FIRST MERCHANTS CORP - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

FORM 10-Q

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

___________________

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from _______ to _______

FIRST MERCHANTS CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Indiana
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)
001-41342			35-1544218
(Commission File Number)			(IRS Employer Identification No.)

200 East Jackson Street, Muncie, IN 47305-2814

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (765) 747-1500

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year,

if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.125 stated value per share	FRME	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/100th interest in a share of Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A	FRMEP	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every interactive data file required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer

☒

Accelerated Filer

☐

Non-Accelerated Filer

☐

Smaller Reporting Company

☐

Emerging Growth Company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 3, 2022, there were 59,562,630 outstanding common shares of the registrant.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FIRST MERCHANTS CORPORATION


		Page No.
Glossary of Defined Terms		3

Part I. Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements:
	Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets	4
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income	5
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	6
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Stockholders' Equity	7
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows	9
	Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	41
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	59
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	60

Part II. Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	61
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	61
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	61
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	61
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	61
Item 5.	Other Information	61
Item 6.	Exhibits	62

Signatures		63

Table of Contents

GLOSSARY OF DEFINED TERMS

FIRST MERCHANTS CORPORATION




2021 CAA			The 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Act, signed into law on December 27, 2020, which included the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit-Small Businesses, Nonprofits, and Venues Act, amending the CARES Act.
ACL			Allowance for Credit Losses
Ameribor			The American interbank offered rate, a potential replacement for LIBOR, is a benchmark interest rate calculated as a volume-weighted average of the daily transactions in overnight unsecured loans on the American Financial Exchange, LLC, a self-regulated electronic exchange for direct lending by American banks and financial institutions.
ASC			Accounting Standards Codification
ASU			Accounting Standards Update
Bank			First Merchants Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation
CARES Act			Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act
CECL			FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, adopted by the Corporation on January 1, 2021.
CET1			Common Equity Tier 1




Corporation			First Merchants Corporation
COVID or COVID-19			2019 novel coronavirus disease, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020.
ESPP			Employee Stock Purchase Plan
FASB			Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC			Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Reserve			Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
FHLB			Federal Home Loan Bank
FOMC			Federal Open Market Committee, the monetary policymaking body of the Federal Reserve System.
FTE			Fully taxable equivalent
GAAP			U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Hoosier			Hoosier Trust Company, which was acquired by the Bank on April 1, 2021.
IRS			Internal Revenue Service



Level One			Level One Bancorp, Inc., which was acquired by the Corporation on April 1, 2022.
OREO			Other real estate owned
PPP			Paycheck Protection Program, which was established by the CARES Act and implemented by the SBA to provide small business loans.

PCD			Purchased credit deteriorated loans
RSA			Restricted Stock Awards
SBA			Small Business Administration

TEFRA			Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	119,532	$	167,146
Interest-bearing deposits	179,593		474,154
Investment securities available for sale	1,983,972		2,344,551
Investment securities held to maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of $245 and $245 (fair value of $1,867,088 and $2,202,503)	2,310,796		2,179,802
Loans held for sale	25,394		11,187
Loans	11,650,002		9,241,861
Less: Allowance for credit losses - loans	(226,702)		(195,397)
Net loans	11,423,300		9,046,464
Premises and equipment	116,306		105,655
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	38,056		28,736
Interest receivable	71,605		57,187

Goodwill	712,568		545,385
Other intangibles	38,145		25,475
Cash surrender value of life insurance	306,932		291,041
Other real estate owned	6,454		558
Tax asset, deferred and receivable	142,110		35,641
Other assets	244,222		140,167
TOTAL ASSETS	$	17,718,985	$	15,453,149
LIABILITIES
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$	3,356,651	$	2,709,646
Interest-bearing	11,078,174		10,022,931
Total Deposits	14,434,825		12,732,577
Borrowings:
Federal funds purchased	185,000		—
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	194,482		181,577
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	643,769		334,055
Subordinated debentures and other borrowings	151,301		118,618
Total Borrowings	1,174,552		634,250
Interest payable	4,971		2,762
Other liabilities	197,971		170,989
Total Liabilities	15,812,319		13,540,578
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY




Preferred Stock, $1,000 par value, $1,000 liquidation value:
Authorized - 600 cumulative shares
Issued and outstanding - 125 cumulative shares	125		125
Preferred Stock, Series A, no par value, $2,500 liquidation preference:
Authorized - 10,000 non-cumulative perpetual shares
Issued and outstanding - 10,000 non-cumulative perpetual shares	25,000		—
Common Stock, $0.125 stated value:
Authorized - 100,000,000 shares
Issued and outstanding - 59,145,414 and 53,410,411 shares	7,393		6,676
Additional paid-in capital	1,226,695		985,818
Retained earnings	961,542		864,839
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(314,089)		55,113
Total Stockholders' Equity	1,906,666		1,912,571
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	17,718,985	$	15,453,149

See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
INTEREST INCOME
Loans receivable:
Taxable	$	128,504	$	85,319	$	314,366	$	257,426
Tax exempt	6,500		5,591		18,194		16,475
Investment securities:
Taxable	10,055		7,788		28,937		21,923
Tax exempt	17,261		14,464		50,348		39,920

Deposits with financial institutions	704		218		1,544		461
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	314		168		635		434
Total Interest Income	163,338		113,548		414,024		336,639
INTEREST EXPENSE
Deposits	16,644		5,707		29,423		17,730
Federal funds purchased	418		—		494		4
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	372		77		595		239
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	3,493		1,389		6,485		4,283
Subordinated debentures and other borrowings	2,105		1,660		5,780		4,976
Total Interest Expense	23,032		8,833		42,777		27,232
NET INTEREST INCOME	140,306		104,715		371,247		309,407
Provision for credit losses	—		—		16,755		—
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES	140,306		104,715		354,492		309,407
NON-INTEREST INCOME
Service charges on deposit accounts	7,165		6,249		21,274		17,109
Fiduciary and wealth management fees	7,221		7,352		22,187		21,284
Card payment fees	4,776		4,156		15,674		12,682
Net gains and fees on sales of loans	2,543		3,955		7,968		16,266
Derivative hedge fees	700		1,028		3,062		2,288
Other customer fees	501		393		1,573		1,129
Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance	1,376		1,198		3,831		3,592
Gains on life insurance benefits	5,279		1,270		5,828		1,417
Net realized gains on sales of available for sale securities	481		1,756		1,137		5,316
Other income (loss)	(425)		1,144		1,257		2,393
Total Non-Interest Income	29,617		28,501		83,791		83,476
NON-INTEREST EXPENSES
Salaries and employee benefits	56,002		43,314		154,562		124,563
Net occupancy	6,738		5,576		19,573		17,682
Equipment	5,997		4,529		17,797		14,407
Marketing	2,401		1,676		4,551		3,922
Outside data processing fees	6,827		4,794		16,071		13,736
Printing and office supplies	472		265		1,198		861
Intangible asset amortization	2,303		1,463		5,972		4,284
FDIC assessments	2,824		1,552		7,940		4,381
Other real estate owned and foreclosure expenses	328		(91)		626		821
Professional and other outside services	4,461		2,767		17,681		8,286
Other expenses	8,025		5,539		20,045		13,834
Total Non-Interest Expenses	96,378		71,384		266,016		206,777
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX	73,545		61,832		172,267		186,106
Income tax expense	9,793		9,062		20,938		28,308
NET INCOME	63,752		52,770		151,329		157,798
Preferred stock dividends	469		—		938		—
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	63,283	$	52,770	$	150,391	$	157,798
Per Share Data:
Basic Net Income Available to Common Stockholders	$	1.08	$	0.98	$	2.63	$	2.93
Diluted Net Income Available to Common Stockholders	$	1.08	$	0.98	$	2.62	$	2.92
Cash Dividends Paid	$	0.32	$	0.29	$	0.93	$	0.84
Average Diluted Common Shares Outstanding (in thousands)	59,339		53,960		57,468		54,093

See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income	$	63,752	$	52,770	$	151,329	$	157,798
Other comprehensive income/( loss):
Unrealized gains/(losses) on securities available-for-sale:
Unrealized holding gain/(loss) arising during the period	(145,935)		(24,048)		(467,210)		(39,721)
Reclassification adjustment for losses/(gains) included in net income	(481)		(1,756)		(1,137)		(5,316)
Tax effect	30,747		5,419		98,353		9,458
Net of tax	(115,669)		(20,385)		(369,994)		(35,579)

Unrealized gain/(loss) on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized holding gain/(loss) arising during the period	94		(20)		507		22
Reclassification adjustment for losses/(gains) included in net income	78		266		496		779
Tax effect	(36)		(52)		(211)		(169)
Net of tax	136		194		792		632






Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(115,533)		(20,191)		(369,202)		(34,947)
Comprehensive income/(loss)	$	(51,781)	$	32,579	$	(217,873)	$	122,851

See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Cumulative Preferred Stock			Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional				Accumulated Other
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Paid in Capital		Retained Earnings		Comprehensive Loss		Total
Balances, June 30, 2022	125	$	125	10,000	$	25,000	59,059,866	$	7,383	$	1,226,378	$	917,311	$	(198,556)	$	1,977,641


Comprehensive loss:
Net income	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		63,752		—		63,752
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(115,533)		(115,533)
Cash dividends on preferred stock ($46.88 per share)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(469)		—		(469)
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.32 per share)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(19,052)		—		(19,052)



Share-based compensation	—	—		—	—		105,409	13		1,173		—		—		1,186
Stock issued under employee benefit plans	—	—		—	—		6,017	1		202		—		—		203
Stock issued under dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan	—	—		—	—		12,769	2		526		—		—		528

Restricted shares withheld for taxes	—	—		—	—		(38,647)	(6)		(1,584)		—		—		(1,590)
Balances, September 30, 2022	125	$	125	10,000	$	25,000	59,145,414	$	7,393	$	1,226,695	$	961,542	$	(314,089)	$	1,906,666



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Cumulative Preferred Stock			Common Stock		Additional				Accumulated Other
	Shares	Amount			Shares	Amount		Paid in Capital		Retained Earnings		Comprehensive Income		Total
Balances, June 30, 2021	125	$	125		53,972,386	$	6,747	$	1,009,182	$	795,666	$	60,080	$	1,871,800
Comprehensive income::
Net income	—	—			—	—		—		52,770		—		52,770
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—			—	—		—		—		(20,191)		(20,191)

Cash dividends on common stock ($0.29 per share)	—	—			—	—		—		(15,708)		—		(15,708)

Repurchases of common stock	—	—			(529,498)	(66)		(20,741)		—		—		(20,807)

Share-based compensation	—	—			89,600	11		1,206		—		—		1,217
Stock issued under employee benefit plans	—	—			3,892	1		138		—		—		139
Stock issued under dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan	—	—			12,102	1		473		—		—		474

Restricted shares withheld for taxes	—	—			(37,737)	(5)		(1,599)		—		—		(1,604)
Balances, September 30, 2021	125	$	125		53,510,745	$	6,689	$	988,659	$	832,728	$	39,889	$	1,868,090

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY continued

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Cumulative Preferred Stock			Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional				Accumulated Other
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount		Paid in Capital		Retained Earnings		Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
Balances, December 31, 2021	125	$	125	—	$	—	53,410,411	$	6,676	$	985,818	$	864,839	$	55,113	$	1,912,571
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		151,329		—		151,329
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		—		(369,202)		(369,202)
Cash dividends on preferred stock ($93.76 per share)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(938)		—		(938)
Cash dividends on common stock ($0.93 per share)	—	—		—	—		—	—		—		(53,688)		—		(53,688)
Issuance of stock related to acquisition	—	—		10,000	25,000		5,588,962	699		236,690		—		—		262,389


Share-based compensation	—	—		—	—		112,443	14		3,416		—		—		3,430
Stock issued under employee benefit plans	—	—		—	—		15,072	2		518		—		—		520
Stock issued under dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan	—	—		—	—		37,693	5		1,531		—		—		1,536
Stock options exercised	—	—		—	—		20,095	3		333		—		—		336
Restricted shares withheld for taxes	—	—		—	—		(39,262)	(6)		(1,611)		—		—		(1,617)
Balances, September 30, 2022	125	$	125	10,000	$	25,000	59,145,414	$	7,393	$	1,226,695	$	961,542	$	(314,089)	$	1,906,666



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Cumulative Preferred Stock			Common Stock		Additional				Accumulated Other
	Shares	Amount			Shares	Amount		Paid in Capital		Retained Earnings		Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total
Balances, December 31, 2020	125	$	125		53,922,359	$	6,740	$	1,005,366	$	788,578	$	74,836	$	1,875,645
Cumulative effect of ASC 326 adoption	—	—			—	—		—		(68,040)		—		(68,040)
Balances, January 1, 2021	125	$	125		53,922,359	$	6,740	$	1,005,366	$	720,538	$	74,836	1,807,605
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net income	—	—			—	—		—		157,798		—		157,798
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—			—	—		—		—		(34,947)		(34,947)

Cash dividends on common stock ($0.84 per share)	—	—			—	—		—		(45,608)		—		(45,608)

Repurchase of common stock	—	—			(529,498)	(66)		(20,741)		—		—		(20,807)

Share-based compensation	—	—			94,260	12		3,603		—		—		3,615
Stock issued under employee benefit plans	—	—			12,006	2		443		—		—		445
Stock issued under dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan	—	—			32,322	4		1,401		—		—		1,405
Stock options exercised	—	—			17,300	2		196		—		—		198
Restricted shares withheld for taxes	—	—			(38,004)	(5)		(1,609)		—		—		(1,614)
Balances, September 30, 2021	125	$	125		53,510,745	$	6,689	$	988,659	$	832,728	$	39,889	$	1,868,090

See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021
Cash Flow From Operating Activities:
Net income	$	151,329	$	157,798
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	16,755		—
Depreciation and amortization	8,802		8,087
Change in deferred taxes	2,676		(703)
Share-based compensation	3,430		3,615

Loans originated for sale	(178,972)		(410,858)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale	176,567		422,555
Gains on sales of loans held for sale	(3,851)		(13,721)


Gains on sales of securities available for sale	(1,137)		(5,316)

Increase in cash surrender of life insurance	(3,831)		(3,592)
Gains on life insurance benefits	(5,828)		(1,417)
Change in interest receivable	(7,230)		869
Change in interest payable	1,144		449
Other adjustments	(15,170)		3,761
Net cash provided by operating activities	144,684		161,527
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Net change in interest-bearing deposits	294,561		22,858
Purchases of:
Securities available for sale	(450,168)		(807,833)
Securities held to maturity	(288,094)		(1,017,274)
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale	524,688		157,776
Proceeds from maturities of:
Securities available for sale	181,997		216,135
Securities held to maturity	127,582		170,937
Change in Federal Home Loan Bank stock	2,368		—

Net change in loans	(803,746)		126,523
Net cash and cash equivalents received (paid) in acquisition	137,780		(2,933)

Proceeds from the sale of other real estate owned	495		678
Proceeds from life insurance benefits	23,911		5,929
Proceeds from mortgage portfolio loan sale	—		76,067
Other adjustments	(9,003)		(8,121)
Net cash used in investing activities	(257,629)		(1,059,258)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Net change in :
Demand and savings deposits	(29,993)		1,136,017
Certificates of deposit and other time deposits	(198,549)		(148,938)
Borrowings	913,330		45,482
Repayment of borrowings	(567,223)		(94,098)
Cash dividends on preferred stock	(938)		—
Cash dividends on common stock	(53,688)		(45,608)

Stock issued under employee benefit plans	520		445
Stock issued under dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plans	1,536		1,405
Stock options exercised	336		198


Repurchase of common stock	—		(20,807)
Net cash provided by financing activities	65,331		874,096
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents	(47,614)		(23,635)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, January 1	167,146		192,896
Cash and Cash Equivalents, September 30	$	119,532	$	169,261
Additional cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	40,568	$	26,783
Income tax paid	12,102		23,396
Loans transferred to other real estate owned	6,418		292
Fixed assets transferred to other real estate owned	1,398		6,282
Non-cash investing activities using trade date accounting	41,106		67,811

ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	9,081		2,591

In conjunction with the acquisitions, liabilities were assumed as follows:
Fair value of assets acquired	$	2,510,576	$	4,041
Cash paid in acquisition	(79,324)		(3,225)
Less: Common stock issued	237,389		—
Less: Preferred stock issued	25,000		—
Liabilities assumed	$	2,168,863	$	816

See NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1

GENERAL

Financial Statement Preparation

The Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet of the Corporation as of December 31, 2021, has been derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet of the Corporation as of that date. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the Corporation’s annual financial statements, prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, have been condensed or omitted. These consolidated condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year. Reclassifications have been made to prior financial statements to conform to the current financial statement presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net income. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses and fair value of financial instruments.

Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed by the Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries for interim financial reporting are consistent with the accounting policies followed for annual financial reporting. All adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature and are in the opinion of management necessary for a fair statement of the results for the periods reported, have been included in the accompanying Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

The Corporation did not adopt any new accounting pronouncements during the first nine months of 2022. The Corporation continually monitors potential accounting pronouncements and the following pronouncements have been deemed to have the most applicability to the Corporation's financial statements:

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

FASB Accounting Standards Updates - No. 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting

Summary - The FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04 to provide temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. LIBOR and other interbank offered rates are widely used benchmarks or reference rates in the United States and globally. Trillions of dollars in loans, derivatives, and other financial contracts reference LIBOR, the benchmark interest rate banks use to make short-term loans to each other. With global capital markets expected to move away from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates and move toward rates that are more observable or transaction based and less susceptible to manipulation, the FASB launched a broad project in late 2018 to address potential accounting challenges expected to arise from the transition. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The ASU is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period.

Entities may apply this ASU as of the beginning of an interim period that includes the March 12, 2020 issuance date of the ASU, through December 31, 2022. The Corporation expects to adopt the practical expedients included in the ASU prior to December 31, 2022. The Corporation is implementing a transition plan to identify and modify its loans and other financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR. The Corporation is assessing ASU 2020-04 and its impact on the Corporation's transition away from LIBOR for its loans and other financial instruments.

FASB Accounting Standards Updates - No. 2021-01 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope

Summary - The FASB has published ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform. ASU 2021-01 clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. The ASU also amends the expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition.

An entity may elect to apply the amendments in this Update on a full retrospective basis as of any date from the beginning of an interim period that includes or is subsequent to March 12, 2020, or on a prospective basis to new modifications from any date within an interim period that includes or is subsequent to the date of the issuance of a final Update, up to the date that financial statements are available to be issued.

If an entity elects to apply any of the amendments in this Update for an eligible hedging relationship, any adjustments as a result of those elections must be reflected as of the date the entity applies the election.

The amendments in this Update do not apply to contract modifications made after December 31, 2022, new hedging relationships entered into after December 31, 2022, and existing hedging relationships evaluated for effectiveness in periods after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that apply certain optional expedients in which the accounting effects are recorded through the end of the hedging relationship (including periods after December 31, 2022). The Corporation expects to adopt the practical expedients included in the ASU prior to December 31, 2022. The Corporation is assessing ASU 2021-01 and its impact on the Corporation's transition away from LIBOR for its loans and other financial instruments.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

FASB Accounting Standards Updates - No. 2021-08 - Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers

Summary - The FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, that addresses diversity in practice related to the accounting for revenue contracts with customers acquired in a business combination.

Under current GAAP, an acquirer generally recognizes assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, including contract assets and contract liabilities arising from revenue contracts with customers and other similar contracts that are accounted for in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, at fair value on the acquisition date.

The FASB indicates that some stakeholders indicated that it is unclear how an acquirer should evaluate whether to recognize a contract liability from a revenue contract with a customer acquired in a business combination after Topic 606 is adopted. Furthermore, it was identified that under current practice, the timing of payment (payment terms) of a revenue contract may subsequently affect the post-acquisition revenue recognized by the acquirer. To address this, the ASU requires entities to apply Topic 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in a business combination. Finally, the amendments in the ASU improve comparability after the business combination by providing consistent recognition and measurement guidance for revenue contracts with customers acquired in a business combination and revenue contracts with customers not acquired in a business combination.

For public business entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2023, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this Update should be applied prospectively to business combinations occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. An entity that early adopts in an interim period should apply the amendments (1) retrospectively to all business combinations for which the acquisition date occurs on or after the beginning of the fiscal year that includes the interim period or early application, and (2) prospectively to all business combinations that occur on or after the date of initial application. The Corporation is reviewing the terms of this guidance, but adoption of the standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Corporation's financial statements or disclosures.

FASB Accounting Standards Updates - Accounting Standards Update No. 2022-02 - Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures

Summary - The FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings ("TDRs") and Vintage Disclosures, which is intended to improve the usefulness of information provided to investors about certain loan refinancings, restructurings, and writeoffs.

The amendments in the new ASU eliminate the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors that have adopted CECL while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The amendments also require that a public business entity disclose current-period gross writeoffs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases.

Since the Corporation adopted CECL on January 1, 2021, the amendments in ASU 2022-02 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Corporation is assessing ASU 2022-02 and its impact on the Corporation's disclosures. The Corporation expects to adopt this ASU in the first quarter of 2023.

NOTE 2

ACQUISITIONS

Level One Bancorp, Inc.

On April 1, 2022, the Corporation acquired 100 percent of Level One Bancorp, Inc. ("Level One"). Level One, a Michigan corporation, merged with and into the Corporation (the "Merger"), whereupon the separate corporate existence of Level One ceased and the Corporation survived. Immediately following the Merger, Level One's wholly owned subsidiary, Level One Bank, merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank as the surviving bank.

Level One was headquartered in Farmington Hills, Michigan and had 17 banking centers serving the Michigan market. Pursuant to the merger agreement, each common shareholder of Level One received, for each outstanding share of Level One common stock, (a) a 0.7167 share (the "Exchange Ratio") of the Corporation's common stock, in a tax-free exchange, and (b) a cash payment of $10.17. Fractional shares of the Corporation's common stock were not issued in respect of fractional interests arising from the Exchange Ratio but were paid in cash pursuant to the merger agreement. The Corporation issued 5.6 million shares of the Corporation's common stock and paid $79.3 million in cash, in exchange for all outstanding shares of Level One common stock.

Additionally, each outstanding share of 7.5 percent non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series B, of Level One was exchanged for one share of a newly created 7.5 percent non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series A, of First Merchants with a liquidation preference of $2,500 per share. As a result, the Corporation issued 10,000 shares of Series A preferred stock at the acquisition date. Likewise, each outstanding Level One depositary share representing a 1/100th interest in a share of the Level One preferred stock was converted into a depositary share of the Corporation representing a 1/100th interest in a share of its newly issued preferred stock (Nasdaq: FRMEP).

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

The Corporation engaged in this transaction with the expectation that it would be accretive to income and add to the existing market area in Michigan that has a demographic profile consistent with many of the current Midwest markets served by the Bank. Goodwill resulted from this transaction due to the expected synergies and economies of scale.

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to net tangible and intangible assets based on their current estimated fair values on the date of the acquisition. Based on preliminary valuations of the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which are based on assumptions that are subject to change based on the timing of the transaction, the purchase price for the Level One acquisition is detailed in the following table. If, prior to the end of the one-year measurement period for finalizing the purchase price allocation, information becomes available about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date, which would indicate adjustments are required to the purchase price allocation, such adjustments will be included in the purchase price allocation retrospectively.


	Fair Value
Cash and due from banks	$	217,104

Investment securities	370,658
Loans held for sale	7,951
Loans	1,626,857
Allowance for credit losses - loans	(16,599)
Premises and equipment	11,848
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	11,688
Interest receivable	7,188
Cash surrender value of life insurance	30,143
Tax asset, deferred and receivable	16,223
Other assets	41,690
Deposits	(1,930,790)
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	(1,521)
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	(160,043)
Subordinated debentures	(32,631)
Interest payable	(1,065)
Other liabilities	(42,813)
Net tangible assets acquired	155,888
Other intangibles	18,642
Goodwill	167,183
Purchase price	$	341,713

The Corporation performed an evaluation of the loan portfolio in which there were loans that, at acquisition, had more than an insignificant amount of credit quality deterioration and were classified as purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD"). Details of the PCD loans are included in NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

Of the total purchase price, $18.6 million has been allocated to other intangible assets. Approximately $17.2 million was allocated to a core deposit intangible, which will be amortized over its estimated life of 10 years. Approximately $1.4 million was allocated to a non-compete intangible, which will be amortized over its estimated life of 2 years. The remaining purchase price has been allocated to goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

Hoosier Trust Company

On April 1, 2021, the Bank acquired 100 percent of Hoosier Trust Company ("Hoosier") through a merger of Hoosier with and into the Bank. The consideration paid to shareholders of Hoosier at closing was $3,225,000 in cash. Prior to the acquisition, Hoosier was an Indiana corporate trust company, headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, with approximately $290 million in assets under management. Hoosier’s sole office is now being operated by the Bank as a limited service trust office.

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to net tangible and intangible assets based on their current estimated fair value on the date of the acquisition. Based on the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which are based on assumptions that are subject to change based on the timing of the transaction, the purchase price for the Hoosier acquisition is detailed in the following table.


	Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	292
Other assets	35
Other liabilities	(816)
Net tangible assets acquired	(489)
Customer relationship intangible	2,247
Goodwill	1,467
Purchase price	$	3,225

Pro Forma Financial Information

The results of operations of Level One have been included in the Corporation's consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. The following schedule includes pro forma results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the annual period ended December 31, 2021 as if the Level One acquisition occurred as of the beginning of the periods presented. Pro forma financial information of the Hoosier acquisition is not included in the table below as it is deemed immaterial.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Total revenue (net interest income plus other income)	$	169,923	$	476,074
Net income	$	63,752	$	148,280
Net income available to common stockholders	$	63,283	$	146,873
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	1.08	$	2.49
Diluted	$	1.08	$	2.48


	2021
Total revenue (net interest income plus other income)	$	621,946
Net income	$	237,031
Net income available to common stockholders	$	235,156
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	3.96
Diluted	$	3.95

The pro forma information includes adjustments for interest income on loans and investment securities, interest expense on deposits and borrowings, premises expense for the banking centers acquired and amortization of intangibles arising from the transaction and the related income tax effects. The pro forma information for the three months ended September 30, 2022 includes operating revenue of $18.3 million from Level One, and $2.6 million, net of tax, of acquisition-related expenses.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the pro forma includes operating revenue of $38.7 million from Level One since the date of acquisition. Additionally, $12.2 million, net of tax, of acquisition-related expenses were included in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 proforma information.

The pro forma information for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes operating results from Level One as if the acquisition occurred at the beginning of the year. The pro forma information is presented for information purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that actually would have been achieved had the acquisition been consummated as of that time, nor is it intended to be a projection of future results.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3

INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The following table summarizes the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and approximate fair value of investment securities available for sale as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Available for sale at September 30, 2022
U.S. Treasury	$	2,107	$	—	$	40	$	2,067
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities	121,907		—		16,141		105,766
State and municipal	1,611,859		93		266,996		1,344,956
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	627,583		1		108,795		518,789
Corporate obligations	13,036		—		642		12,394

Total available for sale	$	2,376,492	$	94	$	392,614	$	1,983,972


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Available for sale at December 31, 2021
U.S. Treasury	$	1,000	$	—	$	1	$	999
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities	96,244		437		1,545		95,136
State and municipal	1,495,696		81,734		898		1,576,532
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	671,684		7,109		11,188		667,605
Corporate obligations	4,031		256		8		4,279

Total available for sale	$	2,268,655	$	89,536	$	13,640	$	2,344,551

The following table summarizes the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, approximate fair value and allowance for credit losses on investment securities held to maturity as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.


	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Held to maturity at September 30, 2022
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities	$	399,089	$	—	$	399,089	$	—	$	66,514	$	332,575
State and municipal	1,114,312		245		1,114,067		113		256,834		857,591
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	796,140		—		796,140		—		120,709		675,431
Foreign investment	1,500		—		1,500		—		9		1,491
Total held to maturity	$	2,311,041	$	245	$	2,310,796	$	113	$	444,066	$	1,867,088


	Amortized Cost		Allowance for Credit Losses		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Held to maturity at December 31, 2021
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities	$	371,457	$	—	$	371,457	$	226	$	7,268	$	364,415
State and municipal	1,057,301		245		1,057,056		29,593		2,170		1,084,724
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	749,789		—		749,789		7,957		5,881		751,865
Foreign investment	1,500		—		1,500		—		1		1,499
Total held to maturity	$	2,180,047	$	245	$	2,179,802	$	37,776	$	15,320	$	2,202,503

Accrued interest on investment securities available for sale and held to maturity at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 of $27.5 million and $26.8 million, respectively, are included in the Interest Receivable line on the Corporation's Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. The total amount of accrued interest is excluded from the amortized cost of available for sale and held to maturity securities presented above.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

In determining the allowance for credit losses on investment securities available for sale that are in an unrealized loss position, the Corporation first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through the income statement. For investment securities available for sale that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Corporation evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, the Corporation considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses that have not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. Adjustments to the allowance are reported in the income statement as a component of the provision for credit loss. The Corporation has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on investment securities available for sale from the estimate of credit losses. Investment securities available for sale are charged off against the allowance or, in the absence of any allowance, written down through the income statement when deemed uncollectible or when either of the aforementioned criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. The Corporation did not record an allowance for credit losses on its investment securities available for sale as the unrealized losses were attributable to changes in interest rates, not credit quality.

The allowance for credit losses on investment securities held to maturity is a contra asset-valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of investment securities held to maturity to present the net amount expected to be collected. Investment securities held to maturity are charged off against the allowance when deemed uncollectible. Adjustments to the allowance are reported in the income statement as a component of the provision for credit loss. The Corporation measures expected credit losses on investment securities held to maturity on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics, and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Corporation has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on investment securities held to maturity from the estimate of credit losses. With regard to U.S. Government-sponsored agency and mortgage-backed securities, all these securities are issued by a U.S. government-sponsored entity and have an implicit or explicit government guarantee; therefore, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities. With regard to securities issued by states and municipalities and other investment securities held to maturity, management considers (1) issuer bond ratings, (2) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (3) the financial condition of the issuer, and (4) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. Historical loss rates associated with securities having similar grades as those in the Corporation's portfolio have been insignificant. Furthermore, as of September 30, 2022, there were no past due principal and interest payments associated with these securities. At CECL adoption, an allowance for credit losses of $245,000 was recorded on the state and municipal securities classified as held to maturity based on applying the long-term historical credit loss rate, as published by Moody’s, for similarly rated securities. The balance of the allowance for credit losses remained unchanged at $245,000 as of September 30, 2022.

On a quarterly basis, the Corporation monitors the credit quality of investment securities held to maturity through the use of credit ratings. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of investment securities held to maturity at September 30, 2022, aggregated by credit quality indicator.


	Held to Maturity
	State and municipal		Other		Total
Credit Rating:
Aaa	$	101,372	$	70,582	$	171,954
Aa1	162,890		—		162,890
Aa2	185,511		—		185,511
Aa3	135,285		—		135,285
A1	131,413		—		131,413
A2	10,167		—		10,167
A3	10,115		—		10,115

Non-rated	377,559		1,126,147		1,503,706
Total	$	1,114,312	$	1,196,729	$	2,311,041

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

The following tables summarize, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, investment securities available for sale in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position.


	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Investment securities available for sale at September 30, 2022
U.S. Treasury	$	2,067	$	40	$	—	$	—	$	2,067	$	40
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities	67,039		7,453		38,727		8,688		105,766		16,141
State and municipal	1,229,682		234,780		90,765		32,216		1,320,447		266,996
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	206,559		23,141		312,109		85,654		518,668		108,795
Corporate obligations	12,363		642		—		—		12,363		642
Total investment securities available for sale	$	1,517,710	$	266,056	$	441,601	$	126,558	$	1,959,311	$	392,614


	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Investment securities available for sale at December 31, 2021
U.S. Treasury	$	999	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	999	$	1
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities	68,524		1,545		—		—		68,524		1,545
State and municipal	138,187		894		505		4		138,692		898
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	427,687		10,791		8,324		397		436,011		11,188
Corporate obligations	992		8		—		—		992		8
Total investment securities available for sale	$	636,389	$	13,239	$	8,829	$	401	$	645,218	$	13,640

The following table summarizes investment securities available for sale in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by security type and the number of securities in the portfolio for the periods indicated.


	Gross Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities
Investment securities available for sale at September 30, 2022
U.S. Treasury	$	40	4
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities	16,141		17
State and municipal	266,996		1074
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	108,795		176
Corporate obligations	642		10
Total investment securities available for sale	$	392,614	1,281


	Gross Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities
Investment securities available for sale at December 31, 2021
U.S. Treasury	$	1	1
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities	1,545		8
State and municipal	898		103
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	11,188		48
Corporate obligations	8		1
Total investment securities available for sale	$	13,640	161

The unrealized losses in the Corporation’s investment portfolio were the result of changes in interest rates and not credit quality. As a result, the Corporation expects to recover the amortized cost basis over the term of the securities. The Corporation does not intend to sell the investments and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be maturity.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

Certain investment securities available for sale are reported in the financial statements at an amount less than their historical cost as indicated in the table below.


	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
Investments available for sale reported at less than historical cost:
Historical cost	$	2,351,925		$	658,858
Fair value	1,959,311			645,218
Gross unrealized losses	$	392,614		$	13,640
Percent of the Corporation's investments available for sale	98.8		%	27.5		%

In determining the fair value of the investment securities portfolio, the Corporation utilizes a third party for portfolio accounting services, including market value input, for those securities classified as Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The Corporation has obtained an understanding of what inputs are being used by the vendor in pricing the portfolio and how the vendor classified these securities based upon these inputs. From these discussions, the Corporation’s management is comfortable that the classifications are proper. The Corporation has gained trust in the data for two reasons: (a) independent spot testing of the data is conducted by the Corporation through obtaining market quotes from various brokers on a periodic basis; and (b) actual gains or loss resulting from the sale of certain securities has proven the data to be accurate over time. Fair value of securities classified as Level 3 in the valuation hierarchy was determined using a discounted cash flow model that incorporated market estimates of interest rates and volatility in markets that have not been active.

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities available for sale and held to maturity at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity are shown separately.


	Available for Sale				Held to Maturity
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Maturity Distribution at September 30, 2022
Due in one year or less	$	4,646	$	4,617	$	6,428	$	6,439
Due after one through five years	14,329		13,776		71,303		67,777
Due after five through ten years	176,931		161,885		156,564		139,284
Due after ten years	1,553,003		1,284,905		1,280,606		978,157
	1,748,909		1,465,183		1,514,901		1,191,657
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	627,583		518,789		796,140		675,431

Total investment securities	$	2,376,492	$	1,983,972	$	2,311,041	$	1,867,088


	Available for Sale				Held to Maturity
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Maturity Distribution at December 31, 2021
Due in one year or less	$	6,954	$	6,965	$	6,971	$	6,995
Due after one through five years	5,097		5,309		30,272		31,946
Due after five through ten years	120,460		126,816		177,203		180,129
Due after ten years	1,464,460		1,537,856		1,215,812		1,231,568
	1,596,971		1,676,946		1,430,258		1,450,638
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	671,684		667,605		749,789		751,865

Total investment securities	$	2,268,655	$	2,344,551	$	2,180,047	$	2,202,503

Securities with a carrying value of approximately $965.8 million and $873.2 million were pledged at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, to secure certain deposits and securities sold under repurchase agreements, and for other purposes as permitted or required by law.

The book value of securities sold under agreements to repurchase amounted to $231.8 million at September 30, 2022 and $175.1 million at

December 31, 2021.

Gross gains and losses on the sales and redemptions of investment securities available for sale for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are shown below.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Sales and redemptions of investment securities available for sale:
Gross gains	$	495	$	1,915	$	1,176	$	5,814
Gross losses	14		159		39		498

Net gains on sales and redemptions of investment securities available for sale	$	481	$	1,756	$	1,137	$	5,316

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

NOTE 4

LOANS AND ALLOWANCE

Loan Portfolio and Credit Quality

The Corporation's primary lending focus is small business and middle market commercial, commercial real estate, public finance and residential real estate, which results in portfolio diversification. The following tables show the composition of the loan portfolio and credit quality characteristics by collateral classification, excluding loans held for sale. Loans held for sale at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, were $25.4 million and $11.2 million, respectively.

The following table illustrates the composition of the Corporation’s loan portfolio by loan class for the periods indicated:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021

Commercial and industrial loans	$	3,330,529	$	2,714,565
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers	221,954		246,442
Real estate loans:
Construction	828,923		523,066
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied	2,299,272		2,135,459
Commercial real estate, owner occupied	1,268,567		986,720
Residential	1,990,668		1,159,127
Home equity	621,619		523,754
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	173,225		146,092
Public finance and other commercial loans	915,245		806,636
Loans	$	11,650,002	$	9,241,861

The Level One acquisition added $1.6 billion in loans at acquisition, which included $43.5 million of Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans. Additional details of the Level One acquisition are included in NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements. As of September 30, 2022, the Corporation had $11.2 million of PPP loans compared to the December 31, 2021 balance of $106.6 million. Additional details of the PPP are included in The CARES Act and the Paycheck Protection Program sections of the "COVID-19 UPDATE AND RELATED LEGISLATIVE ACTION" in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this Form 10-Q.

Credit Quality

As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Corporation's loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to: (i) the level of criticized commercial loans, (ii) net charge-offs, (iii) non-performing loans, (iv) covenant failures and (v) the general national and local economic conditions.

The Corporation utilizes a risk grading of pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss to assess the overall credit quality of large commercial loans. All large commercial credit grades are reviewed at a minimum of once a year for pass grade loans. Loans with grades below pass are reviewed more frequently depending on the grade. A description of the general characteristics of these grades is as follows:

•Pass - Loans that are considered to be of acceptable credit quality.

•Special Mention - Loans which possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness, which deserves close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Corporation's credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Corporation to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

•Substandard - A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

•Doubtful - Loans that have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard. However, based on currently existing facts, conditions and values, these weaknesses make full collection of principal highly questionable and improbable.

•Loss – Loans that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuing to carry them as an asset is not warranted. Loans will be classified as Loss when it is neither practical or desirable to defer writing off or reserving all or a portion of a basically worthless asset, even though partial recovery may be possible at some time in the future.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

The following tables summarize the risk grading of the Corporation’s loan portfolio by loan class and by year of origination for the years indicated. Consumer loans are not risk graded. For the purposes of this disclosure, the consumer loans are classified in the following manner: loans that are less than 30 days past due are Pass, loans 30-89 days past due are Special Mention and loans greater than 89 days past due are Substandard. The entire balance of a loan is considered delinquent if the minimum payment contractually required to be made is not received by the specified due date. Commercial and industrial loan balances as of September 30, 2022 include PPP loans with an origination year of 2021 and 2020 of $11.1 million and $156,000, respectively. Commercial and industrial loan balances as of December 31, 2021 include PPP loans with an origination year of 2021 and 2020 of $100.3 million and $6.3 million, respectively.


	September 30, 2022
	Term Loans (amortized cost basis by origination year)												Revolving loans amortized		Revolving loans converted
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		cost basis		to term		Total
Commercial and industrial loans
Pass	$	878,457	$	614,161	$	186,559	$	125,026	$	66,915	$	47,867	$	1,230,085	$	5,314	$	3,154,384
Special Mention	1,521		15,221		11,756		5,954		1,329		2,527		26,744		155		65,207
Substandard	10,491		28,753		6,232		10,870		4,446		1,602		47,844		69		110,307
Doubtful	—		202		—		—		370		—		59		—		631

Total Commercial and industrial loans	890,469		658,337		204,547		141,850		73,060		51,996		1,304,732		5,538		3,330,529
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers
Pass	34,381		39,191		37,456		17,772		4,587		32,159		54,567		—		220,113
Special Mention	286		—		107		—		201		362		—		—		956
Substandard	183		—		496		—		179		27		—		—		885


Total Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers	34,850		39,191		38,059		17,772		4,967		32,548		54,567		—		221,954
Real estate loans:
Construction
Pass	294,576		298,393		174,152		20,314		878		4,146		18,111		—		810,570
Special Mention	10,278		5,596		—		—		—		—		—		—		15,874
Substandard	14		—		2,446		—		—		19		—		—		2,479


Total Construction	304,868		303,989		176,598		20,314		878		4,165		18,111		—		828,923
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Pass	377,307		604,997		597,682		164,320		124,987		212,121		18,382		8,088		2,107,884
Special Mention	42,890		4,567		54,691		18,904		11,577		17,152		10		—		149,791
Substandard	16,289		10,617		8,340		—		4,146		2,205		—		—		41,597


Total Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied	436,486		620,181		660,713		183,224		140,710		231,478		18,392		8,088		2,299,272
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
Pass	211,858		327,263		356,155		125,517		68,189		100,242		36,897		—		1,226,121
Special Mention	2,301		9,957		1,261		3,418		1,339		3,883		1,322		—		23,481
Substandard	3,001		1,246		3,018		1,627		3,270		6,791		—		—		18,953
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		12		—		—		12

Total Commercial real estate, owner occupied	217,160		338,466		360,434		130,562		72,798		110,928		38,219		—		1,268,567
Residential
Pass	617,087		497,367		415,995		112,715		80,783		240,572		5,735		128		1,970,382
Special Mention	3,333		2,946		828		1,128		137		3,283		—		55		11,710
Substandard	736		1,641		2,157		1,018		1,609		1,260		155		—		8,576


Total Residential	621,156		501,954		418,980		114,861		82,529		245,115		5,890		183		1,990,668
Home equity
Pass	28,015		77,360		15,547		1,596		1,479		3,958		485,056		259		613,270
Special Mention	326		—		—		46		39		13		3,032		—		3,456
Substandard	—		355		2,851		—		65		63		1,559		—		4,893


Total Home Equity	28,341		77,715		18,398		1,642		1,583		4,034		489,647		259		621,619
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures
Pass	52,915		48,873		15,018		6,596		6,723		4,542		37,346		—		172,013
Special Mention	66		92		165		33		107		21		726		—		1,210
Substandard	—		2		—		—		—		—		—		—		2


Total Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	52,981		48,967		15,183		6,629		6,830		4,563		38,072		—		173,225
Public finance and other commercial loans
Pass	148,323		216,312		174,680		98,777		37,687		206,902		32,564		—		915,245




Total Public finance and other commercial loans	148,323		216,312		174,680		98,777		37,687		206,902		32,564		—		915,245
Loans	$	2,734,634	$	2,805,112	$	2,067,592	$	715,631	$	421,042	$	891,729	$	2,000,194	$	14,068	$	11,650,002

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


	December 31, 2021
	Term Loans (amortized cost basis by origination year)												Revolving loans amortized		Revolving loans converted
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		cost basis		to term		Total
Commercial and industrial loans
Pass	$	1,019,757	$	362,372	$	144,520	$	65,165	$	21,575	$	30,420	$	990,335	$	—	$	2,634,144
Special Mention	10,559		11,088		190		730		1,930		1,825		15,026		—		41,348
Substandard	2,811		2,127		7,432		2,932		431		747		22,593		—		39,073


Total Commercial and industrial loans	1,033,127		375,587		152,142		68,827		23,936		32,992		1,027,954		—		2,714,565
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers
Pass	50,251		45,164		22,195		7,689		6,153		36,074		74,871		—		242,397
Special Mention	—		1,543		—		—		—		252		264		—		2,059
Substandard	524		506		108		371		—		27		450		—		1,986


Total Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers	50,775		47,213		22,303		8,060		6,153		36,353		75,585		—		246,442
Real estate loans:
Construction
Pass	215,167		200,169		63,589		979		1,762		2,453		17,201		—		501,320
Special Mention	20,737		270		—		—		—		46		—		—		21,053
Substandard	—		693		—		—		—		—		—		—		693


Total Construction	235,904		201,132		63,589		979		1,762		2,499		17,201		—		523,066
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied
Pass	589,296		688,406		227,332		111,971		103,400		126,837		26,779		—		1,874,021
Special Mention	68,279		149,480		—		—		—		1,723		—		—		219,482
Substandard	19,314		14,912		178		1,118		6,156		278		—		—		41,956


Total Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied	676,889		852,798		227,510		113,089		109,556		128,838		26,779		—		2,135,459
Commercial real estate, owner occupied
Pass	299,186		392,383		92,338		43,252		46,044		48,571		33,998		—		955,772
Special Mention	5,665		5,953		738		1,532		902		1,301		149		—		16,240
Substandard	7,025		5,763		—		53		113		1,754		—		—		14,708


Total Commercial real estate, owner occupied	311,876		404,099		93,076		44,837		47,059		51,626		34,147		—		986,720
Residential
Pass	349,726		353,691		103,028		69,745		55,240		210,669		2,955		73		1,145,127
Special Mention	1,034		1,394		1,456		306		172		2,106		—		—		6,468
Substandard	1,004		1,575		335		1,248		108		3,257		—		5		7,532


Total Residential	351,764		356,660		104,819		71,299		55,520		216,032		2,955		78		1,159,127
Home equity
Pass	63,845		17,556		1,977		2,127		1,250		3,432		427,437		194		517,818
Special Mention	—		85		48		—		—		24		3,451		—		3,608
Substandard	520		—		—		8		91		70		1,639		—		2,328


Total Home Equity	64,365		17,641		2,025		2,135		1,341		3,526		432,527		194		523,754
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures
Pass	67,749		23,452		11,893		11,197		2,008		4,928		24,406		—		145,633
Special Mention	79		85		50		33		20		58		134		—		459



Total Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	67,828		23,537		11,943		11,230		2,028		4,986		24,540		—		146,092
Public finance and other commercial loans
Pass	231,319		178,316		100,679		39,098		105,964		128,942		22,318		—		806,636




Total Public finance and other commercial loans	231,319		178,316		100,679		39,098		105,964		128,942		22,318		—		806,636
Loans	$	3,023,847	$	2,456,983	$	778,086	$	359,554	$	353,319	$	605,794	$	1,664,006	$	272	$	9,241,861

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

Total past due loans equaled $37.9 million as of September 30, 2022 representing a $3.2 million increase from $34.7 million at December 31, 2021. Residential and home equity loan delinquencies increased by $5.6 million and $2.8 million, respectively, during the period, offset by $5.6 million of decreasing non-owner occupied commercial real estate delinquencies. The tables below show a past due aging of the Corporation’s loan portfolio, by loan class, for the periods indicated:


	September 30, 2022
	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total		Loans > 90 Days or More Past Due And Accruing
Commercial and industrial loans	$	3,324,800	$	3,554	$	652	$	1,523	$	3,330,529	$	141
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers	221,577		320		—		57		221,954		—
Real estate loans:
Construction	828,353		—		—		570		828,923		570
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied	2,294,231		—		152		4,889		2,299,272		—
Commercial real estate, owner occupied	1,267,888		337		—		342		1,268,567		—
Residential	1,974,219		4,386		6,938		5,125		1,990,668		—
Home equity	613,749		2,689		766		4,415		621,619		53
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	172,012		415		796		2		173,225		—

Public finance and other commercial loans	915,245		—		—		—		915,245		—
Loans	$	11,612,074	$	11,701	$	9,304	$	16,923	$	11,650,002	$	764


	December 31, 2021
	Current		30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total		Loans > 90 Days or More Past Due And Accruing
Commercial and industrial loans	$	2,708,539	$	2,602	$	2,437	$	987	$	2,714,565	$	675
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers	246,380		36		—		26		246,442		—
Real estate loans:
Construction	522,349		717		—		—		523,066		—
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied	2,124,853		3,327		—		7,279		2,135,459		—
Commercial real estate, owner occupied	985,785		643		—		292		986,720		—
Residential	1,148,294		3,979		4,255		2,599		1,159,127		—
Home equity	518,643		3,327		281		1,503		523,754		288
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	145,634		375		83		—		146,092		—

Public finance and other commercial loans	806,636		—		—		—		806,636		—
Loans	$	9,207,113	$	15,006	$	7,056	$	12,686	$	9,241,861	$	963

Loans are reclassified to a non-accruing status when, in management’s judgment, the collateral value and financial condition of the borrower do not justify accruing interest. At the time the accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed against earnings. Interest income accrued in prior years, if any, is charged to the allowance for credit losses. Payments subsequently received on non-accrual loans are applied to principal. A loan is returned to accrual status when principal and interest are no longer past due and collectability is probable, typically after a minimum of six consecutive months of performance. The following table summarizes the Corporation’s non-accrual loans by loan class for the periods indicated:


	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Non-Accrual Loans		Non-Accrual Loans with no Allowance for Credit Losses		Non-Accrual Loans		Non-Accrual Loans with no Allowance for Credit Losses
Commercial and industrial loans	$	2,945	$	1,354	$	7,598	$	263
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers	57		—		631		524
Real estate loans:
Construction	—		—		685		—
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied	20,189		288		23,029		6,133
Commercial real estate, owner occupied	4,997		3,471		411		—
Residential	10,703		722		9,153		2,160
Home equity	4,607		—		1,552		—
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	10		—		3		—

Loans	$	43,508	$	5,835	$	43,062	$	9,080

There was no interest income recognized on non-accrual loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 or 2021.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

Determining fair value for collateral dependent loans requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor, which includes selling costs if applicable, to the value. The fair value of real estate is generally based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The appraisers typically determine the value of the real estate by utilizing an income or market valuation approach. If an appraisal is not available, the fair value may be determined by using a cash flow analysis. Fair value on other collateral such as business assets is typically ascertained by assessing, either singularly or some combination of, asset appraisals, accounts receivable aging reports, inventory listings and or customer financial statements. Both appraised values and values based on borrower’s financial information are discounted as considered appropriate based on age and quality of the information and current market conditions.

The tables below present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by loan class and their respective collateral type, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses. The increase in collateral dependent loans of $46.2 million, mostly due to the commercial and industrial loan class, is primarily related to loans from the acquisition of Level One.


	September 30, 2022
	Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Other		Total		Allowance on Collateral Dependent Loans
Commercial and industrial loans	$	—	$	—	$	43,740	$	43,740	$	13,040

Real estate loans:
Construction	—		2,447		—		$	2,447	1
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied	27,705		—		—		$	27,705	2,705
Commercial real estate, owner occupied	8,911		—		—		$	8,911	916
Residential	—		2,521		—		$	2,521	262
Home equity	—		374		—		$	374	—


Loans	$	36,616	$	5,342	$	43,740	$	85,698	$	16,924


	December 31, 2021
	Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Other		Total		Allowance on Collateral Dependent Loans
Commercial and industrial loans	$	—	$	—	$	8,075	$	8,075	$	2,672
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers	524		—		251		775		—
Real estate loans:
Construction	—		685		—		685		82
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied	23,652		—		—		23,652		5,510
Commercial real estate, owner occupied	1,044		—		—		1,044		—
Residential	—		4,906		—		4,906		305
Home equity	—		394		—		394		64


Loans	$	25,220	$	5,985	$	8,326	$	39,531	$	8,633

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

In certain loan restructuring situations, the Corporation may grant a concession to a debtor experiencing financial difficulty, resulting in a troubled debt restructuring. A concession is deemed to be granted when, as a result of the restructuring, the Corporation does not expect to collect all original amounts due, including interest accrued at the original contract rate. If the payment of principal at original maturity is primarily dependent on the value of collateral, the current value of the collateral is considered in determining whether the principal will be repaid.

The following tables summarize troubled debt restructures in the Corporation's loan portfolio that occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. There were no troubled debt restructures that occurred in the three months ended September 30, 2022.


			Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Pre- Modification Recorded Balance		Term Modification		Rate Modification		Post - Modification Recorded Balance		Number of Loans


Real estate loans:
Construction	$	16	$	—	$	16	$	16	1
Commercial real estate, non owner occupied	12,922		12,976		—		12,976		1



Total	$	12,938	$	12,976	$	16	$	12,992	2



			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Pre- Modification Recorded Balance			Rate Modification		Post - Modification Recorded Balance		Number of Loans

Real estate loans:



Residential	$	53		$	56	$	56	1


Total	$	53		$	56	$	56	1




			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Pre- Modification Recorded Balance		Term Modification		Rate Modification		Combination		Post - Modification Recorded Balance		Number of Loans
Commercial and industrial loans	$	348	$	348	$	—	$	—	$	348	2

Real estate loans:
Construction	16		—		16		—		16		1
Commercial real estate, non owner occupied	12,922		12,976		—		—		12,976		1
Commercial real estate, owner occupied	21		—		—		21		21		1
Residential	691		449		126		118		693		9


Total	$	13,998	$	13,773	$	142	$	139	$	14,054	14

Loans secured by residential real estate made up 100 percent of the post-modification balances of the troubled debt restructured loans that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Loans secured by commercial real estate, non owner occupied made up 99.9 percent and 92.3 percent, respectively, of the post-modification balances that occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

The following tables summarize troubled debt restructures that occurred during the twelve month ended September 30, 2021, that subsequently defaulted during the period indicated and remained in default at period end. For purposes of this schedule, a loan is considered in default if it is 30-days or more past due. There were no loans that subsequently defaulted during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Number of Loans	Recorded Balance		Number of Loans	Recorded Balance
Commercial and industrial loans	2	$	160	2	$	160
Real estate loans:

Residential	5	599		5	599


Total	7	$	759	7	$	759

Commercial troubled debt restructured loans risk graded special mention, substandard, doubtful and loss are individually evaluated for apparent loss and may result in a specific reserve allocation in the allowance for credit losses. Commercial troubled debt restructures that are not individually evaluated for a specific reserve are included in the calculation of allowance for credit losses through the loan segment loss analysis.

For all consumer loan modifications, an evaluation to identify if a troubled debt restructure has occurred is performed prior to making the modification. Any subsequent deterioration is addressed through the charge-off process or through a specific reserve allocation included in the allowance for credit losses. Consumer troubled debt restructures that are not individually evaluated for a specific reserve are included in the calculation of the allowance for credit losses through the loan segment loss analysis. Consumer loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $2.0 million and $3.9 million at September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans

The Corporation acquired Level One on April 1, 2022 and performed an evaluation of the loan portfolio in which there were loans that, at acquisition, had more than an insignificant amount of credit quality deterioration. The carrying amount of those loans is shown in the table below:


	Level One
Purchase price of loans at acquisition	$	41,347
CECL Day 1 PCD ACL	16,599

Par value of acquired loans at acquisition	$	57,946

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans ("ACL - Loans") is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans to present the net amount expected to be collected on loans over the contractual term. The ACL - Loans is adjusted by the provision for credit losses, which is reported in earnings, and reduced by charge offs for loans, net of recoveries. Provision for credit losses on loans reflects the totality of actions taken on all loans for a particular period including any necessary increases or decreases in the allowance related to changes in credit loss expectations associated with specific loans or pools of loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when the uncollectibility of the loan is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off.

The allowance represents the Corporation’s best estimate of current expected credit losses on loans using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The current expected credit loss ("CECL") calculation is performed and evaluated quarterly and losses are estimated over the expected life of the loan. The level of the allowance for credit losses is believed to be adequate to absorb all expected future losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the measurement date.

In calculating the allowance for credit losses, the loan portfolio was pooled into ten loan segments with similar risk characteristics. Common characteristics include the type or purpose of the loan, underlying collateral and historical/expected credit loss patterns. In developing the loan segments, the Corporation analyzed the degree of correlation in how loans within each portfolio respond when subjected to varying economic conditions and scenarios as well as other portfolio stress factors.

The expected credit losses are measured over the life of each loan segment utilizing the Probability of Default / Loss Given Default methodology combined with economic forecast models to estimate the current expected credit loss inherent in the loan portfolio. This approach is also leveraged to estimate the expected credit losses associated with unfunded loan commitments incorporating expected utilization rates.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

The Corporation sub-segmented certain commercial portfolios by risk level and certain consumer portfolios by delinquency status where appropriate. The Corporation utilized a four-quarter reasonable and supportable economic forecast period followed by a six-quarter, straight-line reversion period to the historical macroeconomic mean for the remaining life of the loans. Econometric modeling was performed using historical default rates and a selection of economic forecast scenarios published by Moody’s to develop a range of estimated credit losses for which to determine the best credit loss estimate within. Macroeconomic factors utilized in the modeling process include the national unemployment rate, BBB US corporate index, CRE price index and the home price index.

The Corporation qualitatively adjusts model results for risk factors that are not inherently considered in the quantitative modeling process, but are nonetheless relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within the loan portfolio. These adjustments may increase or decrease the estimate of expected credit losses based upon the assessed level of risk for each qualitative factor. The various risks that may be considered in making qualitative adjustments include, among other things, the impact of (i) changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, (ii) changes in the existence, growth and effect of any concentrations in credit, (iii) changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and practices for collections, write-offs, and recoveries, (iv) changes in the quality of the credit review function, (v) changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff, and (vi) other environmental factors of a borrower such as regulatory, legal and technological considerations, as well as competition.

In some cases, management may determine that an individual loan exhibits unique risk characteristics which differentiate the loan from other loans within the loan segments. In such cases, the loans are evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and excluded from the collective evaluation. Specific reserve allocations of the allowance for credit losses are determined by analyzing the borrower’s ability to repay amounts owed, collateral deficiencies, the relative risk grade of the loan and economic conditions affecting the borrower’s industry, among other things. A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when, based upon management's assessment, the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In such cases, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date, adjusted for estimated selling costs if satisfaction of the loan depends on the sale of the collateral. The fair value of collateral supporting collateral dependent loans is evaluated on a quarterly basis.

No allowance for credit losses has been recognized for PPP loans as such loans are fully guaranteed by the Small Business Administration ("SBA").

The risk characteristics of the Corporation’s portfolio segments are as follows:

Commercial

Commercial lending is primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the tangible assets being financed such as equipment or real estate or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee. Other loans may be unsecured, secured but under-collateralized or otherwise made on the basis of the enterprise value of an organization. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers.

Commercial real estate

Commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. The Corporation monitors commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria, as well as the levels of owner-occupied versus non-owner occupied loans.

Construction

Construction loans are underwritten utilizing a combination of tools and techniques including feasibility and market studies, independent appraisals and appraisal reviews, absorption and interest rate sensitivity analysis as well as the financial analysis of the developer and all guarantors. Construction loans are monitored by either in house or third party inspectors limiting advances to a percentage of costs or stabilized project value. These loans frequently involve the disbursement of significant funds with the repayment dependent upon the successful completion and, where necessary, the future stabilization of the project. The predominant inherent risk of this portfolio is associated with the borrower's ability to successfully complete a project on time, within budget and stabilize the projected as originally projected.

Consumer and Residential

With respect to residential loans that are secured by 1-4 family residences, which are typically owner occupied, the Corporation generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Home equity loans are secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences, and consumer loans are secured by consumer assets such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer loans, such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit, are unsecured. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers and can also be impacted by changes in property values. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

The allowance for credit losses increased $427,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2022. The allowance for credit losses increased $31.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to $16.6 million of allowance for credit losses on PCD loans acquired in the Level One acquisition established through accounting adjustments on the acquisition date. In addition, a provision of $14.0 million was recorded to establish an allowance for credit losses on non-PCD loans acquired in the Level One acquisition. The allowance also includes net recoveries of $427,000 and $751,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The following tables summarize changes in the allowance for credit losses by loan segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Construction		Consumer & Residential		Total
Allowance for credit losses
Balances, June 30, 2022	$	94,228	$	55,328	$	27,401	$	49,318	$	226,275



Provision for credit losses	10,142		(7,054)		186		(3,274)		—


Recoveries on loans	81		188		824		222		1,315
Loans charged off	(306)		(1)		—		(581)		(888)
Balances, September 30, 2022	$	104,145	$	48,461	$	28,411	$	45,685	$	226,702


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Construction		Consumer & Residential		Total
Allowance for credit losses
Balances, December 31, 2021	$	69,935	$	60,665	$	20,206	$	44,591	$	195,397



Provision for credit losses	18,518		(21,697)		5,862		(2,683)		—
CECL Day 1 non-PCD provision for credit losses	2,957		5,539		871		4,588		13,955
CECL Day 1 PCD ACL	12,970		2,981		648		—		16,599
Recoveries on loans	789		1,096		824		827		3,536
Loans charged off	(1,024)		(123)		—		(1,638)		(2,785)
Balances, September 30, 2022	$	104,145	$	48,461	$	28,411	$	45,685	$	226,702


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Construction		Consumer & Residential		Total
Allowance for credit losses




Balances, June 30, 2021	$	63,681	$	72,701	$	17,077	$	46,316	$	199,775
Provision for credit losses	3,496		(3,850)		567		(213)		—

Recoveries on loans	204		370		—		261		835
Loans charged off	(137)		(115)		(4)		(382)		(638)
Balances, September 30, 2021	$	67,244	$	69,106	$	17,640	$	45,982	$	199,972


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Construction		Consumer		Residential		Consumer & Residential		Total
Allowance for credit losses
Balances, December 31, 2020	$	47,115	$	51,070	$	—	$	9,648	$	22,815	$	—	$	130,648
Credit risk reclassifications	—		(10,284)		10,284		(9,648)		(22,815)		32,463		—
Balances, December 31, 2020 after reclassifications	47,115		40,786		10,284		—		—		32,463		130,648
Impact of adopting ASC 326	20,024		34,925		8,805		—		—		10,301		74,055
Balances, January 1, 2021 Post-ASC 326 adoption	67,139		75,711		19,089		—		—		42,764		204,703
Provision for credit losses	666		(2,709)		(1,444)		—		—		3,487		—

Recoveries on loans	544		567		1		—		—		829		1,941
Loans charged off	(1,105)		(4,463)		(6)		—		—		(1,098)		(6,672)
Balances, September 30, 2021	$	67,244	$	69,106	$	17,640	$	—	$	—	$	45,982	$	199,972

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements, Commitments And Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Corporation has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments which include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit are usually the result of lines of credit granted to existing borrowers under agreements that the total outstanding indebtedness will not exceed a specific amount during the term of the indebtedness. Typical borrowers are commercial customers that use lines of credit to supplement their treasury management functions, and thus their total outstanding indebtedness may fluctuate during any time period based on the seasonality of their business and the resultant timing for their cash flows. Other typical lines of credit are related to home equity loans granted to customers. Commitments to extend credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses that may require a fee.

Standby letters of credit are generally issued on behalf of an applicant (the Corporation’s customer) to a specifically named beneficiary and are the result of a particular business arrangement that exists between the applicant and the beneficiary. Standby letters of credit have fixed expiration dates and are usually for terms of two years or less unless terminated beforehand due to criteria specified in the standby letter of credit. The standby letter of credit would permit the beneficiary to obtain payment from the Corporation under certain prescribed circumstances. Subsequently, the Corporation would seek reimbursement from the applicant pursuant to the terms of the standby letter of credit.

The Corporation typically follows the same credit policies and underwriting practices when making these commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Each customer’s creditworthiness is typically evaluated on a case-by-case basis, and the amount of collateral obtained, if any, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include cash, real estate, marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, equipment and personal property.

The contractual amounts of these commitments are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements and only amounts drawn upon would be reflected in the future. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the contractual amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. However, should the commitments be drawn upon and should the Corporation’s customers default on their resulting obligation to the Corporation, the maximum exposure to credit loss, without consideration of collateral, is represented by the contractual amount of those commitments.

Financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk were as follows:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Amounts of commitments:
Loan commitments to extend credit	$	4,764,847	$	3,917,215
Standby letters of credit	$	43,239	$	34,613

The adoption of the CECL methodology for measuring credit losses on January 1, 2021 resulted in an accrual for off-balance sheet commitments at adoption of $20.5 million. The Level One acquisition added $2.8 million of provision for credit loss associated with off-balance sheet commitments, resulting in a total allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet commitments of $23.3 million. This reserve level is deemed appropriate by the Corporation and is reported in Other Liabilities as of September 30, 2022 in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet commitments:


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Balances, June 30, 2022	$	20,500

CECL Day 1 unfunded commitments provision for credit losses	2,800
Balances, September 30, 2022	$	23,300

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

NOTE 5

GOODWILL

Goodwill is recorded on the acquisition date of an entity. The Corporation has one year after the acquisition date, the measurement period, to record subsequent adjustments to goodwill for provisional amounts recorded at the acquisition date. The Level One acquisition on April 1, 2022 resulted in $167.2 million of goodwill. In addition, the Hoosier acquisition on April, 1, 2021 resulted in $1.5 million of goodwill. Details regarding the Level One and Hoosier acquisitions are discussed in NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.


	2022
Balance, January 1	$	545,385
Goodwill acquired	167,183


Balance, September 30	$	712,568


	2021
Balance, January 1	$	543,918
Goodwill acquired	1,467


Balance, December 31	$	545,385

NOTE 6

OTHER INTANGIBLES

Core deposit intangibles and other intangibles are recorded on the acquisition date of an entity. The Corporation has one year after the acquisition date, the measurement period, to record subsequent adjustments to these intangibles for provisional amounts recorded at the acquisition date. The Level One acquisition on April 1, 2022 resulted in a core deposit intangible of $17.2 million and other intangibles, consisting of non-compete intangibles, of $1.4 million. In addition, the Hoosier acquisition on April 1, 2021 resulted in a customer relationship intangible of $2.2 million. Details regarding the Level One and Hoosier acquisitions are discussed in NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements. The carrying basis and accumulated amortization of recognized core deposit intangibles and other intangibles are noted below.


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Gross carrying amount	$	104,643	$	102,396

Other intangibles acquired	18,642		2,247

Accumulated amortization	(85,140)		(79,168)

Total core deposit and other intangibles	$	38,145	$	25,475

The core deposit intangibles and other intangibles are being amortized primarily on an accelerated basis over their estimated useful lives, generally over a period of two years to ten years. Intangible amortization expenses for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $2.3 million and $6.0 million, respectively. This was compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 which were $1.5 million and $4.3 million, respectively. Estimated future amortization expense is summarized as follows:


	Amortization Expense
2022	$	2,303
2023	8,742
2024	7,271
2025	6,028
2026	4,910
After 2026	8,891
	$	38,145

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

NOTE 7

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

The Corporation is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Corporation principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Corporation manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and through the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Corporation enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Corporation’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Corporation’s known or expected cash payments principally related to certain variable-rate liabilities. The Corporation also has derivatives that are a result of a service the Corporation provides to certain qualifying customers, and, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Corporation’s assets or liabilities. The Corporation manages a matched book with respect to its derivative instruments offered as a part of this service to its customers in order to minimize its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions.

Derivatives Designated as Hedges

The Corporation’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish these objectives, the Corporation primarily uses interest rate swaps and interest rate caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the payment of fixed amounts to a counterparty in exchange for the Corporation receiving variable payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. As of September 30, 2022 the Corporation had one interest rate swap with a notional amount of $10.0 million that was designated as a cash flow hedge. As of December 31, 2021, the Corporation had four interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $60.0 million that were designated as cash flow hedges. A $24.0 million interest rate swap, which was used to hedge the variable cash outflows (Ameribor-based) associated with a brokered deposit, matured in the first quarter of 2022. Two interest rate swaps totaling $26.0 million, which were used to hedge the variable cash outflows (LIBOR-based) associated with existing trust preferred securities when the outflows converted from a fixed rate to variable rate in September 2012, matured in the third quarter of 2022.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. During 2022, $10.0 million of interest rate swaps were used to hedge the variable cash outflows (LIBOR-based) associated with one Federal Home Loan Bank advance. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Corporation did not recognize any ineffectiveness.

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Corporation's variable-rate liabilities. During the next twelve months, the Corporation expects to reclassify $167,000 from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to interest income.

The following table summarizes the Corporation's derivatives designated as hedges:

Asset Derivatives

Liability Derivatives

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

September 30, 2022

December 31, 2021

Balance
Sheet
Location

Fair
Value

Balance
Sheet
Location

Fair
Value

Balance
Sheet
Location

Fair
Value

Balance
Sheet
Location

Fair
Value

Cash flow hedges:

Interest rate swaps on borrowings

Other Assets

167

Other Assets

—

Other Liabilities

—

Other Liabilities

835

The amount of loss recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) is included in the table below for the periods indicated.


Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivatives (Effective Portion)
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Interest Rate Products	$	94	$	(20)	$	507	$	22

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

The amount of loss reclassified from other comprehensive income into income related to cash flow hedging relationships is included in the table below for the periods indicated.

Derivatives Designated as
Hedging Instruments

Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized Income on
Derivative

Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassed from Other Comprehensive Income into Income (Effective Portion)

Three Months Ended
September 30, 2022

Three Months Ended
September 30, 2021

Interest rate contracts

Interest Expense

(78)

(266)

Derivatives Designated as
Hedging Instruments

Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized Income on
Derivative

Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassed from Other Comprehensive Income into Income (Effective Portion)

Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2022

Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2021

Interest rate contracts

Interest Expense

(496)

(779)

Non-designated Hedges

The Corporation does not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes. Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and result from a service the Corporation provides to certain customers. The Corporation executes interest rate swaps with commercial banking customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. Those interest rate swaps are simultaneously hedged by offsetting interest rate swaps that the Corporation executes with a third party, such that the Corporation minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. As the interest rate swaps associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings.

Commitments to fund certain mortgage loans (interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of mortgage loans to third party investors are considered derivatives. It is the Corporation's practice to enter into forward commitments for the future delivery of residential mortgage loans when interest rate lock commitments are entered into in order to economically hedge the effect of changes in interest rates resulting from its commitments to fund the loans. These mortgage banking derivatives are not designated in hedge relationships. Fair values were estimated based on changes in mortgage interest rates from the date of the commitments. Changes in the fair value of these mortgage banking derivatives are included in net gains and fees on sales of loans.

The table below presents the fair value of the Corporation’s non-designated hedges, as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet, as of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021.


	September 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Notional Amount		Fair Value
Included in other assets:
Interest rate swaps	$	1,200,105	$	98,280	$	1,038,947	$	41,133
Forward contracts related to mortgage loans to be delivered for sale	21,333		612		—		—
Interest rate lock commitments	5,249		27		—		—
Included in other assets	$	1,226,687	$	98,919	$	1,038,947	$	41,133
Included in other liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$	1,200,105	$	98,280	$	1,038,947	$	41,133
Forward contracts related to mortgage loans to be delivered for sale	8,527		172		—		—
Interest rate lock commitments	16,846		357		—		—
Included in other liabilities	$	1,225,478	$	98,809	$	1,038,947	$	41,133

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

In the normal course of business, the Corporation may decide to settle a forward contract rather than fulfill the contract. Cash received or paid in this settlement manner is included in "Net gains and fees on sales of loans" in the consolidated condensed statement of income and is considered a cost of executing a forward contract. The amount of gain (loss) recognized into income related to non-designated hedging instruments is included in the table below for the periods indicated.


Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized Income on Derivative	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized Income on Derivative
		Three Months Ended September 30, 2022		Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
Forward contracts related to mortgage loans to be delivered for sale	Net gains and fees on sales of loans	$	237	$	—
Interest rate lock commitments	Net gains and fees on sales of loans	(350)		—
Total net gain/(loss) recognized in income		$	(113)	$	—


Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized Income on Derivative	Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized Income on Derivative
		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Forward contracts related to mortgage loans to be delivered for sale	Net gains and fees on sales of loans	$	993	$	—
Interest rate lock commitments	Net gains and fees on sales of loans	(235)		—
Total net gain/(loss) recognized in income		$	758	$	—

The Corporation’s exposure to credit risk occurs because of nonperformance by its counterparties. The counterparties approved by the Corporation are usually financial institutions, which are well capitalized and have credit ratings through Moody’s and/or Standard & Poor’s at or above investment grade. The Corporation’s control of such risk is through quarterly financial reviews, comparing mark-to-market values with policy limitations, credit ratings and collateral pledging.

Credit-risk-related Contingent Features

The Corporation has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Corporation fails to maintain its status as a well or adequately capitalized institution, then the Corporation could be required to terminate or fully collateralize all outstanding derivative contracts. Additionally, the Corporation has agreements with certain of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Corporation defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Corporation could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. As of September 30, 2022, the termination value of derivatives in a net liability position related to these agreements was $51,000. As of September 30, 2022, the Corporation has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and has posted collateral of $195,000. While the Corporation did not breach any of these provisions as of September 30, 2022, if it had, the Corporation could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value.

NOTE 8

DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

The Corporation used fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. The accounting guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 820 applies only when other guidance requires or permits assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value; it does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances.

As defined in ASC 820, fair value is the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. It represents an exit price at the measurement date. Market participants are buyers and sellers, who are independent, knowledgeable, and willing and able to transact in the principal (or most advantageous) market for the asset or liability being measured. Current market conditions, including imbalances between supply and demand, are considered in determining fair value. The Corporation values its assets and liabilities in the principal market where it sells the particular asset or transfers the liability with the greatest volume and level of activity. In the absence of a principal market, the valuation is based on the most advantageous market for the asset or liability (i.e., the market where the asset could be sold or the liability transferred at a price that maximizes the amount to be received for the asset or minimizes the amount to be paid to transfer the liability).

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

Valuation inputs refer to the assumptions market participants would use in pricing a given asset or liability. Inputs can be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are those assumptions which market participants would use in pricing the particular asset or liability. These inputs are based on market data and are obtained from a source independent of the Corporation. Unobservable inputs are assumptions based on the Corporation’s own information or estimate of assumptions used by market participants in pricing the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are based on the best and most current information available on the measurement date. All inputs, whether observable or unobservable, are ranked in accordance with a prescribed fair value hierarchy which gives the highest ranking to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest ranking to unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market activity (Level 3). Fair values for assets or liabilities classified as Level 2 are based on one or a combination of the following factors: (i) quoted prices for similar assets; (ii) observable inputs for the asset or liability, such as interest rates or yield curves; or (iii) inputs derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on

the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Corporation considers an input to be significant if it drives 10 percent or more of the total fair value of a particular asset or liability.

RECURRING MEASUREMENTS

Assets and liabilities are considered to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis if fair value is measured regularly (i.e., daily, weekly, monthly or quarterly). Recurring valuation occurs at a minimum on the measurement date. Assets and liabilities are considered to be measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis if the fair value measurement of the instrument does not necessarily result in a change in the amount recorded on the balance sheet. Generally, nonrecurring valuation is the result of the application of other accounting pronouncements which require assets or liabilities to be assessed for impairment or recorded at the lower of cost or fair value. The fair value of assets or liabilities transferred in or out of Level 3 is measured on the transfer date, with any additional changes in fair value subsequent to the transfer considered to be realized or unrealized gains or losses.

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the

accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

Investment Securities

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities include U.S. Treasury securities. Where significant observable inputs, other than Level 1 quoted prices, are available, securities are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 2 securities include U.S. government-sponsored agency and mortgage-backed securities, state and municipal securities and corporate obligations securities. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy and include state and municipal securities, U.S. government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities and corporate obligations securities. Level 3 fair value for securities was determined using a discounted cash flow model that incorporated market estimates of interest rates and volatility in markets that have not been active.

Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may apply such techniques as matrix pricing to determine the value of identical or similar investment securities (Level 2). Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique widely used in the banking industry to value investment securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for specific investment securities but rather relying on the investment securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted investment securities. Any investment security not valued based upon the methods above are considered Level 3.

Derivative Financial Agreements

See information regarding the Corporation’s derivative financial agreements in NOTE 7. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities recognized in the accompanying balance sheets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the ASC 820 fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021.


			Fair Value Measurements Using:
September 30, 2022	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Available for sale securities:
U.S. Treasury	$	2,067	$	2,067	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities	105,766		—		105,766		—
State and municipal	1,344,956		—		1,339,484		5,472
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	518,789		—		518,785		4
Corporate obligations	12,394		—		12,363		31
Derivative assets	99,086		—		99,086		—
Derivative liabilities	98,809		—		98,809		—

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


			Fair Value Measurements Using:
December 31, 2021	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Available for sale securities:

U.S. Treasury	$	999	$	999	$	—	$	—
U.S. Government-sponsored agency securities	95,136		—		95,136		—
State and municipal	1,576,532		—		1,571,076		5,456
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	667,605		—		667,601		4
Corporate obligations	4,279		—		4,248		31

Derivative assets	41,133		—		41,133		—
Derivative liabilities	41,968		—		41,968		—

Level 3 Reconciliation

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of recurring fair value measurements recognized in the accompanying

balance sheets using significant unobservable Level 3 inputs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.


	Available for Sale Securities
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021		September 30, 2022		September 30, 2021
Balance at beginning of the period	$	8,630	$	5,795	$	5,491	$	2,479


Included in other comprehensive income	29		(21)		(597)		333
Purchases, issuances and settlements	—		—		5,111		3,241

Principal payments	(3,152)		(174)		(4,498)		(453)
Ending balance	$	5,507	$	5,600	$	5,507	$	5,600

There were no gains or losses included in earnings that were attributable to the changes in unrealized gains or losses related to assets or

liabilities held at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

Transfers Between Levels

There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Nonrecurring Measurements

Following is a description of valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021.


			Fair Value Measurements Using
September 30, 2022	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Collateral dependent loans	$	54,756	$	—	$	—	$	54,756


			Fair Value Measurements Using
December 31, 2021	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Collateral dependent loans	$	24,491	$	—	$	—	$	24,491
Other real estate owned	96		—		—		96

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

Collateral Dependent Loans and Other Real Estate Owned

Determining fair value for collateral dependent loans and other real estate requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor, which includes selling costs if applicable, to the value. The fair value of real estate is generally based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The appraisers typically determine the value of the real estate by utilizing an income or market valuation approach. If an appraisal is not available, the fair value may be determined by using a cash flow analysis. Fair value on other collateral such as business assets is typically ascertained by assessing, either singularly or some combination of, asset appraisals, accounts receivable aging reports, inventory listings and or customer financial statements. Both appraised values and values based on borrower’s financial information are discounted as considered appropriate based on age and quality of the information and current market conditions.

Unobservable (Level 3) Inputs

The following table presents quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements, other than goodwill, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

September 30, 2022

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Range (Weighted-Average)

State and municipal securities

5,472

Discounted cash flow

Maturity/Call date

1 month to 15 years

US Muni BQ curve

A- to BBB-

Discount rate

0.4% - 4.0%

Weighted-average coupon

2.3%

Corporate obligations and U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities

Discounted cash flow

Risk free rate

3 month LIBOR

plus premium for illiquidity (basis points)

plus 200bps

Weighted-average coupon

Collateral dependent loans

54,756

Collateral based measurements

Discount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability

0% - 10%

Weighted-average discount by loan balance

1.5%

December 31, 2021

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Range (Weighted-Average)

State and municipal securities

5,456

Discounted cash flow

Maturity/Call date

1 month to 15 years

US Muni BQ curve

A- to BBB-

Discount rate

0.75% - 4%

Weighted-average coupon

3.7%

Corporate obligations and U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities

Discounted cash flow

Risk free rate

3 month LIBOR

plus premium for illiquidity (basis points)

plus 200bps

Weighted-average coupon

Collateral dependent loans

24,491

Collateral based measurements

Discount to reflect current market conditions and ultimate collectability

0% - 10%

Weighted-average discount by loan balance

5.5%

Other real estate owned

Appraisals

Discount to reflect current market conditions

0% - 44%

Weighted-average discount of other real estate owned balance

43.5%

The following is a discussion of the sensitivity of significant unobservable inputs, the interrelationships between those inputs and other unobservable inputs used in recurring fair value measurement and how those inputs might magnify or mitigate the effect of changes in the unobservable inputs on the fair value measurement.

State and Municipal Securities, Corporate Obligations and U.S. Government-sponsored Mortgage-Backed Securities

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Corporation's state and municipal securities, corporate obligations and U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities are premiums for unrated securities and marketability discounts. Significant increases or decreases in either of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. Generally, changes in either of those inputs will not affect the other input.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents estimated fair values of the Corporation’s financial instruments and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.


			September 30, 2022
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Carrying Amount		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	119,532	$	119,532	$	—	$	—
Interest-bearing deposits	179,593		179,593		—		—
Investment securities available for sale	1,983,972		2,067		1,976,398		5,507
Investment securities held to maturity	2,310,796		—		1,856,729		10,359
Loans held for sale	25,394		—		25,394		—
Loans, net	11,423,300		—		—		10,899,928
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	38,056		—		38,056		—
Derivative assets	99,086		—		99,086		—
Interest receivable	71,605		—		71,605		—
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	14,434,825	$	13,589,440	$	820,943	$	—
Borrowings:
Federal funds purchased	185,000		—		185,000		—
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	194,482		—		194,468		—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	643,769		—		634,399		—
Subordinated debentures and other borrowings	151,301		—		138,407		—
Derivative liabilities	98,809		—		98,809		—
Interest payable	4,971		—		4,971		—


			December 31, 2021
			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Carrying Amount		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	167,146	$	167,146	$	—	$	—
Interest-bearing deposits	474,154		474,154		—		—
Investment securities available for sale	2,344,551		999		2,338,061		5,491
Investment securities held to maturity	2,179,802		—		2,188,600		13,903
Loans held for sale	11,187		—		11,187		—
Loans, net	9,046,464		—		—		9,068,319
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	28,736		—		28,736		—
Interest rate swap asset	41,133		—		41,133		—
Interest receivable	57,187		—		57,187		—
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	12,732,577	$	12,038,992	$	690,089	$	—
Borrowings:

Securities sold under repurchase agreements	181,577		—		181,572		—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	334,055		—		337,005		—
Subordinated debentures and other borrowings	118,618		—		107,892		—
Interest rate swap liability	41,968		—		41,968		—
Interest payable	2,762		—		2,762		—

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

NOTE 9

TRANSFERS ACCOUNTED FOR AS SECURED BORROWINGS

The collateral pledged for all repurchase agreements that are accounted for as secured borrowings as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were:


	September 30, 2022
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater Than 90 Days		Total
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	$	194,482	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	194,482


	December 31, 2021
	Remaining Contractual Maturity of the Agreements
	Overnight and Continuous		Up to 30 Days		30-90 Days		Greater Than 90 Days		Total
U.S. Government-sponsored mortgage-backed securities	$	181,577	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	181,577

NOTE 10

ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The following table summarizes the changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, as of September 30, 2022 and 2021:


	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available for Sale		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Defined Benefit Plans		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	59,774	$	(660)	$	(4,001)	$	55,113
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(369,096)		400		—		(368,696)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	(898)		392		—		(506)
Period change	(369,994)		792		—		(369,202)

Balance at September 30, 2022	$	(310,220)	$	132	$	(4,001)	$	(314,089)


Balance at December 31, 2020	$	87,988	$	(1,594)	$	(11,558)	$	74,836
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(31,379)		17		—		(31,362)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	(4,200)		615		—		(3,585)
Period change	(35,579)		632		—		(34,947)

Balance at September 30, 2021	$	52,409	$	(962)	$	(11,558)	$	39,889

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

The following table presents the reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) that were included in net income in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.


	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	2022		2021		Affected Line Item in the Statements of Income
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities (1)
Realized securities gains reclassified into income	$	481	$	1,756	Other income - net realized gains on sales of available for sale securities
Related income tax expense	(101)		(369)		Income tax expense
	$	380	$	1,387

Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges (2)
Interest rate contracts	$	(78)	$	(266)	Interest expense - subordinated debentures and term loans
Related income tax benefit	16		56		Income tax expense
	$	(62)	$	(210)






Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	318	$	1,177




	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components	2022		2021		Affected Line Item in the Statements of Income
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities (1)
Realized securities gains reclassified into income	$	1,137	$	5,316	Other income - net realized gains on sales of available for sale securities
Related income tax expense	(239)		(1,116)		Income tax expense
	$	898	$	4,200

Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges (2)
Interest rate contracts	$	(496)	$	(779)	Interest expense - subordinated debentures and term loans
Related income tax benefit	104		164		Income tax expense
	$	(392)	$	(615)






Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	506	$	3,585

(1) For additional detail related to unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities and related amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income see NOTE 3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

(2) For additional detail related to unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges and related amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income see NOTE 7. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS of these Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

NOTE 11

SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock options and RSAs have been issued to directors, officers and other management employees under the Corporation's 2009 Long-term Equity Incentive Plan, the 2019 Long-term Equity Incentive Plan, and the Equity Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors. The stock options, which have a ten year life, become 100 percent vested based on time ranging from one year to two years and are fully exercisable when vested. Option exercise prices equal the Corporation's common stock closing price on NASDAQ on the date of grant. The RSAs issued to employees and non-employee directors provide for the issuance of shares of the Corporation's common stock at no cost to the holder and generally vest after three years. The RSAs vest only if the employee is actively employed by the Corporation on the vesting date and, therefore, any unvested shares are forfeited. For non-employee directors, the RSAs vest only if the non-employee director remains as an active board member on the vesting date and, therefore, any unvested shares are forfeited. The RSAs for employees and non-employee directors are either immediately vested at retirement, disability or death, or, continue to vest after retirement, disability or death, depending on the plan under which the shares were granted.

The Corporation’s 2019 ESPP provides eligible employees of the Corporation and its subsidiaries an opportunity to purchase shares of common stock of the Corporation through quarterly offerings financed by payroll deductions. The price of the stock to be paid by the employees shall be equal to 85 percent of the average of the closing price of the Corporation’s common stock on each trading day during the offering period. However, in no event shall such purchase price be less than the lesser of an amount equal to 85 percent of the market price of the Corporation’s stock on the offering date or an amount equal to 85 percent of the market value on the date of purchase. Common stock purchases are made quarterly and are paid through advance payroll deductions up to a calendar year maximum of $25,000.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

Compensation expense related to unvested share-based awards is recorded by recognizing the unamortized grant date fair value of these awards over the remaining service periods of those awards, with no change in historical reported fair values and earnings. Awards are valued at

fair value in accordance with provisions of share-based compensation guidance and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the service periods of each award. To complete the exercise of vested stock options, RSA’s and ESPP options, the Corporation generally issues new shares from its authorized but unissued share pool. Share-based compensation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.2 million and $3.4 million, respectively, compared to $1.2 million and $3.6 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Share-based compensation has been recognized as a component of salaries and benefits expense in the accompanying Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income.

Share-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income is based on awards ultimately expected to vest and is reduced for estimated forfeitures. Share-based compensation guidance requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods, if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Pre-vesting forfeitures were estimated to be approximately 0.5 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, based on historical experience.

The following table summarizes the components of the Corporation's share-based compensation awards recorded as an expense and the income tax benefit of such awards.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Stock and ESPP Options
Pre-tax compensation expense	$	15	$	16	$	64	$	131
Income tax expense (benefit)	—		—		(74)		(92)
Stock and ESPP option expense, net of income taxes	$	15	$	16	$	(10)	$	39
Restricted Stock Awards
Pre-tax compensation expense	$	1,171	$	1,201	$	3,366	$	3,484
Income tax expense (benefit)	(332)		(136)		(792)		(619)
Restricted stock awards expense, net of income taxes	$	839	$	1,065	$	2,574	$	2,865
Total Share-Based Compensation
Pre-tax compensation expense	$	1,186	$	1,217	$	3,430	$	3,615
Income tax expense (benefit)	(332)		(136)		(866)		(711)
Total share-based compensation expense, net of income taxes	$	854	$	1,081	$	2,564	$	2,904

The grant date fair value of ESPP options was estimated to be approximately $15,000 at the beginning of the July 1, 2022 quarterly offering period. The ESPP options vested during the three months ending September 30, 2022, leaving no unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested ESPP options at September 30, 2022.

Stock option activity under the Corporation's stock option plans as of September 30, 2022 and changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, were as follows:


	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2022	28,500	$	17.14

Transferred Options from Level One	148,600	$	18.84
Exercised	(20,095)	$	16.74

Outstanding September 30, 2022	157,005	$	18.80	2.69	$	3,121,261
Vested and Expected to Vest at September 30, 2022	157,005	$	18.80	2.69	$	3,121,261
Exercisable at September 30, 2022	157,005	$	18.80	2.69	$	3,121,261

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Corporation's closing stock price on the last trading day of the first nine months of 2022 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their stock options on September 30, 2022. The amount of aggregate intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Corporation's common stock.

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $470,000 and $559,000, respectively. Cash receipts of stock options exercised during this same period were $336,000 and $198,000, respectively.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes information on unvested RSAs outstanding as of September 30, 2022:


	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested RSAs at January 1, 2022	411,259	$	35.86
Granted	129,040	$	40.60
Vested	(112,443)	$	37.18
Forfeited	(11,775)	$	36.54
Unvested RSAs at September 30, 2022	416,081	$	36.95

As of September 30, 2022, unrecognized compensation expense related to RSAs was $9.9 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years. The Corporation did not have any unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options as of September 30, 2022.

NOTE 12

INCOME TAX

The following table summarizes the major components creating differences between income taxes at the federal statutory and the effective tax rate recorded in the consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021








Reconciliation of Federal Statutory to Actual Tax Expense:
Federal statutory income tax at 21%	$	15,445		$	12,984		$	36,176		$	39,082
Tax-exempt interest income	(4,974)			(4,196)			(14,371)			(11,795)

Share-based compensation	(79)			119			(146)			47
Tax-exempt earnings and gains on life insurance	(1,397)			(503)			(2,026)			(1,037)
Tax credits	(122)			(127)			(292)			(277)

State Income Tax	658			678			1,177			2,252
Other	262			107			420			36
Actual Tax Expense	$	9,793		$	9,062		$	20,938		$	28,308

Effective Tax Rate	13.3		%	14.7		%	12.2		%	15.2		%

NOTE 13

NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE

Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the combination of the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the reporting period and all potentially dilutive common shares. Potentially dilutive common shares include stock options and RSAs issued under the Corporation's share-based compensation plans. Potentially dilutive common shares are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share in the periods where the effect would be antidilutive.

The following table reconciles basic and diluted net income per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2022					2021
	Net Income Available to Common Stockholders		Weighted-Average Common Shares	Per Share Amount		Net Income Available to Common Stockholders		Weighted-Average Common Shares	Per Share Amount
Net income available to common stockholders	$	63,283	59,096,688	$	1.08	$	52,770	53,766,630	$	0.98
Effect of potentially dilutive stock options and restricted stock awards			242,041					193,135
Diluted net income per common share	$	63,283	59,338,729	$	1.08	$	52,770	53,959,765	$	0.98

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022					2021
	Net Income Available to Common Stockholders		Weighted-Average Common Shares	Per Share Amount		Net Income Available to Common Stockholders		Weighted-Average Common Shares	Per Share Amount
Net income available to common stockholders	$	150,391	57,200,843	$	2.63	$	157,798	53,883,945	$	2.93
Effect of potentially dilutive stock options and restricted stock awards			266,716					209,118
Diluted net income per common share	$	150,391	57,467,559	$	2.62	$	157,798	54,093,063	$	2.92

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, there were no stock options with an option price greater than the average market price of the common shares.

NOTE 14

GENERAL LITIGATION AND REGULATORY EXAMINATIONS

The Corporation is subject to claims and lawsuits that arise primarily in the ordinary course of business. Additionally, the Corporation is also subject to periodic examinations by various regulatory agencies. It is the general opinion of management that the disposition or ultimate resolution of any such routine litigation or regulatory examinations will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flow of the Corporation.

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

From time to time, we include forward-looking statements in our oral and written communication. We may include forward-looking statements in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, such as this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in other written materials and in oral statements made by senior management to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others. We intend these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we are including this statement for purposes of these safe harbor provisions. Forward-looking statements can often be identified by the use of words like “believe”, “continue”, “pattern”, “estimate”, “project”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “expect” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will”, “would”, “should”, “could”, “might”, “can”, “may”, or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements include:

•statements of the Corporation's goals, intentions and expectations;

•statements regarding the Corporation's business plan and growth strategies;

•statements regarding the asset quality of the Corporation's loan and investment portfolios; and

•estimates of the Corporation's risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks, assumptions and uncertainties, including, among other things, the following important factors which could affect the actual outcome of future events:

•our ability to achieve the expected cost savings, synergies and other anticipated benefits from our merger transaction with Level One Bancorp, Inc. (see BUSINESS SUMMARY below for details);

•fluctuations in market rates of interest and loan and deposit pricing, which could negatively affect our net interest margin, asset valuations and expense expectations;

•adverse changes in the economy, which might affect our business prospects and could cause credit-related losses and expenses;

•the severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on general economic and financial market conditions and our business, results of operations, and financial condition;

•adverse developments in our loan and investment portfolios;

•our participation as a lender in the PPP;

•competitive factors in the banking industry, such as the trend towards consolidation in our market;

•changes in the banking legislation or the regulatory requirements of federal and state agencies applicable to bank holding companies and banks like our affiliate bank;

•acquisitions of other businesses by us and integration of such acquired businesses;

•our ability to implement and comply with the Settlement Agreement and Agreed Order entered into with the United States Department of Justice related to our fair lending practices;

•changes in market, economic, operational, liquidity, credit and interest rate risks associated with our business; and

•the continued availability of earnings and excess capital sufficient for the lawful and prudent declaration and payment of cash dividends.

Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. In addition, our past results of operations do not necessarily indicate our anticipated future results.

BUSINESS SUMMARY

First Merchants Corporation (the “Corporation”) is a financial holding company headquartered in Muncie, Indiana and was organized in September 1982. The Corporation’s common stock is traded on the Nasdaq’s Global Select Market System under the symbol FRME. The Corporation conducts its banking operations through First Merchants Bank (the “Bank”), a wholly-owned subsidiary that opened for business in Muncie, Indiana, in March 1893. The Bank also operates First Merchants Private Wealth Advisors (a division of First Merchants Bank). The Bank includes 122 banking locations in Indiana, Ohio, Michigan and Illinois. In addition to its branch network, the Corporation offers comprehensive electronic and mobile delivery channels to its customers. The Corporation’s business activities are currently limited to one significant business segment, which is community banking.

Through the Bank, the Corporation offers a broad range of financial services, including accepting time, savings and demand deposits; making consumer, commercial, agri-business, public finance and real estate mortgage loans; providing personal and corporate trust services; offering full-service brokerage and private wealth management; and providing letters of credit, repurchase agreements and other corporate services.

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

HIGHLIGHTS FOR THE THIRD QUARTER OF 2022

•Net income available to common stockholders for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $63.3 million compared to $52.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and $38.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022.

•Earnings per fully diluted common share for the third quarter of 2022 totaled $1.08 compared to $0.98 in the third quarter of 2021 and $0.63 in the second quarter of 2022.

•Earnings per fully diluted common share for the third quarter of 2022, excluding income on Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans and acquisition-related costs of the Level One acquisition, totaled $1.12 compared to $0.87 in the third quarter of 2021 and $1.01 in the second quarter of 2022. These adjusted earnings per share amounts are non-GAAP measures. For reconciliations of GAAP measures to the corresponding non-GAAP measures, see "NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES" within the "Results of Operations" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

•Total loans grew $290.6 million, or 10.2 percent annualized on a linked quarter basis, excluding the forgiveness of $21.7 million in PPP loans.

•Total deposits declined $136.0 million, or 3.7 percent annualized on a linked quarter basis.

•Net interest income for the third quarter of 2022 totaled $140.3 million, an increase of $11.6 million, or 9.0 percent on a linked quarter basis.

COVID-19 UPDATE AND RELATED LEGISLATIVE ACTION

The COVID-19 pandemic continued to impact the Corporation’s operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, but the impact appears to be slowly receding. In the two years since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, it has dramatically impacted global health and the economic environment, including millions of confirmed cases and deaths, business slowdowns or shutdowns, labor shortfalls, supply chain challenges, regulatory challenges, and market volatility. In response, the U.S. Congress, through the enactment of the CARES Act in March 2020, and the federal banking agencies, through rulemaking, interpretive guidance and modifications to agency policies and procedures, have taken a series of actions to provide emergency economic relief measures.

The CARES Act established the PPP, which is administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), to fund payroll and operational costs of eligible businesses, organizations and self-employed persons during the pandemic. The Bank actively participated in assisting its customers with PPP funding during all phases of the program. The vast majority of the Bank’s PPP loans made in 2020 have two-year maturities, while the loans made in 2021 have five-year maturities. Loans under the program earn interest at a fixed rate of 1 percent. Through the acquisition of Level One, the Bank acquired an additional $43.5 million of PPP loans as of the acquisition date. As of September 30, 2022, the Corporation had $11.2 million of PPP loans outstanding compared to the December 31, 2021 balance of $106.6 million. The Corporation will continue to monitor legislative, regulatory, and supervisory developments related to the PPP. However, it anticipates that the majority of the Bank’s remaining PPP loans will be forgiven by the SBA in accordance with the terms of the program.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Generally accepted accounting principles are complex and require us to apply significant judgments to various accounting, reporting and disclosure matters. We must use assumptions and estimates to apply those principles where actual measurement is not possible or practical. Certain policies are considered critical because they are highly dependent upon subjective or complex judgments, assumptions and estimates. Changes in such estimates may have a significant impact on the financial statements. For a complete discussion of our significant accounting policies, see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

In addition to the critical accounting estimate included in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as a result of the Level One acquisition on April 1, 2022, the Corporation has provided below an expanded description of its accounting practices and valuation methodologies relative to business combinations.

Business Combinations

Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method, assets and liabilities of the business acquired are recorded at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition with any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired recorded as goodwill. The Corporation uses significant estimates and assumptions to value such items, including projected cash flows, repayment rates, default rates and losses assuming default, discount rates and realizable collateral values. The allowance for credit losses for PCD loans is recognized within acquisition accounting. The allowance for credit losses for non-PCD assets is recognized as provision for credit losses in the same period as the acquisition. Fair value adjustments are amortized or accreted into the income statement over the estimated life of the acquired assets or assumed liabilities. The purchase date valuations and any subsequent adjustments determine the amount of goodwill recognized in connection with the acquisition. The use of different assumptions could produce significantly different valuation results, which could have a positive or negative effect on the Corporation's results of operations.

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The determination of fair values is based on valuations using management's assumptions of future growth rates, future attrition, discount rate, and other relevant factors. In addition, third party specialists are used to assist in the development of fair values. Preliminary estimates of fair values may be adjusted for a period of time subsequent to the acquisition date if new information is obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. Adjustments recorded during this period are recognized in the current reporting period. The Corporation uses various valuation methodologies to estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities, and often involves a significant degree of judgment, particularly when liquid markets do not exist for the particular item being valued. Changes in these factors as well as downturns in economic or business conditions, could have a significant adverse impact on the carrying value of assets, including goodwill and liabilities, which could result in impairment losses affecting the financial statements.

Results of operations of Level One are included in the income statement from the date of acquisition. Details of the Corporation's acquisitions are included in NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Corporation reported third quarter 2022 net income available to common stockholders and diluted earnings per common share of $63.3 million and $1.08 per diluted share, respectively, compared to $52.8 million and $0.98 per diluted share, respectively, during the third quarter of 2021. Net income available to common stockholders and diluted earnings per common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $150.4 million and $2.62 per diluted share, respectively, compared to $157.8 million and $2.92 per diluted share during the same period in 2021.

Earnings per fully diluted common share for the third quarter of 2022, excluding income on PPP loans and Level One acquisition-related expenses (non-GAAP), totaled $1.12, compared to $0.87 in the third quarter of 2021 and $1.01 in the second quarter of 2022. Earnings per fully diluted common share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, excluding income on PPP loans and Level One acquisition-related expenses (non-GAAP), totaled $3.01 compared to $2.54 for the same period in 2021. For reconciliations of GAAP earnings per share measures to the corresponding non-GAAP measures provided above, refer to the "NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

As of September 30, 2022, total assets equaled $17.7 billion, an increase of $2.3 billion from December 31, 2021. The Corporation acquired Level One on April 1, 2022, which included $2.5 billion in assets at acquisition. Details of the acquisition are discussed within NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Cash and due from banks and interest-bearing deposits decreased from December 31, 2021 by $47.6 million and $294.6 million, respectively, as excess cash was used to fund organic loan growth. Total investment securities decreased $229.6 million from December 31, 2021. The net unrealized gain on the Corporation's available for sale investment securities portfolio of $75.9 million at December 31, 2021 changed to a net unrealized loss of $392.5 million as of September 30, 2022. The change to a net unrealized loss position was due to changes in interest rates and not credit quality. Additional details of the changes in the Corporation's investment securities portfolio are discussed within NOTE 3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The Corporation's total loan portfolio grew $2.4 billion since December 31, 2021, of which, $1.6 billion was the result of the Level One acquisition. At acquisition, Level One's loan portfolio included $43.5 million of PPP loans. As of September 30, 2022, the Corporation's PPP loan portfolio, which included PPP loans from Level One, were primarily in the commercial and industrial loans class and totaled $11.2 million, a decrease of $138.8 million from the December 31, 2021 balance of $106.6 million plus the additional $43.5 million from Level One. Excluding the decline in PPP loans and the effect of Level One's acquired loans at acquisition date, the Corporation experienced organic loan growth of $923.9 million, or 13.5 percent on an annualized basis since December 31, 2021. The loan classes that experienced the largest increases from December 31, 2021 were residential real estate, commercial and industrial loans, construction real estate, commercial real estate (owner occupied), and commercial real estate (non-owner occupied). Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers was the only loan class that experienced a decrease from December 31, 2021. Additional details of the changes in the Corporation's loans are discussed within NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the "LOAN QUALITY AND PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The Corporation’s allowance for credit losses - loans ("ACL - loans") totaled $226.7 million as of September 30, 2022 and equaled 1.94 percent of total loans, compared to $195.4 million and 2.11 percent of total loans at December 31, 2021. The ACL - loans increased $16.6 million in connection with the Level One acquisition for CECL Day 1 purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") loans and provision expense of $14.0 million was recorded for CECL Day 1 non- PCD loans. Additionally, provision expense of $2.8 million was recorded for CECL Day 1 unfunded commitments, which increased other liabilities. The Corporation did not recognize any provision expense during 2022 and 2021 other than CECL Day 1 expense. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Corporation recognized $427,000 and $751,000 of net recoveries, respectively, compared to net recoveries of $197,000 and net charge-offs of $4.7 million, respectively, in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Non-accrual loans totaled $43.5 million, an increase of $446,000 from December 31, 2021, but when considering the non-accrual loans acquired from Level One of $9.4 million, non-accruals decreased $9.0 million, resulting in a coverage ratio of 521.1 percent. Additional details of the Corporation's allowance methodology and asset quality are discussed within NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and within the “LOAN QUALITY AND PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Several additional asset categories increased from December 31, 2021 primarily due to the acquisition of Level One, including premises and equipment of $10.7 million, FHLB stock of $9.3 million, interest receivable of $14.4 million, goodwill of $167.2 million, other intangibles of $12.7 million and cash surrender value of life insurance of $15.9 million.

OREO totaled $6.5 million as of September 30, 2022 and increased $5.9 million from the December 31, 2021 balance of $558,000, primarily due to a $5.8 million student housing property that was moved into OREO during the first quarter of 2022. A loss on this project is not expected.

The Corporation's net tax asset, deferred and receivable increased $106.5 million from December 31, 2021. The primary driver was the change from net unrealized gains to net unrealized losses on available for sale securities noted above, which resulted in a $98.4 million increase in the net deferred tax asset. Additionally, the $16.2 million deferred tax asset recorded as part of the Level One acquisition also contributed to the increase from December 31, 2021.

The Corporation's other assets increased $104.1 million from December 31, 2021. The Corporation's derivative assets (recorded in other assets) and derivative liabilities (recorded in other liabilities) increased $58.0 million and $56.8 million, respectively, from December 31, 2021. The increase in valuations are due to the continual increases in the FOMC’s target fed funds rate and quantitative tightening resulting in higher nominal rates and increased forward rate expectations. Approximately $22.7 million of the increase in other assets relates to estimated proceeds from a $5.3 million gain on life insurance benefits recorded in the third quarter of 2022. The Corporation's investments in community redevelopment funds also increased $13.7 million since December 31, 2021. The acquisition of Level One resulted in a right of use lease asset of $8.9 million related to leased facilities and mortgage servicing rights of $5.6 million.

As of September 30, 2022, total deposits equaled $14.4 billion, an increase of $1.7 billion from December 31, 2021. Deposits assumed in the Level One acquisition were $1.9 billion as of the acquisition date. The Corporation experienced increases from December 31, 2021 in demand, savings and certificates and other time deposits of $100,000 or more of $830.8 million, $719.7 million and $170.2 million, respectively. Other certificates and time deposits and brokered deposits decreased in total by $18.4 million since December 31, 2021.

Total borrowings increased $540.3 million as of September 30, 2022, compared to December 31, 2021. Federal funds purchased and Federal Home Loan Bank advances increased $185.0 million and $309.7 million, respectively, compared to December 31, 2021 as the Corporation utilized liquidity sources to fund loan growth. The Level One acquisition contributed to the increase in borrowings due to the assumption of $160.0 million of Federal Home Loan Bank advances and $32.6 million of subordinated debentures.

The Corporation's other liabilities as of September 30, 2022 increased $27.0 million compared to December 31, 2021. As noted above, the derivative hedge liability increased $56.8 million from December 31, 2021. At December 31, 2021, the Corporation accrued $46.1 million of trade date accounting related to loan and investment securities purchases, of which, the accrual at September 30, 2022 was $5.0 million. Additionally, the acquisition of Level One resulted in a lease liability of $8.9 million at acquisition related to leased facilities.

As part of the Level One acquisition, each outstanding share of 7.5 percent non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series B, of Level One was exchanged for one share of a newly created 7.5 percent non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series A, of the Corporation with a liquidation preference of $2,500 per share. As a result, the Corporation issued 10,000 shares of Series A preferred stock at the acquisition date resulting in $25.0 million of outstanding preferred stock at September 30, 2022.

The Corporation continued to maintain all regulatory capital ratios in excess of the regulatory definition of “well-capitalized.” Details of the Stock Repurchase Program and regulatory capital ratios are discussed within the “CAPITAL” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

The Corporation's accounting and reporting policies conform to GAAP and general practices within the banking industry. As a supplement to GAAP, the Corporation provides non-GAAP performance measures, which management believes are useful because they assist investors in assessing the Corporation's performance. Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by investors to evaluate a company, they have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP. Where non-GAAP financial measures are used, the comparable GAAP financial measure, as well as the reconciliation to the comparable GAAP financial measure can be found in the following tables.

Adjusted earnings per share, excluding PPP loans and acquisition-related expenses, are meaningful non-GAAP financial measures for management, as they provide a meaningful foundation for period-to-period and company-to-company comparisons, which management believes will aid both investors and analysts in analyzing our financial measures and predicting future performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are also used by management to assess the performance of the Corporation's business, because management does not consider these items to be relevant to ongoing financial performance on a per share basis.

Non-GAAP financial measures such as tangible common equity to tangible assets, tangible earnings per share, return on average tangible assets and return on average tangible equity are important measures of the strength of the Corporation's capital and ability to generate earnings on tangible common equity invested by our shareholders. These non-GAAP measures provide useful supplemental information and may assist investors in analyzing the Corporation’s financial position without regard to the effects of intangible assets and preferred stock, but do retain the effect of accumulated other comprehensive gains (losses) in shareholder's equity. Disclosure of these measures also allows analysts and banking regulators to assess our capital adequacy on these same bases.

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


ADJUSTED EPS EXCLUDING PAYCHECK PROTECTION PROGRAM ("PPP") AND ACQUISITION RELATED EXPENSES - non-GAAP
(Dollars In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		June 30,			September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2022		2022			2021		2022		2021
Net Income Available to Common Stockholders - GAAP	$	63,283	$	38,522		$	52,770	$	150,391	$	157,798
Adjustments:
PPP loan income	(323)		(891)			(8,211)		(3,098)		(27,179)
Acquisition-related expenses	3,417		12,549			—		16,118		—
Acquisition-related provision expense	—		16,755			—		16,755		—
Tax on adjustment	(759)		(6,967)			2,013		(7,301)		6,664
Adjusted Net Income Available to Common Stockholders - non-GAAP	$	65,618	$	59,968		$	46,572	$	172,865	$	137,283

Average Diluted Common Shares Outstanding (in thousands)	59,339		59,308			53,960		57,468		54,093

Diluted Earnings Per Common Share - GAAP	$	1.08	$	0.63		$	0.98	$	2.62	$	2.92
Adjustments:
PPP loan income	—		(0.01)			(0.15)		(0.05)		(0.50)
Acquisition-related expenses	0.05		0.22			—		0.27		—
Acquisition-related provision expense	—		0.30			—		0.30		—
Tax on adjustment	(0.01)		(0.13)			0.04		(0.13)		0.12
Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Common Share - non-GAAP	$	1.12	$	1.01		$	0.87	$	3.01	$	2.54


TANGIBLE COMMON EQUITY TO TANGIBLE ASSETS - non-GAAP
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

	September 30, 2022			December 31, 2021
Total Stockholders' Equity (GAAP)	$	1,906,666		$	1,912,571
Less: Preferred stock (GAAP)	(25,125)			(125)
Less: Intangible assets (GAAP)	(750,713)			(570,860)
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)	$	1,130,828		$	1,341,586
Total assets (GAAP)	$	17,718,985		$	15,453,149
Less: Intangible assets (GAAP)	(750,713)			(570,860)
Tangible assets (non-GAAP)	$	16,968,272		$	14,882,289
Stockholders' Equity to Assets (GAAP)	10.76		%	12.38		%
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (non-GAAP)	6.66		%	9.01		%

Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)	$	1,130,828		$	1,341,586
Plus: Tax benefit of intangibles (non-GAAP)	8,197			4,875
Tangible common equity, net of tax (non-GAAP)	$	1,139,025		$	1,346,461
Common Stock outstanding	59,145			53,410
Book Value (GAAP)	$	31.81		$	35.81
Tangible book value - common (non-GAAP)	$	19.26		$	25.21

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


TANGIBLE EARNINGS PER SHARE, RETURN ON TANGIBLE ASSETS AND RETURN ON TANGIBLE EQUITY - non-GAAP
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Average goodwill (GAAP)	$	712,995		$	545,385		$	657,643		$	545,371
Average other intangibles (GAAP)	39,580			27,781			35,500			28,040
Average deferred tax on other intangibles (GAAP)	(8,505)			(5,314)			(7,436)			(5,597)
Intangible adjustment (non-GAAP)	$	744,070		$	567,852		$	685,707		$	567,814
Average stockholders' equity (GAAP)	$	2,018,156		$	1,889,037		$	1,977,299		$	1,858,680
Average preferred stock (GAAP)	(25,125)			(125)			(16,792)			(125)

Intangible adjustment (non-GAAP)	(744,070)			(567,852)			(685,707)			(567,814)
Average tangible capital (non-GAAP)	$	1,248,961		$	1,321,060		$	1,274,800		$	1,290,741
Average assets (GAAP)	$	17,770,623		$	15,006,087		$	17,012,930		$	14,672,596
Intangible adjustment (non-GAAP)	(744,070)			(567,852)			(685,707)			(567,814)
Average tangible assets (non-GAAP)	$	17,026,553		$	14,438,235		$	16,327,223		$	14,104,782
Net income available to common stockholders (GAAP)	$	63,283		$	52,770		$	150,391		$	157,798
Other intangible amortization, net of tax (GAAP)	1,819			1,156			4,718			3,384
Preferred stock dividend	469			—			938			—
Tangible net income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP)	$	65,571		$	53,926		$	156,047		$	161,182
Per Share Data:
Diluted net income available to common stockholders (GAAP)	$	1.08		$	0.98		$	2.62		$	2.92
Diluted tangible net income available to common stockholders (non-GAAP)	$	1.11		$	1.00		$	2.72		$	2.98
Ratios:
Return on average GAAP capital (ROE)	12.54		%	11.17		%	10.14		%	11.32		%
Return on average tangible capital	20.85		%	16.33		%	16.22		%	16.65		%
Return on average assets (ROA)	1.43		%	1.41		%	1.19		%	1.43		%
Return on average tangible assets	1.54		%	1.49		%	1.27		%	1.52		%

Return on average tangible capital is tangible net income available to common stockholders (annualized) expressed as a percentage of average tangible capital. Return on average tangible assets is tangible net income available to common stockholders (annualized) expressed as a percentage of average tangible assets.

NET INTEREST INCOME

Net interest income is the most significant component of our earnings, comprising 82 percent of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Net interest income and margin are influenced by many factors, primarily the volume and mix of earning assets, funding sources, and interest rate fluctuations. Other factors include the level of accretion income on purchased loans, prepayment risk on mortgage and investment-related assets, and the composition and maturity of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Loans typically generate more interest income than investment securities with similar maturities. Funding from customer deposits generally cost less than wholesale funding sources. Factors such as general economic activity, Federal Reserve Board monetary policy, and price volatility of competing alternative investments, can also exert significant influence on our ability to optimize the mix of assets and funding and the net interest income and margin.

Net interest income is the excess of interest received from earning assets over interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities. For analytical purposes, net interest income is also presented on an FTE basis in the tables that follow to reflect what tax-exempt assets would need to yield in order to achieve the same after-tax yield as a taxable asset. The federal statutory rate of 21 percent was used for all periods, adjusted for the TEFRA interest disallowance applicable to certain tax-exempt obligations. The FTE analysis portrays the income tax benefits associated with tax-exempt assets and helps to facilitate a comparison between taxable and tax-exempt assets. Management believes that it is a standard practice in the banking industry to present net interest margin and net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis. Therefore, management believes these measures provide useful information for both management and investors by allowing them to make peer comparisons.

In the third quarter of 2022, FTE asset yields increased 65 basis points compared to the same period in 2021. Average earning assets for the three months ended September 30, 2022 increased $2.8 billion compared to the same period in 2021, with loans accounting for $2.4 billion of the increase and investment securities accounting for $708.7 million of the increase. Of the $2.8 billion increase in average loans, $1.6 billion was attributable to the Level One acquisition on April 1, 2022, and the remaining increase was due to organic loan growth during the period after excluding PPP loans, which averaged approximately $19.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to an average of approximately $315.2 million for the same period of 2021. Excess liquidity was utilized to fund $290.6 million of organic loan growth during the three months ended September 30, 2022.

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The increase in interest income, on an FTE basis, of $50.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily due to an increase in average earning assets, coupled with the FOMC's interest rate increases of 75 basis points on July 27, 2022 and 75 basis points on September 21, 2022. Approximately $7.7 billion of the Corporation's loan portfolio, or 66 percent, is variable with 42 percent of the portfolio repricing within one month and 52 percent repricing within three months. Additionally, the yields on new and renewed loans increased from 3.23 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2021 to 4.96 percent for the same period in 2022. PPP loans were recorded at an interest rate of only 1 percent, but the Corporation also recognized fee income of $277,000 during the third quarter of 2022, compared to $7.4 million for the same period in 2021, which is included in interest income. The Corporation recognized fair value accretion income on purchased loans, which is included in interest income, of $3.2 million, which accounted for 8 basis points of net interest margin in the third quarter of 2022. Comparatively, the Corporation recognized $1.5 million of accretion income for the third quarter of 2021, or 4 basis points of net interest margin.

Interest costs increased 42 basis points during the three months ended September 30, 2022, which partially offset the increase in asset yields and resulted in an 23 basis point FTE increase in net interest spread as compared to the same period in 2021. Interest costs have increased during the quarter due to deposit pricing pressure primarily in the municipal deposit space and a strategic focus on relationship pricing. Average interest-bearing deposits for the three months ended September 30, 2022 increased $1.3 billion compared to the same period in 2021 due to the acquisition of Level One, which included $1.2 billion of interest-bearing deposits, and the remaining increase due to organic growth. Average non-interest bearing deposits for the three months ended September 30, 2022 increased $916.7 million when compared to the same period in 2021 as $738.9 million were acquired from Level One, and the remaining increase due to organic growth. Non-interest bearing deposits represented 23 percent of the Corporation's total deposit balance as of September 30, 2022 and acts to mitigate deposit yield increases as interest rates rise. Average borrowings increased $394.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period of 2021 due to the additional $194.2 million of borrowings acquired from Level One. Interest-bearing deposit and borrowing costs for the three months ended September 30, 2022 were 0.60 percent and 2.52 percent, respectively, compared to 0.23 percent and 2.02 percent, respectively, during the same period in 2021. Total cost of funds was 76 basis points for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 34 basis points during the same period in 2021.

Net interest margin, on an FTE basis, increased 35 basis points to 3.55 percent for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 3.20 percent for the same period in 2021.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2022, FTE asset yields increased 17 basis points compared to the same period in 2021. FOMC's interest rate increases of an aggregate 300 basis points in 2022 have contributed to this increase. Average earning assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased $2.3 billion compared to the same period in 2021, with loans accounting for $1.4 billion of the increase and investment securities accounting for $1.0 billion of the increase. Of the $1.4 billion increase in average loans, $1.6 billion was attributable to the Level One acquisition on April 1, 2022, and the remaining increase was due to organic loan growth during the period after excluding PPP loans, which averaged approximately $53.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to an average of approximately $532.1 million for the same period of 2021. Excess liquidity was utilized to fund organic loan growth and investment securities purchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

This increase in asset yields was primarily a result of the increase in average earning assets coupled with the loan portfolio yield increase from 4.03 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to 4.22 percent for the same period in 2022, resulting in a increase of 17 basis points. PPP fee income declined from $23.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 to $2.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which is included in interest income. The Corporation recognized fair value accretion income on purchased loans, which is included in interest income, of $7.4 million, which accounted for 6 basis points of net interest margin in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Comparatively, the Corporation recognized $5.8 million of accretion income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, or 5 basis points of net interest margin. Additionally, investment securities that rolled off in 2021 and early 2022 were at higher yields than could be reinvested, resulting in a decline in the investment portfolio yield for the nine month ended September 30, 2021 of 2.63 percent to a yield of 2.61 percent for the same period in 2022.

Interest costs increased 13 basis points, and partially mitigated the 17 basis points increase in asset yields, resulting in a 4 basis point FTE increase in net interest spread as compared to the same period in 2021. Interest-bearing deposits and borrowing costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were 0.36 percent and 2.18 percent, respectively, compared to 0.25 percent and 1.96 percent, respectively, during the same period in 2021.

Net interest margin, on a tax equivalent basis, increased 8 basis points to 3.30 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 3.22 percent for the same period in 2021.

Details regarding the Level One acquisition are discussed in NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following tables present the Corporation’s average balance sheet, interest income/interest expense, and the average rate as a percent of average earning assets/liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021.


(Dollars in Thousands)	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2022						September 30, 2021
	Average Balance		Interest Income / Expense		Average Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income / Expense		Average Rate
Assets:

Interest-bearing deposits	$	190,434	$	704	1.48	%	$	539,377	$	218	0.16	%
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	38,089		314		3.30		28,736		168		2.34
Investment Securities: (1)
Taxable	2,091,608		10,055		1.92		1,843,026		7,788		1.69
Tax-Exempt (2)	2,700,580		21,849		3.24		2,240,409		18,309		3.27
Total Investment Securities	4,792,188		31,904		2.66		4,083,435		26,097		2.56
Loans held for sale	20,039		266		5.74		17,426		158		3.63
Loans: (3)
Commercial	8,177,895		103,227		5.05		6,745,303		70,442		4.18
Real Estate Mortgage	1,666,173		14,701		3.53		886,469		8,142		3.67
Installment	813,112		10,310		5.07		690,093		6,576		3.81
Tax-Exempt (2)	810,984		8,228		4.06		750,357		7,078		3.77
Total Loans	11,488,203		136,732		4.76		9,089,648		92,396		4.07
Total Earning Assets	16,508,914		169,654		4.11	%	13,741,196		118,879		3.46	%
Total Non-Earning Assets	1,261,709						1,264,891
Total Assets	$	17,770,623					$	15,006,087
Liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest-bearing deposits	$	5,184,087	$	8,723	0.67	%	$	4,799,624	$	3,606	0.30	%
Money market deposits	3,096,423		5,390		0.70		2,459,205		764		0.12
Savings deposits	1,978,596		1,538		0.31		1,788,281		486		0.11
Certificates and other time deposits	857,033		993		0.46		758,565		851		0.45
Total Interest-bearing Deposits	11,116,139		16,644		0.60		9,805,675		5,707		0.23
Borrowings	1,013,893		6,388		2.52		619,768		3,126		2.02
Total Interest-bearing Liabilities	12,130,032		23,032		0.76		10,425,443		8,833		0.34
Noninterest-bearing deposits	3,461,393						2,544,661
Other liabilities	161,042						146,946
Total Liabilities	15,752,467						13,117,050
Stockholders' Equity	2,018,156						1,889,037
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	17,770,623	23,032				$	15,006,087	8,833
Net Interest Income (FTE)			$	146,622					$	110,046
Net Interest Spread (FTE) (4)					3.35	%					3.12	%

Net Interest Margin (FTE):
Interest Income (FTE) / Average Earning Assets					4.11	%					3.46	%
Interest Expense / Average Earning Assets					0.56	%					0.26	%
Net Interest Margin (FTE) (5)					3.55	%					3.20	%

(1) Average balance of securities is computed based on the average of the historical amortized cost balances without the effects of the fair value adjustments. Annualized amounts are computed utilizing a 30/360 day basis.
(2) Tax-exempt securities and loans are presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis, using a marginal tax rate of 21 percent for 2022 and 2021. These totals equal $6,316 and $5,331 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(3) Non-accruing loans have been included in the average balances.
(4) Net Interest Spread (FTE) is interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets minus interest expense expressed as a percentage of average interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) Net Interest Margin (FTE) is interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets minus interest expense expressed as a percentage of average earning assets.

Table of Contents

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS



(Dollars in Thousands)	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2022						September 30, 2021
	Average Balance		Interest Income / Expense		Average Rate		Average Balance		Interest Income / Expense		Average Rate
Assets:

Interest-bearing deposits	$	333,818	$	1,544	0.62	%	$	509,153	$	461	0.12	%
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	34,742		635		2.44		28,736		434		2.01
Investment Securities: (1)
Taxable	2,079,983		28,937		1.85		1,689,697		21,923		1.73
Tax-Exempt (2)	2,647,547		63,732		3.21		1,989,397		50,532		3.39
Total Investment Securities	4,727,530		92,669		2.61		3,679,094		72,455		2.63
Loans held for sale	19,020		622		4.36		19,360		551		3.79
Loans: (3)
Commercial	7,731,591		253,770		4.38		6,857,968		210,502		4.09
Real Estate Mortgage	1,350,969		35,199		3.47		924,652		26,917		3.88
Installment	765,960		24,775		4.31		674,696		19,456		3.84
Tax-Exempt (2)	780,410		23,030		3.93		725,651		20,854		3.83
Total Loans	10,647,950		337,396		4.22		9,202,327		278,280		4.03
Total Earning Assets	15,744,040		432,244		3.66	%	13,419,310		351,630		3.49	%
Total Non-Earning Assets	1,268,890						1,253,286
Total Assets	$	17,012,930					$	14,672,596
Liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest-bearing deposits	$	5,195,249	$	15,699	0.40	%	$	4,721,267	$	10,875	0.31	%
Money market deposits	2,880,603		8,392		0.39		2,295,589		2,395		0.14
Savings deposits	1,937,761		2,895		0.20		1,730,149		1,424		0.11
Certificates and other time deposits	828,158		2,437		0.39		809,721		3,036		0.50
Total Interest-bearing Deposits	10,841,771		29,423		0.36		9,556,726		17,730		0.25
Borrowings	817,894		13,354		2.18		646,326		9,502		1.96
Total Interest-bearing Liabilities	11,659,665		42,777		0.49		10,203,052		27,232		0.36
Noninterest-bearing deposits	3,232,925						2,460,609
Other liabilities	143,041						150,255
Total Liabilities	15,035,631						12,813,916
Stockholders' Equity	1,977,299						1,858,680
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	17,012,930	42,777				$	14,672,596	27,232
Net Interest Income (FTE)			$	389,467					$	324,398
Net Interest Spread (FTE) (4)					3.17	%					3.13	%

Net Interest Margin (FTE):
Interest Income (FTE) / Average Earning Assets					3.66	%					3.49	%
Interest Expense / Average Earning Assets					0.36	%					0.27	%
Net Interest Margin (FTE) (5)					3.30	%					3.22	%

(1) Average balance of securities is computed based on the average of the historical amortized cost balances without the effects of the fair value adjustments. Annualized amounts are computed utilizing a 30/360 day basis.
(2) Tax-exempt securities and loans are presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis, using a marginal tax rate of 21 percent for 2022 and 2021. These totals equal $18,220 and $14,991 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
(3) Non-accruing loans have been included in the average balances.
(4) Net Interest Spread (FTE) is interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets minus interest expense expressed as a percentage of average interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) Net Interest Margin (FTE) is interest income expressed as a percentage of average earning assets minus interest expense expressed as a percentage of average earning assets.

NON-INTEREST INCOME

Non-interest income totaled $29.6 million for the third quarter of 2022, a $1.1 million, or 3.9 percent, increase from the third quarter of 2021. In the third quarter of 2022, gains on life insurance benefits of $5.3 million, increased $4.0 million from the same period in 2021. Additionally, customer-related line items decreased $0.2 million in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the third quarter of 2021. The most significant decreases in customer-related line items were in net gains and fees on sales of loans, which decreased $1.4 million due to lower mortgage origination volume, and in derivative hedge fees, which decreased $0.3 million due to the rising interest rate environment. Offsetting these decreases were increases in customer-related line items of $0.9 million in service charges on deposit accounts and $0.6 million in card payment fees, which were primarily due to the larger customer base from the Level One acquisition on April 1, 2022. The $1.6 million decline in other income is primarily due to a $1.9 million write-down of an equity investment in the third quarter of 2022. Net realized gains on sales of available for sale securities decreased $1.3 million in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021.

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

During the first nine months of 2022, non-interest income totaled $83.8 million, a $0.3 million, or 0.4 percent, increase when compared to the same period of 2021. Customer-related line items increased $1.0 million in the first nine months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, with the most significant increases experienced in service charges on deposit accounts, card payment fees, fiduciary and wealth management fees and derivative hedge fees, which totaled $9.3 million. The only customer-related fee line item that experienced a decrease was net gains and fees on sales of loans, which decreased $8.3 million due to lower mortgage origination volume in the first nine months of 2022 compared to the same period in 2021, in addition to the $2.9 million gain on the portfolio mortgage loan sale that occurred in the second quarter of 2021. Gains on life insurance benefits of $5.8 million, increased $4.4 million from the same period of 2021. Net realized gains on sales of available for sale securities decreased $4.2 million in the first nine months of 2022 from the same period in 2021. Finally, a $1.9 million write-down of an equity investment in the third quarter of 2022 primarily contributed to the $1.1 million decrease in other income compared to the same period of 2021.

Details of the acquisition can be found in NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

NON-INTEREST EXPENSE

Non-interest expense totaled $96.4 million for the third quarter of 2022, a $25.0 million, or 35.0 percent, increase from the third quarter of 2021. The Level One acquisition led to a significantly larger franchise and customer base, which resulted in increases in non-interest expense in all categories. Level One operations included $7.8 million of non-interest expenses, which primarily included $5.5 million of salaries and employee benefits and $1.0 million in net occupancy costs. In addition to the increased non-interest expense from Level One operations, acquisition-related expenses recorded in the third quarter of 2022 were $3.4 million and primarily included $1.5 million of core system processing and conversion expenses, $1.2 million in salaries and employee benefits and $368,000 of marketing expenses. In addition to the salary and benefits expense increases related to the acquisition of Level One, merit and incentive expense increases contributed to the overall $12.7 million increase in salaries and benefits for the third quarter compared to the same period of 2021. Additionally, processing expenses increased $2.0 million as loan processing expenses increased due to organic growth and card processing expenses increased due to card issuances for Level One customers and contactless card stock purchases. Other expenses for the Corporation increased $2.5 million and were driven by increased customer-related travel and entertainment expenses, higher mortgage servicing rights amortization and increased customer-related contingent losses. FDIC assessments have increased $1.3 million when compared to the third quarter of 2021 as a result of a larger balance sheet from the Level One acquisition as well as organic growth. Intangible asset amortization increased $840,000 due to the core deposit intangible and non-compete amortization related to the Level One acquisition.

During the first nine months of 2022, non-interest expense totaled $266.0 million, a $59.2 million, or 28.6 percent, increase when compared to the same period in 2021. Level One acquisition-related costs in the first nine months of 2022 totaled $16.1 million, of which $7.5 million was in professional and other outside services, $5.7 million was reflected in salaries and employee benefits, and $2.0 million in equipment expenses and outside data processing expenses. The acquisition-related expenses were primarily contract termination charges, core system conversion expenses, transaction advisory services and employee retention bonuses and severance. Additionally, $13.3 million of post-acquisition non-interest expenses related to Level One operations were recorded during the period, which primarily included $9.4 million in salaries and employee benefits and $2.2 million in net occupancy expenses. In addition to the salary and benefits expense increases related to the acquisition of Level One, merit and incentive expense increases contributed to the overall $30.0 million increase in salaries and employee benefits for the nine months ending September 30, 2022 compared to the same period of 2021. Increases in other expenses of $6.2 million in the first nine months of 2022, over the comparable period in 2021, were driven by increased customer related travel and entertainment expenses, higher customer-related contingent losses, and increased mortgage servicing rights amortization. As the Bank continues to grow both organically and via acquisition, FDIC assessments have increased $3.6 million when compared to the first nine months of 2021. Equipment and outside data processing expenses increased $3.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively, as the Corporation's investment in customer-facing digital solutions in 2022, such as online account origination, resulted in increased software costs when compared to the same period of 2021. Finally, intangible asset amortization increased $1.7 million due to the core deposit intangible and non-compete amortization related to the Level One acquisition.

Details of the acquisition can be found in NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense for the third quarter of 2022 was $9.8 million on pre-tax income of $73.5 million. For the same period in 2021, income tax expense was $9.1 million on pre-tax income of $61.8 million. The effective income tax rates for the third quarter of 2022 and 2021 were 13.3 percent and 14.7 percent, respectively.

Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $20.9 million on pre-tax income of $172.3 million. For the same period in 2021, income tax expense was $28.3 million on pre-tax income of $186.1 million. The effective income tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were 12.2 percent and 15.2 percent, respectively.

The lower effective income tax rate during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 when compared to the same periods in 2021 was primarily the result of an increase in tax-exempt interest income coupled with an increase in tax-exempt earnings and gains on life insurance, which are also non-taxable.

The detailed reconciliation of federal statutory to actual tax expense is shown in NOTE 12. INCOME TAX of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

CAPITAL

Stockholders' Equity - CECL Adjustment

The Corporation adopted the current expected credit losses ("CECL") model for calculating the allowance for credit losses on January 1, 2021. CECL replaces the previous "incurred loss" model for measuring credit losses, which encompassed allowances for current known and inherent losses within the portfolio, with an "expected loss" model for measuring credit losses, which encompasses allowances for losses expected to be incurred over the life of the portfolio. As of the adoption and day one measurement date of January 1, 2021, the Corporation recorded a one-time cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings, net of income taxes, of $68.0 million.

Preferred Stock

As part of the Level One acquisition, each outstanding share of 7.5 percent non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series B, of Level One was converted into the right to receive one share of a newly created 7.5 percent non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, Series A, of First Merchants with a liquidation preference of $2,500 per share. Likewise, each outstanding Level One depositary share representing a 1/100th interest in a share of the Level One preferred stock was converted into a depositary share of the Corporation representing a 1/100th interest in a share of its newly issued preferred stock. The Corporation issued 10,000 shares of Series A preferred stock at the acquisition date resulting in $25.0 million of outstanding preferred stock at September 30, 2022. During the three and nine months ended, the Corporation declared and paid dividends of $46.88 per share (equivalent to $0.4688 per depositary share) equal to $469,000 and $938,000, respectively. The Series A preferred stock qualifies as Tier 1 capital for purposes of the regulatory capital calculations.

Stock Repurchase Program

On January 27, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved a stock repurchase program of up to 3,333,000 shares of the Corporation's outstanding common stock; provided, however, that the total aggregate investment in shares repurchased under the program may not exceed $100,000,000. On a share basis, the amount of common stock subject to the repurchase program represented approximately 6 percent of the Corporation's outstanding shares at the time the program became effective. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Corporation did not repurchase any shares of its common stock pursuant to the repurchase program. As of September 30, 2022, the Corporation had approximately 2.7 million shares at an aggregate value of $74.5 million available to repurchase under the program.

Regulatory Capital

Capital adequacy is an important indicator of financial stability and performance. The Corporation and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies and are assigned to a capital category. The assigned capital category is largely determined by four ratios that are calculated according to the regulations: total risk-based capital, tier 1 risk-based capital, CET1, and tier 1 leverage ratios. The ratios are intended to measure capital relative to assets and credit risk associated with those assets and off-balance sheet exposures of the entity. The capital category assigned to an entity can also be affected by qualitative judgments made by regulatory agencies about the risk inherent in the entity's activities that are not part of the calculated ratios.

There are five capital categories defined in the regulations, ranging from well capitalized to critically undercapitalized. Classification of a bank in any of the undercapitalized categories can result in actions by regulators that could have a material effect on a bank's operations. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total and tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of tier 1 capital to average assets, or leverage ratio, all of which are calculated as defined in the

regulations. Banks with lower capital levels are deemed to be undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized or critically undercapitalized, depending on their actual levels. The appropriate federal regulatory agency may also downgrade a bank to the next lower capital category upon a determination that the bank is in an unsafe or unsound practice. Banks are required to monitor closely their capital levels and to notify their appropriate regulatory agency of any basis for a change in capital category.

Basel III requires the Corporation and the Bank to maintain the minimum capital and leverage ratios as defined in the regulation and as illustrated in the table below, which capital to risk-weighted asset ratios include a 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer. Under Basel III, in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividends, the Corporation must hold a 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized CET1 to risk-weighted assets ratio (which buffer is reflected in the required ratios below). Under Basel III, the Corporation and Bank elected to opt-out of including accumulated other comprehensive income in regulatory capital. As of September 30, 2022, the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to be considered well capitalized under the fully phased-in Basel III capital rules. There is no threshold for well capitalized status for bank holding companies.

As part of a March 27, 2020 joint statement of federal banking regulators, an interim final rule that allowed banking organizations to mitigate the effects of the CECL accounting standard on their regulatory capital was announced. Banking organizations could elect to mitigate the estimated cumulative regulatory capital effects of CECL for up to two years. This two-year delay was to be in addition to the three-year transition period that federal banking regulators had already made available. While the 2021 CAA provided for a further extension of the mandatory adoption of CECL until January 1, 2022, the federal banking regulators elected to not provide a similar extension to the two year mitigation period applicable to regulatory capital effects. Instead, the federal banking regulators require that, in order to utilize the additional two-year delay, banking organizations must have adopted the CECL standard no later than December 31, 2020, as required by the CARES Act. As a result, because implementation of the CECL standard was delayed by the Corporation until January 1, 2021, it began phasing in the cumulative effect of the adoption on its regulatory capital, at a rate of 25 percent per year, over a three-year transition period that began on January 1, 2021. Under that phase-in schedule, the cumulative effect of the adoption will be fully reflected in regulatory capital on January 1, 2024.

Table of Contents

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Corporation's and Bank's actual and required capital ratios as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were as follows:


					Prompt Corrective Action Thresholds
	Actual				Basel III Minimum Capital Required				Well Capitalized
September 30, 2022	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets
First Merchants Corporation	$	1,823,190	12.84	%	$	1,490,625	10.50	%	N/A		N/A
First Merchants Bank	1,767,667		12.44		1,492,462		10.50		$	1,421,392	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
First Merchants Corporation	$	1,501,611	10.58	%	$	1,206,697	8.50	%	N/A		N/A
First Merchants Bank	1,588,961		11.18		1,208,183		8.50		$	1,137,114	8.00	%
CET1 capital to risk-weighted assets
First Merchants Corporation	$	1,476,611	10.40	%	$	993,750	7.00	%	N/A		N/A
First Merchants Bank	1,588,961		11.18		994,974		7.00		$	923,905	6.50	%
Tier 1 capital to average assets
First Merchants Corporation	$	1,501,611	8.81	%	$	682,064	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
First Merchants Bank	1,588,961		9.33		681,024		4.00		$	851,280	5.00	%


					Prompt Corrective Action Thresholds
	Actual				Basel III Minimum Capital Required				Well Capitalized
December 31, 2021	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets
First Merchants Corporation	$	1,582,481	13.92	%	$	1,193,840	10.50	%	N/A		N/A
First Merchants Bank	1,453,358		12.74		1,197,515		10.50		$	1,140,490	10.00	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
First Merchants Corporation	$	1,374,240	12.09	%	$	966,442	8.50	%	N/A		N/A
First Merchants Bank	1,309,685		11.48		969,417		8.50		$	912,392	8.00	%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
First Merchants Corporation	$	1,327,634	11.68	%	$	795,893	7.00	%	N/A		N/A
First Merchants Bank	1,309,685		11.48		798,343		7.00		$	741,319	6.50	%
Tier 1 capital to average assets
First Merchants Corporation	$	1,374,240	9.30	%	$	590,758	4.00	%	N/A		N/A
First Merchants Bank	1,309,685		8.88		589,994		4.00		$	737,493	5.00	%

On April 9, 2020, federal banking regulators issued an interim final rule to modify the Basel III regulatory capital rules applicable to banking

organizations to allow those organizations participating in the PPP to neutralize the regulatory capital effects of participating in the program. The

interim final rule, which became effective April 13, 2020, clarified that PPP loans receive a zero percent risk weight for purposes of determining

risk-weighted assets and the CET1, Tier 1 and Total Risk-Based capital ratios. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, risk-weighted assets included $11.2 million and $106.6 million, respectively, of PPP loans at a zero risk weight.

Management believes that all of the capital ratios are meaningful measurements for evaluating the safety and soundness of the Corporation. Traditionally, the banking regulators have assessed bank and bank holding company capital adequacy based on both the amount and the composition of capital, the calculation of which is prescribed in federal banking regulations. The Federal Reserve focuses its assessment of capital adequacy on a component of Tier 1 capital known as CET1. Because the Federal Reserve has long indicated that voting common shareholders' equity (essentially Tier 1 risk-based capital less preferred stock and non-controlling interest in subsidiaries) generally should be the dominant element in Tier 1 risk-based capital, this focus on CET1 is consistent with existing capital adequacy categories. Tier I regulatory capital consists primarily of total common stockholders’ equity and qualifying non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, less non-qualifying intangible assets and unrealized net securities gains or losses.

Table of Contents

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

A reconciliation of regulatory measures are detailed in the following table for the periods indicated.


	September 30, 2022						December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)	First Merchants Corporation			First Merchants Bank			First Merchants Corporation			First Merchants Bank
Total Risk-Based Capital
Total Stockholders' Equity (GAAP)	$	1,906,666		$	1,995,125		$	1,912,571		$	1,896,393
Adjust for Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Income) Loss (1)	314,089			312,020			(55,113)			(57,352)
Less: Preferred Stock	(25,125)			(125)			(125)			(125)
Add: Qualifying Capital Securities	25,000			—			46,606			—

Less: Disallowed Goodwill and Intangible Assets	(740,780)			(740,332)			(564,002)			(563,554)
Add: Modified CECL Transition Amount	23,028			23,028			34,542			34,542

Less: Disallowed Deferred Tax Assets	(1,267)			(755)			(239)			(219)
Total Tier 1 Capital (Regulatory)	1,501,611			1,588,961			1,374,240			1,309,685
Qualifying Subordinated Debentures	143,089			—			65,000			—
Allowance for Loan Losses Includible in Tier 2 Capital	178,490			178,706			143,241			143,673
Total Risk-Based Capital (Regulatory)	$	1,823,190		$	1,767,667		$	1,582,481		$	1,453,358

Net Risk-Weighted Assets (Regulatory)	$	14,196,430		$	14,213,921		$	11,369,907		$	11,404,902
Average Assets (Regulatory)	$	17,051,604		$	17,025,603		$	14,768,956		$	14,749,855

Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio (Regulatory)	12.84		%	12.44		%	13.92		%	12.74		%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	10.58		%	11.18		%	12.09		%	11.48		%
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets	8.81		%	9.33		%	9.30		%	8.88		%

CET1 Capital Ratio
Total Tier 1 Capital (Regulatory)	$	1,501,611		$	1,588,961		$	1,374,240		$	1,309,685
Less: Qualified Capital Securities	(25,000)			—			(46,606)			—


CET1 Capital (Regulatory)	$	1,476,611		$	1,588,961		$	1,327,634		$	1,309,685

Net Risk-Weighted Assets (Regulatory)	$	14,196,430		$	14,213,921		$	11,369,907		$	11,404,902
CET1 Capital Ratio (Regulatory)	10.40		%	11.18		%	11.68		%	11.48		%

(1) Includes net unrealized gains or losses on available for sale securities, net gains or losses on cash flow hedges, and amounts resulting from the application of the applicable accounting guidance for defined benefit and other postretirement plans.

In management's view, certain non-GAAP financial measures, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures and ratios, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance. We believe investors benefit from referring to these non-GAAP financial measures and ratios in assessing our operating results, related trends and when forecasting future periods. However, these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not a substitute for or preferable to, financial measures and ratios presented in accordance with GAAP.

The Corporation's tangible common equity measures are capital adequacy metrics that are meaningful to the Corporation, as well as analysts and investors, in assessing the Corporation's use of equity and in facilitating period-to-period and company-to-company comparisons. Tangible common equity to tangible assets ratio was 6.66 percent at September 30, 2022, and 9.01 percent at December 31, 2021. The decrease in tangible common equity and tangible assets is primarily due to the decline in mark-to-market values associated with our available for sale investment securities portfolio. At December 31, 2021, the available for sale portfolio had a net unrealized gain of $75.9 million compared to a net unrealized loss of $392.5 million at September 30 2022. This decline in value is due to interest rate changes and not due to credit quality.

Non-GAAP financial measures such as tangible common equity to tangible assets, tangible earnings per share, return on average tangible assets and return on average tangible equity are important measures of the strength of the Corporation's capital and ability to generate earnings on tangible common equity invested by our shareholders. These non-GAAP measures provide useful supplemental information and may assist investors in analyzing the Corporation’s financial position without regard to the effects of intangible assets and preferred stock, but retain the effect of accumulated other comprehensive gains (losses) in shareholder's equity. Disclosure of these measures also allows analysts and banking regulators to assess our capital adequacy on these same bases.

The tables within the “NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES” section of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations reconcile traditional GAAP measures to these non-GAAP financial measures at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Table of Contents

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

LOAN QUALITY AND PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS

The Corporation’s primary lending focus is small business and middle market commercial, commercial real estate, public finance and residential real estate, which results in portfolio diversification. Commercial loans are individually underwritten and judgmentally risk rated. They are periodically monitored and prompt corrective actions are taken on deteriorating loans. Consumer loans are typically underwritten with statistical decision-making tools and are managed throughout their life cycle on a portfolio basis.

Loan Quality

The quality of the loan portfolio and the amount of non-performing loans may increase or decrease as a result of acquisitions, organic portfolio growth, problem loan recognition and resolution through collections, sales or charge-offs. The performance of any loan can be affected by external factors such as economic conditions, or internal factors specific to a particular borrower, such as the actions of a customer's internal management.

At September 30, 2022, non-performing loans totaled $43.7 million, an increase of 312,000 from December 31, 2021. Non-accrual loans totaled $43.5 million at September 30, 2022, an increase of $446,000 from December 31, 2021.

Other real estate owned and repossessions, totaling $6.5 million at September 30, 2022, increased $5.9 million from December 31, 2021. The increase is primarily related to a student housing property with a carrying value of $5.8 million. For other real estate owned, current appraisals are obtained to determine fair value as management continues to aggressively market these real estate assets.

According to applicable accounting guidance, loans that no longer exhibit similar risk characteristics are evaluated individually to determine if there is a need for a specific reserve. Commercial loans under $500,000 and consumer loans, with the exception of troubled debt restructures, are not individually evaluated. The determination for individual evaluation is made based on current information or events that may suggest it is probable that not all amounts due of principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement, will be substantially collected.

The Corporation's non-performing assets plus accruing loans 90 days or more delinquent and individually evaluated loans are presented in the table below.


(Dollars in Thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Non-Performing Assets:
Non-accrual loans	$	43,508	$	43,062
Renegotiated loans	195		329
Non-performing loans (NPL)	43,703		43,391
OREO and Repossessions	6,454		558
Non-performing assets (NPA)	50,157		43,949
Loans 90-days or more delinquent and still accruing	764		963
NPAs and loans 90-days or more delinquent	$	50,921	$	44,912

The non-accrual balances in the table above include troubled debt restructures totaling $11.7 million and $13.7 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The total balance for both periods is primarily related to one loan that became a troubled debt restructure in 2021 and had a balance of $10.7 million as of September 30, 2022.

The composition of non-performing assets plus accruing loans 90-days or more delinquent is reflected in the following table by loan class.


(Dollars in Thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Non-performing assets and loans 90-days or more delinquent:
Commercial and industrial loans	$	3,086	$	8,273
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers	57		631
Real estate loans:
Construction	570		885
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied	26,125		23,125
Commercial real estate, owner occupied	4,997		432
Residential	11,305		9,723
Home equity	4,771		1,840
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	10		3

Non-performing assets and loans 90-days or more delinquent:	$	50,921	$	44,912

Table of Contents

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The CARES Act, as amended by the 2021 CAA, allowed banks to suspend requirements under GAAP, effectively, through January 1, 2022, for certain loan modifications related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The federal banking agencies also issued guidance to encourage banks to make loan modifications for borrowers affected by COVID-19 or offer other borrower friendly options. In accordance with such guidance, the Bank made various short-term modifications for borrowers who were current and otherwise not past due. These included short-term, 180 days or less, modifications in the form of payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that were insignificant. At September 30, 2022, the Corporation did not have any outstanding COVID modifications, compared to $15.4 million on 14 loans at September 30, 2021.

Provision and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The Corporation adopted FASB Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("CECL") on January 1, 2021. CECL replaces the previous "incurred loss" model with an "expected loss" model of measuring credit losses, which encompasses allowances for losses expected to be incurred over the life of the portfolio. The new CECL model requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost based on historical experiences, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. CECL also requires enhanced disclosures related to the significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization's portfolio. Additional details of the Corporation's CECL methodology and allowance calculation are discussed within NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The CECL allowance is maintained through the provision for credit losses, which is a charge against earnings. Based on management’s judgment as to the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses, the amount provided in any period may be greater or less than net loan losses for the same period. The determination of the provision amount and the adequacy of the allowance in any period is based on management’s continuing review and evaluation of the loan portfolio.

The Corporation’s total loan balance increased $2.4 billion from December 31, 2021 to $11.7 billion at September 30, 2022. The acquisition of Level One added $1.6 billion to the total loan balance. PPP loans accounted for $11.2 million of the total loan balance at September 30, 2022 and $106.6 million at December 31, 2021. At September 30, 2022, the allowance for credit losses totaled $226.7 million, which represents an increase of $31.3 million from December 31, 2021. The acquisition of Level One added $16.6 million in allowance for PCD loans and an additional $14.0 million in provision for credit losses on non-PCD loans. As a percentage of loans, the allowance for credit losses was 1.94 percent at September 30, 2022 compared to 2.11 percent at December 31, 2021.

The extent to which COVID-19 continues to impact the Corporation’s loan portfolio will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict, including, but not limited to, the duration and severity of the pandemic, the potential for seasonal or other resurgences, actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties to contain and treat the virus, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions resume. The impact on the Corporation's loan portfolio appears to be slowly receding. The Corporation deems the current estimate for loan portfolio credit exposure as appropriate.

There was no provision for credit losses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and $16.8 million in provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The provision is entirely due to the acquisition of Level One. There was no provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. Net recoveries totaling $427,000 and $751,000, respectively, were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Net recoveries totaling $197,000 and net charge offs of $4.7 million were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were no individual charge-offs greater than $500,000. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, there was one individual recovery greater than $500,000 that totaled $515,000. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, there were two individual recoveries greater than $500,000 that totaled $1.2 million. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, there were no individual charge-offs or recoveries greater than $500,000. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, there were no individual recoveries greater than $500,000, but there were three individual charge-offs greater than $500,000 that totaled $4.3 million. The distribution of the net charge-offs (recoveries) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are reflected in the following table.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in Thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net charge-offs (recoveries):
Commercial and industrial loans	$	225	$	14	$	239	$	618
Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers	—		(81)		(4)		(57)
Real estate loans:
Construction	(824)		4		(824)		5
Commercial real estate, non-owner occupied	(171)		(232)		(68)		3,263
Commercial real estate, owner occupied	(16)		(23)		(905)		633
Residential	(77)		(73)		(55)		(72)
Home equity	264		63		235		106
Individuals' loans for household and other personal expenditures	172		131		631		235

Total net charge-offs (recoveries)	$	(427)	$	(197)	$	(751)	$	4,731

Table of Contents

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management continually evaluates the commercial loan portfolio by including consideration of specific borrower cash flow analysis and estimated collateral values, types and amounts on non-performing loans, past and anticipated credit loss experience, changes in the composition of the loan portfolio, and the current condition and amount of loans outstanding. The determination of the provision for credit losses in any period is based on management’s continuing review and evaluation of the loan portfolio, and its judgment as to the impact of current economic conditions on the portfolio.

LIQUIDITY

Liquidity management is the process by which the Corporation ensures that adequate liquid funds are available for the holding company and its subsidiaries. These funds are necessary in order to meet financial commitments on a timely basis. These commitments include withdrawals by depositors, funding credit obligations to borrowers, paying dividends to stockholders, paying operating expenses, funding capital expenditures, and maintaining deposit reserve requirements. Liquidity is monitored and closely managed by the asset/liability committee.

The Corporation’s liquidity is dependent upon the receipt of dividends from the Bank, which is subject to certain regulatory limitations and access to other funding sources. Liquidity of the Bank is derived primarily from core deposit growth, principal payments received on loans, the sale and maturity of investment securities, net cash provided by operating activities, and access to other funding sources.

The principal source of asset-funded liquidity is investment securities classified as available for sale, the market values of which totaled $2.0 billion at September 30, 2022, a decrease of $360.6 million, or 15.4 percent, from December 31, 2021. Securities classified as held to maturity that are maturing within a short period of time can also be a source of liquidity. Securities classified as held to maturity and that are maturing in one year or less totaled $6.4 million at September 30, 2022. In addition, other types of assets such as cash and interest-bearing deposits with other banks, federal funds sold and loans maturing within one year are sources of liquidity.

The most stable source of liability-funded liquidity for both the long-term and short-term is deposit growth and retention in the core deposit base. Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are also considered a source of liquidity. In addition, FHLB advances are utilized as a funding source. At September 30, 2022, total borrowings from the FHLB were $643.8 million. The Bank has pledged certain mortgage loans and investments to the FHLB. The total available remaining borrowing capacity from the FHLB at September 30, 2022 was $802.4 million.

The Corporation and the Bank receive outside credit ratings from Moody's. Both the Corporation and the Bank currently have Issuer Ratings of Baa1 with a Rating Outlook of Stable. Additionally, the Bank has a Baseline Credit Assessment Rating of a3. Management considers these ratings to be indications of a sound capital base and strong liquidity and believes that these ratings would help ensure the ready marketability of its commercial paper. Because of the Corporation's and Bank's current levels of long-term debt, management believes it could generate additional liquidity from various sources should the need arise.

The following table presents the Corporation's material cash requirements from known contractual and other obligations at September 30, 2022:


	Payments Due In
(Dollars in Thousands)	One Year or Less		Over One Year		Total
Deposits without stated maturity	$	13,589,440	$	—	$	13,589,440
Certificates and other time deposits	706,955		138,430		845,385
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	194,482		—		194,482
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	430,097		213,672		643,769
Federal Funds Purchased	185,000		—		185,000
Subordinated debentures and term loans	1,200		150,101		151,301
Total	$	15,107,174	$	502,203	$	15,609,377

Also, in the normal course of business, the Bank is a party to a number of other off-balance sheet activities that contain credit, market and operational risk that are not reflected in whole or in part in our consolidated financial statements. These activities primarily consist of traditional off-balance sheet credit-related financial instruments such as loan commitments and standby letters of credit.

Summarized credit-related financial instruments at September 30, 2022 are as follows:


(Dollars in Thousands)	September 30, 2022
Amounts of commitments:
Loan commitments to extend credit	$	4,764,847
Standby and commercial letters of credit	43,239
	$	4,808,086

Since many of the commitments are expected to expire unused or be only partially used, the total amount of unused commitments in the preceding table does not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

Table of Contents

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

INTEREST SENSITIVITY AND DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

Asset/Liability management has been an important factor in the Corporation's ability to record consistent earnings growth through periods of interest rate volatility and product deregulation. Management and the Board of Directors monitor the Corporation's liquidity and interest sensitivity positions at regular meetings to review how changes in interest rates may affect earnings. Decisions regarding investment and the pricing of loan and deposit products are made after analysis of reports designed to measure liquidity, rate sensitivity, the Corporation’s exposure to changes in net interest income given various rate scenarios and the economic and competitive environments.

It is the objective of the Corporation to monitor and manage risk exposure to net interest income caused by changes in interest rates. It is the goal of the Corporation’s Asset/Liability management function to provide optimum and stable net interest income. To accomplish this, management uses two asset liability tools. GAP/Interest Rate Sensitivity Reports and Net Interest Income Simulation Modeling are constructed, presented and monitored quarterly. Management believes that the Corporation's liquidity and interest sensitivity position at September 30, 2022, remained adequate to meet the Corporation’s primary goal of achieving optimum interest margins while avoiding undue interest rate risk.

Net interest income simulation modeling, or earnings-at-risk, measures the sensitivity of net interest income to various interest rate movements. The Corporation's asset liability process monitors simulated net interest income under three separate interest rate scenarios; base, rising and falling. Estimated net interest income for each scenario is calculated over a twelve-month horizon. The immediate and parallel changes to the base case scenario used in the model are presented below. The interest rate scenarios are used for analytical purposes and do not necessarily represent management's view of future market movements. Rather, these are intended to provide a measure of the degree of volatility interest rate movements may introduce into the earnings of the Corporation.

The base scenario is highly dependent on numerous assumptions embedded in the model, including assumptions related to future interest rates. While the base sensitivity analysis incorporates management's best estimate of interest rate and balance sheet dynamics under various market rate movements, the actual behavior and resulting earnings impact will likely differ from that projected. For certain assets, the base simulation model captures the expected prepayment behavior under changing interest rate environments. Assumptions and methodologies regarding the interest rate or balance behavior of indeterminate maturity products, such as savings, money market, interest-bearing and demand deposits, reflect management's best estimate of expected future behavior. Historical retention rate assumptions are applied to non-maturity deposits for modeling purposes.

The comparative rising 200 basis points and falling 100 basis points scenarios below, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, assume further interest rate changes in addition to the base simulation discussed above. These changes are immediate and parallel changes to the base case scenario.

Results for the rising 200 basis points, and falling 100 basis points interest rate scenarios are listed below based upon the Corporation’s rate sensitive assets and liabilities at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The change from the base scenario represents cumulative net interest income over a twelve-month time horizon. Balance sheet assumptions used for the base scenario are the same for the rising and falling simulations.


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Rising 200 basis points from base case	2.4	%	1.4	%
Falling 100 basis points from base case	(3.0)	%	(0.9)	%

EARNING ASSETS

The following table presents the earning asset mix as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Earning assets increased by $1.9 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The April 1, 2022 acquisition of Level One contributed to increases in several categories. Additional details of the Level One acquisition can be found in NOTE 2. ACQUISITIONS, of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Interest bearing deposits decreased $294.6 million from December 31, 2021 to September 30, 2022 as excess liquidity was used to fund organic loan growth.

Total investment securities decreased $229.6 million from December 31, 2021. The net unrealized gain on the Corporation's available for sale investment securities portfolio of $75.9 million at December 31, 2021 changed to a net unrealized loss of $392.5 million as of September 30, 2022. The change to a net unrealized loss position was due to changes in interest rates and not credit quality. Additional details of the changes in the Corporation's investment securities portfolio are discussed within NOTE 3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Table of Contents

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The Corporation's total loan portfolio increased $2.4 billion from December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2022, the Corporation's PPP loan portfolio, which included PPP loans from Level One, were primarily in the commercial and industrial loans class and totaled $11.2 million, a decrease of $138.8 million from the December 31, 2021 balance of $106.6 million plus the additional $43.5 million from Level One. Excluding the decline in PPP loans and the effect of Level One's acquired loans at acquisition date, the Corporation experienced organic loan growth of $923.9 million, or 13.5 percent on an annualized basis since December 31, 2021. The loan classes that experienced the largest increases from December 31, 2021 were residential real estate, commercial and industrial loans, construction real estate, commercial real estate (owner occupied) and commercial real estate (non-owner occupied). Agricultural land, production and other loans to farmers was the only loan class that experienced a decrease from December 31, 2021. Additional details of the changes in the Corporation's loans are discussed within NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the "LOAN QUALITY AND PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS" section of this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock increased $9.3 million from December 31,2021. The Level One acquisition contributed $11.7 million to the increase which was decreased by the Corporation repurchase of excess stock of $2.4 million.


(Dollars in Thousands)	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Interest-bearing deposits	$	179,593	$	474,154
Investment securities available for sale	1,983,972		2,344,551
Investment securities held to maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of $245,000 and $245,000	2,310,796		2,179,802
Loans held for sale	25,394		11,187
Loans	11,650,002		9,241,861
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	38,056		28,736
Total	$	16,187,813	$	14,280,291

OTHER

The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a web site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the Commission, including the Corporation, and that address is (http://www.sec.gov).

Table of Contents

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE

DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The information required under this item is included as part of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, under the headings “LIQUIDITY” and “INTEREST SENSITIVITY AND DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK”.

Table of Contents

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

At the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.

There have been no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation discussed above that occurred during the Corporation’s last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1., ITEM 1A., ITEM 2., ITEM 3., ITEM 4. AND ITEM 5.

(table dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

There are no pending legal proceedings, other than litigation incidental to the ordinary business of the Corporation or its subsidiaries, of a material nature to which the Corporation or its subsidiaries is a party or of which any of their properties is subject. Further, there are no material legal proceedings in which any director, officer, principal shareholder, or affiliate of the Corporation, or any associate of any such director, officer or principal shareholder, is a party, or has a material interest, adverse to the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries.

None of the routine legal proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, in which the Corporation or its affiliates are involved are expected to have a material adverse impact on the financial position or the results of operations of the Corporation.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

a. None

b. None

c. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table presents information relating to our purchases of equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2022.


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as part of Publicly announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number of Shares that may yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
July, 2022	—	$	—	—	2,686,898
August, 2022	36,939	$	41.19	—	2,686,898
September, 2022	1,708	$	39.69	—	2,686,898
Total	38,647			—

(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2022, there were no shares repurchased pursuant to the Corporation's share repurchase program described in note (2) below. The share repurchases in August and September 2022 represent shares repurchased pursuant to net settlement by employees in satisfaction of income tax withholding obligations incurred through the vesting of the Corporation's restricted stock awards and are not a part of the Corporation's share repurchase program described in note (2) below..

(2) On January 27, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Corporation approved a stock repurchase program of up to 3,333,000 shares of the Corporation's outstanding common stock; provided, however, that the total aggregate investment in shares repurchased under the program may not exceed $100,000,000. The program does not have an expiration date. However, it may be discontinued by the Board at any time. Since commencing the program, the Corporation has repurchased a total of 646,102 shares of common stock for a total aggregate investment of $25,443,391.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

a. None

b. None

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PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit No:			Description of Exhibits:

3.1			First Merchants Corporation Articles of Incorporation, as amended (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of registrant’s Form 8-K filed on March 24, 2022) (SEC No. 000-17071)
3.2			Bylaws of First Merchants Corporation effective as of June 22, 2022 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of registrant’s Form 8-K filed on June 23, 2022) (SEC No. 001-41342)
4.1			First Merchants Corporation Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of First Merchants Capital Trust II dated as of July 2, 2007 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of registrant's Form 8-K filed on July 3, 2007) (SEC No. 000-17071)
4.2			Indenture dated as of July 2, 2007 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of registrant's Form 8-K filed on July 3, 2007) (SEC No. 000-17071)
4.3			Guarantee Agreement dated as of July 2, 2007 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of registrant's Form 8-K filed on July 3, 2007) (SEC No. 000-17071)
4.4			Form of Capital Securities Certification of First Merchants Capital Trust II (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 of registrant's Form 8-K filed on July 3, 2007) (SEC No. 000-17071)
4.5			First Merchants Corporation Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (Incorporated by reference to registrant’s Prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) on July 17, 2020) (SEC No. 333-229527)
4.6			Upon request, the registrant agrees to furnish supplementally to the Commission a copy of the instruments defining the rights of holders of its (a) 5.00% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Senior Notes due 2028 in the aggregate principal amount of $5 million and (b) 6.75% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2028 in aggregate principal amount of $65 million.
4.7			Deposit Agreement by and among First Merchants Corporation, Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc., as depositary, and holders from time to time of the depositary receipts described therein, as amended on March 30, 2022 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of registrant’s Form 8-A filed on March 30, 2022) (SEC No. 001-41342)
4.8			Form of Depositary Receipt (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of registrant’s Form 8-A filed on March 30, 2022) (SEC No. 001-41342)
4.9			Indenture, dated as of December 18, 2019, between First Merchants Corporation (as successor to Level One Bancorp, Inc.) and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Level One Bancorp, Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on December 19, 2019) (SEC No. 001-38458)
4.10			First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 31, 2022, among First Merchants Corporation, Level One Bancorp, Inc. and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (2)
4.11			Form of 4.75% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2029 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Level One Bancorp, Inc.’s Form 8-K filed on December 19, 2019) (SEC No. 001-38458)
31.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes - Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002 (1)
31.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes - Oxley Act of 2002 (1)
32			Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (2)
101.INS			Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document (1)
101.SCH			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (1)
101.CAL			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (1)
101.DEF			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (1)
101.LAB			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (1)
101.PRE			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (1)
104			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and included in Exhibit 101)

(1)			Filed herewith.
(2)			Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


			First Merchants Corporation
			(Registrant)


November 9, 2022			by /s/ Mark K. Hardwick
			Mark K. Hardwick
			Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

November 9, 2022			by /s/ Michele M. Kawiecki
			Michele M. Kawiecki
			Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)