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DYNEX CAPITAL INC - Quarter Report: 2015 September (Form 10-Q)


 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC  20549
FORM 10-Q
  x
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015
or
  o
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Commission File Number: 1-9819
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Virginia
52-1549373
(State or other jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)
Identification No.)
 
 
4991 Lake Brook Drive, Suite 100, Glen Allen, Virginia
23060-9245
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
 
 
(804) 217-5800
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes           x           No           o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes           x           No           o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer
o
Accelerated filer
x
Non-accelerated filer
o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes           o           No           x

On October 28, 2015, the registrant had 49,168,790 shares outstanding of common stock, $0.01 par value, which is the registrant’s only class of common stock.


DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2015 (unaudited) and December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 (unaudited) and September 30, 2014 (unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 (unaudited) and September 30, 2014 (unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 










i

PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
($ in thousands except share data)
 
September 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
ASSETS
(unaudited)
 

Mortgage-backed securities (including pledged of $3,589,972 and $3,265,979, respectively)
$
3,737,729

 
$
3,516,239

Mortgage loans held for investment, net
27,439

 
39,700

Investment in limited partnership
10,731

 
4,000

Investment in FHLB stock
11,475

 
—

Cash and cash equivalents
12,636

 
43,944

Restricted cash
78,179

 
42,263

Derivative assets
10,057

 
5,727

Principal receivable on investments
11,128

 
7,420

Accrued interest receivable
20,916

 
21,157

Other assets, net
7,911

 
7,861

Total assets
$
3,928,201

 
$
3,688,311

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY


 
 

Liabilities:
 

 
 

Repurchase agreements
$
3,055,069

 
$
3,013,110

FHLB advances
255,000

 
—

Non-recourse collateralized financing
8,581

 
10,786

Derivative liabilities
63,708

 
35,898

Accrued interest payable
1,538

 
1,947

Accrued dividends payable
14,002

 
15,622

Other liabilities
2,543

 
3,646

 Total liabilities
3,400,441

 
3,081,009

 


 
 
Shareholders’ equity:
 

 
 

Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, 8.5% Series A Cumulative Redeemable; 8,000,000 shares authorized; 2,300,000 shares issued and outstanding ($57,500 aggregate liquidation preference)
55,407

 
55,407

Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, 7.625% Series B Cumulative Redeemable; 7,000,000 shares authorized; 2,250,000 shares issued and outstanding ($56,250 aggregate liquidation preference)
54,251

 
54,251

Common stock, par value $.01 per share, 200,000,000 shares authorized;
50,568,790 and 54,739,111 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
506

 
547

Additional paid-in capital
734,689

 
763,935

Accumulated other comprehensive income
32,109

 
21,316

Accumulated deficit
(349,202
)
 
(288,154
)
 Total shareholders' equity
527,760

 
607,302

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
3,928,201

 
$
3,688,311

See notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

1

DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(UNAUDITED)
 (amounts in thousands except per share data)
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Interest income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
$
25,765

 
$
25,207

 
$
73,688

 
$
79,104

Mortgage loans held for investment
331

 
793

 
1,034

 
2,255

 
26,096

 
26,000

 
74,722

 
81,359

Interest expense:
 
 
 
 


 
 
Repurchase agreements and FHLB advances
5,841

 
6,028

 
16,693

 
20,187

Non-recourse collateralized financing
18

 
30

 
79

 
76

 
5,859

 
6,058

 
16,772

 
20,263

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
Net interest income
20,237

 
19,942

 
57,950

 
61,096

(Loss) gain on derivative instruments, net
(52,749
)
 
4,842

 
(60,982
)
 
(31,654
)
Gain (loss) on sale of investments, net
113

 
9,057

 
(70
)
 
5,273

Fair value adjustments, net
16

 
42

 
75

 
162

Equity in (loss) income of limited partnership
(2
)
 
—

 
731

 
—

Other (expense) income, net
(213
)
 
897

 
(301
)
 
1,108

General and administrative expenses:
 
 
 
 


 
 
Compensation and benefits
(2,327
)
 
(2,351
)
 
(6,794
)
 
(7,232
)
Other general and administrative
(2,052
)
 
(1,563
)
 
(6,596
)
 
(4,620
)
Net (loss) income
(36,977
)
 
30,866

 
(15,987
)
 
24,133

Preferred stock dividends
(2,294
)
 
(2,294
)
 
(6,882
)
 
(6,882
)
Net (loss) income to common shareholders
$
(39,271
)
 
$
28,572

 
$
(22,869
)
 
$
17,251

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
 


 
 
Change in net unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments
$
26,674

 
$
(6,867
)
 
$
7,951

 
$
50,212

Reclassification adjustment for (gain) loss on sale of investments, net
(113
)
 
(9,057
)
 
70

 
(5,273
)
Reclassification adjustment for de-designated cash flow hedges
857

 
1,442

 
2,772

 
5,339

Total other comprehensive income (loss)
27,418

 
(14,482
)
 
10,793

 
50,278

Comprehensive (loss) income to common shareholders
$
(11,853
)
 
$
14,090

 
$
(12,076
)
 
$
67,529

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares-basic and diluted
52,777

 
54,731

 
54,043

 
54,690

Net (loss) income per common share-basic and diluted
$
(0.74
)
 
$
0.52

 
$
(0.42
)
 
$
0.32

See notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

2

DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
($ in thousands)
 
Preferred
Stock
 
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income
 
Accumulated
Deficit
 
Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2014
$
109,658

 
$
547

 
$
763,935

 
$
21,316

 
$
(288,154
)
 
$
607,302

Stock issuance
—

 
—

 
129

 
—

 
—

 
129

Restricted stock granted, net of amortization
—

 
3

 
2,217

 
—

 
—

 
2,220

Adjustments for tax withholding on share-based compensation

—

 
(1
)
 
(556
)
 
—

 
—

 
(557
)
Amortization of stock issuance costs
—

 
—

 
(28
)
 
—

 
—

 
(28
)
Common stock repurchased
—

 
(43
)
 
(31,008
)
 
—

 
—

 
(31,051
)
Net loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(15,987
)
 
(15,987
)
Dividends on preferred stock
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(6,882
)
 
(6,882
)
Dividends on common stock
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(38,179
)
 
(38,179
)
Other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
10,793

 
—

 
10,793

Balance as of September 30, 2015
$
109,658

 
$
506

 
$
734,689

 
$
32,109

 
$
(349,202
)
 
$
527,760

See notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
($ in thousands)
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
Operating activities:
 
 
 
Net (loss) income
$
(15,987
)
 
$
24,133

Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
 

 
 

Decrease in accrued interest receivable
241

 
717

Decrease in accrued interest payable
(409
)
 
(1,056
)
Loss on derivative instruments, net
60,982

 
31,654

Loss (gain) on sale of investments, net
70

 
(5,273
)
Fair value adjustments, net
(75
)
 
(162
)
Amortization of investment premiums, net
114,398

 
104,293

Other amortization and depreciation, net
4,143

 
7,007

Stock-based compensation expense
2,220

 
2,045

Other operating activities
(3,036
)
 
(3,708
)
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by operating activities
162,547

 
159,650

Investing activities:
 

 
 

Purchase of investments
(1,066,461
)
 
(457,008
)
Principal payments received on investments
384,063

 
404,464

Proceeds from sales of investments
339,332

 
376,278

Principal payments received on mortgage loans held for investment, net
12,241

 
14,150

Payment to acquire interest in limited partnership
(6,000
)
 
—

Net payments on derivatives, including terminations
(37,502
)
 
(9,086
)
Other investing activities
(134
)
 
(8
)
Net cash and cash equivalents (used in) provided by investing activities
(374,461
)
 
328,790

Financing activities:
 

 
 

Borrowings under (repayments of) repurchase agreements and FHLB advances, net
296,959

 
(430,743
)
Principal payments on non-recourse collateralized financing
(2,249
)
 
(1,753
)
Increase in restricted cash
(35,916
)
 
(19,370
)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs
101

 
144

Cash paid for repurchases of common stock
(31,051
)
 
—

Payments related to tax withholding for share-based compensation
(556
)
 
(507
)
Dividends paid
(46,682
)
 
(48,902
)
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing activities
180,606

 
(501,131
)
 
 
 
 
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(31,308
)
 
(12,691
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
43,944

 
69,330

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
12,636

 
$
56,639

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Activity:
 

 
 

Cash paid for interest
$
14,366

 
$
15,703

See notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


NOTE 1 –ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization

Dynex Capital, Inc., ("Company”) was incorporated in the Commonwealth of Virginia on December 18, 1987 and commenced operations in February 1988. The Company primarily earns income from investing on a leveraged basis in mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") that are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or U.S. Government sponsored agencies ("Agency MBS") and MBS issued by others ("non-Agency MBS").

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Dynex Capital, Inc. and its subsidiaries (together, “Dynex” or, as appropriate, the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10, Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all significant adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim periods or for the entire year ending December 31, 2015. The unaudited consolidated financial statements included herein should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 filed with the SEC.

Consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the accounts of its majority owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities ("VIE") for which it is the primary beneficiary. As a primary beneficiary, the Company has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and a right to receive benefits or absorb losses of the entity that could be potentially significant to the VIE. The Company is required to reconsider its evaluation of whether to consolidate a VIE each reporting period, based upon changes in the facts and circumstances pertaining to the VIE. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company consolidates certain trusts through which it has securitized mortgage loans as a result of not meeting the sale criteria under GAAP at the time the financial assets were transferred to the trust. Additional information regarding the accounting policy for the Company's securitized mortgage loans is provided below under "Mortgage Loans Held for Investment, Net".

Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant estimates used by management include, but are not limited to, fair value measurements of its investments, other-than-temporary impairments, contingencies, and amortization of premiums and discounts. These items are discussed further below within this note to the consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

The Company has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the corresponding provisions of state law. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain tests including investing in primarily real estate-related assets and the required distribution of at least 90% of its annual REIT taxable income to stockholders after consideration of its net operating loss carryforward ("NOL") and not including taxable income retained in its taxable subsidiaries. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the amount of its income or capital gains that is distributed as dividends to shareholders.


5

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


The Company assesses its tax positions for all open tax years and determines whether the Company has any material unrecognized liabilities in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 740. The Company records these liabilities, if any, to the extent they are deemed more likely than not to have been incurred.

Net Income (Loss) Per Common Share

The Company did not have any potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2015 or September 30, 2014.

Holders of unvested shares of the Company's issued and outstanding restricted common stock are eligible to receive non-forfeitable dividends. As such, these unvested shares are considered participating securities as per ASC Topic 260-10 and therefore are included in the computation of basic net income (loss) per share using the two-class method. Upon vesting, restrictions on transfer expire on each share of restricted stock, and each such share of restricted stock is converted to one equal share of common stock.

Because the Company's 8.50% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series A Preferred Stock”) and 7.625% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”) are redeemable at the Company's option for cash only and may convert into shares of common stock only upon a change of control of the Company, the effect of those shares is excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per common share.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of cash the Company has pledged to cover initial and variation margin with its financing and derivative counterparties.

Mortgage-Backed Securities
 
The Company invests in Agency and non-Agency RMBS, CMBS and CMBS IO securities, all of which are designated as available-for-sale ("AFS"). All of the Company’s MBS are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in unrealized gain (loss) on the Company's MBS are reported in other comprehensive income ("OCI") until each security is collected, disposed of, or determined to be other than temporarily impaired. Although the Company generally intends to hold its AFS securities until maturity, it may sell any of these securities as part of the overall management of its business. Upon the sale of an AFS security, any unrealized gain or loss is reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") into net income as a realized "gain (loss) on sale of investments, net" using the specific identification method.

The Company’s MBS pledged as collateral against repurchase agreements and derivative instruments are included in MBS on the consolidated balance sheets with the fair value of the MBS pledged disclosed parenthetically.

Interest Income, Premium Amortization, and Discount Accretion. Interest income on MBS is accrued based on the outstanding principal balance (or notional balance in the case of interest-only, or "IO", securities) and their contractual terms.  Premiums and discounts on Agency MBS as well as any non-Agency MBS rated 'AA' and higher at the time of purchase are amortized into interest income over the expected life of such securities using the effective yield method and adjustments to premium amortization are made for actual cash payments as well as changes in projected future cash payments. The Company's projections of future cash payments are based on input and analysis received from external sources and internal models, and includes assumptions about the amount and timing of credit losses, loan prepayment rates, fluctuations in interest rates, and other factors. On at least a quarterly basis, the Company reviews and makes any necessary adjustments to its cash flow projections and updates the yield recognized on these assets.


6

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


The Company holds certain non-Agency MBS that had credit ratings of less than 'AA' at the time of purchase or were not rated by any of the nationally recognized credit rating agencies. A portion of these non-Agency MBS were purchased at discounts to their par value, which management does not believe to be substantial. The discount is accreted into income over the security's expected life, which reflects management's estimate of the security's projected cash flows. Future changes in the timing of projected cash flows or differences arising between projected cash flows and actual cash flows received may result in a prospective change in the effective yield on those securities.

Determination of MBS Fair Value. The Company estimates the fair value of the majority of its MBS based upon prices obtained from third-party pricing services and broker quotes. The remainder of the Company's MBS are valued by discounting the estimated future cash flows derived from cash flow models that utilize information such as the security's coupon rate, estimated prepayment speeds, expected weighted average life, collateral composition, estimated future interest rates, expected losses, and credit enhancements as well as certain other relevant information. Refer to Note 7 for further discussion of MBS fair value measurements.

Other-than-Temporary Impairment. MBS is considered impaired when its fair value is less than its amortized cost. The Company evaluates all of its impaired MBS for other-than-temporary impairments ("OTTI") on at least a quarterly basis. An impairment is considered other-than-temporary if: (1) the Company intends to sell the MBS; (2) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the MBS before its fair value recovers; or (3) the Company does not expect to recover the full amortized cost basis of the MBS. If either of the first two conditions is met, the entire amount of the impairment is recognized in earnings. If the impairment is solely due to the inability to fully recover the amortized cost basis, the security is further analyzed to quantify any credit loss, which is the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected on the MBS and its amortized cost. The credit loss, if any, is then recognized in earnings, while the balance of impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income.

Following the recognition of an OTTI through earnings, a new cost basis is established for the security. Any subsequent recoveries in fair value may be accreted back into the amortized cost basis of the MBS on a prospective basis through interest income. Please see Note 2 for additional information related to the Company's evaluation for OTTI.

Mortgage Loans Held for Investment, Net

The Company originated or purchased mortgage loans from 1992 through 1998, and these mortgage loans are reported at amortized cost. A portion of these loans is pledged as collateral to support the repayment of one remaining class of a securitization financing bond issued by the Company in 2002. The associated securitization financing bond is treated as debt of the Company and is presented as "non-recourse collateralized financing" on the consolidated balance sheet. Securitized mortgage loans can only be sold subject to the lien of the respective securitization financing indenture. An allowance is established for currently existing and probable losses on the Company's mortgage loans held for investment.

Investment in Limited Partnership

The Company is a limited partner with a less than 50% interest in a limited partnership for which it does not have substantive participating or kick-out rights that overcome the general partner's presumption of control. The Company accounts for its investment in this limited partnership using the equity method of accounting, which requires initially recording an investment in the equity of an investee at cost and subsequently adjusting the carrying amount of the investment to recognize the investor's share of the earnings or losses, capital contributions and distributions, and other changes in equity.

Secured Borrowings
 
Secured borrowings, including repurchase agreements and Federal Home Loan Bank (or "FHLB") advances, are accounted for as secured borrowings under which the Company pledges its securities as collateral to secure a loan, which is equal in value to a specified percentage of the estimated fair value of the pledged collateral. The Company retains beneficial ownership of the pledged collateral. At the maturity of a repurchase agreement, the Company is required to repay the loan and concurrently receives back its pledged collateral from the lender or, with the consent of the lender, the Company may renew the agreement at the then prevailing financing rate. A repurchase agreement lender may require the Company to pledge additional collateral in the event of a decline in the fair value of the collateral pledged. Repurchase agreement financing is recourse to the Company and the assets

7

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


pledged. Most of the Company’s repurchase agreements are based on the September 1996 version of the Bond Market Association Master Repurchase Agreement, which generally provides that the lender, as buyer, is responsible for obtaining collateral valuations from a generally recognized source agreed to by both the Company and the lender, or, in an instance when such source is not available, the value determination is made by the lender.

The Company’s wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary, Mackinaw Insurance Company, LLC (“Mackinaw”), obtains advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis (“FHLBI”) under an advances, pledge and security agreement which includes collateral requirements similar to the Company’s repurchase agreement borrowings, including the FHLBI’s right to require additional pledges of collateral. The agreement also requires Mackinaw to observe the rules of FHLBI membership and is subject to the FHLBI’s credit policies. The FHLBI requires Mackinaw to pledge additional securities or cash as collateral for advances in the event the value of the collateral held by the FHLBI falls below specified levels and gives the FHLBI the right to demand additional collateral in certain circumstances.

Derivative Instruments

The Company's derivative instruments, which currently include interest rate swaps and Eurodollar futures, are accounted for at fair value and recognized accordingly as either derivative assets or derivative liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. All periodic interest costs and changes in fair value, including gains and losses recognized upon termination, associated with derivative instruments are recorded in "gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net" on the Company's consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Please refer to Note 5 for additional information regarding the Company's accounting for its derivative instruments.

Although MBS have characteristics that meet the definition of a derivative instrument, ASC Topic 815 specifically excludes these instruments from its scope because they are accounted for as debt securities under ASC Topic 320.

Share-Based Compensation

Pursuant to the Company’s 2009 Stock and Incentive Plan, the Company may grant share-based compensation to eligible employees, directors or consultants or advisers to the Company, including stock awards, stock options, stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalent rights, performance shares, and restricted stock units. The Company's restricted stock currently issued and outstanding under this plan may be settled only in shares of its common stock, and therefore are treated as equity awards with their fair value measured at the grant date and recognized as compensation cost over the requisite service period with a corresponding credit to shareholders' equity. The requisite service period is the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for an award, which is equivalent to the vesting period specified in the terms of the time-based restricted stock award. None of the Company's restricted stock awards have performance based conditions. The Company does not currently have any share-based compensation issued or outstanding other than restricted stock.

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, there may be various lawsuits, claims, and other contingencies pending against the Company. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates whether to establish provisions for estimated losses from those matters in accordance with ASC Topic 450, which states that a liability is recognized for a contingent loss when: (a) the underlying causal event has occurred prior to the balance sheet date; (b) it is probable that a loss has been incurred; and (c) there is a reasonable basis for estimating that loss. A liability is not recognized for a contingent loss when it is only possible or remotely possible that a loss has been incurred, however, possible contingent losses shall be disclosed. If the contingent loss (or an additional loss in excess of any accrual) is at least a reasonable possibility and material, then the Company discloses a reasonable estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, if such reasonable estimate can be made. If the Company cannot make a reasonable estimate of the possible material loss, or range of loss, then that fact is disclosed.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company does not believe there are any recently issued accounting pronouncements which will have a material effect on the Company's financial condition or results of operations upon their effective date.

8

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


NOTE 2 – MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES
 
The majority of the Company's MBS are pledged as collateral to cover initial and variation margins for the Company's repurchase agreements, FHLB advances, and derivative instruments. The following tables present the Company’s MBS by investment type as of the dates indicated:
 
September 30, 2015
 
Par
 
Net Premium (Discount)
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gain
 
Gross Unrealized Loss
 
Fair Value
 
WAC (1)
RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
$
1,631,942

 
$
83,461

 
$
1,715,403

 
$
8,373

 
$
(12,903
)
 
$
1,710,873

 
3.04
%
Non-Agency
70,872

 
(54
)
 
70,818

 
95

 
(271
)
 
70,642

 
3.62
%
 
1,702,814

 
83,407

 
1,786,221

 
8,468

 
(13,174
)
 
1,781,515

 
 
CMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
943,934

 
14,983

 
958,917

 
18,260

 
(1,674
)
 
975,503

 
3.44
%
Non-Agency
195,200

 
(8,310
)
 
186,890

 
8,017

 
(968
)
 
193,939

 
3.88
%
 
1,139,134

 
6,673

 
1,145,807

 
26,277

 
(2,642
)
 
1,169,442

 
 
CMBS IO (2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
—

 
409,627

 
409,627

 
11,593

 
(94
)
 
421,126

 
0.69
%
Non-Agency
—

 
362,338

 
362,338

 
4,361

 
(1,053
)
 
365,646

 
0.62
%
 
—

 
771,965

 
771,965

 
15,954

 
(1,147
)
 
786,772

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Total AFS securities:
$
2,841,948

 
$
862,045

 
$
3,703,993

 
$
50,699

 
$
(16,963
)
 
$
3,737,729

 
 
(1)
The current weighted average coupon ("WAC") is the gross interest rate of the pool of mortgages underlying the security weighted by the outstanding principal balance (or by notional balance in the case of an IO security).
(2)
The notional balance for Agency CMBS IO and non-Agency CMBS IO was $11,452,515 and $10,150,326, respectively, as of September 30, 2015.
 
December 31, 2014
 
Par
 
Net Premium (Discount)
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gain
 
Gross Unrealized Loss
 
Fair Value
 
WAC (1)
RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
$
2,086,807

 
$
113,635

 
$
2,200,442

 
$
8,473

 
$
(22,215
)
 
$
2,186,700

 
3.09
%
Non-Agency
22,432

 
(17
)
 
22,415

 
107

 
(74
)
 
22,448

 
3.83
%
 
2,109,239

 
113,618

 
2,222,857

 
8,580

 
(22,289
)
 
2,209,148

 
 
CMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
301,943

 
18,042

 
319,985

 
15,288

 
(76
)
 
335,197

 
5.21
%
Non-Agency
210,358

 
(8,520
)
 
201,838

 
6,679

 
(479
)
 
208,038

 
4.33
%
 
512,301

 
9,522

 
521,823

 
21,967

 
(555
)
 
543,235

 
 
CMBS IO (2):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
—

 
426,564

 
426,564

 
12,252

 
(79
)
 
438,737

 
0.80
%
Non-Agency
—

 
319,280

 
319,280

 
6,069

 
(230
)
 
325,119

 
0.72
%
 
—

 
745,844

 
745,844

 
18,321

 
(309
)
 
763,856

 
 



 
 
 


 


 
 
 


 
 
Total AFS securities:
$
2,621,540

 
$
868,984

 
$
3,490,524

 
$
48,868

 
$
(23,153
)
 
$
3,516,239

 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

9

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


(1)
The current weighted average coupon ("WAC") is the gross interest rate of the pool of mortgages underlying the security weighted by the outstanding principal balance (or by notional balance in the case of an IO security).
(2)
The notional balance for the Agency CMBS IO and non-Agency CMBS IO was $10,460,113 and $7,868,896, respectively, as of December 31, 2014.

The Company's sale proceeds for MBS were $9,525 and $339,332 for three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and $287,609 and $387,325 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. The following table presents the gross realized gains (losses) of those sales included in "gain (loss) on sale of investments, net" on the Company's consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
($ in thousands)
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Gross realized gains on sales of MBS
$
185

 
$
10,579

 
$
3,281

 
$
11,269

Gross realized losses on sales of MBS
(72
)
 
(1,522
)
 
(3,351
)
 
(5,996
)
Gain (loss) on sale of investments, net
$
113

 
$
9,057

 
$
(70
)
 
$
5,273


The following table presents certain information for those Agency MBS in an unrealized loss position as of the dates indicated:
 
September 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
# of Securities
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
# of Securities
Continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency MBS
$
513,689

 
$
(2,460
)
 
32
 
$
322,741

 
$
(879
)
 
24
Non-Agency MBS
233,058

 
(1,740
)
 
43
 
111,778

 
(625
)
 
24
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency MBS
$
831,652

 
$
(12,212
)
 
73
 
$
1,321,323

 
$
(21,491
)
 
113
Non-Agency MBS
29,539

 
(552
)
 
11
 
18,037

 
(159
)
 
5

Because the principal related to Agency MBS is guaranteed by the government-sponsored entities Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac which have the implicit guarantee of the U.S. government, the Company does not consider any of the unrealized losses on its Agency MBS to be credit related. Although the unrealized losses are not credit related, the Company assesses its ability and intent to hold any Agency MBS with an unrealized loss until the recovery in its value. This assessment is based on the amount of the unrealized loss and significance of the related investment as well as the Company’s current leverage and anticipated liquidity. Based on this analysis, the Company has determined that the unrealized losses on its Agency MBS as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were temporary.

The Company reviews any non-Agency MBS in an unrealized loss position to evaluate whether any decline in fair value represents an OTTI. The evaluation includes a review of the credit ratings of these non-Agency MBS and the seasoning of the mortgage loans collateralizing these securities as well as the estimated future cash flows which include projected losses. The Company performed this evaluation for the non-Agency MBS in an unrealized loss position and has determined that there have not been any adverse changes in the timing or amount of estimated future cash flows that necessitate a recognition of OTTI amounts as of September 30, 2015 or December 31, 2014.


10

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


NOTE 3 – REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
    
The Company finances its purchases of investments primarily using repurchase agreements which bear interest at a rate based on a spread to London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). The Company’s repurchase agreement borrowings outstanding as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are summarized in the table below by the fair value and type of securities pledged as collateral:
 
 
September 30, 2015
Collateral Type
 
Balance
 
Weighted
Average Rate
 
Fair Value of
Collateral Pledged
Agency RMBS
 
$
1,570,894


0.45
%
 
$
1,637,187

Non-Agency RMBS
 
56,993

 
1.59
%
 
70,045

Agency CMBS
 
596,612

 
0.42
%
 
643,278

Non-Agency CMBS
 
162,501

 
1.08
%
 
184,039

Agency CMBS IO
 
353,012

 
1.01
%
 
413,047

Non-Agency CMBS IO
 
307,655

 
1.11
%
 
364,727

Securitization financing bond
 
7,402

 
1.55
%
 
8,474

 
 
$
3,055,069

 
0.63
%
 
$
3,320,797


 
 
December 31, 2014
Collateral Type
 
Balance
 
Weighted
Average Rate
 
Fair Value of Collateral Pledged
Agency RMBS
 
$
1,977,338


0.39
%
 
$
2,064,704

Non-Agency RMBS
 
17,594

 
1.57
%
 
21,787

Agency CMBS
 
253,857

 
0.36
%
 
291,103

Non-Agency CMBS
 
114,895

 
1.15
%
 
140,216

Agency CMBS IOs
 
372,609

 
0.92
%
 
430,638

Non-Agency CMBS IOs
 
266,983

 
1.04
%
 
315,149

Securitization financing bond
 
9,834

 
1.51
%
 
11,000

 
 
$
3,013,110

 
0.55
%
 
$
3,274,597


As of September 30, 2015, the weighted average remaining term to maturity of our repurchase agreements was 18 days. The following table provides a summary of the original term to maturity of our repurchase agreements as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
Original Term to Maturity
 
September 30,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
Less than 30 days
 
$
602,224

 
$
250,635

30 to 90 days
 
2,224,106

 
617,399

91 to 180 days
 
178,242

 
904,830

181 to 364 days
 
—

 
1,030,569

1 year or longer
 
50,497

 
209,677

 
 
$
3,055,069

 
$
3,013,110



11

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


As of September 30, 2015, the Company had approximately $56,310 of its shareholders' equity at risk (defined as the excess of collateral pledged over the borrowings outstanding) with Wells Fargo Bank National Association together with its affiliate Wells Fargo Securities, LLC. The borrowings outstanding with that counterparty and its affiliate as of September 30, 2015 were $303,600 with a weighted average borrowing rate of 1.07%. Of the amount outstanding with this counterparty and its affiliate, $288,794 is under a committed repurchase facility with Wells Fargo Bank National Association. This facility has an aggregate maximum borrowing capacity of $300,000 and is scheduled to expire on August 6, 2016, subject to early termination provisions contained in the master repurchase agreement. The facility is collateralized primarily by CMBS IO, and its weighted average borrowing rate as of September 30, 2015 was 1.06%. Shareholders' equity at risk did not exceed 10% for any of the Company's other counterparties.

As of September 30, 2015, the Company had repurchase agreement amounts outstanding with 21 of its 32 available repurchase agreement counterparties. The Company's counterparties, as set forth in the master repurchase agreement with the counterparty, require the Company to comply with various customary operating and financial covenants, including, but not limited to, minimum net worth, maximum declines in net worth in a given period, and maximum leverage requirements as well as maintaining the Company's REIT status. In addition, some of the agreements contain cross default features, whereby default under an agreement with one lender simultaneously causes default under agreements with other lenders. To the extent that the Company fails to comply with the covenants contained in these financing agreements or is otherwise found to be in default under the terms of such agreements, the counterparty has the right to accelerate amounts due under the master repurchase agreement. With respect to outstanding repurchase agreement and FHLB advance financings as of September 30, 2015, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.

Please see Note 6 for the Company's disclosures related to offsetting assets and liabilities.

NOTE 4 – FHLB ADVANCES

On May 19, 2015, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Mackinaw Insurance Company, LLC (or "Mackinaw") was approved for membership in the FHLB of Indianapolis (or "FHLBI"). As a member of the FHLBI, Mackinaw has access to a variety of products and services offered by the FHLB system, including secured advances. As of September 30, 2015, the Company's FHLB advances were all due within 30 days. As of September 30, 2015, Mackinaw had $255,000 in outstanding advances with a borrowing rate of 0.20% and had Agency MBS and cash with a combined fair value of $274,195 pledged as collateral. The Company's maximum borrowing capacity with the FHLB was $527,760 as of September 30, 2015.

As a condition to membership in the FHLBI, the Company is required to purchase and hold a certain amount of FHLB stock, which is based, in part, upon the outstanding principal balance of FHLB advances. As of September 30, 2015, the Company had stock in the FHLBI totaling $11,475 which is shown on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as "Investment in FHLB stock". FHLB stock is considered a non-marketable, long-term investment, is carried at cost and is subject to recoverability testing under applicable accounting standards. This stock can only be redeemed or sold at its par value and only to the FHLBI.

NOTE 5 – DERIVATIVES

     The Company utilizes derivative instruments to economically hedge a portion of its exposure to market risks, primarily interest rate risk. The Company primarily uses pay-fixed interest rate swaps and Eurodollar contracts to hedge its exposure to changes in interest rates and uses receive-fixed interest rate swaps to offset a portion of its pay-fixed interest rate swaps in order to manage its overall hedge position. The objective of the Company's risk management strategy is to mitigate declines in book value resulting from fluctuations in the fair value of the Company's assets from changing interest rates and to protect some portion of the Company's earnings from rising interest rates. Please refer to Note 1 for information related to the Company's accounting policy for its derivative instruments.
    
The table below summarizes information about the Company’s derivative instruments treated as trading instruments on its consolidated balance sheet as of the dates indicated:  

12

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


 
 
September 30, 2015
 
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
Trading Instruments
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
Interest rate swaps
 
$
10,057

 
$
375,000

 
$
(30,632
)
 
$
2,965,000

Eurodollar futures (1)
 
—

 
—

 
(33,076
)
 
6,300,000

Total
 
$
10,057

 
$
375,000

 
$
(63,708
)
 
$
9,265,000


 
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
Derivative Assets
 
Derivative Liabilities
Trading Instruments
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
 
Fair Value
 
Notional
Interest rate swaps
 
$
5,727

 
$
440,000

 
$
(3,002
)
 
$
485,000

Eurodollar futures (2)
 
—

 
—

 
(32,896
)
 
16,600,000

Total
 
$
5,727

 
$
440,000

 
$
(35,898
)
 
$
17,085,000

(1)
The Eurodollar futures aggregate notional amount represents the total notional of the 3-month contracts with expiration dates from 2017 to 2020. The maximum notional outstanding for any future 3-month period did not exceed $725,000 as of September 30, 2015.
(2)
The Eurodollar futures aggregate notional amount represents the total notional of the 3-month contracts with expiration dates from 2015 to 2020. The maximum notional outstanding for any future 3-month period did not exceed $1,300,000 as of December 31, 2014.

The following table summarizes the contractual maturities remaining for the Company’s outstanding interest rate swap agreements as of September 30, 2015:
Remaining Maturity
 
Pay-Fixed Interest Rate Swaps
 
Pay-Fixed
Weighted-Average Rate
 
Receive-Fixed Interest Rate Swaps
 
Receive-Fixed
Weighted-Average Rate
13-24 months
 
$
1,435,000

 
1.18
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
25-36 months
 
—

 
—
%
 
—

 
—
%
37-48 months
 
160,000

 
1.37
%
 
250,000

 
1.14
%
49-60 months
 
635,000

 
1.74
%
 
50,000

 
1.75
%
61-72 months
 
—

 
—
%
 
—

 
—
%
73-84 months
 
75,000

 
1.77
%
 
—

 
—
%
85-96 months
 
125,000

 
1.98
%
 
—

 
—
%
97-108 months
 
—

 
—
%
 
25,000

 
2.71
%
109-120 months
 
585,000

 
2.72
%
 
—

 
—
%

The table above contains forward-starting interest rate swaps with a combined notional value of $1,675,000 and a weighted average pay-fixed rate of 1.38% which will not be effective until 2016.

The following table summarizes the volume of activity related to derivative instruments for the period indicated:

13

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


For the nine months ended September 30, 2015:
Beginning of Period Notional Amount
 
Additions
 
Settlement, Termination, Expiration or Exercise
 
End of Period Notional Amount
Receive-fixed interest rate swaps
$
275,000

 
$
50,000

 
$
—

 
$
325,000

Pay-fixed interest rate swaps
650,000

 
3,085,000

 
(720,000
)
 
3,015,000

Eurodollar futures
16,600,000

 
—

 
(10,300,000
)
 
6,300,000

 
$
17,525,000

 
$
3,135,000

 
$
(11,020,000
)
 
$
9,640,000


The table below provides detail of the Company's "(loss) gain on derivative instruments, net" by type of interest rate derivative for the periods indicated:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
Type of Derivative Instrument
 
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Receive-fixed interest rate swaps
 
$
6,975

 
$
339

 
$
9,757

 
$
339

Pay-fixed interest rate swaps
 
(48,697
)
 
646

 
(45,797
)
 
(20,056
)
Eurodollar futures
 
(11,027
)
 
3,857

 
(24,942
)
 
(11,937
)
(Loss) gain on derivative instruments, net
 
$
(52,749
)
 
$
4,842

 
$
(60,982
)
 
$
(31,654
)

There is a net unrealized gain of $195 remaining in AOCI on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2015 which represents the activity related to these interest rate swap agreements while they were previously designated as cash flow hedges, and this amount will be recognized in the Company's net income as a portion of "interest expense" over the remaining contractual life of the agreements. The Company estimates $536 will be reclassified to net income as "interest expense" within the next 12 months.

A portion of the Company's interest rate swaps were entered into under bilateral agreements which contain cross-default provisions with other agreements between the parties. In addition, these bilateral agreements contain financial and operational covenants similar to those contained in our repurchase agreements, as described in Note 3. With respect to interest rate agreements under which interest rate swaps were entered into as of September 30, 2015, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.

Please see Note 6 for the Company's disclosures related to offsetting assets and liabilities.

NOTE 6 – OFFSETTING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

The Company's derivatives, repurchase agreements, and FHLB advances are subject to underlying agreements with master netting or similar arrangements, which provide for the right of offset in the event of default or in the event of bankruptcy of either party to the transactions. The Company reports its assets and liabilities subject to these arrangements on a gross basis. The following tables present information regarding those assets and liabilities subject to such arrangements as if the Company had presented them on a net basis as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

14

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


 
Offsetting of Assets
 
Gross Amount of Recognized Assets
 
Gross Amount Offset in the Balance Sheet
 
Net Amount of Assets Presented in the Balance Sheet
 
Gross Amount Not Offset in the Balance Sheet (1)
 
Net Amount
Financial Instruments Received as Collateral
 
Cash Received as Collateral
September 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative assets
$
10,057

 
$
—

 
$
10,057

 
$
(10,057
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
 


Derivative assets
$
5,727

 
$
—

 
$
5,727

 
$
(1,073
)
 
$
(4,521
)
 
$
133


 
Offsetting of Liabilities
 
Gross Amount of Recognized Liabilities
 
Gross Amount Offset in the Balance Sheet
 
Net Amount of Liabilities Presented in the Balance Sheet
 
Gross Amount Not Offset in the Balance Sheet (1)
 
Net Amount
Financial Instruments Posted as Collateral
 
Cash Posted as Collateral
September 30, 2015:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities
$
63,708

 
$
—

 
$
63,708

 
$
(13,851
)
 
$
(49,581
)
 
$
276

Repurchase agreements
3,055,069

 
—

 
3,055,069

 
(3,055,069
)
 
—

 
—

FHLB Advances
255,000

 
—

 
255,000

 
(255,000
)
 
—

 
—

 
$
3,373,777

 
$
—

 
$
3,373,777

 
$
(3,323,920
)
 
$
(49,581
)
 
$
276

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2014:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities
$
35,898

 
$
—

 
$
35,898

 
$
(2,494
)
 
$
(32,994
)
 
$
410

Repurchase agreements
3,013,110

 
—

 
3,013,110

 
(3,013,110
)
 
—

 
—

 
$
3,049,008

 
$
—

 
$
3,049,008

 
$
(3,015,604
)
 
$
(32,994
)
 
$
410

(1)
Amount disclosed for collateral received by or posted to the same counterparty include cash and the fair value of MBS up to and not exceeding the net amount of the asset or liability presented in the balance sheet. The fair value of the actual collateral received by or posted to the same counterparty may exceed the amounts presented.

NOTE 7 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic 820 clarifies that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability and also requires an entity to consider all aspects of nonperformance risk, including the entity's own credit standing, when measuring fair value of a liability. ASC Topic 820 established a valuation hierarchy of three levels as follows:
 
•
Level 1 – Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the measurement date.
•
Level 2 – Inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in inactive markets for identical or similar assets or liabilities; or inputs either directly observable or indirectly observable through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.  
•
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs are supported by little or no market activity. The unobservable inputs represent management’s best estimate of how market participants would price the asset or liability at the measurement

15

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.  
The following table presents the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities presented on its consolidated balance sheets, segregated by the hierarchy level of the fair value estimate, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated:
 
September 30, 2015
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1 - Unadjusted Quoted Prices in Active Markets
 
Level 2 - Observable Inputs
 
Level 3 - Unobservable Inputs
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
$
3,737,729

 
$
—

 
$
3,715,096

 
$
22,633

Derivative assets
10,057

 
—

 
10,057

 
—

Total assets carried at fair value
$
3,747,786

 
$
—

 
$
3,725,153

 
$
22,633

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Derivative liabilities
$
63,708

 
$
33,076

 
$
30,632

 
$
—

Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
63,708

 
$
33,076

 
$
30,632

 
$
—

 
December 31, 2014
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1 - Unadjusted Quoted Prices in Active Markets
 
Level 2 - Observable Inputs
 
Level 3 - Unobservable Inputs
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
$
3,516,239

 
$
—

 
$
3,472,282

 
$
43,957

Derivative assets
5,727

 
—

 
5,727

 
—

Total assets carried at fair value
$
3,521,966

 
$
—

 
$
3,478,009

 
$
43,957

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Derivative liabilities
$
35,898

 
$
32,896

 
$
3,002

 
$
—

Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
35,898

 
$
32,896

 
$
3,002

 
$
—


The Company did not have assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2015 or December 31, 2014.

The Company's derivative assets and liabilities include interest rate swaps and Eurodollar futures. Interest rate swaps are valued using the income approach with the primary input being the forward interest rate swap curve, which is considered an observable input and thus their fair values are considered Level 2 measurements. Eurodollar futures are valued based on closing exchange prices on these contracts. Accordingly, the fair values of these financial futures are classified as Level 1 measurements.

Agency MBS, as well a majority of non-Agency MBS, are substantially similar to securities that either are currently actively traded or have been recently traded in their respective market. Their fair values are derived from an average of multiple dealer quotes and thus are considered Level 2 fair value measurements. The Company’s remaining non-Agency MBS are comprised of securities for which there are not substantially similar securities that trade frequently, and their fair values are therefore considered Level 3 measurements. The Company determines the fair value of its Level 3 securities by discounting the estimated future cash flows derived from cash flow models using assumptions that are confirmed to the extent possible by third party dealers or other pricing indicators. Significant inputs into those pricing models are Level 3 in nature due to the lack of readily available market quotes. Information utilized in those pricing models include the security’s credit rating, coupon rate, estimated prepayment speeds, expected weighted average life, collateral composition, estimated future interest rates, expected credit losses, and credit

16

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


enhancement as well as certain other relevant information. Significant changes in any of these inputs in isolation would result in a significantly different fair value measurement. Level 3 assets are generally most sensitive to the default rate and severity assumptions.

The table below presents information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for the Company's Level 3 non-Agency CMBS and RMBS as of September 30, 2015:
 
Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (1)
 
Prepayment Speed
 
Default Rate
 
Severity
 
Discount Rate
Non-Agency CMBS
20 CPY
 
2.0
%
 
35.0
%
 
10.9
%
Non-Agency RMBS
10 CPR
 
1.0
%
 
20.0
%
 
6.5
%
(1)
Data presented are weighted averages.

The activity of the instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs is presented in the following table for the period indicated:
 
Level 3 Fair Value
 
Non-Agency CMBS
 
Non-Agency RMBS
 
Total assets
Balance as of December 31, 2014
$
42,033

 
$
1,924

 
$
43,957

Unrealized gain (loss) included in OCI
1,770

 
(8
)
 
1,762

Principal payments
(23,201
)
 
(174
)
 
(23,375
)
Accretion
289

 
—

 
289

Balance as of September 30, 2015
$
20,891

 
$
1,742

 
$
22,633


The following table presents a summary of the recorded basis and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of the dates indicated:
 
September 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Recorded Basis
 
Fair Value
 
Recorded Basis
 
Fair Value
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
$
3,737,729

 
$
3,737,729

 
$
3,516,239

 
$
3,516,239

Mortgage loans held for investment, net(1)
27,439

 
24,064

 
39,700

 
35,024

Derivative assets
10,057

 
10,057

 
5,727

 
5,727

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Repurchase agreements (2)
$
3,055,069

 
$
3,055,069

 
$
3,013,110

 
$
3,013,110

FHLB advances (2)
255,000

 
255,000

 
—

 
—

Non-recourse collateralized financing (1)
8,581

 
8,240

 
10,786

 
10,366

Derivative liabilities
63,708

 
63,708

 
35,898

 
35,898

(1)
The Company determines the fair value of its mortgage loans held for investment, net and its non-recourse collateralized financing using internally developed cash flow models with inputs similar to those used to estimate fair value of the Company's Level 3 non-Agency MBS.
(2)
The carrying value of repurchase agreements and FHLB advances generally approximates fair value due to their short term maturities.


17

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


NOTE 8 – SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

Preferred Stock

The Company has 2,300,000 shares of its 8.50% Series A Preferred Stock and 2,250,000 shares of its 7.625% Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2015 (collectively, the "Preferred Stock"). The Preferred Stock has no maturity and will remain outstanding indefinitely unless redeemed or otherwise repurchased or converted into common stock pursuant to the terms of the Preferred Stock. Except under certain limited circumstances intended to preserve the Company's REIT status, upon the occurrence of a change in control as defined in Article IIIA, Section 7(d) of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, or to avoid the direct or indirect imposition of a penalty tax in respect of, or to protect the tax status of, any of the Company’s real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMIC”) interests or a REMIC in which the Company may acquire an interest (as permitted by the Company’s Articles of Incorporation), the Company may not redeem the Series A Preferred Stock prior to July 31, 2017 or the Series B Preferred Stock prior to April 30, 2018. On or after these dates, at any time and from time to time, the Preferred Stock may be redeemed in whole, or in part, at the Company's option at a cash redemption price of $25.00 per share plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends. The Series A Preferred Stock pays a cumulative cash dividend equivalent to 8.50% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share each year and the Series B Preferred Stock pays a cumulative cash dividend equivalent to 7.625% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share each year. Because the Preferred Stock is redeemable only at the option of the issuer, it is classified as equity on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The Company announced that it will pay its regular quarterly dividends on its Preferred Stock for the third quarter on October 15, 2015 to shareholders of record as of October 1, 2015.
    
Common Stock

The following table presents a summary of the changes in the number of common shares outstanding for the periods presented:
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
Balance as of beginning of period
54,739,111

 
54,310,484

Common stock issued under DRIP
16,862

 
12,459

Common stock issued under stock and incentive plans
263,829

 
471,210

Common stock forfeited for tax withholding on share-based compensation
(67,296
)
 
(59,336
)
Common stock repurchased during the period
(4,383,716
)
 
—

Balance as of end of period
50,568,790

 
54,734,817

 
The Company had 7,416,520 shares of common stock that remain available to offer and sell through its sales agent, JMP Securities LLC, under its "at the market", or "ATM" program, as of September 30, 2015.
    
The Company's Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan ("DRIP") allows registered shareholders to automatically reinvest some or all of their quarterly common stock dividends in shares of the Company’s common stock and provides an opportunity for investors to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock, potentially at a discount to the prevailing market price. Of the 3,000,000 shares reserved for issuance under the Company's DRIP, there were 2,433,283 shares remaining for issuance as of September 30, 2015. The Company declared a third quarter common stock dividend of $0.24 per share payable on October 30, 2015 to shareholders of record as of October 6, 2015. There was no discount for shares purchased through the DRIP during the third quarter of 2015.
    
Of the $50,000 authorized by the Company's Board of Directors for the repurchase of its common stock through December 31, 2016, approximately $18,948 remains available for repurchase at the Company's option as of September 30, 2015.

2009 Stock and Incentive Plan. Of the 2,500,000 shares of common stock authorized for issuance under its 2009 Stock and Incentive Plan, the Company had 994,096 available for issuance as of September 30, 2015. Total stock-based compensation expense recognized by the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $745 and $2,220, respectively, compared to $690 and $2,045, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014.
  
The following table presents a rollforward of the restricted stock activity for the periods indicated:

18

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
(amounts in thousands except share and per share data)


 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014 (1)
 
2015
 
2014 (1)
Restricted stock outstanding as of beginning of period
696,597

 
735,223

 
731,809

 
520,987

Restricted stock granted
—

 
—

 
263,829

 
457,538

Restricted stock vested
—

 
(3,414
)
 
(299,041
)
 
(246,716
)
Restricted stock outstanding as of end of period
696,597

 
731,809

 
696,597

 
731,809

(1) Amounts shown for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 have been adjusted from amounts previously disclosed to correct computational errors relating to vesting terms on grants made in the first quarter of 2013.

The combined grant date fair value of the restricted stock issued by the Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $2,167 compared to $3,703 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. As of September 30, 2015, the fair value of the Company’s outstanding restricted stock remaining to be amortized into compensation expense is $4,242 which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.

NOTE 9 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Management has evaluated events and circumstances occurring as of and through the date this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was filed with the SEC and has determined that there have been no significant events or circumstances that qualify as a "recognized" or "nonrecognized" subsequent event as defined by ASC Topic 855.



19

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and the accompanying notes included in Item 1. “Financial Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. References herein to “Dynex,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” include Dynex Capital, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. In addition to current and historical information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to our future business, financial condition or results of operations. For a description of certain factors that may have a significant impact on our future business, financial condition or results of operations, see “Forward-Looking Statements” at the end of this discussion and analysis.
    
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Company Overview

We are an internally managed mortgage real estate investment trust, or mortgage REIT, which invests in residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities on a leveraged basis. Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "DX". We also have two series of preferred stock outstanding, our 8.50% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the "Series A Preferred Stock") which is traded on the NYSE under the symbol "DXPRA", and our 7.625% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the "Series B Preferred Stock") which is traded on the NYSE under the symbol "DXPRB". Our objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our shareholders over the long term that are reflective of a leveraged, high quality fixed income portfolio with a focus on capital preservation. We seek to provide returns to our shareholders primarily through regular quarterly dividends, and also through capital appreciation.

We were formed in 1987 and commenced operations in 1988. From our inception through 2000, our operations largely consisted of originating and securitizing various types of loans, principally single-family and commercial mortgage loans and manufactured housing loans. Since 2000, we have been investing in Agency and non-Agency mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and are no longer originating or securitizing mortgage loans. MBS consist of residential MBS (“RMBS”) and commercial MBS (“CMBS”), including CMBS interest-only ("IO") securities. Agency MBS have a guaranty of principal payment by an agency of the U.S. government or a U.S. government-sponsored entity ("GSE") such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Non-Agency MBS have no such guaranty of payment.

Our primary source of income is net interest income, which is the excess of the interest income earned on our investments over the cost of financing these investments. We invest our capital pursuant to our Operating Policies as approved by our Board of Directors which include an Investment Policy and Investment Risk Policy. For more information see Part I, Item 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 under “Company Overview - Operating Policies and Restrictions.”

RMBS. Our Agency RMBS investments include MBS collateralized by adjustable-rate mortgage loans ("ARMs"), which have interest rates that generally will adjust at least annually to an increment over a specified interest rate index, and hybrid adjustable-rate mortgage loans ("hybrid ARMs"), which are loans that have a fixed rate of interest for a specified period (typically three to ten years) and then adjust their interest rate at least annually to an increment over a specified interest rate index. Agency ARMs also include hybrid Agency ARMs that are past their fixed-rate periods or within twelve months of their initial reset period. We may also invest in fixed-rate Agency RMBS from time to time.

We also invest in non-Agency RMBS, which do not carry a principal guarantee from the U.S. government or a GSE. Non-Agency RMBS are collateralized by non-conforming residential mortgage loans and credit tranched into different classes of securities with payments to junior classes subordinate to senior classes. We generally invest in senior classes of non-Agency RMBS that are of higher credit quality and which may include unrated securities that have sufficiently high collateralization to protect our investment from most credit losses on the underlying loans. Some of the non-Agency RMBS that we invest in may be collateralized by loans which are delinquent, the repayment of which is expected to come from foreclosure and liquidation of the underlying real estate. These loans typically have substantial over-collateralization to ensure the repayment of the non-Agency RMBS issued on that collateral.

20


CMBS. Our Agency and non-Agency CMBS are collateralized by first mortgage loans and are primarily fixed-rate securities but also include securities with rates that reset monthly based on an index rate, such as LIBOR. Loans underlying CMBS generally are geographically diverse, are fixed-rate, mature in ten to twelve years and have amortization terms of up to 30 years. Typically these loans have some form of prepayment protection provisions (such as prepayment lock-out) or prepayment compensation provisions (such as yield maintenance or prepayment penalty). Yield maintenance and prepayment penalty requirements are intended to create an economic disincentive for the loans to prepay.

CMBS IO. CMBS IO are securities which represent the right to receive interest payments (but not principal cash flows) based on the unpaid principal balance of the underlying pool of commercial mortgage loans. We invest in both Agency-issued and non-Agency issued CMBS IO. As these securities have no principal associated with them, the interest payments received are based on the unpaid principal balance of the underlying pool of mortgage loans, which is often referred to as the notional amount. CMBS IO securities generally have some level of prepayment protection in the form of lock-outs, prepayment penalties, or yield maintenance associated with the underlying loans similar to CMBS described above.

Financing. We finance our investments primarily through the use of uncommitted repurchase agreements and FHLB advances. We pledge our MBS as collateral to secure the loans and advances made by the counterparty. Repurchase agreements carry a rate of interest which is usually based on a spread to LIBOR and fixed for the term of the borrowing which is typically 30-180 days. Repurchase agreement financing is provided principally by major financial institutions and broker-dealers. FHLB advances can carry fixed or floating rates of interest.

Hedging. We use derivative instruments to mitigate our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates which could impact our earnings, cash flow or book value. Currently, we use interest rate swap agreements and Eurodollar futures as our principal hedging instruments. Given the nature of our investing and financing activities, in a period of rising interest rates our earnings and cash flow may be negatively impacted by borrowing costs increasing faster than income from our assets, and our book value may decline as a result of declining market values of our MBS. We enter into derivative instruments in an attempt to partially or fully mitigate our exposure to these events.

Factors that Affect Our Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Our overall financial results, including our net interest income, net income, and book value, are driven by the performance of our investment portfolio and related funding and derivative hedging activity which are impacted by multiple factors, many of which are related to macroeconomic factors beyond our control. These factors include, but are not limited to, the absolute level of interest rates, the relative steepness of interest rate curves, changes in market expectations of future interest rates, actual and estimated future prepayment rates on our investments, competition for investments, economic conditions and their impact on the credit performance of our investments, and market required yields as reflected by market credit spreads. In addition, the performance of our investment portfolio, the cost and availability of financing and the availability of investments at acceptable risk-adjusted returns could be influenced by actions and policy measures of the U.S. government including, but not limited to, the Federal Housing Finance Administration, the U. S. Department of the Treasury (the "Treasury"), and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the "Federal Reserve") and could also be influenced by reactions in U.S. markets from activities of central banks around the world.

Our business model may also be impacted by other factors such as the availability and cost of financing and the state of the overall credit markets. Reductions in the availability of financing for our investments could significantly impact our business and force us to sell assets that we otherwise would not sell, potentially at losses depending on market conditions. Regulatory developments since the 2008 financial crisis have impacted large U.S. domiciled banks and their broker dealer subsidiaries by requiring such entities to hold more capital against their assets, including reverse repurchase agreements. In general, this has led to reduced lending capacity in the repurchase agreement market, though we have not yet experienced a reduction in the availability of financing. Other factors also impacting our business include changes in regulatory requirements, including requirements to qualify for registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and REIT requirements.

Regulatory impacts on financial institutions, many of which are our trading and financing counterparties, continue to pose a threat in our view to the overall liquidity in the capital markets. In particular, higher capital requirements under U.S. banking regulations adopted in 2013 and 2014 and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act’s limitations on the

21

proprietary trading activities of large U.S. financial institutions could result in reduced liquidity in times of market stress. While the Federal Reserve continues to reinvest principal payments received on its Agency RMBS portfolio, it is unlikely that this activity will provide enough liquidity to the market in times of stress, which could result in volatile asset prices. Further, the impact on market liquidity of our investments and the financing markets could be negatively impacted if the Federal Reserve Open Market Committee (or "FOMC") begins to increase the targeted Federal Funds Rate or takes other actions which have the effect of tightening monetary policy.

In June 2015, our captive insurance subsidiary, Mackinaw Insurance Company, LLC. became a member of the FHLB of Indianapolis ("FHLBI"). As a member of the FHLBI, Mackinaw has access to a variety of products and services offered by the FHLB system, including short-term secured advances. In September 2014, the FHLBI's regulator, the Federal Housing Finance Administration ("FHFA") issued a notice of proposed rule making which, among other things, would exclude from membership in the FHLB system any captive insurance company which became a member of the FHLB after publication of the proposed rule, which would include Mackinaw. If the FHFA's proposed rule is adopted as the final rule, Mackinaw would be ineligible to continue as a member of the FHLBI as of the effective date of the final rule. Currently, the proposed rule is under reconsideration by the FHFA amid heavy pressure to not impose additional limits on membership in the FHLB system, particularly from the captive insurance industry and mortgage REITs. If the rule is adopted as proposed, Mackinaw would be required to immediately terminate such membership and to promptly repay any outstanding advances from the FHLBI.

As discussed above, investing in mortgage-related securities on a leveraged basis subjects us to a number of risks including interest rate risk, prepayment and reinvestment risk, credit risk, market value risk and liquidity risk, which are discussed in "Liquidity and Capital Resources" within this Item 2 and in Part I, Item 3 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as in Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of Part I, and in Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk" of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. Please see these Items for a detailed discussion of these risks and the potential impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

Highlights of the Third Quarter and First Nine Months of 2015

Fixed income markets have experienced an extended period of interest rate volatility during the first nine months 2015 as they continue to assess U.S. economic performance, the prospects for higher inflation, and potential actions by the Federal Reserve. The yield on 10-year U.S. Treasury securities began 2015 at 2.17%, briefly rallied to 1.64% before ending the first quarter of 2015 at 1.92%. The rally in Treasuries during the first quarter was driven by growing sentiment that economic growth in the U.S. was decelerating given signs of slower global economic growth.

During the second quarter of 2015, the 10-year U.S. Treasury sold-off from 1.92% to 2.35% and a steeper yield curve, as measured by the difference between the yield on the 2-year U.S. Treasury bonds versus the 10-year U.S. Treasury bonds, suggested positive signs of economic growth in the U.S. even though global economic growth continued to weaken and global central banks began easing monetary conditions. During the second quarter, the FOMC was guiding markets to anticipate an interest rate hike in 2015. As of June 30, 2015, market participants generally expected the FOMC to increase the targeted Federal Funds rate by 0.25% in December 2015, the first increase in that rate since 2006. The Federal Funds futures market, which serves as a market indicator of future FOMC policy, was also reflecting the expectation that the FOMC would continue increasing rates with four increases of 0.25% in the Federal Funds rate through 2016 and over six 0.25% increases through 2017.

During the third quarter of 2015, the financial markets substantially reset their expectations with respect to the timing and pace of changes in Federal Reserve monetary policy, and particularly increases to the Federal Funds rate, given continued global economic uncertainty and its potential impact on the U.S and relatively muted inflation. As a result, interest rates rallied similar to the first quarter of 2015 as can be seen in the table below and investment credit spreads widened amid heightened market volatility. As of September 30, 2015, the Federal Funds futures market is forecasting that the first rate increase by the FOMC is most probable in March 2016 and has reduced its expectations to approximately two 0.25% increases by the end of 2016 and a total of approximately four 0.25% increases through the end of 2017.

Below is a table comparing the interest rates for U.S. Treasury and interest swap rates as of September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015:

22

 
 
3 Month
 
6 Month
 
1 Year
 
2 Year
 
3 Year
 
5 Year
 
7 Year
 
10 Year
U.S. Treasury Rates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2015
—
 %
 
0.08
 %
 
0.33
 %
 
0.64
 %
 
0.92
 %
 
1.37
 %
 
1.75
 %
 
2.06
 %
 
June 30, 2015
0.01
 %
 
0.11
 %
 
0.28
 %
 
0.64
 %
 
1.01
 %
 
1.63
 %
 
2.07
 %
 
2.35
 %
 
Change
(0.01
)%
 
(0.03
)%
 
0.05
 %
 
—
 %
 
(0.09
)%
 
(0.26
)%
 
(0.32
)%
 
(0.29
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Swap Rates:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2015
0.33
 %
 
0.39
 %
 
0.50
 %
 
0.75
 %
 
0.99
 %
 
1.39
 %
 
1.70
 %
 
2.01
 %
 
June 30, 2015
0.28
 %
 
0.35
 %
 
0.51
 %
 
0.90
 %
 
1.25
 %
 
1.78
 %
 
2.14
 %
 
2.46
 %
 
Change
0.05
 %
 
0.04
 %
 
(0.01
)%
 
(0.15
)%
 
(0.26
)%
 
(0.39
)%
 
(0.44
)%
 
(0.45
)%

Given the environment discussed above, for the third quarter of 2015 we reported comprehensive loss to common shareholders of $(11.9) million, or $(0.22) per common share, net loss to common shareholders of $(39.3) million, or $(0.74) per common share, and a decline in book value of $(0.34) to $8.19 per common share as of September 30, 2015. Net loss to common shareholders and the decline in book value per common share resulted primarily from our investments under-performing relative to our derivative hedging instruments. During the third quarter of 2015, we recorded losses on derivative hedging instruments of $(52.7) million, of which $(47.5) million was due to the change in fair value as a result of the decline in interest rates, particularly on the long end of the yield curve. This loss was partially offset by $26.7 million of other comprehensive income from unrealized gains on our MBS. Prices of MBS moved higher during the quarter as a result of lower interest rates, but the widening in credit spreads during the quarter, particularly in Agency CMBS and non-Agency CMBS IO, partially offset the unrealized gains on MBS during the quarter.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, comprehensive loss to common shareholders was $(12.1) million, or $(0.22) per common share, net loss to common shareholders was $(22.9) million, or $(0.42) per common share, and book value per common share declined $(0.83) to $8.19 versus $9.02 at December 31, 2014. Similar to the third quarter, comprehensive loss and book value per common share for the year were impacted by our assets under-performing relative to our derivative hedging instruments, partially offset by the net interest income earned on our investment portfolio. Of the ($61.0) million net loss on derivative instruments for the nine month period, ($56.6) million was due to the change in fair value while the change in net unrealized gain on investments was $8.0 million. A portion of this difference was due to widening credit spreads on investments during the first nine months of 2015 and from valuation differences in our assets versus the related hedges (commonly referred to as basis risk). We also added derivatives during the year that experienced losses as interest rates rallied in the third quarter.

Core net operating income, a non-GAAP measure which excludes changes in fair value of MBS and derivatives as well as certain other items, was$12.5 million, or $0.24 per common share, for the third quarter of 2015. Sales of lower yielding RMBS late in the second quarter of 2015 and reinvestments into higher yielding CMBS and CMBS IO resulted in a larger average balance of investments and higher net interest spread, favorably impacting third quarter results by approximately $1.0 million, or $0.02 per common share. Core net operating income also increased by approximately $0.01 over the prior quarter due to the decrease in our weighted average common shares outstanding as a result of share repurchases. An increase of $1.7 million, or $0.03 per common share, in prepayment penalty income from CMBS and CMBS IO was partially offset by an increase of $1.1 million, or $0.02 per common share, in additional premium amortization resulting from differences in actual and projected prepayment speeds on Agency RMBS and a decrease in equity in income of limited partnership of $0.7 million, or $0.01 per common share. Actual prepayment speeds on the Company's Agency RMBS as measured by constant prepayment rate, or CPR, were 18.8% during the third quarter of 2015 versus 16.7% during the second quarter of 2015 as the overall lower rate environment has continued to result in higher prepayment speeds on RMBS.

Overall leverage increased to 6.4 times total shareholders’ equity as of September 30, 2015 from 6.2 times as of June 30, 2015 and from 5.1 times as of December 31, 2014. The increase in leverage during the third quarter is primarily due to our shareholders' equity declining faster than our total liabilities since June 30, 2015. Shareholders' equity declined primarily as a result of our comprehensive loss for the third quarter of 2015 and our stock repurchases of 3.5 million shares of common stock. We used our excess capital returned on our investments to fund these repurchases at an average price of $6.92 per common share, a substantial discount to book value which we believe will have accretion potential to shareholders in the coming months. Our

23

increase in leverage since December 31, 2014 is primarily the result of share repurchases of approximately 4.4 million shares during the past nine months as well as increased borrowings used to finance the higher credit quality CMBS we have been acquiring throughout 2015.

Management's Outlook

We have long held the view that global economic uncertainty would ultimately limit the ability of the FOMC to raise rates and should keep longer term rates in the U.S. low for the foreseeable future. As a result, we continue to maintain a positive duration gap (i.e., we are more sensitive to an increase in interest rates than a decrease in interest rates). Our duration gap as currently positioned exposes us to a bear flattener (where short-term rates increase quickly) or a parallel shift in interest rates (where all points on the curve increase by the same amount). Reducing our duration gap, however, would expose us to risk from a sudden downward movement in interest rates, an event which we deem has a reasonable probability of occurring given the weakness in global economic conditions. Credit spread widening on our assets remains the largest risk to our book value per common share. Spreads have widened throughout 2015, though further material widening of credit spreads in our opinion seems less likely unless there is an unexpected shock to the markets.

As noted above, we believe that the FOMC's ability to move rates higher is constrained at this point, given tepid U.S. and global economic performance, despite our view that the FOMC would prefer to raise rates. However, as we have noted before, if the FOMC raises the Federal Funds Rate in 2015, we expect our borrowing costs to rise and our net interest income and net interest spread to decline. A decline in our net interest income could result in a reduction of our common stock dividend depending, among other things, on the outlook for future increases in the Federal Funds rate. We will continue to actively manage hedging activity based on our view of Federal Reserve policy and the path of the Federal Funds Rate as well as the shape of the yield curve.

From an investment point of view, we continue to focus on multifamily Agency CMBS, Agency and non-Agency CMBS IO as well as selectively investing in RMBS focusing on re-performing and non-performing loan securitizations ("RPL/NPL securities"). We currently see less value in hybrid ARMs given the lack of supply which has increased prices and reduced available yields on this investment. With credit spreads widening in the third quarter of 2015, risk-adjusted returns on new investments are now more compelling than in prior quarters. We expect that liquidity concerns of market participants could lead to buying opportunities of these assets heading into the year end. Because our common shares continue to trade at a substantial discount to book value, we will continue to evaluate the benefits of repurchasing of our common stock versus the improved returns on new investment opportunities as we decide how to allocate our capital going forward.

From a financing point of view, we expect to continue to expand our business with the FHLBI, which represents a potential source of stable and lower cost financing for our high credit-quality investments. As noted above under "Factors That Affect Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations", Mackinaw's membership as a captive insurer in the FHLB system is under review by the FHFA. We are optimistic that the FHFA will give captive insurer members and the FHLB system ample time and opportunity to address its concerns.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based in large part upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP.  The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base these estimates and judgments on historical experience and assumptions believed to be reasonable under current facts and circumstances. Actual results, however, may differ from the estimated amounts we have recorded. The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations also consider certain non-GAAP measures as described in "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" in this Part I, Item 2.
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that require management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, and which may result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. Our accounting policies that require the most significant management estimates, judgments, or assumptions, or that management believes includes the most significant uncertainties, and are considered most critical to our results of operations or financial position relate to fair value measurements, amortization of investment premiums, and other-than-temporary impairments. Our critical accounting policies are discussed in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report

24

on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 under “Critical Accounting Policies”. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

The chart below presents the amortized cost of our MBS investments by collateral and issuer type as of the end of the last four quarters.
    
    
Since December 31, 2014, we have been shifting our capital away from Agency RMBS investments in order to reduce our prepayment risk exposure by focusing on the Agency CMBS sector which generally provide more stable cash flows and have more protection from prepayment risk as a result of prepayment penalty and other yield maintenance provisions. The following sections provide additional information on the details of our investment portfolio as well as related financing.

RMBS

Activity related to our RMBS for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 is as follows:
($ in thousands)
Agency RMBS
 
Non-Agency RMBS
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2014
$
2,186,700

 
$
22,448

 
$
2,209,148

Purchases
—

 
72,688

 
72,688

Principal payments
(310,845
)
 
(24,320
)
 
(335,165
)
Sales
(155,932
)
 
—

 
(155,932
)
Net (amortization) accretion
(18,262
)
 
35

 
(18,227
)
Change in fair value
9,212

 
(209
)
 
9,003

Balance as of September 30, 2015
$
1,710,873

 
$
70,642

 
$
1,781,515


Our investment in RMBS as of September 30, 2015 has decreased since December 31, 2014 as principal paydowns and sales have outpaced purchases. Our RMBS are collateralized substantially by ARMs and hybrid ARMs which carry greater prepayment risk in the current low interest rate environment. During the past nine months, we have sold certain lower yielding

25

Agency ARMs that were at or near their interest rate reset periods and which were expected to reset at interest rates lower than their current coupon.

As of September 30, 2015, approximately 96% of our variable-rate Agency RMBS portfolio resets based on one-year LIBOR, which was 0.85% as of September 30, 2015. The following table presents the reset margin and weighted average coupon (“WAC”) by weighted average months to reset ("MTR") for the variable-rate portion of our Agency RMBS portfolio based on par value as of the dates indicated:
 
September 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
($ in thousands)
Par Value
 
Reset Margin
 
WAC
 
Par Value
 
Reset Margin
 
WAC
0-12 MTR
$
342,290

 
1.80
%
 
2.70
%
 
$
486,638

 
1.77
%
 
2.75
%
13-36 MTR
380,980

 
1.79
%
 
3.54
%
 
286,741

 
1.84
%
 
3.87
%
37-60 MTR
118,689

 
1.80
%
 
2.94
%
 
399,643

 
1.79
%
 
3.22
%
61-84 MTR
505,025

 
1.79
%
 
3.17
%
 
268,864

 
1.80
%
 
3.54
%
85-120 MTR
269,116

 
1.61
%
 
2.55
%
 
627,772

 
1.69
%
 
2.75
%
ARMs and Hybrid ARMs
1,616,100

 
1.76
%
 
3.04
%
 
2,069,658

 
1.77
%
 
3.10
%
Fixed
15,842

 


 
2.50
%
 
17,149

 
 
 
2.51
%
Total
$
1,631,942

 
 
 
3.04
%
 
$
2,086,807

 
 
 
3.09
%
    
As shown in the preceding table, the weighted average coupon we earned on each MTR category was lower as of September 30, 2015 compared to December 31, 2014. These lower coupons combined with lower balances of Agency RMBS resulted in declining interest income from our Agency RMBS during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

We have increased our non-Agency RMBS portfolio since December 31, 2014 with purchases of senior tranches of non-performing loan securities with short durations ranging between one and two years. Although these investments do not have a credit rating issued by any of the nationally recognized statistical ratings organization, they have substantial credit enhancement within the securitization structure, and we believe that they offer an attractive return profile with relatively stable cash flows. These non-Agency RMBS were purchased at or near par and had a weighted average yield of 3.54% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

CMBS

Our Agency CMBS are collateralized primarily by fixed rate mortgage loans secured by multifamily properties. Our non-Agency CMBS are collateralized by fixed rate mortgage loans secured by income producing properties such as office, retail, and multifamily. Both Agency and non-Agency CMBS will generally have some form of prepayment protection provisions (such as prepayment lock-outs) or prepayment compensation provisions (such as yield maintenance or prepayment penalties) to prevent early voluntary prepayment of principal.

Activity related to our CMBS for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 is as follows:


26

($ in thousands)
Agency CMBS
 
Non-Agency CMBS
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2014
$
335,197

 
$
208,038

 
$
543,235

Purchases
767,277

 
12,999

 
780,276

Principal payments
(24,448
)
 
(28,157
)
 
(52,605
)
Sales
(99,709
)
 
—

 
(99,709
)
Net (amortization) accretion
(4,188
)
 
210

 
(3,978
)
Change in fair value
1,374

 
849

 
2,223

Balance as of September 30, 2015
$
975,503

 
$
193,939

 
$
1,169,442


Our CMBS portfolio has increased over 115% since December 31, 2014. Approximately 98% of our purchases during the past nine months were new issue Agency CMBS. Agency CMBS have offered more compelling risk-adjusted returns and a more stable cash flow profile amid the volatile interest rate environment during the year, given their limited prepayment and extension risks compared to RMBS.
 
The following table presents the par value, amortized cost, and weighted average months to estimated maturity of our CMBS investments as of September 30, 2015 by year of origination:
 
 
September 30, 2015
CMBS by year of origination:
 
Par Value
 
Amortized Cost
 
Months to Estimated Maturity (1)
($ in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
2008 and prior
 
$
98,909

 
$
94,571

 
35
2009 to 2012
 
262,058

 
272,278

 
44
2013 to 2014
 
110,247

 
110,647

 
51
2015
 
667,920

 
668,310

 
123
 
 
$
1,139,134

 
$
1,145,806

 
90
(1)
Months to estimated maturity is an average weighted by the amortized cost of the investment.

The following table presents the geographic diversification of the collateral underlying our non-Agency CMBS by the top 5 states as of September 30, 2015:
 
September 30, 2015
($ in thousands)
Fair Value
 
Percentage
Florida
$
60,039

 
31.0
%
California
22,023

 
11.4
%
Texas
21,332

 
11.0
%
North Carolina
13,514

 
7.0
%
Arizona
12,677

 
6.5
%
Remaining states (not exceeding 6.1% individually)
64,354

 
33.1
%
 
$
193,939

 
100.0
%

The following table presents the fair value of the non-Agency CMBS by the property type of the collateral underlying those securities as of September 30, 2015:

27

 
September 30, 2015
($ in thousands)
Fair Value
 
Percentage
Single Family Rental
$
101,164

 
52.2
%
Multifamily
44,994

 
23.2
%
Office
30,886

 
15.9
%
Industrial
4,355

 
2.2
%
Other (none exceeding 5% individually)
12,540

 
6.5
%
 
$
193,939

 
100.0
%

CMBS IO

The majority of our CMBS IO investments are collateralized primarily by fixed rate mortgage loans. Agency CMBS IO are exclusively collateralized by multifamily properties and non-Agency CMBS IO are secured by income producing properties such as office, retail, and hotel. Both types of CMBS IO have some form of prepayment protection (such as prepayment lock-outs) or prepayment compensation provisions (such as yield maintenance or prepayment penalties). Our CMBS IO investments are investment grade-rated with the majority rated 'AAA' by at least one of the nationally recognized statistical ratings organizations.

Activity related to our CMBS IO for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 is as follows:

($ in thousands) (1)
Agency CMBS IO
 
Non-Agency CMBS IO
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2014
$
438,737

 
$
325,119

 
$
763,856

Purchases
79,443

 
122,579

 
202,022

Principal payments
—

 
—

 
—

Sales
(40,359
)
 
(43,403
)
 
(83,762
)
Net (amortization) accretion
(56,021
)
 
(36,118
)
 
(92,139
)
Change in fair value
(674
)
 
(2,531
)
 
(3,205
)
Balance as of September 30, 2015
$
421,126

 
$
365,646

 
$
786,772

(1)
Amounts shown for CMBS IO represent premium only and exclude underlying notional balances.


The following table presents our CMBS IO investments as of September 30, 2015 by year of origination:

28

 
 
September 30, 2015
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
CMBS IO by year of origination:
 
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
 
Average Yield
($ in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
2010
 
$
13,713

 
$
14,541

 
4.39
%
2011
 
52,024

 
55,746

 
4.66
%
2012
 
138,327

 
142,902

 
3.82
%
2013
 
161,547

 
164,774

 
3.65
%
2014
 
237,208

 
239,504

 
3.84
%
2015
 
169,146

 
169,305

 
3.77
%
 
 
$
771,965

 
$
786,772

 
3.85
%

The following table presents the geographic diversification of the collateral underlying our non-Agency CMBS IO by the top 5 states as of September 30, 2015:
 
September 30, 2015
($ in thousands)
Fair Value
 
Percentage
California
$
46,031

 
12.6
%
Texas
40,495

 
11.1
%
New York
34,276

 
9.4
%
Florida
31,227

 
8.5
%
Georgia
13,767

 
3.8
%
Remaining states (not exceeding 3.5% individually)
199,850

 
54.6
%
 
$
365,646

 
100.0
%

The following table presents the fair value of the non-Agency CMBS IO by the property type of the collateral underlying those securities as of September 30, 2015:
 
September 30, 2015
($ in thousands)
Fair Value
 
Percentage
Retail
$
101,521

 
27.8
%
Multifamily
81,275

 
22.2
%
Office
66,282

 
18.1
%
Hotel
49,419

 
13.5
%
Other (none exceeding 5% individually)
67,149

 
18.4
%
 
$
365,646

 
100.0
%

Derivative Assets and Liabilities
    
Our derivative assets and liabilities consist of interest rate swap agreements and Eurodollar futures, which we use to hedge our earnings and book value exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. Eurodollar futures represent forward starting 3-month LIBOR contracts and allow us to synthetically replicate swap curves and/or hedge specific points on the swap curve where we

29

may have duration risk by shorting contracts at various points of the LIBOR curve. We use both pay-fixed and receive-fixed interest rate swaps to manage our overall hedge position. As of September 30, 2015, the weighted average notional amount of interest rate derivatives that will be effective for future periods are shown in the following table:
Effective Period
 
Pay-Fixed Interest Rate Swaps
 
Pay-Fixed
Weighted Average
Rate (1)
 
Receive-Fixed Interest Rate Swaps
 
Receive-Fixed
Weighted Average
Rate (1)
 
Eurodollar Futures (2)
 
Eurodollar Futures
Weighted-Average
Rate (1)
($ in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Remainder of 2015
 
$
865,000

 
1.53
%
 
$
325,000

 
1.95
%
 
$
—

 
—
%
Effective 2016
 
2,207,896

 
1.45
%
 
325,000

 
1.95
%
 
—

 
—
%
Effective 2017
 
2,116,534

 
1.48
%
 
325,000

 
1.95
%
 
212,534

 
3.40
%
Effective 2018
 
1,105,000

 
1.74
%
 
325,000

 
1.95
%
 
681,027

 
3.74
%
Effective 2019
 
964,027

 
1.79
%
 
249,863

 
1.96
%
 
487,055

 
4.00
%
Effective 2020
 
716,516

 
2.28
%
 
50,000

 
2.23
%
 
194,604

 
4.56
%
Effective 2021
 
785,000

 
2.51
%
 
25,000

 
2.71
%
 
—

 
—
%
Effective 2022
 
713,082

 
2.68
%
 
25,000

 
2.71
%
 
—

 
—
%
Effective 2023
 
592,534

 
2.68
%
 
25,000

 
2.71
%
 
—

 
—
%
Effective 2024
 
585,000

 
2.69
%
 
17,896

 
2.71
%
 
—

 
—
%
Effective 2025
 
200,959

 
2.85
%
 
—

 
—
%
 
—

 
—
%
(1) Weighted average rate is based on the weighted average notional outstanding.
(2) Eurodollar futures are based on an annual weighted average notional outstanding.

30


During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we added pay-fixed interest rate swaps, net of receive-fixed, with a notional of $2.3 billion, net of terminated instruments, at a net weighted average pay-fixed rate of 1.02%, of which $2.2 billion are forward-starting. We terminated $10.3 billion of Eurodollar futures with a weighted average rate of 1.98%. Please refer to Note 4 of the Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as "Loss on Derivative Instruments, Net" within "Results of Operations" contained within this Part 1, Item 2 for additional information related to our derivative assets and liabilities.

Repurchase Agreements and FHLB Advances
 
Our repurchase agreement borrowings as of September 30, 2015 were relatively unchanged compared to December 31, 2014. Our investment purchases, net of sales and principal paydowns for the past nine months were approximately $327.8 million. The majority of our investment purchases were Agency CMBS which we financed using proceeds from sales of Agency RMBS as well as $255.0 million in FHLB advances as of September 30, 2015. FHLB advances provide a more stable source of funding and lower costs of financing.

We have reduced the combined weighted average original term to maturity for our repurchase agreements to 57 days as of September 30, 2015 from 144 days as of December 31, 2014 by rolling our longer term borrowings at their maturity dates into shorter term borrowings in order to minimize increases in our interest expense. The cost of longer maturity borrowings has increased significantly compared to December 31, 2014 as a result of our lenders anticipating increases by the FOMC of the Federal Funds rate throughout the first nine months of 2015.

As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, approximately 84% and 86%, respectively, of our repurchase agreement and FHLB borrowings were collateralized with Agency MBS which carry lower liquidity and credit risk than non-Agency MBS.

31

The following table presents the amount pledged and leverage against the fair value of our non-Agency MBS investments by credit rating as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
 
September 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
($ in thousands)
Fair Value
 
Amount Pledged
 
Related Borrowings
 
Fair Value
 
Amount Pledged
 
Related Borrowings
Non-Agency CMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AAA
$
85,740

 
$
85,198

 
$
77,024

 
$
73,553

 
$
8,133

 
$
7,279

AA
52,643

 
52,642

 
47,221

 
65,937

 
65,937

 
57,619

A
35,859

 
35,859

 
29,958

 
30,828

 
30,828

 
25,384

Below A/Not Rated
19,697

 
10,340

 
8,298

 
37,720

 
35,318

 
24,613

   
$
193,939

 
$
184,039

 
$
162,501

 
$
208,038

 
$
140,216

 
$
114,895

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Agency CMBS IO:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AAA
$
306,555

 
$
306,545

 
$
258,266

 
$
321,154

 
$
311,184

 
$
263,510

AA
56,397

 
55,488

 
47,109

 
1,057

 
1,057

 
1,005

Below A/Not Rated
2,694

 
2,694

 
2,280

 
2,908

 
2,908

 
2,467

 
$
365,646


$
364,727

 
$
307,655

 
$
325,119

 
$
315,149

 
$
266,982

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Below A/Not Rated
$
70,642

 
$
70,045

 
$
56,993

 
$
22,448

 
$
21,787

 
$
17,594

 
$
70,642

 
$
70,045

 
$
56,993

 
$
22,448

 
$
21,787

 
$
17,594


Please refer to Note 3 of the Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements contained within Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as "Interest Expense, Cost of Funds, and Effective Borrowings Costs" within "Results of Operations" and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” contained within this Part 1, Item 2 for additional information relating to our borrowings.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The discussions that follow provide information on certain items on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and include non-GAAP financial measures which management uses in its internal analysis of financial and operating performance. Please read the section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" contained at the end of this section for additional important information.

We had a comprehensive loss to common shareholders of $(11.9) million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 compared to comprehensive income to common shareholders of $14.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The significant difference in our results for these two periods is primarily explained by the differences in the macroeconomic environment of the third quarter of 2015 compared to the third quarter of 2014.

As discussed in "Highlights of the Third Quarter and First Nine Months of 2015", the third quarter of 2015 was a period of heightened market volatility, resulting in a rally in interest rates and a widening of credit spreads. As a result, we experienced unfavorable changes in the fair value of derivatives of ($51.0) million, partially offset by favorable changes in the fair value of our MBS of $26.7 million. In contrast, credit spreads on MBS in the the third quarter of 2014 were generally tighter as lower volatility drove demand for fixed income assets. We took that opportunity to sell certain of our assets most at risk to experience spread widening from a return of volatility, which resulted in $9.1 million in net realized gain on sales of investments. The spread tightening during the third quarter of 2014 offset the impact of higher interest rates on the fair value of our investments. As a result, we experienced a net increase in the fair value of our derivatives, net of MBS, of $0.2 million for the third quarter of 2014 compared to a net decrease in fair value of derivatives, net of MBS, of ($24.3) million during the same quarter in 2015.


32

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we had a comprehensive loss to common shareholders of $(12.1) million compared to comprehensive income to common shareholders of $67.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Similar to the third quarter comparison above, these periods had significant differences in their macroeconomic environments. While we have been experiencing heightened market volatility and widening credit spreads for the the majority of 2015, the first nine months of 2014 marked a period of subdued volatility and tighter credit spreads. As a result, the change in fair value of derivatives, net of MBS was a net unfavorable $48.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to a net favorable change in fair value of MBS, net of derivatives of $(25.7) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

Interest Income and Asset Yields

Interest income includes gross interest earned from the coupon rate on the securities, effects of premium amortization and discount accretion, and other interest income resulting from prepayment penalty income or other yield maintenance items. The following tables present information regarding interest income earned and effective yield on our MBS by collateral type for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
($ in thousands)
Interest Income
 
Average
Balance (1)
 
Effective Yield (2)
 
Interest Income
 
Average
Balance (1)
 
Effective Yield (2)
RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
$
5,897

 
$
1,782,348

 
1.68
%
 
$
10,446

 
$
2,411,409

 
1.80
%
Non-Agency
665

 
73,234

 
3.63
%
 
134

 
11,172

 
4.61
%
 
6,562

 
1,855,582

 
1.76
%
 
10,580

 
2,422,581

 
1.82
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CMBS:


 
 
 
 
 


 


 
 
Agency
6,986

 
963,236

 
2.91
%
 
2,747

 
326,068

 
3.48
%
Non-Agency
4,700

 
200,827

 
5.53
%
 
4,663

 
345,544

 
5.37
%
 
11,686

 
1,164,063

 
3.36
%
 
7,410

 
671,612

 
4.45
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CMBS IO:


 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 
 
Agency
4,047

 
419,573

 
3.80
%
 
4,506

 
405,987

 
4.24
%
Non-Agency
3,470

 
350,383

 
3.91
%
 
2,711

 
269,409

 
3.99
%
 
7,517

 
769,956

 
3.85
%
 
7,217

 
675,396

 
4.14
%
 


 


 
 
 


 


 


Total MBS portfolio:
$
25,765

 
$
3,789,601

 
2.68
%
 
$
25,207

 
$
3,769,589

 
2.70
%


33

 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
($ in thousands)
Interest Income
 
Average
Balance (1)
 
Effective Yield (2)
 
Interest Income
 
Average
Balance (1)
 
Effective Yield (2)
RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency
$
24,267

 
$
1,964,949

 
1.69
%
 
$
33,479

 
$
2,517,939

 
1.79
%
Non-Agency
1,718

 
62,707

 
3.65
%
 
808

 
13,792

 
6.99
%
 
25,985

 
2,027,656

 
1.75
%
 
34,287

 
2,531,731

 
1.82
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CMBS:


 
 
 
 
 


 


 
 
Agency
16,354

 
697,808

 
3.08
%
 
8,827

 
325,151

 
3.57
%
Non-Agency
9,322

 
204,168

 
5.66
%
 
14,821

 
357,240

 
5.52
%
 
25,676

 
901,976

 
3.66
%
 
23,648

 
682,391

 
4.59
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CMBS IO:


 


 


 


 


 
 
Agency
12,088

 
420,057

 
3.82
%
 
14,437

 
435,889

 
4.36
%
Non-Agency
9,939

 
334,330

 
3.94
%
 
6,732

 
217,884

 
4.09
%

22,027

 
754,387

 
3.88
%
 
21,169

 
653,773

 
4.27
%
 


 
 
 


 


 


 


Total MBS portfolio:
$
73,688

 
$
3,684,019

 
2.65
%
 
$
79,104

 
$
3,867,895

 
2.72
%
(1) Average balances are calculated as a simple average of the daily amortized cost and exclude unrealized gains and losses as well as securities pending settlement if applicable.
(2) Effective yields are weighted by average balance of the investments and based on annualized amounts. Recalculation of effective yields may not be possible using data provided because certain components of interest income use a 360-day year for the calculation while others use actual number of days in the year.

The following tables present the estimated impact of changes in average balances and average yields on interest income for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2015 vs. September 30, 2014
 
September 30, 2015 vs. September 30, 2014
 
 
 
Due to Change in
 
 
 
Due to Change in
($ in thousands)
Increase (Decrease)
 
Average Balance
 
Effective Yield
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
Average Balance
 
Effective Yield
RMBS
$
(4,018
)
 
$
(2,605
)
 
$
(1,413
)
 
$
(8,302
)
 
$
(7,024
)
 
$
(1,278
)
CMBS
4,276

 
5,864

 
(1,588
)
 
2,028

 
3,621

 
(1,593
)
CMBS IO
300

 
968

 
(668
)
 
858

 
3,123

 
(2,265
)
Total
$
558

 
$
4,227

 
$
(3,669
)
 
$
(5,416
)
 
$
(280
)
 
$
(5,136
)

Interest income increased for the three months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014 because we carried a larger average balance of investments for the third quarter of 2015 versus the same quarter in the prior year. We have shifted our investment mix over the past year by reinvesting proceeds received from principal paydowns and sales of RMBS into CMBS as we believe CMBS currently have a better risk-return profile, given their generally predictable cash flow structure.

Interest income from RMBS decreased for the third quarter of 2015 compared to the third quarter of 2014 primarily because of the decline in the average balance of RMBS as a result of the portfolio shift mentioned above. In addition, interest income and effective yield for RMBS decreased because additional amortization expense as a result of higher prepayment speeds during the third quarter of 2015 had an unfavorable impact of $2.1 million, or 12 basis points of effective yield, compared to an unfavorable impact of $0.6 million, or 3 basis points of effective yield, during the third quarter of 2014. Likewise, the decrease in interest income from RMBS for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014 was also the result of having a lower average balance of RMBS. Interest income and effective yield for RMBS also decreased as a result of higher premium amortization expense of $2.3 million, or 11 basis points of effective yield, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to $1.3 million, or 5 basis points of effective yield, for the same period in 2014.

34


The overall increase in interest income from CMBS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was driven primarily by our purchases of Agency CMBS during the past nine months. Although the average balance of Agency CMBS was higher for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, the effective yields were lower for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same periods in 2014 because the recently purchased Agency CMBS were acquired when rates and credit spreads were at lower levels than for those existing in the Agency CMBS portfolio as of September 30, 2014. In contrast, while our non-Agency CMBS average balance was lower for the third quarter of 2015 compared to the same quarter in 2014, it earned a higher effective yield as a result of prepayment penalty income of $2.6 million received in the third quarter of 2015.

With respect to CMBS IO, interest income increased for the third quarter of 2015 compared to the third quarter of 2014 because of the increase in average balance of CMBS IO as a result of purchases during the past twelve months, the majority of which were non-Agency. The growth in the average balance slightly outweighed the impact of a lower effective yield which was lower for the third quarter of 2015 compared to the third quarter of 2014 because we earned prepayment penalty income of $0.3 million, or 1 basis point of effective yield, from CMBS IO during the third quarter of 2015 compared to $2.0 million, or 7 basis points of effective yield, for the third quarter of 2014. In addition, yields on CMBS IO we have purchased since September 30, 2014 have been lower than those in the existing portfolio as of September 30, 2014. The increase in interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same period in 2015 was also driven primarily by growth in the average balance outweighing the impact of lower effective yields. Although prepayment penalty income was higher at $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to $2.7 million for the same period in 2014, the impact on effective yield for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was lower at 5 basis points compared to an impact of 13 basis points for the same period in 2014 because of the larger average balance outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.

The following tables present information regarding net premium amortization by collateral type for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
($ in thousands)
Net Premium Amortization
 
Average Balance of Unamortized Premium, Net
 
Net Premium Amortization
 
Average Balance of Unamortized Premium, Net
RMBS
$
6,880

 
$
88,718

 
$
7,361

 
$
128,636

CMBS
1,274

 
7,296

 
1,036

 
3,444

CMBS IO
$
31,504

 
769,956

 
29,483

 
675,396

 
$
39,658

 
$
865,970

 
$
37,880

 
$
807,476

 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
($ in thousands)
Net Premium Amortization
 
Average Balance of Unamortized Premium, Net
 
Net Premium Amortization
 
Average Balance of Unamortized Premium, Net
RMBS
18,226

 
$
100,219

 
$
23,000

 
$
136,850

CMBS
3,977

 
8,495

 
2,719

 
2,610

CMBS IO
92,140

 
754,387

 
79,166

 
653,773

 
$
114,343

 
$
863,101

 
$
104,885

 
$
793,233


The rate at which we amortize the premiums we pay for our investments is impacted by actual and forecasted prepayments, which is measured by the constant prepayment rate ("CPR") for Agency RMBS. The following table provides the actual CPRs for our Agency RMBS for the periods indicated:

35

 
Three Months Ended
 
September 30, 2015
 
June 30, 2015
 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
September 30, 2014
Agency RMBS
18.8
%
 
16.7
%
 
12.4
%
 
12.5
%
 
15.3
%

As mentioned above, the continuing low interest rate environment resulted in increased prepayment speeds for our Agency RMBS for the third quarter of 2015 and for the majority of 2015. As a result primarily of a modest increase in our projected prepayment speeds, we expensed approximately $2.1 million of additional premium amortization for our Agency RMBS for the third quarter of 2015 compared to $0.6 million for the same quarter in 2014 and approximately $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to $1.3 million for the same period in 2014.
    
Interest Expense, Cost of Funds, and Effective Borrowing Cost

The following table summarizes the components of interest expense as well as average balances and cost of funds for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
($ in thousands)
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
Interest expense on repurchase agreement borrowings
$
4,890

 
$
4,586

 
$
13,821

 
$
14,848

Interest expense on FHLB advances
94

 
—

 
100

 
—

Amortization of de-designated cash flow hedges (1)
857

 
1,442

 
2,772

 
5,339

Non-recourse collateralized financing and other interest expense
18

 
30

 
79

 
76

Total interest expense
$
5,859

 
$
6,058

 
$
16,772

 
$
20,263




 


 


 


Average balance of repurchase agreements
$
3,220,391

 
$
3,352,599

 
$
3,208,142

 
$
3,434,354

Average balance of FHLB advances
176,747

 
—

 
62,785

 
—

Average balance of non-recourse collateralized financing
8,712

 
11,626

 
9,615

 
12,204

Average balance of borrowings
$
3,405,850

 
$
3,364,225

 
$
3,280,542

 
$
3,446,558

Cost of funds
0.67
%
 
0.70
%
 
0.67
%
 
0.78
%
(1) Amount recorded in accordance with GAAP related to the amortization of the balance remaining in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of June 30, 2013 as a result of our discontinuation of cash flow hedge accounting.

The following table presents the differences in interest expense for the comparative periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
($ in thousands)
September 30, 2015 vs. September 30, 2014
 
September 30, 2015 vs. September 30, 2014
Increase (decrease) in average balance
$
57

 
$
(719
)
Increase (decrease) in average rate
329

 
(205
)
Decrease in amortization of de-designated cash flow hedges
(585
)
 
(2,567
)
Total change in interest expense
$
(199
)
 
$
(3,491
)
    
The decrease in our interest expense for the third quarter of 2015 compared to the third quarter of 2014 is due to a decline in amortization expense of de-designated cash flow hedges. Excluding that amortization, our interest expense increased as a result of having a higher average borrowing rate and larger average balance outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014. The average rate of our borrowings was 0.57% for the third quarter of 2015 compared to 0.54% for the third quarter of 2014. The lower volatility environment (particularly related to market expectations of FOMC monetary policy actions in 2015 versus 2014) experienced during the third quarter of 2014 favorably impacted the availability and cost of repurchase agreement financing during that period. In addition, repurchase agreement borrowings that matured during the third quarter of 2015 were rolled over into new agreements in a higher interest rate environment than when initially borrowed as lenders began to price in expectations for increases in the Federal Funds Rate in September 2015. Finally, the average rate for

36

our borrowings was favorably impacted by 2 basis points for the third quarter of 2015 as a result of the replacement of a portion of our repurchase agreement financing with FHLB advances at an average borrowing rate of 0.21%.

Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 decreased compared to the same period in 2014 primarily as a result of lower amortization expense of de-designated cash flow hedges. In addition, interest expense decreased because we had a lower average balance of borrowings outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014 due to a lower average balance of MBS for the 2015 period versus the 2014 period. The average borrowing rate was approximately 1 basis point lower for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014 as a result of replacing a portion of repurchase agreement financing with FHLB advances as mentioned above.    

Because we use derivative instruments as economic hedges of our interest rate risk exposure, management considers net periodic interest costs from effective derivative instruments to be an additional cost of financing investments. As such, management utilizes a non-GAAP financial measure "effective borrowing cost" which includes the net periodic interest costs of our effective derivative instruments excluded from GAAP interest expense. Effective borrowing cost is included in the calculation of adjusted net interest income, a component of core net operating income discussed further below. The tables below present the reconciliation of GAAP interest expense and cost of funds to our effective borrowing cost and rate for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
($ in thousands)
Amount
 
Rate
 
Amount
 
Rate
GAAP interest expense/cost of funds
$
5,859

 
0.67
 %
 
$
6,058

 
0.70
 %
Amortization of de-designated cash flow hedges (1)
(857
)
 
(0.10
)%
 
(1,442
)
 
(0.17
)%
Net periodic interest costs of derivative instruments
1,752

 
0.21
 %
 
2,271

 
0.27
 %
Effective borrowing cost/rate
$
6,754

 
0.78
 %
 
$
6,887

 
0.80
 %
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
($ in thousands)
Amount
 
Rate
 
Amount
 
Rate
GAAP interest expense/cost of funds
$
16,772

 
0.67
 %
 
$
20,263

 
0.78
 %
Amortization of de-designated cash flow hedges (1)
(2,772
)
 
(0.11
)%
 
(5,339
)
 
(0.21
)%
Net periodic interest costs of derivative instruments
4,407

 
0.18
 %
 
7,154

 
0.27
 %
Effective borrowing cost/rate
$
18,407

 
0.74
 %
 
$
22,078

 
0.84
 %
(1)
Amount recorded as a portion of "interest expense" in accordance with GAAP and is related to the amortization of the balance in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of June 30, 2013 related to the derivatives for which we discontinued cash flow hedge accounting.
    
Our net periodic interest costs were lower for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the respective periods in 2014 because we held a lower net average notional balance of derivative instruments at a lower net pay-fixed rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same periods in 2014.

Net Interest Income and Net Interest Spread

The tables below present net interest income and related net interest spread for all of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities pursuant to GAAP, and also present the non-GAAP measures "adjusted net interest income" and "adjusted net interest spread" for the periods indicated. "Adjusted net interest income" and "adjusted net interest spread" are calculated using the non-GAAP measure "effective borrowing cost/rate" reconciled in the table above, and therefore include net periodic interest cost of derivative instruments whereas GAAP net interest income and GAAP net interest spread do not.

37

 
Three Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
($ in thousands)
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
GAAP interest income
$
26,096

 
2.69
 %
 
$
26,000

 
2.73
 %
GAAP interest expense
5,859

 
0.67
 %
 
6,058

 
0.70
 %
Net interest income/spread
20,237

 
2.02
 %
 
19,942

 
2.03
 %
Amortization of de-designated cash flow hedges (1)
857

 
0.10
 %
 
1,442

 
0.17
 %
Net periodic interest costs of derivative instruments
(1,752
)
 
(0.21
)%
 
(2,271
)
 
(0.27
)%
Adjusted net interest income/spread
$
19,342

 
1.91
 %
 
$
19,113

 
1.93
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average interest earning assets (2)
$
3,818,142

 
 
 
$
3,820,898

 
 
Average balance of borrowings (3)
$
3,405,850

 
 
 
$
3,364,225

 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
($ in thousands)
Amount
 
Yield
 
Amount
 
Yield
GAAP interest income
$
74,722

 
2.67
 %
 
$
81,359

 
2.76
 %
GAAP interest expense
16,772

 
0.67
 %
 
20,263

 
0.78
 %
Net interest income/spread
57,950

 
2.00
 %
 
61,096

 
1.98
 %
Amortization of de-designated cash flow hedges (1)
2,772

 
0.11
 %
 
5,339

 
0.21
 %
Net periodic interest costs of derivative instruments
(4,407
)
 
(0.18
)%
 
(7,154
)
 
(0.27
)%
Adjusted net interest income/spread
$
56,315

 
1.93
 %
 
$
59,281

 
1.92
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average interest earning assets (2)
$
3,715,318

 
 
 
$
3,921,974

 
 
Average balance of borrowings (3)
$
3,280,542

 
 
 
$
3,446,558

 
 
(1)
Amount recorded as a portion of "interest expense" in accordance with GAAP related to the amortization of the balance remaining in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of June 30, 2013 as a result of our discontinuation of cash flow hedge accounting.
(2)
Average balances are calculated as a simple average of the daily amortized cost and exclude unrealized gains and losses as well as securities pending settlement if applicable.
(3)
Average balances are calculated as a simple average of the daily borrowings outstanding for both repurchase agreement and non-recourse collateralized financing.

(Loss) Gain on Derivative Instruments, Net

The following table provides information on the components of our "loss on derivative instruments, net" for the periods indicated:

38

 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
Type of Derivative Instrument
 
Net Periodic Interest Costs
 
Change in Fair Value (1)
 
Total
 
Net Periodic Interest Costs
 
Change in Fair Value
 
Total
Receive-fixed interest rate swaps
 
$
1,337

 
$
5,638

 
$
6,975

 
$
236

 
$
103

 
$
339

Pay-fixed interest rate swaps
 
(3,089
)
 
(45,608
)
 
(48,697
)
 
(2,507
)
 
3,153

 
646

Eurodollar futures
 
—

 
(11,027
)
 
(11,027
)
 
—

 
3,857

 
3,857

(Loss) gain on derivative instruments, net
 
$
(1,752
)
 
$
(50,997
)
 
$
(52,749
)
 
$
(2,271
)
 
$
7,113

 
$
4,842


 
 
Nine Months Ended

 
September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2015
 
2014
Type of Derivative Instrument
 
Net Periodic Interest Costs
 
Change in Fair Value (1)
 
Total
 
Net Periodic Interest Costs
 
Change in Fair Value
 
Total
Receive-fixed interest rate swaps
 
$
3,709

 
$
6,048

 
$
9,757

 
$
236

 
$
103

 
$
339

Pay-fixed interest rate swaps
 
(8,116
)
 
(37,681
)
 
(45,797
)
 
(7,390
)
 
(12,666
)
 
(20,056
)
Eurodollar futures
 
—

 
(24,942
)
 
(24,942
)
 
—

 
(11,937
)
 
(11,937
)
Loss on derivative instruments, net
 
$
(4,407
)
 
$
(56,575
)
 
$
(60,982
)
 
$
(7,154
)
 
$
(24,500
)
 
$
(31,654
)
(1) Amount shown is inclusive of realized gains (losses) from terminated instruments.

We experienced a net loss on derivative instruments for the third quarter of 2015 primarily because of decreases in the fair value of our pay-fixed interest rate swaps as a result of lower interest rates during the quarter. In addition, we experienced a net loss on derivative instruments for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 because of a decline in the fair value of our Eurodollar futures and interest rate swaps also from lower interest rates. As noted in "Financial Condition" above, we added derivative instruments during 2015 when interest rates were higher and the fair value of these instruments fell as interest rates have declined. The decrease in fair value was due to a decrease in the forward rates primarily for 2016, 2017, and 2018, which were the periods covered by the majority of our derivative instruments.
We experienced a net gain on derivative instruments for the three months ended September 30, 2014 as a result of favorable changes in their fair value due to an increase in interest rates during the period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, however, we experienced a net loss on derivative instruments because interest rates have been declining for most of 2014 across the interest rate swap curve where the preponderance of our derivative instruments are economically hedging our interest rate risk.
The notional amount of derivative instruments we have outstanding from period to period fluctuate based on the composition of our investment portfolio and the current interest rate environment as well as management's expectation of future interest rates. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, we held an average effective notional amount of derivative instruments of $663.9 million and $566.2 million, respectively, compared to $647.6 million and $689.2 million for the same periods in 2014.

39

Gain (Loss) on Sale of Investments, Net

Sales of our investments occur in the ordinary course of business as we manage our risk profile and as we allocate capital to preferred investment opportunities. The following tables provide information related to our loss on sale of investments, net for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
($ in thousands)
Amortized cost basis sold
 
(Loss) gain on sale of investments, net
 
Amortized cost basis sold
 
(Loss) gain on sale of investments, net
Type of Investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$
(2,634
)
 
$
(59
)
 
$
53,921

 
$
(1,200
)
Non-Agency CMBS
—

 
—

 
136,441

 
8,133

Agency CMBS IO
12,448

 
172

 
84,734

 
1,542

Non-Agency CMBS IO
—

 
—

 
12,513

 
582

 
$
9,814

 
$
113

 
$
287,609

 
$
9,057


 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
2015
 
2014
($ in thousands)
Amortized cost basis sold
 
(Loss) gain on sale of investments, net
 
Amortized cost basis sold
 
(Loss) gain on sale of investments, net
Type of Investment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
$
155,932

 
$
(2,256
)
 
$
122,413

 
$
(5,489
)
Agency CMBS
99,709

 
(822
)
 
—

 
—

Non-Agency CMBS
—

 
—

 
146,322

 
8,550

Agency CMBS IO
40,359

 
1,646

 
106,077

 
1,630

Non-Agency CMBS IO
43,403

 
1,362

 
12,513

 
582

 
$
339,403

 
$
(70
)
 
$
387,325

 
$
5,273



General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased to $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 compared to $3.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 primarily because of increased legal expenses. General and administrative expenses were $13.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to $11.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. While our compensation and benefits expenses decreased approximately $0.4 million due to lower bonus expenses, other general and administrative expenses increased $2.0 million primarily as a result of increased legal and consulting expenses.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to our operating results presented in accordance with GAAP, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain non-GAAP financial measures. Management presents certain of this information because net income (loss) includes changes in fair value of our derivatives but does not include corresponding changes in fair value of our investments. In addition, net interest income and net interest spread exclude the net periodic interest costs of our derivative instruments. Management believes these non-GAAP measures coupled with the GAAP measures more clearly explain our performance from period to period. Management uses these measures in its internal analysis of financial and operating performance and believes that it provides better transparency to our investors of management's view of our economic performance. Management also believes the presentation of these measures,

40

when analyzed in conjunction with the Company's GAAP operating results, allows investors to more effectively evaluate and compare our performance to that of our peers even though peer companies may present its non-GAAP measures on a different basis than we do. Because these non-GAAP financial measures exclude certain items used to compute GAAP net income to common shareholders and GAAP interest expense, these non-GAAP measures should be considered as a supplement to, and not as a substitute for, our GAAP results as reported on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. In addition, because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of core net operating income, effective borrowing cost and rate, adjusted net interest income, and adjusted net interest spread may not be comparable to other similarly-titled measures of other companies.

Schedules reconciling effective borrowing cost, adjusted net interest income, and adjusted net interest spread to their related GAAP financial measures are provided within "Results of Operations" within Part 1, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Variances in core net operating income are discussed in detail in "Executive Summary" above. The following table presents a reconciliation of our GAAP net income (loss) to our core net operating income for the periods presented:
 
Three Months Ended
 
Nine Months Ended
 
September 30,
 
September 30,
($ in thousands, except per share amounts)
2015
 
2014
 
2015
 
2014
GAAP net (loss) income to common shareholders
$
(39,271
)
 
$
28,572

 
$
(22,869
)
 
$
17,251

Amortization of de-designated cash flow hedges (1)
857

 
1,442

 
2,772

 
5,339

Change in fair value of derivative instruments, net
50,997

 
(7,113
)
 
56,575

 
24,500

(Gain) loss on sale of investments, net
(113
)
 
(9,057
)
 
70

 
(5,273
)
Fair value adjustments, net
(16
)
 
(42
)
 
(75
)
 
(162
)
Core net operating income to common shareholders
$
12,454

 
$
13,802

 
$
36,473

 
$
41,655

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Core net operating income per common share
$
0.24

 
$
0.25

 
$
0.67

 
$
0.76

(1) Amount recorded as a portion of "interest expense" in accordance with GAAP related to the amortization of the balance remaining in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of June 30, 2013 as a result of our discontinuation of cash flow hedge accounting.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 
 Our primary sources of liquidity include borrowings under repurchase arrangements and FHLB advances, monthly principal and interest payments we receive on our investments, and cash generated from our operating results.  Additional sources may also include proceeds from the sale of investments, equity offerings, issuances of collateralized financings, and payments received from counterparties from interest rate swap agreements. We use unencumbered cash, Agency MBS, and non-Agency MBS to support additional borrowings. We use our liquidity to fund our investment purchases and other operating costs, to pay down borrowings, to meet margin calls from our lenders, to make payments to counterparties as required under interest rate swap agreements, and to pay dividends on our preferred and common stock.
 
We continually measure, manage and forecast our liquidity on a daily basis and consider unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, unencumbered Agency MBS, and certain unencumbered non-Agency MBS as our available liquid assets. As of September 30, 2015, our available liquid assets were $149.0 million compared to $215.8 million as of December 31, 2014. Our liquid assets have declined as we have used such assets to fund repurchases of our common stock, increase our investment portfolio, and meet margin calls on our repurchase agreements and interest rate swap agreements. As of September 30, 2015, our liquid assets consisted of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $12.6 million and unencumbered Agency MBS of $136.3 million. Generally, we seek to maintain enough liquidity to meet potential margin calls from lenders (as discussed further below), particularly in times of market stress. In addition to the $149.0 million of liquid assets as of September 30, 2015, we also had unencumbered non-Agency MBS of $11.4 million, which we may pledge to lenders as collateral for margin calls. We consider these assets to be less liquid than Agency MBS because they are less likely to be accepted as collateral by lenders during periods of market stress.

Our liquid assets may fluctuate from period to period based on our investment activities and whether we have recently raised, but not yet deployed, equity capital. However, we seek to maintain sufficient liquidity based on the sensitivity analysis and debt-to-equity requirements discussed below, to support our operations and meet our anticipated liquidity needs.

We perform sensitivity analysis on our liquidity based on changes in the value of our investments due to changes in interest rates, credit spreads, lender haircuts and prepayment speeds. We also closely monitor our debt-to-invested equity ratio

41

(which is the ratio of debt financing to invested equity for any investment) as part of our liquidity management process as well as our overall enterprise level debt-to-equity ratio. We also monitor the ratio of our available liquidity to outstanding repurchase agreement borrowings, which fluctuates due to changes in the fair value of collateral we have pledged to our lenders. On an enterprise level basis, our current operating policies limit our total liabilities-to-shareholders' equity to seven (7) times our shareholders' equity. At the individual investment level, our targeted leverage ranges from three (3) to ten (10) times our invested equity capital depending on the investment type. The maximum targets represent fixed limits for leveraging our investment capital. We may change our leverage targets based on market conditions and our perceptions of the liquidity of our investments.

Our total liabilities increased to 6.4 times shareholders' equity as of September 30, 2015 from 5.1 times as of December 31, 2014 due to an increase in our borrowings resulting from FHLB advances used to partially finance investment purchases coupled with lower shareholder's equity resulting from declines in the fair value of our derivative instruments and lower additional paid-in capital as a result of share repurchases.

We have historically had ample sources of liquidity to fund our activities and operations. The ability to fund our operations in the future depends in large measure on the availability of credit through repurchase agreement financing and the liquidity of our investments. Credit markets in general are stable, and currently there is ample availability. However, these markets and the liquidity of our investments remain susceptible to extreme market volatility as was experienced in 2008 and 2009. In addition, in recent periods U.S. financial regulatory agencies (such as the Office of Financial Research in the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve) have expressed some concern about the stability of repurchase agreement financing for mortgage REITs in a rising interest rate environment, and regulatory reform in the form of certain provisions of the Basel III capital framework (and supplemental bank capital rules) and the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act could impact the overall availability of credit by restricting the number of repurchase agreement lenders and the credit made available by such lenders. In times of severe market stress, repurchase agreement availability could be rapidly reduced and the terms on which we can borrow could be materially altered, particularly given the focus on these markets by the federal financial and banking regulators. Competition from other REITs, banks, hedge funds, and the federal government for capacity with our repurchase agreement lenders could also reduce our repurchase agreement availability. While we do not anticipate such events in the near term, a reduction in our borrowing capacity could force us to sell assets in order to repay our lenders or could otherwise restrict our ability to operate our business.

Depending on our liquidity levels, the condition of the credit markets, and other factors, we may from time to time consider the issuance of debt, equity, or other securities, or sell investments, the proceeds of which could provide additional liquidity for our operations. While we will attempt to avoid dilutive or otherwise costly issuances, depending on market conditions, in order to manage our liquidity we could be forced to issue equity or debt securities which are dilutive to our capital base or our profitability.

Repurchase Agreements

The following table presents information regarding the balances of our repurchase agreement borrowings for the periods indicated:
($ in thousands)
Balance Outstanding As of Quarter End
 
Average Balance Outstanding For the Quarter Ended
 
Maximum Balance Outstanding During the Quarter Ended
September 30, 2015
$
3,055,069

 
$
3,220,391

 
$
3,405,692

June 30, 2015
3,402,964

 
3,301,590

 
3,447,628

March 31, 2015
3,185,843

 
3,101,133

 
3,239,247

December 31, 2014
3,013,110

 
3,043,298

 
3,137,204

September 30, 2014
3,150,254

 
3,352,599

 
3,469,491

June 30, 2014
3,447,050

 
3,454,884

 
3,496,521

March 31, 2014
3,485,544

 
3,497,167

 
3,580,997


     Our repurchase agreement borrowings are generally renewable at the discretion of our lenders without guaranteed roll-over terms. Given the short-term and uncommitted nature of most of our repurchase agreement financing, we attempt to maintain unused capacity under our existing repurchase agreement credit lines with multiple counterparties which helps protect us in the event of a counterparty's failure to renew existing repurchase agreements either with favorable terms or at all. As of September 30, 2015, we had repurchase agreement borrowings outstanding with 21 of our 32 available repurchase agreement counterparties at a weighted average borrowing rate of 0.63% compared to 0.55% as of December 31, 2014. Our repurchase agreement borrowings generally carry a rate of interest based on a spread to an index such as LIBOR.

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For our repurchase agreement borrowings, we are required to post and maintain margin to the lender (i.e., collateral in excess of the repurchase agreement financing) in order to support the amount of the financing. This excess collateral is often referred to as a "haircut" (and which we also refer to as equity at risk). As the collateral pledged is generally MBS, the fair value of the collateral can fluctuate with changes in market conditions. If the fair value of the collateral falls below the haircut required by the lender, the lender has the right to demand additional margin, or collateral, to increase the haircut back to the initial amount. These demands are typically referred to as "margin calls". Declines in the value of investments occur for any number of reasons including but not limited to changes in interest rates, changes in ratings on an investment, changes in actual or perceived liquidity of the investment, or changes in overall market risk perceptions. Additionally, values in Agency RMBS will also decline from the payment delay feature of those securities. Agency RMBS have a payment delay feature whereby Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac announce principal payments on Agency RMBS but do not remit the actual principal payments and interest for 20 days in the case of Fannie Mae and 40 days in the case of Freddie Mac. Because these securities are financed with repurchase agreements, the repurchase agreement lender generally makes a margin call for an amount equal to the product of their advance rate on the repurchase agreement and the announced principal payments on the Agency RMBS. This causes a temporary use of our liquidity to meet the margin call until we receive the principal payments and interest 20 to 40 days later. 

The following table presents the weighted average minimum haircut contractually required by our counterparties for Agency and non-Agency MBS pledged as collateral for our repurchase agreement borrowings as of the dates indicated:
 
September 30, 2015
 
June 30, 2015
 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
September 30, 2014
Agency MBS
6.4
%
 
6.4
%
 
6.6
%
 
6.8
%
 
6.6
%
Non-Agency MBS
14.9
%
 
14.7
%
 
15.9
%
 
16.0
%
 
18.5
%

The counterparties with whom we have the greatest amounts of equity at risk may vary significantly during any given period due to the short-term and generally uncommitted nature of the repurchase agreement borrowings. Equity at risk is defined as the amount pledged as collateral to the counterparty in excess of the borrowed amount outstanding. The following tables present the five counterparties with whom we had the greatest amounts of equity at risk as of September 30, 2015 and as of December 31, 2014:
 
September 30, 2015
($ in thousands)
Amount Outstanding
 
Equity at Risk
Well Fargo Bank, N.A. and affiliates
$
303,600

 
$
56,310

JP Morgan Securities, LLC
318,654

 
47,959

South Street Financial Corporation
478,846

 
24,659

Royal Bank of Canada
185,429

 
22,577

BNP Paribas
98,440

 
15,827

Remaining counterparties
1,670,100

 
98,396

 
$
3,055,069

 
$
265,728


 
December 31, 2014
($ in thousands)
Amount Outstanding
 
Equity at Risk
Well Fargo Bank, N.A. and affiliates
$
286,574

 
$
53,949

JP Morgan Securities, LLC
289,931

 
48,484

South Street Financial Corporation
608,000

 
36,483

Bank of America Securities LLC
181,593

 
15,711

Credit Suisse Securities LLC
103,078

 
13,258

Remaining counterparties
1,543,934

 
93,603

 
$
3,013,110

 
$
261,488


The following table discloses our repurchase agreement amounts outstanding and the value of the related collateral pledged by geographic region of our counterparties as of September 30, 2015:

43

($ in thousands)
Amount Outstanding
 
Market Value of Collateral Pledged
North America
$
2,094,648

 
$
2,265,911

Asia
375,587

 
396,975

Europe
584,834

 
657,911

 
$
3,055,069

 
$
3,320,797


Certain of our repurchase agreement counterparties require us to comply with various operating and financial covenants. The financial covenants include requirements that we maintain minimum shareholders' equity (usually a set minimum, or a percentage of the highest amount of shareholders' equity since the date of the agreement), maximum decline in shareholders' equity (expressed as a percentage decline in any given period), and limits on maximum leverage (as a multiple of shareholders' equity). Operating requirements include, among other things, requirements to maintain our status as a REIT and to maintain our listing on the NYSE. Violations of one or more of these covenants could result in the lender declaring an event of default which would result in the termination of the repurchase agreement and immediate acceleration of amounts due thereunder. In addition, some of the agreements contain cross default features, whereby default with one lender simultaneously causes default under agreements with other lenders. Violations could also restrict us from paying dividends or engaging in other transactions that are necessary for us to maintain our REIT status.

We monitor and evaluate on an ongoing basis the impact these customary financial covenants may have on our operating and financing flexibility. Currently, we do not believe we are subject to any covenants that materially restrict our financing flexibility. We have one repurchase agreement lender which requires that we maintain our enterprise level leverage as of quarter end at less than 7 times our shareholders' equity.

FHLB Advances

The Company’s wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary, Mackinaw, obtains advances from the FHLBI under an advances, pledge and security agreement which includes collateral requirements similar to our repurchase agreement borrowings, including the FHLBI’s right to require additional pledges of collateral. The agreement also requires Mackinaw to observe the rules of FHLBI membership and is subject to the FHLBI’s credit policies. The FHLBI requires Mackinaw to pledge additional securities or cash as collateral for advances in the event the value of the collateral held by the FHLBI falls below specified levels and gives the FHLBI the right to demand additional collateral in certain circumstance. The agreement also contains customary events of default related to our compliance with FHLBI membership and adherence to its credit policies. An event of default or termination event under the agreement would give the FHLBI the option to terminate all outstanding advances and demand immediate repayment.

As of September 30, 2015, Mackinaw had $255.0 million in outstanding secured advances with a borrowing rate of 0.20%. Our maximum borrowing capacity is limited to the lesser of $750.0 million, 15% of our total assets, or 100% of our total shareholder's equity. As of September 30, 2015, our maximum borrowing capacity was $527.8 million. We had cash of $0.3 million and Agency MBS with a fair value of $273.9 million pledged as collateral for these advances with a haircut requirement of 5%. As of September 30, 2015, our FHLB advances were all due within 30 days.

Please refer to Part II, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" for additional information and risks related to Mackinaw's membership in the FHLBI.
    
Derivative Instruments

Our derivative instruments require us to post initial margin at inception and variation margin based on subsequent changes in the fair value of the derivatives. The collateral posted as margin by us is typically in the form of cash or Agency MBS. Generally, as interest rates decline due to market changes, we will be required to post collateral with counterparties on our pay-fixed derivative instruments and receive collateral from our counterparties on our receive-fixed derivative instruments, and vice versa as interest rates increase. As of September 30, 2015, we had Agency MBS with a fair value of $3.8 million and cash of $78.2 million posted as credit support under these agreements.

Approximately $370 million of the Company's interest rate swaps were entered into under bilateral agreements which contain cross-default provisions with other agreements between the parties. In addition, these bilateral agreements contain financial and operational covenants similar to those contained in our repurchase agreements, as described above.

44


Dividends

As a REIT, we are required to distribute to our shareholders amounts equal to at least 90% of our REIT taxable income for each taxable year after consideration of our tax NOL carryforwards. We generally fund our dividend distributions through our cash flows from operations. If we make dividend distributions in excess of our operating cash flows during the period, whether for purposes of meeting our REIT distribution requirements or other strategic reasons, those distributions are generally funded either through our existing cash balances or through the return of principal from our investments (either through repayment or sale). 

We have approximately $58.3 million of deferred tax hedge losses on terminated derivative instruments, which will be recognized over the original periods that were being hedged by the terminated derivatives. These losses have already been recognized in our GAAP earnings but will reduce taxable income over the next ten years as noted in the following table. Dividend distributions to our shareholders in excess of REIT taxable income, if any, as a result of the hedge loss deductions for the years noted below, will be considered a return of capital to the shareholder.
($ in thousands)
Tax Hedge Loss Deduction
2015
$
10,591

2016
24,907

2017
11,171

2018
3,723

2019 - 2026
7,887

 
$
58,279


We also have an estimated NOL carryfoward available as of December 31, 2014 of approximately $90.0 million, which can be used, subject to certain annual limitations, to offset taxable income and help us manage our REIT income distribution requirements.


Contractual Obligations
 
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations by payment due date as of September 30, 2015:
($ in thousands)
 
Payments due by period
Contractual Obligations:
 
Total
 
< 1 year
 
1-3 years
 
3-5 years
 
> 5 years
Repurchase agreements (1)
 
$
3,056,048

 
$
3,056,048

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

FHLB advances (1)
 
255,850

 
255,850

 
—

 
—

 
—

Non-recourse collateralized financing (2)
 
8,719

 
2,321

 
3,110

 
1,765

 
1,523

Operating lease obligations
 
950

 
201

 
419

 
330

 
—

Total
 
$
3,321,567

 
$
3,314,420

 
$
3,529

 
$
2,095

 
$
1,523

(1) Includes estimated interest payments calculated using interest rates in effect as of September 30, 2015.
(2) Amounts shown are for principal only and exclude interest obligations as those amounts are not significant. Non-recourse collateralized financing represents securitization financing that is payable solely from loans and securities pledged as collateral. Payments due by period were estimated based on the principal repayments forecasted for the underlying loans and securities, substantially all of which is used to repay the associated financing outstanding.

Other Matters

As of September 30, 2015, we do not believe that any off-balance sheet arrangements exist that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our current or future financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity. In addition, we do not have any material commitments for capital expenditures and have not obtained any commitments for funds to fulfill any capital obligations.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
 

45

There are no recently issued accounting pronouncements which have had or are expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
Certain written statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"). Statements in this report addressing expectations, assumptions, beliefs, projections, future plans and strategies, future events, developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future, and future operating results are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based upon management’s beliefs, assumptions, and expectations as of the date of this report regarding future events and operating performance, taking into account all information currently available to us, and are applicable only as of the date of this report. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by use of words such as “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “plan” “may”, “will”, “intend”, “should”, “could” or similar expressions. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements, which are not historical facts and may be based on projections, assumptions, expectations, and anticipated events that do not materialize. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statement whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may include, but are not limited to:

•
Our business and investment strategy including our ability to generate acceptable risk-adjusted returns and our target investment allocations;
•
Monetary policy and regulatory initiatives of the Federal Reserve (including the FOMC) and other financial regulators;
•
Our financing strategy including our target leverage ratios and anticipated trends in financing costs, and our hedging strategy including changes to the derivative instruments to which we are a party, and changes to government regulation of hedging instruments and our use of these instruments;
•
Our investment portfolio composition and target investments;
•
Our investment portfolio performance, including the fair value, yields, and forecasted prepayment speeds of our investments;
•
Our liquidity and ability to access financing, including FHLB advances, and the anticipated availability and cost of financing;
•
Our use of and restrictions on using our tax NOL carryfoward;
•
The status of pending litigation;
•
The competitive environment in the future, including competition for investments and the availability of financing;
•
Estimates of future interest expenses, including related to the Company's repurchase agreements and derivative instruments;
•
The status of regulatory rule-making or review processes and the status of reform efforts and other business developments in the repurchase agreement financing market or with regard to membership standards of the FHLB system;
•
Market, industry and economic trends, how these trends and related economic data may impact the behavior of market participants and financial regulators; and
•
Interest rates.

Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from historical results or from any results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Not all of these risks and other factors are known to us. New risks and uncertainties arise over time, and it is not possible to predict those events or how they may affect us. The projections, assumptions, expectations or beliefs upon which the forward-looking statements are based can also change as a result of these risks or other factors.  If such a risk or other factor materializes in future periods, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements.

While it is not possible to identify all factors, some of the factors that may cause actual results to differ from historical results or from any results expressed or implied by forward-looking statements, or that may cause our projections, assumptions, expectations or beliefs to change, include the following:


46

•
the risks and uncertainties referenced in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, particularly those set forth under and incorporated by reference into Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors”
•
our ability to find suitable reinvestment opportunities;
•
changes in economic conditions;
•
changes in interest rates and interest rate spreads, including the repricing of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities;
•
our investment portfolio performance particularly as it relates to cash flow, prepayment rates and credit performance;
•
actual or anticipated changes in Federal Reserve monetary policy;
•
adverse reactions in financial markets related to the budget deficit or national debt of the United States government; potential or actual default by the United States government on Treasury securities; and potential or actual downgrades to the sovereign credit rating of the United States;
•
the cost and availability of financing, including the future availability of financing due to changes to regulation of, and capital requirements imposed upon, financial institutions;
•
the cost and availability of new equity capital;
•
changes in our use of leverage;
•
the quality of performance of third-party servicer providers of our loans and loans underlying our securities;
•
the level of defaults by borrowers on loans we have securitized;
•
changes in our industry;
•
increased competition;
•
changes in government regulations affecting our business;
•
changes in the repurchase agreement financing markets and other credit markets;
•
changes to the membership requirements of the FHLB system, including changes that could terminate the membership of Mackinaw in the FHLBI;
•
changes to the market for interest rate swaps and other derivative instruments, including changes to margin requirements on derivative instruments;
•
government initiatives to support the U.S financial system and U.S. housing and real estate markets; or to reform the U.S. housing finance system including by imposing standards for originating residential mortgage loans;
•
GSE reform or other government policies and actions;
•
ownership shifts under Section 382 that further limit the use of our tax NOL carryforward; and
•
exposure to current and future claims and litigation.


47

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We seek to manage various risks inherent in our business strategy, which include interest rate, prepayment, reinvestment, market value, credit, and liquidity risks. These risks can and do cause fluctuations in our shareholders' equity and comprehensive income. We attempt to manage these risks and earn an acceptable return for our shareholders as discussed below.

Interest Rate Risk

Investing in interest-rate sensitive investments on a leveraged basis subjects our results to interest rate risk primarily from the mismatch between interest-rate reset dates (or maturity) of our assets and the maturity of our liabilities. Borrowing costs on our liabilities are generally based on prevailing market rates and reset more frequently than interest rates on our assets. During a period of rising interest rates (particularly short term rates in a flattening yield curve environment), our borrowing costs will increase faster than our asset yields, negatively impacting our net interest income. The amount of the impact will depend on the composition of portfolio and on the effectiveness of our hedge instruments at the time, as well as the magnitude and the duration of the increase in interest rates. In addition, our adjustable rate assets may have limits or caps on the amount that an interest rate may reset while our liabilities do not have rate reset caps. Changes in interest rates, particularly rapid changes, may also negatively impact the market value of our investments which reduces our book value. In addition to the information set forth in the tables below, see "Market Value Risk" below for further discussion of the risks to the market value of our investments.

While having interest rate risk is a basic tenet of our investment strategy, we attempt to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates by investing in instruments that have short maturities/interest reset dates, entering into derivative instruments (such as interest rate swaps and Eurodollar futures) to hedge this risk and by managing our investment portfolio within interest rate risk tolerances set by our Board of Directors. Our current goal is to maintain a net portfolio duration (a measure of interest rate risk) within a range of 0.5 to 1.5 years. Our portfolio duration may drift outside of our target range at various times due to changes in market conditions, changes in actual or expected prepayment rates on our investments, changes in interest rates, changes in credit spreads, and activity in our investment portfolio. In addition, duration is driven by model inputs, and in the case of Agency RMBS, the most important inputs include anticipated prepayment speeds. Estimates of prepayment speeds can vary significantly by investor for the same security and therefore estimates of security and portfolio duration can vary significantly.

Effect of Changes in Interest Rates on Adjusted Net Interest Income and Market Value. The table below shows the projected sensitivity of our adjusted net interest income and the market value of our investments and derivative instruments carried at fair value as they existed as of September 30, 2015 based on an instantaneous parallel shift in market interest rates as set forth in the table below. In light of the low interest rate environment at September 30, 2015, the only declining rate scenario that we present is a downward shift of 25 basis points. In order to include the impact of changes in interest rates on our effective derivative instruments, we are presenting the percentage change in adjusted net interest income (instead of net interest income) because net interest income does not include the net interest payments/receipts on these instruments.

The "percentage change in adjusted net interest income" includes the impact of changes in expected prepayment speeds on our investments and assumes that net proceeds received from pay downs on the investment portfolio are reinvested in MBS in amounts proportionate to the portfolio composition that existed as of September 30, 2015 and at yields consistent with those as of that date, adjusted for the parallel shift in the rates below. Changes in types of investments, the returns earned on these investments, future interest rates, credit spreads, the shape of the yield curve, the availability of financing, and/or the mix of our investments and financings including derivative instruments may cause actual results to differ significantly from the modeled results. There can be no assurance that assumed events used for the model below will occur, or that other events will not occur, that will affect the outcomes; therefore, the tables below and all related disclosures constitute forward-looking statements.
Parallel Shift in Interest Rates
 
Percentage change in market value (1)
 
Percentage change in adjusted net interest income
+100
 
(0.71)%
 
(18.96)%
+50
 
(0.30)%
 
(8.54)%
-25
 
0.10%
 
3.46%

48

(1)
Includes changes in market value of our investments and derivative instruments, but excludes changes in market value of our financings because they are not carried at fair value on our balance sheet. The projections for market value do not assume any change in credit spreads.

Management also considers changes in the shape of the interest rate curves in assessing and managing portfolio interest rate risk. Often interest rates do not move in a parallel fashion from quarter to quarter. The table below shows the projected change in market value of our investment portfolio net of derivative hedge instruments for instantaneous changes in the shape of the U.S. Treasury curve (with similar changes to the interest rate swap curve and Eurodollar curves) as of September 30, 2015. Unlike the table above where a parallel shift down in interest rates of 25 basis points results in a 0.10% increase in value of our investment portfolio, per the table below, a decline in 2-year and 10-year market interest rates of 10 basis points and 50 basis points results in a net decline in the market value of our investments by (0.11%). The decline results primarily from the expectation that prepayment speeds on our Agency RMBS will significantly increase as a result of the 50 basis point decline in 10-year market interest rates.
Basis point change in
 2-year yield
 
Basis point change in
 10-year yield
 
Percentage change in market value (1)
0
 
+25
 
0.02%
+10
 
+50
 
(0.01)%
+10
 
+75
 
(0.05)%
+25
 
+75
 
(0.09)%
+25
 
+0
 
(0.05)%
+50
 
+0
 
(0.12)%
-10
 
-50
 
(0.11)%
(1)
Includes changes in market value of our investments and derivative instruments, but excludes changes in market value of our financings because they are not carried at fair value on our balance sheet. The projections for market value do not assume any change in credit spreads.

Our adjustable rate investments have interest rates which are predominantly based on one-year LIBOR and contain periodic (or interim) and lifetime interest rate caps which limit the amount by which the interest rate may reset on the investment. The following table presents information about the lifetime and interim interest rate caps (where interim interest rate caps include both initial adjustments of interest rates which generally are 5% as well as periodic adjustments which generally are 2%) on our adjustable-rate Agency MBS portfolio as of September 30, 2015:
Lifetime Interest Rate Caps
 
Interim Interest Rate Caps
 
% of Total
 
 
% of Total
>7.4% to 10.0%
87.3
%
 
1.0%
0.5
%
>10.0% to 11.0%
8.5
%
 
2.0%
17.7
%
>11.0% to 12.1%
4.2
%
 
5.0%
81.8
%
 
100.0
%
 
 
100.0
%

Market Value Risk

Market value risk generally represents the risk of loss in value of our investment securities and derivative instruments due to fluctuations in interest rates, prepayment rates, credit spreads, and other factors. Fluctuations in the market values of securities we hold impact our reported book value per common share. MBS in our investment portfolio and derivative instruments are reflected at their estimated fair value on our consolidated balance sheet. With respect to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments are recorded within "net income" while changes in the fair value of our investments (as indicated by changes in unrealized gain or loss on investments) are recorded within "other comprehensive income". As demonstrated in the tables above in the discussion of interest rate risk, in a rising interest rate environment, the fair value of our MBS tends to decrease; conversely, in a decreasing interest rate environment, the fair value of our securities tends to increase. The fair value of our securities will also fluctuate due to changes in credit spreads (which represent the market's valuation

49

of the perceived riskiness of assets relative to risk-free rates), changes in actual prepayments or expected prepayments, the perceived liquidity of the investment, actual or expected credit performance, and other factors. We attempt to manage market value risk by managing our exposure to these factors (although we may not actively attempt to manage market value risk from changes in credit spreads). For example, the types of derivative instruments we are currently using to hedge the interest rates on our debt tend to increase in value when our investment portfolio decreases in value, although not a one-to-one correlation. 

Fluctuations in credit spreads typically vary based on the type of investments. Though market conditions and technical factors such as FOMC monetary policy may impact Agency MBS credit spreads, they will generally have less volatility than non-Agency MBS. This is due to the fact that market participants generally view these securities, given their guarantee of principal by GSEs, as more liquid (i.e., more easily converted into cash) than non-Agency MBS. The table below is an estimate of the projected change in our portfolio market value given the indicated change in market credit spreads as of September 30, 2015:
Basis Point Change in Market Credit Spreads
 
Percentage change in market value of investments
+50
 
(2.1)%
+25
 
(1.1)%
-25
 
1.1%
-50
 
2.2%

Prepayment and Reinvestment Risk

Prepayment risk is the risk of an early, unscheduled return of principal on an investment. We are subject to prepayment risk from premiums paid on investments which we acquire. Purchase premiums on our investments are amortized as a reduction in interest income using the effective yield method under GAAP, adjusted for the actual and anticipated prepayment activity of the investment. An increase in the actual or expected rate of prepayment will typically accelerate the amortization of purchase premiums, thereby reducing the yield/interest income earned on such assets. Principal prepayments on our investments are influenced by changes in market interest rates and a variety of economic, geographic, government policy and other factors beyond our control.

We have prepayment risk for all of our investments which we own at a premium to their par value. The majority of the loans underlying our RMBS are ARMs or hybrid ARMs and do not have any specific prepayment protection. Prepayments on these loans generally accelerate in a declining interest rate environment, as the loans age, and as the loans near their respective interest rate reset dates, particularly the initial reset date. Our prepayment models anticipate acceleration of prepayments in these events. To the extent the actual prepayments exceed our modeled prepayments, or if we change our future prepayment expectations, we will record adjustments to our premium amortization which may negatively impact our net interest income and could impact the fair value of our RMBS.

As an indication of our prepayment risk on our RMBS portfolio, the following table summarizes information for our Agency RMBS portfolio regarding the net premium and weighted average coupon by months until interest rate reset ("MTR") or

50

until maturity in the case of fixed-rate securities as of the end of the past four quarters:     
 
September 30, 2015
 
June 30, 2015
 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
($ in thousands)
Net Premium
 
WAC
 
Net Premium
 
WAC
 
Net Premium
 
WAC
 
Net Premium
 
WAC
0-12 MTR
$
20,234

 
2.70%
 
$
20,752

 
2.69%
 
$
27,953

 
2.74%
 
$
31,428

 
2.75%
13-36 MTR
24,039

 
3.54%
 
22,874

 
3.63%
 
19,870

 
3.83%
 
19,667

 
3.87%
37-60 MTR
5,128

 
2.94%
 
10,126

 
3.07%
 
17,749

 
3.19%
 
21,820

 
3.22%
> 60 MTR
34,068

 
2.96%
 
36,501

 
2.97%
 
38,789

 
2.97%
 
40,729

 
2.98%
Fixed rate
(8
)
 
2.50%
 
(9
)
 
2.50%
 
(9
)
 
2.50%
 
(9
)
 
2.51%
Total premium, net
$
83,461

 
3.04%
 
$
90,244

 
3.05%
 
$
104,352

 
3.08%
 
$
113,635

 
3.09%
Par balance
$
1,631,942

 
 
 
$
1,741,996

 
 
 
$
1,942,332

 
 
 
$
2,086,807

 
 
Premium, net as a % of par value
5.1
%
 
 
 
5.2
%
 
 
 
5.4
%
 
 
 
5.4
%
 
 

Loans underlying our CMBS and CMBS IO securities typically have some form of prepayment protection provisions (such as prepayment lock-outs) or prepayment compensation provisions (such as yield maintenance or prepayment penalties). Yield maintenance and prepayment penalty requirements are intended to create an economic disincentive for the loans to prepay; however, the amount of the prepayment penalty required to be paid may decline over time, and as loans age, interest rates decline, or market values of collateral supporting the loans increase, prepayment penalties may lessen as an economic disincentive to the borrower. Generally, our experience has been that prepayment lock-out and yield maintenance provisions result in stable prepayment performance from period to period. There are no prepayment protections, however, if the loan defaults and is partially or wholly repaid earlier as a result of loss mitigation actions taken by the underlying loan servicer. Historically, we have experienced low default rates on loans underlying CMBS and CMBS IO.

Because CMBS IO consist of rights to interest on the underlying commercial mortgage loan pools and do not have rights to principal payments on the underlying loans, prepayment risk on these securities would be particularly acute without these prepayment protection provisions. CMBS IO prepayment protection and compensation provisions vary by issuer of the security, (i.e. Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae, or non-Agency). The majority of our Agency CMBS IO are issued by Freddie Mac and these securities generally have initial prepayment lock-outs followed by a defeasance period which on average extends to within six months of the stated maturities of the underlying loans. Non-Agency CMBS IO generally have prepayment protection in the form of prepayment lock-outs and defeasance provisions. The following table details the fair value of our CMBS IO portfolio by issuer as of the end of the periods indicated:
($ in thousands)
September 30, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Fannie Mae
$
25,605

 
$
28,765

Freddie Mac
395,521

 
408,698

Ginnie Mae
—

 
1,274

Non-Agency CMBS IO
365,646

 
325,119

 
$
786,772

 
$
763,856


We seek to manage our prepayment risk on our MBS by diversifying our investments, seeking investments which we believe will have superior prepayment performance, and investing in securities which have some sort of prepayment prohibition or yield maintenance (as is the case with CMBS and CMBS IO). With respect to RMBS, we will seek to invest in RMBS where we believe the underlying loans have favorable prepayment characteristics such as lower loan balances or favorable origination, borrower or geographic characteristics.

We are also subject to reinvestment risk as a result of the prepayment, repayment and sales of our investments. Yields on assets in which we invest now are generally lower than yields on existing assets that we may sell or which may be repaid, due to lower overall interest rates and more competition for these as investment assets. As a result, our interest income may decline in

51

the future, thereby reducing earnings per share. In order to maintain our investment portfolio size and our earnings, we need to reinvest our capital into new interest-earning assets. If we are unable to find suitable reinvestment opportunities, interest income on our investment portfolio and investment cash flows could be negatively impacted.
 
Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk that we will not receive all contractual amounts due on investments that we own due to default by the borrower or due to a deficiency in proceeds from the liquidation of the collateral securing the obligation. We are also particularly exposed to credit risk on investments that we own at a premium. For investments owned at premiums, defaults on the underlying loan typically result in the complete loss of any remaining unamortized premium we paid.

We attempt to mitigate our credit risk by purchasing Agency MBS and higher quality non-Agency MBS. Agency MBS have credit risk to the extent that Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac fails to remit payments on the MBS for which they have issued a guaranty of payment. Given the improved financial performance and conservatorship of these entities and the continued support of the U.S. government, we believe this risk is low. For our non-Agency MBS, we seek to purchase investment grade securities (rated 'BBB' or better by a least one of the nationally recognized statistical ratings organizations) or securities that we believe are short-duration and which will have strong credit performance. We do not currently seek to purchase heavily discounted, credit sensitive MBS.

The majority of our non-Agency securities are CMBS and CMBS IO. The return we earn on these securities is dependent on the credit performance of the underlying commercial loans. In particular, since investments in CMBS IO pay interest from the underlying commercial mortgage loan pools, returns are more negatively impacted by liquidations of loans in the underlying loan pool. In order to manage our exposure to credit performance, we generally invest in securities with higher credit ratings and in securities where we have evaluated the credit profile of the underlying loan pool and can monitor its credit performance. With respect to non-Agency RMBS, we have been purchasing very short duration MBS backed by pools of re-performing or non-performing loans.

The following table presents information on our non-Agency MBS by credit rating as of September 30, 2015:
 
September 30, 2015
($ in thousands)
CMBS
 
 CMBS IO
 
RMBS
 
Total
 
Percentage
AAA
$
85,740

 
$
306,555

 
$
—

 
$
392,295

 
62.2
%
AA
52,643

 
56,397

 
—

 
109,040

 
17.3
%
A
35,859

 
—

 
—

 
35,859

 
5.7
%
Below A or not rated
19,697

 
2,694

 
70,642

 
93,033

 
14.8
%
 
$
193,939

 
$
365,646

 
$
70,642

 
$
630,227

 
100.0
%


 Liquidity Risk

We have liquidity risk principally from the use of recourse repurchase agreements to finance our ownership of securities. In general, our repurchase agreements provide a source of uncommitted short-term financing that finances a longer-term asset, thereby creating a mismatch between the maturity of the asset and of the associated financing. Our repurchase agreements are renewable at the discretion of our lenders and do not contain guaranteed roll-over terms. If we fail to repay the lender at maturity, the lender has the right to immediately sell the collateral and pursue us for any shortfall if the sales proceeds are inadequate to cover the repurchase agreement financing. In addition, repurchase agreements are collateral based and declines in the market value of our investments subject us to liquidity risk. We also have liquidity risk from the use of FHLB advances while the FHFA considers its proposed rules that, if adopted, would terminate Mackinaw’s membership in the FHLBI. If Mackinaw’s membership in the FHLBI is terminated, we will not be able to obtain additional FHLB advances and we would be required to replace our FHLB advance financing with other financing sources.


52

For further information, including how we attempt to mitigate liquidity risk and monitor our liquidity position, please refer to “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Part 1, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure controls and procedures.

Our management evaluated, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2015 to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

Our management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2015 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


53

PART II.    OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to various legal proceedings. Although the ultimate outcome of these legal proceedings cannot be ascertained at this time, and the results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes, based on current knowledge, that the resolution of any of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or liquidity. However, the resolution of any of the proceedings could have a material impact on consolidated results of operations or cash flows in a given future reporting period as the proceedings are resolved.

With respect to the case styled Basic Capital Management, Inc. et al. v. Dynex Commercial, Inc., et al., Cause No. DC-03-00675, 68th Judicial Dist. Ct., Dallas Co., Tex., on July 20, 2015, American Realty Trust, Inc. (“ART”) and other related entities obtained a final judgment in the principal amount of $46.5 million against Dynex Commercial, Inc. (“DCI”), a former affiliate of the Company also known as DCI Commercial, Inc. ART’s portion of the judgment against DCI is $24.9 million. As previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company was a party to this lawsuit until the Fifth Court of Appeals in Dallas, Texas affirmed in May 2013 the trial court’s decision with respect to a take nothing judgment against the Company.

On July 31, 2014, in a case styled ART Midwest, Inc., et al. v. David M. Clapper, et al., Cause No. 3:99-CV-2355-N, U.S. Dist. Ct., N.D. Tex., David M. Clapper, Atlantic XIII, LLC, and Atlantic Midwest, LLC (the “Clapper Parties”) obtained a final judgment against ART in the principal amount of $46.9 million.

On July 31, 2015, the Clapper Parties filed an Application for Writ of Garnishment against DCI and the Company in U.S. Dist. Ct., N.D. Tex. (“Garnishment Action”). In the Garnishment Action, the Clapper Parties seek to garnish ART’s judgment against DCI and allege that the Company is “the apparent successor to DCI.”

In September 2015, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the Garnishment Action against it on the grounds that, among other things, the Clapper Parties have alleged no facts to support any allegations against the Company and have requested no relief against the Company. The Company’s motion to dismiss is pending. If the motion to dismiss is denied, the Company intends to vigorously defend itself in this action, including seeking to recover its attorneys’ fees and costs under Texas law.

There have been no material changes during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2015 for the legal proceedings discussed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 other than those disclosed above.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

Risks and uncertainties identified in our forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q together with those previously disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 or those that are presently unforeseen could result in significant adverse effects on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.  See “Forward-Looking Statements” contained in Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

If the membership of our wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary, Mackinaw, in the FHLB of Indianapolis is terminated, any advances outstanding to it from the FHLB of Indianapolis would need to be immediately repaid, which could result in material losses and have a material adverse effect on our business.

In September 2014, the Federal Housing Financing Authority ("FHFA") issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking and Request for Comments Involving Proposed Changes to Regulations Concerning Federal Home Loan Bank Membership Criteria (the "Proposed Rule"). If enacted, the Proposed Rule, among other things, would immediately terminate the membership of captive insurance companies that became members of the FHLB system after publication of the Proposed Rule, which would include Mackinaw. If the Proposed Rule is adopted, all advances previously made to our captive insurance subsidiary would be required to be promptly repaid to the FHLB. If the Company is unable to replace the advances with alternate financing, we may be forced

54

to liquidate the collateral in order to repay the advances, which could result in material losses and have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, and further could have a material adverse effect on our business to the extent we are then relying on FHLB advances for liquidity. In addition, the Proposed Rule provides that the FHLBI would have up to five years to redeem FHLBI stock purchased by our subsidiary as a result of its membership and level of FHLB advances activity.

ITEM 2.    UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The Company has been authorized by its Board of Directors to repurchase up to $50 million of its outstanding shares of common stock through December 31, 2016. Subject to applicable securities laws and the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock designation and the Series B Preferred Stock designation, both of which are contained in our Articles of Incorporation, future repurchases of common stock will be made at times and in amounts as the Company deems appropriate, provided that the repurchase price per share is less than the Company's estimate of the current net book value of a share of common stock. Repurchases may be suspended or discontinued at any time.

The following table summarizes repurchases of our common stock that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2015:
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased
 
Average Price Paid per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
 
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
($ in thousands)
July 1, 2015 - July 31, 2015
612,425

 
$
7.57

 
612,425

 
38,678

August 1, 2015 - August 31, 2015
1,276,619

 
$
6.87

 
1,276,619

 
29,905

September 1, 2015 - September 30, 2015
1,633,951

 
$
6.71

 
1,633,951

 
18,948

Total
3,522,995

 
$
6.92

 
3,522,995

 




ITEM 3.    DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
        
None.

ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION

None.


55

ITEM 6.    EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.
Description
3.1
Restated Articles of Incorporation, effective June 2, 2014 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Dynex's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed September 17, 2014).
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws, amended as of December 12, 2013 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Dynex's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed March 4, 2014).
31.1
Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).

31.2
Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).

32.1
Certification of principal executive officer and principal financial officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).

101
The following materials from Dynex Capital, Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended September 30, 2015, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language), filed herewith: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited), (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited), (iii) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (unaudited), (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited), and (v) Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
    


56

SIGNATURES
 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
DYNEX CAPITAL, INC.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date:
November 5, 2015
/s/ Byron L. Boston
 
 
Byron L. Boston
 
 
Chief Executive Officer, President,
 
 
 Co-Chief Investment Officer, and Director
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
Date:
November 5, 2015
/s/ Stephen J. Benedetti
 
 
Stephen J. Benedetti
 
 
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer
 
 
(Principal Financial Officer)