GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INC - Quarter Report: 2016 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2016



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

	Commission File Number: 1-12911

GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED



State of Incorporation:	I.R.S. Employer Identification Number:
Delaware	77-0239383

Address of principal executive offices:

585 W. Beach Street

Watsonville, California 95076

(831) 724-1011

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. xYes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). xYes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer x	Accelerated filer o	Non-accelerated filer o	Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes x No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of April 26, 2016.



Class		Outstanding
Common Stock, $0.01 par value		39,573,479

Index



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
	Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015
		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 and 2015
		Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures
	Item 5.	Other Information
	Item 6.	Exhibits
SIGNATURES
EXHIBIT 31.1
EXHIBIT 31.2
EXHIBIT 32
EXHIBIT 95
EXHIBIT 101.INS
EXHIBIT 101.SCH
EXHIBIT 101.CAL
EXHIBIT 101.DEF
EXHIBIT 101.LAB
EXHIBIT 101.PRE

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited - in thousands, except share and per share data)
	March 31, 2016			December 31, 2015			March 31, 2015
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents ($46,993, $46,210 and $52,884 related to consolidated construction joint ventures (“CCJVs”))	$	198,298		$	252,836		$	239,403
Short-term marketable securities	43,001			25,043			19,282
Receivables, net ($51,431, $45,734 and $39,711 related to CCJVs)	307,483			340,822			271,328
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings	76,972			59,070			56,907
Inventories	59,444			55,553			64,636
Equity in construction joint ventures	240,480			224,689			197,570
Other current assets ($5,185, $4,863 and $2,510 related to CCJVs)	37,100			26,985			38,102
Total current assets	962,778			984,998			887,228
Property and equipment, net ($12,925, $5,378 and $9,729 related to CCJVs)	398,750			385,129			399,910
Long-term marketable securities	72,653			80,652			80,522
Investments in affiliates	34,619			33,182			32,031
Goodwill	53,799			53,799			53,799
Deferred income taxes, net	5,119			4,329			32,616
Other noncurrent assets	84,512			84,789			76,237
Total assets	$	1,612,230		$	1,626,878		$	1,562,343

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	14,795		$	14,800		$	22
Accounts payable ($16,309, $11,909 and $14,960 related to CCJVs)	139,215			157,571			121,013
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings ($23,538, $15,768 and $29,963 related to CCJVs)	89,188			92,515			95,328
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities ($1,442, $1,171 and $1,530 related to CCJVs)	226,276			200,935			231,690
Total current liabilities	469,474			465,821			448,053
Long-term debt	243,099			244,323			269,535
Other long-term liabilities	43,913			46,613			42,058
Commitments and contingencies
Equity
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 3,000,000 shares, none outstanding	—			—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 150,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding: 39,563,620 shares as of March 31, 2016, 39,412,877 shares as of December 31, 2015 and 39,342,647 shares as of March 31, 2015	396			394			393
Additional paid-in capital	145,663			140,912			134,894
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,569		)	(1,500		)	(932		)
Retained earnings	683,037			699,431			645,931
Total Granite Construction Incorporated shareholders’ equity	827,527			839,237			780,286
Non-controlling interests	28,217			30,884			22,411
Total equity	855,744			870,121			802,697
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,612,230		$	1,626,878		$	1,562,343

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited - in thousands, except per share data)
Three Months Ended March 31,	2016			2015
Revenue
Construction	$	209,487		$	188,520
Large Project Construction	195,449			190,305
Construction Materials	34,516			41,424
Total revenue	439,452			420,249
Cost of revenue
Construction	182,554			167,925
Large Project Construction	181,944			172,769
Construction Materials	35,709			40,626
Total cost of revenue	400,207			381,320
Gross profit	39,245			38,929
Selling, general and administrative expenses	56,133			51,023
Gain on sales of property and equipment	(600		)	(811		)
Operating loss	(16,288		)	(11,283		)
Other (income) expense
Interest income	(836		)	(442		)
Interest expense	3,049			3,496
Equity in (income) loss of affiliates	(1,442		)	63
Other income, net	(1,372		)	(1,284		)
Total other (income) expense	(601		)	1,833
Loss before benefit from income taxes	(15,687		)	(13,116		)
Benefit from income taxes	(5,177		)	(4,506		)
Net loss	(10,510		)	(8,610		)
Amount attributable to non-controlling interests	(678		)	50
Net loss attributable to Granite Construction Incorporated	$	(11,188	)	$	(8,560	)

Net loss per share attributable to common shareholders (see Note 11)
Basic	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.22	)
Diluted	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.22	)
Weighted average shares of common stock
Basic	39,433			39,215
Diluted	39,433			39,215
Dividends per common share	$	0.13		$	0.13

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Unaudited - in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,	2016			2015
Net loss	$	(10,510	)	$	(8,610	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net unrealized loss on derivatives	(891		)	—
Foreign currency translation adjustments	822			(529		)
Other comprehensive loss	(69		)	(529		)
Comprehensive loss	(10,579		)	(9,139		)
Non-controlling interests in comprehensive loss	(678		)	50
Comprehensive loss attributable to Granite	$	(11,257	)	$	(9,089	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited - in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,	2016			2015
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(10,510	)	$	(8,610	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	13,736			15,627
Gain on sales of property and equipment	(600		)	(811		)
Stock-based compensation	5,985			3,163
Equity in net income from unconsolidated joint ventures	(8,538		)	(11,271		)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Receivables	33,358			36,662
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings, net	(21,793		)	(29,366		)
Inventories	(3,891		)	4,284
Contributions to unconsolidated construction joint ventures	(2,715		)	(20,000		)
Distributions from unconsolidated construction joint ventures	4,512			21,170
Other assets	(12,448		)	(3,319		)
Accounts payable	(22,081		)	(28,609		)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	14,551			14,162
Net cash used in operating activities	(10,434		)	(6,918		)
Investing activities
Purchases of marketable securities	(19,948		)	(9,988		)
Maturities of marketable securities	5,000			10,000
Proceeds from called marketable securities	5,000			5,000
Purchases of property and equipment	(24,565		)	(7,607		)
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment	772			1,089
Other investing activities, net	(274		)	383
Net cash used in investing activities	(34,015		)	(1,123		)
Financing activities
Long-term debt principal repayments	(1,250		)	(306		)
Cash dividends paid	(5,124		)	(5,094		)
Repurchases of common stock	(4,459		)	(3,191		)
Other financing activities, net	744			74
Net cash used in financing activities	(10,089		)	(8,517		)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(54,538		)	(16,558		)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	252,836			255,961
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	198,298		$	239,403



Supplementary Information
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	588		$	612
Income taxes	6,138			202
Other non-cash operating activities:
Performance guarantees	$	11,870		$	4,736
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Restricted stock units issued, net of forfeitures	$	20,164		$	5,281
Accrued cash dividends	5,143			5,115
Accrued equipment purchases	(3,725		)	2,313

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)


1.	Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by Granite Construction Incorporated (“we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company” or “Granite”) and are unaudited, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. Further, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary to state fairly our financial position at March 31, 2016 and 2015 and the results of our operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The December 31, 2015 condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

Our operations are typically affected more by weather conditions during the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year which may alter our construction schedules and can create variability in our revenues and profitability. Therefore, the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

We prepared the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements on the same basis as our annual consolidated financial statements, except for the addition of the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss. In addition, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810), ASU No. 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, ASU 2015-05, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40) and ASU No. 2015-15, Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements none of which had a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications have been made to prior periods to conform to current year presentation.


2.	Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which provides guidance for revenue recognition and allows for both retrospective and prospective methods of adoption. This ASU’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which deferred the effective date by one year to December 15, 2017 for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after that date. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net) which requires an entity to determine whether the nature of its promise is to provide a good or service to the customer (i.e., the entity is a principal) or to arrange for the good or service to be provided to the customer by the other party (i.e., the entity is an agent). In April, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which clarifies the following two aspects of Topic 606: (a) identifying performance obligations; and (b) the licensing implementation guidance. The amendments do not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU 2014-09. These ASUs will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2018. We are currently assessing the potential impact of these ASUs on our consolidated financial statements.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which, among other things, eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet. This ASU will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2017. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (a) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (b) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The ASU will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2019. We are currently assessing the potential impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-05, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships, which clarifies that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as a hedging instrument does not, in and of itself, require de-designation of that hedging relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria continue to be met. This ASU will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2017. We do not expect any changes in the counterparty to our cash flow hedge and therefore do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This ASU identifies areas for simplification involving several aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, an option to recognize gross stock compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, as well as certain classifications on the statement of cash flows. This ASU will be effective commencing with our quarter ending March 31, 2017. We are currently assessing the potential impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.


3.	Revisions in Estimates

Our profit recognition related to construction contracts is based on estimates of costs to complete each project. These estimates can vary significantly in the normal course of business as projects progress, circumstances develop and evolve, and uncertainties are resolved. When we experience significant changes in our estimates of costs to complete, we undergo a process that includes reviewing the nature of the changes to ensure that there are no material amounts that should have been recorded in a prior period rather than as revisions in estimates for the current period. In our review of these changes for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, we did not identify any material amounts that should have been recorded in a prior period. We use the cumulative catch-up method applicable to construction contract accounting to account for revisions in estimates. Under this method, revisions in estimates are accounted for in their entirety in the period of change. There can be no assurance that we will not experience further changes in circumstances or otherwise be required to further revise our cost estimates.

Revenue in an amount equal to cost incurred is recognized if there is not sufficient information to determine the estimated profit on the project with a reasonable level of certainty. The gross profit impact from projects that reached initial profit recognition is not considered to be a change in estimate for purposes of the tables below, and is therefore excluded. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the gross profit impact from projects reaching initial profit recognition was $4.5 million and $7.6 million, respectively. Included within the revisions in estimates for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, is an increase in revenue and gross profit of $2.8 million and $9.7 million, respectively, related to the estimated recovery of affirmative claims.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

Construction

The changes in project profitability from revisions in estimates that individually had an impact of $1.0 million or more on gross profit were net increases of $1.7 million and $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There were no decreases in project profitability from revisions in estimates that individually had an impact of $1.0 million or more on gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. The projects are summarized as follows:

Increases



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)		2016		2015
Number of projects with upward estimate changes		1		3
Range of increase in gross profit from each project, net	$	1.7	$	1.0 - 2.2
Increase on project profitability	$	1.7	$	4.8

The increase during the three months ended March 31, 2016 was due to the settlement of an outstanding claim. The increases during the three months ended March 31, 2015 were due to estimated cost recovery from claims.

Large Project Construction

The net changes in project profitability from revisions in estimates, both increases and decreases, that individually had an impact of $1.0 million or more on gross profit were net decreases of $2.8 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There were no amounts attributable to non-controlling interests for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and the amounts attributable to non-controlling interests were $0.5 million of the net decrease for three months ended March 31, 2015. The projects are summarized as follows:

Increases



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)		2016		2015
Number of projects with upward estimate changes		2		2
Range of increase in gross profit from each project, net	$	1.0 - 1.4	$	1.1 - 1.9
Increase on project profitability	$	2.4	$	3.0

The increases during the three months ended March 31, 2016 were due to owner-directed scope changes. The increases during the three months ended March 31, 2015 were due to estimated cost recovery from claims.

Decreases



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)		2016		2015
Number of projects with downward estimate changes		2		3
Range of reduction in gross profit from each project, net	$	2.1 - 3.1	$	1.1 - 1.4
Decrease on project profitability	$	5.2	$	3.8

The decreases during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were due to additional costs and lower productivity than originally anticipated.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)


4.	Marketable Securities

All marketable securities were classified as held-to-maturity as of the dates presented and the carrying amounts of held-to-maturity securities were as follows:



(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		March 31, 2015
U.S. Government and agency obligations	$	23,024	$	15,051	$	9,290
Commercial paper	19,977		9,992		9,992
Total short-term marketable securities	43,001		25,043		19,282
U.S. Government and agency obligations	72,653		80,652		80,522
Total long-term marketable securities	72,653		80,652		80,522
Total marketable securities	$	115,654	$	105,695	$	99,804

Scheduled maturities of held-to-maturity investments were as follows:



(in thousands)	March 31, 2016
Due within one year	$	43,001
Due in one to five years	72,653
Total	$	115,654


5.	Fair Value Measurement

We measure our cash equivalents and interest rate and commodity swap derivative contracts at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis. The carrying values of receivables, other current assets, and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, we did not record any fair value adjustments related to nonfinancial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The following tables summarize our cash equivalents by significant investment categories (in thousands):



	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
March 31, 2016	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	46,094	$	—	$	—	$	46,094
Total assets	$	46,094	$	—	$	—	$	46,094



	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
December 31, 2015	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	62,024	$	—	$	—	$	62,024
Total assets	$	62,024	$	—	$	—	$	62,024



	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
March 31, 2015	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	54,709	$	—	$	—	$	54,709
Total assets	$	54,709	$	—	$	—	$	54,709

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

A reconciliation of cash equivalents to consolidated cash and cash equivalents is as follows:



(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		March 31, 2015
Cash equivalents	$	46,094	$	62,024	$	54,709
Cash	152,204		190,812		184,694
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	198,298	$	252,836	$	239,403

Derivatives

We recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value using Level 2 inputs.

Interest Rate Swaps

In January 2016, we entered into an interest rate swap designated as a cash flow hedge with an effective date of April 29, 2016 and an initial notional amount of $98.8 million. This interest rate swap matures in October 2020. The interest rate swap is designed to convert the interest rate on the term loan described in Note 10 from a variable rate of interest of LIBOR plus an applicable margin to a fixed rate of 1.47% plus the same applicable margin. As of March 31, 2016, the fair value of the cash flow hedge was $1.5 million and was included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the loss, net of taxes, on the effective portion was $0.9 million that was reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and there was no ineffective portion. As of March 31, 2016, there was no interest expense associated with the swap and we estimate $0.7 million to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into pre-tax earnings within the next twelve months.

In March 2014, we entered into an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $100.0 million which matures in June 2018 designed to convert the interest rate of our 2019 Notes (defined in Note 10) from a fixed rate of 6.11% to a variable rate of 4.15% plus six-month LIBOR. As of March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015, the fair value of the interest rate swap was $1.9 million, $0.6 million and $1.7 million and was included in other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, net gains were $1.3 million and $1.3 million and were included in other income, net on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Other Derivatives

In March 2014, we entered into two diesel commodity swaps covering the periods from May 2014 to October 2014 and from May 2015 to October 2015 which represented roughly 25% of our forecasted purchases for diesel during these periods. In May 2014, we entered into two natural gas commodity swaps covering the periods from June 2014 to October 2014 and from May 2015 to October 2015 representing roughly 25% of our forecasted purchases of natural gas during these periods. As of March 31, 2015, the fair value of the commodity swap was $1.9 million and was included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we recorded net losses of $0.2 million that were included in other (income) expense, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

Other Assets and Liabilities

The carrying values and estimated fair values of our financial instruments that are not required to be recorded at fair value in the condensed consolidated balance sheets are as follows:



		March 31, 2016				December 31, 2015				March 31, 2015
(in thousands)	Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Assets:
Held-to-maturity marketable securities	Level 1	$	115,654	$	115,692	$	105,695	$	105,336	$	99,804	$	99,811
Liabilities (including current maturities):
2019 Notes¹	Level 3	$	160,000	$	169,744	$	160,000	$	165,731	$	200,000	$	222,973
Credit Agreement loan¹	Level 3	98,750		99,316		100,000		99,375		70,000		70,391

¹The fair values of the 2019 Notes and Credit Agreement (defined in Note 10) loan are based on borrowing rates available to us for long-term loans with similar terms, average maturities, and credit risk.


6.	Receivables, net



(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		March 31, 2015
Construction contracts:
Completed and in progress	$	178,974	$	206,756	$	163,671
Retentions	93,495		91,670		74,718
Total construction contracts	272,469		298,426		238,389
Construction Material sales	23,392		28,727		26,776
Other	11,940		14,033		6,504
Total gross receivables	307,801		341,186		271,669
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts	318		364		341
Total net receivables	$	307,483	$	340,822	$	271,328

Receivables include amounts billed and billable to clients for services provided as of the end of the applicable period and, except for escrow receivables, do not bear interest. To the extent costs have not been billed or are not contractually billable, such as claim recovery estimates, the contract balance is included in costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings, billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings or in equity in construction joint ventures on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015, claim recovery estimates were included in these balances and combined were approximately $56.1 million, $48.5 million and $9.7 million, respectively. Ultimate settlement with the customer is dependent on the claims resolution process and could extend beyond one year or the project operating cycle. Included in other receivables at March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015 were items such as back charges, notes receivable, fuel tax refunds, receivables from vendors and income tax refunds. No such receivables individually exceeded 10% of total net receivables at any of these dates.

Certain construction contracts include retainage provisions and the associated retention receivables are considered financing receivables. The balances billed but not paid by customers pursuant to these provisions generally become due upon completion and acceptance of the project work or products by the owners. No retention receivable individually exceeded 10% of total net receivables at any of the presented dates. As of March 31, 2016, the majority of the retentions receivable are expected to be collected within one year.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

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We segregate our retention receivables into two categories: escrow and non-escrow. The balances in each category were as follows:



(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		March 31, 2015
Escrow	$	21,015	$	21,958	$	22,421
Non-escrow	72,480		69,712		52,297
Total retention receivables	$	93,495	$	91,670	$	74,718

The escrow receivables include amounts due to Granite which have been deposited into an escrow account and bear interest. Typically, escrow retention receivables are held until work on a project is complete and has been accepted by the owner who then releases those funds, along with accrued interest, to us. There is minimal risk of not collecting on these amounts.

As of all periods presented, our allowance for doubtful accounts contained no material provision related to non-escrow retention receivables as we determined there were no significant collectability issues.


7.	Construction Joint Ventures

We participate in various construction joint ventures, partnerships and a limited liability company of which we are a limited member (“joint ventures”).

Due to the joint and several nature of the performance obligations under the related owner contracts, if any of the members fail to perform, we and the other members would be responsible for performance of the outstanding work. Generally, each construction joint venture is formed to complete a specific contract and is jointly controlled by the venture members. The associated agreements typically provide that our interests in any profits and assets, and our respective share in any losses and liabilities resulting from the performance of the contracts, are limited to our stated percentage interest in the venture. Under our contractual arrangements, we provide capital to these joint ventures in return for an ownership interest. In addition, members dedicate resources to the ventures necessary to complete the contracts and are reimbursed for their cost. The operational risks of each construction joint venture are passed along to the joint venture members. As we absorb our share of these risks, our investment in each venture is exposed to potential gains and losses.

At March 31, 2016, there was approximately $5.5 billion of construction revenue to be recognized on unconsolidated and line item construction joint venture contracts of which $1.7 billion represented our share and the remaining $3.8 billion represented the other members’ share. We are not able to estimate amounts that may be required beyond the remaining cost of the work to be performed. These costs could be offset by billings to the customer or by proceeds from other members and/or other guarantors.

We have determined that certain of these joint ventures are consolidated because they are variable interest entities (“VIEs”), and we are the primary beneficiary. We continually evaluate whether there are changes in the status of the VIEs or changes to the primary beneficiary designation of the VIE. Based on our assessments during the three months ended March 31, 2016, we determined no change was required for existing construction joint ventures.

The volume and stage of completion of contracts from our consolidated and unconsolidated construction joint ventures may cause fluctuations in cash and cash equivalents and, for consolidated construction joint ventures, billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings and costs in excess of billings and estimated earnings between periods.

The assets and liabilities of each consolidated and unconsolidated construction joint venture relate solely to that joint venture. The decision to distribute joint venture cash and cash equivalents and assets must generally be made jointly by a majority of the members and, accordingly, these cash and cash equivalents and assets generally are not available for the working capital needs of Granite until distributed.

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Consolidated Construction Joint Ventures (“CCJVs”)

The carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of construction joint ventures that we are required to consolidate are included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

At March 31, 2016, we were engaged in five active CCJV projects with total contract values ranging from $3.5 million to $293.4 million. Our share of revenue remaining to be recognized on these CCJVs ranged from $0.1 million to $112.5 million. Our proportionate share of the equity in these joint ventures was between 50.0% and 65.0%. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, total revenue from CCJVs was $22.2 million and $15.0 million, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, CCJVs provided $3.8 million of operating cash flows and during the three months ended March 31, 2015, used $7.9 million.

Unconsolidated Construction Joint Ventures

We account for our share of construction joint ventures that we are not required to consolidate on a pro rata basis in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and as a single line item on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2016, these unconsolidated joint ventures were engaged in twelve active projects with total contract values ranging from $74.5 million to $3.5 billion. Our proportionate share of the equity in these unconsolidated joint ventures ranged from 20.0% to 50.0%. As of March 31, 2016, our share of the revenue remaining to be recognized on these unconsolidated joint ventures ranged from $0.3 million to $592.9 million.

The following is summary financial information related to unconsolidated construction joint ventures:



(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		March 31, 2015
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	408,393	$	439,871	$	240,123
Other assets	934,925		859,749		721,618
Less partners’ interest	904,600		881,183		637,512
Granite’s interest	438,718		418,437		324,229
Liabilities:
Accounts payable	225,171		218,790		191,312
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings	320,019		341,609		171,187
Other liabilities	113,296		89,901		72,026
Less partners’ interest	455,403		447,926		304,422
Granite’s interest	203,083		202,374		130,103
Equity in construction joint ventures¹	$	235,635	$	216,063	$	194,126

¹As of March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015 this balance included $4.8 million, $8.6 million and $3.4 million, respectively, of deficit in construction joint ventures that is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2016		2015
Revenue:
Total	$	288,044	$	443,407
Less partners’ interest and adjustments¹	141,785		308,120
Granite’s interest	146,259		135,287
Cost of revenue:
Total	461,497		410,071
Less partners’ interest and adjustments¹	324,041		286,047
Granite’s interest	137,456		124,024
Granite’s interest in gross profit	$	8,803	$	11,263

¹Partners’ interest represents amounts to reconcile total revenue and total cost of revenue as reported by our partners to Granite’s interest adjusted to reflect our accounting policies.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 unconsolidated construction joint venture net income was $33.7 million and $33.4 million, respectively, of which our share was $8.5 million and $11.3 million, respectively. These joint venture net income amounts exclude our corporate overhead required to manage the joint ventures and include taxes only to the extent the applicable states have joint venture level taxes.

Line Item Joint Ventures

We participate in various “line item” joint venture agreements under which each member is responsible for performing certain discrete items of the total scope of contracted work. The revenue for each line item joint venture member’s discrete items of work is defined in the contract with the project owner and each venture member bears the profitability risk associated with its own work. There is not a single set of books and records for a line item joint venture. Each member accounts for its items of work individually as it would for any self-performed contract. We include only our portion of these contracts in our condensed consolidated financial statements. As of March 31, 2016, we had four active line item joint venture construction projects with total contract values ranging from $42.1 million to $87.7 million of which our portion ranged from $28.2 million to $64.9 million. As of March 31, 2016, our share of revenue remaining to be recognized on these line item joint ventures ranged from $0.9 million to $33.8 million.


8.	Investments in Affiliates

The investments in affiliates balance on the condensed consolidated balance sheet is related to our investments in unconsolidated non-construction entities that we account for using the equity method of accounting, including investments in real estate entities and a non-real estate entity.

The investments in affiliates balance consists of the following:



(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		March 31, 2015
Equity method investments in real estate affiliates	$	25,320	$	24,103	$	22,639
Equity method investment in other affiliate	9,299		9,079		9,392
Total investments in affiliates	$	34,619	$	33,182	$	32,031

The following table provides summarized balance sheet information for our affiliates accounted for under the equity method on a combined basis:



(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		March 31, 2015
Total assets	$	177,072	$	175,477	$	178,723
Net assets	103,940		104,370		101,212
Granite’s share of net assets	34,619		33,182		32,031

The equity method investments in real estate affiliates included $19.7 million, $18.5 million and $16.8 million in residential real estate in Texas as of March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015, respectively. The remaining balances were in commercial real estate in Texas. Of the $177.1 million in total assets as of March 31, 2016, real estate entities had total assets ranging from $1.7 million to $65.9 million and the non-real estate entity had total assets of $20.9 million.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

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9.	Property and Equipment, net

Balances of major classes of assets and allowances for depreciation and depletion are included in property and equipment, net on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows:



(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		March 31, 2015
Equipment and vehicles	$	750,987	$	731,224	$	766,066
Quarry property	179,987		178,357		172,046
Land and land improvements	110,450		110,294		110,302
Buildings and leasehold improvements	83,053		82,871		82,628
Office furniture and equipment	62,458		60,821		70,820
Property and equipment	1,186,935		1,163,567		1,201,862
Less: accumulated depreciation and depletion	788,185		778,438		801,952
Property and equipment, net	$	398,750	$	385,129	$	399,910


10.	Debt Covenants and Events of Default

Our debt and credit agreements require us to comply with various affirmative, restrictive and financial covenants. Our failure to comply with any of these covenants, or to pay principal, interest or other amounts when due thereunder, would constitute an event of default under the applicable agreements. Under certain circumstances, the occurrence of an event of default under one of our debt or credit agreements (or the acceleration of the maturity of the indebtedness under one of our agreements) may constitute an event of default under one or more of our other debt or credit agreements. Default under our debt and credit agreements could result in (i) us no longer being entitled to borrow under the agreements; (ii) termination of the agreements; (iii) the requirement that any letters of credit under the agreements be cash collateralized; (iv) acceleration of the maturity of outstanding indebtedness under the agreements; and/or (v) foreclosure on any collateral securing the obligations under the agreements.

As of March 31, 2016, we had a $298.8 million credit facility, of which $200.0 million was a revolving credit facility and $98.8 million was a term loan that matures on October 28, 2020 (the “Maturity Date“) and has a sublimit for letters of credit of $100.0 million (the “Credit Agreement”). As of March 31, 2016, senior notes payable in the amount of $160.0 million were due to a group of institutional holders in four remaining equal annual installments from 2016 through 2019 and bear interest at 6.11% per annum (“2019 Notes”). Of the $40.0 million due for the 2016 installment of the 2019 Notes, $30.0 million is included in long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheet as of March 2016 and December 31, 2015 as we have the ability and intent to pay this installment using borrowings under the Credit Agreement or by obtaining other sources of financing.

As of March 31, 2016, we were in compliance with the covenants contained in our note purchase agreement governing our 2019 Notes and Credit Agreement. We are not aware of any non-compliance by any of our unconsolidated real estate entities with the covenants contained in their debt agreements.

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11.	Weighted Average Shares Outstanding and Net Loss Per Share

The following table presents a reconciliation of the weighted average shares outstanding used in calculating basic and diluted net loss per share as well as the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2016			2015
Numerator (basic and diluted):
Net loss allocated to common shareholders for basic calculation	$	(11,188	)	$	(8,560	)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic	39,433			39,215
Dilutive effect of common stock options and restricted stock units¹	—			—
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted	39,433			39,215
Net loss per share, basic	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.22	)
Net loss per share, diluted	$	(0.28	)	$	(0.22	)

¹Due to the net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, restricted stock units and common stock options representing approximately 544,000 and 598,000, respectively, have been excluded from the number of shares used in calculating diluted net loss per share, as their inclusion would be antidilutive.


12.	Equity

The following tables summarize our equity activity for the periods presented (in thousands):



	Granite Construction Incorporated			Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	839,237		$	30,884		$	870,121
Purchases of common stock¹	(4,459		)	—			(4,459		)
Other transactions with shareholders and employees²	6,639			—			6,639
Transactions with non-controlling interests, net	2,441			(3,345		)	(904		)
Net (loss) income	(11,188		)	678			(10,510		)
Dividends on common stock	(5,143		)	—			(5,143		)
Balance at March 31, 2016	$	827,527		$	28,217		$	855,744




Balance at December 31, 2014	$	794,385		$	22,721		$	817,106
Purchases of common stock³	(3,191		)	—			(3,191		)
Other transactions with shareholders and employees²	2,767			—			2,767
Transactions with non-controlling interests, net	—			(260		)	(260		)
Net loss	(8,560		)	(50		)	(8,610		)
Dividends on common stock	(5,115		)	—			(5,115		)
Balance at March 31, 2015	$	780,286		$	22,411		$	802,697

¹Represents 101,000 shares purchased in connection with employee tax withholding for restricted stock units vested under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

²Amounts are comprised primarily of amortized restricted stock units.

³Represents 98,000 shares purchased in connection with employee tax withholding for restricted stock units vested under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The only changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were the respective periods’ other comprehensive income loss.

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13.	Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we or our joint ventures and affiliates are involved in various legal proceedings alleging, among other things, public liability issues or breach of contract or tortious conduct in connection with the performance of services and/or materials provided, the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with certainty. We are also subject to government inquiries and reporting requirements seeking information concerning our compliance with government construction contracting requirements and various laws and regulations, the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with certainty.

Some of the matters in which we or our joint ventures and affiliates are involved may involve compensatory, punitive, or other claims or sanctions that, if granted, could require us to pay damages or make other expenditures in amounts that are not probable to be incurred or cannot currently be reasonably estimated. In addition, in some circumstances our government contracts could be terminated, we could be suspended, debarred or incur other administrative penalties or sanctions, or payment of our costs could be disallowed. While any of our pending legal proceedings may be subject to early resolution as a result of our ongoing efforts to settle, whether or when any legal proceeding will be resolved through settlement is neither predictable nor guaranteed.

Accordingly, it is possible that future developments in such proceedings and inquiries could require us to (i) adjust existing accruals, or (ii) record new accruals that we did not originally believe to be probable or that could not be reasonably estimated. Such changes could be material to our financial condition, results of operations and/or cash flows in any particular reporting period. In addition to matters that are considered probable for which the loss can be reasonably estimated, we also disclose certain matters where the loss is considered reasonably possible and is reasonably estimable.

Liabilities relating to legal proceedings and government inquiries, to the extent that we have concluded such liabilities are probable and the amounts of such liabilities are reasonably estimable, are recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The aggregate liabilities recorded as of March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015 related to these matters were approximately $5.4 million, $5.2 million and $9.4 million, respectively, and were primarily included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities. The aggregate range of possible loss related to (i) matters considered reasonably possible, and (ii) reasonably possible amounts in excess of accrued losses recorded for probable loss contingencies, was immaterial as of March 31, 2016.

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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - CONTINUED

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14.	Business Segment Information

Summarized segment information is as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	Construction		Large Project Construction		Construction Materials			Total
2016
Total revenue from reportable segments	$	209,487	$	195,449	$	48,931		$	453,867
Elimination of intersegment revenue	—		—		(14,415		)	(14,415		)
Revenue from external customers	209,487		195,449		34,516			439,452
Gross profit (loss)	26,933		13,505		(1,193		)	39,245
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	4,525		1,469		5,337			11,331
Segment assets	141,354		297,489		295,627			734,470

2015
Total revenue from reportable segments	$	188,520	$	190,305	$	53,700		$	432,525
Elimination of intersegment revenue	—		—		(12,276		)	(12,276		)
Revenue from external customers	188,520		190,305		41,424			420,249
Gross profit	20,595		17,536		798			38,929
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	4,692		2,644		5,432			12,768
Segment assets	144,878		253,070		307,140			705,088

A reconciliation of segment gross profit to consolidated loss before benefit from income taxes is as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2016			2015
Total gross profit from reportable segments	$	39,245		$	38,929
Selling, general and administrative expenses	56,133			51,023
Gain on sales of property and equipment	(600		)	(811		)
Other (income) expense	(601		)	1,833
Loss before benefit from income taxes	$	(15,687	)	$	(13,116	)

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Item 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Disclosure

From time to time, Granite makes certain comments and disclosures in reports and statements, including in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or statements made by its officers or directors, that are not based on historical facts, including statements regarding future events, occurrences, circumstances, activities, performance, outcomes and results, that may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are identified by words such as “future,” “outlook,” “assumes,” “believes,” “expects,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “appears,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “continue,” and the negatives thereof or other comparable terminology or by the context in which they are made. In addition, other written or oral statements which constitute forward-looking statements have been made and may in the future be made by or on behalf of Granite. These forward-looking statements are estimates reflecting the best judgment of senior management and reflect our current expectations regarding future events, occurrences, circumstances, activities, performance, outcomes and results. These expectations may or may not be realized. Some of these expectations may be based on beliefs, assumptions or estimates that may prove to be incorrect. In addition, our business and operations involve numerous risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which could result in our expectations not being realized or otherwise materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those more specifically described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K under “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” Due to the inherent risks and uncertainties associated with our forward-looking statements, the reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on them. The reader is also cautioned that the forward-looking statements contained herein speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason.

Overview

We are one of the largest diversified heavy civil contractors and construction materials producers in the United States, engaged in the construction and improvement of streets, roads, highways, mass transit facilities, airport infrastructure, bridges, trenchless and underground utilities, power-related facilities, water-related facilities, utilities, tunnels, dams and other infrastructure-related projects. We have three reportable business segments: Construction, Large Project Construction and Construction Materials (see Note 14 of “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”).

In addition to business segments, we review our business by operating groups and by public and private market sectors. Our operating groups are defined as follows: (i) California; (ii) Northwest, which primarily includes offices in Alaska, Arizona, Nevada, Utah and Washington; (iii) Heavy Civil, which primarily includes offices in California, Florida, New York and Texas; and (iv) Kenny, which primarily includes an office in Illinois.

With the exception of contract change orders and affirmative claims, which is typically sole-source, our construction contracts are obtained through competitive bidding in response to solicitations by both public agencies and private parties and on a negotiated basis as a result of solicitations from private parties. Our bidding activity is affected by such factors as the nature and volume of advertising and other solicitations, contract backlog, available personnel, current utilization of equipment and other resources, our ability to obtain necessary surety bonds and competitive considerations. Bidding activity, contract backlog and revenue resulting from the award of new contracts may vary significantly from period to period.

The four primary economic drivers of our business are (i) the overall health of the economy; (ii) federal, state and local public funding levels; (iii) population growth resulting in public and private development; and (iv) the need to replace or repair aging infrastructure. Changes in these drivers can either reduce our revenues and/or gross profit margins or provide opportunities for revenue growth and gross margin improvement.

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Current Economic Environment and Outlook

Market conditions remain stable but highly competitive across geographies and end markets. Current record backlog of $3.4 billion reflects positive steady trends, against a backdrop of modest economic growth across certain regions of the country, following the passage of the first long-term federal highway bill in a decade, the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation (“FAST”) Act, in December 2015.

The stability expected to be provided by the five-year FAST Act will allow state departments of transportation to plan more effectively, and we expect a positive impact in our business to begin late in 2016 and to accelerate in 2017. The Construction and Construction Materials segments continue to benefit from private non-residential activity and diversification opportunities, and we believe that long-term dedicated federal infrastructure investment provides these businesses with significant growth opportunities.

In recent years, the scope and scale of projects in our Large Project Construction segment have grown considerably. We believe that aggressive competition, coupled with this scope and scale growth, have increased contractual risk, subsequently creating an imbalance of risk and returns in both the design and construction phases of projects. We are focused on responsibly addressing risk in all of our projects to mitigate this imbalance going forward, allowing us to focus on projects with appropriate returns for shareholders. We continue to pursue numerous, significant bidding opportunities, with Granite as a sole contractor or as a partner. As we prioritize the tens of billions of dollars’ worth of future North American projects, we expect to have no difficulty building and maintaining a broad roster, at least $10 billion to $20 billion, of bidding opportunities over a rolling, two-year period for the foreseeable future. Our proportionate share should remain consistent with recent history.

Results of Operations

Our operations are typically affected more by weather conditions during the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal year which may alter our construction schedules and can create variability in our revenues and profitability in certain geographies. In addition, annual maintenance on our equipment and plants is typically performed during the first and second quarter, causing down time in operations. These factors can create variability in revenue and profit. Therefore, the results of operations of a given quarter are not indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The following table presents a financial summary on a comparative basis for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015.



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2016			2015
Total revenue	$	439,452		$	420,249
Gross profit	39,245			38,929
Operating loss	(16,288		)	(11,283		)
Total other (income) expense	(601		)	1,833
Net loss attributable to Granite Construction Incorporated	(11,188		)	(8,560		)

Revenue

Total Revenue by Segment



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2016				2015
Construction	$	209,487	47.6	%	$	188,520	44.8	%
Large Project Construction	195,449		44.5		190,305		45.3
Construction Materials	34,516		7.9		41,424		9.9
Total	$	439,452	100.0	%	$	420,249	100.0	%

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Construction Revenue



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2016				2015
California:
Public sector	$	70,635	33.7	%	$	64,949	34.4	%
Private sector	34,332		16.4		26,235		13.9
Northwest:
Public sector	51,467		24.6		37,854		20.1
Private sector	10,343		4.9		28,459		15.1
Heavy Civil¹	5,916		2.8		6,958		3.7
Kenny:
Public sector	21,128		10.1		8,432		4.5
Private sector	15,666		7.5		15,633		8.3
Total	$	209,487	100.0	%	$	188,520	100.0	%

¹For the periods presented, this Construction revenue was earned from the public sector.

Construction revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by $21.0 million, or 11.1%, compared to the same period in 2015 primarily due to new work in both sectors of the California operating group as well as the public sector of the Kenny and Northwest operating groups. These increases were partially offset by a slower start in the Northwest private sector in 2016 with the full-year 2016 expected to be consistent with 2015.

Large Project Construction Revenue



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2016				2015
Heavy Civil¹	$	157,300	80.6	%	$	140,519	73.8	%
Northwest¹	6,113		3.1		9,711		5.1
California¹	7,314		3.7		5,125		2.7
Kenny
Public sector	19,551		10.0		22,811		12.0
Private sector	5,171		2.6		12,139		6.4
Total	$	195,449	100.0	%	$	190,305	100.0	%

¹For the periods presented, this Large Project Construction revenue was earned from the public sector.

Large Project Construction revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by $5.1 million, or 2.7%, compared to the same period in 2015 primarily due to progress on new projects in the Heavy Civil and California operating groups partially offset by decreases in the Kenny and Northwest operating groups from the completion of projects in late 2015 while new awards were in their early stages.

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Construction Materials Revenue



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2016				2015
California	$	24,022	69.6	%	$	29,122	70.3	%
Northwest	10,494		30.4		12,302		29.7
Total	$	34,516	100.0	%	$	41,424	100.0	%

Construction Materials revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 decreased by $6.9 million, or 16.7%, compared to the same period in 2015 primarily due to reduced sales volume caused by wet weather in the West.

Contract Backlog

Our contract backlog consists of the unearned revenue on awarded contracts, including 100% of our consolidated joint venture contracts and our proportionate share of unconsolidated joint venture contracts. We generally include a project in our contract backlog at the time it is awarded and to the extent we believe funding is probable. Certain federal government contracts where funding is appropriated on a periodic basis are included in contract backlog at the time of the award. Existing contracts that include unexercised contract options and unissued task orders are included in contract backlog as task orders are issued or options are exercised. Substantially all of the contracts in our contract backlog may be canceled or modified at the election of the customer; however, we have not been materially adversely affected by contract cancellations or modifications in the past.

Total Contract Backlog by Segment



(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2016				December 31, 2015				March 31, 2015
Construction	$	999,980	29.5	%	$	860,657	29.6	%	$	749,261	25.5	%
Large Project Construction	2,386,019		70.5		2,047,781		70.4		2,187,888		74.5
Total	$	3,385,999	100.0	%	$	2,908,438	100.0	%	$	2,937,149	100.0	%

Construction Contract Backlog



(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2016				December 31, 2015				March 31, 2015
California:
Public sector	$	281,085	28.1	%	$	233,691	27.1	%	$	275,448	36.7	%
Private sector	48,911		4.9		52,313		6.1		49,368		6.6
Northwest:
Public sector	307,077		30.7		285,331		33.2		229,847		30.6
Private sector	40,874		4.1		12,922		1.5		18,672		2.5
Heavy Civil¹	79,209		7.9		81,931		9.5		36,400		4.9
Kenny:
Public sector	203,996		20.4		143,386		16.7		61,833		8.3
Private sector	38,828		3.9		51,083		5.9		77,693		10.4
Total	$	999,980	100.0	%	$	860,657	100.0	%	$	749,261	100.0	%

¹For the periods presented, this Construction contract backlog is related to contracts with public agencies.

Construction contract backlog of $1.0 billion at March 31, 2016 was $139.3 million, or 16.2%, higher than at December 31, 2015 and $250.7 million, or 33.5%, higher than at March 31, 2015 due to an improved success rate of bidding activity in the public sector of the Kenny and California operating groups, the Heavy Civil operating group and both sectors of the Northwest operating group. Increases from improved success rate of bidding activity was partially offset by completion of existing projects in the private sector of the Kenny operating group without the offset of new awards. Significant new awards during the three months ended March 31, 2016, included a $61.0 million pavement rehabilitation project in California and a $62.6 million tunnel project in Illinois.

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Large Project Construction Contract Backlog



(dollars in thousands)	March 31, 2016				December 31, 2015				March 31, 2015
Heavy Civil¹	$	1,911,056	80.2	%	$	1,623,832	79.3	%	$	1,908,109	87.2	%
Northwest¹	117,634		4.9		24,132		1.2		29,658		1.4
California¹	17,414		0.7		66,920		3.3		17,643		0.8
Kenny:
Public sector²	246,807		10.3		264,559		12.9		134,298		6.1
Private sector	93,108		3.9		68,338		3.3		98,180		4.5
Total	$	2,386,019	100.0	%	$	2,047,781	100.0	%	$	2,187,888	100.0	%

¹For the periods presented, this Large Project Construction contract backlog is related to contracts with public agencies.

²As of March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015, $9.2 million, $13.8 million and $26.2 million, respectively, of the Kenny public sector contract backlog was translated from Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars at the spot rate in effect at the date of reporting.

Large Project Construction contract backlog of $2.4 billion as of March 31, 2016 was $338.2 million, or 16.5%, higher than at December 31, 2015 and $198.1 million, or 9.1%, higher than at March 31, 2015. The increase compared to March 31, 2015 was from new awards including a $208.6 million highway project in Alabama and our $284.1 million share of the Loop 202 South Mountain Freeway Project in Arizona, both awarded in the first quarter of 2016, as well as a $184.1 million canal interceptor tunnel project in Ohio awarded in the third quarter of 2015. Increases compared to both periods were partially offset by progress on existing projects.

Non-controlling partners’ share of Large Project Construction contract backlog as of March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015, and March 31, 2015 was $70.5 million, $75.5 million and $21.2 million, respectively.

Gross Profit (Loss)

Revenue in an amount equal to cost incurred is recognized if there is not sufficient information to determine the estimated profit on the project with a reasonable level of certainty. Gross profit can vary significantly in periods where previously deferred profit is recognized on one or more projects or, conversely, if we have outstanding claims that are not probable or estimable or a higher percentage of projects are in their early stages with no associated gross profit recognition.

The following table presents gross profit (loss) by business segment for the respective periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2016			2015
Construction	$	26,933		$	20,595
Percent of segment revenue	12.9		%	10.9		%
Large Project Construction	13,505			17,536
Percent of segment revenue	6.9			9.2
Construction Materials	(1,193		)	798
Percent of segment revenue	(3.5		)	1.9
Total gross profit	$	39,245		$	38,929
Percent of total revenue	8.9		%	9.3		%

Construction gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased by $6.3 million, or 30.8%, compared to the same period in 2015. Construction gross profit as a percentage of segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased to 12.9% from 10.9% when compared to the same period in 2015. The increases were primarily due to better project execution resulting in reduced net project write-downs partially offset by a decrease from estimated probable cost recoveries on claims.

Large Project Construction gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2016 decreased by $4.0 million, or 23.0%, when compared to the same period in 2015. Large Project Construction gross profit as a percentage of segment revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2016 decreased to 6.9% from 9.2% when compared to the same period in 2015. The decrease was primarily due to net changes from revisions in estimates, including decreases in estimated probable cost recoveries on claims (see Note 3 of “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”).

Construction Materials gross loss for the three months ended March 31, 2016 represents a $2.0 million change from the gross profit in 2015. The decrease was primarily due to decreased volumes from wet weather in the West.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The following table presents the components of selling, general and administrative expenses for the respective periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2016			2015
Selling
Salaries and related expenses	$	12,868		$	12,076
Other selling expenses	1,656			2,079
Total selling	14,524			14,155
General and administrative
Salaries and related expenses	19,908			18,009
Restricted stock unit amortization	6,557			3,132
Other general and administrative expenses	15,144			15,727
Total general and administrative	41,609			36,868
Total selling, general and administrative¹	$	56,133		$	51,023
Percent of revenue	12.8		%	12.1		%

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased $5.1 million, or 10.0%, compared to the same period in 2015.

Selling Expenses

Selling expenses include the costs for estimating and bidding, business development and materials facility permits. Selling expenses can vary depending on the volume of projects in process and the number of employees assigned to estimating and bidding activities. As projects are completed or the volume of work slows down, we temporarily redeploy project employees to bid on new projects, moving their salaries and related costs from cost of revenue to selling expenses. Selling expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased $0.4 million, or 2.6%, compared to 2015 primarily due to timing of bidding activity.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include costs related to our operational offices that are not allocated to direct contract costs and expenses related to our corporate functions. These costs include variable cash and restricted stock performance-based incentives for select management personnel on which our compensation strategy heavily relies. The cash portion of these incentives is expensed when earned while the restricted stock portion is expensed as earned over the vesting period of the restricted stock award (generally three years; however, immediate vesting may apply to certain awards). Other general and administrative expenses include travel and entertainment, outside services, information technology, depreciation, occupancy, training, office supplies, changes in the fair market value of our Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation plan liability and other miscellaneous expenses, none of which individually exceeded 10% of total general and administrative expenses. Total general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased $4.7 million, or 12.9%, compared to 2015 primarily due to an increase in restricted stock unit amortization from awards issued in the three months ended March 31, 2016 that immediately vested.

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Other (Income) Expense

The following table presents the components of other (income) expense for the respective periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2016			2015
Interest income	$	(836	)	$	(442	)
Interest expense	3,049			3,496
Equity in (income) loss of affiliates	(1,442		)	63
Other income, net	(1,372		)	(1,284		)
Total other (income) expense	$	(601	)	$	1,833

Equity in income of affiliates for the three months ended March 31, 2016 increased $1.5 million when compared to the same period in 2015 primarily due to an increase in income from one of our real estate affiliates.

Income Taxes

The following table presents the benefit from income taxes for the respective periods:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2016			2015
Benefit from income taxes	$	(5,177	)	$	(4,506	)
Effective tax rate	33.0		%	34.4		%

We calculate our income tax provision at the end of each interim period by estimating our annual effective tax rate and applying that rate to our year-to-date ordinary earnings. The effect of changes in enacted tax laws, tax rates or tax status is recognized in the interim period in which the change occurs.

Certain Legal Proceedings

As discussed in Note 13 of “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements,” under certain circumstances the resolution of certain legal proceedings to which we are subject could have direct or indirect consequences that could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and/or liquidity.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The timing differences between our cash inflows and outflows require us to maintain adequate levels of working capital. We believe our cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, available borrowing capacity and cash expected to be generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our expected working capital needs, capital expenditures, financial commitments, cash dividend payments, and other liquidity requirements associated with our existing operations for the next twelve months. We maintain a collateralized credit facility of $298.8 million, of which $183.7 million was available at March 31, 2016, to provide capital needs to fund growth opportunities, either internal or generated through acquisitions (see Credit Agreement discussion below for further information). We do not anticipate that this credit facility will be required to fund future working capital needs associated with our existing operations. If we experience a prolonged change in our business operating results or make a significant acquisition, we may need to acquire additional sources of financing, which, if available, may be limited by the terms of our existing debt covenants, or may require the amendment of our existing debt agreements. There can be no assurance that sufficient capital will continue to be available in the future or that it will be available on terms acceptable to us.

We typically invoice our customers on a monthly basis. Our contracts frequently call for retention that is a specified percentage withheld from each payment until the contract is completed and the work accepted by the customer. Our revenue, gross profit and the resulting cash flows can differ significantly from period to period due to a variety of factors, including our projects’ progressions toward completion, outstanding contract change orders and claims and the payment terms of our contracts.

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The following table presents our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, including amounts from our consolidated joint ventures (“CCJVs”), as of the respective dates:



(in thousands)	March 31, 2016		December 31, 2015		March 31, 2015
Cash and cash equivalents excluding consolidated joint ventures	$	151,305	$	206,626	$	186,519
Consolidated construction joint venture cash and cash equivalents¹	46,993		46,210		52,884
Total consolidated cash and cash equivalents	198,298		252,836		239,403
Short-term and long-term marketable securities²	115,654		105,695		99,804
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	313,952	$	358,531	$	339,207

¹The volume and stage of completion of contracts from our CCJVs may cause fluctuations in joint venture cash and cash equivalents between periods. These funds generally are not available for the working capital or other liquidity needs of Granite until distributed.

²See Note 4 of “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” for the composition of our marketable securities.

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and cash generated from operations. We may also from time to time access our Credit Agreement (defined below), issue and sell equity, debt or hybrid securities or engage in other capital markets transactions.

Our cash and cash equivalents consisted of deposits and money market funds held with established national financial institutions. Marketable securities consist of U.S. Government and agency obligations and commercial paper.

Granite’s portion of consolidated joint venture cash and cash equivalents was $29.3 million, $28.9 million and $33.5 million as of March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015, respectively. Granite’s portion of unconsolidated joint venture cash and cash equivalents was $120.5 million, $127.8 million and $72.1 million as of March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents held by our joint ventures are primarily used to fulfill the working capital needs of each joint venture’s project, and generally cannot be distributed to any of the venture partners without the consent of the majority of the venture members.

Our principal uses of liquidity are paying the costs and expenses associated with our operations, servicing outstanding indebtedness, making capital expenditures and paying dividends on our capital stock. We may also from time to time prepay or repurchase outstanding indebtedness and acquire assets or businesses that are complementary to our operations, such as our acquisition of Kenny in December 2012.

Derivatives

We recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value using Level 2 inputs.

In March 2014, we entered into two diesel commodity swaps covering the periods from May 2014 to October 2014 and from May 2015 to October 2015 which represented roughly 25% of our forecasted purchases for diesel during these periods. In May 2014, we entered into two natural gas commodity swaps covering the periods from June 2014 to October 2014 and from May 2015 to October 2015 representing roughly 25% of our forecasted purchases of natural gas during these periods. As of March 31, 2015 the fair value of the commodity swap was $1.9 million and was included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we recorded net losses of $0.2 million that were included in other (income) expense, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In March 2014, we entered into an interest rate swap designed to convert the interest rate on our 2019 Notes (as defined below) from a fixed rate of 6.11% to a floating rate of 4.15% plus six-month LIBOR (See Senior Notes Payable section below for further discussion). In January 2016, we entered in to an interest rate swap designed to convert the interest rate on our term loan from variable to fixed (See Credit Agreement section below for further discussion).

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Cash Flows



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2016			2015
Net cash used in:
Operating activities	$	(10,434	)	$	(6,918	)
Investing activities	(34,015		)	(1,123		)
Financing activities	(10,089		)	(8,517		)

As a large construction and heavy civil contractor and construction materials producer, our operating cash flows are subject to seasonal cycles, as well as the cycles associated with winning, performing and closing projects. Additionally, operating cash flows are impacted by the timing related to funding construction joint ventures and the resolution of uncertainties inherent in the complex nature of the work that we perform, including claims settlements.

Cash used in operating activities of $10.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 represents a $3.5 million increase from the cash used in operating activities during the same period in 2015. The change was primarily due to a $6.1 million increase in cash used in working capital, partially offset by a $2.0 million increase in net income after adjusting for non-cash items.

Cash used in investing activities of $34.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 represents a $32.9 million increase from the cash used in investing activities during the same period in 2015. The change was primarily due to an increase in purchases, net of sales proceeds, of property and equipment and in purchases, net of maturities, of marketable securities.

Cash used in financing activities of $10.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 represents a $1.6 million increase from the cash used in financing activities during the same period in 2015. The change was primarily due to a $1.3 million increase in the repurchases of common stock.

Capital Expenditures

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, we had capital expenditures of $24.6 million compared to $7.6 million during the same period in 2015. Major capital expenditures are typically for aggregate and asphalt production facilities, aggregate reserves, construction equipment, buildings and leasehold improvements and investments in our information technology systems. The timing and amount of such expenditures can vary based on the progress of planned capital projects, the type and size of construction projects, changes in business outlook and other factors. We currently anticipate 2016 capital expenditures to be consistent with 2015, with the exception of significant investments in equipment for new CCJVs in our Large Project Construction segment, some of which was purchased during the three months ended March 31, 2016.

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Credit Agreement

Of the original $100.0 million term loan, we paid 1.25% of the principal balance in March 2016, the remaining $98.8 million is due in ten quarterly installments in the amount of 1.25% of the original principal balance, 2.50% of the original principal balance is due in eight quarterly installments beginning in December 2018 and the remaining balance is due on the Maturity Date. As of March 31, 2016, $93.8 million of the $98.8 million term loan was included in long-term debt and the remaining $5.0 million was included in current maturities of long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheets.

As of March 31, 2016, the total stated amount of all issued and outstanding letters of credit was $16.3 million. The total unused availability under the Credit Agreement was $183.7 million. The letters of credit will expire between June 2016 and December 2019.

Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at LIBOR or a base rate (at our option), plus an applicable margin based on certain financial ratios calculated quarterly. LIBOR varies based on the applicable loan term, market conditions and other external factors. The applicable margin was 1.75% for loans bearing interest based on LIBOR and 0.75% for loans bearing interest at the base rate at March 31, 2016. Accordingly, the effective interest rate using three-month LIBOR and base rate was between 2.38% and 4.25%, respectively, at March 31, 2016 and we elected to use LIBOR.

In January 2016, we entered into an interest rate swap designated as a cash flow hedge with an effective date of April 29, 2016 and an initial notional amount of $98.8 million which matures in October 2020. The interest rate swap is designed to convert the interest rate on the term loan portion of the Credit Agreement from a variable rate of interest of LIBOR plus an applicable margin to a fixed rate of 1.47% plus the same applicable margin. As of March 31, 2016, the fair value of the cash flow hedge was $1.5 million and was included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the loss, net of taxes, on the effective portion was $0.9 million that was reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and there was no ineffective portion.

The Credit Agreement provides for the release of the liens securing the obligations, at our option and expense, so long as certain conditions as defined by the terms in the Credit Agreement are satisfied (“Collateral Release Period”). However, if subsequent to exercising the option, our Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio is less than 1.25 or our Consolidated Leverage Ratio is greater than 2.50, then we would be required to promptly re-pledge substantially all of the assets of the Company and our subsidiaries that are guarantors or borrowers under the Credit Agreement. As of March 31, 2016, the conditions for the exercise of our right under the Credit Agreement to have liens released were not satisfied.

Senior Notes Payable

As of March 31, 2016, senior notes payable in the amount of $160.0 million were due to a group of institutional holders with four remaining annual installments from 2016 through 2019 and bear interest at 6.11% per annum (“2019 Notes”). Of the $40.0 million due for the 2016 installment of the 2019 Notes, $30.0 million was included in long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 as we have the ability and intent to pay this installment using borrowings under the Credit Agreement or by obtaining other sources of financing.

In March 2014, we entered into an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $100.0 million which matures in June 2018 to convert the interest rate of our 2019 Notes from a fixed rate of 6.11% to a variable rate of 4.15% plus six-month LIBOR. As of March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015, the fair value of the interest rate swap was $1.9 million, $0.6 million and $1.7 million and was included in other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, net gains were $1.3 million and $1.3 million and were included in other income, net on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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Surety Bonds and Real Estate Mortgages

We are generally required to provide various types of surety bonds that provide an additional measure of security under certain public and private sector contracts. At March 31, 2016, approximately $3.1 billion of our contract backlog was bonded. Performance bonds do not have stated expiration dates; rather, we are generally released from the bonds after the owner accepts the work performed under contract. The ability to maintain bonding capacity to support our current and future level of contracting requires that we maintain cash and working capital balances satisfactory to our sureties.

Our unconsolidated real estate held for development and sale is subject to mortgage indebtedness. This indebtedness is non-recourse to Granite but is recourse to the real estate entity. The terms of this indebtedness are typically renegotiated to reflect the evolving nature of the real estate project as it progresses through acquisition, entitlement and development. Modification of these terms may include changes in loan-to-value ratios requiring the real estate entity to repay portions of the debt.

Covenants and Events of Default

Our debt and credit agreements require us to comply with various affirmative, restrictive and financial covenants, including the financial covenants described below. Our failure to comply with any of these covenants, or to pay principal, interest or other amounts when due thereunder, would constitute an event of default under the applicable agreements. Under certain circumstances, the occurrence of an event of default under one of our debt or credit agreements (or the acceleration of the maturity of the indebtedness under one of our agreements) may constitute an event of default under one or more of our other debt or credit agreements. Default under our debt and credit agreements could result in (i) us no longer being entitled to borrow under the agreements; (ii) termination of the agreements; (iii) the requirement that any letters of credit under the agreements be cash collateralized; (iv) acceleration of the maturity of outstanding indebtedness under the agreements and/or (v) foreclosure on any collateral securing the obligations under the agreements.

The most significant financial covenants under the terms of our Credit Agreement and 2019 NPA require the maintenance of a minimum Consolidated Tangible Net Worth, a minimum Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio and a maximum Consolidated Leverage Ratio.

As of March 31, 2016 and pursuant to the definitions in the agreements, our Consolidated Tangible Net Worth was $815.0 million, which exceeded the minimum of $662.6 million and our Consolidated Leverage Ratio was 1.79, which did not exceed the maximum of 3.00. Our Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio was 10.31, which exceeded the minimum of 4.00.

As of March 31, 2016, we were in compliance with all covenants contained in the Credit Agreement and related to the 2019 Notes. We are not aware of any non-compliance by any of our unconsolidated real estate entities with the covenants contained in their debt agreements.

Share Purchase Program

On October 24, 2007, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized us to purchase up to $200.0 million of our common stock at management’s discretion. As of March 31, 2016, $64.1 million remained available under this authorization. On April 7, 2016, the Board of Directors authorized us to purchase up to $200.0 million of our common stock at management’s discretion, which replaced the former authorization including the amount available. We did not purchase shares under the share purchase program in any of the periods presented. The specific timing and amount of any future purchases will vary based on market conditions, securities law limitations and other factors.

Website Access

Our website address is www.graniteconstruction.com. On our website we make available, free of charge, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information on our website is not incorporated into, and is not part of, this report. These reports, and any amendments to them, are also available at the website of the SEC, www.sec.gov.

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Item 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There has been no significant change in our exposure to market risks since December 31, 2015.


Item 4.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management carried out, as of March 31, 2016, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2016, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2016, there were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The description of the matters set forth in Part I, Item 1 of this Report under Note 13 of “Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

There has been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table sets forth information regarding the repurchase of shares of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2016:



Period	Total number of shares purchased¹	Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs²
January 1, 2016 through January 31, 2016	231	$	41.42	—	$	64,065,401
February 1, 2015 through February 29, 2016	136	$	38.96	—	$	64,065,401
March 1, 2016 through March 31, 2016	100,321	$	44.27	—	$	64,065,401
	100,688	$	44.25	—

¹The number of shares purchased is in connection with employee tax withholding for units vested under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

²On October 24, 2007, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized us to purchase up to $200.0 million of our common stock at management’s discretion. As of March 31, 2016, $64.1 million remained available under this authorization. On April 7, 2016, the Board of Directors authorized us to purchase up to $200.0 million of our common stock at management’s discretion, which replaced the former authorization including the amount available. We did not purchase shares under the share purchase program in any of the periods presented. The specific timing and amount of any future purchases will vary based on market conditions, securities law limitations and other factors.


Item 3.	DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

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Item 4.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

The information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K (17CFR 229.104) is included in Exhibit 95 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


Item 5.	OTHER INFORMATION

Not Applicable.

Item 6. EXHIBITS



31.1	†	Certification of Principal Executive Officer
31.2	†	Certification of Principal Financial Officer
32	††	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
95	†	Mine Safety Disclosure
101.INS	†	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	†	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	†	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	†	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	†	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	†	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

	†	Filed herewith
	††	Furnished herewith

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



			GRANITE CONSTRUCTION INCORPORATED

Date:	April 29, 2016	By:	/s/ Laurel J. Krzeminski
			Laurel J. Krzeminski
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)