compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily reflecting an increase in net funds transfer pricing (FTP) charges, partially offset by an increase in loan yields, the benefit provided by a $176 million increase in average loans and one additional day in 2016. The increase in net FTP charges primarily reflected an increase in the cost of funds due to the increase in short-term market rates, lower funding credits due to a $1.4 billion decrease in average deposits, and the new 2016 FTP charges for LCR as described above. The provision for credit losses increased $84 million to $200 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to the same period in the prior year. The increase in the provision primarily reflected the increased reserves for energy and energy-related loans. To a lesser extent, general Middle Market and Corporate Banking contributed to the increase in the provision. These increases were partially offset by improvements in credit quality in the remainder of the portfolio. Net credit-related charge-offs of $113 million increased $58 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily reflecting increases in Energy, partially offset by decreases in in general Middle Market and Technology and Life Sciences. Noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was unchanged from the comparable period in the prior year, primarily reflecting decreases of $5 million in investment banking fees, $5 million in income from unconsolidated subsidiaries (largely related to the exit in the second quarter 2015 from a joint venture that provided merchant payment processing services), and small decreases in several other categories of noninterest income, offset by a $15 million increase in card fees. Noninterest expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $72 million compared to the same period in the prior year. Excluding restructuring charges of $36 million and the impact of a $30 million net release of litigation reserves in second quarter 2015, noninterest expenses remained stable, primarily reflecting a $15 million increase in allocated corporate expenses, largely due to increased technology expenses, and higher FDIC insurance expense, partially offset by the benefit from a $6 million increase in gains from the sales of leased assets, lower salaries and benefits expense and smaller decreases in several other categories of noninterest expense.
Net income for the Retail Bank of $10 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased $38 million, compared to $48 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Net interest income of $466 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 remained unchanged compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily reflecting higher FTP funding costs due to an increase in short-term lending rates, partially offset by the benefit from a $105 million increase in average loans, an increase in loan yields and one additional day in 2016. The FTP benefit provided by a $692 million increase in average deposits was more than offset by a lower deposit crediting rate. The provision for credit losses increased $27 million to $13 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to a $14 million benefit in the comparable period in the prior year, primarily reflecting an increase in Small Business. Net credit-related charge-offs were $6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared to $3 million in the same period for the prior year. Noninterest income of $141 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $5 million compared to the comparable period in the prior year, primarily due to a $4 million increase in card fees and smaller increases in several other fee categories, partially offset by a $2 million increase in securities losses and a $2 million decrease in service charges on deposit accounts. Noninterest expenses of $579 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $37 million from the comparable period in the prior year. Excluding restructuring charges of $27 million, noninterest expense increased $10 million, primarily reflecting a $9 million increase in allocated corporate expenses and small increases in several categories of noninterest expenses, partially offset by a $7 million decrease in salaries and benefits expense.
Wealth Management's net income of $53 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased $10 million, compared to $63 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Net interest income of $128 million for the nine months

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ended September 30, 2016 decreased $5 million compared to the same period in the prior year, primarily reflecting higher FTP funding costs due to an increase in short-term lending rates, partially offset by the benefit from a $87 million increase in average loans and an increase in loan yields. The FTP benefit provided by a $55 million increase in average deposits was more than offset by a lower deposit crediting rate. The provision for credit losses was a benefit of $3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to a benefit of $13 million for the same period in the prior year, primarily due to the benefit to the prior year from net loan recoveries in Private Banking. Net credit-related charge-offs were $2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to net loan recoveries of $8 million in the same period for the prior year. Noninterest income of $181 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $4 million compared to the comparable period in the prior year, primarily reflecting a $2 million securities loss in the prior year period and smaller increases in several other fee categories. Noninterest expenses of $229 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $4 million from the comparable period in the prior year. Excluding restructuring charges of $10 million, noninterest expenses decreased $6 million, primarily reflecting a $6 million decrease in salaries and benefits expense as well as smaller increases in several other categories, partially offset by a $4 million increase in allocated corporate expenses.
The net loss in the Finance segment was $191 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to a net loss of $274 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Net interest expense of $346 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased $125 million, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily reflecting a decrease in net FTP expense as a result of higher rates charged to the business segments under the Corporation's internal FTP methodology, as well as an increase due to a larger investment securities portfolio.
Market Segments
Market segment results are provided for the Corporation's three largest geographic markets: Michigan, California and Texas. In addition to the three largest geographic markets, Other Markets is also reported as a market segment. The Finance & Other category includes the Finance segment and the Other category as previously described in the "Business Segments" section of this financial review. Note 14 to these consolidated financial statements presents a description of each of these market segments as well as the financial results for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.
The following table presents net income (loss) by market segment.
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(dollar amounts in millions)
2016
 
2015
Michigan
$
178

 
35
 %
 
$
242

 
36
%
California
198

 
40

 
206

 
30

Texas
(40
)
 
(8
)
 
81

 
12

Other Markets
169

 
33

 
148

 
22

 
505

 
100
 %
 
677

 
100
%
Finance & Other (a)
(192
)
 
 
 
(272
)
 
 
Total
$
313

 
 
 
$
405

 
 
(a)    Includes items not directly associated with the market segments.
The Michigan market's net income of $178 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased $64 million, compared to $242 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Net interest income of $509 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased $24 million from the comparable period in the prior year, primarily due to an increase in net FTP funding charges, reflecting higher FTP funding costs and the new FTP charges related to LCR, as well as lower FTP credits reflecting a lower deposit crediting rate and the impact of a $57 million decrease in average deposits, as well as the impact of a $605 million decrease in average loans, partially offset by an increase in loan yields and one more day in 2016. The provision for credit losses was $10 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to a benefit of $15 million for the comparable period in the prior year. The increase in the provision primarily reflected an increase in Corporate Banking, partially offset by a decrease in general Middle Market. Net credit-related charge-offs were $6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to $10 million for the comparable period in the prior year, primarily reflecting decreases in general Middle Market and Commercial Real Estate, partially offset by an increase in Corporate Banking. Noninterest income of $240 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased $9 million from the comparable period in the prior year, primarily reflecting a $3 million decrease in service charges on deposit accounts and small decreases in several noninterest income categories, partially offset by a $4 million increase in card fees. Noninterest expenses of $471 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $38 million from the comparable period in the prior year. Excluding restructuring charges of $20 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and the impact of a $30 million net release of litigation reserves in second quarter 2015, noninterest expenses decreased $12 million, primarily reflecting the benefit from a $6 million increase in gains from the sales of leased assets, a $6 million decrease in salaries and benefits expense and smaller decreases in most other noninterest expense categories.

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The California market's net income of $198 million decreased $8 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to $206 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Net interest income of $537 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased $5 million from the comparable period in the prior year, as an increase in net FTP funding charges, primarily for the same reasons as discussed above, were partially offset by the benefits provided by a $1.1 billion increase in average loans, higher loan yields, and one more day in 2016. Average deposits declined $411 million. The provision for credit losses was $8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to $24 million for the comparable period in the prior year, primarily reflecting a decrease in Technology and Life Sciences, partially offset by an increase in general Middle Market. Net credit-related charge-offs of $25 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $9 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily reflecting increases in general Middle Market and Private Banking, partially offset by a decrease in Technology and Life Sciences. Noninterest income of $120 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $11 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily reflecting increases of $4 million in card fees, $3 million in warrant income, and smaller increases in several other fee categories. Noninterest expenses of $333 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $35 million from the comparable period in the prior year. Excluding restructuring charges of $22 million, noninterest expense increased $13 million, primarily reflecting a $15 million increase in allocated corporate expenses, partially offset by smaller decreases in other noninterest expense categories.
The Texas market's net income decreased $121 million to a net loss of $40 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to net income of $81 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Net interest income of $360 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased $30 million from the comparable period in the prior year, primarily due to an increase in net FTP funding charges, primarily for the same reasons as discussed above and the impact of a $538 million decrease in average loans, partially offset by higher loan yields and one additional day in 2016. Average deposits decreased $812 million. The provision for credit losses of $199 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $125 million from the comparable period in the prior year, primarily reflecting increased reserves for energy and energy-related loans in the first quarter 2016, partially offset by a decrease in Technology and Life Sciences. Net credit-related charge-offs of $88 million for nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 increased $75 million compared to the nine- months ended September 30, 2015, primarily reflecting an increase in Energy. Noninterest income of $95 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased $4 million compared to the comparable period in the prior year, primarily due to a $4 million decrease in investment banking fees and a $3 million decrease in commercial lending fees, both declines largely driven by Energy, partially offset by a $3 million increase in card fees. Noninterest expenses of $316 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $30 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Excluding restructuring charges of $21 million, noninterest expense increased $9 million, primarily reflecting a $19 million increase in allocated corporate expenses, partially offset by a $7 million decrease in salaries and benefits expense.
Net income in Other Markets of $169 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $21 million compared to $148 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Net interest income of $265 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $14 million from the comparable period in the prior year, primarily due to the FTP benefit provided by a $615 million increase in average deposits, the benefit provided by a $440 million increase in average loans, an increase in loan yields and one additional day in 2016, partially offset by higher FTP funding costs due to an increase in short-term lending rates and the new FTP charges related to LCR. The provision for credit losses decreased $13 million to a benefit of $7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to a provision of $6 million for the same period in the prior year, primarily reflecting decreases in Corporate Banking, Mortgage Banker Finance, Environmental Services and Commercial Real Estate, partially offset by a increases in Private Banking and Small Business. Net credit-related charge-offs were $2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, compared to net charge-offs of $11 million for the comparable period in the prior year, primarily reflecting decreases in Corporate Banking and Technology and Life Sciences, partially offset by an increase in Private Banking, primarily due to a benefit to the prior year from net loan recoveries. Noninterest income of $293 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $11 million from the comparable period in the prior year, primarily reflecting a $9 million increase in card fees, a $2 million securities loss in the prior year period, and smaller increases in several other noninterest income categories, partially offset by a decrease in warrant income. Noninterest expenses of $332 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 increased $10 million compared to the same period in the prior year. Excluding restructuring charges of $10 million, noninterest expense was unchanged, as an $8 million increase in outside processing expenses tied to revenue generating activities was mostly offset by small decreases in several categories of noninterest expense.
The net loss for the Finance & Other category of $192 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 decreased $80 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2015. For further information, refer to the Finance segment discussion under the "Business Segments" subheading above.

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The following table lists the Corporation's banking centers by geographic market segment.
 
September 30,
 
2016
 
2015
Michigan
213

 
214

Texas
131

 
133

California
102

 
103

Other Markets:
 
 
 
Arizona
19

 
19

Florida
7

 
7

Canada
1

 
1

Total
473

 
477


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FINANCIAL CONDITION
Total assets were $74.1 billion at September 30, 2016, an increase of $2.2 billion from $71.9 billion at December 31, 2015, primarily reflecting increases of $1.8 billion in interest-bearing deposits with banks, $316 million in accrued income and other assets, and $190 million in total loans. On an average basis, total assets increased $1.0 billion to $72.9 billion in the third quarter 2016, compared to $71.9 billion in the fourth quarter 2015, resulting primarily from increases of $1.5 billion in average investment securities and $658 million in average loans, partially offset by a decrease of $1.3 billion in average interest-bearing deposits with banks.
The following tables provide information about the change in the Corporation's average loan portfolio in the third quarter 2016, compared to the fourth quarter 2015.
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
 
Percent
Change
(dollar amounts in millions)
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
Change
 
Average Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial loans by business line:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General Middle Market
$
9,763

 
$
10,009

 
$
(246
)
 
(2
)%
National Dealer Services
4,628

 
4,469

 
159

 
4

Energy
2,567

 
3,142

 
(575
)
 
(18
)
Technology and Life Sciences
2,974

 
3,156

 
(182
)
 
(6
)
Environmental Services
884

 
827

 
57

 
7

Entertainment
638

 
684

 
(46
)
 
(7
)
Total Middle Market
21,454

 
22,287

 
(833
)
 
(4
)
Corporate Banking
2,859

 
2,887

 
(28
)
 
(1
)
Mortgage Banker Finance
2,544

 
1,742

 
802

 
46

Commercial Real Estate
949

 
955

 
(6
)
 
(1
)
Total Business Bank commercial loans
27,806


27,871

 
(65
)
 

Total Retail Bank commercial loans
1,894

 
1,957

 
(63
)
 
(3
)
Total Wealth Management commercial loans
1,432

 
1,391

 
41

 
3

Total commercial loans
31,132

 
31,219

 
(87
)
 

Real estate construction loans
2,646

 
1,961

 
685

 
35

Commercial mortgage loans
9,012

 
8,842

 
170

 
2

Lease financing
662

 
750

 
(88
)
 
(12
)
International loans
1,349

 
1,402

 
(53
)
 
(4
)
Residential mortgage loans
1,883

 
1,896

 
(13
)
 
(1
)
Consumer loans
2,522

 
2,478

 
44

 
2

Total loans
$
49,206

 
$
48,548

 
$
658

 
1
 %
Average Loans By Geographic Market:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michigan
$
12,488

 
$
12,986

 
$
(498
)
 
(4
)%
California
17,637

 
17,033

 
604

 
4

Texas
10,566

 
10,894

 
(328
)
 
(3
)
Other Markets
8,515

 
7,635

 
880

 
12

Total loans
$
49,206

 
$
48,548

 
$
658

 
1
 %
In general, Middle Market serves customers with annual revenue between $20 million and $500 million, while Corporate serves customers with revenue over $500 million. Changes in average total loans by geographic market are provided in the table above.
Investment securities decreased $16 million to $12.5 billion at September 30, 2016, compared to December 31, 2015. Net unrealized gains on investment securities available-for-sale increased $140 million to a net unrealized gain of $168 million at September 30, 2016, compared to $28 million at December 31, 2015. On an average basis, investment securities increased $1.5 billion in the third quarter 2016, compared to the fourth quarter 2015, primarily reflecting the purchase of approximately $2.2 billion of U.S. Treasury securities in the fourth quarter 2015, largely from the reinvestment of Federal Reserve Bank deposits into higher yielding securities.
Total liabilities increased $2.1 billion to $66.4 billion at September 30, 2016, compared to $64.3 billion at December 31, 2015, primarily reflecting an increase of $2.8 billion in medium- and long-term debt, partially offset by a decrease of $592 million in total deposits. The increase in medium- and long-term debt primarily reflected the addition of $2.8 billion of 10-year, floating rate Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances during the second quarter 2016. The decrease in total deposits primarily reflected

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decreases of $1.1 billion in money market and interest-bearing checking deposits and $585 million in customer certificates of deposit partially offset by an increase of $937 million in noninterest-bearing deposits. On an average basis, total liabilities increased $938 million in the third quarter 2016, compared to the fourth quarter 2015, primarily due to the second quarter 2016 addition of $2.8 billion of FHLB advances, as discussed above, partially offset by a decrease of $1.7 billion in total deposits, comprising a $2.5 billion decrease in interest-bearing deposits and an increase of $827 million in noninterest-bearing deposits. The decrease in average total deposits primarily reflected seasonality, and, to a lesser extent, purposeful pricing discipline and strategic actions in light of new LCR rules, with the largest decreases in Corporate Banking ($1.4 billion), Municipalities ($717 million), and the Financial Services Division ($488 million) partially offset by increases in the remaining general Middle Market businesses ($550 million), Commercial Real Estate ($249 million), and Mortgage Banker Finance ($203 million). The Financial Services Division and Municipalities are included in general Middle Market.
Capital
Total shareholders' equity increased $167 million to $7.7 billion at September 30, 2016, compared to December 31, 2015. The following table presents a summary of changes in total shareholders' equity in the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
(in millions)
  
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2016
 
 
$
7,560

Net income
 
 
313

Cash dividends declared on common stock
 
 
(115
)
Purchase of common stock
 
 
(211
)
Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
Investment securities
$
90

 
 
Defined benefit and other postretirement plans
47

 
 
Total other comprehensive income
 
 
137

Issuance of common stock under employee stock plans
 
 
13

Share-based compensation
 
 
30

Balance at September 30, 2016
 
 
$
7,727

The Corporation periodically conducts stress tests to evaluate potential impacts to the Corporation's forecasted financial condition under various economic scenarios and business conditions. These stress tests are a normal part of the Corporation's overall risk management and capital planning process and are part of the forecasting process used by the Corporation to conduct the enterprise-wide stress test that was part of the Federal Reserve's Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR). For additional information about risk management processes, refer to the "Risk Management" sections of this financial review and the Corporation's 2015 Annual Report.
The Federal Reserve completed its 2016 CCAR review in June 2016 and did not object to the Corporation's 2016/2017 capital plan and capital distributions contemplated in the plan for the period ending June 30, 2017. The plan includes equity repurchases of up to $440 million for the four-quarter period commencing in the third quarter 2016 and ending in the second quarter 2017. In the third quarter 2016, the Corporation's repurchases under the equity repurchase program totaled $97 million. The timing and ultimate amount of future equity repurchases will be subject to various factors, including the Corporation's overall capital position, financial performance and market conditions, including interest rates. Restructuring charges associated with the GEAR Up initiative are not expected to impact the pace of repurchases.
    
On April 26, 2016 the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the Board) approved a 1-cent increase in the quarterly dividend to $0.22 per share, and on July 26, 2016, the Board further increased the quarterly dividend to $0.23 per share. Also on July 26, 2016 the Board authorized the repurchase of up to an additional 10.0 million shares of Comerica Incorporated outstanding common stock, in addition to the 5.7 million shares remaining at June 30, 2016 under the Board's prior authorizations for the equity repurchase program initially approved in November 2010. Including the July 26, 2016 authorization, a total of 50.3 million shares and 14.1 million warrants (12.1 million share-equivalents) have been authorized for repurchase under the equity repurchase program since its inception in 2010. There is no expiration date for the Corporation's equity repurchase program.




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Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the Corporation's repurchase activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
(shares in thousands)
Total Number of Shares and Warrants Purchased as 
Part of Publicly Announced Repurchase Plans or Programs (a)
 
Remaining
Repurchase
Authorization (b)
Total Number
of Shares and Warrants
Purchased (c)
 
Average Price
Paid Per 
Share
Total first quarter 2016
1,183

 
15,721

 
1,393

 
$
35.26

Total second quarter 2016
1,483

 
14,238

 
1,488

 
43.78

July 2016
501

 
23,737

(d)
512

 
45.47

August 2016
1,622

 
22,114

 
1,622

 
45.72

September 2016

 
22,114

 

 

Total third quarter 2016
2,123

 
22,114

 
2,134

 
45.66

Total 2016 year-to-date
4,789

 
22,114

 
5,015

 
$
42.22

(a)
The Corporation made no repurchases of warrants under the repurchase program during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
(b)
Maximum number of shares and warrants that may yet be purchased under the publicly announced plans or programs.
(c)
Includes approximately 226,000 shares purchased pursuant to deferred compensation plans and shares purchased from employees to pay for taxes related to restricted stock vesting under the terms of an employee share-based compensation plan and 26 shares purchased by affiliated purchasers through employee benefits plan transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. These transactions are not considered part of the Corporation's repurchase program.
(d)
Includes July 26, 2016 equity repurchase authorization for up to an additional 10 million shares.
The following table presents the minimum ratios required to be considered "adequately capitalized" as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
 
September 30, 2016
December 31, 2015
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
 
4.50
%
(a)
 
4.50
%
 
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighed assets
 
6.00

(a)
 
6.00

 
Total capital to risk-weighted assets
 
8.00

(a)
 
8.00

 
Capital conservation buffer
 
0.625

(a)
 

 
Tier 1 capital to adjusted average assets (leverage ratio)
 
4.00

 
 
4.00

 
(a)
In addition to the minimum risk-based capital requirements, the Corporation is required to maintain a minimum capital conservation buffer, in the form of common equity, in order to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and discretionary bonuses. The required amount of the capital conservation buffer is being phased in beginning at 0.625% on January 1, 2016 and ultimately increasing to 2.5% on January 1, 2019.
The Corporation's capital ratios exceeded minimum regulatory requirements as follows:
 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(dollar amounts in millions)
Capital/Assets
 
Ratio
 
Capital/Assets
 
Ratio
Common equity tier 1 and tier 1 risk based (a)
$
7,378

 
10.68
%
 
$
7,350

 
10.54
%
Total risk-based (a)
8,860

 
12.82

 
8,852

 
12.69

Leverage (a)
7,378

 
10.14

 
7,350

 
10.22

Common equity
7,727

 
10.42

 
7,560

 
10.52

Tangible common equity (b)
7,081

 
9.64

 
6,911

 
9.70

Risk-weighted assets (a)
69,100

 
 
 
69,731

 
 
(a)
September 30, 2016 capital, risk-weighted assets and ratios are estimated.
(b)
See Supplemental Financial Data section for reconcilements of non-GAAP financial measures.
RISK MANAGEMENT
The following updated information should be read in conjunction with the "Risk Management" section on pages F-24 through F-39 in the Corporation's 2015 Annual Report.
Credit Risk
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses includes both the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments. The allowance for loan losses represents management's assessment of probable, estimable losses inherent in the Corporation's loan portfolio. The allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments, included in "accrued expenses and other liabilities" on the consolidated balance sheets, provides for probable losses inherent in lending-related commitments, including unused commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit.

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U.S. economic data for the third quarter of 2016 was consistent with an ongoing moderate expansion, following weaker Gross Domestic Product growth through the first half of the year. Job growth and employment rates continued to improve. Energy price levels remained stable. Looking ahead, the Corporation expects the U.S economy to continue to expand at a moderate pace through the end of 2016 and into 2017.
The allowance for loan losses was $727 million at September 30, 2016, compared to $634 million at December 31, 2015, an increase of $93 million, or 15 percent. The increase in the allowance for loan losses resulted primarily from a significant increase in reserves for energy and energy-related loans, partially offset by improved credit quality in the remainder of the portfolio. The increase in reserves for energy and energy-related loans reflected additional negative migration into criticized loans, primarily in the first quarter 2016, due to the deteriorating financial condition and increasing leverage of these borrowers, as well as an increased loss estimate in the event of default.
The allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments includes specific allowances, based on individual evaluations of certain letters of credit in a manner consistent with business loans, and allowances based on the pool of the remaining letters of credit and all unused commitments to extend credit within each internal risk rating. The allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments was $45 million at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
For additional information regarding the allowance for credit losses, refer to page F-40 in the "Critical Accounting Policies" section and pages F-56 through F-58 in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements of the Corporation's 2015 Annual Report. For additional information regarding energy and energy-related exposures, refer to "Energy Lending" subheading later in this section.
Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets include loans on nonaccrual status, troubled debt restructured loans (TDRs) which have been renegotiated to less than the original contractual rates (reduced-rate loans) and foreclosed property. TDRs include performing and nonperforming loans. Nonperforming TDRs are either on nonaccrual or reduced-rate status.
The following table presents a summary of nonperforming assets and past due loans.
(dollar amounts in millions)
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Nonaccrual loans:
 
 
 
Business loans:
 
 
 
Commercial
$
508

 
$
238

Real estate construction

 
1

Commercial mortgage
44

 
60

Lease financing
6

 
6

International
19

 
8

Total nonaccrual business loans
577

 
313

Retail loans:
 
 
 
Residential mortgage
23

 
27

Consumer:
 
 
 
Home equity
27

 
27

Other consumer
4

 

Total consumer
31

 
27

Total nonaccrual retail loans
54

 
54

Total nonaccrual loans
631

 
367

Reduced-rate loans
8

 
12

Total nonperforming loans
639

 
379

Foreclosed property
21

 
12

Total nonperforming assets
$
660

 
$
391

Nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans
1.30
%
 
0.77
%
Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total loans and foreclosed property
1.34

 
0.80

Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total nonperforming loans
114

 
167

Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing
$
48

 
$
17

Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing as a percentage of total loans
0.10
%
 
0.03
%
Nonperforming assets increased $269 million to $660 million at September 30, 2016, from $391 million at December 31, 2015. The increase in nonperforming assets primarily reflected an increase of $274 million in nonaccrual energy and energy-related loans. Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total loans and foreclosed property was 1.34 percent at September 30, 2016, compared to 0.80 percent at December 31, 2015.

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The following table presents a summary of TDRs at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
(in millions)
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Nonperforming TDRs:
 
 
 
Nonaccrual TDRs
$
239

 
$
100

Reduced-rate TDRs
8

 
12

Total nonperforming TDRs
247

 
112

Performing TDRs (a)
140

 
128

Total TDRs
$
387

 
$
240

(a)
TDRs that do not include a reduction in the original contractual interest rate which are performing in accordance with their modified terms.
At September 30, 2016, nonaccrual TDRs and performing TDRs included $157 million and $94 million of energy and energy-related loans, respectively, increases of $96 million and $14 million, respectively, compared to December 31, 2015.
The following table presents a summary of changes in nonaccrual loans.
 
Three Months Ended
(in millions)
September 30, 2016
 
June 30, 2016
 
March 31, 2016
Balance at beginning of period
$
605

 
$
681

 
$
367

Loans transferred to nonaccrual (a)
105

 
107

 
446

Nonaccrual business loan gross charge-offs (b)
(34
)
 
(52
)
 
(75
)
Nonaccrual business loans sold (c)
(2
)
 
(40
)
 
(21
)
Payments/other (d)
(43
)
 
(91
)
 
(36
)
Balance at end of period
$
631

 
$
605

 
$
681

(a) Based on an analysis of nonaccrual loans with book balances greater than $2 million.
(b) Analysis of gross loan charge-offs:
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual business loans
$
34

 
$
52

 
$
75

Performing business loans

 

 

Retail loans
1

 
2

 
2

Total gross loan charge-offs
$
35

 
$
54

 
$
77

(c) Analysis of loans sold:
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual business loans
$
2

 
$
40

 
$
21

Performing criticized loans

 

 

Total criticized loans sold
$
2

 
$
40

 
$
21

(d) Includes net changes related to nonaccrual loans with balances less than $2 million, payments on nonaccrual loans with book balances greater than $2 million, transfers of nonaccrual loans to foreclosed property and retail loan gross charge-offs. Excludes business loan gross charge-offs and nonaccrual business loans sold.
There were nine borrowers with balances greater than $2 million, totaling $105 million, transferred to nonaccrual status in the third quarter 2016, a decrease of $2 million when compared to $107 million in the second quarter 2016. Of the transfers to nonaccrual greater than $2 million in the third quarter 2016, $92 million were energy and energy-related loans, compared to $66 million in the second quarter 2016.
The following table presents the composition of nonaccrual loans by balance and the related number of borrowers at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(dollar amounts in millions)
Number of
Borrowers
 
Balance
 
Number of
Borrowers
 
Balance
Under $2 million
1,187

 
$
101

 
1,300

 
$
112

$2 million - $5 million
14

 
47

 
12

 
34

$5 million - $10 million
9

 
68

 
8

 
57

$10 million - $25 million
14

 
243

 
4

 
58

Greater than $25 million
5

 
172

 
3

 
106

Total
1,229

 
$
631

 
1,327

 
$
367


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The following table presents a summary of nonaccrual loans at September 30, 2016 and loans transferred to nonaccrual and net loan charge-offs for the three months ended September 30, 2016, based primarily on North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) categories.
 
September 30, 2016
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2016
(dollar amounts in millions)
Nonaccrual Loans
 
Loans Transferred to
Nonaccrual (a)
 
Net Loan Charge-Offs (Recoveries)
Industry Category
 
 
Mining, Quarrying and Oil & Gas Extraction (b)
$
387

 
60
%
 
$
62

 
60
%
 
$
5

 
27
 %
Manufacturing (b)
50

 
8

 

 

 
2

 
14

Services (b)
37

 
6

 
6

 
5

 
4

 
28

Residential Mortgage
23

 
4

 

 

 

 

Wholesale Trade (b)
23

 
4

 
11

 
10

 
(3
)
 
(19
)
Health Care & Social Assistance
19

 
3

 

 

 

 

Real Estate & Home Builders
17

 
3

 

 

 
(1
)
 
(5
)
Contractors (b)
16

 
3

 
19

 
18

 
4

 
23

Transportation & Warehousing (b)
7

 
1

 

 

 
1

 
8

Retail
6

 
1

 
4

 
4

 

 

Holding & Other Investment Companies
6

 
1

 

 

 

 

Utilities
1

 

 

 

 
1

 
6

Other (c)
39

 
6

 
3

 
3

 
3

 
18

Total
$
631

 
100
%
 
$
105

 
100
%
 
$
16

 
100
 %
(a)
Based on an analysis of nonaccrual loans with book balances greater than $2 million.
(b)
Included nonaccrual energy and energy-related loans of approximately $387 million in Mining, Quarrying and Oil & Gas Extraction, $15 million in Contractors, $14 million in Services, $9 million in Wholesale Trade, $7 million in Transportation & Warehousing, and $3 million in Manufacturing at September 30, 2016.
(c)
Consumer, excluding residential mortgage and certain personal purpose nonaccrual loans and net charge-offs, are included in the “Other” category.
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest generally represent loans that are well collateralized and in a continuing process of collection. Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest were $48 million at September 30, 2016 compared to $17 million at December 31, 2015. Loans past due 30-89 days increased $32 million to $161 million at September 30, 2016, compared to $129 million at December 31, 2015. An aging analysis of loans included in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements provides further information about the balances comprising past due loans.
The following table presents a summary of total criticized loans. The Corporation's criticized list is consistent with the Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful categories defined by regulatory authorities. Criticized loans with balances of $2 million or more on nonaccrual status or whose terms have been modified in a TDR are individually subjected to quarterly credit quality reviews, and the Corporation may establish specific allowances for such loans. A table of loans by credit quality indicator included in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements provides further information about the balances comprising total criticized loans.
(dollar amounts in millions)
September 30, 2016
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Total criticized loans
$
3,261

 
$
3,551

 
$
3,193

As a percentage of total loans
6.6
%
 
7.0
%
 
6.5
%
The $68 million increase in criticized loans in the nine months ended September 30, 2016 included an increase of $259 million of energy and energy-related loans. For further information about criticized energy and energy-related loans, refer to the "Energy Lending" subheading later in this section.
The following table presents a summary of changes in foreclosed property.
 
Three Months Ended
(in millions)
September 30, 2016
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Balance at beginning of period
$
22

 
$
25

 
$
12

Acquired in foreclosure
2

 
2

 
3

Foreclosed property sold (a)
(3
)
 
(5
)
 
(3
)
Balance at end of period
$
21

 
$
22

 
$
12

(a) Net gain on foreclosed property sold
$
1

 
$
1

 
$
2


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Commercial Real Estate Lending
The following table summarizes the Corporation's commercial real estate loan portfolio by loan category.
(in millions)
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Real estate construction loans:
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (a)
$
2,382

 
$
1,681

Other business lines (b)
361

 
320

Total real estate construction loans
$
2,743

 
$
2,001

Commercial mortgage loans:
 
 
 
Commercial Real Estate business line (a)
$
2,185

 
$
2,104

Other business lines (b)
6,828

 
6,873

Total commercial mortgage loans
$
9,013

 
$
8,977

(a)
Primarily loans to real estate developers.
(b)
Primarily loans secured by owner-occupied real estate.
The Corporation limits risk inherent in its commercial real estate lending activities by limiting exposure to those borrowers directly involved in the commercial real estate markets and adhering to conservative policies on loan-to-value ratios for such loans. Commercial real estate loans, consisting of real estate construction and commercial mortgage loans, totaled $11.8 billion at September 30, 2016, of which $4.6 billion, or 39 percent, were to borrowers in the Commercial Real Estate business line, which includes loans to real estate developers, an increase of $782 million compared to December 31, 2015. The growth in Commercial Real Estate primarily reflected construction draws and term financing, mainly with existing customers who are proven developers, on projects with favorable risk characteristics (predominantly multifamily projects located in California and Texas). The remaining $7.2 billion, or 61 percent, of commercial real estate loans in other business lines consisted primarily of owner-occupied commercial mortgages, which bear credit characteristics similar to non-commercial real estate business loans. In the Texas market, commercial real estate loans totaled $3.1 billion at September 30, 2016, of which $1.7 billion were to borrowers in the Commercial Real Estate business line. Substantially all of the remaining $1.4 billion were owner-occupied commercial mortgages. Loans in the Commercial Real Estate business line secured by properties located in Texas totaled $1.4 billion at September 30, 2016, primarily including $899 million for multifamily properties and $225 million for retail properties. No loans in the Commercial Real Estate business line that were secured by properties located in Texas were on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2016.
The real estate construction loan portfolio primarily contains loans made to long-tenured customers with satisfactory completion experience. Credit quality in the real estate construction loan portfolio remained strong, with no loans on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2016 compared to $1 million at December 31, 2015, and no real estate construction loan charge-offs in either of the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015.
Loans in the commercial mortgage portfolio generally mature within three to five years. Of the $2.2 billion and $2.1 billion of commercial mortgage loans in the Commercial Real Estate business line outstanding at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, $8 million and $16 million were on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Commercial mortgage loan net recoveries in the Commercial Real Estate business line were $10 million and $3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. In other business lines, $36 million and $44 million of commercial mortgage loans were on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Commercial mortgage loan net recoveries in other business lines were $5 million and $3 million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Residential Real Estate Lending
The following table summarizes the Corporation's residential mortgage and home equity loan portfolios by geographic market.
 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(dollar amounts in millions)
Residential
Mortgage
Loans
 
% of
Total
 
Home
Equity
Loans
 
% of
Total
 
Residential
Mortgage
Loans
 
% of
Total
 
Home
Equity
Loans
 
% of
Total
Geographic market:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michigan
$
375

 
20
%
 
$
762

 
43
%
 
$
387

 
21
%
 
$
785

 
46
%
California
905

 
48

 
675

 
38

 
874

 
47

 
611

 
35

Texas
336

 
18

 
295

 
16

 
325

 
17

 
269

 
16

Other Markets
258

 
14

 
60

 
3

 
284

 
15

 
55

 
3

Total
$
1,874

 
100
%
 
$
1,792

 
100
%
 
$
1,870

 
100
%
 
$
1,720

 
100
%
Residential real estate loans, which consist of residential mortgages and home equity loans and lines of credit, totaled $3.7 billion at September 30, 2016. Residential mortgages totaled $1.9 billion at September 30, 2016, and were primarily larger,

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variable-rate mortgages originated and retained for certain private banking relationship customers. Of the $1.9 billion of residential mortgage loans outstanding, $23 million were on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2016. The home equity portfolio totaled $1.8 billion at September 30, 2016, of which $1.7 billion was outstanding under primarily variable-rate, interest-only home equity lines of credit, $132 million were on amortizing status and $44 million were closed-end home equity loans. Of the $1.8 billion of home equity loans outstanding, $27 million were on nonaccrual status at September 30, 2016. A majority of the home equity portfolio was secured by junior liens at September 30, 2016. The residential real estate portfolio is principally located within the Corporation's primary geographic markets. Substantially all residential real estate loans past due 90 days or more are placed on nonaccrual status, and substantially all junior lien home equity loans that are current or less than 90 days past due are placed on nonaccrual status if full collection of the senior position is in doubt. At no later than 180 days past due, such loans are charged off to current appraised values less costs to sell.
Energy Lending
The Corporation has a portfolio of energy and energy-related loans that are included primarily in "commercial loans" in the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation has over 30 years of experience in energy lending, with a focus on middle market companies in the oil and gas business. Customers in the Corporation's Energy business line (approximately 200 relationships) are engaged in three segments of the oil and gas business: exploration and production (E&P) (72 percent), midstream (14 percent) and energy services (14 percent). E&P generally includes such activities as searching for potential oil and gas fields, drilling exploratory wells and operating active wells. Commitments to E&P borrowers are subject to semi-annual borrowing base re-determinations based on a variety of factors including updated pricing (reflecting market and competitive conditions), energy reserve levels and the impact of hedging. The midstream sector is generally involved in the transportation, storage and marketing of crude and/or refined oil and gas products. The Corporation's energy services customers provide products and services primarily to the E&P segment. About 95 percent of the loans in the Energy business line are Shared National Credits (SNC), which are facilities greater than $20 million shared by three or more federally supervised institutions, reflecting the Corporation's focus on larger middle market companies that have financing needs that generally exceed internal individual borrower credit risk limits. The Corporation seeks to develop full relationships with SNC borrowers.
In addition to oil and gas loans in the Energy business line, the Corporation is monitoring a portfolio of loans in other lines of business to companies that have a sizable portion of their revenue related to oil and gas or could be otherwise disproportionately negatively impacted by prolonged lower oil and gas prices ("energy-related"), primarily in general Middle Market, Corporate Banking, Small Business, and Technology and Life Sciences. These companies include downstream businesses such as refineries and petrochemical companies, companies that sell products to E&P, midstream and energy services companies, companies involved in developing new technologies for the oil and gas industry, and other similar businesses.
The following table summarizes information about the Corporation's portfolio of energy and energy-related loans.
 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(dollar amounts in millions)
Outstandings
Nonaccrual
Criticized
 
Outstandings
Nonaccrual
Criticized
Exploration and production (E&P)
$
1,773

72
%
344

$
1,172

 
$
2,111

69
%
$
108

$
967

Midstream
352

14

7

59

 
479

15


42

Services
332

14

27

242

 
480

16

24

235

Total Energy business line
2,457

100
%
378

1,473

 
3,070

100
%
132

1,244

Energy-related
420

 
57

217

 
624

 
29

187

Total energy and energy-related
$
2,877

 
$
435

$
1,690

 
$
3,694

 
$
161

$
1,431

As a percentage of total energy and energy-related loans
15
%
58
%
 


 
4
%
38
%

Loans in the Energy business line were $2.5 billion, or approximately 5 percent of total loans, at September 30, 2016 and $3.1 billion, or approximately 6 percent of total loans, at December 31, 2015, a decrease of $613 million, or 20 percent. Total exposure, including unused commitments to extend credit and letters of credit, was $5.0 billion and $6.1 billion at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The decrease in total exposure in the Energy business line primarily reflected reduced borrowing bases as a result of the spring re-determinations for E&P borrowers, resulting in about a 22 percent average reduction in total commitment for the portion reviewed, while the decrease in outstandings largely reflected energy customers taking actions to adjust their cash flow and reduce their bank debt. Energy-related outstandings were approximately $420 million at September 30, 2016 (approximately 90 relationships), a decrease of $204 million, or 33 percent, compared to December 31, 2015.
Criticized energy and energy-related loans increased $259 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016. The increase in criticized loans largely reflected additional negative migration due to the deteriorating financial condition and increasing leverage of these borrowers. Energy and energy-related loans on nonaccrual status increased $274 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2016, to $435 million at September 30, 2016. These metrics reflect results of the SNC exam issued in early October 2016. Energy and energy-related net credit-related charge-offs totaled $13 million and $91 million for the three- and nine-

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month periods ended September 30, 2016, respectively, compared to net charge-offs of $9 million and $13 million for the same periods in 2015. Net credit-related charge-offs of $91 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 included $20 million from E&P, $9 million from midstream, $51 million from energy services and $11 million from the energy-related portfolio. Substantially all of the net charge-offs during the same period 2015 were from the energy-related portfolio.
The Corporation's allowance methodology carefully considers the various risk elements within the loan portfolio. At September 30, 2016, the reserve allocation for energy and energy-related loans exceeded 8 percent of total energy and energy-related loans. The reserve allocation for energy and energy-related loans appropriately incorporated the changing dynamics in energy and energy-related loans described above, including, but not limited to, migration in the portfolio and the value of collateral considered in determining estimated loss given default. The Corporation continued to incorporate a qualitative reserve component for energy and energy-related loans at September 30, 2016. Refer to the “Allowance for Credit Losses” subheading earlier in this section for a discussion of changes in the allowance for loan losses as a result of the above-described events.
Automotive Lending
Substantially all dealer loans are in the National Dealer Services business line. Loans in the National Dealer Services business line include floor plan financing and other loans to automotive dealerships. Floor plan loans, included in “commercial loans” in the consolidated balance sheets, totaled $3.8 billion at September 30, 2016, a decrease of $124 million compared to $3.9 billion at December 31, 2015. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, other loans to automotive dealers in the National Dealer Services business line totaled $2.5 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively, including $1.6 billion and $1.7 billion of owner-occupied commercial real estate mortgage loans at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Automotive lending also includes loans to borrowers involved with automotive production, primarily Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers. Loans to borrowers involved with automotive production totaled approximately $1.3 billion at both September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
International Exposure
International assets are subject to general risks inherent in the conduct of business in foreign countries, including economic uncertainties and each foreign government's regulations. Risk management practices minimize the risk inherent in international lending arrangements. These practices include structuring bilateral agreements or participating in bank facilities, which secure repayment from sources external to the borrower's country. Accordingly, such international outstandings are excluded from the cross-border risk of that country.
The Corporation's international strategy is to focus on international companies doing business in North America, with an emphasis on the Corporation's primary geographic markets.
The following table summarizes cross-border exposure to entities domiciled in European countries at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
(in millions)
 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
European exposure:
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
 
$
276

 
$
285

Banks and other financial institutions
 
5

 
35

Total outstanding
 
281

 
320

Unfunded commitments and guarantees
 
371

 
456

Total European exposure (a)
 
$
652

 
$
776

(a)
Primarily United Kingdom and the Netherlands. The Corporation had no exposure to Greece, Portugal or Ireland at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.
For further discussion of credit risk, see the "Credit Risk" section of pages F-24 through F-33 in the Corporation's 2015 Annual Report.
Market and Liquidity Risk
Market risk represents the risk of loss due to adverse movements in market rates or prices, including interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and commodity and equity prices. Liquidity risk represents the failure to meet financial obligations coming due resulting from an inability to liquidate assets or obtain adequate funding, and the inability to easily unwind or offset specific exposures without significant changes in pricing, due to inadequate market depth or market disruptions.
The Asset and Liability Policy Committee (ALCO) of the Corporation establishes and monitors compliance with the policies and risk limits pertaining to market and liquidity risk management activities. ALCO meets regularly to discuss and review market and liquidity risk management strategies, and consists of executive and senior management from various areas of the Corporation, including treasury, finance, economics, lending, deposit gathering and risk management. The Treasury Department

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mitigates market and liquidity risk under the direction of ALCO through the actions it takes to manage the Corporation's market, liquidity and capital positions.
Market Risk Analytics, within the Office of Enterprise Risk, supports ALCO in measuring, monitoring and managing interest rate risk and coordinating all other market risks. Key activities encompass: (i) providing information and analysis of the Corporation's balance sheet structure and measurement of interest rate and all other market risks; (ii) monitoring and reporting of the Corporation's positions relative to established policy limits and guidelines; (iii) developing and presenting analyses and strategies to adjust risk positions; (iv) reviewing and presenting policies and authorizations for approval; (v) monitoring of industry trends and analytical tools to be used in the management of interest rate and all other market risks; and (vi) developing and monitoring the interest rate risk economic capital estimate.
Interest Rate Risk
Net interest income is the primary source of revenue for the Corporation. Interest rate risk arises in the normal course of business due to differences in the repricing and cash flow characteristics of assets and liabilities, primarily through the Corporation's core business activities of extending loans and acquiring deposits. The Corporation's balance sheet is predominantly characterized by floating-rate loans funded by a combination of core deposits and wholesale borrowings. Approximately 90 percent of the Corporation's loans were floating at September 30, 2016, of which approximately 80 percent were based on LIBOR and 20 percent were based on Prime. This creates sensitivity to interest rate movements due to the imbalance between the floating-rate loan portfolio and the more slowly repricing deposit products. In addition, growth and/or contraction in the Corporation's loans and deposits may lead to changes in sensitivity to interest rate movements in the absence of mitigating actions. Examples of such actions are purchasing investment securities, primarily fixed-rate, which provide liquidity to the balance sheet and act to mitigate the inherent interest sensitivity, and hedging the sensitivity with interest rate swaps. The Corporation actively manages its exposure to interest rate risk, with the principal objective of optimizing net interest income and the economic value of equity while operating within acceptable limits established for interest rate risk and maintaining adequate levels of funding and liquidity.
Since no single measurement system satisfies all management objectives, a combination of techniques is used to manage interest rate risk. These techniques examine the impact of interest rate risk on net interest income and the economic value of equity under a variety of alternative scenarios, including changes in the level, slope and shape of the yield curve, utilizing multiple simulation analyses. Simulation analyses produce only estimates of net interest income, as the assumptions used are inherently uncertain. Actual results may differ from simulated results due to many factors, including, but not limited to, the timing, magnitude and frequency of changes in interest rates, market conditions, regulatory impacts and management strategies.
Sensitivity of Net Interest Income to Changes in Interest Rates
The analysis of the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income under various interest rate scenarios is management's principal risk management technique. Management models a base case net interest income under an unchanged interest rate environment and what is believed to be the most likely balance sheet structure. Existing derivative instruments entered into for risk management purposes are included in the analysis, but no additional hedging is currently forecasted. These derivative instruments currently comprise interest rate swaps that convert fixed-rate long-term debt to variable rates. This base case net interest income is then compared against interest rate scenarios in which rates rise or decline in a linear, non-parallel fashion from the base case over 12 months. In the scenarios presented, short-term interest rates increase 200 basis points, resulting in an average increase in short-term interest rates of 100 basis points over the period (+200 scenario). Due to the current low level of interest rates, the analysis reflects a declining interest rate scenario of a 50 basis point drop in short-term interest rates, to zero percent.
Each scenario includes assumptions such as loan growth, investment security prepayment levels, depositor behavior, yield curve changes, loan and deposit pricing, and overall balance sheet mix and growth. In the +200 scenario, assumptions related to loan growth are based on historical experience. Because deposit balances have continued to grow significantly in this persistent low rate environment, historical depositor behavior may be less indicative of future trends. As a result, the +200 scenario reflects a greater decrease in deposits than we have experienced historically as rates begin to rise. Investment securities modeling includes the replacement of prepayments and expected funding maturities. In addition, the model reflects deposit pricing based on historical price movements with short-term interest rates, and loan spreads are held at current levels. Changes in actual economic activity may result in a materially different interest rate environment as well as a balance sheet structure that is different from the changes management included in its simulation analysis.

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The table below, as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, displays the estimated impact on net interest income during the next 12 months by relating the base case scenario results to those from the rising and declining rate scenarios described above.
 
Estimated Annual Change
 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Change in Interest Rates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rising 200 basis points
$
208

 
12
 %
 
$
212

 
12
 %
Declining to zero percent
(87
)
 
(5
)
 
(88
)
 
(5
)
Sensitivity decreased slightly from December 31, 2015 to September 30, 2016 primarily due to changes in loan and deposit balances from a revised forecast. The risk to declining interest rates is limited by an assumed floor on interest rates of zero percent.
Sensitivity of Economic Value of Equity to Changes in Interest Rates
In addition to the simulation analysis on net interest income, an economic value of equity analysis provides an alternative view of the interest rate risk position. The economic value of equity is the difference between the estimate of the economic value of the Corporation's financial assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet instruments, derived through discounting cash flows based on actual rates at the end of the period and the estimated economic value after applying the estimated impact of rate movements. The economic value of equity analysis is based on an immediate parallel 200 basis point increase and 50 basis point decrease in interest rates.
The table below, as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, displays the estimated impact on the economic value of equity from the interest rate scenario described above.
 
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Amount
 
%
 
Amount
 
%
Change in Interest Rates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rising 200 basis points
$
1,312

 
12
 %
 
$
1,021

 
9
 %
Declining to zero percent
(676
)
 
(6
)
 
(538
)
 
(5
)
The change in the sensitivity of the economic value of equity to a 200 basis point parallel increase in rates between December 31, 2015 and September 30, 2016 was primarily driven by changes in market interest rates at the middle to long end of the curve, which most significantly impact mortgage-backed security prepayments and the value of deposits without a stated maturity. Additionally, changes in actual deposit mix over the period impacted the results modestly.
Wholesale Funding
The Corporation may access the purchased funds market when necessary, which includes foreign office time deposits and short-term borrowings. Capacity for incremental purchased funds at September 30, 2016 included short-term FHLB advances, the ability to purchase federal funds, sell securities under agreements to repurchase, as well as issue deposits to institutional investors and issue certificates of deposit through brokers. Purchased funds totaled $42 million at September 30, 2016, compared to $55 million at December 31, 2015. At September 30, 2016, the Bank had pledged loans totaling $23.3 billion which provided for up to $18.7 billion of available collateralized borrowing with the FRB.
The Bank is a member of the FHLB of Dallas, Texas, which provides short- and long-term funding to its members through advances collateralized by real estate-related assets. Actual borrowing capacity is contingent on the amount of collateral available to be pledged to the FHLB. At September 30, 2016, $15.3 billion of real estate-related loans were pledged to the FHLB as blanket collateral for current and potential future borrowings. As of September 30, 2016, the Corporation had $2.8 billion of outstanding borrowings from the FHLB maturing in 2026, and capacity for potential future borrowings of approximately $3.8 billion.
In the second quarter 2016, the Bank borrowed $2.8 billion of 10-year, floating-rate FHLB advances due 2026. The interest rate on each of eight notes resets every four weeks, based on the FHLB auction rate, with the reset date of each note scheduled at one-week intervals. Each note may be prepaid in full, without penalty, at each scheduled reset date. Proceeds were used for general corporate purposes, including to provide cost-effective funding for upcoming debt maturities.
Additionally, as of September 30, 2016 the Bank had the ability to issue up to $14 billion of debt under an existing $15 billion note program which allows the issuance of debt with maturities between three months and 30 years.The Corporation also maintains a shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission from which it may issue debt and/or equity securities.

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The ability of the Corporation and the Bank to raise funds at competitive rates is impacted by rating agencies' views of the credit quality, liquidity, capital and earnings of the Corporation and the Bank. As of September 30, 2016, the four major rating agencies had assigned the following ratings to long-term senior unsecured obligations of the Corporation and the Bank. A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. Each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.
 
Comerica Incorporated
 
Comerica Bank
September 30, 2016
Rating
Outlook
 
Rating
Outlook
Standard and Poor’s
BBB+
Negative
 
A-
Negative
Moody’s Investors Service
A3
Negative
 
A3
Negative
Fitch Ratings
A
Negative
 
A
Negative
DBRS
A
Stable
 
A (High)
Stable
The Corporation satisfies liquidity requirements with either liquid assets or various funding sources. Liquid assets totaled $19.1 billion at September 30, 2016, compared to $16.4 billion at December 31, 2015. Liquid assets include cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, interest-bearing deposits with banks, other short-term investments and unencumbered investment securities.
In September 2014, U.S. banking regulators issued a final rule implementing a quantitative liquidity requirement in the U.S. generally consistent with the LCR minimum liquidity measure established under the Basel III liquidity framework. Under the rule, the Corporation is subject to a modified LCR standard, which requires a financial institution to hold a minimum level of high-quality liquid assets to fully cover modified net cash outflows under a 30-day systematic liquidity stress scenario. The rule was effective for the Corporation on January 1, 2016. During the transition year, 2016, the Corporation is required to maintain a minimum LCR of 90 percent. Beginning January 1, 2017, and thereafter, the minimum required LCR will be 100 percent. At September 30, 2016, the Corporation was in compliance with the fully phased-in LCR requirement, plus a buffer.
In the second quarter 2016, U.S. banking regulators issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (the proposed rule) implementing a second quantitative liquidity requirement in the U.S. generally consistent with the Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) minimum liquidity measure established under the Basel III liquidity framework. Under the proposed rule, the Corporation will be subject to a modified NSFR standard effective January 1, 2018, which requires a financial institution to hold a minimum level of available longer-term, stable sources of funding to fully cover a modified amount of required longer-term stable funding, over a one-year period. The Corporation does not currently expect the proposed rule to have a material impact on its liquidity needs.
The Corporation regularly evaluates its ability to meet funding needs in unanticipated, stressed environments. In conjunction with the quarterly 200 basis point interest rate simulation analyses, discussed in the “Interest Rate Sensitivity” section of this financial review, liquidity ratios and potential funding availability are examined. Each quarter, the Corporation also evaluates its ability to meet liquidity needs under a series of broad events, distinguished in terms of duration and severity. The evaluation as of September 30, 2016 projected that sufficient sources of liquidity were available under each series of events.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Corporation’s consolidated financial statements are prepared based on the application of accounting policies, the most significant of which are described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Corporation's 2015 Annual Report. These policies require numerous estimates and strategic or economic assumptions, which may prove inaccurate or subject to variations. Changes in underlying factors, assumptions or estimates could have a material impact on the Corporation’s future financial condition and results of operations. At December 31, 2015, the most critical of these significant accounting policies were the policies related to the allowance for credit losses, fair value measurement, goodwill, pension plan accounting and income taxes. These policies were reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Corporation’s Board of Directors and are discussed more fully on pages F-40 through F-43 in the Corporation's 2015 Annual Report. As of the date of this report, there have been no significant changes to the Corporation's critical accounting policies or estimates, except as discussed below.
Goodwill
Goodwill is initially recorded as the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination and is subsequently evaluated at least annually for impairment. Goodwill impairment testing is performed at the reporting unit level, equivalent to a business segment or one level below. The Corporation has three reporting units: the Business Bank, the Retail Bank and Wealth Management. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, goodwill totaled $635 million, including $380 million allocated to the Business Bank, $194 million allocated to the Retail Bank and $61 million allocated to Wealth Management.
The Corporation performs its annual evaluation of goodwill impairment in the third quarter of each year and on an interim basis if events or changes in circumstances between annual tests suggest additional testing may be warranted to determine if goodwill might be impaired. The quantitative goodwill impairment test is a two-step test. The first step compares the estimated fair value of identified reporting units with their carrying amount, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, the second step must be performed to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill and the amount of goodwill impairment, if any. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined as if the reporting unit were being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of goodwill exceeds the goodwill assigned to the reporting unit, there is no impairment. If the goodwill assigned to a reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of goodwill, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess.
In performing the annual impairment test, the carrying value of each reporting unit is the greater of economic or regulatory capital. The Corporation assigns economic capital using internal management methodologies on the basis of each reporting unit's credit, operational and interest rate risks, as well as goodwill. To determine regulatory capital, each reporting unit is assigned sufficient capital such that its respective Tier 1 ratio, based on allocated risk-weighted assets, is the same as that of the Corporation. Using this two-pronged approach, the Corporation's equity is fully allocated to its reporting units except for capital held primarily for the risk associated with the securities portfolio, which is assigned to the Finance segment of the Corporation.
Determining the fair value of reporting units is a subjective process involving the use of estimates and judgments related to the selection of inputs such as future cash flows, discount rates, comparable public company multiples, applicable control premiums and economic expectations used in determining the interest rate environment. The estimated fair values of the reporting units are determined using a blend of two commonly used valuation techniques: the market approach and the income approach. For the market approach, valuations of reporting units consider a combination of earnings, equity and other multiples from companies with characteristics similar to the reporting unit. Since the fair values determined under the market approach are representative of noncontrolling interests, the valuations accordingly incorporate a control premium. For the income approach, estimated future cash flows and terminal value are discounted. Estimated future cash flows are derived from internal forecasts and economic expectations for each reporting unit which incorporate uncertainty factors inherent to long-term projections. The applicable discount rate is based on the imputed cost of equity capital appropriate for each reporting unit, which incorporates the risk-free rate of return, the level of non-diversified risk associated with companies with characteristics similar to the reporting unit, a size risk premium and a market equity risk premium.
The annual test of goodwill impairment was performed as of the beginning of the third quarter 2016. The Corporation's assumptions included modest increases to the Federal funds target rate until eventually reaching a normal interest rate environment, as well as credit costs, reflective of the impact of energy prices, and the impact of the Corporation’s GEAR Up initiative. At the conclusion of the first step of the annual goodwill impairment tests performed in the third quarter 2016, the estimated fair values of the Business Bank and Wealth Management substantially exceeded their carrying amounts, including goodwill. The fair value of the Retail Bank exceeded the carrying value by 12 percent and 22 percent as of the 2016 and 2015 annual test of goodwill impairment, respectively. The decline in the excess value for the Retail Bank was due to the combination of an increase in the amount of regulatory capital allocated to the reporting unit due to higher risk weighted assets and depressed market multiples at the time of the valuation. The results of the annual test of the goodwill impairment test for each reporting unit were subjected to stress testing as appropriate.

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Economic conditions impact the assumptions related to interest and growth rates, loss rates and imputed cost of equity capital. The fair value estimates for each reporting unit incorporated current economic and market conditions, including the recent Federal Reserve announcements and the impact of legislative and regulatory changes, to the extent known and as described above. However, further weakening in the economic environment, such as adverse changes in interest rates, a decline in the performance of the reporting units or other factors could cause the fair value of one or more of the reporting units to fall below their carrying value, resulting in a goodwill impairment charge. Additionally, new legislative or regulatory changes not anticipated in management's expectations may cause the fair value of one or more of the reporting units to fall below the carrying value, resulting in a goodwill impairment charge. Any impairment charge would not affect the Corporation's regulatory capital ratios, tangible common equity ratio or liquidity position.

SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL DATA
The following table provides a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures used in this financial review with financial measures defined by GAAP.
(dollar amounts in millions)
September 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Tangible Common Equity Ratio:
 
 
 
Common shareholders' equity
$
7,727

 
$
7,560

Less:
 
 
 
Goodwill
635

 
635

Other intangible assets
11

 
14

Tangible common equity
$
7,081

 
$
6,911

Total assets
$
74,124

 
$
71,877

Less:
 
 
 
Goodwill
635

 
635

Other intangible assets
11

 
14

Tangible assets
$
73,478

 
$
71,228

Common equity ratio
10.42
%
 
10.52
%
Tangible common equity ratio
9.64

 
9.70

Tangible Common Equity per Share of Common Stock:
 
 
 
Common shareholders' equity
$
7,727

 
$
7,560

Tangible common equity
7,081

 
6,911

Shares of common stock outstanding (in millions)
172

 
176

Common shareholders' equity per share of common stock
$
44.91

 
$
43.03

Tangible common equity per share of common stock
41.15

 
39.33

The tangible common equity ratio removes preferred stock and the effect of intangible assets from capital and the effect of intangible assets from total assets. Tangible common equity per share of common stock removes the effect of intangible assets from common shareholders' equity per share of common stock. The Corporation believes these measurements are meaningful measures of capital adequacy used by investors, regulators, management and others to evaluate the adequacy of common equity and to compare against other companies in the industry.

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ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Quantitative and qualitative disclosures for the current period can be found in the "Market and Liquidity Risk" section of "Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
(a)
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Corporation maintains a set of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Corporation's management, including the Corporation's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management has evaluated, with the participation of the Corporation's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Corporation's disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report (the "Evaluation Date"). Based on the evaluation, the Corporation's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Corporation's disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
(b)
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. During the period to which this report relates, there have not been any changes in the Corporation's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, such controls.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
For information regarding the Corporation's legal proceedings, see "Part I. Item 1. Note 12 – Contingent Liabilities," which is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
There has been no material change in the Corporation’s risk factors as previously disclosed in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 in response to Part I, Item 1A. of such Form 10-K, other than as amended in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016 in response to Part II, Item 1A. of such Form 10-Q. Such risk factors are incorporated herein by reference.     
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
For information regarding the Corporation's purchase of equity securities, see "Part I. Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Capital," which is incorporated herein by reference.

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ITEM 6. Exhibits
Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
 
 
3.1
 
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Comerica Incorporated (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 4, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference).
 
 
 
3.2
 
Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Comerica Incorporated (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference).
 
 
 
3.3
 
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Comerica Incorporated (filed as Exhibit 3.3 to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference).
 
 
 
4
 
[In accordance with Regulation S-K Item No. 601(b)(4)(iii), the Registrant is not filing copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt because none of those instruments authorizes debt in excess of 10% of the total assets of the registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The Registrant hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the SEC upon request.]
 
 
 
10.1†
 
Supplemental Retirement Income Account Plan (formerly known as the Amended and Restated Benefit Equalization Plan for Employees of Comerica Incorporated) (amended and restated October 13, 2016, with amendments effective January 1, 2017) (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 13, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).
 
 
 
31.1
 
Chairman and CEO Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Periodic Report (pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).
 
 
 
31.2
 
Executive Vice President and CFO Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Periodic Report (pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).
 
 
 
32
 
Section 1350 Certification of Periodic Report (pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).
 
 
 
101
 
Financial statements from Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Registrant for the quarter ended September 30, 2016, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 
 
 
 
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.


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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
COMERICA INCORPORATED
 
(Registrant)
 
 
 
/s/ Muneera S. Carr
 
Muneera S. Carr
 
Executive Vice President and
 
Chief Accounting Officer and
 
Duly Authorized Officer
Date: October 31, 2016

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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
 
 
3.1
 
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Comerica Incorporated (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 4, 2010, and incorporated herein by reference).
 
 
 
3.2
 
Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Comerica Incorporated (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference).
 
 
 
3.3
 
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Comerica Incorporated (filed as Exhibit 3.3 to Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference).
 
 
 
4
 
[In accordance with Regulation S-K Item No. 601(b)(4)(iii), the Registrant is not filing copies of instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt because none of those instruments authorizes debt in excess of 10% of the total assets of the registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The Registrant hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the SEC upon request.]
 
 
 
10.1†
 
Supplemental Retirement Income Account Plan (formerly known as the Amended and Restated Benefit Equalization Plan for Employees of Comerica Incorporated) (amended and restated October 13, 2016, with amendments effective January 1, 2017) (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 13, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).
 
 
 
31.1
 
Chairman and CEO Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Periodic Report (pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)
 
 
 
31.2
 
Executive Vice President and CFO Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Periodic Report (pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)
 
 
 
32
 
Section 1350 Certification of Periodic Report (pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)
 
 
 
101
 
Financial statements from Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Registrant for the quarter ended September 30, 2016, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
 
 
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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