Exela Technologies, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2020 September (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-36788

EXELA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	47-1347291
(State of or other Jurisdiction Incorporation or Organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2701 E. Grauwyler Rd. Irving, TX	75061
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (844) 935-2832

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.0001 per share	XELA	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☐	Accelerated Filer ☒
Non-Accelerated Filer ☐	Smaller Reporting Company ☒
	Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 6, 2020 the registrant had 147,511,430 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

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Exela Technologies, Inc.

Form 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	1

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (as restated)	2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (as restated)	3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (as restated)	4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (as restated)	6

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	49

Item 4. Internal Controls and Procedures	50

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings	50

Item 1A. Risk Factors	52

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	52

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	52

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	52

Item 5. Other Information	52

Item 6. Exhibits	53

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Exela Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)


	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	37,176	$	6,198
Restricted cash		6,032		7,901
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,444 and $4,975, respectively		214,949		261,400
Related party receivables		786		716
Inventories, net		17,428		19,047
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		33,359		23,663
Total current assets		309,730		318,925
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $181,310 and $176,995, respectively		91,846		113,637
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net		67,522		93,627
Goodwill		359,270		359,771
Intangible assets, net		304,958		342,443
Deferred income tax assets		12,192		12,032
Other noncurrent assets		24,907		17,889
Total assets	$	1,170,425	$	1,258,324

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	61,788	$	86,167
Related party payables		162		1,740
Income tax payable		1,695		352
Accrued liabilities		109,336		121,553
Accrued compensation and benefits		53,904		48,574
Accrued interest		23,274		48,769
Customer deposits		15,605		27,765
Deferred revenue		18,071		16,282
Obligation for claim payment		36,284		39,156
Current portion of finance lease liabilities		12,599		13,788
Current portion of operating lease liabilities		20,049		25,345
Current portion of long-term debts		38,042		36,490
Total current liabilities		390,809		465,981
Long-term debt, net of current maturities		1,491,969		1,398,385
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion		13,448		20,272
Pension liabilities		24,885		25,681
Deferred income tax liabilities		7,682		7,996
Long-term income tax liabilities		2,808		2,806
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion		50,085		73,282
Other long-term liabilities		16,202		6,962
Total liabilities		1,997,888		2,001,365
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 8)

Stockholders' equity (deficit)
Common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 1,600,000,000 shares authorized; 154,866,550 shares issued and 147,511,430 shares outstanding at September 30, 2020 and 153,638,836 shares issued and 150,851,689 shares outstanding at December 31, 2019		15		15
Preferred stock, par value of $0.0001 per share; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 3,290,050 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and 4,294,233 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019		1		1
Additional paid in capital		446,739		445,452
Less: Common Stock held in treasury, at cost; 7,355,120 shares at September 30, 2020 and 2,787,147 shares at December 31, 2019		(10,949)		(10,949)
Equity-based compensation		51,816		49,336
Accumulated deficit		(1,301,187)		(1,211,508)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(6,044)		(7,329)
Unrealized pension actuarial losses, net of tax		(7,854)		(8,059)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss		(13,898)		(15,388)
Total stockholders’ deficit		(827,463)		(743,041)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	1,170,425	$	1,258,324

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Exela Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2019				2019
	2020		(Restated)		2020		(Restated)
Revenue	$	305,280	$	373,545	$	978,453	$	1,168,751
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		234,222		295,445		768,548		909,877
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		42,837		48,347		140,224		149,186
Depreciation and amortization		22,095		25,079		68,127		76,482
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		97,158		—		97,158
Related party expense		1,360		1,430		4,058		7,759
Operating income (loss)		4,766		(93,914)		(2,504)		(71,711)
Other expense (income), net:
Interest expense, net		43,612		40,573		129,639		120,235
Debt modification and extinguishment costs		—		—		—		1,404
Sundry expense (income), net		(434)		165		(251)		1,569
Other expense (income), net		(10,414)		406		(45,655)		4,424
Net loss before income taxes		(27,998)		(135,058)		(86,237)		(199,343)
Income tax benefit (expense)		(320)		3,769		(3,440)		(5,689)
Net loss	$	(28,318)	$	(131,289)	$	(89,677)	$	(205,032)
Cumulative dividends for Series A Preferred Stock		(976)		(884)		(394)		(2,712)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(29,294)	$	(132,173)	$	(90,071)	$	(207,744)
Loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.20)	$	(0.91)	$	(0.61)	$	(1.43)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Exela Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2019				2019
	2020		(Restated)		2020		(Restated)
Net loss	$	(28,318)	$	(131,289)	$	(89,677)	$	(205,032)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments		343		(2,325)		1,285		(1,221)
Unrealized pension actuarial gains (losses), net of tax		(332)		291		205		323
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	(28,307)	$	(133,323)	$	(88,187)	$	(205,930)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Exela Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


														Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
																Unrealized
														Foreign		Pension
														Currency		Actuarial				Total
	Common Stock			Preferred Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional		Equity-Based		Translation		Losses,		Accumulated		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Paid in Capital		Compensation		Adjustment		net of tax		Deficit		Deficit
Balances at January 1, 2019, as restated	150,142,955	$	15	4,569,233	$	1	2,549,185	$	(10,342)	$	445,452	$	41,731	$	(6,423)	$	(9,301)	$	(702,391)	$	(241,258)
Net loss January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2019, as restated	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		(32,172)		(32,172)
Equity-based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		2,798		—		—		—		2,798
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		3,392		—		—		3,392
Net realized pension actuarial loss, net of tax	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(224)		—		(224)
Balances at March 31, 2019, as restated	150,142,955	$	15	4,569,233		1	2,549,185	$	(10,342)	$	445,452	$	44,529	$	(3,031)	$	(9,525)	$	(734,563)	$	(267,464)
Net loss April 1, 2019 to June 30, 2019, as restated	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		(41,571)		(41,571)
Equity-based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		2,661		—		—		—		2,661
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(2,288)		—		—		(2,288)
Net realized pension actuarial gains, net of tax	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		256		—		256
RSUs Vested	102,092		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Shares repurchased	(237,962)		—	—		—	237,962		(607)		—		—		—		—		—		(607)
Balances at June 30, 2019, as restated	150,007,085	$	15	4,569,233		1	2,787,147	$	(10,949)	$	445,452	$	47,190	$	(5,319)	$	(9,269)	$	(776,134)	$	(309,013)
Net loss July 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019, as restated	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		(131,289)		(131,289)
Equity-based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		1,444		—		—		—		1,444
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		(2,325)		—		—		(2,325)
Net realized pension actuarial gains, net of tax	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		291		—		291
RSUs vested	508,390		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Withholding of employee taxes on vested RSUs	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(223)		—		—		—		(223)
Preferred shares converted to common	183,389		—	(150,000)		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balances at September 30, 2019, as restated	150,698,864	$	15	4,419,233		1	2,787,147	$	(10,949)	$	445,452	$	48,411	$	(7,644)	$	(8,978)	$	(907,423)	$	(441,115)

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														Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
																Unrealized
														Foreign		Pension
														Currency		Actuarial				Total
	Common Stock			Preferred Stock			Treasury Stock			Additional		Equity-Based		Translation		Losses,		Accumulated		Stockholders'
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Paid in Capital		Compensation		Adjustment		net of tax		Deficit		Deficit
Balances at January 1, 2020	150,851,689	$	15	4,294,233	$	1	2,787,147	$	(10,949)	$	445,452	$	49,336	$	(7,329)	$	(8,059)	$	(1,211,508)	$	(743,041)
Net loss January 1, 2020 to March 31, 2020	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		(12,670)		(12,670)
Equity-based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		861		—		—		—		861
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		920		—		—		920
Net realized pension actuarial gains, net of tax	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		504		—		504
Shares returned in connection with the Appraisal Action following repayment of Margin Loan	(4,570,734)		—	—		—	4,570,734		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Preferred shares converted to common shares	1,227,714		—	(1,004,183)		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balances at March 31, 2020	147,508,669	$	15	3,290,050	$	1	7,357,881	$	(10,949)	$	445,452	$	50,197	$	(6,409)	$	(7,555)	$	(1,224,178)	$	(753,426)
Net loss April 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		(48,691)		(48,691)
Equity-based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		921		—		—		—		921
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		22		—		—		22
Net realized pension actuarial gains, net of tax	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		33		—		33
Settlement gain on related party payable to Ex-Sigma 2	—		—	—		—	—		—		1,287		—		—		—		—		1,287
Adjustment to number of shares withheld in lieu of tax obligation of RSU holders in the year 2018	2,761		—	—		—	(2,761)		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Balances at June 30, 2020	147,511,430	$	15	3,290,050	$	1	7,355,120	$	(10,949)	$	446,739	$	51,118	$	(6,387)	$	(7,522)	$	(1,272,869)	$	(799,854)
Net loss July 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		—		(28,318)		(28,318)
Equity-based compensation	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		698		—		—		—		698
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		343		—		—		343
Net realized pension actuarial loss, net of tax	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(332)		—		(332)
Balances at September 30, 2020	147,511,430	$	15	3,290,050	$	1	7,355,120	$	(10,949)	$	446,739	$	51,816	$	(6,044)	$	(7,854)	$	(1,301,187)	$	(827,463)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Exela Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2019
	2020		(Restated)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(89,677)	$	(205,032)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss
Depreciation and amortization		68,127		76,482
Original issue discount and debt issuance cost amortization		10,979		8,730
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		97,158
Debt modification and extinguishment costs		—		1,049
Provision for doubtful accounts		415		4,402
Deferred income tax provision		(417)		1,632
Share-based compensation expense		2,480		6,903
Foreign currency remeasurement		(499)		(173)
Loss (gain) on sale of assets		(44,868)		123
Fair value adjustment for interest rate swap		23		4,965
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net effect from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable		44,197		3,501
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(8,012)		2,377
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(48,257)		(41,146)
Related party balances		(362)		(5,198)
Additions to outsource contract costs		(289)		(3,130)
Net cash used in operating activities		(66,160)		(47,357)

Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment		(6,893)		(10,797)
Additions to internally developed software		(2,988)		(5,074)
Cash paid in acquisition, net of cash received		(12,500)		(5,000)
Proceeds from sale of assets		50,126		360
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		27,745		(20,511)

Cash flows from financing activities
Repurchases of Common Stock		—		(3,480)
Borrowings from other loans		28,626		21,530
Borrowings under factoring arrangement and A/R Facility		166,786		48,748
Principal repayment on borrowings under factoring arrangement and A/R Facility		(84,121)		(49,243)
Cash paid for withholding taxes on vested RSUs		—		(223)
Proceeds from senior secured term loans		—		29,850
Lease terminations		(331)		(314)
Cash paid for debt issuance costs		(12,708)		(7)
Borrowings from senior secured revolving facility		29,750		130,500
Repayments on senior secured revolving facility		(14,200)		(91,500)
Principal payments on finance lease obligations		(9,614)		(13,598)
Principal repayments on senior secured term loans and other loans		(37,283)		(32,996)
Net cash provided by financing activities		66,905		39,267
Effect of exchange rates on cash		619		(29)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		29,109		(28,630)
Cash, restricted cash, and cash equivalents
Beginning of period		14,099		43,854
End of period	$	43,208	$	15,224

Supplemental cash flow data:
Income tax payments, net of refunds received	$	2,767	$	6,981
Interest paid		140,751		131,744
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Assets acquired through right-of-use arrangements		2,472		9,352
Settlement gain on related party payable to Ex-Sigma 2		1,287		—
Accrued capital expenditures		1,699		2,388

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Exela Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands of United States dollars except share and per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)

(Unaudited)

1. General

These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 included in the Exela Technologies, Inc. (the "Company," "Exela," "we," "our" or "us") annual report on Form 10-K for such period (the “2019 Form 10-K”).

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Regulation S-X as they apply to interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These accounting principles require us to use estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

The condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited, but in our opinion include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim period. The interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or the fiscal year.

Certain amounts in condensed consolidated statements of cash flows have been reclassified for comparability purposes.

Restatement

As described in additional detail in the Explanatory Note to its 2019 Form 10-K, the Company restated its audited consolidated financial statements in the 2019 Form 10-K for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 and its unaudited quarterly results for the first three fiscal quarters in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 and each fiscal quarter in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Previously filed annual reports on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the periods affected by the restatement have not been amended. See Note 20, Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data, of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements in the 2019 Form 10-K for the impact of these adjustments on each of the quarterly periods in fiscal 2018 and for the first three quarters of fiscal 2019. These condensed consolidated financial statements include restated results for the corresponding interim periods of fiscal 2019.

Going Concern

Under ASC Subtopic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (“ASC 205-40”), the Company has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. As required under ASC 205-40, management’s evaluation should initially not take into consideration the potential mitigating effects of management’s plans that have not been fully implemented as of the date the financial statements are issued. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.

Substantial Doubt Raised

In performing the first step of the evaluation, we concluded that the following conditions raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern:

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history of net losses of $28.3 million and $89.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $509.1 million and $169.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. This is after considering a gain of $35.3 million on the sale of SourceHOV Tax, LLC and a gain of $9.8 million on the sale of its physical record storage and logistics business each recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and including goodwill and other intangible asset impairment of $349.6 million, for the year ended December 31, 2019 and $48.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018;

●

net operating cash outflow of $66.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, $63.9 million in 2019 and inflow of $23.6 million in 2018;

●

working capital deficits of $81.1 million as of September 30, 2020, $147.1 million as of December 31, 2019 and $123.5 million as of December 31, 2018;

●

significant cash payments for interest on our long-term debt of $144.5 million in 2019 and a similar amount expected in 2020;

●

a liability incurred of $59.6 million for the Appraisal Action (as described further in Note 8);

●

a requirement that the Company maintain a minimum of $40.0 million and $35.0 million in liquidity, at all times, to not be in default of the A/R Facility (as defined below) and the First Lien Credit Agreement, dated as of July 12, 2017, as amended and restated as of July 13, 2018 and as further amended and restated as of April 16, 2019 (the “Prior Credit Agreement” and as further amended and restated as of May 18, 2020, the “Credit Agreement”), respectively; and

●

an accumulated deficit of $1,301.2 million.

Furthermore, under the terms of each of the Prior Credit Agreement, and the Indenture and First Supplemental Indenture (collectively, the “Indenture”), dated July 12, 2017, the Company was required to deliver to its lenders and bondholders the December 31, 2019 audited financial statements by April 14, 2020, which the Company failed to do. Such failure was an event of default under the Prior Credit Agreement if not cured within 30 days of receiving a notice of default. The Company received such notice on April 15, 2020. Additionally, under the terms of the A/R Facility (as described in Note 5), the Company was required to furnish to each lender the December 31, 2019 audited financial statements by May 11, 2020, which the Company failed to do. During the second quarter of 2020, both the Prior Credit Agreement and the A/R Facility were amended. Refer to Consideration of Management’s Plans section below.

Consideration of Management’s Plans

In performing the second step of this assessment, we are required to evaluate whether it is probable that our plans will be effectively implemented within one year after the financial statements are issued and whether it is probable those plans will alleviate the substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

As of November 6, 2020, the Company had $77.0 million of liquidity, comprised of available cash of $47.7 million and availability under borrowing facilities of $30.5 million, net of accounts payable greater than 90 days of $1.2 million, as required by the A/R Loan Agreement.

The Company has undertaken the following plans to improve our available cash balances, liquidity and cash generated flows from operations, over the twelve month period from the date the financial statements are issued, as follows:

●

On January 10, 2020, certain subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $160.0 million A/R Facility with a five-year term (as amended, the “A/R Facility”). The Company used the proceeds of the initial borrowings to repay outstanding revolving borrowings under the Company’s senior credit facility and to provide additional liquidity and funding for the ongoing business needs of the Company and its subsidiaries. As of November 6, 2020, the Company has the remaining availability of $4.0 million under the A/R Facility. Additionally, the A/R Facility agreement includes a requirement that the Company maintain a minimum of $40.0 million in liquidity, at all times, to not be considered in default.

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●

On March 16, 2020, the Company and its indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, Merco Holdings, LLC and SourceHOV Tax, LLC entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement with Gainline Source Intermediate Holdings LLC at which time Gainline Source Intermediate Holdings LLC acquired all of the outstanding membership interests of SourceHov Tax for $40.0 million, subject to adjustment as set forth in the purchase agreement of approximately $2.0 million which can be used to acquire, maintain, develop, construct, improve, upgrade or repair assets useful in our business or to make certain investments and acquisitions as permitted by the Credit Agreement.

●

On March 23, 2020, in response to the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company implemented a temporary freeze on increases to base salaries and wages unless contractually mandated. Additionally, in connection with the incentive program administered by the Company for hourly, non-exempt employees, a new maximum was put in place to limit the amount of incentives that could be earned in any given two (2) week pay period.

●

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. The refundable payroll tax credits and deferment of employer side social security payments provisions of the CARES Act will benefit Company’s liquidity by approximately $29.0 million.

●

On July 22, 2020 the Company completed the sale of its physical records storage and logistics business for a purchase price of $12.3 million which can be used to acquire, maintain, develop, construct, improve, upgrade or repair assets useful in our business or to make certain investments and acquisitions as permitted by the Credit Agreement.

Substantial Doubt Alleviated

The Company has had a history of negative trends in its financial condition and operating results as well as recent noncompliance with covenants with certain of its lenders. However, despite these conditions, the Company believes management’s plans, as described fully above, will provide sufficient liquidity to meet its financial obligations and further, maintain levels of liquidity as specifically required under the Credit Agreement and the A/R Facility. Therefore, management concluded these plans alleviate the substantial doubt that was raised about our ability to continue as a going concern for at least twelve months from the date that the financial statements were issued.

Future Plans and Other Considerations

Our plans to further enhance liquidity, which were not considered for the purposes of our assessment of whether substantial doubt is alleviated, include the potential sale of certain non-core assets that are not central to the Company’s long-term strategic vision, and any potential action with respect to these operations would be intended to allow the Company to better focus on its core businesses. The Company has retained financial advisors to assist with the sale of select assets. The Company expects to use the potential net proceeds from this initiative for the paydown of debt.

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Additionally, as discussed in Note 8, the petitioners in the Appraisal Action have filed additional actions to recognize the judgment against SourceHOV, which is a subsidiary without assets to satisfy the judgement. The Company does not expect these actions to be resolved and a settlement of liability recorded for the Appraisal Action to be made within twelve months from the date the financial statements were issued.

Our plans are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, which become significantly magnified when the effects of the current pandemic and related financial uncertainty are included in the assessment. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our future plans can be effectively implemented and, therefore, that the conditions can be effectively mitigated.

Net Loss per Share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net loss available to holders of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”) by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period, excluding the effects of any potentially dilutive securities. Diluted EPS gives effect to the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue Common Stock were exercised or converted into Common Stock, using the more dilutive of the two-class method and if-converted method in periods of earnings. The two class method is an earnings allocation method that determines earnings per share (when there are earnings) for common stock and participating securities. The if-converted method assumes all convertible securities are converted into common stock. Diluted EPS excludes all dilutive potential shares of common stock if their effect is anti-dilutive.

As the Company experienced net losses for the periods presented, the impact of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”) was calculated using the if-converted method. As of September 30, 2020, the outstanding shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock, if converted would have resulted in an additional 4,022,415 shares of Common Stock outstanding, however, they were not included in the computation of diluted loss per share as their effects were anti-dilutive.

The Company was originally incorporated as a special purpose acquisition company under the name Quinpario Acquisition Corp 2 (“Quinpario”), which changed its name to Exela Technologies, Inc. in July 2017. The Company has not included the effect of 35,000,000 warrants sold in the Quinpario Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) or the effect of the aggregate number of shares issuable pursuant to outstanding restricted stock units and options of 5,175,747 and 5,403,055 as of September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, because their effects were anti-dilutive (i.e. reduces the net loss per share).


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2019				2019
	2020		(Restated)		2020		(Restated)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (A)	$	(29,294)	$	(132,173)	$	(90,071)	$	(207,744)
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted (B)		147,511,430		145,636,749		147,405,476		145,569,843
Loss Per Share:
Basic and diluted (A/B)	$	(0.20)	$	(0.91)	$	(0.61)	$	(1.43)

The weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted, in the table above, exclude in each case the 4,570,734 shares returned to the Company in the first quarter of 2020 in connection with the Appraisal Action (as defined and described further in Note 8 below) which became treasury stock, but which were included in the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of September 30, 2019.

Sale of Non-Core Assets

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interests of SourceHov Tax, LLC for $40.0 million subject to adjustment as set forth in the purchase agreement. The Company recognized a gain of $35.3 million on the sale of SourceHOV Tax, LLC during the first quarter of 2020, which takes into account approximately $2.0 million downwards adjustments to the purchase price in accordance with the purchase agreement. The gain on sale of SourceHOV Tax, LLC is included in Other expense (income), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

On July 22, 2020, the Company completed the sale of its physical records storage and logistics business for a purchase price of $12.3 million. The Company recognized a gain of $9.8 million on the sale of physical records storage and logistics business during the third quarter of 2020. The gain on sale of physical records storage and logistics business is included in Other expense (income), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Impact of COVID-19

Our global operations continue to expose us to risks associated with the coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”), which continues to result in challenging operating environments and has affected almost all of the countries and territories in which we operate. Authorities across the world have implemented measures like travel bans, quarantines, curfews, restrictions on public gatherings, shelter in place orders, business shutdowns and closures to control the spread of COVID-19. These measures, alongside the virus itself, have impacted, and we expect will continue to impact, us, our customers, suppliers and other third parties with whom we do business, as well as the global economy, demand for our services and spending across many sectors, as a whole. While some jurisdictions have now started to implement plans for reopening, there are others which had to return to restrictions due to increased spread of COVID-19.

The Company is dependent on its workforce to deliver its solutions and services. While we have developed and implemented health and safety protocols, business continuity plans and crisis management protocols in an effort to try to mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19, restrictions such as shutdowns, social distancing and stay-at-home orders in various jurisdictions have impacted and will continue to impact the Company’s ability to deploy its workforce effectively. A part of our workforce has now started to operate from offices and delivery centers, but many are still operating in a remote work environment.

The full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve as of the date of this report and the extent to which COVID-19 will ultimately impact the Company’s business depends upon various dynamic factors which are difficult to be predicted reliably. Management continues to actively monitor the global situation and its impact on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce. Given the continuous evolution of the COVID-19 outbreak and the global responses to curb its spread, the Company is not able to fully estimate adverse effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on its results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity for the remainder of fiscal year 2020 or the future.

2. New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Effective March 12, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) no. 2020-04, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. This ASU provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the guidance in GAAP on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). Entities can elect not to apply certain modification accounting requirements to contracts affected by what the guidance calls reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. An entity that makes this election would not have to remeasure the contracts at the modification date or reassess a previous accounting determination. The guidance is effective upon issuance and generally can be applied through December 31, 2022. The adoption had no impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position or disclosures.

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Effective March 9, 2020, the Company adopted ASU no. 2020-03, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments. This ASU represents changes to clarify or improve the Codification. The amendments make the Codification easier to understand and apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications in relation to financial instruments. This guidance was effective immediately upon issuance. The additional elements of the ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position or disclosures.

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU no. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820); which changes the fair value measurement disclosure requirements of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC 820”). The amendments in this ASU are the result of a broader disclosure project called FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. The FASB used the guidance in the Concepts Statement to improve the effectiveness of ASC 820’s disclosure requirements. The objective of the disclosure requirements in this subtopic is to provide users of financial statements with information about assets and liabilities measured at fair value in the statement of financial position or disclosed in the notes to financial statements. The ASU includes but is not limited to the valuation techniques and inputs that a reporting entity uses to arrive at its measures of fair value, including judgments and assumptions that the entity makes, the uncertainty in the fair value measurements as of the reporting date, and how changes in fair value measurements affect an entity’s performance and cash flows. The adoption had no material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position or disclosures.

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU no. 2018-15, Intangibles, Goodwill, and Other - Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's accounting for implementation costs incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a service contract. The amendments align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). Accordingly, the amendments require an entity (customer) in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract to follow the guidance in Subtopic 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to capitalize as an asset related to the service contract and which costs to expense. The amendments also require the entity (customer) to expense the capitalized implementation costs of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract over the term of the hosting arrangement, which includes reasonably certain renewals. The adoption had no material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position or disclosures.

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU no. 2019-08, Codification Improvements — Share-Based Consideration Payable to a Customer. This ASU clarifies the accounting for share-based payments issued as consideration payable to a customer in accordance with ASC 606. Under the ASU, entities apply the guidance in ASC 718 to measure and classify share-based payments issued to a customer that are not in exchange for a distinct good or service (i.e., share-based sales incentives). Accordingly, entities use a fair-value-based measure to calculate such incentives on the grant date, which is the date on which the grantor (the entity) and the grantee (the customer) reach a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions of the share-based consideration. The result is reflected as a reduction of revenue in accordance with the guidance in ASC 606 on consideration payable to a customer. After initial recognition, the measurement and classification of the share-based sales incentives continue to be subject to ASC 718 unless (1) the award is subsequently modified when vested and (2) the grantee is no longer a customer. The adoption had no impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position or disclosures.

In July 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-07, Codification Updates to SEC Sections. This ASU amends various SEC paragraphs pursuant to the issuance of SEC Final Rule Releases No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, and Nos. 33-10231 and 33-10442, Investment Company Reporting Modernization. The S-X Rule 3-04 requires the presentation of changes in stockholders’ equity in the form of a reconciliation of the beginning balance to the ending balance for each period for which a statement of income is required to be filed with all significant reconciling items. The Company presented changes in stockholders' equity as separate financial statements for the current and comparative year-to-date interim periods beginning on January 1, 2019. This guidance was effective immediately upon issuance. The additional elements of the ASU did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operations, cash flows, financial position or disclosures.

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU no. 2016-02, Leases (ASC 842). This ASU increases transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2019,

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under the modified retrospective transition method provided by ASU 2018-11 with the following practical expedients below:

●

Not to record leases with an initial term of 12 months or less on the balance sheet; and

●

Not to reassess the (1) definition of a lease, (2) lease classification, and (3) initial direct costs for existing leases during transition.

The adoption had a material impact on the Company's unaudited consolidated balance sheets, but did not have a material impact on the Company's unaudited consolidated statements of operations and unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows. The most significant impact was the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases, while the Company's accounting for finance leases remained substantially unchanged.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU no. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology under current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The Company will be required to use a forward-looking expected credit loss model for accounts receivables, loans, and other financial instruments. This ASU along with related additional clarificatory guidance in the ASU No. 2019-05, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326)” and ASU No. 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses”, are effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of the standard will be applied using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. The Company is currently in the early stages of evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU no. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. This ASU simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating some exceptions to the general approach in ASC 740, Income Taxes, for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. The ASU adds guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, including recognizing deferred taxes for tax goodwill and allocating taxes to members of a consolidated group. It also clarifies certain aspects of the existing guidance to promote more consistent application, among other things. The ASU is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the early stages of evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU no. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. The ASU eliminates two models in ASC 470-20 for convertible instruments that require separate accounting for embedded conversion features namely cash conversion model and beneficial conversion feature model. The guidance also requires entities to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments in the diluted earnings per share calculation and include the effect of share settlement for instruments that may be settled in cash or shares. The ASU is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the early stages of evaluating the impact that adopting this standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

3. Significant Accounting Policies

The information presented below supplements the Significant Accounting Policies information presented in our 2019 Form 10-K, including Revenue Recognition for the adoption of ASC 606 (ASU 2014-09: Revenue from Contracts with Customers), which became effective January 1, 2018. See our 2019 Form 10-K for a description of our significant accounting policies in effect prior to the adoption of the new accounting standard.

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Revenue Recognition

We account for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in ASC 606. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. The contract transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All of our material sources of revenue are derived from contracts with customers, primarily relating to the provision of business and transaction processing services within each of our segments. We do not have any significant extended payment terms, as payment is received shortly after goods are delivered or services are provided.

Nature of Services

Our primary performance obligations are to stand ready to provide various forms of business processing services, consisting of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, and accordingly are combined into a single performance obligation. Our promise to our customers is typically to perform an unknown or unspecified quantity of tasks and the consideration received is contingent upon the customers’ use (i.e., number of transactions processed, requests fulfilled, etc.); as such, the total transaction price is variable. We allocate the variable fees to the single performance obligation charged to the distinct service period in which we have the contractual right to bill under the contract.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following tables disaggregate revenue from contracts by geographic region and by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
									2019
	2020								(Restated)
		ITPS		HS		LLPS		Total		ITPS		HS		LLPS		Total
U.S.A.	$	178,075	$	54,209	$	16,706	$	248,990	$	230,120	$	62,132	$	18,806	$	311,058
EMEA		51,232		—		—		51,232		55,836		—		—		55,836
Other		5,058		—		—		5,058		6,651		—		—		6,651
Total	$	234,365	$	54,209	$	16,706	$	305,280	$	292,607	$	62,132	$	18,806	$	373,545


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
									2019
	2020								(Restated)
		ITPS		HS		LLPS		Total		ITPS		HS		LLPS		Total
U.S.A.	$	592,238	$	167,424	$	49,524	$	809,186	$	720,846	$	186,915	$	54,217	$	961,978
EMEA		152,222		—		—		152,222		186,337		—		—		186,337
Other		17,045		—		—		17,045		20,436		—		—		20,436
Total	$	761,505	$	167,424	$	49,524	$	978,453	$	927,619	$	186,915	$	54,217	$	1,168,751

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Contract Balances

The following table presents contract assets, contract liabilities and contract costs recognized at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Accounts receivable, net	$	214,949	$	261,400
Deferred revenues		18,623		16,621
Customer deposits		15,605		27,765
Costs to obtain and fulfill a contract		3,616		4,977

Accounts receivable, net includes $20.1 million and $34.1 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, representing amounts not billed to customers. We have accrued the unbilled receivables for work performed in accordance with the terms of contracts with customers.

Deferred revenues relate to payments received in advance of performance under a contract. A significant portion of this balance relates to maintenance contracts or other service contracts where we received payments for upfront conversions or implementation activities which do not transfer a service to the customer but rather are used in fulfilling the related performance obligations that transfer over time. The advance consideration received from customers is deferred over the contract term. We recognized revenue of $14.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 that had been deferred as of December 31, 2019.

Costs incurred to obtain and fulfill contracts are deferred and expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated benefit period. We recognized $1.8 million of amortization for these costs in the first nine months of 2020 within depreciation and amortization expense. These costs represent incremental external costs or certain specific internal costs that are directly related to the contract acquisition or fulfillment and can be separated into two principal categories: contract commissions and fulfillment costs. Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, we recognize the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses. The effect of applying this practical expedient was not material.

Customer deposits consist primarily of amounts received from customers in advance for postage. The amounts recorded as of December 31, 2019 were used to pay for postage with the corresponding postage revenue being recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Any residual balances may be retained and used in future periods.

Performance Obligations

At the inception of each contract, we assess the goods and services promised in our contracts and identify each distinct performance obligation. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts. For the majority of our business and transaction processing service contracts, revenues are recognized as services are provided, typically based on the related labor or transactional volumes.

Certain of our contracts have multiple performance obligations, including contracts that combine software implementation services with post-implementation customer support. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. The primary method used to estimate standalone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach, under which we estimate our expected costs of satisfying a performance obligation and add an appropriate margin for that distinct good or service. We also use the adjusted market approach whereby we estimate the price that customers in the market would be willing to pay. In assessing whether to allocate variable consideration to a specific part of the contract, we consider the nature of the variable payment and

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whether it relates specifically to its efforts to satisfy a specific part of the contract. Certain of our software implementation performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, typically when customer acceptance is obtained.

When evaluating the transaction price, we analyze, on a contract-by-contract basis, all applicable variable consideration. The nature of our contracts give rise to variable consideration, including volume discounts, contract penalties, and other similar items that generally decrease the transaction price. We estimate these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenues recognized. We do not anticipate significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration.

We include reimbursements from customers, such as postage costs, in revenue, while the related costs are included in cost of revenue.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

In accordance with optional exemptions available under ASC 606, we did not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (a) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (b) contracts for which variable consideration relates entirely to an unsatisfied performance obligation, which comprise the majority of our contracts. We have certain non-cancellable contracts where we receive a fixed monthly fee in exchange for a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer over time, with the corresponding remaining performance obligations as of September 30, 2020 in each of the future periods below:


Estimated Remaining Fixed Consideration for Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

Remainder of 2020	$	12,360
2021		42,714
2022		35,611
2023		28,944
2024		26,814
2025 and thereafter		27,144
Total	$	173,587

4. Intangibles Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost or acquisition-date fair value less accumulated amortization and consists of the following:


	September 30, 2020
	Gross Carrying				Intangible
	Amount (a)		Amortization		Asset, net
Customer relationships	$	508,084	$	(267,917)	$	240,167
Developed technology		88,553		(86,985)		1,568
Trade names (b)		8,400		(3,100)		5,300
Outsource contract costs		16,065		(12,449)		3,616
Internally developed software		46,184		(18,021)		28,163
Assembled workforce		4,473		(1,957)		2,516
Purchased software		26,749		(3,121)		23,628
Intangibles, net	$	698,508	$	(393,550)	$	304,958

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	December 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying				Intangible
	Amount (a)		Amortization		Asset, net
Customer relationships	$	508,074	$	(237,313)	$	270,761
Developed technology		89,053		(87,109)		1,944
Trade names (b)		8,400		(3,100)		5,300
Outsource contract costs		16,726		(11,749)		4,977
Internally developed software		43,261		(12,129)		31,132
Trademarks		23,378		(23,370)		8
Assembled workforce		4,473		(1,118)		3,355
Purchased software		26,749		(1,783)		24,966
Intangibles, net	$	720,114	$	(377,671)	$	342,443

(a)	Amounts include intangible assets acquired in business combinations and asset acquisitions.

(b)	The carrying amount of trade names for 2020 and 2019 is net of accumulated impairment losses of $44.1 million, of which $1.0 million was recognized in 2019. Carrying amount of $5.3 million as at September 30, 2020 represents indefinite-lived intangible asset.

Goodwill

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approach the markets and interacts with its clients. The Company is organized into three segments: ITPS, HS, and LLPS (See Note 13).

Goodwill by reporting segment consists of the following:




	Balances as at January 1, 2019 (a)			Additions		Impairments		Currency Translation Adjustments		Balances as at December 31, 2019 (a)
ITPS	$	571,575	$	—	$	(317,525)	$	70	$	254,120
HS		86,786		—		—		—		86,786
LLPS		49,897		—		(31,032)		—		18,865
Total	$	708,258	$	—	$	(348,557)	$	70	$	359,771

	Balances as at January 1, 2020 (a)			Additions		Impairments		Currency Translation Adjustments		Balances as at September 30, 2020 (a)
ITPS		254,120		—		—		(501)		253,619
HS		86,786		—		—		—		86,786
LLPS		18,865		—		—		—		18,865
Total	$	359,771	$	—	$	—	$	(501)	$	359,270

(a)

The goodwill amount for all periods presented is net of accumulated impairment amount as at December 31, 2018. Accumulated impairment is $212.3 million and $560.9 million as at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2020, respectively.

5. Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities

Senior Secured Notes

On July 12, 2017, the Company issued $1.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of 10.0% First Priority Senior Secured Notes due 2023 (the “Notes”). The Notes are guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Company. The Notes

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bear interest at a rate of 10.0% per year. The Company pays interest on the Notes on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on January 15, 2018. The Notes will mature on July 15, 2023.

Senior Credit Facilities

The Credit Agreement provided for the following interest rates for borrowings under the senior secured term facility and senior secured revolving facility: at the Company’s option, either (1) an adjusted LIBOR, subject to a 1.0% floor in the case of term loans, or (2) a base rate, in each case plus an applicable margin. The initial applicable margin for the senior secured term facility was 7.5% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 6.5% with respect to base rate borrowings. The initial applicable margin for the senior secured revolving facility was 7.0% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 6.0% with respect to base rate borrowings. The applicable margin for borrowings under the senior secured revolving facility is subject to step-downs based on leverage ratios. The senior secured term loan is subject to amortization payments, commencing on the last day of the first full fiscal quarter of the Company following the closing date, of 0.6% of the aggregate principal amount for each of the first eight payments and 1.3% of the aggregate principal amount for payments thereafter, with any balance due at maturity.

Term Loan Repricing

On July 13, 2018, Exela successfully repriced the $343.4 million of term loans outstanding under its senior secured credit facilities (the “Repricing”). The Repricing was accomplished pursuant to a First Amendment to the First Lien Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”), dated as of July 13, 2018, by and among the Company’s subsidiaries Exela Intermediate Holdings LLC, Exela Intermediate, LLC, each “Subsidiary Loan Party” listed on the signature pages thereto, Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent, and each of the lenders party thereto, whereby the Company borrowed $343.4 million of refinancing term loans (the “Repricing Term Loans”) to refinance the Company’s existing senior secured term loans.

In accordance with ASC 470 – Debt – Modifications and Extinguishments, as a result of certain lenders that participated in Exela’s debt structure prior to the Repricing and the Company’s debt structure after the Repricing, it was determined that a portion of the refinancing of Exela’s senior secured credit facilities would be accounted for as a debt modification, and the remaining would be accounted for as an extinguishment. The Company incurred $1.0 million in new debt issuance costs related to the refinancing, of which $1.0 million was expensed pursuant to modification accounting. The proportion of debt that was extinguished resulted in a write off of previously recognized debt issue costs of $0.1 million. Additionally, for the new lenders who exceeded the 10% test, less than $0.1 million was recorded as additional debt issue costs. All unamortized costs and discounts will be amortized over the life of the new term loan using the effective interest rate of the term loan.

The Repricing Term Loans will bear interest at a rate per annum of, at the Company’s option, either (a) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for Eurodollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a 1.0% floor, or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.5%, (ii) the prime rate and (iii) the one-month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.0%, in each case plus an applicable margin of 6.5% for LIBOR loans and 5.5% for base rate loans. The interest rates applicable to the Repricing Term Loans are 100 basis points lower than the interest rates applicable to the existing senior secured term loans that were incurred on July 12, 2017 pursuant to the Credit Agreement. The Repricing Term Loans will mature on July 12, 2023, the same maturity date as the prior senior secured term loans.

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2018 Incremental Term Loans

On July 13, 2018, the Company successfully borrowed an additional $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans (the “Incremental Term Loans”) under the First Amendment. The proceeds of the Incremental Term Loans may be used by the Company for general corporate purposes and to pay fees and expenses in connection with the First Amendment. The interest rates applicable to the Incremental Term Loans are the same as those for the Repricing Term Loans.

The Company may voluntarily repay the Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans (collectively, the “Term Loans”) at any time, without prepayment premium or penalty, subject to customary “breakage” costs with respect to LIBOR rate loans.

Other than as described above, the terms, conditions and covenants applicable to the Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans are consistent with the terms, conditions and covenants that were applicable to the existing senior secured loans under the Credit Agreement. The Repricing and issuance of the Incremental Term Loans resulted in a partial debt extinguishment, for which Exela recognized $1.1 million in debt extinguishment costs in the third quarter of 2018.

2019 Incremental Term Loan

On April 16, 2019, the Company successfully borrowed an additional $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans (the “2019 Incremental Term Loans”) under the Second Amendment to First Lien Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”). The proceeds of the 2019 Incremental Term Loans were used to replace the cash spent for acquisitions, pay related fees, expenses and related borrowings and for general corporate purposes.

The 2019 Incremental Term Loans will bear interest at a rate per annum that is the same as the Company’s Repricing Term Loans under the senior credit facility. The 2019 Incremental Term Loans will mature on July 12, 2023, the same maturity date as the Term Loans. The Company may voluntarily repay the 2019 Incremental Term Loans at any time, without prepayment premium or penalty, subject to customary “breakage” costs with respect to LIBOR rate loans.

Other than as described above, the terms, conditions and covenants applicable to the 2019 Incremental Term Loans are consistent with the terms, conditions and covenants that are applicable to the Repricing Term Loans and 2018 Incremental Term Loans under the Credit Agreement. The Repricing and issuance of the 2018 and 2019 Incremental Term Loans resulted in a partial debt extinguishment, for which Exela recognized $1.4 million in debt extinguishment costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Third Amendment

On May 18, 2020, the Company amended the Prior Credit Agreement to, among other things, extend the time for delivery of its audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 and its financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Upon the Company’s delivery of the annual and quarterly financial statements described above within the time frames stated therein (which the Company satisfied during the month of June 2020), the Company became in compliance with the Credit Agreement, with respect to the financial statement delivery requirements set forth therein. Pursuant to the amendment, the Company also amended the Prior Credit Agreement to, among other things: restrict the borrower and its subsidiaries’ ability to designate or invest in unrestricted subsidiaries; incur certain debt; create certain liens; make certain investments; pay certain dividends or other distributions on account of its equity interests; make certain asset sales or other dispositions (or utilize the proceeds of certain asset sales to reinvest in the business); or enter into certain affiliate transactions pursuant to the negative covenants under the Credit Agreement. Further, pursuant to the amendment, the borrower under the Credit Agreement is also required to maintain a minimum Liquidity (as defined in the amendment) of $35.0 million. In connection with this amendment, the Company paid a forbearance fee of $5 million to the consenting lenders. The Company concluded that the amendment represents modification of debt under ASC 470-50. Accordingly, the forbearance fee paid was added to unamortized debt issuance cost which shall be amortized using updated effective interest rate based on modified cash flows.

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Receivables Securitization

On January 10, 2020, certain subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $160.0 million accounts receivable securitization facility (the “A/R Facility”) with a five year term. In the A/R Facility, (i) Exela Receivables 1, LLC (the “A/R Borrower”), a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “A/R Loan Agreement”), dated as of January 10, 2020, with TPG Specialty Lending, Inc., as administrative agent (the “A/R Administrative Agent”), PNC Bank National Association, as LC Bank (the “LC Bank”), the lenders (each, an “A/R Lender” and collectively the “A/R Lenders”) and the Company, as initial servicer, pursuant to which the A/R Lenders will make loans (the “Loan”) to the A/R Borrower to be used to purchase certain receivables and related assets from its sole member, Exela Receivables Holdco, LLC (the “Parent SPE”), a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of the Company, (ii) sixteen other indirect, wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries of the Company (collectively, the “Originators”) sold or contributed and will sell or contribute to the Parent SPE certain receivables and related assets in consideration for a combination of cash, equity in the Parent SPE and/or letters of credit issued by the LC Bank to the Originators; and (iii) the Parent SPE has sold or contributed and will sell or contribute to the Borrower certain receivables and related assets in consideration for a combination of cash, equity in the A/R Borrower and/or letters of credit issued by the LC Bank to the beneficiaries elected by Parent SPE.

The Company, the Parent SPE, the A/R Borrower and the Originators provide customary representations and covenants pursuant to the agreements entered into in connection with the A/R Facility. The A/R Loan Agreement provides for certain events of default upon the occurrence of which the A/R Administrative Agent may declare the A/R Facility’s termination date to have occurred and declare the outstanding Loan and all other obligations of the A/R Borrower to be immediately due and payable. The Company used the proceeds of the initial borrowings to repay outstanding revolving borrowings under the Company’s senior credit facility and to provide additional liquidity and funding for the ongoing business needs of the Company and its subsidiaries.

Pursuant to the A/R Loan Agreement, each of Company, the A/R Borrower, the Parent SPE and the Originators (the “Exela Parties”) is prohibited from amending or modifying any Existing Secured Debt Documents (as defined in the A/R Loan Agreement) if such amendment or modification could: (i) by its terms cause any Exela Party to be unable to perform its obligations under Transaction Documents (as defined in the A/R Loan Agreement), (ii) cause any inaccuracy or breach of any representation, warranty, or covenant of any Exela Party, (iii) could subject any existing or subsequently arising Collateral to an Adverse Claim (each as defined in the A/R Loan Agreement), or (iv) adversely affect any rights or remedies of the Lenders, the LC Bank and the A/R Administrative Agent under the A/R Facility. The A/R Borrower and Parent SPE were formed in December 2019, and are consolidated into the Company’s financial statements even though they had no material assets or operations during the year end December 31, 2019. The A/R Borrower and Parent SPE are bankruptcy remote entities and as such their assets are not available to creditors of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. Since January 10, 2020, the parties have amended and waived the A/R Facility several times to address contractually, the occurrence of certain events, including among other things, the delay in delivery of annual financial statements for the fiscal year ended 2019, financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, and the Initial Servicer’s Liquidity (as defined in the A/R Facility) falling below $60.0 million. In connection with these amendments a forbearance fee of $4.8 million was due and added to the outstanding principal balance of the loans. The Company concluded that the amendment represents modification of debt under ASC 470-50. Accordingly, the forbearance fee paid was added to unamortized debt issuance cost which shall be amortized ratably over the remaining term of the A/R facility.

Each loan under the A/R Facility originally bore interest on the unpaid principal amount as follows: (1) if a Base Rate Loan, at 3.75% plus a rate equal to the greater of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Funds Effective Rate in effect on such day plus 0.50%, (c) the Adjusted LIBOR Rate (which rate shall be calculated based upon an Interest Period of one month and determined on a daily basis) plus 1.00%, and (d) 4.50% per annum and (2) if a LIBOR Rate Loan, 4.75% plus a floating LIBOR Rate with a 1.00% LIBOR floor. In connection with the above described amendments to the A/R Facility, the applicable margin of the Base Rate Loans was increased to 5.75% and the LIBOR Rate Loans was increased to 6.75%. As of September 30, 2020, there were $83.0 million borrowings under the Receivables Securitization Facility.

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Long-Term Debt Outstanding

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the following long-term debt instruments were outstanding:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Other (a)	$	36,897	$	30,232
First lien credit agreement (b)		346,697		360,583
Senior secured notes (c)		982,867		979,060
Secured borrowings under A/R Facility		83,000		—
Revolver		80,550		65,000
Total debt		1,530,011		1,434,875
Less: Current portion of long-term debt		(38,042)		(36,490)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	$	1,491,969	$	1,398,385

(a)	Other debt represents the Company’s outstanding loan balances associated with various hardware and software purchases along with loans entered into by subsidiaries of the Company.

(b)	Net of unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs of $5.2 million and $18.7 million as of September 30, 2020 and $6.5 million and $18.9 million as of December 31, 2019.

(c)	Net of unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs of $12.2 million and $4.9 million as of September 30, 2020 and $14.9 million and $6.0 million as of December 31, 2019.

6. Income Taxes

The Company applies an estimated annual effective tax rate (“ETR”) approach for calculating a tax provision for interim periods, as required under GAAP. The Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.3 million and income tax benefit of $3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company recorded an income tax expense of $3.4 million and $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company's ETR of (1.1%) and (4.0%) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0% and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, state and local current expense, foreign operations, and valuation allowances, including valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s deferred tax assets on U.S. disallowed interest expense carryforwards created by the provisions of The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”).

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company’s ETR of 2.8% and (2.9%) differed from the expected U.S. statutory tax rate of 21.0%, and was primarily impacted by permanent tax adjustments, state and local current expense, foreign operations, and valuation allowances, including valuation allowances on a portion of the Company’s U.S. disallowed interest expense carryforwards created by the provisions of the TCJA.

As of September 30, 2020, there were no material changes to either the nature or the amounts of the uncertain tax positions previously determined for the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company's valuation allowances have increased by approximately $25.8 million from December 31, 2019 to September 30, 2020 due largely to effects of TCJA relating to interest expense.

7. Employee Benefit Plans

German Pension Plan

The Company’s subsidiary in Germany provides pension benefits to certain retirees. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who started working for the Company or its predecessors prior to September 30, 1987 and have finished a qualifying period of at least 10 years. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31

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measurement date for this plan. The German pension plan is an unfunded plan and therefore has no plan assets. No new employees are registered under this plan and the participants who are already eligible to receive benefits under this plan are no longer employees of the Company.

U.K. Pension Plan

The Company’s subsidiary in the United Kingdom provides pension benefits to certain retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to October 2001. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants as at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or December 31, 2015.

Norway Pension Plan

The Company’s subsidiary in Norway provides pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents. Employees eligible for participation include all employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to March 2018. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants as at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or April 30, 2018.

Asterion Pension Plan

In April 2018 through its acquisition of Asterion International Group the Company became obligated to provide pension benefits to eligible retirees and eligible dependents of Asterion. Employees eligible for participation included all full-time regular employees who were more than three years from retirement prior to July 2003. A retirement pension or a lump-sum payment may be paid dependent upon length of service at the mandatory retirement age. The Company accrues the cost of these benefits over the service lives of the covered employees based on an actuarial calculation. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for this plan. No new employees are registered under this plan and the pension obligation for the existing participants of the plan is calculated based on actual salary of the participants as at the earlier of two dates, the participants leaving the Company or April 10, 2018.

Tax Effect on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 the Company recorded actuarial losses of $7.9 million and $8.1 million in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively, which are net of a deferred tax benefit of $2.0 million.

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Pension Expense

The components of the net periodic benefit cost are as follows:


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2019				2019
	2020		(Restated)		2020		(Restated)
Service cost	$	19	$	23	$	57	$	68
Interest cost		494		592		1,482		1,777
Expected return on plan assets		(639)		(612)		(1,917)		(1,837)
Amortization:
Amortization of prior service cost		25		25		75		76
Amortization of net (gain) loss		430		406		1,290		1,218
Net periodic benefit cost	$	329	$	434	$	987	$	1,302

The Company records pension interest cost within Interest expense, net. Expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service costs, and amortization of net losses are recorded within Other income, net. Service cost is recorded within Cost of revenue.

Employer Contributions

The Company’s funding of employer contributions is based on governmental requirements and differs from those methods used to recognize pension expense. The Company made contributions of $1.8 million and $1.7 million to its pension plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (as restated), respectively. The Company has funded the pension plans with the required contributions for 2020 based on current plan provisions.

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Appraisal Action

On September 21, 2017, former stockholders of SourceHOV Holdings, Inc. (“SourceHOV”), who owned 10,304 shares of SourceHOV common stock, filed a petition for appraisal pursuant to 8 Del. C. § 262 in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Manichaean Capital, LLC, et al. v. SourceHOV Holdings, Inc., C.A. No. 2017 0673 JRS (the “Appraisal Action”). The Appraisal Action arose out of a preliminary transaction in connection with the acquisition of SourceHOV and Novitex Holdings, Inc., by Quinpario in July 2017 (“Novitex Business Combination”), and the petitioners sought, among other things, a determination of the fair value of their SourceHOV shares at the time of the Novitex Business Combination; an order that SourceHOV pay that value to the petitioners, together with interest at the statutory rate; and an award of costs, attorneys’ fees, and other expenses. During the trial the parties and their experts offered competing valuations of the SourceHOV shares as of the date of the Novitex Business Combination. SourceHOV argued the value was no more than $1,633.85 per share and the petitioners argued the value was at least $5,079.28 per share. On January 30, 2020, the Court issued its post-trial Memorandum Opinion in the Appraisal Action, in which it found that the fair value of SourceHOV as of the date of the Novitex Business Combination was $4,591 per share, and on March 26, 2020, the Court issued its final order awarding the petitioners $57,698,426 inclusive of costs and interest. Per the Court’s opinion, the legal rate of interest, compounded quarterly, accrues on the per share value from the July 2017 closing date of the Novitex Business Combination until the date of payment to petitioners.

On May 7, 2020, SourceHOV filed a motion for new trial in relation to share count. On June 11, 2020 the Court denied SourceHOV’s motion for new trial. SourceHOV appealed the judgment in the Appraisal Action to the Supreme Court of the State of Delaware on June 30, 2020. The appeal is pending and at this time, we cannot determine whether the appeal will be successful. At present, SourceHOV has not posted a bond to stay the judgment in the Appraisal Action, and to date, the petitioners have not been successful in their attempts to collect on the judgment against SourceHOV.

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The petitioners have filed additional actions to recognize the judgment against SourceHOV, an action alleging unjust enrichment and seeking restitution and to pierce the corporate veil and seek alter ego liability against Exela Technologies, Inc. and over 50 alleged subsidiaries and/or affiliates in an attempt to collect the award in the Appraisal Action from entities other than SourceHOV, and an action against SourceHOV and certain of its directors and officers alleging creditor derivative claims. Although the Company believes that it has valid defenses to these ancillary proceedings, the ancillary proceedings are in the preliminary stages and there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful.

As a result of the Appraisal Action and following repayment of the Margin Loan by Ex-Sigma 2 LLC (“Ex-Sigma 2”), 4,570,734 shares of our Common Stock issued to Ex-Sigma 2, our largest shareholder following the Novitex Business Combination, were returned to the Company during the first quarter of 2020.

As of September 30, 2020, the Company accrued a liability of $59.6 million for the Appraisal Action based on the judgment received on January 30, 2020 plus accrued interest, which is management’s best estimate of the total payment.

Contract-Related Contingencies

The Company has certain contingent obligations that arise in the ordinary course of providing services to its customers. These contingencies are generally the result of contracts that require the Company to comply with certain performance measurements or the delivery of certain services to customers by a specified deadline. The Company believes the adjustments to the transaction price, if any, under these contract provisions will not result in a significant revenue reversal or have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations or consolidated statements of cash flows.

9. Fair Value Measurement

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The carrying amount of assets and liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and current portion of long-term debt approximated their fair value as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, due to the relative short maturity of these instruments. Management estimates the fair values of the secured term loan and secured notes at approximately 32.0% and 30.0% respectively, of the respective principal balance outstanding as of September 30, 2020. The fair value is substantially less than the carrying value for the long-term debt. Other debt represents the Company's outstanding loan balances associated with various hardware and software purchases along with loans entered into by subsidiaries of the Company and as such, the cost incurred would approximate fair value. Property and equipment, intangible assets, capital lease obligations, and goodwill are not required to be re-measured to fair value on a recurring basis. These assets are evaluated for impairment if certain triggering events occur. If such evaluation indicates that impairment exists, the respective asset is written down to its fair value.

The Company determined the fair value of its long-term debt using Level 2 inputs including the recent issue of the debt, the Company’s credit rating, and the current risk-free rate. The Company’s contingent liabilities related to prior acquisitions are re-measured each period and represent a Level 2 measurement as it is based on using an earn out method based on the agreement terms.

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The Company determined the fair value of the interest rate swap using Level 2 inputs. The Company uses closing prices as provided by a third party institution.

The following table provides the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019:


	Carrying		Fair		Fair Value Measurements
As of September 30, 2020	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Recurring assets and liabilities:
Long-term debt	$	1,491,969	$	580,987	$	—	$	580,987	$	—
Interest rate swap liability		524		524		—		524		—
Acquisition contingent liability		1,000		1,000						1,000
Nonrecurring assets and liabilities:
Goodwill		359,270		359,270		—		—		359,270


	Carrying		Fair		Fair Value Measurements
As of December 31, 2019	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Recurring assets and liabilities:
Long-term debt	$	1,398,385	$	632,796	$	—	$	632,796	$	—
Interest rate swap liability		501		501		—		501		—
Acquisition contingent liability		721		721						721
Nonrecurring assets and liabilities:
Goodwill		359,771		359,771		—		—		359,771

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value of the Company’s acquisition contingent liabilities are the discount rate, growth assumptions, and revenue thresholds. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate would have resulted in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the forecasted financial information would have resulted in a higher (lower) fair value measurement. For all significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Level 3 liabilities, a change in one of the inputs would not necessarily result in a directionally similar change in the other based on the current level of billings.

The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of net assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 for which a reconciliation is required:


	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Balance as of Beginning of Period	$	721	$	721
Earn-out Adjustment		279		—
Balance as of End of Period	$	1,000	$	721

10. Stock-Based Compensation

SourceHOV had 24,535 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) outstanding under its 2013 Long Term Incentive Plan (“2013 Plan”) at the closing of the Novitex Business Combination. Simultaneous with the closing, the 2013 Plan, as well as all vested and unvested RSUs under the 2013 Plan, were assumed by Ex-Sigma LLC (“Ex-Sigma”), the sole equityholder of Ex-Sigma 2, an entity formed by the former SourceHOV equity holders. In accordance with GAAP, the Company incurred compensation expenses related to the 9,880 unvested RSUs as of July 12, 2017 on a straight-line basis until fully vested, as the recipients of the RSUs under the 2013 Plan were employees of the Company. All unvested RSUs under the 2013 Plan were vested by April 2019. As of September 30, 2020, there were no outstanding obligations under the 2013 Plan.

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Exela 2018 Stock Incentive Plan

On January 17, 2018, Exela’s 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) became effective. The 2018 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and nonqualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance awards, and other stock-based compensation to eligible participants. The Company is authorized to issue up to 8,323,764 shares of Common Stock under the 2018 Plan.

Restricted Stock Unit Grants

Restricted stock unit awards generally vest ratably over a one to two year period. Restricted stock units are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to vesting and are expensed ratably over the vesting period.

A summary of the status of restricted stock units related to the 2018 Plan as of September 30, 2020 is presented as follows:


				Average
		Weighted		Remaining
	Number	Average Grant		Contractual Life	Aggregate
	of Shares	Date Fair Value		(Years)	Intrinsic Value
Balance as of December 31, 2019	309,305	$	1.99	1.19	$	616
Granted	—		—
Forfeited	—		—
Vested	(190,258)		2.50
Balance as of September 30, 2020	119,047	$	1.70	1.67	$	150

Options

Under the 2018 Plan, stock options are granted at a price per share not less than 100% of the fair market value per share of the underlying stock at the grant date. The vesting period for each option award is established on the grant date, and the options generally expire 10 years from the grant date. Options granted under the 2018 Plan generally require no less than a two or four year ratable vesting period. Stock option activity in the first nine months of 2020 is summarized in the following table:


		Weighted		Weighted		Average Remaining
		Average Grant		Average		Vesting Period	Aggregate
	Outstanding	Date Fair Value		Exercise Price		(Years)	Intrinsic Value (2)
Balance as of December 31, 2019	4,937,700	$	1.97	$	4.14	2.27	$	—
Granted	210,000		0.25
Exercised	—		—
Forfeited	(91,000)		2.69
Expired	—		—
Balance as of September 30, 2020 (1)	5,056,700	$	1.88	$	3.94	1.61	$	—

(1) 1,138,440 of the outstanding options are exercisable as of September 30, 2020.

(2) Exercise prices of all of the outstanding options are higher than the market price of the shares of the Company. Therefore, aggregate intrinsic value is zero.

As of September 30, 2020, there was approximately $3.5 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested awards for the 2018 Plan, which will be recognized over the respective service period. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded within Selling, general, and administrative expenses. The Company incurred total compensation expense of $0.7 million and $2.5 million related to plan awards for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $1.4 million and $6.9 million related to plan awards for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

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11. Stockholders’ Equity

The following description summarizes the material terms and provisions of the securities that the Company has authorized.

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 1,600,000,000 shares of Common Stock. Except as otherwise required by law or as otherwise provided in any certificate of designation for any series of preferred stock or as provided for in the Director Nomination Agreements, the holders of our Common Stock possess all voting power for the election of our board of directors and all other matters requiring stockholder action and will at all times vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of Exela stockholders. Holders of our Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on matters to be voted on by stockholders. Holders of our Common Stock will be entitled to receive such dividends and other distributions, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the board of directors in its discretion out of funds legally available therefor and shall share equally on a per share basis in such dividends and distributions. The holders of the Common Stock have no conversion, preemptive or other subscription rights and there are no sinking fund or redemption provisions applicable to the common stock. In first quarter of 2020, 1,004,183 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were converted into 1,227,714 shares of Common Stock. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were 147,511,430 and 150,851,689 shares outstanding, respectively (the outstanding shares of Common Stock as of December 31, 2019 includes the 4,570,734 shares returned to the Company in the first quarter of 2020 in connection with the Appraisal Action which became treasury stock).

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the board of directors. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,290,050 shares and 4,294,233 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding, respectively. The par value of the Series A Preferred Stock is $0.0001 per share. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock will be convertible at the holder's option, at any time into the number of shares of Common Stock determined as of the date of conversion using a certain conversion formula that takes into account the amount of Liquidation Preference per share as adjusted for accrued but unpaid dividends, as described below. As of September 30, 2020, each outstanding Series A Preferred Stock was convertible into 1.2492 shares of Exela Common Stocks using this conversion formula.

Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive cumulative dividends at a rate per annum of 10% of the dollar amount of per share liquidation preference (plus accumulated but unpaid dividends, the “Liquidation Preference") per share of Series A Preferred Stock, paid or accrued quarterly in arrears. From the issue date through September 30, 2020 the amount of all accrued but unpaid dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock have been added to the Liquidation Preference. The Company shall accrue each dividend payable on the Series A Preferred Stock by adding the amount of all accrued but unpaid dividends on the dividend payment date to the Liquidation Preference, except to the extent the Company elects to make all or any portion of such payment in cash on or prior to the applicable dividend payment date, in which case, the amount of the accrued but unpaid dividends that is added to the Liquidation Preference shall be reduced on a dollar-for-dollar basis by the amount of any such cash payment. The Company is not required to make any payment or allowance for unpaid dividends, whether or not in arrears, on converted shares of Series A Preferred Stock or for dividends on the shares of Common Stock issued upon conversion of such shares. The dividend accumulation for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $1.0 million, as reflected on the Consolidated Statement of Operations, however, as a result of 1,004,183 shares of Series A Preferred Stock being converted into 1,227,714 shares of Common Stock during the first quarter of 2020, accumulated dividend of $2.3 million was reversed, resulting in a net dividend accumulation of $0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The dividend accumulation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $0.9 million and $2.7 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, the total accumulated but unpaid dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock since inception on July 12, 2017 is $9.8 million. The per share average of cumulative preferred dividends for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 is $0.3 and $0.1, respectively. The per share average of cumulative preferred dividends for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 is $0.2.

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Following the third anniversary of the issue date, dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock will be accrued by adding to the Liquidation Preference or paid in cash, or a combination thereof. In addition, holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will participate in any dividend or distribution of cash or other property paid in respect of the Common Stock pro rata with the holders of the Common Stock (other than certain dividends or distributions that trigger an adjustment to the conversion rate, as described in the Certificate of Designations), as if all shares of Series A Preferred Stock had been converted into Common Stock immediately prior to the date on which such holders of the Common Stock became entitled to such dividend or distribution.

Treasury Stock

On November 8, 2017, the Company’s board of directors authorized a share buyback program (the “Share Buyback Program”), pursuant to which the Company was permitted to purchase up to 5,000,000 shares of its Common Stock. The Share Buyback Program has expired. As of September 30, 2020, 2,787,147 shares had been repurchased under the Share Buyback Program and they are held in treasury stock. The Company records treasury stock using the cost method.

During the first quarter of 2020, 4,570,734 shares of Common stock were returned to the Company by Ex-Sigma 2 in connection with the Appraisal Action. These shares are also included in treasury stock.

Warrants

At September 30, 2020, there were a total of 34,986,302 warrants outstanding. As part of its IPO, Quinpario had issued 35,000,000 units including one share of Common Stock and one warrant of which 34,986,302 have been separated from the original unit and 13,698 warrants remain an unseparated part of the originally issued units which are included in the number of shares of common stock outstanding referred to above. The warrants are traded on the OTC bulletin board as of September 30, 2020.

Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one-half of one share of Common Stock at a price of $5.75 per half share ($11.50 per whole share). Warrants may be exercised only for a whole number of shares of Common Stock. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the warrants. Each warrant is currently exercisable and will expire July 12, 2022 (five years after the completion of the Novitex Business Combination), or earlier upon redemption.

The Company may call the warrants for redemption at a price of $0.01 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, if, and only if, the last sales price of the shares of Common Stock equals or exceeds $24.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period (the “30-day trading period”) ending three business days before the Company sends the notice of redemption, and if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the shares of Common Stock underlying such warrants commencing five business days prior to the 30-day trading period and continuing each day thereafter until the date of redemption.

12. Related-Party Transactions

Relationship with HandsOn Global Management

The Company incurred reimbursable travel expenses to HOVS LLC and HandsOn Fund 4 I, LLC (collectively, “HGM”) of less than $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and $0.1 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, and following a distribution of all the shares held by Ex-Sigma 2, HGM beneficially owned approximately 50% of the Company’s common stock, including shares controlled, pursuant to a voting agreement.

Pursuant to a master agreement dated January 1, 2015 between Rule 14, LLC and a subsidiary of the Company, the Company incurs marketing fees to Rule 14, LLC, a portfolio company of HGM. Similarly, the Company is party to ten master agreements with entities affiliated with HGM’s managed funds, each of which were entered into during 2015 and 2016. Each master agreement provides the Company with use of certain technology and includes a reseller arrangement pursuant to which the Company is entitled to sell these services to third parties. Any revenue earned by the

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Company in such third-party sale is shared 75%/25% with each of HGM’s venture affiliates in favor of the Company. The brands Zuma, Athena, Peri, BancMate, Spring, Jet, Teletype, CourtQ and Rewardio are part of the HGM managed funds. The Company has the license to use and resell such brands, as described therein. The Company incurred fees relating to these agreements of $0.5 million and less than $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company incurred fees relating to these agreements of $1.4 million and $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively

Certain operating companies lease their operating facilities from HOV RE, LLC and HOV Services Limited, which are affiliates under common control with HGM. The rental expense for these operating leases was $0.1 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In addition, HOV Services, Ltd. provides the Company data capture and technology services. The expense recognized for these services was approximately $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. These expenses are included in cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company determined it is obligated to reimburse certain reimbursable expenses incurred by Ex-Sigma 2 under the terms of the Consent, Waiver and Amendment dated June 15, 2017, by and among the Company, Quinpario Merger Sub I, Inc., Quinpario Merger Sub II, Inc., SourceHOV, Novitex, Novitex Parent, L.P., Ex Sigma LLC, HOVS LLC and HandsOn Fund 4 I, LLC, amending the Novitex Business Combination agreement (the “Consent, Waiver and Amendment”). The Company recorded related party expenses of less than $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, and $0.2 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for reimbursable legal expenses of Ex-Sigma 2. The Company recorded related party expenses of $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 related to the Company’s obligation to reimburse Ex-Sigma 2 for premium payments on the Margin Loan. The Company recorded related party expenses of $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 for reimbursable expenses related to secondary offerings of shares by Ex-Sigma 2, the proceeds of which were used to repay the Margin Loan. “Margin Loan” means the additional PIPE financing in the form of a $55.8 million loan obtained by Ex-Sigma 2 as borrower (and secured by shares of the Company held by Ex-Sigma 2) that was used by Ex-Sigma 2 to purchase additional common and preferred shares from the Company to help meet the minimum cash requirements needed to close the Novitex Business Combination.

Separately, the Company determined it was obligated to reimburse premium payments of $6.9 million made by Ex-Sigma 2 on the Margin Loan under the terms of the Consent, Waiver and Amendment. Pursuant to a written settlement agreement entered into in June 2020, Ex-Sigma, SourceHOV and the Company agreed that the $5.6 million of payments made during the fourth quarter of 2019 would be accepted to fully discharge the Company’s obligation to reimburse Ex-Sigma 2 for the $6.9 million of premium payments. The Company recorded the difference of $1.3 million between the obligation amount and the settlement amount as an increase to additional paid in capital in the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficit during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Consulting Agreement

The Company receives services from Oakana Holdings, Inc. The Company and Oakana Holdings, Inc. are related through a family relationship between certain shareholders and the president of Oakana Holdings, Inc. The expense recognized for these services was less than $0.1 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.1 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Relationship with Apollo Global Management, LLC

The Company provides services to and receives services from certain Apollo Global Management, Inc. (“Apollo”) affiliated companies. Funds managed by Apollo held the second largest position in our Common Stock following the Novitex Business Combination and had the right to designate two of the Company’s directors pursuant to a director nomination agreement. Apollo has announced that its affiliated funds ceased being shareholders on March 11, 2020. The Company excluded disclosure of transactions related to Apollo after March 31, 2020 as the related party relationship with Apollo ceased during the first quarter of 2020.

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On November 18, 2014, one of the Company's subsidiaries entered into a master services agreement with an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Apollo. Pursuant to this master services agreement, the Company provides printer supplies and maintenance services, including toner maintenance, training, quarterly business review and printer procurement. The Company recognized revenue of $0.1 million and $0.4 million under this agreement for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, in its consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognized revenue of less than $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

On January 18, 2017, one of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into a master purchase and professional services agreement with Caesars Enterprise Services, LLC (‘‘Caesars’’). Caesars is controlled by investment funds affiliated with Apollo. Pursuant to this master purchase and professional services agreement, the Company provides managed print services to Caesars, including general equipment operation, supply management, support services and technical support. The Company recognized revenue of $1.1 million and $3.3 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, in its consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognized revenue of $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

On May 5, 2017, one of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into a master services agreement with ADT LLC. ADT LLC is controlled by investment funds affiliated with Apollo. Pursuant to this master services agreement, the Company provides ADT LLC with mailroom and onsite mail delivery services at an ADT LLC office location and managed print services, including supply management, equipment maintenance and technical support services. The Company recognized revenue of $0.3 million and $0.9 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, from ADT LLC under this master services agreement in its consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognized revenue of $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

On July 20, 2017, one of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into a master services agreement with Diamond Resorts Centralized Services Company. Diamond Resorts Centralized Services Company is controlled by investment funds affiliated with Apollo. Pursuant to this master services agreement, the Company provides commercial print and promotional product procurement services to Diamond Resorts Centralized Services Company, including sourcing, inventory management and fulfillment services. The Company recognized revenue of $1.4 million and $4.0 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and cost of revenue of $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from Diamond Resorts Centralized Services Company under this master services agreement. The Company recognized revenue of $0.9 million and cost of revenue of less than $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

In April 2016, one of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into a master services agreement with Presidio Networked Solutions Group, LLC ("Presidio Group"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Presidio, Inc., a portion of which is owned by affiliates of Apollo. Pursuant to this master services agreement, Presidio Group provides the Company with employees, subcontractors, and/or goods and services. For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019 there were related party expenses of $0.4 million and $0.7 million for this service. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 there were related party expenses of $0.2 million.

In June 2002, one of the Company’s subsidiaries entered into a systems purchase and license agreement with Evertec Group LLC (“Evertec”). Evertec is controlled by investment funds affiliated with Apollo. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company provided system and ongoing maintenance services as detailed in the agreement. In August, 2016, another subsidiary of the Company entered into an equipment maintenance agreement with Evertec. Pursuant to the equipment maintenance agreement, the Company provides preventive and corrective maintenance service to selected equipment listed in the agreement. The Company recognized revenue of less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million under these agreements for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, in its consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognized revenue of less than $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

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Payable and Receivable Balances with Affiliates

Payable and receivable balances with affiliates as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows below.


	September 30,				December 31,
	2020				2019
	Receivable		Payable		Receivable		Payable
HOV Services, Ltd	$	729	$	—	$	601	$	—
Rule 14		—		162		—		250
HGM		57		—		115		—
Apollo affiliated company		—		—		—		202
Oakana		—		—		—		1
Ex-Sigma 2		—		—		—		1,287
	$	786	$	162	$	716	$	1,740

13. Segment and Geographic Area Information

The Company’s operating segments are significant strategic business units that align its products and services with how it manages its business, approaches the markets and interacts with its clients. The Company is organized into three segments: ITPS, HS, and LLPS.

ITPS: The ITPS segment provides a wide range of solutions and services designed to aid businesses in information capture, processing, decisioning and distribution to customers primarily in the financial services, commercial, public sector and legal industries.

HS: The HS segment operates and maintains a consulting and outsourcing business specializing in both the healthcare provider and payer markets.

LLPS: The LLPS segment provides a broad and active array of legal services in connection with class action, bankruptcy labor, claims adjudication and employment and other legal matters.

The chief operating decision maker reviews segment profit to evaluate operating segment performance and determine how to allocate resources to operating segments. “Segment profit” is defined as revenue less cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). The Company does not allocate Selling, general, and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest expense and sundry, net. The Company manages assets on a total company basis, not by operating segment, and therefore asset information and capital expenditures by operating segments are not presented. A reconciliation of segment profit to net loss before income taxes is presented below.


	Three months ended September 30, 2020
	ITPS		HS		LLPS		Total
Revenue	$	234,365	$	54,209	$	16,706	$	305,280
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		183,671		39,444		11,107		234,222
Segment profit		50,694		14,765		5,599		71,058
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)								42,837
Depreciation and amortization								22,095
Related party expense								1,360
Interest expense, net								43,612
Sundry income, net								(434)
Other income, net								(10,414)
Net loss before income taxes							$	(27,998)

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	Three months ended September 30, 2019 (Restated)
	ITPS		HS		LLPS		Total
Revenue	$	292,607	$	62,132	$	18,806	$	373,545
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		241,867		42,717		10,861		295,445
Segment profit		50,740		19,415		7,945		78,100
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)								48,347
Depreciation and amortization								25,079
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets								97,158
Related party expense								1,430
Interest expense, net								40,573
Sundry expense, net								165
Other expense, net								406
Net loss before income taxes							$	(135,058)


		Nine months ended September 30, 2020
	ITPS		HS		LLPS		Total
Revenue	$	761,505	$	167,424	$	49,524	$	978,453
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		614,625		120,522		33,401		768,548
Segment profit		146,880		46,902		16,123		209,905
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)								140,224
Depreciation and amortization								68,127
Related party expense								4,058
Interest expense, net								129,639
Sundry income, net								(251)
Other income, net								(45,655)
Net loss before income taxes							$	(86,237)


		Nine months ended September 30, 2019 (Restated)
	ITPS		HS		LLPS		Total
Revenue	$	927,619	$	186,915	$	54,217	$	1,168,751
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		750,728		126,411		32,738		909,877
Segment profit		176,891		60,504		21,479		258,874
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)								149,186
Depreciation and amortization								76,482
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets								97,158
Related party expense								7,759
Interest expense, net								120,235
Debt modification and extinguishment costs								1,404
Sundry expense, net								1,569
Other expense, net								4,424
Net loss before income taxes							$	(199,343)

14. Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all events that occur after the balance sheet date through the date when these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued to determine if they must be reported. The Management of the Company determined that there were no reportable subsequent event(s) to be disclosed.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Among other things, the condensed consolidated financial statements include more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the financial data than included in the following discussion. Amounts in thousands of United States dollars.

Restatement

As described in additional detail in the Explanatory Note to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (our “Annual Report”), in our Annual Report we restated our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 and our unaudited quarterly results for the first three fiscal quarters in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 and each fiscal quarter in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Previously filed annual reports on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the periods affected by the restatement have not been amended. Accordingly, investors should no longer rely upon the Company’s previously released financial statements for these periods, and, for these periods, investors should rely solely on the financial statements and other financial data for the relevant periods included in the 2019 Form 10-K and subsequent reports. See Note 20, Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data, of the Notes to the consolidated financial statements in the Annual Report for the impact of these adjustments on each of the quarterly periods in fiscal 2018 and for the first three quarters of fiscal 2019.All amounts in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q affected by the restatement adjustments reflect such amounts as restated.

Forward Looking Statements

Certain statements included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this quarterly report are not historical facts but are forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions under The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements generally are accompanied by words such as “may”, “should”, “would”, “plan”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential”, “seem”, “seek”, “continue”, “future”, “will”, “expect”, “outlook” or other similar words, phrases or expressions. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding our industry, future events, estimated or anticipated future results and benefits, future opportunities for Exela, and other statements that are not historical facts. These statements are based on the current expectations of Exela management and are not predictions of actual performance. These statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties regarding Exela’s businesses and actual results may differ materially. The factors that may affect our results include, among others: the impact of political and economic conditions on the demand for our services; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; the impact of a data or security breach; the impact of competition or alternatives to our services on our business pricing and other actions by competitors; our ability to address technological development and change in order to keep pace with our industry and the industries of our customers; the impact of terrorism, natural disasters or similar events on our business; the effect of legislative and regulatory actions in the United States and internationally; the impact of operational failure due to the unavailability or failure of third-party services on which we rely; the effect of intellectual property infringement; and other factors discussed in this quarterly report and our Annual Report under the heading “Risk Factors”, and otherwise identified or discussed in this quarterly report. You should consider these factors carefully in evaluating forward-looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date of this quarterly report. It is impossible for us to predict new events or circumstances that may arise in the future or how they may affect us. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this quarterly report. We are not including the information provided on any websites that may be referenced herein as part of, or incorporating such information by reference into, this quarterly report. In addition, forward-looking statements provide our expectations, plans or forecasts of future events and views as of the date of this quarterly report. We anticipate that subsequent events and developments may cause our assessments to change. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our assessments as of any date subsequent to the date of this quarterly report.

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Overview

Exela Technologies, Inc. (“Exela,” the “Company”, “we” or “us”) is a global business process automation leader leveraging a global footprint and proprietary technology to help turn the complex into the simple through user friendly software platforms and solutions that enable our customers’ digital transformation. We have decades of expertise earned from serving more than 4,000 customers worldwide, including many of the world’s largest enterprises and over 60% of the Fortune® 100, in many mission critical environments across multiple industries, including banking, healthcare, insurance and manufacturing. Our technology-enabled solutions allow global organizations to address critical challenges resulting from the massive amounts of data obtained and created through their daily operations. Our solutions address the life cycle of transaction processing and enterprise information management, from enabling payment gateways and data exchanges across multiple systems, to matching inputs against contracts and handling exceptions, to ultimately depositing payments and distributing communications. Through cloud-enabled platforms, built on a configurable stack of automation modules, and over 21,000 employees operating in 23 countries, Exela rapidly deploys integrated technology and operations as an end-to-end digital journey partner.

We believe our process expertise, information technology capabilities and operational insights enable our customers’ organizations to more efficiently and effectively execute transactions, make decisions, drive revenue and profitability, and communicate critical information to their employees, customers, partners, and vendors. Our solutions are location agnostic, and we believe the combination of our hybrid hosted solutions and global work force in the Americas, EMEA and Asia offers a meaningful differentiation in the industries we serve and services we provide.

History

We are a former blank check company that completed our initial public offering on January 22, 2015. In July 2017, Exela, formerly known as Quinpario Acquisition Corp. 2 (“Quinpario”), completed its acquisition of SourceHOV Holdings, Inc. (“SourceHOV”) and Novitex Holdings, Inc. (“Novitex”) pursuant to the business combination agreement dated February 21, 2017 (“Novitex Business Combination”). In conjunction with the completion of the Novitex Business Combination, Quinpario was renamed Exela Technologies, Inc.

The Novitex Business Combination was accounted for as a reverse merger for which SourceHOV was determined to be the accounting acquirer. Outstanding shares of SourceHOV were converted into our Common Stock, presented as a recapitalization, and the net assets of Quinpario were acquired at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. The acquisition of Novitex was treated as a business combination under ASC 805 and was accounted for using the acquisition method. The strategic combination of SourceHOV and Novitex formed Exela, which is one of the largest global providers of information processing solutions based on revenues.

On April 10, 2018, Exela completed the acquisition of Asterion International Group, a well-established provider of technology driven business process outsourcing, document management and business process automation across Europe. The acquisition was strategic to expanding Exela’s European business.

On November 12, 2019 we announced that our Board of Directors had adopted a debt reduction and liquidity improvement initiative (“Initiative”). This new Initiative is part of the Company’s strategic priority to position the Company for long-term success and increased stockholder value. As part of the Initiative, on January 10, 2020, certain subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $160.0 million accounts receivable securitization facility with a five year term and consummated the sale of SourceHOV Tax, LLC (described below). To fund the debt reduction, the Company is also pursuing the sale of certain non-core assets that are not central to the Company’s long-term strategic vision, and any potential action with respect to these operations would be intended to allow the Company to better focus on its core businesses. The Company has retained financial advisors to assist with the sale of select assets. The Company expects to use the net proceeds from the Initiative for the repayment of debt, with a target reduction of $150.0 to $200.0 million. Exela has set a two-year timetable for completion of the Initiative. There can be no assurance that the Initiative or any particular element of the Initiative will be consummated or will achieve its desired result.

As part of the Initiative, on March 16, 2020, the Company and its indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, Merco Holdings, LLC and SourceHOV Tax, LLC entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement with Gainline

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Source Intermediate Holdings LLC at which time Gainline Source Intermediate Holdings LLC acquired all of the outstanding membership interests of SourceHov Tax for $40.0 million, subject to adjustment as set forth in the purchase agreement.

Our Segments

Our three reportable segments are Information & Transaction Processing Solutions (“ITPS”), Healthcare Solutions (“HS”), and Legal & Loss Prevention Services (“LLPS”). These segments are comprised of significant strategic business units that align our TPS and EIM products and services with how we manage our business, approach our key markets and interact with our customers based on their respective industries.

ITPS: Our largest segment, ITPS, provides a wide range of solutions and services designed to aid businesses in information capture, processing, decisioning and distribution to customers primarily in the financial services, commercial, public sector and legal industries. Our major customers include many leading banks, insurance companies, and utilities, as well as hundreds of federal, state and government entities. Our ITPS offerings enable companies to increase availability of working capital, reduce turnaround times for application processes, increase regulatory compliance and enhance consumer engagement.

HS: HS operates and maintains a consulting and outsourcing business specializing in both the healthcare provider and payer markets. We serve the top healthcare insurance payers and hundreds of healthcare providers.

LLPS: Our LLPS segment provides a broad and active array of support services in connection with class action, bankruptcy labor, claims adjudication and employment and other legal matters. Our customer base consists of corporate counsel, government attorneys, and law firms.

Revenues

ITPS revenues are primarily generated from a transaction-based pricing model for the various types of volumes processed, licensing and maintenance fees for technology sales, and a mix of fixed management fee and transactional revenue for document logistics and location services. HS revenues are primarily generated from a transaction-based pricing model for the various types of volumes processed for healthcare payers and providers. LLPS revenues are primarily based on time and materials pricing as well as through transactional services priced on a per item basis.

People

We draw on the business and technical expertise of our talented and diverse global workforce to provide our customers with high-quality services. Our business leaders bring a strong diversity of experience in our industry and a track record of successful performance and execution.

As of September 30, 2020, we had approximately 21,000 employees globally, with 62% located in Americas and EMEA, and the remainder located primarily in India, the Philippines and China. Costs associated with our employees represent the most significant expense for our business. We incurred personnel costs of $148.7 million and $175.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We incurred personnel costs of $478.9 million and $534.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The majority of our personnel costs are variable and incurred only while we are providing our services.

Key Performance Indicators

We use a variety of operational and financial measures to assess our performance. Among the measures considered by our management are the following:

●

Revenue by segment;

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●

EBITDA; and

●

Adjusted EBITDA

Revenue by segment

We analyze our revenue by comparing actual monthly revenue to internal projections and prior periods across our operating segments in order to assess performance, identify potential areas for improvement, and determine whether our segments are meeting management’s expectations.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

We view EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as important indicators of performance of our consolidated operations. We define EBITDA as net income, plus taxes, interest expense, and depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus optimization and restructuring charges, including severance and retention expenses; transaction and integration costs; other non-cash charges, including non-cash compensation, (gain) or loss from sale or disposal of assets, and impairment charges; and management fees and expenses. See “—Other Financial Information (Non-GAAP Financial Measures)” for more information and a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2019:


	Three Months Ended September 30,
			2019
	2020		(Restated)		Change		% Change
Revenue:
ITPS	$	234,365	$	292,607	$	(58,242)		-19.90%
HS		54,209		62,132		(7,923)		-12.75%
LLPS		16,706		18,806		(2,100)		-11.17%
Total revenue		305,280		373,545		(68,265)		-18.27%
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization):
ITPS		183,671		241,867		(58,196)		-24.06%
HS		39,444		42,717		(3,273)		-7.66%
LLPS		11,107		10,861		246		2.26%
Total cost of revenues		234,222		295,445		(61,223)		-20.72%
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		42,837		48,347		(5,510)		-11.40%
Depreciation and amortization		22,095		25,079		(2,984)		-11.90%
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		97,158		(97,158)		100.00%
Related party expense		1,360		1,430		(70)		-4.90%
Operating income (loss)		4,766		(93,914)		98,680		-105.07%
Interest expense, net		43,612		40,573		3,039		7.49%
Sundry expense (income), net		(434)		165		(599)		-363.03%
Other expense (income), net		(10,414)		406		(10,820)		-2665.02%
Net loss before income taxes		(27,998)		(135,058)		107,060		-79.27%
Income tax benefit (expense)		(320)		3,769		(4,089)		-108.49%
Net loss	$	(28,318)	$	(131,289)	$	102,971		-78.43%

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Revenue

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, our revenue decreased by $68.3 million, or 18.3%, to $305.3 million from $373.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. We experienced revenue declines on all of our segments due to lower transaction volumes as a result of COVID-19. Our ITPS, HS, and LLPS segments constituted 76.8%, 17.7%, and 5.5% of total revenue, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 78.3%, 16.7%, and 5.0%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The revenue changes by reporting segment were as follows:

ITPS— For the three months ended September 30, 2020, revenue attributable to our ITPS segment decreased by $58.2 million, or 19.9% compared to the same period in the prior year. The majority of this revenue decline is attributable to exiting contracts and statements of work in late 2019 from certain customers with revenue that we believe was unpredictable, non-recurring and were not a strategic fit to Company’s long-term success or unlikely to achieve the Company’s long-term target margins (“transition revenue”) in addition to lower transaction volumes as a result of COVID-19.

HS— For the three months ended September 30, 2020, revenue attributable to our HS segment decreased by $7.9 million, or 12.8% compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to impact of COVID-19 on our healthcare customers.

LLPS— For the three months ended September 30, 2020, revenue attributable to our LLPS segment decreased by $2.1 million, or 11.2% compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to a decline in legal claims administration services.

Cost of Revenue

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, our direct costs decreased by $61.2 million, or 20.7%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019. On ITPS and HS segments, the decrease was primarily attributable to the corresponding decline in revenues. Costs on ITPS segment decreased by $58.2 million, or 24.1% and HS segment decreased by $3.3 million, or 7.7%. Costs on LLPS segment increased by $0.2 million, or 2.3%.

Cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was 76.7% compared to the 79.1% for the comparable same period in the prior year, as a percentage of revenues a decrease by 2.4%. The decrease in cost of revenues was primarily due to a decrease in employee-related costs of $32.4 million, lower travel costs of $1.6 million, lower infrastructure and maintenance costs of $5.6 million and other operating costs of $8.4mn. The lower costs were attributable to cost and capacity management as a result of COVID-19 and transition revenue impact during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A expenses decreased $5.5 million, or 11.4%, to $42.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $48.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower professional and legal expenses by $2.3 million, lower travel costs of $1.5 million and lower infrastructure and maintenance costs of $1.0 million.

SG&A expenses increased as a percentage of revenues to 14.0% in 2020 as compared to 12.9% in 2019. The increase, as a percentage of revenues by 1.1%, was primarily due to the decline in revenues brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic and the transition revenue.

Depreciation & Amortization

Total depreciation and amortization expense was $22.1 million and $25.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease in total depreciation and amortization expense by $3.0mn was

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primarily due to a reduction in depreciation expense as a result of the expiration of the lives of assets acquired in prior periods and decrease in intangibles amortization expense due to end of useful lives for certain intangible assets during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Related Party Expenses

Related party expense was $1.4 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Interest Expense

The Company pays interest on its Notes on a semi-annual basis in the first and third quarters of each year. Interest expense was $43.6 million and $40.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in interest costs was partially attributable to the interest on A/R Facility and other interest accruals that was not incurred during the corresponding period in 2019.

Sundry Expense (Income)

The decrease of $0.6 million over the prior year period was primarily attributable to foreign currency transaction gain / losses associated with exchange rate fluctuations.

Other Expense (Income)

Other expense (income), net was $(10.4) million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The change was primarily due to higher other (income) of $9.8 million on the sale of physical records storage and logistics business during the third quarter of 2020. Other income also includes an interest rate swap entered into in 2017. The interest rate swap was not designated as a hedge. As such, changes in the fair value of this derivative instrument are recorded directly in earnings. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, the fair value of the interest swap decreased $1.0 million.

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

We had an income tax expense of $0.3 million and income tax benefit of $3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The change in the income tax expense was primarily attributable to our change in judgment related to the realizability of certain deferred tax assets and changes in permanent tax adjustments. The change in the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020, resulted from permanent tax adjustments and valuation allowances, including valuation allowances against disallowed interest expense deferred tax assets that are not more-likely-than-not to be realized.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2019
	2020		(Restated)		Change		% Change
Revenue:
ITPS	$	761,505	$	927,619	$	(166,114)		-17.91%
HS		167,424		186,915		(19,491)		-10.43%
LLPS		49,524		54,217		(4,693)		-8.66%
Total revenue		978,453		1,168,751		(190,298)		-16.28%
Cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization:
ITPS		614,625		750,728		(136,103)		-18.13%
HS		120,522		126,411		(5,889)		-4.66%
LLPS		33,401		32,738		663		2.03%
Total cost of revenues		768,548		909,877		(141,329)		-15.53%
Selling, general and administrative expenses (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)		140,224		149,186		(8,962)		-6.01%
Depreciation and amortization		68,127		76,482		(8,355)		-10.92%
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		97,158		(97,158)		100.00%
Related party expense		4,058		7,759		(3,701)		-47.70%
Operating income (loss)		(2,504)		(71,711)		69,207		-96.51%
Interest expense, net		129,639		120,235		9,404		7.82%
Debt modification and extinguishment costs		—		1,404		(1,404)		-100.00%
Sundry expense (income), net		(251)		1,569		(1,820)		-116.00%
Other expense (income), net		(45,655)		4,424		(50,079)		-1131.98%
Net loss before income taxes		(86,237)		(199,343)		113,106		-56.74%
Income tax expense		(3,440)		(5,689)		2,249		-39.53%
Net loss	$	(89,677)	$	(205,032)	$	115,355		-56.26%

Revenue

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our revenue decreased by $190.3 million, or 16.3%, to $978.5 million from $1,168.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. We experienced revenue declines on all of our segments due to lower transaction volumes since mid-March as a result of COVID-19. Our ITPS, HS, and LLPS segments constituted 77.8%, 17.1%, and 5.1% of total revenue, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 79.3%, 16.0%, and 4.7%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The revenue changes by reporting segment were as follows:

ITPS— For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, revenue attributable to our ITPS segment decreased by $166.1 million, or 17.9% compared to the same period in the prior year. The majority of this revenue decline is attributable to exiting contracts and statements of work in late 2019 from certain customers with revenue that we believe was unpredictable, non-recurring and were not a strategic fit to Company’s long-term success or unlikely to achieve the Company’s long-term target margins (“transition revenue”) in addition to lower transaction volumes since mid-March as a result of COVID-19.

HS— For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, revenue attributable to our HS segment decreased by $19.5 million, or 10.4% compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to impact of COVID-19 on our healthcare customers.

LLPS— For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, revenue attributable to our LLPS segment decreased by $4.7 million, or 8.7% compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to a decline in legal claims administration services.

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Cost of Revenue

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our direct costs decreased by $141.3 million, or 15.5%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. On our ITPS and HS segments, the decrease was primarily attributable to the corresponding decline in revenues. Costs on ITPS segment decreased by $136.1 million, or 18.1%, and HS segment decreased by $5.9 million, or 4.7%. Costs on LLPS segment increased by $0.7 million, or 2.0%.

The decrease in cost of revenues was primarily due to a decrease in employee-related costs of $71.6 million, lower travel costs of $3.2 million, lower infrastructure and maintenance costs of $13.2 million and other operating costs of $23.4mn. The lower costs were attributable to cost and capacity management as a result of COVID-19 and transition revenue impact during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was 78.5% compared to the 77.9% for the comparable same period in the prior year. The increase in cost of revenues, as a percentage of revenues by 0.7% was primarily due to the impact of costs related to the transition revenue that we expect to see gradually removed to further improve the gross margin profile of the business over the remainder of the year.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

SG&A expenses decreased $9.0 million, or 6.0%, to $140.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $149.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to lower employee related costs by $5.1 million, lower travel costs of $3.1 million, lower infrastructure and maintenance costs of $1.3 million and lower other costs of $5.4mn offset by higher professional fees of $6.0 million.

SG&A expenses increased as a percentage of revenues to 14.3% in 2020 as compared to 12.7% in 2019. The increase, as a percentage of revenues by 1.6%, was primarily due to the decline in revenues brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic and the transition revenue.

Depreciation & Amortization

Total depreciation and amortization expense was $68.1 million and $76.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease in total depreciation and amortization expense by $8.4million was primarily due to a reduction in depreciation expense as a result of the expiration of the lives of assets acquired in prior periods and decrease in intangibles amortization expense due to end of useful lives for certain intangible assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Related Party Expenses

Related party expense was $4.1 million and $7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The lower related party expense in 2020 is attributable to the curtailment in reimbursements made to Ex-Sigma and Ex-Sigma 2. In 2019 the Company paid approximately $4.3 million in respect of legal expenses, premium payments on the Margin Loan and other expenses related to secondary offerings that did not recur in 2020.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $129.6 million and $120.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase in interest costs was partially attributable to the interest on A/R Facility and other interest accruals that was not incurred during the corresponding period in 2019.

Sundry Expense (Income)

The decrease of $1.8 million over the prior year period was primarily attributable to foreign currency transaction gain / losses associated with exchange rate fluctuations.

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Other Expense (Income)

Other expense (income), net was $(45.7) million and $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The change was primarily due to higher other (income) of $35.3 million of gain recognized on the sale of SourceHOV Tax, LLC and $9.8 million on the sale of physical records storage and logistics business. Other income also includes an interest rate swap entered into in 2017. The interest rate swap was not designated as a hedge. As such, changes in the fair value of this derivative instrument are recorded directly in earnings. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the fair value of the interest swap decreased $4.9 million.

Income Tax Expense

We had an income tax expense of $3.4 million and $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The change in the income tax expense was primarily attributable to our change in judgment related to the realizability of certain deferred tax assets. The change in the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, resulted from permanent tax adjustments and valuation allowances, including valuation allowances against disallowed interest expense deferred tax assets that are not more-likely-than-not to be realized.

Other Financial Information (Non-GAAP Financial Measures)

We view EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as important indicators of performance. We define EBITDA as net income, plus taxes, interest expense, and depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA plus optimization and restructuring charges, including severance and retention expenses; transaction and integration costs; other non-cash charges, including non-cash compensation, (gain) or loss from sale or disposal of assets, and impairment charges; and management fees and expenses.

We present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA because we believe they provide useful information regarding the factors and trends affecting our business in addition to measures calculated under GAAP. Additionally, our credit agreement requires us to comply with certain EBITDA related metrics.

Note Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures will provide useful information to investors in assessing our financial performance and results of operations as our board of directors and management use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to assess our financial performance, because it allows them to compare our operating performance on a consistent basis across periods by removing the effects of our capital structure (such as varying levels of interest expense), asset base (such as depreciation and amortization) and items outside the control of our management team. Net loss is the GAAP measure most directly comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. Our non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as alternatives to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Each of these non-GAAP financial measures has important limitations as analytical tools because they exclude some but not all items that affect the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not required to be uniformly applied, are not audited and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Because EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may be defined differently by other companies in our industry, our definitions of these non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, thereby diminishing their utility.

Three Months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the Three Months ended September 30, 2019

The following table presents a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the three months months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. 2019 reconciliation items between EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have been adjusted for comparability purposes in the table below. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2019 remains unchanged.

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	Three Months Ended September 30,
			2019
	2020		(Restated)
Net Loss	$	(28,318)	$	(131,289)
Taxes		320		(3,769)
Interest Expense		43,612		40,573
Depreciation and Amortization		22,095		25,079
EBITDA		37,709		(69,406)
Optimization and restructuring expenses (1)		11,258		16,848
Transaction and integration costs (2)		2,564		1,155
Non-cash equity compensation (3)		698		1,444
Other charges including non-cash (4)		5,729		9,193
Loss/(Gain) on sale of assets (5)		279		(22)
Loss/(Gain) on business disposals (6)		(9,280)		—
Loss/(Gain) on derivative instruments (7)		(947)		580
Contract costs (8)		684		3,594
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		97,158
Adjusted EBITDA	$	48,694	$	60,544

Adjustment represents net salary and benefits associated with positions, current vendor expenses and existing lease contracts that are part of the on-going savings and productivity improvement initiatives in process transformation, customer transformation and post-merger or acquisition integration.

Represents costs incurred related to transactions for completed or contemplated transactions during the period.

Represents the non-cash charges related to restricted stock units and options that vested during the year at Ex-Sigma in the case of the SourceHOV 2013 Long Term Incentive Plan assumed by it in connection with the Novitex Business Combination and the Company under the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan.

Represents fair value adjustments to deferred revenue and deferred rent accounts established as part of purchase accounting and other non-cash charges. Other charges include severance, retention bonus, facility consolidation and other transition costs.

Represents a loss/(gain) recognized on the disposal of property, plant, and equipment and other assets.

Represents a loss/(gain) recognized on the disposal of noncore-business assets.

Represents the impact of changes in the fair value of an interest rate swap entered into during the fourth quarter of 2017.

Represents costs incurred on new projects, contract start-up costs and project ramp costs.

Nine Months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the Nine Months ended September 30, 2019

The following table presents a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to our net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the nine months months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. 2019 reconciliation items between EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have been adjusted for comparability purposes in the table below. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 remains unchanged.

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2019
	2020		(Restated)
Net Loss	$	(89,677)	$	(205,032)
Taxes		3,440		5,689
Interest expense		129,639		120,235
Depreciation and amortization		68,127		76,482
EBITDA		111,529		(2,626)
Optimization and restructuring expenses (1)		36,119		59,217
Transaction and integration costs (2)		11,737		4,193
Non-cash equity compensation (3)		2,480		6,903
Other charges including non-cash (4)		15,464		16,975
Loss/(Gain) on sale of assets (5)		690		404
Loss/(Gain) on business disposals (6)		(44,595)		—
Debt modification and extinguishment costs		—		1,404
Loss/(Gain) on derivative instruments (7)		(507)		4,965
Contract costs (8)		3,295		13,186
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets		—		97,158
Adjusted EBITDA	$	136,212	$	201,779

Represents costs incurred related to transactions for completed or contemplated transactions during the period.

Represents a loss/(gain) recognized on the disposal of property, plant, and equipment and other assets.

Represents a loss/(gain) recognized on the disposal of noncore-business assets.

Represents the impact of changes in the fair value of an interest rate swap entered into during the fourth quarter of 2017.

Represents costs incurred on new projects, contract start-up costs and project ramp costs.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our primary source of liquidity is cash generated from operating activities, supplemented as necessary on a short-term basis by borrowings against our senior secured revolving credit facility and accounts receivable securitization facility. We believe our current level of cash and short-term financing capabilities along with future cash flows from operations are sufficient to meet the needs of the business. Under ASC Subtopic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern (“ASC 205-40”), the Company has the responsibility to evaluate whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. The following conditions raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern: history of net losses, net operating cash outflows, working capital deficits, Appraisal Action liability, and the accumulated deficit. As previously reported, the Company has undertaken plans to improve our available cash balances, liquidity and cash generated from operations, as further outlined below, and the Company believes these plans alleviate the substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern for at least twelve months from the date hereof.

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At September 30, 2020, cash and cash equivalents totaled $43.2 million and we had availability of less than $0.1 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility.

We currently expect to spend approximately $20.0 to $25.0 million on total capital expenditures over the next twelve months. We will continue to evaluate additional capex needs that may arise due to changes in the business model due to COVID-19 and remote working. We believe that our operating cash flow and available borrowings under our credit facility will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months.

On July 13, 2018, Exela successfully repriced the $343.4 million of term loans outstanding under our senior secured credit facilities (the “Repricing Term Loans”). The interest rates applicable to the Repricing Term Loans were 100 basis points lower than the interest rates applicable to the existing senior secured term loans that were incurred on July 12, 2017 pursuant to the Credit Agreement.

On July 13, 2018, the Company borrowed a further $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans under the Credit Agreement. On April 16, 2019, the Company borrowed an additional $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans under the Credit Agreement. The proceeds of these incremental term loans (collectively, the “Incremental Term Loans”) were used to replace the cash spent for acquisitions, pay related fees, expenses and related borrowings and for general corporate purposes.

The Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans bear interest at a rate per annum consisting of, at the Company’s option, either (a) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for Eurodollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a 1.0% floor, or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.5%, (ii) the prime rate and (iii) the one-month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.0%, in each case plus an applicable margin of 6.5% for LIBOR loans and 5.5% for base rate loans. The Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans will mature on July 12, 2023.

The Company is pursuing a debt reduction and liquidity improvement initiative that contemplates the pursuit of the sale of certain non-core businesses that are not central to the Company’s long-term strategic vision. The disposition of those businesses would reduce indebtedness and enhance the Company’s ability to focus on its core businesses. The Company has retained financial advisors to assist with the sale of select assets. As part of the initiative, the Company has taken steps to increase its liquidity and its overall financial flexibility. The Company expects to use the net proceeds from the initiative for the repayment of debt, with a target reduction of $150.0 to $200.0 million. The Company has set a two-year timetable for completion of the initiative. There can be no assurance that the initiative or any particular element of the initiative will be consummated or will achieve its desired result.

On January 10, 2020 certain subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $160.0 million accounts receivable securitization facility with a five year term (the “A/R Facility”). The Company used the proceeds of the initial borrowings to repay outstanding revolving borrowings under the Company’s senior credit facility and to provide additional liquidity and funding for the ongoing business needs of the Company and its subsidiaries.

On March 26, 2020, the Delaware Court of Chancery entered a judgment against one of our subsidiaries in the amount of $57.7 million inclusive of costs and interest arising out of the petition for appraisal pursuant to 8 Del. C. § 262 in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Manichaean Capital, LLC, et al. v. SourceHOV Holdings, Inc., C.A. No. 2017 0673 JRS (pursuant to which former stockholders of SourceHOV sought, among other things, a determination of the fair value of their 10,304 SourceHOV shares at the time of the Novitex Business Combination) (the “Appraisal Action”), which judgment will continue to accrue interest, until paid, at the legal rate, compounded quarterly. On May 7, 2020, SourceHOV filed a motion for new trial in relation to share count. On June 11, 2020 the Court denied SourceHOV’s motion for new trial. SourceHOV appealed the judgment to the Supreme Court of the State of Delaware

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on June 30, 2020. The appeal is pending and at this time, we cannot determine whether the appeal will be successful. At present SourceHOV has not posted a bond to stay the judgment in the Appraisal Action, and to date, the petitioners have not been successful in their attempts to collect on the judgment against SourceHOV. The petitioners have filed additional actions seeking to enforce their award against SourceHOV, including an action alleging unjust enrichment and seeking restitution and to pierce the corporate veil and seek alter ego liability against Exela Technologies, Inc. and over 50 alleged subsidiaries and/or affiliates. If we are forced to pay the judgment, such action could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and/or cause our lenders to take action adverse to us.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, among other things, includes provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carryback periods, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the CARES Act, and at present expects that the refundable payroll tax credits and deferment of employer side social security payments provisions of the CARES Act to materially benefit the Company. The Company will also defer certain payroll, social security and value added taxes in various European jurisdictions, as permitted under the recently enacted COVID-19 relief measures.

On May 18, 2020, the Company amended the Prior Credit Agreement to, among other things, extend the time for delivery of its audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 and its financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Pursuant to the amendment, the Company also amended the Prior Credit Agreement to, among other things: restrict the borrower and its subsidiaries’ ability to designate or invest in unrestricted subsidiaries; incur certain debt; create certain liens; make certain investments; pay certain dividends or other distributions on account of its equity interests; make certain asset sales or other dispositions (or utilize the proceeds of certain asset sales to reinvest in the business); or enter into certain affiliate transactions pursuant to the negative covenants under the Credit Agreement. Further, pursuant to the amendment, the borrower under the Credit Agreement is also required to maintain a minimum Liquidity (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of $35.0 million. On May 21, 2020, the Company also amended the A/R Facility to, among other things, extend the time for delivery of its audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 and its financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Upon delivery of such financial statements, the Company became in compliance with the Credit Agreement, the indenture for its outstanding Notes and the A/R Facility with respect to the financial statement delivery requirements set forth therein.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
			2019
	2020		(Restated)		Change
Cash flows used in operating activities	$	(66,160)	$	(47,357)	$	(18,803)
Cash flows (used in) provided by investing activities		27,745		(20,511)		48,256
Cash flows provided by financing activities		66,905		39,267		27,638
Subtotal		28,490		(28,601)		57,091
Effect of exchange rates on cash		619		(29)		648
Net increase/(decrease) in cash		29,109		(28,630)		57,739

Analysis of Cash Flow Changes between the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019

Operating Activities—The decrease of $18.8 million in cash flows from operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to lower Gross profits in the corresponding period. “Gross profit” is defined as revenue less cost of revenue (exclusive of depreciation and amortization). This decrease in cash flow was significantly offset by higher cash flows from accounts receivables.

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Investing Activities—The increase of $48.3 million in cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to $50.1 million total cash proceeds received from asset sales, lower additions to Property, plant and equipment and development of internal software offset by partial settlement of the liabilities related to the healthcare acquisition announced early in the first quarter of 2019.

Financing Activities—The increase of $27.6 million in cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily due to the A/R Facility executed in January 2020.

Indebtedness

In connection with the Novitex Business Combination, we acquired debt facilities and issued notes totaling $1.4 billion. Proceeds from the indebtedness were used to pay off credit facilities existing immediately before the Novitex Business Combination.

Senior Credit Facilities

On July 12, 2017, the Company entered into a First Lien Credit Agreement with Royal Bank of Canada, Credit Suisse AG, Cayman Islands Branch, Natixis, New York Branch and KKR Corporate Lending LLC (the “Credit Agreement”) providing Exela Intermediate LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Credit Agreement, (i) a $350.0 million senior secured term loan maturing July 12, 2023 with an original issue discount of $7.0 million, and (ii) a $100.0 million senior secured revolving facility maturing July 12, 2022. The Credit Agreement provided for the following interest rates for borrowings under the senior secured term facility and senior secured revolving facility: at the Company’s option, either (1) an adjusted LIBOR, subject to a 1.0% floor in the case of term loans, or (2) a base rate, in each case plus an applicable margin. The initial applicable margin for the senior secured term facility was 7.5% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 6.5% with respect to base rate borrowings. The initial applicable margin for the senior secured revolving facility was 7.0% with respect to LIBOR borrowings and 6.0% with respect to base rate borrowings. The applicable margin for borrowings under the senior secured revolving facility is subject to step-downs based on leverage ratios. The senior secured term loan is subject to amortization payments, commencing on the last day of the first full fiscal quarter of the Company following the closing date, of 0.6% of the aggregate principal amount for each of the first eight payments and 1.3% of the aggregate principal amount for payments thereafter, with any balance due at maturity.

On July 13, 2018, Exela successfully repriced the $343.4 million of term loans outstanding under its senior secured credit facilities (the “Repricing”). The Repricing was accomplished pursuant to a First Amendment to First Lien Credit Agreement (the “First Amendment”), dated as of July 13, 2018, by and among Exela Intermediate Holdings LLC, the Company, each “Subsidiary Loan Party” listed on the signature pages thereto, Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent, and each of the lenders party thereto, whereby the Company borrowed $343.4 million of refinancing term loans (the “Repricing Term Loans”) to refinance the Company’s existing senior secured term loans.

The Repricing Term Loans bear interest at a rate per annum of, at the Company’s option, either (a) a LIBOR rate determined by reference to the costs of funds for Eurodollar deposits for the interest period relevant to such borrowing, adjusted for certain additional costs, subject to a 1.0% floor, or (b) a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (i) the federal funds rate plus 0.5%, (ii) the prime rate and (iii) the one-month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.0%, in each case plus an applicable margin of 6.5% for LIBOR loans and 5.5% for base rate loans. The interest rates applicable to the Repricing Term Loans are 100 basis points lower than the interest rates applicable to the existing senior secured term loans that were incurred on July 12, 2017 pursuant to the Credit Agreement. The Repricing Term Loans will mature on July 12, 2023, the same maturity date as the existing senior secured term loans. As of September 30, 2020, the interest rate applicable for the first lien senior secured term loan was 8.4%.

On July 13, 2018, the Company successfully borrowed an additional $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans (the “2018 Incremental Term Loans”) under the First Amendment to the Credit Agreement. The proceeds of the 2018 Incremental Term Loans were used by the Company for general corporate purposes and to pay fees and expenses in connection with the First Amendment.

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On April 16, 2019, the Company successfully borrowed a further $30.0 million pursuant to incremental term loans (the “2019 Incremental Term Loans”, and, together with the 2018 Incremental Terms Loans, the “Incremental Term Loans”) under the Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement. The proceeds of the 2019 Incremental Term Loans were used to replace cash spent for acquisitions, pay related fees, expenses and related borrowings for general corporate purposes.

The Incremental Term Loans bear interest at a rate per annum that is the same as the Repricing Term Loans. The Incremental Term Loans will mature on July 12, 2023, the same maturity date as the Repricing Term Loans. The Company may voluntarily repay the Repricing Term Loans and the Incremental Term Loans (collectively, the “ Term Loans”) at any time, without prepayment premium or penalty, subject to customary “ breakage” costs with respect to LIBOR rate loans. Other than as described above, the terms, conditions and covenants applicable to the Incremental Term Loans are consistent with the terms, conditions and covenants that were applicable to the Repricing Term Loans under the Credit Agreement.

On May 18, 2020, the Company amended the Credit Agreement to, among other things, extend the time for delivery of its audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 and its financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Pursuant to the amendment, the Company also agreed to amend the Credit Agreement to, among other things: restrict the borrower and its subsidiaries’ ability to designate or invest in unrestricted subsidiaries; incur certain debt; create certain liens; make certain investments; pay certain dividends or other distributions on account of its equity interests; make certain asset sales or other dispositions (or utilize the proceeds of certain asset sales to reinvest in the business); or enter into certain affiliate transactions pursuant to the negative covenants under the Credit Agreement. In addition, pursuant to the amendment, the borrower under the Credit Agreement is required to maintain minimum Liquidity (as defined in the amendment) of $35.0 million.

Letters of Credit

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had outstanding irrevocable letters of credit totaling approximately $19.4 million and $20.6 million, respectively, under the senior secured revolving facility.

Senior Secured Notes

Upon the closing of the Novitex Business Combination on July 12, 2017, the Company issued $1.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of 10.0% First Priority Senior Secured Notes due 2023 (the “Notes”). The Notes are guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Company. The Notes bear interest at a rate of 10.0% per year. The Company pays interest on the Notes on January 15 and July 15 of each year, commencing on January 15, 2018. The Notes are guaranteed by subsidiary guarantors pursuant to a supplemental indenture. The Notes will mature on July 15, 2023.

Accounts Receivables Securitization Facility

On January 10, 2020, certain subsidiaries of the Company entered into a $160.0 million A/R Facility with a five year term. In the A/R Facility, (i) Exela Receivables 1, LLC (the “A/R Borrower”), a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of the Company, entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “A/R Loan Agreement”), dated as of January 10, 2020, with TPG Specialty Lending, Inc., as administrative agent (the “A/R Administrative Agent”), PNC Bank National Association, as LC Bank (the “LC Bank”), the lenders (each, an “A/R Lender” and collectively the “A/R Lenders”) and the Company, as initial servicer, pursuant to which the A/R Lenders will make loans (the “Loan”) to the A/R Borrower to be used to purchase certain receivables and related assets from its sole member, Exela Receivables Holdco, LLC (the “Parent SPE”), a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of the Company, (ii) sixteen other indirect, wholly-owned U.S. subsidiaries of the Company (collectively, the “Originators”) sold or contributed and will sell or contribute to the Parent SPE certain receivables and related assets in consideration for a combination of cash, equity in the Parent SPE and/or letters of credit issued by the LC Bank to the Originators; and (iii) the Parent SPE has sold or contributed and will sell or contribute to the Borrower certain receivables and related assets in consideration for a combination of cash, equity in the A/R Borrower and/or letters of credit issued by the LC Bank to the beneficiaries elected by Parent SPE.

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Potential Future Transactions

We may, from time to time explore and evaluate possible strategic transactions, which may include joint ventures, as well as business combinations or the acquisition or disposition of assets. In order to pursue certain of these opportunities, additional funds will likely be required. Subject to applicable contractual restrictions, to obtain such financing, we may seek to use cash on hand, borrowings under our revolving credit facilities, or we may seek to raise additional debt or equity financing through private placements or through underwritten offerings. There can be no assurance that we will enter into additional strategic transactions or alliances, nor do we know if we will be able to obtain the necessary financing for transactions that require additional funds on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement that we entered into in connection with the closing of the Novitex Business Combination, certain of our stockholders have the right to demand underwritten offerings of our Common Stock. We may from time to time in the future explore, with certain of those stockholders the possibility of an underwritten public offering of our Common Stock held by those stockholders. There can be no assurance as to whether or when an offering may be commenced or completed, or as to the actual size or terms of the offering.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

At September 30, 2020, we had no material off balance sheet arrangements, except letters of credit described above under Liquidity and Capital Resources. As such, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in such financing arrangements.

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The HGM Group and other former SourceHOV equity holders formed Ex-Sigma and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Ex-Sigma 2, to hold the Exela shares to be issued to SourceHOV as merger consideration upon the closing of the Novitex Business Combination and to invest in Exela immediately prior to the closing. Ex-Sigma 2 secured additional PIPE financing in the form of a $55.8 million loan (the “Margin Loan”) that was used to purchase additional common and preferred shares from the Company to help meet the minimum cash requirements needed to close the Novitex Business Combination. As a result of these transactions, the Company issued 84,912,500 shares of Common Stock to Ex-Sigma 2 at the closing, which represented approximately 54.9% ownership in the Company at that time and were pledged as collateral for the Margin Loan.

The Company determined that Ex-Sigma was a variable interest entity and that the Company had a variable interest in Ex-Sigma through an expense reimbursement arrangement related to the Margin Loan and contained in the Consent, Waiver and Amendment. The Consent, Waiver and Amendment provided among other things for the Company to reimburse Ex-Sigma for costs and fees related to the maintenance of the Margin Loan, other than payments of principal, interest and original issue discount.

The Company was not the primary beneficiary because the Company did not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impacted the economic performance of Ex-Sigma. Accordingly, the Company did not consolidate the financial statements of Ex-Sigma and did not have any assets or liabilities related to Ex-Sigma and the Company did not have an investment in Ex-Sigma. The Company reaffirmed its assessment as of September 30, 2020.

Ex-Sigma 2 paid off the balance of the Margin Loan as of December 31, 2019, and as such the maximum exposure to loss as a result of the Company’s involvement with Ex-Sigma is $0. Ex-Sigma 2 distributed the shares held by it during the first quarter of 2020 and is no longer a shareholder of Exela. Ex-Sigma and Ex-Sigma 2 ceased to be variable interest entities upon the distribution that occurred on February 21, 2020.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

At September 30, 2020, we had $1,530.0 million of debt outstanding, with a weighted average interest rate of 9.6%. Interest is calculated under the terms of our credit agreement based on the greatest of certain specified base rates plus an applicable margin that varies based on certain factors. Assuming no change in the amount outstanding, the impact on interest expense of a 1% increase or decrease in the assumed weighted average interest rate would be approximately $15.3 million per year. In order to mitigate interest rate fluctuations with respect to term loan borrowings under the Credit Agreement, in November 2017, we entered into a three year one-month LIBOR interest rate swap contract with a notional amount of $347.8 million, which at the time was the remaining principal balance of the term loan. The swap contract swaps out the floating rate interest risk related to the LIBOR with a fixed interest rate of 1.9275% effective January 12, 2018.

The interest rate swap, which is used to manage our exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks, was not designated as a hedge. As such, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded directly to other expense (income), net. Other expense (income), net includes a loss of $0.2 million and $5.0 million related to changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Foreign Currency Risk

We are exposed to foreign currency risks that arise from normal business operations. These risks include transaction gains and losses associated with intercompany loans with foreign subsidiaries and transactions denominated in currencies other than a location’s functional currency. Contracts are denominated in currencies of major industrial countries.

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Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks primarily from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We do not use derivatives for trading purposes, to generate income or to engage in speculative activity.

Item 4. Internal Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed in our reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required financial disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting that are described in our Annual Report.

Notwithstanding such material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting, our management, including our CEO and CFO, has concluded that our consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of our operations and our cash flows for the periods presented in this Quarterly Report, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Remediation

As previously described in Part II—Item 9A – Controls and Procedures of our Annual Report, we began implementing a remediation plan to address the material weaknesses mentioned above. The weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter-ended September 30, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Appraisal Action

On September 21, 2017, former stockholders of SourceHOV, who owned 10,304 shares of SourceHOV common stock, filed an Appraisal Action. The Appraisal Action arose out of a preliminary transaction in connection with the Novitex Business Combination, and the petitioners sought, among other things, a determination of the fair value

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of their shares at the time of the Novitex Business Combination; an order that SourceHOV pay that value to the petitioners, together with interest at the statutory rate; and an award of costs, attorneys’ fees, and other expenses. During the trial the parties and their experts offered competing valuations of the SourceHOV shares as of the date of the Novitex Business Combination. SourceHOV argued the value was no more than $1,633.85 per share and the petitioners argued the value was at least $5,079.28 per share. On January 30, 2020, the Court issued its post-trial Memorandum Opinion in the Appraisal Action, in which it found that the fair value of SourceHOV as of the date of the Novitex Business Combination was $4,591 per share, and on March 26, 2020, the Court issued its final order awarding the petitioners $57,698,426 inclusive of costs and interest. Per the Court’s opinion, the legal rate of interest, compounded quarterly, accrues on the per share value from the July 2017 closing date of the Novitex Business Combination until the date of payment to petitioners.

On May 7, 2020, SourceHOV filed a motion for new trial in relation to share count. On June 11, 2020 the Court denied SourceHOV’s motion for new trial. SourceHOV appealed the judgment in the Appraisal Action on June 30, 2020. The appeal is pending and at this time, we cannot determine whether the appeal will be successful. The Company is not required to make a payment towards settlement or post a letter of credit to secure the judgment while the Appraisal Action is under appeal. At present, SourceHOV has not posted a bond to stay the judgment in the Appraisal Action, and to date, the petitioners have not been successful in their attempts to collect on the judgment against SourceHOV.

As a result of the Appraisal Action, 4,570,734 shares of our Common Stock issued to Ex-Sigma 2 were returned to the Company during the first quarter of 2020. As of September 30, 2020, the Company accrued a liability of $59.6 million for the Appraisal Action based on management’s best estimate of SourceHOV’s total payment obligation including accrued interest as of such date assuming the appeal is not successful. As a result of the appeal of the Appraisal Action and the status of the ancillary proceedings, the Company believes that this matter may not be fully resolved through the courts within the next four fiscal quarters.

Class Action

On March 23, 2020, the Plaintiff, Bo Shen, filed a putative class action against the Company, Ronald Cogburn, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and James Reynolds, the Company’s former Chief Financial Officer. Plaintiff claims to be a current holder of 4,000 shares of Company stock, purchased on October 4, 2019 at $1.34/share. Plaintiff asserts two claims covering the purported class period of March 16, 2018 to March 16, 2020: (1) a violation of Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act against all defendants; and (2) a violation of Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act against Mr. Cogburn and Mr. Reynolds. The allegations stem from the Company’s press release, dated March 16, 2020 (announcing the postponement of the earnings call and delay in filing of its annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019), and press release and related SEC filings, dated March 17, 2020 (announcing its intent to restate its financial statements for 2017, 2018 and interim periods through September 30, 2019). At this early stage in the litigation, it is not practicable to render an opinion about whether an unfavorable outcome is probable or remote with respect to this matter; however, the Company has moved to dismiss the case and believes it has meritorious defenses and will vigorously assert them.

Derivative Action

On July 8, 2020 Plaintiff, Gregory McKenny filed a shareholder derivative action asserting the following claims against current and former directors and officers of Exela: (1) Violations of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act; (2) Violations of Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act; (3) Violations of Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act; (4) breach of fiduciary duty; (5) unjust enrichment; and (6) waste of corporate assets. The claims stem from

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substantially the same factual allegations set forth in the Shen securities class action lawsuit, described above. At this time, it is not practicable to render an opinion about whether an unfavorable outcome is probable or remote with respect to this matter; however, the Company believes it has meritorious defenses and will vigorously assert them.

Other

We are, from time to time, involved in other legal proceedings, inquiries, claims and disputes, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Although our management cannot predict the outcomes of these matters, our management believes these actions will not have a material, adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors described in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report and as supplemented in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020, which could materially affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. The risks described in these Risk Factors are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

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Item 6.Exhibits. Exhibit No.		Description

31.1		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
31.2		Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
32.1		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer required by 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
32.2		Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer required by 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Section 13 or 15 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the 9^th day of November, 2020.


	EXELA TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

	By:	/s/ Ronald Cogburn
		Ronald Cogburn
		Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)


	By:	/s/ Shrikant Sortur
		Shrikant Sortur
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)