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HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST - Annual Report: 2012 (Form 10-K)

form10k.htm


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012

OR
 
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______________ to _______________
 
Commission file number: 001-14765

HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Maryland
 
251811499
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
 
44 Hersha Drive, Harrisburg, PA
 
17102
(Address of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)
 
(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:   (717) 236-4400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Shares of Beneficial Interest,
par value $.01 per share
New York Stock Exchange
Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest, par value $.01 per share
New York Stock Exchange
Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares of Beneficial Interest, par value $.01 per share
New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None
(Title of class)
 


 
 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
x Yes  o No
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
¨ Yes x  No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (i) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (ii) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
x Yes o No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Sec.232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨ Yes  x  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer                    o
Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). oYes  x No

The aggregate market value of the outstanding Class A common shares held by nonaffiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing sale price at which Class A common shares were last sold on June 30, 2012, was approximately $1.0 billion.

As of February 20, 2013, the number of Class A common shares outstanding was 198,722,243 and there were no Class B common shares outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission not later than 120 days after the end of the registrant’s last fiscal year pursuant to Regulation 14A, are incorporated herein by reference into Part III.

 
 

 

HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST
 
Table of Contents

Item No.
 
Form 10-K Report
Page
     
CAUTIONARY FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS
 
PART I
   
ITEM 1.
1
ITEM 1A.
8
ITEM 1B.
22
ITEM 2.
23
ITEM 3.
25
ITEM 4.
25
PART II
   
ITEM 5.
26
ITEM 6.
28
ITEM 7.
30
ITEM 8.
49
ITEM 9.
96
ITEM 9A.
96
ITEM 9B.
98
PART III
   
ITEM 10.
99
ITEM 11.
99
ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters 99
ITEM 13.
99
ITEM 14.
99
PART IV
   
ITEM 15.
100
 
 
CAUTIONARY FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this report to: (1) “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” and “Hersha” mean Hersha Hospitality Trust and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership, taken as a whole; (2) “HHLP” and “our operating partnership” mean Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership; and (3) “common shares” mean our Class A common shares of beneficial interest, $0.01 par value per share.

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including, without limitation, statements containing the words, “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “continue,” “intend,” “should,” “may” and words of similar import. Such forward-looking statements relate to future events, our plans, strategies, prospects and future financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks that are difficult to predict, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements or industry results to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Readers should specifically consider the various factors identified in this report including, but not limited to those discussed in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations” that could cause actual results to differ. Statements regarding the following subjects are forward-looking by their nature:

our business or investment strategy;
our projected operating results;
our distribution policy;
our liquidity;
completion of any pending transactions;
our ability to obtain future financing arrangements;
our understanding of our competition;
market trends; and
projected capital expenditures.

Forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations, taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations are subject to risks and uncertainties and can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.  The following factors could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements:

general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our common shares;
changes in our business or investment strategy;
availability, terms and deployment of capital;
availability of qualified personnel;
changes in our industry and the market in which we operate, interest rates, or the general economy;
the degree and nature of our competition;
financing risks, including the risk of leverage and the corresponding risk of default on our mortgage loans and other debt and potential inability to refinance or extend the maturity of existing indebtedness;
the depth and duration of the current economic downturn;
levels of spending in the business, travel and leisure industries, as well as consumer confidence;
declines in occupancy, average daily rate and RevPAR and other hotel operating metrics;
hostilities, including future terrorist attacks, or fear of hostilities that affect travel;
financial condition of, and our relationships with, our joint venture partners, third-party property managers, franchisors and hospitality joint venture partners;
the degree and nature of our competition;
increased interest rates and operating costs;
risks associated with potential acquisitions, including the ability to ramp up and stabilize newly acquired hotels with limited or no operating history, and dispositions of hotel properties;
risks associated with our development loan portfolio, including the ability of borrowers to repay outstanding principal and accrued interest at maturity;
availability of and our ability to retain qualified personnel;
our failure to maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code;
environmental uncertainties and risks related to natural disasters;
changes in real estate and zoning laws and increases in real property tax rates; and
the factors discussed in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 under the heading “Risk Factors” and in other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) from time to time.

 
These factors are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by any of our forward-looking statements. Other unknown or unpredictable factors, many of which are beyond our control, also could harm our results, performance or achievements.

All forward-looking statements contained in this report are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements set forth above. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake or assume any obligation to update publicly any of these statements to reflect actual results, new information or future events, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking statements, except to the extent required by applicable laws. If we update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements.
 
 
PART I

Item 1.

OVERVIEW

Hersha Hospitality Trust is a self-advised Maryland real estate investment trust that was organized in 1998 and completed its initial public offering in January of 1999. Our common shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “HT.” We invest primarily in institutional grade hotels in urban and central business districts, primary suburban office markets and stable destination and secondary markets in the Northeastern United States, Florida and select markets on the West Coast. Our primary strategy is to continue to acquire high quality, upscale, mid-scale and extended-stay hotels in metropolitan markets with high barriers to entry in the Northeastern United States, Florida and other markets with similar characteristics.  We have operated and intend to continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax reporting purposes.

In addition to the direct acquisition of hotels, historically we have made investments in hotels through joint ventures with strategic partners or through equity contributions, secured mezzanine loans and land leases. Although we may invest in hotels through joint ventures, secured development loans and land leases, we are not actively pursuing additional joint venture investments and do not expect to originate any new secured mezzanine loans or enter into any new land leases as part of our hotel investment strategy in the near term.
 
We seek to identify acquisition candidates located in markets with economic, demographic and supply dynamics favorable to hotel owners and operators. Through our due diligence process, we select those acquisition targets where we believe selective capital improvements and intensive management will increase the hotel’s ability to attract key demand segments, enhance hotel operations and increase long-term value.

As of December 31, 2012, our portfolio consisted of 57 wholly owned limited and full service properties with a total of 7,616 rooms and interests in seven limited and full service properties owned through joint venture investments with a total of 1,605 rooms.   These 64 properties, with a total of 9,221 rooms, are located in Arizona, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Virginia and operate under leading brands, owned by Marriott International, Inc. (“Marriott”), Hilton Worldwide, Inc. (“Hilton”), InterContinental Hotels Group (“IHG”), Hyatt Corporation (“Hyatt”), Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. (“Starwood”) or Choice Hotels International, Inc. (“Choice”).  In addition, some of our hotels operate as independent boutique hotels.  As of December 31, 2012, we had an investment of $28.4 million in two loans, one loan which is collateralized by an operating hotel and one of which relates to a hotel development project.

We are structured as an umbrella partnership REIT, or UPREIT, and we own our hotels and our investments in joint ventures through our operating partnership, Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership, for which we serve as general partner. As of December 31, 2012, we owned an approximate 96.5% partnership interest in our operating partnership.

Our wholly-owned hotels are managed by Hersha Hospitality Management, L.P. (“HHMLP”), a privately held, qualified management company owned by certain of our trustees and executive officers and other unaffiliated third party investors.  Third party qualified management companies manage the hotels that we own through joint venture interests. We lease our wholly-owned hotels to 44 New England Management Company (“44 New England”), our wholly-owned taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). Each of the hotels that we own through a joint venture investment is leased to another TRS that is owned by the respective joint venture or an entity owned in part by 44 New England.

Our principal executive office is located at 44 Hersha Drive, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17102. Our telephone number is (717) 236-4400. Our website address is www.hersha.com. The information found on, or otherwise accessible through, our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this report.
 

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

We make available free of charge through our website (www.hersha.com) our code of ethics, corporate governance guidelines and the charters of the committees of our Board of Trustees (Acquisition Committee, Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and Risk Sub-Committee of the Audit Committee). We also make available through our website our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after such documents are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information available on our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this report or incorporated into any other filings we make with the SEC.

INVESTMENT IN HOTEL PROPERTIES

Our operating strategy focuses on increasing hotel performance for our portfolio. The key elements of this strategy are:

 
·
working together with our hotel management companies to increase occupancy levels and revenue per available room, or "RevPAR", through active property-level management, including intensive marketing efforts to tour groups, corporate and government extended stay customers and other wholesale customers and expanded yield management programs, which are calculated to better match room rates to room demand; and
 
·
maximizing our earnings by managing costs and positioning our hotels to capitalize on increased demand in the high quality, upper-upscale, upscale, mid-scale and extended-stay lodging segment, which we believe can be expected to follow from improving economic conditions.

ACQUISITIONS
 
We selectively acquire high quality branded upper-upscale, upscale, mid-scale and extended-stay hotels in metropolitan markets with high barriers-to-entry and independent boutique hotels in similar markets. Through our due diligence process, we select those acquisition targets where we believe selective capital improvements and intensive management will increase the hotel’s ability to attract key demand segments, enhance hotel operations and increase long-term value.  We believe that current market conditions are creating opportunities to acquire hotels at attractive prices. In executing our disciplined acquisition program, we will consider acquiring hotels that meet the following additional criteria:

 
·
nationally-franchised hotels operating under popular brands, such as Marriott Hotels & Resorts, Hilton Hotels, Courtyard by Marriott, Residence Inn by Marriott, Hilton Garden Inn, Hampton Inn, Sheraton Hotels & Resorts, DoubleTree, Embassy Suites, Hyatt House, Hyatt Place, TownePlace Suites and Holiday Inn Express;
 
·
hotels in locations with significant barriers-to-entry, such as high development costs, limited availability of land and lengthy entitlement processes;
 
·
hotels in our target markets where we can realize operating efficiencies and economies of scale; and
 
·
independent boutique hotels in similar markets

Since our initial public offering in January 1999 and through December 31, 2012, we have acquired, wholly or through joint ventures, a total of 99 hotels, including 28 hotels acquired from entities controlled by certain of our trustees and executive officers. Of the 28 acquisitions from entities controlled by certain of our trustees and executive officers, 25 were newly constructed or substantially renovated by these entities prior to our acquisition. We take advantage of our relationships with entities that are developing or substantially renovating hotels, including entities controlled by certain of our trustees and executive officers, to identify future hotel acquisitions that we believe may be attractive to us. We intend to continue to acquire hotels from entities controlled by certain of our trustees and executive officers if approved by a majority of our independent trustees in accordance with our related party transaction policy.

DISPOSITIONS

We evaluate our hotels on a periodic basis to determine if these hotels continue to satisfy our investment criteria. We may sell hotels opportunistically based upon management’s forecast and review of the cash flow potential for the hotel and re-deploy the proceeds into debt reduction or acquisitions of hotels. We utilize several criteria to determine the long-term potential of our hotels. Hotels are identified for sale based upon management’s forecast of the strength of the hotel’s cash flows and its ability to remain accretive to our portfolio. Our decision to sell an asset is often predicated upon the size of the hotel, strength of the franchise, property condition and related costs to renovate the property, strength of market demand generators, projected supply of hotel rooms in the market, probability of increased valuation and geographic profile of the hotel. All asset sales are comprehensively reviewed by the Acquisition Committee of our Board of Trustees, consisting solely of independent trustees. During the time since our initial public offering in 1999 through December 31, 2012, we have sold a total of 42 hotels.
 

FINANCING

We intend to finance our long-term growth with common and preferred equity issuances and debt financing having staggered maturities. Our debt includes unsecured debt provided primarily under our $400 million unsecured credit facility which provides for a $150 million unsecured term loan and a $250 million unsecured revolving credit facility and secured mortgage debt in our hotel properties.  We anticipate using the undrawn portion of our $400 million senior unsecured credit facility to pay down mortgage debt and fund future acquisitions, as well as for capital improvements and working capital requirements. Subject to market conditions, we intend to repay amounts outstanding under the revolving line of credit portion of our credit facility from time to time with proceeds from periodic common and preferred equity issuances, long-term debt financings and cash flows from operations. When purchasing hotel properties, we may issue common and preferred limited partnership interests in our operating partnership as full or partial consideration to sellers.

FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS

We believe that the public’s perception of quality associated with a franchisor is an important feature in the operation of a hotel. Franchisors provide a variety of benefits for franchisees, which include national advertising, publicity and other marketing programs designed to increase brand awareness, training of personnel, continuous review of quality standards and centralized reservation systems. Most of our hotels operate under franchise licenses from national hotel franchisors, including:

Franchisor
 
Franchises
Marriott International
 
Marriott, Residence Inn, Courtyard by Marriott, TownePlace Suites
Hilton Hotels Corporation
 
Hilton, Hilton Garden Inn, Hampton Inn
IHG
 
Holiday Inn, Holiday Inn Express, Holiday Inn Express & Suites, Candlewood Suites
Hyatt Hotels Corporation
 
Hyatt House, Hyatt Place
Starwood Hotels
 
Sheraton Hotels
Choice Hotels
 
Comfort Inn

We anticipate that most of the hotels in which we invest will be operated pursuant to franchise licenses.

The franchise licenses generally specify certain management, operational, record-keeping, accounting, reporting and marketing standards and procedures with which the franchisee must comply. The franchise licenses obligate our lessees to comply with the franchisors’ standards and requirements with respect to training of operational personnel, safety, maintaining specified insurance, the types of services and products ancillary to guest room services that may be provided by our lessees, display of signage, and the type, quality and age of furniture, fixtures and equipment included in guest rooms, lobbies and other common areas.  In general, the franchise licenses require us to pay the franchisor a fee typically ranging between 6.0% and 9.3% of our hotel revenues.

PROPERTY MANAGEMENT

We work closely with our hotel management companies to operate our hotels and increase same hotel performance for our portfolio.
 
Through our TRS and our investment in joint ventures, we have retained the following management companies to operate our hotels, as of December 31, 2012:

   
Wholly Owned
   
Joint Ventures
   
Total
 
Manager
 
Hotels
   
Rooms
   
Hotels
   
Rooms
   
Hotels
   
Rooms
 
HHMLP
    57       7,616       -       -       57       7,616  
Waterford Hotel Group
    -       -       5       1,323       5       1,323  
Jiten Management
    -       -       2       282       2       282  
                                                 
Total
    57       7,616       7       1,605       64       9,221  

Each management agreement provides for a set term and is subject to early termination upon the occurrence of defaults and certain other events described therein. As required under the REIT qualification rules, all managers, including HHMLP, must qualify as an “eligible independent contractor” during the term of the management agreements.

Under the management agreements, the manager generally pays the operating expenses of our hotels. All operating expenses or other expenses incurred by the manager in performing its authorized duties are reimbursed or borne by our applicable TRS to the extent the operating expenses or other expenses are incurred within the limits of the applicable approved hotel operating budget. Our managers are not obligated to advance any of their own funds for operating expenses of a hotel or to incur any liability in connection with operating a hotel.

For their services, the managers receive a base management fee, and if a hotel meets and exceeds certain thresholds, an additional incentive management fee. For the year ended December 31, 2012 these thresholds were not met and incentive management fees were not earned.  The base management fee for a hotel is due monthly and is generally equal to 3% of the gross revenues associated with that hotel for the related month.

CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS, RENOVATION AND REFURBISHMENT

Under certain loan agreements, we have established capital reserves for our hotels to maintain the hotels in a condition that complies with their respective requirements. These capital reserves typically range from 3% to 4% of each hotel’s gross revenues.  In addition, we may upgrade hotels in our portfolio in order to capitalize on opportunities to increase revenue, and, as deemed necessary by our management, to seek to meet competitive conditions and preserve asset quality. We will also renovate hotels when we believe the investment in renovations will provide an attractive return to us through increased revenues and profitability and is in the best interests of our shareholders. We maintain a capital expenditures policy by which replacements and renovations are monitored to determine whether they qualify as capital improvements. All items that are deemed to be repairs and maintenance costs are expensed and recorded in Hotel Operating Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

OPERATING PRACTICES

Our hotel managers utilize centralized accounting and data processing systems, which facilitate financial statement and budget preparation, payroll management, quality control and other support functions for the on-site hotel management team. Our hotel managers also provide centralized control over purchasing and project management (which can create economies of scale in purchasing) while emphasizing local discretion within specific guidelines.

DISTRIBUTIONS

We have made 56 consecutive quarterly distributions to the holders of our common shares since our initial public offering in January 1999 and intend to continue to make regular quarterly distributions to our shareholders as approved by our Board of Trustees.
 
The following table sets forth distribution information for the last two calendar years.

Common Shares
 
Quarter to
which
Distribution
Relates
 
 Record Date
 
 Payment
Date
 
Class A
Common Shares and
Limited Partnership Unit
Per Share Distribution
Amount
 
2012
             
Fourth Quarter
 
12/31/2012
 
1/15/2013
  $ 0.06  
Third Quarter
 
10/1/2012
 
10/15/2012
  $ 0.06  
Second Quarter
 
6/29/2012
 
7/16/2012
  $ 0.06  
First Quarter
 
3/30/2012
 
4/16/2012
  $ 0.06  
                 
2011
               
Fourth Quarter
 
1/3/2012
 
1/13/2012
  $ 0.06  
Third Quarter
 
9/30/2011
 
10/14/2011
  $ 0.06  
Second Quarter
 
6/30/2011
 
7/15/2011
  $ 0.06  
First Quarter
 
3/31/2011
 
4/15/2011
  $ 0.05  

Preferred Shares
 
Quarter to
which
Distribution
Relates
 
 Record Date
 
 Payment
Date
 
Series A Preferred
Per Share Distribution
Amount
   
Series B Preferred
Per Share Distribution
Amount
 
2012
                   
Fourth Quarter
 
1/1/2013
 
1/15/2013
  $ 0.50     $ 0.50  
Third Quarter
 
10/1/2012
 
10/15/2012
  $ 0.50     $ 0.50  
Second Quarter
 
7/1/2012
 
7/16/2012
  $ 0.50     $ 0.50  
First Quarter
 
4/1/2012
 
4/16/2012
  $ 0.50     $ 0.50  
                         
2011
                       
Fourth Quarter
 
1/1/2012
 
1/17/2012
  $ 0.50     $ 0.50  
Third Quarter
 
10/1/2011
 
10/17/2011
  $ 0.50     $ 0.50  
Second Quarter
 
7/1/2011
 
7/15/2011
  $ 0.50     $ 0.24 *
First Quarter
 
4/1/2011
 
4/15/2011
  $ 0.50       N/A  

 
 
  *Partial period distribution

Our Board of Trustees will determine the amount of our future distributions in its sole discretion and its decision will depend on a number of factors, including the amount of funds from operations, our partnership’s financial condition, debt service requirements, capital expenditure requirements for our hotels, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and such other factors as the trustees deem relevant. Our ability to make distributions will depend on the profitability of and cash flow available from our hotels. There can be no assurance we will continue to pay distributions at the rates above or any other rate.  Additionally, we may, if necessary and allowable, pay taxable dividends of our shares or debt securities to meet the distribution requirements.  There are no assurances we will be able to continue to make quarterly distributions at the current rate.

SEASONALITY

Our hotels’ operations historically have been seasonal in nature, reflecting higher revenues and occupancy rates during the second and third quarters. This seasonality causes fluctuations in our quarterly operating revenues, profitability, and cash flow.

COMPETITION

The upper-upscale, upscale and mid-scale, limited service segments of the hotel business are highly competitive. Among many other factors, our hotels compete on the basis of location, room rates, quality, service levels, reputation, and reservation systems. There are many competitors in our market segments and new hotels are routinely being constructed.  Additions to supply create new competitors, in some cases without corresponding increases in demand for hotel rooms.
 

We also compete for hotel acquisitions with entities that have investment objectives similar to ours. This competition could limit the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us. It may also increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell to us, making it more difficult for us to acquire new properties on attractive terms.

The U.S. hotel industry is highly competitive. Our hotels compete with other hotels for guests in each of their markets on the basis of several factors, including, among others, location, quality of accommodations, convenience, brand affiliation, room rates, service levels and amenities, and level of customer service. Competition is often specific to the individual markets in which our hotels are located and includes competition from existing and new hotels operated under premium brands in the focused-service and full-service segments. We believe that hotels, such as our hotels, that are affiliated with leading national brands, such as the Marriott, Hilton, Hyatt, IHG or Starwood brands, will enjoy the competitive advantages associated with operating under such brands. Increased competition could harm our occupancy and revenues and may require us to provide additional amenities or make capital improvements that we otherwise would not have to make, which may materially and adversely affect our operating results and liquidity.

We face competition for the acquisition of hotels from institutional pension funds, private equity funds, REITs, hotel companies and others who are engaged in the acquisition of hotels. Some of these competitors have substantially greater financial and operational resources and access to capital than we have and may have greater knowledge of the markets in which we seek to invest. This competition may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us and decrease the attractiveness of the terms on which we may acquire our targeted hotel investments, including the cost thereof.
 
EMPLOYEES

As of December 31, 2012, we had 46 employees who were principally engaged in managing the affairs of the Company unrelated to property operations. Our relations with our employees are satisfactory.

TAX STATUS

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1999. As long as we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the portion of our income that is currently distributed to our shareholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we will be subject to certain state and local taxes on our income and property and to federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income.

We own interests in several TRSs. We may own up to 100% of the stock of a TRS. A TRS is a taxable corporation that may lease hotels under certain circumstances.  Overall, no more than 25% of the value of our assets may consist of securities of one or more TRSs. In addition, no more than 25% of our gross income for any year may consist of dividends from one or more TRSs and income from certain non-real estate related sources.

A TRS is permitted to lease hotels from us as long as the hotels are operated on behalf of the TRS by a third party manager that qualifies as an "eligible independent contractor." To qualify for that treatment, the manager must satisfy the following requirements:

 
1.
such manager is, or is related to a person who is, actively engaged in the trade or business of operating “qualified lodging facilities” for any person unrelated to us and the TRS;
 
2.
such manager does not own, directly or indirectly, more than 35% of our shares;
 
3.
no more than 35% of such manager is owned, directly or indirectly, by one or more persons owning 35% or more of our shares; and
 
4.
we do not directly or indirectly derive any income from such manager.

The deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to us is limited to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. A 100% excise tax is imposed on transactions between a TRS and us that are not on an arm’s-length basis.
 
 
REGULATION

General

Our hotels are subject to various U.S. federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to common areas and fire and safety requirements. We believe that each of our hotels has the necessary permits and approvals to operate its business.

Americans with Disabilities Act

Our hotels must comply with applicable provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1993, or ADA , to the extent that such hotels are "public accommodations" as defined by the ADA. The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our hotels where such removal is readily achievable. We believe that our hotels are in substantial compliance with the ADA and that we will not be required to make substantial capital expenditures to address the requirements of the ADA. However, non-compliance with the ADA could result in imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one, and we will continue to assess our hotels and to make alterations as appropriate in this respect.

Environmental Matters

Under various laws relating to the protection of the environment, a current or previous owner or operator (including tenants) of real estate may be liable for contamination resulting from the presence or discharge of hazardous or toxic substances at that property and may be required to investigate and clean up such contamination at that property or emanating from that property. These costs could be substantial and liability under these laws may attach without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of the contaminants, and the liability may be joint and several. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at our hotels may expose us to third-party liability or materially and adversely affect our ability to sell, lease or develop the real estate or to incur debt using the real estate as collateral.

Our hotels are subject to various federal, state, and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations that address a wide variety of issues, including, but not limited to, storage tanks, air emissions from emergency generators, storm water and wastewater discharges, lead-based paint, mold and mildew and waste management. Our hotels incur costs to comply with these laws and regulations and could be subject to fines and penalties for non-compliance.

Environmental laws require that owners or operators of buildings with asbestos-containing building materials properly manage and maintain these materials, adequately inform or train those who may come into contact with asbestos and undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, in the event that asbestos is disturbed during building renovation or demolition. These laws may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators for failure to comply with these requirements. In addition, third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos-containing building materials.

Some of our hotels may contain or develop harmful mold or suffer from other adverse conditions, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediation. The presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants at any of our hotels could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold or other airborne contaminants from the affected hotel or increase indoor ventilation. In addition, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability from guests or employees at our hotels and others if property damage or health concerns arise.

INSURANCE

We require comprehensive insurance to be maintained by our hotel management companies, including HHMLP, on each of our hotels, including liability and fire and extended coverage in amounts sufficient to permit the replacement of the hotel in the event of a total loss, subject to applicable deductibles. However, there are certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and acts of terrorism, that may be uninsurable or not economically insurable. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors also might make it impracticable to use insurance proceeds to replace the applicable hotel after such applicable hotel has been damaged or destroyed. Under such circumstances, the insurance proceeds received by us might not be adequate to restore our economic position with respect to the applicable hotel. If any of these or similar events occur, it may reduce the return from the attached property and the value of our investment.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT SEGMENTS

We are in the business of acquiring equity interests in hotels, and we manage our hotels as individual operating segments that meet the aggregation criteria and are therefore disclosed as one reportable segment. See “Note 1 Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for segment financial information.
 

Item 1A.
Risk Factors

You should carefully consider the following risks, together with the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations may suffer. As a result, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you may lose all or part of any investment you have in our securities.
 
Risks Related to the Economy and Credit Markets
 
The downgrade of the U.S. credit rating, failure to avoid the “fiscal cliff” in the U.S., and the economic crisis in Europe could negatively impact our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.

Recent U.S. debt ceiling and budget deficit concerns and the possibility that U.S. lawmakers may be unable to avoid the “fiscal cliff,” together with signs of deteriorating sovereign debt conditions in Europe, have increased the possibility of additional credit-rating downgrades and economic slowdowns, or a recession in the U.S. Although U.S. lawmakers passed legislation to raise the federal debt ceiling in 2011, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating on the U.S. from “AAA” to “AA+” in August 2011. The impact of any further downgrades to the U.S. government’s sovereign credit rating or its perceived creditworthiness could adversely affect the U.S. and global financial markets and economic conditions. In addition, some economists predict the U.S. economy could fall into recession if the U.S. government fails to achieve a plan to avoid the “fiscal cliff,” which generally refers to certain tax increases and automatic spending cuts that were scheduled to become effective at the end of 2012. The U.S. government adopted legislation in January 2013 to address the planned tax increases, but deferred many of the automatic spending cuts for two months.  In January 2013, the U.S. government adopted legislation to suspend the debt ceiling for three months. Further, Moody’s and Fitch have each warned that they may downgrade the U.S. government’s rating if the federal debt is not stabilized. A downgrade of the U.S. government’s credit rating or a default by the U.S. government to satisfy its debt obligations likely would create broader financial turmoil and uncertainty, which would weigh heavily on the global banking system. These developments, along with the European sovereign debt crisis, could cause interest rates and borrowing costs to rise and a reduction in the availability of credit, which may negatively impact the value of the assets in our portfolio, our results of operations including net income, liquidity and our ability to finance our assets on favorable terms.

In general, changes in market conditions could further adversely and materially affect our business and the value of our common shares could be negatively impacted.
 
Risk is an inherent part of our business, which, by its nature, does not produce predictable earnings. Our business is materially affected by a variety of industry and economic factors, including:
 
 
·
conditions in the global financial markets and economic conditions generally;
 
 
·
actions taken by the U.S. Federal Reserve and the U.S. Treasury;
 
 
·
changes in laws and regulations and industry practices;
 
 
·
actions taken by ratings agencies with respect to the U.S.’s credit rating; and
 
 
·
other market developments.
 
While there are signs of a recovery, the U.S. economy continues to be impacted by various global and domestic conditions and may continue to change adversely during 2013 and in future periods.  In response to the financial issues affecting the banking system and the financial markets, governments, regulators and central banks in the United States and worldwide have taken numerous steps to increase liquidity and to restore investor confidence.  Future government, legislative or regulatory actions, among the other factors discussed above, could materially adversely affect our business in many ways.

Recent economic conditions may continue to adversely affect the hotel industry.
 
The performance of the hotel industry has historically been linked to key macroeconomic indicators, such as GDP growth, employment, corporate earnings and investment, and travel demand. As these indicators improve, we anticipate that hotel operating fundamentals will improve as well. However, if the U.S. economy should falter and there is an extended period of economic weakness, a recession or a depression our revenues and profitability could be adversely affected.
 

A recession could result in declines in our average daily room rates, occupancy and RevPAR, and thereby have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
 
The performance of the hotel industry has traditionally been closely linked with the general economy. During the recession of 2008 and 2009, overall travel was reduced, which had a significant effect on our results of operations. While operating results have subsequently improved, uncertainty in the strength and direction of the recovery and continued high unemployment have slowed the pace of the overall economic recovery. Therefore, there can be no assurance that any increases in hotel revenues or earnings at our properties will continue for any number of reasons, including, but not limited to, slower than anticipated growth in the economy and changes in travel patterns. A stall in the economic recovery or a resurgent recession would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. If a property’s occupancy or room rates drop to the point where its revenues are insufficient to cover its operating expenses, then we would be required to spend additional funds for that property’s operating expenses.
 
In addition, if operating results decline at our hotels secured by mortgage debt, there may not be sufficient operating profit from the hotel to cover the debt service on the mortgage. In such a case, we may be forced to choose from a number of unfavorable options, including using corporate cash, drawing on our revolving credit facility, selling the hotel on disadvantageous terms, including an unattractive price, or defaulting on the mortgage debt and permitting the lender to foreclose. Any one of these options could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions to our shareholders.
 
Disruptions in the financial markets could adversely affect our ability to obtain sufficient third-party financing for our capital needs, including expansion, acquisition and other activities, on favorable terms or at all, which could materially and adversely affect us.
 
In recent years, the U.S. stock and credit markets have experienced significant price volatility, dislocations and liquidity disruptions, which have caused market prices of many stocks to fluctuate substantially and the spreads on prospective debt financings to widen considerably. These circumstances have materially impacted liquidity in the financial markets, making terms for certain financings less attractive, and in some cases have resulted in the unavailability of financing, even for companies which otherwise are qualified to obtain financing. In addition, several banks and other institutions that historically have been reliable sources of financing have gone out of business, which has reduced significantly the number of lending institutions and the availability of credit. Continued volatility and uncertainty in the stock and credit markets may negatively impact our ability to access additional financing for our capital needs, including expansion, acquisition activities and other purposes, on favorable terms or at all, which may negatively affect our business. Additionally, due to this uncertainty, we may in the future be unable to refinance or extend our debt, or the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of our existing debt. If we are not successful in refinancing our debt when it becomes due, we may be forced to dispose of hotels on disadvantageous terms, which might adversely affect our ability to service other debt and to meet our other obligations. A prolonged downturn in the financial markets may cause us to seek alternative sources of potentially less attractive financing and may require us to further adjust our business plan accordingly. These events also may make it more difficult or costly for us to raise capital through the issuance of new equity capital or the incurrence of additional secured or unsecured debt, which could materially and adversely affect us.

RISKS RELATED TO THE HOTEL INDUSTRY

Our hotels are subject to general hotel industry operating risks, which may impact our ability to make distributions to shareholders.

Our hotels are subject to all operating risks common to the hotel industry. The hotel industry has experienced volatility in the past, as have our hotels, and there can be no assurance that such volatility will not occur in the future. These risks include, among other things: competition from other hotels; over-building in the hotel industry that could adversely affect hotel revenues and hotel values; increases in operating costs due to inflation and other factors, which may not be offset by increased room rates; reduction in business and commercial travel and tourism; strikes and other labor disturbances of hotel employees; increases in energy costs and other expenses of travel; adverse effects of general and local economic conditions; and adverse political conditions. These factors could reduce revenues of the hotels and adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
 

The value of our hotels depends on conditions beyond our control.

Our hotels are subject to varying degrees of risk generally incident to the ownership of hotels. The underlying value of our hotels, our income and ability to make distributions to our shareholders are dependent upon the operation of the hotels in a manner sufficient to maintain or increase revenues in excess of operating expenses. Hotel revenues may be adversely affected by adverse changes in national economic conditions, adverse changes in local market conditions due to changes in general or local economic conditions and neighborhood characteristics, competition from other hotels, changes in interest rates and in the availability, cost and terms of mortgage funds, the impact of present or future environmental legislation and compliance with environmental laws, the ongoing need for capital improvements, particularly in older structures, changes in real estate tax rates and other operating expenses, adverse changes in governmental rules and fiscal policies, civil unrest, acts of terrorism, acts of God, including earthquakes, hurricanes and other natural disasters, acts of war, adverse changes in zoning laws, and other factors that are beyond our control. In particular, general and local economic conditions may be adversely affected by the previous terrorist incidents in New York and Washington, D.C. Our management is unable to determine the long-term impact, if any, of these incidents or of any acts of war or terrorism in the United States or worldwide, on the U.S. economy, on us or our hotels or on the market price of our common shares.

Our investments are concentrated in a single segment of the hotel industry.

Our primary business strategy is to continue to acquire high quality, upper-upscale, upscale and mid-scale limited service and extended-stay hotels in metropolitan markets with high barriers to entry in the Northeastern United States and other markets with similar characteristics. We are subject to risks inherent in concentrating investments in a single industry and in a specific market segment within that industry. The adverse effect on amounts available for distribution to shareholders resulting from a downturn in the hotel industry in general or the mid-scale segment in particular could be more pronounced than if we had diversified our investments outside of the hotel industry or in additional hotel market segments.

Operating costs and capital expenditures for hotel renovation may be greater than anticipated and may adversely impact distributions to shareholders.

Hotels generally have an ongoing need for renovations and other capital improvements, particularly in older structures, including periodic replacement of furniture, fixtures and equipment. Under the terms of our management agreements, we are obligated to pay the cost of expenditures for items that are classified as capital items under GAAP that are necessary for the continued operation of our hotels.

If these expenses exceed our estimate, the additional cost could have an adverse effect on amounts available for distribution to shareholders. In addition, we may acquire hotels in the future that require significant renovation. Renovation of hotels involves certain risks, including the possibility of environmental problems, construction cost overruns and delays, uncertainties as to market demand or deterioration in market demand after commencement of renovation and the emergence of unanticipated competition from hotels.

The hotel industry is highly competitive.

The hotel industry is highly competitive. Our hotels compete with other existing and new hotels in their geographic markets. Many of our competitors have substantially greater marketing and financial resources than we do. Effective marketing by our competitors may reduce our hotel revenue and adversely impact our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Risks of operating hotels under franchise licenses, which may be terminated or not renewed, may impact our ability to make distributions to shareholders.

The continuation of our franchise licenses is subject to specified operating standards and other terms and conditions. All of the franchisors of our hotels periodically inspect our hotels to confirm adherence to their operating standards. The failure to maintain such standards or to adhere to such other terms and conditions could result in the loss or cancellation of the applicable franchise license. It is possible that a franchisor could condition the continuation of a franchise license on the completion of capital improvements that the trustees determine are too expensive or otherwise not economically feasible in light of general economic conditions, the operating results or prospects of the affected hotel. In that event, the trustees may elect to allow the franchise license to lapse or be terminated.
 
 
There can be no assurance that a franchisor will renew a franchise license at each option period. If a franchisor terminates a franchise license, we may be unable to obtain a suitable replacement franchise, or to successfully operate the hotel independent of a franchise license. The loss of a franchise license could have a material adverse effect upon the operations or the underlying value of the related hotel because of the loss of associated name recognition, marketing support and centralized reservation systems provided by the franchisor. Our loss of a franchise license for one or more of the hotels could have a material adverse effect on our partnership’s revenues and our amounts available for distribution to shareholders.

The hotel industry is seasonal in nature.

The hotel industry is seasonal in nature. Generally, hotel revenues are greater in the second and third quarters than in the first and fourth quarters. Our hotels’ operations historically reflect this trend.  As a result, our results of operations may vary on a quarterly basis, impairing comparability of operating data and financial performance on a quarter to quarter basis.

The cyclical nature of the hotel industry may cause fluctuations in our operating performance, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
 
The hotel industry historically has been highly cyclical in nature. Fluctuations in lodging demand and, therefore, operating performance, are caused largely by general economic and local market conditions, which subsequently affect levels of business and leisure travel. In addition to general economic conditions, new hotel room supply is an important factor that can affect the hotel industry's performance, and overbuilding has the potential to further exacerbate the negative impact of an economic recession. Room rates and occupancy, and thus RevPAR, tend to increase when demand growth exceeds supply growth. We can provide no assurances regarding whether, or the extent to which, lodging demand will rebound or whether any such rebound will be sustained. An adverse change in lodging fundamentals could result in returns that are substantially below our expectations or result in losses, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

The increasing use of Internet travel intermediaries by consumers may materially and adversely affect our profitability.
 
Although a majority of rooms sold on the Internet are sold through websites maintained by the hotel franchisors and managers, some of our hotel rooms will be booked through Internet travel intermediaries. Typically, these Internet travel intermediaries purchase rooms at a negotiated discount from participating hotels, which could result in lower room rates than the franchisor or manager otherwise could have obtained. As these Internet bookings increase, these intermediaries may be able to obtain higher commissions, reduced room rates or other significant contract concessions from us and any hotel management companies that we engage. Moreover, some of these Internet travel intermediaries are attempting to offer hotel rooms as a commodity, by increasing the importance of price and general indicators of quality, such as "three-star downtown hotel," at the expense of brand identification or quality of product or service. If consumers develop brand loyalties to Internet reservations systems rather than to the brands under which our hotels are franchised, the value of our hotels could deteriorate and our business could be materially and adversely affected. Although most of the business for our hotels is expected to be derived from traditional channels, if the amount of sales made through Internet intermediaries increases significantly, room revenues may flatten or decrease and our profitability may be materially and adversely affected.

The need for business-related travel and, thus, demand for rooms in our hotels may be materially and adversely affected by the increased use of business-related technology.
 
The increased use of teleconference and video-conference technology by businesses could result in decreased business travel as companies increase the use of technologies that allow multiple parties from different locations to participate at meetings without traveling to a centralized meeting location, such as our hotels. To the extent that such technologies play an increased role in day-to-day business and the necessity for business-related travel decreases, demand for our hotel rooms may decrease and we could be materially and adversely affected.

Future terrorist attacks or changes in terror alert levels could adversely affect travel and hotel demand.
 
Previous terrorist attacks and subsequent terrorist alerts have adversely affected the U.S. travel and hospitality industries over the past several years, often disproportionately to the effect on the overall economy.  The impact that terrorist attacks in the U.S. or elsewhere could have on domestic and international travel and our business in particular cannot be determined but any such attacks or the threat of such attacks could have a material adverse effect on our business, our ability to finance our business, our ability to insure our properties and our results of operations and financial condition.
 
The outbreak of influenza or other widespread contagious disease could reduce travel and adversely affect hotel demand.
 
The widespread outbreak of infectious or contagious disease in the U.S. could reduce travel and adversely affect the hotel industry generally and our business in particular.
 
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS

We face risks associated with the use of debt, including refinancing risk.

At December 31, 2012, we had outstanding long-term debt, excluding capital leases, of $792.7 million. We may borrow additional amounts from the same or other lenders in the future. Some of these additional borrowings may be secured by our hotels.  Our declaration of trust (as amended and restated, our “Declaration of Trust”) does not limit the amount of indebtedness we may incur. We cannot assure you that we will be able to meet our debt service obligations and, to the extent that we cannot, we risk the loss of some or all of our hotels to foreclosure. Our indebtedness contains various financial and non-financial events of default covenants customarily found in financing arrangements.  Our mortgages payable typically require that specified debt service coverage ratios be maintained with respect to the financed properties before we can exercise certain rights under the loan agreements relating to such properties.  If the specified criteria are not satisfied, the lender may be able to escrow cash flow from the applicable hotels.

There is also a risk that we may not be able to refinance existing debt or that the terms of any refinancing will not be as favorable as the terms of the existing debt. If principal payments due at maturity cannot be refinanced, extended or repaid with proceeds from other sources, such as new equity capital or sales of properties, we may be forced to use operating income to repay such indebtedness, which would have a material adverse effect on our cash available for distribution in years when significant “balloon” payments come due.  In some such cases, we may lose the applicable hotels to foreclosure.  This risk is particularly significant.  See Item 7A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a detailed schedule of debt principal repayments.

We face high levels of competition for the acquisition of hotel properties and other assets, which may impede our ability to make future acquisitions or may increase the cost of these acquisitions.

We face competition for investment opportunities in high quality, upper-upscale, upscale and mid-scale limited service and extended-stay hotels from entities organized for purposes substantially similar to our objectives, as well as other purchasers of hotels. We compete for such investment opportunities with entities that have substantially greater financial resources than we do, including access to capital or better relationships with franchisors, sellers or lenders. Our competitors may generally be able to accept more risk than we can manage prudently and may be able to borrow the funds needed to acquire hotels on more favorable terms. Competition may generally reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us and increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell.

We do not operate our hotels and, as a result, we do not have complete control over implementation of our strategic decisions.

In order for us to satisfy certain REIT qualification rules, we cannot directly or indirectly operate or manage any of our hotels.  Instead, we must engage an independent management company to operate our hotels.  As of December 31, 2012, our TRSs and our joint venture partnerships have engaged independent management companies as the property managers for all of our wholly owned hotels leased to our TRSs and the respective hotels for the joint ventures, as required by the REIT qualification rules.  The management companies operating the hotels make and implement strategic business decisions with respect to these hotels, such as decisions with respect to the repositioning of a franchise or food and beverage operations and other similar decisions.  Decisions made by the management companies operating the hotels may not be in the best interests of a particular hotel or of the Company.  Accordingly, we cannot assure you that the management companies will operate our hotels in a manner that is in our best interests.  In addition, the financial condition of the management companies could impact their future ability to operate our hotels.

Our acquisitions may not achieve expected performance, which may harm our financial condition and operating results.

We anticipate that acquisitions will largely be financed with the net proceeds of securities offerings and through externally generated funds such as borrowings under our $400 million revolving credit facility and other secured and unsecured debt financing. Acquisitions entail risks that investments will fail to perform in accordance with expectations and that estimates of the cost of improvements necessary to acquire and market properties will prove inaccurate, as well as general investment risks associated with any new real estate investment. As a result, we may not be able to generate enough cash from these hotels to make debt service payments or pay operating expenses.
 
 
Acquisition of hotels with limited operating history may not achieve desired results.

Many of our recent acquisitions are newly-developed hotels. Newly-developed or newly-renovated hotels do not have the operating history that would allow our management to make pricing decisions in acquiring these hotels based on historical performance. The purchase prices of these hotels are based upon management’s expectations as to the operating results of such hotels, subjecting us to risks that such hotels may not achieve anticipated operating results or may not achieve these results within anticipated time frames. As a result, we may not be able to generate enough cash flow from these hotels to make debt payments or pay operating expenses. In addition, room revenues may be less than that required to provide us with our anticipated return on investment. In either case, the amounts available for distribution to our shareholders could be reduced.

We may be unable to integrate acquired hotels into our operations or otherwise manage our planned growth, which may adversely affect our operating results.

We have recently acquired a substantial number of hotels. We cannot assure you that we or HHMLP will be able to adapt our management, administrative, accounting and operational systems and arrangements, or hire and retain sufficient operational staff to successfully integrate these investments into our portfolio and manage any future acquisitions of additional assets without operational disruptions or unanticipated costs. Acquisition of hotels generates additional operating expenses that we will be required to pay. As we acquire additional hotels, we will be subject to the operational risks associated with owning new lodging properties. Our failure to integrate successfully any future acquisitions into our portfolio could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and our ability to pay dividends to shareholders or make other payments in respect of securities issued by us.
 
We face risks associated with the development of a 93-room oceanfront tower adjacent to our Miami Beach hotel.

We are continuing the construction of an additional 93-room oceanfront tower at the site our 263-room Courtyard, Miami, FL hotel. This construction project exposes us to several risks, including construction cost overruns and delays; the investment not resulting in the returns on investment that we expect; closure of part of the adjacent hotel for longer than expected; and reduction in demand for the portion of the hotel that remains open while construction and other capital improvements are underway. These costs and delays could have a material adverse effect on the operating results of our business, financial condition, results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Most of our hotels are located in the Eastern United States and many are located in the area from Washington, DC to Boston, MA, which may increase the effect of any regional or local economic conditions.

Most of our hotels are located in the area from Washington, DC to Boston, MA.  As a result, regional or localized adverse events or conditions, such as an economic recession, could have a significant adverse effect on our operations, and ultimately on the amounts available for distribution to shareholders.

Our ownership of hotels in the New York City market exposes us to concentration risk, which may lead to increased volatility in our results of operations.
 
As of December 31, 2012, our consolidated portfolio of hotels in New York City have accounted for approximately 40% of our hotel operating revenues.  The operations of our consolidated portfolio of hotels in New York City will have a material impact on our overall results of operations.  Concentration risk with respect to our ownership of hotels in the New York City market may lead to increased volatility in our overall results of operations.  Our overall results of operations may be adversely affected and our ability to pay distributions to our shareholders could be negatively impacted in the event:

 
·
downturns in lodging fundamentals are more severe or prolonged in New York City compared to the United States as a whole;
 
·
negative economic conditions are more severe or prolonged in New York City compared to other areas, due to concentration of the financial industry in New York or otherwise;
 
·
we adopt an unsuccessful strategy to ramp up and stabilize operations at our newly acquired New York hotels; or
 
·
New York City is impacted by other unforeseen events beyond our control, including, among others, terrorist attacks and travel related health concerns including pandemics and epidemics.

We own a limited number of hotels and significant adverse changes at one hotel may impact our ability to make distributions to shareholders.

As of December 31, 2012, our portfolio consisted of 57 wholly-owned limited and full service properties and joint venture investments in seven hotels with a total of 9,221 rooms. However, certain larger hotels or hotels in certain locations disproportionately impact our performance.  Accordingly, significant adverse changes in the operations of any one of these hotels could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance and on our ability to make expected distributions to our shareholders.
 

We focus on acquiring hotels operating under a limited number of franchise brands, which creates greater risk as the investments are more concentrated.

We place particular emphasis in our acquisition strategy on hotels similar to our current hotels. We invest in hotels operating under a few select franchises and therefore will be subject to risks inherent in concentrating investments in a particular franchise brand, which could have an adverse effect on amounts available for distribution to shareholders. These risks include, among others, the risk of a reduction in hotel revenues following any adverse publicity related to a specific franchise brand or the failure of the franchisor to maintain a certain brand.

We depend on key personnel.

We depend on the services of our existing senior management team, including Jay H. Shah, Neil H. Shah, Ashish R. Parikh and Michael R. Gillespie, to carry out our business and investment strategies. As we expand, we will continue to need to attract and retain qualified additional senior management. We have employment agreements with certain of our senior management; however, the employment agreements may be terminated under certain circumstances. The termination of an employment agreement and the loss of the services of any of our key management personnel, or our inability to recruit and retain qualified personnel in the future, could have an adverse effect on our business and financial results.

We may engage in hedging transactions, which can limit our gains and increase exposure to losses.

We may enter into hedging transactions intended to protect us from the effects of interest rate fluctuations on floating rate debt and also intended to protect our portfolio of mortgage assets from interest rate and prepayment rate fluctuations. Our hedging transactions may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase such items, and futures and forward contracts. Hedging activities may not have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations or financial condition. No hedging activity can completely insulate us from the risks associated with changes in interest rates and prepayment rates. Moreover, interest rate hedging could fail to protect us or could adversely affect our operating results because, among other things:

 
·
Available interest rate hedging may not correspond directly with the interest rate risk for which protection is sought.
 
·
The duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related liability.
 
·
The party at risk in the hedging transaction may default on its obligation to pay.
 
·
The credit quality of the party owing money on the hedge may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging transaction.
 
·
The value of derivatives used for hedging may be adjusted from time to time in accordance with accounting rules to reflect changes in fair value.

Downward adjustments, or “mark-to-market losses,” relating to hedging instruments may reduce our shareholders’ equity.

Hedging involves risk and typically involves costs, including transaction costs, which may reduce returns on our investments. These costs increase as the period covered by the hedging increases and during periods of rising and volatile interest rates. These costs will also limit the amount of cash available for distribution to shareholders. The REIT qualification rules may also limit our ability to enter into hedging transactions. We generally intend to hedge as much of our interest rate risk as our management determines is in our best interests given the cost of such hedging transactions and the requirements applicable to REITs. If we are unable to hedge effectively because of the cost of such hedging transactions or the limitations imposed by the REIT rules, we will face greater interest risk exposure than may be commercially prudent.
 
We and our hotel managers rely on information technology in our operations, and any material failure, inadequacy, interruption or security failure of that technology could harm our business.
 
We and our hotel managers rely on information technology networks and systems, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information, and to manage or support a variety of business processes, including financial transactions and records, personal identifying information, reservations, billing and operating data. We and our hotel managers purchase some of our information technology from vendors, on whom our systems depend. We and our hotel managers rely on commercially available systems, software, tools and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmission and storage of confidential operator and other customer information, such as individually identifiable information, including information relating to financial accounts. Although we and our hotel managers have taken steps we believe are necessary to protect the security of our information systems and the data maintained in those systems, it is possible that the safety and security measures taken will not be able to prevent the systems’ improper functioning or damage, or the improper access or disclosure of personally identifiable information such as in the event of cyber attacks. Security breaches, including physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, attacks by hackers and similar breaches, can create system disruptions, shutdowns or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. Any failure to maintain proper function, security and availability of our information systems could interrupt our operations, damage our reputation, subject us to liability claims or regulatory penalties and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

RISKS RELATED TO REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT GENERALLY

Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties and harm our financial condition.

Real estate investments are relatively illiquid. Our ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in operating, economic and other conditions will be limited. No assurances can be given that the fair market value of any of our hotels will not decrease in the future.

If we suffer losses that are not covered by insurance or that are in excess of our insurance coverage limits, we could lose investment capital and anticipated profits.

We require comprehensive insurance to be maintained on each of the our hotels, including liability and fire and extended coverage in amounts sufficient to permit the replacement of the hotel in the event of a total loss, subject to applicable deductibles. However, there are certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and acts of terrorism, that may be uninsurable or not economically insurable. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors also might make it impracticable to use insurance proceeds to replace the applicable hotel after such applicable hotel has been damaged or destroyed. Under such circumstances, the insurance proceeds received by us might not be adequate to restore our economic position with respect to the applicable hotel. If any of these or similar events occur, it may reduce the return from the attached property and the value of our investment.

Real estate is subject to property taxes.

Each hotel is subject to real and personal property taxes. The real and personal property taxes on hotel properties in which we invest may increase as property tax rates change and as the properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. Many state and local governments are facing budget deficits that have led many of them, and may in the future lead others to, increase assessments and/or taxes. If property taxes increase, our ability to make expected distributions to our shareholders could be adversely affected.

Environmental matters could adversely affect our results.

Operating costs may be affected by the obligation to pay for the cost of complying with existing environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, as well as the cost of future legislation. Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in such property. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. The cost of complying with environmental laws could materially adversely affect amounts available for distribution to shareholders. Phase I environmental assessments have been obtained on all of our hotels. Nevertheless, it is possible that these reports do not reveal all environmental liabilities or that there are material environmental liabilities of which we are unaware.

Our hotel properties may contain or develop harmful mold, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediating the problem.
 
When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Concern about indoor exposure to mold has been increasing, as exposure to mold may cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, the presence of mold to which hotel guests or employees could be exposed at any of our properties could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold from the affected property, which could be costly. In addition, exposure to mold by guests or employees, management company employees or others could expose us to liability if property damage or health concerns arise.
 
Costs associated with complying with the ADA may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

Under the ADA, all public accommodations are required to meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. While we believe that our hotels are substantially in compliance with these requirements, a determination that we are not in compliance with the ADA could result in imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. In addition, changes in governmental rules and regulations or enforcement policies affecting the use and operation of the hotels, including changes to building codes and fire and life-safety codes, may occur. If we were required to make substantial modifications at the hotels to comply with the ADA or other changes in governmental rules and regulations, our ability to make expected distributions to our shareholders could be adversely affected.

RISKS RELATED TO CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

Due to conflicts of interest, many of our existing agreements may not have been negotiated on an arm’s-length basis and may not be in our best interest.

Some of our officers and trustees have ownership interests in HHMLP and in entities with which we have entered into transactions, including hotel acquisitions and dispositions and certain financings. Consequently, the terms of our agreements with those entities, including hotel contribution or purchase agreements, the Option Agreement between our operating partnership and some of the trustees and officers and our property management agreements with HHMLP may not have been negotiated on an arm’s-length basis and may not be in the best interest of all our shareholders.  Transactions with related persons must be approved by a majority of the Company’s independent trustees.  The Board of Trustee’s policy requires any independent trustee with a direct or indirect interest in the transaction to excuse himself from any consideration of the related person transaction in which he has an interest.

Conflicts of interest with HHMLP may result in decisions that do not reflect our best interests.

The following officers and trustees own collectively approximately 37% of HHMLP: Hasu P. Shah, Jay H. Shah, Neil H. Shah, David L. Desfor and Kiran P. Patel.  Conflicts of interest may arise with respect to the ongoing operation of our hotels including, but not limited to, the enforcement of the contribution and purchase agreements, the Option Agreement and our property management agreements with HHMLP.  These officers and trustees also make decisions for our company with respect to property management.  Consequently, these officers and trustees may not act solely in the best interests of our shareholders relating to property management by HHMLP.

Conflicts of interest relating to sales or refinancing of hotels acquired from some of our trustees and officers may lead to decisions that are not in our best interest.

Some of our non-independent trustees and officers have unrealized gains associated with their interests in the hotels we have acquired from them and, as a result, any sale of these hotels or refinancing or prepayment of principal on the indebtedness assumed by us in purchasing these hotels may cause adverse tax consequences to such trustees and officers. Therefore, our interests and the interests of these individuals may be different in connection with the disposition or refinancing of these hotels.

Agreements to provide financing of hotel development projects owned by some of our trustees and officers may not have been negotiated on an arm’s-length basis and may not be in our best interest.

Some of our officers and trustees have ownership interests in projects to develop hotel properties with which we have entered into agreements to provide financing. Consequently, the terms of our agreements with those entities, including interest rates and other key terms, may not have been negotiated on an arm’s-length basis and may not be in the best interest of all our shareholders.

Competing hotels owned or acquired by some of our trustees and officers may hinder these individuals from spending adequate time on our business.

Some of our trustees and officers own hotels and may develop or acquire new hotels, subject to certain limitations. Such ownership, development or acquisition activities may materially affect the amount of time these officers and trustees devote to our affairs. Some of our trustees and officers operate hotels that are not owned by us, which may materially affect the amount of time that they devote to managing our hotels. Pursuant to the Option Agreement, as amended, we have an option to acquire any hotels developed by our officers and trustees.
 

RISKS RELATING TO OUR STRUCTURE

There are no assurances of our ability to make distributions in the future.

We intend to pay quarterly dividends and to make distributions to our shareholders in amounts such that all or substantially all of our taxable income in each year, subject to certain adjustments, is distributed. However, our ability to pay dividends may be adversely affected by the risk factors described in this annual report. All distributions will be made at the discretion of our Board of Trustees and will depend upon our earnings, our financial condition, maintenance of our REIT status and such other factors as our board may deem relevant from time to time. There are no assurances of our ability to pay dividends in the future.

An increase in market interest rates may have an adverse effect on the market price of our securities.

One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether to buy or sell our securities is our dividend rate as a percentage of our share or unit price, relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates increase, prospective investors may desire a higher dividend or interest rate on our securities or seek securities paying higher dividends or interest. The market price of our common shares likely will be based primarily on the earnings and return that we derive from our investments and income with respect to our properties and our related distributions to shareholders, and not from the market value or underlying appraised value of the properties or investments themselves. As a result, interest rate fluctuations and capital market conditions can affect the market price of our common shares. For instance, if interest rates rise without an increase in our dividend rate, the market price of our common shares could decrease because potential investors may require a higher dividend yield on our common shares as market rates on interest-bearing securities, such as bonds, rise. In addition, rising interest rates would result in increased interest expense on our variable rate debt, thereby adversely affecting cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and pay dividends.

Holders of our outstanding preferred shares have dividend, liquidation and other rights that are senior to the rights of the holders of our common shares.

Our Board of Trustees has the authority to designate and issue preferred shares with liquidation, dividend and other rights that are senior to those of our common shares. As of December 31, 2012, 2,400,000 Series A Preferred Shares and 4,600,000 Series B Preferred Shares were issued and outstanding. Holders of our outstanding preferred shares are entitled to cumulative dividends before any dividends may be declared or set aside on our common shares. Upon our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, before any payment is made to holders of our common shares, holders of our preferred shares are entitled to receive a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share plus any accrued and unpaid distributions. This will reduce the remaining amount of our assets, if any, available to distribute to holders of our common shares. In addition, holders of our preferred shares have the right to elect two additional trustees to our Board of Trustees whenever dividends are in arrears in an aggregate amount equivalent to six or more quarterly dividends, whether or not consecutive.

Future offerings of equity securities, which would dilute our existing shareholders and may be senior to our common shares for the purposes of dividend distributions, may adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making additional offerings of equity securities, including classes of preferred or common shares. Upon liquidation, holders of our preferred shares and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common shares. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing shareholders or reduce the market price of our common shares, or both. Our preferred shares, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments that could limit our ability to make a dividend distribution to the holders of our common shares. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our shareholders bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common shares and diluting their share holdings in us.

We may change our distribution policy in the future.
 
In the past we have reduced the quarterly distribution paid to our shareholders, and we may reduce or eliminate the quarterly distribution paid to our shareholders in the future. The decision to declare and pay distributions on our common shares in the future, as well as the timing, amount and composition of any such future distributions, will be at the sole discretion of our board of trustees and will depend on our earnings, funds from operations, liquidity, financial condition, capital requirements, contractual prohibitions or other limitations under our indebtedness and preferred shares, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, state law and such other factors as our board of trustees deems relevant. Any change in our distribution policy could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common shares.
 
 
The market price of our securities could be volatile and could decline, resulting in a substantial or complete loss of your investment in our securities.
 
The stock markets have experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. As a result, the market price of our securities could be similarly volatile, and investors in our securities may experience a decrease in the value of their investments, including decreases unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. The market price of our securities could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors, including:
 
 
·
our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies;
 
·
actual or anticipated differences in our operating results;
 
·
changes in our revenues or earnings estimates or recommendations by securities analysts;  publication of research reports about us or our industry by securities analysts;
 
·
additions and departures of key personnel;
 
·
strategic decisions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions, divestments, spin-offs, joint ventures, strategic investments or changes in business strategy;
 
·
the passage of legislation or other regulatory developments that adversely affect us or our industry;
 
·
speculation in the press or investment community;  actions by institutional shareholders;
 
·
changes in accounting principles;
 
·
terrorist acts; and
 
·
general market conditions, including factors unrelated to our performance.

In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in their stock price. This type of litigation could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources.
 
Future sales of our common shares or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our commons shares could depress the market price of our common shares.
 
We cannot predict whether future sales of our common shares or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our commons shares or the availability of these securities for resale in the open market will decrease the market price of our common shares. Sales of a substantial number of these securities in the public market, including sales upon the redemption of operating partnership units held by the limited partners of our operating partnership (“Common Units”),(other than us and our subsidiaries or the perception that these sales might occur, may cause the market price of our common shares to decline and you could lose all or a portion of your investment.
 
Future issuances of our common shares or other securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our common shares, including, without limitation, operating Common Units in connection with property, portfolio or business acquisitions and issuances of equity-based awards to participants in our equity incentive plans, could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common shares. Future issuances of these securities also could adversely affect the terms upon which we obtain additional capital through the sale of equity securities. In addition, future sales or issuances of our common shares may be dilutive to existing shareholders.
 
IRSA and its affiliates beneficially own a significant percentage of our common shares, which could result in significant influence over the outcome of matters submitted to the vote of our shareholders.

IRSA and its affiliates beneficially own a significant percentage of our common shares outstanding.  In addition, Real Estate Investment Group, L.P., or REIG, an affiliate of IRSA, has certain preemptive rights to acquire additional shares of beneficial interest.  Daniel Elsztain, an affiliate and executive officer of IRSA, recently served on our Board of Trustees.  Accordingly, IRSA and its affiliates have significant influence over us and the ownership level of IRSA and its affiliates may discourage or prevent others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer, including potential acquisitions that might involve a premium price for our common shares or otherwise be in the best interest of our shareholders. This concentration of ownership may result in decisions affecting us that may not serve the best interest of all shareholders.
 
 
Our Board of Trustees may issue additional shares that may cause dilution or prevent a transaction that is in the best interests of our shareholders.

Our Declaration of Trust authorizes the Board of Trustees, without shareholder approval, to:

 
·
amend the Declaration of Trust to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of beneficial interest or the number of shares of beneficial interest of any class or series that we have the authority to issue;
 
·
cause us to issue additional authorized but unissued common shares or preferred shares; and
 
·
classify or reclassify any unissued common or preferred shares and to set the preferences, rights and other terms of such classified or reclassified shares, including the issuance of additional common shares or preferred shares that have preference rights over the common shares with respect to dividends, liquidation, voting and other matters

Any one of these events could cause dilution to our common shareholders, delay, deter or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for the common shares or otherwise not be in the best interest of holders of common shares.

Our Declaration of Trust contains a provision that creates staggered terms for our Board of Trustees.

Our Board of Trustees is divided into two classes, the terms of which expire every two years. Trustees of each class are elected for two-year terms upon the expiration of their current terms and each year one class of trustees will be elected by the shareholders. The staggered terms of trustees may delay, deter or prevent a tender offer, a change in control of us or other transaction, even though such a transaction might be in the best interest of the shareholders.

The Maryland Business Combination Law may discourage a third party from acquiring us.

Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended (MGCL), as applicable to REITs, certain “business combinations” (including certain issuances of equity securities) between a Maryland REIT and any person who beneficially owns ten percent or more of the voting power of the trust’s shares, or an affiliate thereof, are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which such shareholder acquired at least ten percent of the voting power of the trust’s shares. Thereafter, any such business combination must be approved by two super-majority shareholder votes unless, among other conditions, the trust’s common shareholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested shareholder for its common shares. These provisions could delay, deter or prevent a change of control or other transaction in which holders of our equity securities might receive a premium for their shares above then-current market prices or which such shareholders otherwise might believe to be in their best interests.

Our Board of Trustees may change our investment and operational policies without a vote of the common shareholders.

Our major policies, including our policies with respect to acquisitions, financing, growth, operations, debt limitation and distributions, are determined by our Board of Trustees. The Trustees may amend or revise these and other policies from time to time without a vote of the holders of the common shares.

Our Board of Trustees and management make decisions on our behalf, and shareholders have limited management rights.

Our shareholders have no right or power to take part in our management except through the exercise of voting rights on certain specified matters. The board of trustees is responsible for our management and strategic business direction, and our management is responsible for our day-to-day operations. Certain policies of our board of trustees may not be consistent with the immediate best interests of our shareholders.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR TAX STATUS

If we fail to qualify as a REIT, our dividends will not be deductible to us, and our income will be subject to taxation, which would reduce the cash available for distribution to our shareholders.

We have operated and intend to continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. However, the federal income tax laws governing REITs are extremely complex, and interpretations of the federal income tax laws governing REITs are limited. Our continued qualification as a REIT will depend on our continuing ability to meet various requirements concerning, among other things, the ownership of our outstanding shares of beneficial interest, the nature of our assets, the sources of our income, and the amount of our distributions to our shareholders. Moreover, new tax legislation, administrative guidance or court decisions, in each instance potentially with retroactive effect, could make it more difficult or impossible for us to qualify as a REIT. If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and did not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we would not be allowed a deduction for distributions to our shareholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our shareholders, which in turn could have an adverse impact on the value of, and trading prices for, our shares. Unless entitled to relief under certain Internal Revenue Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. As a result, amounts available for distribution to shareholders would be reduced for each of the years involved. Although we currently intend to operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT, it is possible that future economic, market, legal, tax or other considerations may cause our Board of Trustees, with the consent of holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares, to revoke our REIT election.
 

Failure to make required distributions would subject us to tax, which would reduce the cash available for distribution to our shareholders.

In order to qualify as a REIT, each year we must distribute to our shareholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. To the extent that we satisfy the 90% distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed income. In addition, we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which our actual distributions in any year are less than the sum of:

 
·
85% of our REIT ordinary income for that year;
 
·
95% of our REIT capital gain net income for that year; and
 
·
100% of our undistributed taxable income required to be distributed from prior years.

We have distributed, and intend to continue to distribute, our income to our shareholders in a manner intended to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax. Differences in timing between the recognition of income and the related cash receipts or the effect of required debt amortization payments could require us to borrow money or sell assets to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax in a particular year. In the past we have borrowed, and in the future we may borrow, to pay distributions to our shareholders and the limited partners of our operating partnership. Such borrowings subject us to risks from borrowing as described herein.  Additionally, we may, if necessary and allowable, pay taxable dividends of our shares or debt securities to meet the distribution requirements.

If the leases of our hotels to our TRSs are not respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT.

To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income tests, under which specified percentages of our gross income must be derived from certain sources, such as “rents from real property.”  Rents paid to our operating partnership by our TRSs pursuant to the lease of our hotels constitute substantially all of our gross income.  In order for such rent to qualify as “rents from real property” for purposes of the gross income tests, the leases must be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes and not be treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. If our leases are not respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT.

If our hotel managers do not qualify as “eligible independent contractors,” we would fail to qualify as a REIT.
 
Rent paid by a lessee that is a “related party tenant” of ours will not be qualifying income for purposes of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs. We lease our hotels to our TRSs. A TRS will not be treated as a “related party tenant,” and will not be treated as directly operating a lodging facility, which is prohibited, to the extent the TRS leases properties from us that are managed by an “eligible independent contractor.”
 
We believe that the rent paid by our TRSs is qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests and that our TRSs qualify to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries for federal income tax purposes, but there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge this treatment or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS successfully challenged this treatment, we would likely fail to satisfy the asset tests applicable to REITs and substantially all of our income would fail to qualify for the gross income tests. If we failed to satisfy either the asset or gross income tests, we would likely lose our REIT qualification for federal income tax purposes, unless certain relief provisions applied.
 
If our hotel managers do not qualify as “eligible independent contractors,” we would fail to qualify as a REIT. Each of the hotel management companies that enters into a management contract with our TRSs must qualify as an “eligible independent contractor” under the REIT rules in order for the rent paid to us by our TRSs to be qualifying income for our REIT income test requirements. Among other requirements, in order to qualify as an eligible independent contractor a manager must not own more than 35% of our outstanding shares (by value) and no person or group of persons can own more than 35% of our outstanding shares and the ownership interests of the manager, taking into account only owners of more than 5% of our shares and, with respect to ownership interests in such managers that are publicly traded, only holders of more than 5% of such ownership interests. Complex ownership attribution rules apply for purposes of these 35% thresholds. Although we intend to continue to monitor ownership of our shares by our hotel managers and their owners, there can be no assurance that these ownership levels will not be exceeded.
 
The federal income tax laws governing REITs are complex.

We intend to continue to operate in a manner that will qualify us as a REIT under the federal income tax laws. The REIT qualification requirements are extremely complex, however, and interpretations of the federal income tax laws governing qualification as a REIT are limited. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in operating so we can continue to qualify as a REIT. At any time, new laws, interpretations, or court decisions may change the federal tax laws or the federal income tax consequences of our qualification as a REIT.

Complying with REIT requirements may force us to sell otherwise attractive investments.

To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy certain requirements with respect to the character of our assets.  If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct such failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter (by, possibly, selling assets notwithstanding their prospects as an investment) to avoid losing our REIT status.  If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, and the failure exceeds a de minimis threshold, we may be able to preserve our REIT status if (a) the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, (b) we dispose of the assets causing the failure within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identified the failure, (c) we file a schedule with the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, describing each asset that caused the failure, and (d) we pay an additional tax of the greater of $50,000 or the product of the highest applicable tax rate multiplied by the net income generated on those assets.  As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments.

The prohibited transactions tax may limit our ability to engage in transactions, including dispositions of assets, that would be treated as sales for federal income tax purposes.
 
A REIT's net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. We may be subject to the prohibited transaction tax upon a disposition of real property.  Although a safe harbor to the characterization of the sale of real property by a REIT as a prohibited transaction is available, we cannot assure you that we can comply with the safe harbor or that we will avoid owning property that may be characterized as held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business.  Consequently, we may choose not to engage in certain sales of real property or may conduct such sales through a TRS.

We may pay taxable dividends partly in shares and partly in cash, in which case shareholders may sell our shares to pay tax on such dividends, placing downward pressure on the market price of our shares.
 
We may make taxable dividends that are payable partly in cash and partly in shares.  The IRS has issued private letter rulings to other REITs treating certain distributions that are paid partly in cash and partly in shares as dividends that would satisfy the REIT annual distribution requirement and qualify for the dividends paid deduction for federal income tax purposes. Those rulings may be relied upon only by the taxpayers to whom they were issued, but we could request a similar ruling from the IRS. In addition, the IRS issued a revenue procedure creating a temporary safe harbor that authorized publicly traded REITs to make elective cash/stock dividends, but that temporary safe harbor has expired. Accordingly, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to make taxable dividends payable in cash and shares.  Although we have no current intention of paying dividends in our own shares, if in the future we choose to pay dividends in our own shares, our shareholders may be required to pay tax in excess of the cash that they receive.  If a U.S. shareholder sells the shares that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our shares at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. shareholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in shares. If we pay dividends in our own shares and a significant number of our shareholders determine to sell our shares in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our shares.
 
Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.

The tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income” payable to domestic stockholders taxed at individual rates may be 20% or lower. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates or qualified dividend income. Although this legislation does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are taxed at individual rates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our common shares.

Our share ownership limitation may prevent certain transfers of our shares.

In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares of beneficial interest may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include certain entities).  Our Declaration of Trust prohibits direct or indirect ownership (taking into account applicable ownership provisions of the Internal Revenue Code) of more than (a) 9.9% of the aggregate number of outstanding common shares of any class or series or (b) 9.9% of the aggregate number of outstanding preferred shares of any class or series of outstanding preferred shares by any shareholder or group, or the Ownership Limitation.  Generally, the shares of beneficial interest owned by related or owners will be aggregated for purposes of the Ownership Limitation.  The ownership limitation could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control or other transaction in which holders of shares might receive a premium for their shares over the then prevailing market price or which such holders might believe to be otherwise in their best interests.  Any transfer of shares of beneficial interest that would violate the Ownership Limitation, cause us to have fewer than 100 shareholders, cause us to be “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code or cause us to own, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the ownership interest in any tenant (other than a TRS) will be void, the intended transferee of such shares will be deemed never to have had an interest in such shares, and such shares will be designated “shares-in-trust.”  Further, we will be deemed to have been offered shares-in-trust for purchase at the lesser of the market price (as defined in the Declaration of Trust) on the date we accept the offer and the price per share in the transaction that created such shares-in-trust (or, in the case of a gift, devise or non-transfer event (as defined in the Declaration of Trust), the market price on the date of such gift, devise or non-transfer event).  Therefore, the holder of shares of beneficial interest in excess of the Ownership Limitation will experience a financial loss when such shares are purchased by us, if the market price falls between the date of purchase and the date of redemption.

We have, in limited instances from time to time, permitted certain owners to own shares in excess of the Ownership Limitation.  The Board of Trustees has waived the Ownership Limitation for such owners after following procedures set out in our Declaration of Trust, under which the owners requesting the waivers provided certain information and our counsel provided certain legal opinions.  These waivers established levels of permissible share ownership for the owners requesting the waivers that are higher than the Ownership Limitation.  If the owners acquire shares in excess of the higher limits, those shares are subject to the risks described above in the absence of further waivers.  The Board of Trustees is not obligated to grant such waivers and has no current intention to do so with respect to any owners who (individually or aggregated as the Declaration of Trust requires) do not currently own shares in excess of the Ownership Limitation.

Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments

None.
 

Item 2.

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the 57 hotels we wholly owned as of December 31, 2012, all of which are consolidated on the Company’s financial statements.
 
Market
 
Brand
 
Property Name
 
Year Opened
 
Number of Rooms
                 
Boston Urban and Metro
 
Courtyard
 
Brookline/Boston, MA*
 
2003
 
188
 
 
Hawthorn Suites by Wyndham
 
Franklin, MA
 
1999
 
100
 
 
Holiday Inn Express
 
Cambridge, MA
 
1997
 
112
 
 
Independent
 
Boston, MA
 
2004
 
80
 
 
Residence Inn
 
Framingham, MA
 
2000
 
125
 
 
Residence Inn
 
Norwood, MA
 
2006
 
96
                 
California - Arizona
 
Courtyard
 
Los Angeles, CA
 
2008
 
260
 
 
Hyatt House
 
Pleasant Hill, CA
 
2003
 
142
 
 
Hyatt House
 
Pleasanton, CA
 
1998
 
128
 
 
Hyatt House
 
Scottsdale, AZ
 
1999
 
164
                 
Central PA
 
Comfort Inn
 
Harrisburg, PA
 
2011
 
76
 
 
Hampton Inn
 
Hershey, PA
 
1999
 
110
 
 
Holiday Inn Express
 
Hershey, PA
 
1997
 
78
 
 
Residence Inn
 
Carlisle, PA
 
2007
 
78
 
 
TownePlace Suites
 
Harrisburg, PA
 
2008
 
107
                 
Connecticut - Rhode Island
 
Hampton Inn
 
Smithfield, RI
 
2008
 
101
 
 
Hampton Inn
 
West Haven, CT
 
2009
 
98
                 
DC Metro
 
Courtyard
 
Alexandria, VA
 
2006
 
203
 
 
Holiday Inn Express
 
Camp Springs, MD
 
2008
 
127
 
 
Residence Inn
 
Tysons Corner, VA
 
1984
 
96
 
 
Residence Inn
 
Greenbelt, MD
 
2002
 
120
 
 
Hyatt House
 
Gaithersburg, MD
 
1998
 
140
 
 
Hampton Inn
 
Washington, DC
 
2005
 
228
 
 
Independent
 
Washington, DC
 
2007
 
152
                 
Miami
 
Courtyard
 
Miami, FL
 
2004
 
263
                 
NYC Urban
 
Candlewood Suites
 
Times Square, NY
 
2009
 
188
 
 
Hampton Inn
 
Chelsea/Manhattan, NY
 
2003
 
144
 
 
Hampton Inn
 
Herald Square, Manhattan, NY
 
2005
 
136
 
 
Hampton Inn
 
Seaport, NY
 
2006
 
65
 
 
Hampton Inn
 
Times Square, NY
 
2009
 
184
 
 
Hampton Inn
 
Pearl Street, Manhattan, NY
 
2012
 
81
 
 
Hilton Garden Inn
 
JFK Airport, NY*
 
2005
 
191
 
 
Hilton Garden Inn
 
TriBeCa, NY
 
2009
 
151
 
 
Holiday Inn
 
Wall Street, NY
 
2010
 
113
 
 
Holiday Inn Express
 
Times Square, NY
 
2009
 
210
 
 
Holiday Inn Express
 
Water Street, Manhattan, NY
 
2010
 
112
 
 
Holiday Inn Express
 
Madison Square Garden, Manhattan, NY
 
2006
 
228
 
 
Independent
 
Fifth Ave, NY
 
2007
 
70
 
 
Independent
 
TriBeCa, NY
 
2008
 
45
 
 
Independent
 
Brooklyn, NY
 
2008
 
93
 
 
Sheraton Hotel
 
JFK Airport, NY*
 
2008
 
150
                 
NY-NJ Metro
 
Hampton Inn
 
Brookhaven, NY
 
2002
 
161
 
 
Holiday Inn Express
 
Hauppauge, NY
 
2001
 
133
 
 
Holiday Inn Express
 
Chester, NY
 
2006
 
80
 
 
Hyatt House
 
White Plains, NY
 
2000
 
159
 
 
Hyatt House
 
Bridgewater, NJ
 
1998
 
128
                 
Philadelphia Metro
 
Courtyard
 
Langhorne, PA
 
2002
 
118
 
 
Courtyard
 
Wilmington, DE
 
1999
 
78
 
 
Courtyard
 
Ewing/Princeton, NJ
 
2004
 
130
 
 
Holiday Inn Express
 
Oxford Valley, PA
 
2004
 
88
 
 
Holiday Inn Express & Suites
 
King of Prussia, PA
 
2004
 
155
 
 
Hyatt Place
 
King of Prussia, PA
 
2010
 
129
 
 
Independent
 
Wilmington, DE
 
1999
 
71
 
 
Residence Inn
 
Langhorne, PA
 
2007
 
100
 
 
Sheraton Hotel
 
New Castle, DE
 
2011
 
192
                 
Philadelphia Urban
 
Hampton Inn
 
Philadelphia, PA
 
2001
 
250
 
 
Independent
 
Philadelphia, PA
 
2004
 
111
                 
           
TOTAL ROOMS
 
7,616

*Our interests in these hotels are subject to ground leases which, in most cases, require monthly rental payment as determined by the applicable ground lease agreement.  These ground lease agreements typically have terms of between 75 and 99 years.
 
 
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the seven hotels we owned through unconsolidated joint ventures with third parties as of December 31, 2012.

Market
 
Brand
 
Location
Year
Opened
 
Number of
Rooms
   
HHLP
Ownership
in Asset
   
HHLP
Preferred
Return
   
 Consolidated/ 
Unconsolidated
                                 
Boston Urban and Metro
 
Courtyard
 
South Boston, MA**
2005
    164       50.0 %     N/A    
Unconsolidated
 
 
Holiday Inn Express
 
South Boston, MA**
1998
    118       50.0 %     N/A    
Unconsolidated
                                       
Connecticut - Rhode Island
 
Courtyard
 
Norwich, CT
1997
    144       66.7 %     8.5 %  
Unconsolidated
 
 
Courtyard
 
Warwick, RI***
2003
    92       66.7 %     8.5 %  
Unconsolidated
 
 
Hilton
 
Hartford, CT
2005
    393       8.8 %     8.5 %  
Unconsolidated
 
 
Marriott
 
Mystic, CT
2001
    285       66.7 %     8.5 %  
Unconsolidated
 
 
Marriott
 
Hartford, CT
2005
    409       15.0 %     8.5 %  
Unconsolidated
                                       
       
TOTAL ROOMS
      1,605                      

**The joint ventures interests in these hotels are subject to ground leases which, in most cases, require monthly rental payment as determined by the applicable ground lease agreements.  These ground lease agreements typically have terms of between 75 and 99 years.
***This property was sold on February 1, 2013.
 

Item 3.
Legal Proceedings

We are not presently subject to any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any other litigation threatened against us, other than routine actions for negligence or other claims and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are expected to be covered by liability insurance and all of which collectively are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations or business or financial condition.

Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

 
PART II

Item 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

MARKET INFORMATION

Our common shares trade  on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “HT.”  As of February 20, 2013, the last reported closing price per common share on the New York Stock Exchange was $5.26. The following table sets forth the high and low sales price per common share reported on the New York Stock Exchange as traded and the dividends paid on the common shares for each of the quarters indicated.

Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
High
   
Low
   
Dividend Per
Common Share
 
Fourth Quarter
  $ 5.11     $ 4.19     $ 0.06  
Third Quarter
  $ 5.71     $ 4.66     $ 0.06  
Second Quarter
  $ 5.91     $ 4.74     $ 0.06  
First Quarter
  $ 5.64     $ 4.76     $ 0.06  
 
Year Ended December 31, 2011
 
High
   
Low
   
Dividend Per
Common Share
 
Fourth Quarter
  $ 4.95     $ 3.14     $ 0.06  
Third Quarter
  $ 5.88     $ 3.20     $ 0.06  
Second Quarter
  $ 6.20     $ 5.10     $ 0.06  
First Quarter
  $ 6.94     $ 5.78     $ 0.05  

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

At December 31, 2012 we had approximately 118 shareholders of record of our common shares. Common Units  (which are redeemable by holders for cash or, at our option, for common shares on a one for one basis, subject to certain limitations) were held by approximately 40 entities and persons, including our company.

Our Declaration of Trust, subject to certain exceptions, provides that no person may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, more than 9.9% of the number of outstanding common shares of any class or series of common shares or the number of outstanding preferred shares of any class or series of preferred shares. For this purpose, a person includes a “group” and a “beneficial owner” as those terms are used for purposes of Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Any transfer of common or preferred shares that would result in any person owning, directly or indirectly, common or preferred shares in excess of the ownership limitation, result in the common and preferred shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution), result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code, or cause us to own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant (other than a TRS) of our or our operating partnership’s real property, within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code, will be null and void, and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in such common or preferred shares.

Any person who acquires or attempts to acquire common or preferred shares in violation of the foregoing restrictions, or any person who owned common or preferred shares that were transferred to a trust, will be required to give written notice immediately to us of such event and provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such transfer on our status as a REIT.

In addition, the trustees, upon receipt of advice of counsel or other evidence satisfactory to the trustees, in their sole and absolute discretion, may, in their sole and absolute discretion, exempt a person from the ownership limitation under certain circumstances. The foregoing restrictions continue to apply until the trustees determine that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT and there is an affirmative vote of two-thirds of the number of common and preferred shares entitled to vote on such matter at a regular or special meeting of our shareholders.
 

All certificates representing common or preferred shares bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.

The restrictions on ownership and transfer described above could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control or other transaction in which holders of some, or a majority, of our common shares might receive a premium for their shares over the then-prevailing market price or which such holders might believe to be otherwise in their best interest.

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN

See Part III, Item 12, for a description of securities authorized for issuance under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

DISTRIBUTION INFORMATION

Future distributions, if any, will be at the discretion of our Board of Trustees and will depend on our actual cash flow, financial condition, capital requirements, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and such other factors as we may deem relevant. Our ability to make distributions will depend on our receipt of distributions from our operating partnership and lease payments from our lessees with respect to the hotels. We rely on the profitability and cashflows of our hotels to generate sufficient cash flow for distributions.  Additionally, we may, if necessary and allowable, pay taxable dividends of our shares or debt securities to meet the distribution requirements.

SHARE PERFORMANCE GRAPH
 
The following graph compares the yearly change in our cumulative total shareholder return on our common shares for the period beginning December 31, 2007 and ending December 31, 2012, with the yearly changes in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index (the S&P 500 Index), the Russell 2000 Index, and the SNL Hotel REIT Index (“Hotel REIT Index”) for the same period, assuming a base share price of $100.00 for our common shares, the S&P 500 Index, the Russell 2000 Index and the Hotel REIT Index for comparative purposes. The Hotel REIT Index is comprised of publicly traded REITs which focus on investments in hotel properties. Total shareholder return equals appreciation in stock price plus dividends paid and assumes that all dividends are reinvested. The performance graph is not indicative of future investment performance. We do not make or endorse any predictions as to future share price performance.

   
2007
   
2008
   
2009
   
2010
   
2011
   
2012
 
Hersha Hospitality Trust
  $ 100.00     $ 36.50     $ 44.03     $ 96.08     $ 74.60     $ 80.06  
Russell 2000
    100.00       66.21       84.20       106.82       102.36       119.09  
Hotel REITs Index
    100.00       40.00       66.25       93.17       81.05       91.43  
S&P 500
    100.00       63.00       79.67       91.67       93.61       108.59  

Graphic
 
 
Item 6.
Selected Financial Data

The following sets forth selected financial and operating data on a historical consolidated basis. The following data should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.  Where applicable, the operating results of certain real estate assets which have been sold or otherwise qualify as held for disposition are included in discontinued operations for all periods presented.

HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(In thousands, except per share data)

   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
 
Revenue:
                             
Hotel Operating Revenues
  $ 356,005     $ 282,534     $ 236,191     $ 176,299     $ 195,342  
Interest Income From Development Loans
    1,998       3,427       4,686       7,411       7,890  
Other Revenues
    212       333       325       700       1,054  
Total Revenue
    358,215       286,294       241,202       184,410       204,286  
Operating Expenses:
                                       
Hotel Operating Expenses
    196,119       153,227       129,978       100,434       107,500  
Hotel Ground Rent
    835       877       941       733       607  
Real Estate and Personal Property Taxes and Property Insurance
    22,527       19,062       16,924       12,088       10,617  
General and Administrative (including Share Based Payments of $9,678, $7,590, $6,649, $2,143, $1,501)
    23,427       18,532       16,862       7,496       8,655  
Acquisition and Terminated Transaction Costs
    1,187       2,742       4,802       352       380  
Loss from Impairment of Assets
    -       -       -       21,407       21,004  
Depreciation and Amortization
    57,364       50,780       43,946       35,727       31,622  
Total Operating Expenses
    301,459       245,220       213,453       178,237       180,385  
Operating Income
    56,756       41,074       27,749       6,173       23,901  
Interest Income
    1,311       456       168       207       302  
Interest Expense
    43,967       40,478       39,622       39,186       36,851  
Other Expense
    788       970       463       164       128  
Loss on Debt Extinguishment
    3,324       123       878       -       1,539  
Income (Loss) before (Loss) Income from Unconsolidated Joint Venture Investments and Discontinued Operations
    9,988       (41 )     (13,046 )     (32,970 )     (14,315 )
                                         
(Loss) Income from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
    (232 )     210       (1,751 )     (2,649 )     1,373  
Impairment of Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture
    -       (1,677 )     -       (4,541 )     (1,890 )
(Loss) Gain from Remeasurement of Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
    (1,892 )     2,757       4,008       1,868       -  
Net Income (Loss) from Unconsolidated Joint Venture Investments
    (2,124 )     1,290       2,257       (5,322 )     (517 )
                                         
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes
    7,864       1,249       (10,789 )     (38,292 )     (14,832 )
                                         
Income Tax Benefit
    3,355       -       -       -       -  
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
    11,219       1,249       (10,789 )     (38,292 )     (14,832 )
                                         
Discontinued Operations:
                                       
Gain on Disposition of Hotel Properties
    11,231       991       347       -       2,888  
Impairment of Assets Held for Sale
    -       (30,248 )     (2,433 )     (17,703 )     -  
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations
    (232 )     1,040       (4,327 )     (2,462 )     1,515  
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations
    10,999       (28,217 )     (6,413 )     (20,165 )     4,403  
                                         
Net Income (Loss)
    22,218       (26,968 )     (17,202 )     (58,457 )     (10,429 )
                                         
Loss Allocated to Noncontrolling Interests
    158       1,734       845       8,596       1,621  
Preferred Distributions
    (14,000 )     (10,499 )     (4,800 )     (4,800 )     (4,800 )
                                         
Net Income (Loss) applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ 8,376     $ (35,733 )   $ (21,157 )   $ (54,661 )   $ (13,608 )
                                         
Basic Loss from Continuing Operations applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ (0.01 )   $ (0.05 )   $ (0.11 )   $ (0.99 )   $ (0.31 )
Diluted Loss from Continuing Operations applicable to Common Shareholders (1)
    (0.01 )   $ (0.05 )   $ (0.11 )   $ (0.99 )   $ (0.31 )
Dividends declared per Common Share
    0.24     $ 0.23     $ 0.20     $ 0.33     $ 0.72  
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(In thousands, except per share data)

   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
 
Balance Sheet Data
                             
Net investment in hotel properties
  $ 1,466,713     $ 1,341,536     $ 1,245,851     $ 938,954     $ 982,082  
Assets Held for Sale
    -       93,829       -       21,073       -  
Noncontrolling Interests Common Units
    15,484       16,862       19,410       27,126       34,781  
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
    15,321       14,955       19,894       14,733       18,739  
Noncontrolling Interests Consolidated Joint Ventures
    -       307       474       267       1,854  
Noncontrolling Interests Consolidated Variable Interest Entity
    476       -       -       -       -  
Shareholder's equity
    829,828       730,673       683,434       302,197       349,963  
Total assets
    1,707,679       1,630,909       1,457,277       1,111,044       1,178,405  
Total debt
    792,708       758,374       694,720       724,551       743,781  
Debt related to Assets Held for Sale
    -       61,758       -       20,892       -  
Other Data
                                       
Net cash provided by operating activities
  $ 71,756     $ 58,668     $ 42,486     $ 21,532     $ 53,894  
Net cash used in investing activities
  $ (55,817 )   $ (230,758 )   $ (310,567 )   $ (8,921 )   $ (114,870 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
  $ 28,552     $ 131,062     $ 322,273     $ (16,904 )   $ 64,346  
Weighted average shares outstanding
                                       
Basic
    187,415,270       168,753,382       134,370,172       51,027,742       45,184,127  
Diluted (1)
    187,415,270       168,753,382       134,370,172       51,027,742       45,184,127  
 
(1)           Income allocated to noncontrolling interest in HHLP has been excluded from the numerator and Common Units have been omitted from the denominator for the purpose of computing diluted earnings per share since the effect of including these amounts in the numerator and denominator would have no impact.
 

Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Certain statements appearing in this Item 7 are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws.  Our actual results may differ materially. We caution you not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. See “CAUTIONARY FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS” for additional information regarding our forward-looking statements.

BACKGROUND

As of December 31, 2012, we owned interests in 64 hotels in major urban gateway markets including New York, Washington, Boston, Philadelphia, Los Angeles and Miami, including 57 wholly-owned hotels and interests in seven hotels owned through unconsolidated joint ventures. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 1999.  For purposes of the REIT qualification rules, we cannot directly operate any of our hotels. Instead, we must lease our hotels to a third party lessee or to a TRS, provided that the TRS engages an eligible independent contractor to manage the hotels. As of December 31, 2012, we have leased all of our hotels to a wholly-owned TRS, a joint venture owned TRS, or an entity owned by our wholly-owned TRS. Each of these TRS entities will pay qualifying rent, and the TRS entities have entered into management contracts with qualified independent managers, including HHMLP, with respect to our hotels. We intend to lease all newly acquired hotels to a TRS. The TRS structure enables us to participate more directly in the operating performance of our hotels. The TRS directly receives all revenue from, and funds all expenses relating to, hotel operations. The TRS is also subject to income tax on its earnings.

OVERVIEW

In 2012, lodging fundamentals in those markets on which we focus, and for our Company in particular, continued to stabilize following the economic recession that began in 2008 and 2009.  Throughout 2009, the decrease in lodging demand accelerated, resulting in one of the largest RevPAR declines ever in the modern lodging industry.  Early in 2010, fundamentals in the U.S. lodging industry began showing signs of improvement with demand for rooms increasing in many major markets, as general economic indicators began to experience improvement.  As a result, the lodging industry experienced increases in occupancy in the early and middle parts of 2010, and with increasing demand, rates began to rebound in the middle and latter parts of 2010 and in 2011, particularly in major urban markets such as New York, Boston and Washington, D.C.  These positive trends continued, strengthened and expanded to other markets during the latter part of the year, resulting in continued growth in ADR and RevPAR during  2012.

During this same period, we took steps to better position our portfolio and our Company to take advantage of the anticipated economic recovery.    During 2012, we accessed the equity capital markets, raising approximately $128,558 in net proceeds from the sale of our common shares and also replaced our $250,000 secured credit facility with a new $400,000 unsecured credit facility.  We believe these improvements to our overall capitalization improved our financial stability and flexibility coming out of the economic downturn.

We simultaneously repositioned our portfolio to focus more on high barrier to entry and major urban markets.  In 2011 and 2012, we acquired nine hotels, including two in New York, one in Boston, one in Los Angeles, one in Miami, one in Philadelphia and one in Washington, D.C., bringing our New York City portfolio to 16 hotels comprising a substantial portion of our overall portfolio performance.  In 2012 we closed on the sale of 18 hotels in secondary and tertiary markets that we determined to be non-core.  During 2011 and continuing in 2012, we executed on renovations programs at a number of properties, accelerating those projects in our core markets in an effort to take advantage of what we expect to be stronger market conditions and operating fundamentals.  These efforts to reposition our portfolio yielded positive results in 2012.  As shown on the tables below under “Summary of Operating Results,” in 2012, we grew occupancy by 180 basis points, ADR by 5.5% and RevPAR by 8.1% across our consolidated hotels.  This 2012 growth follows our 2011 results, a year in which we grew occupancy by 40 basis points, ADR 6.5% and RevPAR by 7.1% across our consolidated hotels.  Increases were similar across our joint venture portfolio.

In October of 2012, our hotels across the eastern seaboard experienced the effects of Hurricane Sandy. Most of our hotels in these markets were able to remain open and continued to serve our guests through the duration of the storm. Our Holiday Inn Express on Water Street in lower Manhattan experienced flooding and was forced to close. We anticipate this hotel will remain closed through the first and second quarters of 2013 while restoration is in process. Five of our other lower Manhattan properties lost power during the storm and were forced to operate on limited power from back-up generators while the properties were without power. All five of these hotels have had their power restored and resumed operations within days after the storm. Our hotel redevelopment project at 32 Pearl Street in lower Manhattan experienced some flooding at the job site and experienced some damage to the project. The development of Hyatt Union Square, for which we are under agreement to acquire, was not significantly damaged during the storm. Both projects have experienced delays due to time required to repair damage caused by the storm and the availability of resources in lower Manhattan to continue construction efforts. The continued strength in business transient and leisure transient customer demand in Manhattan has partially offset the losses from the storm.  We are continuing to evaluate the financial impact of Hurricane Sandy and our ability to recover, through our Insurance policies, any loss due to interruption of business or damage to property. See Note 2, “Investment in Hotel Properties” of the consolidated financial statements for additional discussion of the impact of Hurricane Sandy on our properties.
 

As we enter 2013, we believe the improvements in our equity and debt capitalization and repositioning of our portfolio better enables us to capitalize on further stabilization in lodging fundamentals.  During 2013, we expect continued improvements in ADR, RevPAR and operating margins, led by hotels in our core urban markets of New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Miami and Los Angeles.  We will continue to seek acquisition opportunities in urban centers and central business districts.  In addition, we will continue to look, for attractive opportunities to dispose of properties in tertiary markets at favorable prices, potentially redeploying that capital in our focus markets.  We do not expect to actively pursue acquisitions made through joint ventures in the near term; however, we may seek to buy out, or sell our joint venture interest to, select existing joint venture partners.  We do not expect to actively pursue additional development loans or land leases in the near term.  While property joint ventures, development loans and land leases played an important role in our growth in the past, we do not expect them to play the same role in our near-term future.
 
Although we are planning for continued stabilization and improvement in consumer and commercial spending and lodging demand during 2013, the manner in which the economy will recover, if at all, is not predictable, and certain core economic metrics, including unemployment, are not rebounding as quickly as many had hoped.  In addition, the availability for hotel level financing for the acquisition of new hotels is not recovering as quickly as the economy or broader financial markets.  As a result, there can be no assurances that we will be able to grow hotel revenues, occupancy, ADR or RevPAR at our properties as we hope.  Factors that might contribute to less than anticipated performance include those described under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and other documents that we may file with the SEC in the future.  We will continue to cautiously monitor recovery in lodging demand and rates, our third party hotel managers, our remaining portfolio of hotel development loans and our performance generally.
 
SUMMARY OF OPERATING RESULTS

The following table outlines operating results for the Company’s portfolio of wholly owned hotels and those owned through joint venture interests that are consolidated in our financial statements for the three years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

CONSOLIDATED HOTELS:
                         
 
 
   
Year Ended
2012
   
Year Ended
2011
   
2012
vs. 2011
% Variance
   
Year Ended
2010
   
2011
vs. 2010
% Variance
 
                               
Occupancy
    75.8 %     73.9 %     1.8 %     73.5 %     0.4 %
Average Daily Rate (ADR)
  $ 162.65     $ 154.15       5.5 %   $ 144.73       6.5 %
Revenue Per Available Room (RevPAR)
  $ 123.22     $ 113.96       8.1 %   $ 106.36       7.1 %
                                         
Room Revenues
  $ 328,305     $ 269,825       21.7 %   $ 226,198       19.3 %
Hotel Operating Revenues
  $ 355,815     $ 282,534       25.9 %   $ 236,191       19.6 %

RevPAR for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased 8.1% for our consolidated hotels when compared to the same period in 2011.  This represents a growth trend in RevPAR which is primarily due to the improving economic conditions in 2012 and the acquisition of hotel properties consummated in 2012 that are accretive to RevPAR.
 

The following table outlines operating results for the three years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 for hotels we own through an unconsolidated joint venture interest (excluding those hotel assets which are currently held for sale). These operating results reflect 100% of the operating results of the property including our interest and the interests of our joint venture partners and other noncontrolling interest holders.

UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURES:
                             
   
Year Ended
2012
   
Year Ended
2011
   
2012
vs. 2011
% Variance
   
Year Ended
2010
   
2011
vs. 2010
% Variance
 
                               
Occupancy
    57.0 %     67.6 %     -10.6 %     64.4 %     3.2 %
Average Daily Rate (ADR)
  $ 180.82     $ 152.38       18.7 %   $ 145.39       4.8 %
Revenue Per Available Room (RevPAR)
  $ 103.08     $ 103.03       0.0 %   $ 93.61       10.1 %
                                         
Room Revenues
  $ 64,044     $ 67,303       -4.8 %   $ 59,707       12.7 %
Total Revenues
  $ 86,571     $ 89,849       -3.6 %   $ 80,539       11.6 %

For our unconsolidated hotels, RevPAR for the year ended December 31, 2012 was consistent with RevPAR achieved during the year ended December 31, 2011.  The relatively stable results in RevPAR during the year of 2012 when compared to the year of 2011 is primarily the result of joint venture assets that have been sold or those that are now consolidated for financial reporting purposes and therefore no longer contribute to the operating results of our portfolio of unconsolidated hotels.  Properties such as the Holiday Inn Express 29th Street, New York, NY, which, as of June 18, 2012, is no longer included in our unconsolidated joint ventures, tended to have higher occupancy and ADR than the remaining hotels in our unconsolidated joint venture hotel portfolio, resulting in the lower room revenues and revenues in the above table.  When compared to the same period in 2011, the remaining unconsolidated joint venture hotels follow the same growth trend for RevPAR as experienced in our same store consolidated hotels reported below during the year ended December 31, 2012.

On January 1, 2010, we acquired our joint venture partner’s membership interest in PRA Glastonbury, LLC, the owner of the Hilton Garden Inn, Glastonbury, CT, and this hotel became one of our wholly-owned hotels.  As a result of this transaction, our joint venture partner acquired our membership interest in PRA Suites at Glastonbury, LLC, the owner of the Homewood Suites, Glastonbury, CT.  In addition, this table excludes the operations of the Courtyard South Boston, MA for the period between April 13, 2010 and July 1, 2011.  On April 13, 2010, this hotel became one of our consolidated joint venture properties due to our acquisition of the mortgage note secured by Courtyard South Boston, MA.  The acquisition of this mortgage note caused us to be the primary beneficiary of the joint venture that owns the Courtyard South Boston, MA.  On July 1, 2011, Courtyard South Boston, MA transferred back to an unconsolidated joint venture property and is represented for six months worth of activity in the table above.

We define a same store hotel as one that is currently consolidated and that we have owned in whole or part for the entire period being reported and the comparable period in the prior year.  Based on this definition, for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, there are 48 same store consolidated hotels and 40 same store consolidated hotels for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010.  The following table outlines operating results for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, for our same store consolidated hotels:

SAME STORE CONSOLIDATED HOTELS:

SAME STORE CONSOLIDATED HOTELS
                                   
   
(includes 48 hotels in both years)
   
(includes 40 hotels in both years)
 
   
Year Ended
2012
   
Year Ended
2011
   
2012 vs. 2011
Variance
   
Year Ended
2011
   
Year Ended
2010
   
2011 vs. 2010
% Variance
 
                                     
Occupancy
    76.3 %     74.3 %     2.0 %     72.6 %     72.4 %     0.2 %
Average Daily Rate (ADR)
  $ 161.27     $ 155.73       3.6 %   $ 144.55     $ 137.95       4.8 %
Revenue Per Available Room (RevPAR)
  $ 123.03     $ 115.72       6.3 %   $ 104.87     $ 99.85       5.0 %
                                                 
Room Revenues
  $ 283,174     $ 265,753       6.6 %   $ 186,802     $ 177,739       5.1 %
Total Revenues
  $ 295,487     $ 276,876       6.7 %   $ 195,631     $ 186,526       4.9 %

 
COMPARISON OF THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012 TO DECEMBER 31, 2011
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Revenue

Our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2012 consisted of hotel operating revenues, interest income from our development loan program and other revenue. Hotel operating revenues were approximately 99.4% and 98.7% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.  Hotel operating revenues are recorded for wholly owned hotels that are leased to our wholly owned TRS and hotels owned through joint venture interests that were consolidated in our financial statements during the period. Hotel operating revenues increased $73,471, or 26.0%, from $282,534 for the year ended December 31, 2011 to $356,005 for the same period in 2012.  This increase in hotel operating revenues was primarily attributable to the acquisitions consummated in 2012 and 2011 and increases in hotel operating revenues for our 48 same store consolidated hotels.We acquired interests in the following four consolidated hotels that contributed the following operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Brand
 
Location
 
Acquisition Date
 
Rooms
   
2012
Hotel Operating
Revenues
 
                     
The Rittenhouse Hotel
 
Philadelphia, PA
 
March 1, 2012
    111       16,809  
Bulfinch Hotel
 
Boston, MA
 
May 7, 2012
    80       2,791  
Holiday Inn Express
 
New York, NY
 
June 18, 2012
    228       10,170  
Courtyard by Marriott
 
Ewing, NJ
 
August 13, 2012
    130       1,620  
              549     $ 31,390  

Revenues for all hotels were recorded from the date of acquisition as hotel operating revenues.  Further, hotel operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2012 included revenues for a full year related to five hotels that were purchased during the year ended December 31, 2011. Hotels acquired during the year ended December 31, 2011 would have a full year of results included in the year ended December 31, 2012 but not necessarily a full year of results during the same period in 2011. We acquired interests in the following five consolidated hotels during the year ended December 31, 2011:
 
Brand
 
Location
 
Acquisition Date
 
Rooms
   
2012
 Hotel Operating
Revenues
   
2011
 Hotel Operating
Revenues
 
Holiday Inn Express
 
Water Street, NY
 
March 25, 2011
    112       5,847       5,580  
Capitol Hill Suites
 
Washington, DC
 
April 15, 2011
    152       7,570       5,319  
Courtyard by Marriott
 
Westside, Los Angeles, CA
 
May 19, 2011
    260       11,871       6,760  
Courtyard by Marriott
 
Miami, FL
 
November 16, 2011
    263       15,952       1,694  
Sheraton
 
New Castle, DE
 
December 28, 2010
    192       6,844       68  
              979     $ 48,084     $ 19,421  

In addition, our existing portfolio experienced improvement in ADR and occupancy during the year ended December 31, 2012 when compared to the same period in 2011.  Occupancy in our consolidated hotels increased 180 basis points from approximately 73.9% during the year ended December 31, 2011 to approximately 75.8% for the same period in 2012.  ADR improved 5.5%, increasing from $154.15 for the year ended December 31, 2011 to $162.65 during the same period in 2012.  These improvements were due to improvements in lodging trends in the markets in which our hotels are located.
 
We have invested in hotel development projects by providing mortgage or mezzanine financing to hotel developers and through the acquisition of land that is then leased to hotel developers.  Effective June 1, 2012, we amended the interest rates on two of our development loans from 11.0% to 9.0%.  Prior to this interest income was earned on our development loans at rates ranging between 10.0% and 11.0%.  Interest income from development loans receivable was $1,998 for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to $3,427 for the same period in 2011.

Of the $28,425 in development loans receivable outstanding as of December 31, 2012, $15,122, or 53.2%, is invested in hotels that are currently operating and generating revenue and $13,303, or 46.8%, is invested in a hotel construction project to develop the Hyatt Union Square in New York, NY, which has made significant progress toward completion. On June 14, 2011, in connection with entering into a purchase and sale agreement to acquire the Hyatt Union Square project, we ceased accruing interest for this development loan.  On February 1, 2013 we received payments of principal and accrued interest on the development loan with 44 Lexington Holding, LLC in the amount of $13,143, leaving the development loan with a principal balance of $1,979 as of February 1, 2013.  

As hotel developers are engaged in constructing new hotels or renovating existing hotels the hotel properties are typically not generating revenue.  It is common for the developers to require construction type loans to finance the projects whereby interest incurred on the loan is not paid currently; rather it is added to the principal borrowed and repaid at maturity.  Prior to June 1, 2012, one of our development loans, which is a loan to an entity affiliated with certain of our non-independent trustees and executive officers allowed the borrower to elect, quarterly, to pay accrued interest in-kind by adding the accrued interest to the principal balance of the loan.  Effective June 1, 2012, we amended the development loan to cease the buyer’s election to pay accrued interest in-kind.  As a result, a total of $678 and $2,094 in accrued interest on these development loans was added to principal for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
 

Other revenue consists primarily of fees earned for asset management services provided to properties owned by certain of our unconsolidated joint ventures.  These fees are earned as a percentage of the revenues of the unconsolidated joint ventures’ hotels.  Other revenues were $212 and $333 for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

Expenses

Total hotel operating expenses increased 28.0% to approximately $196,119 for the year ended December 31, 2012 from $153,227 for the year ended December 31, 2011. Consistent with the increase in hotel operating revenues, hotel operating expenses increased primarily due to the acquisitions consummated since the comparable period in 2011, as mentioned above.  The acquisitions also resulted in an increase in depreciation and amortization to $57,364 for the year ended December 31, 2012 from $50,780 for the year ended December 31, 2011. Similarly, real estate and personal property tax and property insurance increased $3,465, or 18.2%, in the year ended December 31, 2012 when compared to the same period in 2011 due to our acquisitions along with a general overall increase in tax assessments and tax rates as the economy improves.

General and administrative expense increased by approximately $4,895 from $18,532 in 2011 to $23,427 in 2012.  Incentive compensation of $2,349 earned for the year ended December 31, 2012 was accrued in the fourth quarter of 2012.  Incentive compensation of $1,747 earned for the year ended December 31, 2011 was accrued in the fourth quarter of 2011.    General and administrative expense includes expense related to non-cash share based payments issued as incentive compensation to the Company’s trustees, executives, and employees.  Expense related to share based compensation increased $2,088 when compared to expense of December 31, 2012 and the same period of 2011.  This increase in share based compensation expense is due primarily from the vesting of shares and restricted share issuances.  The Compensation Committee adopted the 2012 Annual LTIP which included $1,785 of stock based compensation expense for year ended December 31, 2012.  In addition, on April 18, 2012, the Compensation Committee entered into amended and restated employment agreements with the Company’s executive officers therefore having $822 of stock based compensation for the year ended December 31, 2012.  Please refer to “Note 9 – Share Based Payments” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for more information about our stock based compensation.  Increases in other general and administrative expenses resulted primarily from increases in employee headcount and base compensation.

Amounts recorded on our consolidated statement of operations for acquisition and terminated costs will fluctuate from period to period based on our acquisition activities.  Acquisition and terminated transaction costs decreased $1,555 from $2,742 for the year ended December 31, 2011 to $1,187 for the year ended December 31, 2012 due to fewer acquisitions consummated during the year ended December 31, 2012.  The costs incurred in 2012 were related to the following hotels: $963 related to our acquisition of The Rittenhouse Hotel, Philadelphia, PA; $61 related to acquisition of Bulfinch, Boston, MA; $67 related to our acquisition of Holiday Inn Express Manhattan, NY; $8 related to our acquisition of Courtyard Ewing, NJ.  The costs incurred in 2011 were related to following hotels: Holiday Inn Express, Water Street, NY; Capitol Hill Suites Washington, DC; Courtyard Westside LA, CA; Courtyard Miami, FL.  Acquisition costs typically consist of transfer taxes, legal fees and other costs associated with acquiring a hotel property.  The remaining costs related to transactions that were terminated during the year.

Operating Income

Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $56,756 compared to operating income of $41,074 during the same period in 2011.  The increase in operating income resulted primarily from improved performance of our portfolio and acquisitions that have occurred in 2021.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $3,489 from $40,478 for the year ended December 31, 2011 to $43,967 for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase in interest expense is due primarily to the new debt and associated interest expense for the acquired properties during 2012 offset partially by lower borrowing costs on our outstanding debt.

Unconsolidated Joint Venture Investments
 
We incurred a loss from the operations of our unconsolidated joint ventures of $232 for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to income of $210 for 2011.  In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded a loss of $1,668 as a result of the remeasurement of our interest in the Inn America Hospitality at Ewing, LLC joint venture, the owner of the Courtyard by Marriott, in Ewing, NJ, and a loss of $224 recorded as a result of the remeasurement of our interest in the Metro 29th Street Associates, LLC joint venture, the owner of the Holiday Inn Express, in New York, NY.
 

During the year ended December 31, 2011, as a result of the remeasurement of our interest in the Hiren Boston, LLC joint venture, the owner of the Courtyard by Marriott, in South Boston, MA, we recorded gains of $2,757.  Also, as noted above, we entered into two purchase and sale agreements to dispose of 18 non-core hotel properties, four of which are owned in part by the Company through an unconsolidated joint venture.  As a result of entering into these purchase and sale agreements, during the year ended December 31, 2011, we recorded an impairment loss of approximately $1,677 for those assets where our investment in the joint venture exceeds the anticipated net proceeds distributable to us based on the purchase price in year-end 2011.
Income Tax Benefit

During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company evaluated the recoverability of its deferred tax assets, and accordingly reversed its valuation allowance against a portion of its deferred tax asset, resulting in an income tax benefit of $3,355.

Discontinued Operations

During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, we reclassified the operating results of 18 non-core hotel properties, two land parcels located at 585 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY, and Nevins Street, Brooklyn, NY, Comfort Inn, West Hanover, PA, and the Comfort Inn, North Dartmouth, MA, to discontinued operations in the statement of operations. During 2012, we closed on the sale of the non-core portfolio, the land parcel at 585 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY, and the Comfort Inn, North Dartmouth, MA, recognizing  a gain on sale of approximately $11,231.  During 2011, we closed on the sale of the land parcel at Nevins Street, NY, and the Comfort Inn, West Hanover, PA recognizing a gain on sale of approximately $991.  Also in 2011, we recorded an impairment loss of approximately $30,248 on the non-core portfolio for those consolidated assets for which we anticipated net proceeds to not exceed the carrying value.

We recorded a loss from discontinued operations of approximately $232 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2012, compared to income of approximately $1,040 during the twelve months ended December 31,2011, primarily due to operations from the discontinued assets being included for a full year during 2011, as compared to a partial year until the date of sale during 2012.  See “Note 12 – Discontinued Operations” for more information.
 
Net Income/Loss

Net income applicable to common shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $8,376 compared to net loss applicable to common shareholders of $35,733 for the same period in 2011.

During the year ended December 31, 2011, we issued 4,600,000 preferred shares which increased our preferred dividend $3,501 for the year ended December 31, 2012.  See “Note 1 – Organization And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 for more information.

COMPARISON OF THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2011 TO DECEMBER 31, 2010
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Revenue

Our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2011 consisted of hotel operating revenues, interest income from our development loan program, and other revenue.  Hotel operating revenues increased $46,343, or 19.6%, from $236,191 for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $282,534 for the same period in 2011.  This increase in hotel operating revenues was primarily attributable to the acquisitions consummated in 2011 and 2010 and increases in revenues in our same store consolidated hotels.
 

We acquired interests in the following five consolidated hotels that contributed the following operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2011:

Brand
 
Location
 
Acquisition Date
 
Rooms
   
2011
 Hotel Operating
Revenues
 
Holiday Inn Express
 
Water Street, NY
 
March 25, 2011
    112       5,580  
Capitol Hill Suites
 
Washington, DC
 
April 15, 2011
    152       5,319  
Courtyard by Marriott
 
Westside, Los Angeles, CA
 
May 19, 2011
    260       6,760  
Courtyard by Marriott
 
Miami, FL
 
November 16, 2011
    263       1,694  
Sheraton
 
New Castle, DE
 
December 28, 2010
    192       68  
              979     $ 19,421  

Revenues for all hotels were recorded from the date of acquisition as hotel operating revenues. Further, hotel operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 2011 included revenues for a full year related to six hotels that were purchased during the year ended December 31, 2010. Hotels acquired during the year ended December 31, 2010 would have a full year of results included in the year ended December 31, 2011 but not necessarily a full year of results during the same period in 2010.  We acquired interests in the following six consolidated hotels during the year ended December 31, 2010:

Brand
 
Location
 
Acquisition Date
 
Rooms
   
2011
 Hotel Operating
Revenues
   
2010
Hotel Operating
Revenues
 
                           
Hilton Garden Inn
 
Glastonbury, CT
 
January 1, 2010
    150     $ 5,371     $ 5,046  
Hampton Inn
 
Times Square, NY
 
February 9, 2010
    184       13,284       11,188  
Holiday Inn Express
 
Times Square, NY
 
February 9, 2010
    188       14,117       12,278  
Candlewood Suites
 
Times Square, NY
 
February 9, 2010
    210       11,305       9,215  
Holiday Inn
 
Wall Street, NY
 
May 7, 2010
    113       6,756       4,496  
Hampton Inn
 
Washington, DC
 
September 1, 2010
    228       13,341       3,923  
              1,073     $ 64,174     $ 46,146  

In addition, our existing portfolio experienced improvement in ADR and occupancy during the year ended December 31, 2011 when compared to the same period in 2010.  Occupancy in our consolidated hotels increased 40 basis points from approximately 73.5% during the year ended December 31, 2010 to approximately 73.9% for the same period in 2011.  ADR improved 6.5% increasing from $144.73 for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $154.15 during the same period in 2011.  These improvements were due to improvements in lodging trends in the markets in which we operate.

We have invested in hotel development projects by providing mortgage or mezzanine financing to hotel developers and through the acquisition of land that is then leased to hotel developers.  Interest income is earned on our development loans at rates ranging between 10.0% and 11.0%.  Interest income from development loans receivable was $3,427 for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to $4,686 for the same period in 2010.

As hotel developers are engaged in constructing new hotels or renovating existing hotels the hotel properties are typically not generating revenue.  It is common for the developers to require construction type loans to finance the projects whereby interest incurred on the loan is not paid currently; rather it is added to the principal borrowed and repaid at maturity.  Currently, one of our development loans, which is a loan to an entity affiliated with certain of our non-independent trustees and executive officers, allows the borrower to elect, quarterly, to pay accrued interest in-kind by adding the accrued interest to the principal balance of the loan.  As a result, a total of $2,094 and $2,559 in accrued interest on these development loans was added to principal for the year ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Other revenue consists primarily of fees earned for asset management services provided to properties owned by certain of our unconsolidated joint ventures.  These fees are earned as a percentage of the revenues of the unconsolidated joint ventures’ hotels.  Other revenues were $333 and $325 for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010.
 

Expenses

Total hotel operating expenses increased 17.9% to approximately $153,227 for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $129,978 for the year ended December 31, 2010. Consistent with the increase in hotel operating revenues, hotel operating expenses increased primarily due to the acquisitions consummated since the comparable period in 2010, as mentioned above. In addition, hotel operating expense increased due to an increase in bad debt expense resulting from the bankruptcy of an airline customer with outstanding receivable balances at two of our hotel properties. The acquisitions also resulted in an increase in depreciation and amortization to $50,780 for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $43,946 for the year ended December 31, 2010. Similarly, real estate and personal property tax and property insurance increased $2,138, or 12.8%, in the year ended December 31, 2011 when compared to the same period in 2010 due to our acquisitions along with a general overall increase in tax assessments and tax rates as the economy improves.

General and administrative expense increased by approximately $1,670 from $16,862 in 2010 to $18,532 in 2011.  General and administrative expense includes expense related to non-cash shared based payments issued as incentive compensation to the company’s trustees, executives, and employees.  Non-cash stock based compensation expense increased $941 when comparing the year ended December 31, 2011 to the same period in 2010.  Please refer to “Note 9 – Share Based Payments” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for more information about our stock based compensation.

Incentive compensation of $1,747 earned for the year ended December 31, 2011 was accrued during the quarter ended December 31, 2011.  Incentive compensation of $1,720 earned for the year ended December 31, 2010 was accrued in the fourth quarter of 2010.   Discretionary incentive compensation related to the 2009 fiscal year was determined subsequent to December 31, 2009.  As result, incentive compensation of $1,256 earned for the year ended December 31, 2009 was recorded in 2010.   An increase in employee headcount and base compensation offsets the decrease in incentive compensation in 2011, due to the 2009 and 2010 incentive compensation being recorded in 2010.

Amounts recorded on our consolidated statement of operations for acquisition and terminated costs will fluctuate from period to period based on our acquisition activities.  Acquisition and terminated transaction costs decreased $2,060 from $4,802 for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $2,742 for the year ended December 31, 2011 due to fewer acquisitions consummated during the period ended December 31, 2011.  The costs incurred in 2011 were related to the following hotels: $716 related to our acquisition of Holiday Inn Express Water Street, NY; $1,043 related to acquisition of Capitol Hill Suites Washington, DC; $165 related to our acquisition of Courtyard Westside LA, CA; $236 related to our acquisition of Courtyard Miami, FL.  The costs incurred in 2010 were related to following hotels: Hilton Garden Inn, Glastonbury, CT; Hampton Inn Times Square, New York, NY; Holiday Inn Express, Times Square, New York, NY; Candlewood Suites Times Square, New York, NY; Holiday Inn Wall Street, New York, NY; and Hampton Inn, Washington, DC.  Acquisition costs typically consist of transfer taxes, legal fees and other costs associated with acquiring a hotel property.  The remaining costs related to transactions that were terminated during the year.

Operating Income

Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $41,074 compared to operating income of $27,749 during the same period in 2010.  The increase in operating income resulted primarily from improved performance of our portfolio and acquisitions that have occurred in 2011.

Interest Expense

Interest expense increased $856 from $39,622 for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $40,478 for the year ended December 31, 2011. On April 30, 2012, the Company sold the land parcel and improvements located at 585 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY.  Therefore, interest expense associated with this debt encumbering this property was reclassified to discontinued operations in the statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010.  See “Note 12 – Discontinued Operations” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 for more information.  This is offset by the new debt and associated interest expense for the acquired properties during 2011.

Unconsolidated Joint Venture Investments

We recorded income from the operations of our unconsolidated joint ventures of $210 for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to a loss of $1,751 for 2010.  In addition, as a result of the remeasurement of our interest in the Hiren Boston, LLC joint venture, the owner of the Courtyard by Marriott, in South Boston, MA, we recorded gains of $2,757 and $2,190 for the year ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. In 2010, we also recorded a $1,818 gain on the remeasurement of our interest in an unconsolidated joint venture that owned the Hilton Garden Inn in Glastonbury, CT.  Also, as a result of entering into the purchase and sale agreements for the sale of our non-core hotels, we have recorded an impairment loss of approximately $1,677 for those assets where our investment in the joint venture exceeds the anticipated net proceeds distributable to us based on the purchase price.  See “Note 12-Discontinued Operations” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 for more information.
 

Discontinued Operations

During the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, we reclassified the operating results of 18 non-core hotel properties, two land parcels located at 585 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY, and Nevins Street, Brooklyn, NY, Comfort Inn, West Hanover, PA, Comfort Inn, North Dartmouth, MA,  and Holiday Inn Express, New Columbia, PA to discontinued operations in the statement of operations. During 2011, we closed on the sale of the land parcel at Nevins Street, NY, and the Comfort Inn, West Hanover, PA incurring a gain on sale of approximately $991.  Also in 2011, we recorded an impairment loss of approximately $30,248 on the non-core portfolio for those consolidated assets for which we anticipated net proceeds to not exceed the carrying value.  This portfolio was sold in 2012.  During 2010, we closed on the sale of Holiday Inn Express, New Columbia, PA incurring a gain on sale of approximately $347.  In 2010, we also recorded impairment loss of approximately $2,433 on the Comfort Inn, North Dartmouth, MA, the land parcel located at 585 Eighth Avenue and the land parcel located on Nevins Street, NY, as we determined the carrying value at the time did not exceed fair value.  Each of these properties were sold in 2011 or 2012.

We recorded a gain from discontinued operations of approximately $1,040 of during the twelve months ended December 31, 2011, compared to loss of approximately $4,327 during the twelve months ended December 31,2010, primarily due to improved performance of the discontinued assets during 2011 and partially due to operations from the discontinued assets being included for a full year during 2010, as compared to a partial year until the date of sale during 2011.

Net Income/Loss

Net loss applicable to common shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $35,733 compared to net loss applicable to common shareholders of $21,157 for the same period in 2010.

During the year ended December 31, 2011, we issued 4,600,000 preferred shares which increased our preferred dividend $5,699 for the year ended December 31, 2011 when compared to 2010.  See “Note 1 – Organization And Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 for more information.

LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL RESOURCES, AND EQUITY OFFERINGS
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Potential Sources of Capital

The ability to originate or refinance existing loans has become and continues to be very restrictive for all borrowers, even for those borrowers that have strong balance sheets.  While we maintain a portfolio of what we believe to be high quality assets and we believe our leverage to be at acceptable levels, the market for new debt origination and refinancing of existing debt remains challenging and visibility on the length of debt terms, the loan to value parameters and loan pricing on new debt originations is limited.  In the current economic environment, the fair market value of certain of our hotel properties may have declined causing an individual hotel property’s indebtedness as a percentage of the property’s fair market value to exceed the percentage our Board of Trustees intended at the time we acquired the property.

Our organizational documents do not limit the amount of indebtedness that we may incur.  Our ability to incur additional debt is dependent upon a number of factors, including the current state of the overall credit markets, our degree of leverage and borrowing restrictions imposed by existing lenders.  Our ability to raise funds through the issuance of debt and equity securities is dependent upon, among other things, capital market volatility, risk tolerance of investors, general market conditions for REITs and market perceptions related to the Company’s ability to generate cash flow and positive returns on its investments.

In addition, our mortgage indebtedness contains various financial and non-financial covenants customarily found in secured, nonrecourse financing arrangements.  If the specified criteria are not satisfied, the lender may be able to escrow cash flow generated by the property securing the applicable mortgage loan.  We have determined that certain debt service coverage ratio covenants contained in the loan agreements securing a number of our hotel properties were not met as of December 31, 2012.  Pursuant to the loan agreements, certain lenders have elected to escrow the operating cash flow for these properties.  However, these covenants do not constitute an event of default for these loans.  Future deterioration in market conditions could cause restrictions in our access to the cash flow of additional properties.
 

On November 5, 2012, we entered into a new $400,000 senior unsecured credit facility.  The $400,000 credit facility provides for a $250,000 senior unsecured revolving line of credit and a $150,000 senior unsecured term loan.  Our previous $250,000 secured credit facility was terminated and replaced by the new credit facility, and, as a result, all amounts outstanding under our previous credit facility were repaid with borrowings from our new credit facility.  The $400,000 credit facility expires on November 5, 2015, and, provided no event of default has occurred and remains uncured, we may request that the lenders renew the credit facility for two additional one-year periods.  The credit facility is also expandable to $550,000 at our request, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.  On January 3, 2013, we drew an additional $50,000 in unsecured term debt on our credit facility, making the total outstanding unsecured term debt balance $150,000.

As of December 31, 2012, the outstanding unsecured term loan balance under the $400,000 credit facility was $100,000 and the revolving line of credit balance was $0.  As of December 31, 2012, our remaining borrowing capacity under the $400,000 credit facility was $236,478, which is based on certain operating metrics of unencumbered hotel properties designated as borrowing base assets.  We intend to repay indebtedness incurred under the $400,000 credit facility from time to time, for acquisitions or otherwise, out of cash flow and from the proceeds of issuances of additional common and preferred shares and potentially other securities.

We will continue to monitor our debt maturities to manage our liquidity needs.  However, no assurances can be given that we will be successful in refinancing all or a portion of our future debt obligations due to factors beyond our control or that, if refinanced, the terms of such debt will not vary from the existing terms. As of December 31, 2012, we have $8,070 indebtedness payable on or before December 31, 2013.  We used borrowings provided under the unsecured term loan portion of the $400,000 credit facility to repay mortgages on seven hotel properties during the fourth quarter of 2012.  We currently expect that cash requirements for all debt that is not refinanced by our existing lenders of for which the maturity date is not extended will be met through a combination of cash on hand, refinancing the existing debt with new lenders, draws on the $250,000 revolving line of credit portion of our $400,000 credit facility and the issuance of our securities.

On May 8, 2012, we closed on a public offering in which we issued and sold 24,000,000 common shares through several underwriters for net proceeds to us of approximately $128,558.  Immediately upon the closing the offering, we contributed all of the net proceeds of the offering to HHLP in exchange for additional Common Units in HHLP.  HHLP used the net proceeds of this offering to reduce some of the indebtedness outstanding under our revolving line of credit facility and for general corporate purposes, including the funding of future acquisitions.

Development Loans Receivable

As of December 31, 2012, we have $28,425 in development loan principal receivable and $348 in accrued interest receivable on these loans.  We may convert the principal and interest due to us on those development loans that are not extended into equity interests in the hotels developed by entering into purchase and sale agreements to acquire hotel properties from developers of their affiliates that allow us to pay a portion of the purchase price by forgiving and cancelling amounts owed to us under development loans, allowing us to reduce the amount of cash required to fund these acquisitions.  See “Note 4 – Development Loan Receivable,” for further information.

Acquisitions
 
During the year ended December 31, 2012, we acquired the following wholly-owned hotel properties:

Hotel
 
Acquisition
Date
 
Land
 
Buildings and
Improvements
 
Furniture
Fixtures and
Equipment
 
Franchise Fees,
Loan Costs, and
Leasehold
Intangible
 
Leasehold
Liability
 
Acquisition
Costs
 
Construction in
Progress
 
Total Purchase
Price
 
Fair Value of
Assumed
Debt
 
The Rittenhouse Hotel, Philadelphia, PA
 
3/1/2012
  $ 7,119   $ 29,605   $ 3,580   $ 2,156   $ (827 ) $ 963   $ -   $ 42,596   $ -  
Bulfinch Hotel, Boston, MA
 
5/7/2012
    1,456     14,954     1,790     -     -     61     -     18,261     -  
Holiday Inn Express, New York, NY
 
6/18/2012
    30,329     57,016     2,856     98     -     67     -     90,366     73,038  
Courtyard by Marriot,
    Ewing, NJ
 
8/13/2012
    950     9,835     1,415     30     -     8     -     12,238     12,875  
                                                             
Total
      $ 39,854   $ 111,410   $ 9,641   $ 2,284   $ (827 ) $ 1,099   $ -   $ 163,461   $ 85,913  

We intend to invest in additional hotels only as suitable opportunities arise and adequate sources of financing are available. We expect that future investments in hotels will depend on and will be financed by, in whole or in part, our existing cash, the proceeds from additional issuances of common or preferred shares, proceeds from the sale of assets, issuances of Common Units, issuances of preferred units or other securities or borrowings.
 

Operating Liquidity and Capital Expenditures

We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations, existing cash balances and, if necessary, short-term borrowings under the $250,000 unsecured revolving line of credit portion of our $400,000 credit facility.  We believe that the net cash provided by operations in the coming year, the additional $50,000 draw of our unsecured term loan, and borrowings drawn on the $250,000 revolving line of credit portion of our $400,000 credit facility will be adequate to fund the Company’s operating requirements, monthly recurring debt service and the payment of dividends in accordance with REIT requirements of the federal income tax laws.

To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute annually at least 90% of our taxable income. This distribution requirement limits our ability to retain earnings and requires us to raise additional capital in order to grow our business and acquire additional hotel properties. However, there is no assurance that we will be able to borrow funds or raise additional equity capital on terms acceptable to us, if at all. In addition, we cannot guarantee that we will continue to make distributions to our shareholders at the current rate or at all. Due to the seasonality of our business, cash provided by operating activities fluctuates significantly from quarter to quarter. However, we believe that, based on our current estimates, which include the addition of cash provided by hotels acquired during 2012, our cash provided by operating activities will be sufficient over the next 12 months to fund the payment of our dividend at its current level. However, our Board of Trustees continues to evaluate the dividend policy in the context of our overall liquidity and market conditions and may elect to reduce or suspend these distributions. Cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $71,756 and cash used for the payment of distributions and dividends for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $60,127.
 
We also project that our operating cash flow and available borrowings under the $250,000 revolving line of credit as portion of our $400,000 credit facility will be sufficient to satisfy our liquidity and other capital needs over the next twelve to eighteen months.

Our long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of the costs of acquiring additional hotel properties, renovation and other non-recurring capital expenditures that need to be made periodically with respect to hotel properties and scheduled debt repayments. We will seek to satisfy these long-term liquidity requirements through various sources of capital, including borrowings under the $250,000 revolving line of credit portion of our $400,000 credit facility and through secured, non-recourse mortgage financings with respect to our unencumbered hotel properties. In addition, we may seek to raise capital through public or private offerings of our securities. Certain factors may have a material adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including our degree of leverage, the value of our unencumbered hotel properties and borrowing restrictions imposed by lenders or franchisors. We will continue to analyze which source of capital is most advantageous to us at any particular point in time, but financing may not be consistently available to us on terms that are attractive, or at all.
 
We have increased our spending on capital improvements during the year ended December 31, 2012 when compared to the same period in 2011.  During the year ended December 31, 2012 we spent $28,443 on capital expenditures to renovate, improve or replace assets at our hotels.  This compares to $26,201 during the same period in 2011.  Our increase in capital expenditures is a result of complying with brand mandated improvements and initiating projects that we believe will generate a return on investment as we enter a period of recovery in the lodging sector.  We expect further expansion of our capital expenditures in 2013 in an effort to invest in projects that we believe will generate additional returns as economic conditions improve.

In addition to capital reserves required under certain loan agreements and capital expenditures to renovate, improve or replace assets at our hotels, we have three ongoing hotel development projects.  We are constructing an additional hotel tower at our Courtyard by Marriott in Miami Beach, FL.  We are also completing the construction of a Hampton Inn in lower Manhattan, New York, NY.  During the year ended December 31, 2012 we spent $10,171 on hotel development projects.  This compares to $32,120 during the same period in 2011.  Finally, we have entered into a purchase and sale agreement to acquire the Hyatt Union Square, New York, NY upon completion of construction for an approximate purchase price of $104,303.  While this purchase and sale agreement secures the Company’s right to acquire the completed hotel, the Company is not assuming any significant construction risk, including the risk of schedule and cost overruns.  These projects will require significant capital which we expect to fund with various sources of capital, including available borrowings under the $250,000 revolving line of credit portion of our credit facility and through secured, non-recourse mortgage financings.  In addition, we may seek to raise capital through public or private offerings of our securities to fund these capital improvements.

We may spend additional amounts, if necessary, to comply with the reasonable requirements of any franchise license under which any of our hotels operate and otherwise to the extent we deem such expenditures to be in our best interests. We are also obligated to fund the cost of certain capital improvements to our hotels. We expect to use operating cash flow, borrowings under the $250,000 revolving line of credit portion of our credit facility, and proceeds from issuances of our securities to pay for the cost of capital improvements and any furniture, fixture and equipment requirements in excess of the set aside referenced above.
 

CASH FLOW ANALYSIS
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011

Net cash provided by operating activities increased $13,088, from $58,668 for the year ended December 31, 2011 to $71,756 for 2012.  Net income, adjusted for non-cash items such as gain on disposition of hotel properties, impairment of assets, benefit for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, non-cash debt extinguishment, development loan interest income added to principal, interest in income from unconsolidated joint ventures, loss recognized on change in fair value of derivative instruments and stock based compensation increased $16,556 for the year ended December 31, 2012 when compared to 2011.  This is primarily due to cash provided by properties acquired over the past eighteen months and improving operating results within our existing portfolio.  In addition, acquisition and terminated transaction costs incurred for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased $1,555 when compared to the same period in 2011.  Offsetting the increases in cash provided by these operating activities was an increase in net cash used in funding working capital assets, such as payments into escrows, and repaying working capital liabilities, such as accounts payable and accrued expenses.
 
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2012 decreased $174,941, from $230,758 for year ended December 31, 2011 compared to $55,817 for 2012.  During the 2012 fiscal year, we closed on the sale of 18 hotel properties and one land parcel generating net proceeds $63,722.  In addition, spending on the purchase of hotel properties and development projects was $99,512 lower during 2012 compared to 2011.  We also received cash from the repayment of development loans and notes receivable during the year ended December 31, 2012.  Offsetting these amounts were a decrease in distributions from our unconsolidated joint ventures for the year ended 2012 when compared to the year ended 2011.

Net cash provided by financing activities for year ended December 31, 2012 was $28,552 compared to $131,062 during the same period in 2011.  Net repayments of mortgages and notes payable increased $151,868 during the year ended 2012 when compared to the same period in 2011, which was funded in part with borrowings under the $100,000 unsecured term loan portion of our $400,000 credit facility.  Net repayments on our revolving credit facility were $56,000 higher during the year ended December 31, 2012 than in 2011.  Offsetting this increase in cash used to repay the line of credit and mortgages and notes payable were proceeds from our common stock offering.  During the second quarter of 2012, we completed an offering of common shares with net proceeds of $128,558.  During the second quarter of 2011, we completed an offering of preferred shares with net proceeds of $110,977.  These offerings have increased our preferred dividend obligations and common dividend payments causing a net increase in total dividends and distributions paid of $12,995 when comparing the years ended December 31, 2012 to 2011.
 
Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010

Net cash provided by operating activities increased $16,182, from $42,486 for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $58,668 for 2011.  Net income, adjusted for non-cash items such as gain on disposition of hotel properties, impairment of assets, depreciation and amortization, non-cash debt extinguishment, development loan interest income added to principal, interest in income from unconsolidated joint ventures, loss recognized on change in fair value of derivative instruments and stock based compensation increased $24,028 for the year ended December 31, 2011 when compared to 2010.  This is primarily due to cash provided by properties acquired over the past eighteen months and improving operating results within our existing portfolio.  In addition, acquisition and terminated transaction costs incurred for the year ended December 31, 2011 decreased $2,060 when compared to the same period in 2010.  Offsetting the increases in cash provided by these operating activities was an increase in net cash used in funding working capital assets, such as payments into escrows, and repaying working capital liabilities, such as accounts payable and accrued expenses.
 
Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2011 decreased $79,809, from $310,567 for year ended December 31, 2010 compared to $230,758 for 2011.  During 2011, we used $167,149 to acquire five hotel properties.  This compares to $260,755 to acquire seven properties during the same period in 2010.  In 2011 we also received $13,285 from one of our unconsolidated joint ventures as a result of it refinancing its debt.  Offsetting these decreases in cash used in investing activities was an increase to $26,222 in capital expenditures and hotel development projects for the year ended 2011 when compared to the year ended 2010.  We have also funded $18,000 in deposits for the acquisition of additional hotel properties and invested $1,570 in a note receivable from an unconsolidated joint venture which will be used by the venture to fund a renovation.

Net cash provided by financing activities for year ended December 31, 2011 was $131,062 compared to $322,273 during the same period in 2010.  During the year ended 2010 we completed three equity offerings with net proceeds of $420,441.  During the year ended 2011, we completed an offering of preferred shares with net proceeds of $110,977.  These offerings and an additional equity offering in October 2010 increased our share count and preferred dividend obligations causing a net increase in total dividends and distributions paid of $16,879 when comparing the year ended 2011 to the year ended 2010.   Offsetting the proceeds from these offerings in 2010 and 2011 were net proceeds of $5,000 on our credit facility during 2010 compared to net repayments of $33,200 during the same period in 2011.  Net proceeds on our mortgages and notes payable were $63,085 during the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to net repayments of $30,305 during the same period in 2010.

OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

The Company does not have off balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

FUNDS FROM OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share data)

The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) developed Funds from Operations (“FFO”) as a non-GAAP financial measure of performance of an equity REIT in order to recognize that income-producing real estate historically has not depreciated on the basis determined under GAAP. We calculate FFO applicable to common shares and Common Units in accordance with the April 2002 National Policy Bulletin of NAREIT, which we refer to as the White Paper. The White Paper defines FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP) excluding extraordinary items as defined under GAAP and gains or losses from sales of previously depreciated assets, plus certain non-cash items, such as loss from impairment of assets and depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Our interpretation of the NAREIT definition is that noncontrolling interest in net income (loss) should be added back to (deducted from) net income (loss) as part of reconciling net income (loss) to FFO. Our FFO computation may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that do not compute FFO in accordance with the NAREIT definition, or that interpret the NAREIT definition differently than we do.

The GAAP measure that we believe to be most directly comparable to FFO, net income (loss) applicable to common shareholders, includes loss from the impairment of certain depreciable assets, our investment in unconsolidated joint ventures and land, depreciation and amortization expenses, gains or losses on property sales, noncontrolling interest and preferred dividends. In computing FFO, we eliminate these items because, in our view, they are not indicative of the results from our property operations.  We determined that the loss from the impairment of certain depreciable assets including investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and land, was driven by a measurable decrease in the fair value of certain hotel properties and other assets as determined by our analysis of those assets in accordance with applicable GAAP.  As such, these impairments have been eliminated from net loss to determine FFO.
 
FFO does not represent cash flows from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered an alternative to net income as an indication of the Company’s performance or to cash flow as a measure of liquidity or ability to make distributions. We consider FFO to be a meaningful, additional measure of operating performance because it excludes the effects of the assumption that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time, and because it is widely used by industry analysts as a performance measure. We show both FFO from consolidated hotel operations and FFO from unconsolidated joint ventures because we believe it is meaningful for the investor to understand the relative contributions from our consolidated and unconsolidated hotels. The display of both FFO from consolidated hotels and FFO from unconsolidated joint ventures allows for a detailed analysis of the operating performance of our hotel portfolio by management and investors. We present FFO applicable to common shares and Common Units because our Common Units are redeemable for common shares. We believe it is meaningful for the investor to understand FFO applicable to all common shares and CommonUnits.
 
 
The following table reconciles FFO for the periods presented to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, net income, for the same periods (dollars in thousands):
 
   
Year Ended
 
   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
                   
Net loss applicable to common shares
  $ 8,376     $ (35,733 )   $ (21,157 )
Loss allocated to noncontrolling interest
    (158 )     (1,734 )     (845 )
(Income) loss from unconsolidated joint ventures
    2,124       (1,290 )     (2,257 )
Gain on disposition of hotel properties
    (11,231 )     (991 )     (347 )
Loss from impairment of depreciable assets
    -       30,248       2,433  
Depreciation and amortization
    57,364       50,780       43,946  
Depreciation and amortization from discontinued operations
    27       4,924       8,154  
FFO allocated to noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures (1)
    -       147       (307 )
Funds from consolidated hotel operations applicable to common shares and Partnership Units
    56,502       46,351       29,620  
                         
Income (loss) from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
    (2,124 )     1,290       2,257  
Less:
                       
Gain from remeasurement of investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
    1,892       (2,757 )     (4,008 )
Add:
                       
Impairment of investment in unconsolidated joint ventures
    -       1,677       -  
Depreciation and amortization of purchase price in excess of historical cost (2)
    902       1,965       2,033  
Interest in depreciation and amortization of unconsolidated joint ventures (3)
    5,441       5,906       3,905  
Funds from unconsolidated joint ventures operations applicable to common shares and Partnership Units
    6,111       8,081       4,187  
                         
FFO applicable to common shares and Partnership Units
  $ 62,613     $ 54,432     $ 33,807  
                         
Weighted Average Common Shares and Units Outstanding
                       
Basic
    187,415,270       168,753,382       134,370,172  
Diluted
    198,110,615       181,090,322       146,656,308  

(1)
Adjustment made to deduct FFO related to the noncontrolling interest in our consolidated joint ventures. Represents the portion of net income and depreciation allocated to our joint venture partners.
(2)
Adjustment made to add depreciation of purchase price in excess of historical cost of the assets in the unconsolidated joint venture at the time of our investment.
(3)
Adjustment made to add our interest in real estate related depreciation and amortization of our unconsolidated joint ventures. Allocation of depreciation and amortization is consistent with allocation of income and loss.

Certain amounts related to depreciation and amortization and depreciation and amortization from discontinued operations in the prior year FFO reconciliation have been recast to conform to the current year presentation.  In addition, based on guidance provided by NAREIT, we have eliminated loss from the impairment of certain depreciable assets, including investments in unconsolidated joint ventures and land, from net loss to arrive at FFO in each year presented.

INFLATION

Operators of hotel properties, in general, possess the ability to adjust room rates daily to reflact the effects of inflation.  However, competitive pressures may limit the ability of our management companies to raise room rates.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.

On an on-going basis, estimates are evaluated by us, including those related to carrying value of investments in hotel properties. Our estimates are based upon historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:
 

Revenue Recognition

Approximately 95% of our revenues are derived from hotel room revenues and revenue from other hotel operating departments. We directly recognize revenue and expense for all consolidated hotels as hotel operating revenue and hotel operating expense when earned and incurred. These revenues are recorded net of any sales or occupancy taxes collected from our guests. All revenues are recorded on an accrual basis, as earned. We participate in frequent guest programs sponsored by the brand owners of our hotels and we expense the charges associated with those programs, as incurred.

Revenue for interest on development loan financing is recorded in the period earned based on the interest rate of the loan and outstanding balance during the period. Development loans receivable and accrued interest on the development loans receivable are evaluated to determine if outstanding balances are collectible.  Interest is recorded only if it is determined the outstanding loan balance and accrued interest balance are collectible.

Other revenues consist primarily of fees earned for asset management services provided to hotels we own through unconsolidated joint ventures. Fees are earned as a percentage of hotel revenue and are recorded in the period earned.

Investment in Hotel Properties

Investments in hotel properties are recorded at cost. Improvements and replacements are capitalized when they extend the useful life of the asset. Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of up to 40 years for buildings and improvements, two to seven years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. We are required to make subjective assessments as to the useful lives of our properties for purposes of determining the amount of depreciation to record on an annual basis with respect to our investments in hotel properties. These assessments have a direct impact on our net income because if we were to shorten the expected useful lives of our investments in hotel properties we would depreciate these investments over fewer years, resulting in more depreciation expense and lower net income on an annual basis.

Most identifiable assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interests, and goodwill related to hotel properties acquired in a business combination are recorded at full fair value.  Estimating techniques and assumptions used in determining fair values involve significant estimates and judgments.  These estimates and judgments have a direct impact on the carrying value of our assets and liabilities which can directly impact the amount of depreciation expense recorded on an annual basis and could have an impact on our assessment of potential impairment of our investment in hotel properties.

The operations related to properties that have been sold or properties that are intended to be sold are presented as discontinued operations in the statement of operations for all periods presented, and properties intended to be sold are designated as “held for sale” on the balance sheet.

Based on the occurrence of certain events or changes in circumstances, we review the recoverability of the property’s carrying value. Such events or changes in circumstances include the following:

 
·
a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset;
 
·
a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset is being used or in its physical condition;
 
·
a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset, including an adverse action or assessment by a regulator;
 
·
an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset;
 
·
a current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset; and
 
·
a current expectation that, it is more likely than not that, a long-lived asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life.
 
We review our portfolio on an on-going basis to evaluate the existence of any of the aforementioned events or changes in circumstances that would require us to test for recoverability. In general, our review of recoverability is based on an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows, excluding interest charges, expected to result from the property’s use and eventual disposition. These estimates consider factors such as expected future operating income, market and other applicable trends and residual value expected, as well as the effects of hotel demand, competition and other factors. If impairment exists due to the inability to recover the carrying value of a property, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the property. We are required to make subjective assessments as to whether there are impairments in the values of our investments in hotel properties.

As of December 31, 2012, based on our analysis, we have determined that the future cash flow of each of the properties in our portfolio is sufficient to recover its carrying value.
 

Investment in Joint Ventures

Properties owned in joint ventures are consolidated if the determination is made that we are the primary beneficiary in a variable interest entity (VIE) or we maintain control of the asset through our voting interest or other rights in the operation of the entity. To determine if we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we evaluate whether we have a controlling financial interest in that VIE.  An enterprise is deemed to have a controlling financial interest if it has i) the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, and ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could be significant to the VIE or the rights to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. Control can also be demonstrated by the ability of a member to manage day-to-day operations, refinance debt and sell the assets of the partnerships without the consent of the other member and the inability of the members to replace the managing member. This evaluation requires significant judgment.

If it is determined that we do not have a controlling interest in a joint venture, either through our financial interest in a VIE or our voting interest in a voting interest entity, the equity method of accounting is used. Under this method, the investment, originally recorded at cost, is adjusted to recognize our share of net earnings or losses of the affiliates as they occur rather than as dividends or other distributions are received, limited to the extent of our investment in, advances to and commitments for the investee. Pursuant to our joint venture agreements, allocations of profits and losses of some of our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures may be allocated disproportionately as compared to nominal ownership percentages due to specified preferred return rate thresholds.

The Company periodically reviews the carrying value of its investment in unconsolidated joint ventures to determine if circumstances exist indicating impairment to the carrying value of the investment that is other than temporary. When an impairment indicator is present, we will estimate the fair value of the investment.  Our estimate of fair value takes into consideration factors such as expected future operating income, trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors.  This determination requires significant estimates by management, including the expected cash flows to be generated by the assets owned and operated by the joint venture. Subsequent changes in estimates could impact the determination of whether impairment exists. To the extent impairment has occurred, the loss will be measured as the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of our investment in the unconsolidated joint venture.

Development Loans Receivable

The Company accounts for the credit risk associated with its development loans receivable by monitoring the portfolio for indications of impairment.  Our methodology consists of the following:

 
·
Identifying loans for individual review. In general, these consist of development loans that are not performing in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan.
 
·
Assessing whether the loans identified for review are impaired. That is, whether it is probable that all amounts will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  We determine the amount of impairment by calculating the estimated fair value, discounted cash flows or the value of the underlying collateral.

Any charge to earnings necessary based on our review is recorded on our income statement as an impairment of a development loan receivable.  Our assessment of impairment is based on information known at the time of the review. Changes in factors underlying the assessment could have a material impact on the amount of impairment to be charged against earnings. Such changes could impact future results.

Based on our reviews, we determined that it is probable that all amounts will be collected according to the contractual terms of each of our development loan agreements.
 

Accounting for Derivative Financial Investments and Hedging Activities

We use derivatives to hedge, fix and cap interest rate risk and we account for our derivative and hedging activities by recording all derivative instruments at fair value on the balance sheet. Derivative instruments designated in a hedge relationship to mitigate exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as our risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking each hedge transaction. Cash flow hedges that are considered highly effective are accounted for by recording the fair value of the derivative instrument on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability, with a corresponding amount recorded in other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity. Amounts are reclassified from other comprehensive income to the income statements in the period or periods the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings.

Under cash flow hedges, derivative gains and losses not considered highly effective in hedging the change in expected cash flows of the hedged item are recognized immediately in the income statement. For hedge transactions that do not qualify for the short-cut method, at the hedge’s inception and on a regular basis thereafter, a formal assessment is performed to determine whether changes in the cash flows of the derivative instruments have been highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged items and whether they are expected to be highly effective in the future.

RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Effective January 1, 2012, we adopted ASC Update No. 2011-05 concerning the presentation of comprehensive income. The amendment provides guidance to improve comparability, consistency, and transparency of financial reporting. The amendment also eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. Instead, entities will be required to present all non-owner changes in stockholders’ equity as either a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements, for which we have elected to present two separate but consecutive statements.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

We have entered into a number of transactions and arrangements that involve related parties. For a description of the transactions and arrangements, please see Note 7, “Commitments and Contingencies and Related Party Transactions,” to the consolidated financial statements.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commitments to make future payments under contracts, such as debt and lease agreements, as of December 31, 2012.

Contractual Obligations
 
2013
   
2014
   
2015
   
2016
   
2017
   
Thereafter
 
Long Term Debt
  $ 16,486     $ 32,139     $ 136,361     $ 282,291     $ 156,864     $ 65,321  
Interest Expense on Long Term Debt
    37,592       36,219       29,910       20,708       3,290       30,611  
Unsecured Term Loan (1)
    -       -       100,000       -       -       -  
Unsecured Line of Credit
    -       -       -       -       -       -  
Interest Expense on Unsecured Term Loan
    3,190       3,190       2,703       -       -       -  
Hotel Ground Rent
    730       735       735       735       735       61,665  
Total
  $ 57,998     $ 72,283     $ 269,709     $ 303,734     $ 160,889     $ 157,597  

 
(1)
On January 3, 2013, we funded the remaining $50,000 tranche of the unsecured term loan portion of our credit facility, which was used to pay off mortgage indebtedness for one of our hotel properties.
 
 
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk (in thousands, except per share data)

Our primary market risk exposure is to changes in interest rates on our variable rate debt. As of December 31, 2012, we are exposed to interest rate risk with respect to variable rate borrowings under our $400,000 credit facility and certain variable rate mortgages and notes payable. As of December 31, 2012, we had total variable rate debt outstanding of $70,548 with a weighted average interest rate of 3.44%.  The effect of a 100 basis point increase or decrease in the interest rate on our variable rate debt outstanding as of December 31, 2012 would be an increase or decrease in our interest expense for the twelve months ended December 31, 2012 of $1,143.

                Our interest rate risk objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate fluctuations on earnings and cash flows and to lower our overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we manage our exposure to fluctuations in market interest rates for a portion of our borrowings through the use of fixed rate debt instruments to the extent that reasonably favorable rates are obtainable with such arrangements. We have also entered into derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swaps or caps, and in the future may enter into treasury options or locks, to mitigate our interest rate risk on a related financial instrument or to effectively lock the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt. As of December 31, 2012, we have an interest rate cap related to debt on the Hotel 373, New York, NY and our two subordinated notes payable, and we have six interest rate swaps related to debt on the Holiday Inn Express Times Square, New York, NY, Courtyard by Marriott, Westside, Los Angeles, CA, Capitol Hill Hotel, Washington DC, Courtyard by Marriott, Miami Beach, FL, and our corporate credit facility.  Subsequent to December 31, 2012, we repaid the mortgage secured by the Holiday Inn Express Times Square in New York, NY, and terminated the interest rate swaps associated with this mortgage.  We do not intend to enter into derivative or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes.

As of December 31, 2012 all of our outstanding consolidated long-term indebtedness is subject to fixed rates or effectively capped, including borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

Changes in market interest rates on our fixed-rate debt impact the fair value of the debt, but such changes have no impact on interest expense incurred. If interest rates rise 100 basis points and our fixed rate debt balance remains constant, we expect the fair value of our debt to decrease. The sensitivity analysis related to our fixed-rate debt assumes an immediate 100 basis point move in interest rates from their December 31, 2012 levels, with all other variables held constant. A 100 basis point increase in market interest rates would cause the fair value of our fixed-rate debt outstanding at December 31, 2012 to be approximately $719,512 and a 100 basis point decrease in market interest rates would cause the fair value of our fixed-rate debt outstanding at December 31, 2012 to be approximately $769,190.

We regularly review interest rate exposure on our outstanding borrowings in an effort to minimize the risk of interest rate fluctuations. For debt obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2012, the following table presents expected principal repayments and related weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates (in thousands):

   
2013
   
2014
   
2015
   
2016
   
2017
   
Thereafter
   
Total
 
                                           
Fixed Rate Debt
  $ 16,486     $ 32,139     $ 236,361     $ 282,291     $ 137,864     $ 13,774     $ 718,915  
Weighted Average Interest Rate
    5.42 %     5.38 %     5.79 %     5.77 %     7.15 %     7.15 %     5.24 %
                                                         
Floating Rate Debt
    -       -       -       -       19,000     $ 51,548     $ 70,548  
Weighted Average Interest Rate
    3.43 %     3.43 %     3.43 %     3.43 %     3.20 %     3.20 %     2.87 %
    $ 16,486     $ 32,139     $ 236,361     $ 282,291     $ 156,864     $ 65,322     $ 789,463  

The table incorporates only those exposures that existed as of December 31, 2012, and does not consider exposure or positions that could arise after that date. As a result, our ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on the exposures that arise during the future period, prevailing interest rates, and our hedging strategies at that time.
 

The following table illustrates expected principal repayments and certain adjustments to reflect:

 
the Company’s exercise of each of the extension options within its discretion or upon lender approval, and
 
the lender’s extension of the maturity of the revolving line of credit extension option.

   
2013
   
2014
   
2015
   
2016
   
2017
   
Thereafter
   
Total
 
                                           
Principal repayments due as of December 31, 2012, as noted above
  $ 16,486     $ 32,139     $ 236,361     $ 282,291     $ 156,864     $ 65,322     $ 789,463  
                                                         
Adjustments: Extension Options (1)
                                                       
                                                         
Courtyard - Miami Beach Oceanfront (2)
    -       -       -       (50,000 )     50,000       -       -  
Courtyard - Los Angeles, CA  (3)
    -       -       (27,500 )     27,500       -       -       -  
Capitol Hill Hotel - Washington DC (4)
    -       -       (23,635 )     1,467       22,168       -       -  
Holiday Inn Express - Times Square (5)
    38,540       (991 )     (1,044 )     (36,506 )     -       -       -  
Term Loan (6)
    -       -       (100,000 )     -       150,000       -       50,000  
As Adjusted Principal Repayments
  $ 55,026     $ 31,148     $ 84,182     $ 224,752     $ 379,032     $ 65,322     $ 839,463  
 
(1) Adjustments include amortization of principal scheduled to occur subsequent to December 31, 2012 through maturity date and extended maturity date if options are exercised.

(2) Represents mortgage debt on the Courtyard Miami Beach Oceanfront. The loan is schedule to mature in July 2016 and contains a one year extension option. The intial funding is $45.0 million, with three additional draws of $5.0 million each every 90 days to fund the construction of the new 93-room ocean front tower.

(3) Represents mortgage debt on the Courtyard, Los Angeles, CA, which contains a one-year extension option, subject to the lender's approval in its discretion, effectively extending the maturity from September 2015 to September 2016.

(4) Represents mortgage debt on the Capitol Hill Hotel, Washington DC, which contains a two-year extension option, which is subject to the lender's approval in its discretion, effectively extending the maturity from February 2015 to February 2017.

(5) Represents the paydown of the mortgage debt on the Holiday Inn Express - Times Square in January 2013.

(6) Represents borrowings under the $150 million unsecured term loan portion of the $400 million unsecured credit facility.  This credit facility contains two one-year extension options, which are subject to the lenders' approval in their discretion.  If approved, the maturity could be extended from November 2015 to November 2017. The adjusted 2017 amount reflects an additional $50 million drawn on the term loan on January 3, 2013.
 

Item 8. 
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Hersha Hospitality Trust

 
Page
   
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 50
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011
 51
Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010
 52
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010
 54
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
 55
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
 56
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 57-94
Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation for the year ended December 31, 2012
 100
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
The Board of Trustees and Shareholders of
Hersha Hospitality Trust:
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Hersha Hospitality Trust and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2012. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we have also audited the financial statement schedule as listed in the accompanying index.  These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of Hersha Hospitality Trust’s management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.  An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.  An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Hersha Hospitality Trust and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Hersha Hospitality Trust and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 22, 2013, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
February 22, 2013
 

HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
Assets:
           
Investment in Hotel Properties, net of Accumulated Depreciation, (including consolidation of variable interest entity assets of $86,657 and $0)
  $ 1,466,713     $ 1,341,536  
Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
    16,007       38,839  
Development Loans Receivable
    28,425       35,747  
Cash and Cash Equivalents
    69,059       24,568  
Escrow Deposits
    26,792       27,321  
Hotel Accounts Receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $365 and $495
    11,538       11,353  
Deferred Financing Costs, net of Accumulated Amortization of $4,841 and $9,138
    8,695       9,023  
Due from Related Parties
    8,488       6,189  
Intangible Assets, net of Accumulated Amortization of $2,413 and $1,357
    8,698       8,013  
Deposits on Hotel Acquisitions
    37,750       19,500  
Other Assets
    25,514       14,991  
Hotel Assets Held for Sale
    -       93,829  
                 
Total Assets
  $ 1,707,679     $ 1,630,909  
                 
Liabilities and Equity:
               
Line of Credit
  $ -     $ 51,000  
Unsecured Term Loan
    100,000       -  
Mortgages and Notes Payable, including net Unamortized Premium (including consolidation of variable interest entity debt of $57,256 and $0)
    692,708       707,374  
Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
    33,838       31,140  
Dividends and Distributions Payable
    15,621       13,908  
Due to Related Parties
    4,403       2,932  
Liabilities Related to Assets Held for Sale
    -       61,758  
                 
Total Liabilities
    846,570       868,112  
                 
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests - Common Units (Note 1)
  $ 15,321     $ 14,955  
                 
Equity:
               
Shareholders' Equity:
               
Preferred Shares:  8% Series A, $.01 Par Value, 29,000,000 shares authorized, 2,400,000 Shares Issued and Outstanding (Aggregate Liquidation Preference $60,000) at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011
    24       24  
Preferred Shares:  8% Series B, $.01 Par Value, 4,600,000 shares authorized, 4,600,000 Shares Issued and Outstanding (Aggregate Liquidation Preference $115,000) at December 31, 2012 and none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2011
    46       46  
Common Shares:  Class A, $.01 Par Value,  300,000,000 Shares Authorized at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, 198,672,356 and 169,969,973 Shares Issued and Outstanding at December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively
    1,986       1,699  
Common Shares:  Class B, $.01 Par Value, 1,000,000 Shares Authorized, None Issued and Outstanding
    -       -  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
    (1,786 )     (1,151 )
Additional Paid-in Capital
    1,178,292       1,041,027  
Distributions in Excess of Net Income
    (348,734 )     (310,972 )
Total Shareholders' Equity
    829,828       730,673  
                 
Noncontrolling Interests (Note 1):
               
Noncontrolling Interests - Common Units
    15,484       16,862  
Noncontrolling Interests - Consolidated Joint Ventures
    -       307  
Noncontrolling Interests - Consolidated Variable Interest Entity
    476       -  
Total Noncontrolling Interests
    15,960       17,169  
                 
Total Equity
    845,788       747,842  
                 
Total Liabilities and Equity
  $ 1,707,679     $ 1,630,909  

The Accompanying Notes Are an Integral Part of These Consolidated Financial Statements.


HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]
 
                   
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Revenue:
                 
Hotel Operating Revenues
  $ 356,005     $ 282,534     $ 236,191  
Interest Income from Development Loans
    1,998       3,427       4,686  
Other Revenues
    212       333       325  
Total Revenues
    358,215       286,294       241,202  
                         
Operating Expenses:
                       
Hotel Operating Expenses
    196,119       153,227       129,978  
Hotel Ground Rent
    835       877       941  
Real Estate and Personal Property Taxes and Property Insurance
    22,527       19,062       16,924  
General and Administrative (including Share Based Payments of $9,678, $7,590, and $6,649)
    23,427       18,532       16,862  
Acquisition and Terminated Transaction Costs
    1,187       2,742       4,802  
Depreciation and Amortization
    57,364       50,780       43,946  
Total Operating Expenses
    301,459       245,220       213,453  
                         
Operating Income
    56,756       41,074       27,749  
                         
Interest Income
    1,311       456       168  
Interest Expense
    43,967       40,478       39,622  
Other Expense
    788       970       463  
Loss on Debt Extinguishment
    3,324       123       878  
Income (loss) before (Loss) Income from Unconsolidated Joint Venture Investments, Income Taxes and Discontinued Operations
    9,988       (41 )     (13,046 )
                         
(Loss) Income from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
    (232 )     210       (1,751 )
Impairment of Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture
    -       (1,677 )     -  
(Loss) Gain from Remeasurement of Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture
    (1,892 )     2,757       4,008  
(Loss) Income from Unconsolidated Joint Venture Investments
    (2,124 )     1,290       2,257  
                         
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes
    7,864       1,249       (10,789 )
                         
Income Tax Benefit
    3,355       -       -  
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
    11,219       1,249       (10,789 )
                         
Discontinued Operations  (Note 12):
                       
Gain on Disposition of Hotel Properties
    11,231       991       347  
Impairment of Discontinued Assets
    -       (30,248 )     (2,433 )
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations
    (232 )     1,040       (4,327 )
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations
    10,999       (28,217 )     (6,413 )
                         
Net Income (Loss)
    22,218       (26,968 )     (17,202 )
                         
Loss Allocated to Noncontrolling Interests
    158       1,734       845  
Preferred Distributions
    (14,000 )     (10,499 )     (4,800 )
                         
Net Income (Loss) applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ 8,376     $ (35,733 )   $ (21,157 )

The Accompanying Notes Are an Integral Part of These Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Earnings Per Share:
                 
BASIC
                 
(Loss) from Continuing Operations applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ (0.01 )   $ (0.05 )   $ (0.11 )
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ 0.05     $ (0.16 )     (0.05 )
                         
Net Income (Loss) applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ 0.04     $ (0.21 )   $ (0.16 )
                         
DILUTED
                       
(Loss) from Continuing Operations applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ (0.01 ) *   $ (0.05 ) *   $ (0.11 ) *
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ 0.05 *   $ (0.16 ) *     (0.05 ) *
                         
Net Income (Loss) applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ 0.04 *   $ (0.21 ) *   $ (0.16 )*
                         
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding:
                       
Basic
    187,415,270       168,753,382       134,370,172  
Diluted
    187,415,270 *     168,753,382 *     134,370,172 *

*
Income (loss) allocated to noncontrolling interest in Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership has been excluded from the numerator and operating partnership units held by the limited partners of Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership (“Common Units”), have been omitted from the denominator for the purpose of computing diluted earnings per share since the effect of including these amounts in the numerator and denominator would have no impact.  In addition, potentially dilutive common shares, if any, have been excluded from the denominator if they are anti-dilutive to income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to common shareholders.

The following table summarizes potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded from the denominator for the purpose of computing diluted earnings per share:
 
   
Twelve Months Ended
 
   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
                   
Common Units of Limited Partnership Interest
    7,208,123       7,295,112       8,628,492  
Unvested Stock Awards Outstanding
    433,097       584,216       396,328  
Contingently Issuable Share Awards
    2,778,545       2,097,456       934,097  
Options to Acquire Common Shares Outstanding
    275,580       2,360,156       2,327,219  
Total potentially dilutive securities excluded from the denominator
    10,695,345       12,336,940       12,286,136  

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of These Consolidated Financial Statements.
 

HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]]

   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Net income (loss)
    22,218       (26,968 )     (17,202 )
Other comprehensive loss
                       
Change in fair value of derivative instruments
    (635 )     (813 )     (178 )
Comprehensive income (loss)
    21,583       (27,781 )     (17,380 )
Less:  Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests
    158       1,734       845  
Comprehensive income (loss)  attributable to common shareholders
  $ 21,741     $ (26,047 )   $ (16,535 )

The Accompanying Notes are an Integral Part of These Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

 
Shareholders' Equity
 
Noncontrolling Interests
 
Redeemable
Noncontrolling
Interests
 
 
Class A
Common Shares
 
Class B
Common Shares
 
Series A
Preferred Shares
 
Series B
Preferred Shares
                   
Common Units
                 
Common Units
 
 
Shares
 
Dollars
 
Shares
 
Dollars
 
Shares
 
Dollars
 
Shares
 
Dollars
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Distributions
in Excess
of Net
Earnings
   
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
 
Shares
 
Dollars
 
Consolidated
Joint Ventures
 
Consolidated
Variable Interest
Entity
 
Total
Noncontr
olling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
 
Shares
 
Dollars
 
Balance at December 31, 2009
  57,682,917   $ 577     -   $ -     2,400,000   $ 24     -   $ -   $ 487,481   $ (160 ) $ (185,725 )   $ 302,197     5,637,558   $ 27,126   $ 267   $ -   $ 27,393   $ 329,590     3,064,252   $ 14,733  
Unit Conversion
  2,934,511     29     -     -     -     -     -     -     12,405     -     -       12,434     (2,884,511 )   (12,203 )   -     -     (12,203 )   231     (50,000 )   (230 )
Reallocation of Noncontrolling Interest
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (6,374 )   -     -       (6,374 )   -     -     -     -     -     (6,374 )   -     6,374  
Common Stock Issuance
                                                                                                    -                    
Common Stock Offering, net of costs
  108,100,000     1,081     -     -     -     -     -     -     419,360     -     -       420,441     -     -     -     -     -     420,441     -     -  
Common Units Issued for Acquisitions
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -       -     1,651,613     6,256     -     -     6,256     6,256     -     -  
Dividends and Distributions declared:
                                                                                                    -                    
Common Stock ($0.20 per share)
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (29,277 )     (29,277 )   -     0     -     -     -     (29,277 )   -     -  
Preferred Stock ($2.00 per Series A share)
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (4,800 )     (4,800 )   -     -     -     -     -     (4,800 )   -     -  
Common Units ($0.20 per share)
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -       -     -     (1,090 )   -     -     (1,090 )   (1,090 )   -     (610 )
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
  2,655     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     12     -     -       12     -     -     -     -     -     12     -     -  
Stock Based Compensation
                                                                                                    -                    
Grants
  485,555     5     -     -     -     -     -     -     259     -     -       264     -     -     -     -     -     264     -     -  
Amortization
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     5,072     -     -       5,072     -     -     -     -     -     5,072     -     -  
Distribution to Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Joint Ventures
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -       -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -  
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Instrument
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (178 )   -       (178 )   -     -     -     -     -     (178 )   -     -  
Net Loss
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (16,357 )     (16,357 )   -     (679 )   207     -     (472 )   (16,829 )   -     (373 )
Balance at December 31, 2010
  169,205,638   $ 1,692     -   $ -     2,400,000   $ 24     -   $ -   $ 918,215   $ (338 ) $ (236,159 )   $ 683,434     4,404,660     19,410     474     -     19,884     703,318     3,014,252     19,894  
Unit Conversion
  195,000     2     -     -     -     -     -     -     637     -     -       639     (245,000 )   (868 )   -     -     (868 )   (229 )   50,000     230  
Reallocation of Noncontrolling Interest
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     3,835     -     -       3,835     -     (13 )   -     -     (13 )   3,822     -     (3,822 )
Preferred Stock Issuance
                                                                                                    -                    
Preferred Stock Offering, net of costs
  -     -     -     -     -     -     4,600,000     46     110,931     -     -       110,977     -     -     -     -     -     110,977     -     -  
Common Units Issued for Acquisitions
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -       -     46,404     204     -     -     204     204     -     -  
Dividends and Distributions declared:
                                                                                                    -                    
Common Stock ($0.23 per share)
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (39,080 )     (39,080 )   -     -     -     -     -     (39,080 )   -     -  
Preferred Stock ($2.00 per Series A share)
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (4,800 )     (4,800 )   -     -     -     -     -     (4,800 )   -     -  
Preferred Stock ($1.24 per Series B share)
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (5,699 )     (5,699 )   -     -     -     -     -     (5,699 )            
Common Units ($0.23 per share)
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -       -     -     (969 )   -     -     (969 )   (969 )   -     (702 )
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
  2,933     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     14     -     -       14     -     -     -     -     -     14     -     -  
Stock Based Compensation
                                                                                                    -                    
Grants
  566,402     5     -     -     -     -     -     -     1,630     -     -       1,635     -     -     -     -     -     1,635     -     -  
Amortization
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     5,765     -     -       5,765     -     -     -     -     -     5,765     -     -  
Contribution by Noncontrolling Interests in
consolidated joint venture
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -       -     -     -     342     -     342     342              
Deconsolidation of consolidated joint venture
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -       -     -     -     (322 )   -     (322 )   (322 )   -     -  
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (813 )   -       (813 )   -     -     -           -     (813 )   -     -  
Net Loss
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (25,234 )     (25,234 )   -     (902 )   (187 )   -     (1,089 )   (26,323 )   -     (645 )
Balance at December 31, 2011
  169,969,973   $ 1,699     -     -     2,400,000   $ 24     4,600,000   $ 46   $ 1,041,027   $ (1,151 ) $ (310,972 )   $ 730,673     4,206,064   $ 16,862   $ 307   $ -   $ 17,169   $ 747,842     3,064,252   $ 14,955  
Unit Conversion
  157,810     1     -     -     -     -     -     -     571     -     -       572     (157,810 )   (572 )   -     -     (572 )   -     -     -  
Reallocation of Noncontrolling Interest
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (966 )   -     -       (966 )   -     -     -     -     -     (966 )   -     966  
Common Stock Issuance
                                                                                                                         
Common Stock Offering, net of costs
  24,000,000     240     -     -     -     -     -     -     128,318     -     -       128,558     -     -     -     -     -     128,558     -     -  
Common Stock Option Cancellation
  2,521,561     25     -     -     -     -     -     -     (25 )   -     -       -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -  
Dividends and Distributions declared:
                                                                                                                         
Common Stock ($0.24 per share)
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (46,138 )     (46,138 )   -     -     -     -     -     (46,138 )   -     -  
Preferred Stock ($2.00 per Series A share)
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (3,600 )     (3,600 )   -     -     -     -     -     (3,600 )   -     -  
Preferred Stock ($2.00 per Series B share)
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (10,400 )     (10,400 )   -     -     -     -     -     (10,400 )   -     -  
Common Units ($0.24 per share)
  -     -                             -     -     -     -     -       -     -     (991 )   -     -     (991 )   (991 )   -     (736 )
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
  5,117     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     24     -     -       24     -     -     -     -     -     24     -     -  
Stock Based Compensation
                                                                                                                         
Grants
  2,017,895     21     -     -     -     -     -     -     2,616     -     -       2,637     -     -     -     -     -     2,637     -     -  
Amortization
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     6,727     -     -       6,727     -     -     -     -     -     6,727     -     -  
Consolidation of Variable Interest Entity
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -       -     -     -     -     956     956     956     -     -  
Deconsolidation of Consolidated Joint Ventures
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -       -     -     -     (307 )   -     (307 )   (307 )   -     -  
Change in Fair Value of Derivative Instruments
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     (635 )   -       (635 )   -     -     -     -     -     (635 )   -     -  
Net Income
  -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     22,376       22,376     -     185     -     (480 )   (295 )   22,081     -     136  
Balance at December 31, 2012
  198,672,356   $ 1,986     -   $ -     2,400,000   $ 24     4,600,000   $ 46   $ 1,178,292   $ (1,786 ) $ (348,734 )   $ 829,828     4,048,254   $ 15,484   $ -   $ 476   $ 15,960   $ 845,788     3,064,252   $ 15,321  

The Accompanying Notes Are an Integral Part of These Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS]

   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Operating activities:
                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 22,218     $ (26,968 )   $ (17,202 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Gain on disposition of hotel properties
    (11,231 )     (991 )     (347 )
Impairment of assets
    -       30,165       2,410  
Income tax benefit
    (3,355 )     -       -  
Depreciation
    56,071       55,704       51,823  
Amortization
    3,680       3,739       2,975  
Debt extinguishment
    2,261       145       725  
Development loan interest added to principal
    (678 )     (2,094 )     (2,559 )
Equity in loss (income) of unconsolidated joint ventures
    2,124       (1,290 )     (2,257 )
Distributions from unconsolidated joint ventures
    1,387       132       -  
Loss recognized on change in fair value of derivative instrument
    658       125       12  
Stock based compensation expense
    9,678       7,590       6,649  
Change in assets and liabilities:
                       
(Increase) decrease in:
                       
Hotel accounts receivable
    (235 )     (1,358 )     (1,694 )
Escrows
    (1,944 )     (4,378 )     (294 )
Other assets
    (2,683 )     (914 )     (273 )
Due from related parties
    (5,500 )     (1,120 )     (2,514 )
Increase (decrease) in:
                       
Due to related parties
    1,541       1,993       (131 )
Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
    (2,236 )     (1,812 )     5,163  
Net cash provided by operating activities
    71,756       58,668       42,486  
                         
Investing activities:
                       
Purchase of hotel property assets
    (67,637 )     (167,149 )     (260,755 )
Deposits on hotel acquisitions, net
    (18,750 )     (18,000 )     (5,500 )
Capital expenditures
    (28,443 )     (26,201 )     (10,328 )
Cash paid for hotel development projects
    (10,171 )     (32,120 )     (21,771 )
Proceeds from disposition of hotel properties
    63,722       2,361       2,863  
Net changes in capital expenditure escrows
    (4,454 )     (1,299 )     (885 )
Repayments from and advances to unconsolidated joint ventures, net
    (130 )     13,285       (14,191 )
Investment in notes receivable
    (150 )     -       -  
Repayment of development loans receivable
    8,000       -       -  
Repayments from and investment in notes receivable from unconsolidated joint venture, net
    1,720       (1,570 )     -  
Distributions from unconsolidated joint venture
    476       -       -  
Cash paid for franchise fee intangible
    -       (65 )     -  
Net cash used in investing activities
    (55,817 )     (230,758 )     (310,567 )
                         
Financing activities:
                       
Proceeds from (repayments of) borrowings under line of credit, net
    (51,000 )     5,000       (33,200 )
Proceeds from unsecured term loan borrowing
    100,000       -       -  
Principal repayment of mortgages and notes payable
    (187,478 )     (8,193 )     (61,810 )
Proceeds from mortgages and notes payable
    98,695       71,278       31,505  
Cash paid for deferred financing costs
    (96 )     (868 )     (4,016 )
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, net
    -       110,977       -  
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net
    128,558       -       420,441  
Acquisition of interest rate cap
    -       -       (394 )
Dividends paid on common shares
    (44,391 )     (37,323 )     (23,688 )
Dividends paid on preferred shares
    (14,000 )     (8,199 )     (4,800 )
Distributions paid on common partnership units
    (1,736 )     (1,610 )     (1,765 )
Net cash provided by financing activities
    28,552       131,062       322,273  
                         
Net  increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    44,491       (41,028 )     54,192  
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period
    24,568       65,596       11,404  
                         
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period
  $ 69,059     $ 24,568     $ 65,596  

The Accompanying Notes Are an Integral Part of These Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
56

 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Hersha Hospitality Trust (“we” or the “Company”) was formed in May 1998 as a self-administered, Maryland real estate investment trust.  We have elected to be taxed and expect to continue to elect to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes.

The Company owns a controlling general partnership interest in Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership (“HHLP” or  the “Partnership”), which owns a 99% limited partnership interest in various subsidiary partnerships. Hersha Hospitality, LLC (“HHLLC”), a Virginia limited liability company, owns a 1% general partnership interest in the subsidiary partnerships and the Partnership is the sole member of HHLLC.

The Partnership owns a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”), 44 New England Management Company (“44 New England” or “TRS Lessee”), to lease certain of the Company’s hotels.

Hersha’s common shares of beneficial interest trade on the New York Stock Exchange (“the NYSE”) under the ticker symbol "HT", its 8.0% Series A preferred shares of beneficial interest trade on the NYSE under the ticker symbol "HT PR A”, and its 8.0% Series B preferred shares of beneficial interest trade on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “HT PR B.”

As of December 31, 2012, the Company, through the Partnership and subsidiary partnerships, wholly owned 57 limited and full service hotels. All of the wholly owned hotel facilities are leased to the Company’s TRS, 44 New England.

In addition to the wholly owned hotel properties, as of December 31, 2012, the Company owned joint venture interests in another seven properties. The properties owned by the joint ventures are leased to a TRS owned by the joint venture or to an entity owned by the joint venture partners and 44 New England. The following table lists the properties owned by these joint ventures:

Joint Venture
 
Ownership
 
Property
 
Location
 
Lessee/Sublessee
                 
Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
               
Mystic Partners, LLC
 
66.7%
 
Marriott
 
Mystic, CT
 
Mystic Partners Leaseco, LLC
   
8.8%
 
Hilton
 
Hartford, CT
 
Mystic Partners Leaseco, LLC
   
66.7%
 
Courtyard
 
Norwich, CT
 
Mystic Partners Leaseco, LLC
   
66.7%
 
Courtyard
 
Warwick, RI
 
Mystic Partners Leaseco, LLC
   
15.0%
 
Marriott
 
Hartford, CT
 
Mystic Partners Leaseco, LLC
SB Partners, LLC
 
50.0%
 
Holiday Inn Express
 
South Boston, MA
 
South Bay Sandeep, LLC
Hiren Boston, LLC
 
50.0%
 
Courtyard
 
South Boston, MA
 
South Bay Boston, LLC

Mystic Partners, LLC owns an interest in five hotel properties. Our interest in Mystic Partners, LLC is relative to our interest in each of the five properties owned by the joint venture as defined in the joint venture’s governing documents. Each of the five properties owned by Mystic Partners, LLC is leased to a separate entity that is consolidated in Mystic Partners Leaseco, LLC which is owned by 44 New England and our joint venture partner in Mystic Partners, LLC.

The properties are managed by eligible independent management companies, including Hersha Hospitality Management, LP (“HHMLP”). HHMLP is owned in part by three of the Company’s executive officers, two of its trustees and other third party investors.

Principles of Consolidation and Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and include all of our accounts as well as accounts of the Partnership, subsidiary partnerships and our wholly owned TRS Lessee. All significant inter-company amounts have been eliminated.

Consolidated properties are either wholly owned or owned less than 100% by the Partnership and are controlled by the Company as general partner of the Partnership. Properties owned in joint ventures are also consolidated if the determination is made that we are the primary beneficiary in a variable interest entity (VIE) or we maintain control of the asset through our voting interest in the entity. Control can be demonstrated when the general partner has the power to impact the economic performance of the partnership, which includes the ability of the general partner to manage day-to-day operations, refinance debt and sell the assets of the partnerships without the consent of the limited partners and the inability of the limited partners to replace the general partner. Control can be demonstrated by the limited partners if the limited partners have the right to dissolve or liquidate the partnership or otherwise remove the general partner without cause or have rights to participate in the significant decisions made in the ordinary course of the partnership’s business.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

We evaluate each of our investments and contractual relationships to determine whether they meet the guidelines of consolidation. Entities are consolidated if the determination is made that we are the primary beneficiary in a variable interest entity (VIE) or we maintain control of the asset through our voting interest or other rights in the operation of the entity. To determine if we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE, we evaluate whether we have a controlling financial interest in that VIE.  An enterprise is deemed to have a controlling financial interest if it has i) the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, and ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could be significant to the VIE or the rights to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. Control can also be demonstrated by the ability of a member to manage day-to-day operations, refinance debt and sell the assets of the partnerships without the consent of the other member and the inability of the members to replace the managing member. Based on our examination, the following entities were determined to be VIE’s: Mystic Partners, LLC; Mystic Partners Leaseco, LLC; South Bay Boston, LLC; Brisam Management DE, LLC; Hersha Statutory Trust I; and Hersha Statutory Trust II. Mystic Partners, LLC is a VIE entity, however because we are not the primary beneficiary it is not consolidated by the Company. Our maximum exposure to losses due to our investment in Mystic Partners, LLC is limited to our investment in the joint venture which is $9,751 as of December 31, 2012. Also, Mystic Partners Leaseco, LLC; and South Bay Boston, LLC lease hotel properties from our joint venture interests and are VIEs. These entities are consolidated by the lessors, the primary beneficiaries of each entity. Brisam Management DE, LLC is consolidated in our financial statements, as we are considered to be the primary beneficiary. Hersha Statutory Trust I and Hersha Statutory Trust II are VIEs but HHLP is not the primary beneficiary in these entities. Accordingly,  the accounts of Hersha Statutory Trust I and Hersha Statutory Trust II are not consolidated with and into HHLP.

We allocate resources and assess operating performance based on individual hotels and consider each one of our hotels to be an operating segment.  All of our individual operating segments meet the aggregation criteria.  All of our other real estate investment activities are immaterial and meet the aggregation criteria, and thus, we report one segment: investment in hotel properties.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (US GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we made are reasonable and appropriate, as discussed in the applicable sections throughout these Consolidated Financial Statements, different assumptions and estimates could materially impact our reported results. The current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in these estimates and assumptions and changes in market conditions could impact our future operating results.

Investment in Hotel Properties

The Company allocates the purchase price of hotel properties acquired based on the fair value of the acquired real estate, furniture, fixtures and equipment, and intangible assets and the fair value of liabilities assumed, including debt. The fair value allocations were determined using Level 3 inputs, which are typically unobservable and are based on our own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. The Company’s investments in hotel properties are carried at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
 

HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Building and Improvements
7 to 40 Years
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment
2 to 7 Years

The Company periodically reviews the carrying value of each hotel to determine if circumstances indicate impairment to the carrying value of the investment in the hotel or that depreciation periods should be modified. If facts or circumstances support the possibility of impairment, the Company will prepare an estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows, without interest charges, of the specific hotel.  Based on the properties undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will determine if the investment in such hotel is recoverable. If impairment is indicated, an adjustment will be made to reduce the carrying value of the hotel to reflect the hotel at fair value.

We consider a hotel to be held for sale when management and our independent trustees commit to a plan to sell the property, the property is available for sale, management engages in an active program to locate a buyer for the property and it is probable the sale will be completed within a year of the initiation of the plan to sell.

Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures

If it is determined that we do not have a controlling interest in a joint venture, either through our financial interest in a VIE or our voting interest in a voting interest entity, the equity method of accounting is used. Under this method, the investment, originally recorded at cost, is adjusted to recognize our share of net earnings or losses of the affiliates as they occur rather than as dividends or other distributions are received, limited to the extent of our investment in, advances to and commitments for the investee. Pursuant to our joint venture agreements, allocations of profits and losses of some of our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures may be allocated disproportionately as compared to nominal ownership percentages due to specified preferred return rate thresholds.

The Company periodically reviews the carrying value of its investment in unconsolidated joint ventures to determine if circumstances indicate impairment to the carrying value of the investment that is other than temporary.  When an impairment indicator is present, we will estimate the fair value of the investment.  Our estimate of fair value takes into consideration factors such as expected future operating income, trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors.  This determination requires significant estimates by management, including the expected cash flows to be generated by the assets owned and operated by the joint venture. To the extent impairment has occurred, the loss will be measured as the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of our investment in the unconsolidated joint venture.

Development Loans Receivable

The Company provides secured first-mortgage and mezzanine financing to hotel developers. Development loans receivable are recorded at cost and are reviewed for potential impairment on an on-going basis. The Company’s development loans receivable are each secured by various hotel or hotel development properties or partnership interests in hotel or hotel development properties. We have determined that the borrowers generally are not VIEs, or in the limited instances where we have determined that the borrower is a VIE, our interest does not represent a controlling financial interest.  Accordingly, we do not consolidate the operating results of the borrower in our consolidated financial statements.  Our evaluation of this determination was made by reviewing the sufficiency of the borrower’s equity at risk, the rights of the borrower, and which party has i) the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, and ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could be significant to the VIE or the rights to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. The analysis utilized by the Company in evaluating the development loans receivable involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.

A development loan receivable is considered impaired when it becomes probable, based on current information, that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the loan’s contractual terms. The amount of impairment, if any, is measured by comparing the recorded amount of the loan to the present value of the expected cash flows or the fair value
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents represent cash on hand and in banks plus short-term investments with an initial maturity of three months or less when purchased.

Escrow Deposits

Escrow deposits include reserves for debt service, real estate taxes, and insurance and reserves for furniture, fixtures, and equipment replacements, as required by certain mortgage debt agreement restrictions and provisions.

Hotel Accounts Receivable

Hotel accounts receivable consists primarily of meeting and banquet room rental and hotel guest receivables. The Company generally does not require collateral. Ongoing credit evaluations are performed and an allowance for potential losses from uncollectible accounts is provided against the portion of accounts receivable that is estimated to be uncollectible.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs are recorded at cost and amortized over the terms of the related indebtedness using the effective interest method.

Due from/to Related Parties

Due from/to Related Parties represents current receivables and payables resulting from transactions related to hotel management and project management with affiliated entities. Due from related parties results primarily from advances of shared costs incurred and interest receivable on development loans made to related parties. Due to affiliates results primarily from hotel management and project management fees incurred. Both due to and due from related parties are generally settled within a period not to exceed one year.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of leasehold intangibles for above-market and below-market value of in-place leases and deferred franchise fees.  The leasehold intangibles are amortized over the remaining lease term. Deferred franchise fees are amortized using the straight-line method over the life of the franchise agreement.

Development Project Capitalization

We have opportunistically engaged in the development of hotel assets. We capitalize expenditures related to hotel development projects and renovations, including indirect costs such as interest expense, real estate taxes, and utilities related to hotel development projects and renovations.

Noncontrolling Interest

Noncontrolling interest in the Partnership represents the limited partner’s proportionate share of the equity of the Partnership. Income (loss) is allocated to noncontrolling interest in accordance with the weighted average percentage ownership of the Partnership during the period. At the end of each reporting period the appropriate adjustments to the income (loss) are made based upon the weighted average percentage ownership of the Partnership during the period. Our ownership interest in the Partnership as of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was 96.5%, 95.9%, and 95.8%, respectively.

We define a noncontrolling interest as the portion of equity in a subsidiary not attributable, directly or indirectly, to a parent.  Such noncontrolling interests are reported on the consolidated balance sheets within equity, but separately from the shareholders’ equity.  Revenues, expenses and net income or loss attributable to both the Company and noncontrolling interests are reported on the consolidated statements of operations.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

In accordance with US GAAP, we classify securities that are redeemable for cash or other assets at the option of the holder, or not solely within the control of the issuer, outside of permanent equity in the consolidated balance sheet.  The Company makes this determination based on terms in applicable agreements, specifically in relation to redemption provisions.  Additionally, with respect to noncontrolling interests for which the Company has a choice to settle the contract by delivery of its own shares, the Company considers the guidance in US GAAP to evaluate whether the Company controls the actions or events necessary to issue the maximum number of common shares that could be required to be delivered at the time of settlement of the contract.

We classify the noncontrolling interests of our consolidated joint ventures and certain Common Units (“Nonredeemable Common Units”) as equity.  The noncontrolling interests of Nonredeemable Common Units totaled $15,484 as of December 31, 2012 and $16,862 as of December 31, 2011.  As of December 31, 2012, there were 4,048,254 Nonredeemable Common Units outstanding with a fair market value of $20,241, based on the price per share of our common shares on the NYSE on such date.  In accordance with the partnership agreement of the Partnership, holders of these units may redeem them for cash unless we, in our sole and absolute discretion, elect to issue common shares on a one-for-one basis in lieu of paying cash.

Prior to February 1, 2013, certain Common Units (“Redeemable Common Units”) had been pledged as collateral in connection with a pledge and security agreement entered into by the Company and the holders of the Redeemable Common Units.  The redemption feature contained in the pledge and security agreement where the Redeemable Common Units served as collateral contains a provision that could result in a net cash settlement outside of the control of the Company.  As a result, prior to February 1, 2013, the Redeemable Common Units were classified in the mezzanine section of the consolidated balance sheets as they do not meet the requirements for equity classification under US GAAP.  Effective February 1, 2013, the aforementioned pledge and security agreement is no longer in place and therefore these Common Units will be treated as Nonredeemable Common Units in future filings.  The carrying value of the Redeemable Common Units equals the greater of carrying value based on the accumulation of historical cost or the redemption value.  As of December 31, 2012, there were 3,064,252 Redeemable Common Units outstanding with a redemption value equal to the fair value of the Redeemable Common Units, or $15,321.  The redemption value of the Redeemable Common Units is based on the price per share of our common shares on the NYSE on such date.  As of December 31, 2012, the Redeemable Common Units were valued on the consolidated balance sheets at redemption value since the Redeemable Common Units redemption value was greater than historical cost of $11,753.  As of December 31, 2011, the Redeemable Common Units were valued on the consolidated balance sheets at redemption value since the Redeemable Common Units redemption value was greater than historical cost of $12,402.

Net income or loss attributed to Nonredeemable Common Units and Redeemable Common Units (collectively, “Common Units”), as well as the net income or loss related to the noncontrolling interests of our consolidated joint ventures and consolidated variable interest entity, is included in net income or loss in the consolidated statements of operations.  Net income or loss attributed to the Common Units and the noncontrolling interests of our consolidated joint ventures and consolidated variable interest entity is excluded from net income or loss applicable to common shareholders in the consolidated statements of operations.

Shareholders’ Equity

On December 20, 2012, our Board of Trustees approved the repurchase of up to an aggregate of $75,000,000 of common stock. The program is expected to continue through December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2012, we did not repurchase any shares pursuant to the share repurchase program.

On May 8, 2012, we closed on a public offering in which we issued and sold 24,000,000 common shares through several underwriters for net proceeds to us of approximately $128,558.  Immediately upon the closing the offering, we contributed all of the net proceeds of the offering to HHLP in exchange for additional Common Units.  HHLP used the net proceeds of this offering to reduce some of the indebtedness outstanding under our revolving line of credit facility and for general corporate purposes, including the funding of future acquisitions.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

On August 4, 2009, we entered into a purchase agreement with Real Estate Investment Group L.P. (“REIG”), pursuant to which we sold 5,700,000 common shares at a price of $2.50 per share to REIG for gross proceeds of $14,250. We also granted REIG the option to buy up to an additional 5,700,000 common shares at a price of $3.00 per share, which was exercisable through August 4, 2014. On February 13, 2012, pursuant to the terms of the original option, we called in and canceled the option granted to REIG in exchange for the issuance of 2,521,561 common shares with an aggregate value equal to $13,566. This amount equals the volume weighted average price per common share for the 20 trading days prior to the exercise of the option, less the $3.00 option price, multiplied by the 5,700,000 common shares remaining under the option.

On May 18, 2011, we completed a public offering of 4,600,000 8.00% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares (“Series B Preferred Shares”), liquidation preference $25.00 per share, including 600,000 Series B Preferred Shares subject to an overallotment option exercised by the underwriters.  Net proceeds of the offering, less expenses and underwriters commissions, were approximately $110,977.  Net proceeds from the offering were used to reduce some of the indebtedness outstanding under our revolving line of credit facility and to fund a portion of the purchase price of Courtyard by Marriott, Westside, Los Angeles, CA, which was acquired on May 19, 2011.

On January 21, 2010, we completed a public offering in which 51,750,000 common shares, including 6,750,000 common shares subject to an overallotment option exercised by the underwriters, were sold by us through several underwriters for net proceeds to us of approximately $148,955 before the payment of offering-related expenses.  Immediately upon closing the offering, we contributed all of the net proceeds of the offering to HHLP in exchange for additional Common Units.

On March 24, 2010, we completed a public offering in which 27,600,000 common shares, including 3,600,000 common shares subject to an overallotment option exercised by the underwriters, were sold by us through several underwriters for net proceeds to us of approximately $112,762 before the payment of offering-related expenses.  Immediately upon closing the offering, we contributed all of the net proceeds of the offering to the Partnership in exchange for additional Common Units.

On October 22, 2010, we completed a public offering in which 28,750,000 common shares, including 3,750,000 common shares subject to an overallotment option exercised by the underwriters, were sold by us through several underwriters for net proceeds to us of approximately $160,017 before the payment of offering-related expenses.  Immediately upon closing the offering, we contributed all of the net proceeds of the offering to HHLP in exchange for additional Common Units.  HHLP used the net proceeds of this offering to reduce some of the indebtedness outstanding under our revolving line of credit facility and secured debt on several of our existing assets and intends to use the remainder for general corporate purposes, including repayment of debt and future acquisitions.

Stock Based Compensation

We measure the cost of employee service received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. The compensation cost is amortized on a straight line basis over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award.  The compensation cost related to performance awards that are contingent upon market based criteria being met is recorded at the fair value of the award on the date of the grant and amortized over the performance period.

Derivatives and Hedging

The Company’s objective in using derivatives is to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements or other identified risks. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and interest rate caps as part of its cash flow hedging strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts in exchange for fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying principal amount. Interest rate caps designated as cash flow hedges limit the Company’s exposure to increased cash payments due to increases in variable interest rates.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue and expense for all consolidated hotels as hotel operating revenue and hotel operating expense when earned and incurred. These revenues are recorded net of any sales or occupancy taxes collected from our guests. We participate in frequent guest programs sponsored by the brand owners of our hotels and we expense the charges associated with those programs, as incurred.

Interest income on development loan financing is recorded in the period earned based on the interest rate of the loan and outstanding balance during the period. Development loans receivable and accrued interest on the development loans receivable are evaluated to determine if outstanding balances are collectible.  Interest is recorded only if it is determined the outstanding loan balance and accrued interest balance are collectible.

Other revenues consist primarily of fees earned for asset management services provided to hotels we own through unconsolidated joint ventures. Fees are earned as a percentage of hotel revenue and are recorded in the period earned to the extent of the noncontrolling interest ownership.

Income Taxes

The Company qualifies as a REIT under applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended, and intends to continue to qualify as a REIT. In general, under such provisions, a trust which has made the required election and, in the taxable year, meets certain requirements and distributes to its shareholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income will not be subject to Federal income tax to the extent of the income which it distributes. Earnings and profits, which determine the taxability of dividends to shareholders, differ from net income reported for financial reporting purposes due primarily to differences in depreciation of hotel properties for Federal income tax purposes.

Deferred income taxes relate primarily to the TRS Lessee and are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting bases of assets and liabilities of the TRS Lessee and their respective tax bases and for their operating loss and tax credit carry forwards based on enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when such amounts are realized or settled. However, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is more likely than not that they will be realized based on consideration of available evidence, including tax planning strategies and other factors.

The Company may recognize a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more-likely-than-not (defined as a likelihood of more than 50%) that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. If a tax position does not meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, despite the Company’s belief that its filing position is supportable, the benefit of that tax position is not recognized in the statements of operations. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, as applicable, related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. The Company recognizes unrecognized tax benefits in the period that the uncertainty is eliminated by either affirmative agreement of the uncertain tax position by the applicable taxing authority, or by expiration of the applicable statute of limitation. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Company did not record any uncertain tax positions. As of December 31, 2012, with few exceptions, the Company is subject to tax examinations by U.S. federal, state, and local income tax authorities for years 2003 through 2012.
 
Reclassification

Certain amounts in the prior year financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Effective January 1, 2012, we adopted ASC Update No. 2011-05 concerning the presentation of comprehensive income. The amendment provides guidance to improve comparability, consistency, and transparency of financial reporting.  The amendment also eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity.  Instead, entities will be required to present all non-owner changes in stockholders’ equity as either a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements, for which we have elected to present two separate but consecutive statements.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 2 – INVESTMENT IN HOTEL PROPERTIES

Investment in hotel properties consists of the following at December 31, 2012 and 2011:

   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
             
Land
  $ 305,286     $ 278,442  
Buildings and Improvements
    1,214,865       1,090,280  
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment
    171,892       151,600  
Construction in Progress
    40,572       32,298  
      1,732,615       1,552,620  
                 
Less Accumulated Depreciation
    (265,902 )     (211,084 )
                 
Total Investment in Hotel Properties
  $ 1,466,713     $ 1,341,536  

Depreciation expense was $55,956, $55,336 and $51,823 (including depreciation on assets held for sale) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2012, we acquired the following wholly-owned hotel and hotel development properties:

Hotel
 
Acquisition Date
 
Land
   
Buildings and Improvements
   
Furniture
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Franchise Fees,
Loan Costs, and
Leasehold
Intangible
   
Leasehold Liability
   
Acquisition Costs
   
Construction in Progress
   
Total Purchase
Price
   
Fair Value of
Assumed
Debt
 
The Rittenhouse Hotel,
    Philadelphia, PA
 
3/1/2012
  $ 7,119     $ 29,605     $ 3,580     $ 2,156     $ (827 )   $ 963     $ -     $ 42,596     $ -  
Bulfinch Hotel,
    Boston, MA
 
5/7/2012
    1,456       14,954       1,790       -       -       61       -       18,261       -  
Holiday Inn Express,
    New York, NY
 
6/18/2012
    30,329       57,016       2,856       98       -       67       -       90,366       73,038  
Courtyard by Marriot,
     Ewing, NJ
 
8/13/2012
    950       9,835       1,415       30       -       8       -       12,238       12,875  
                                                                             
Total
      $ 39,854     $ 111,410     $ 9,641     $ 2,284     $ (827 )   $ 1,099     $ -     $ 163,461     $ 85,913  

On August 13, 2012, the Company purchased, from an unaffiliated seller, the remaining 50% ownership in Inn America Hospitality at Ewing, LLC (“Inn at Ewing”), the owner of the Courtyard by Marriot, Ewing, NJ.  Consideration given for this interest in Inn at Ewing included the assumption of the property’s mortgage debt of $12,875.

On June 18, 2012, the Company purchased, from an unaffiliated seller, the remaining 50% ownership interest in Metro 29th Street Associates, LLC (“Metro 29th”), the lessee of the Holiday Inn Express, New York, NY.  Consideration given for this interest in Metro 29th included $10,000 cash and the forgiveness of approximately $800 of accrued interest payable under a mezzanine loan made by the Company to an affiliate of the seller.  Brisam Management DE, LLC (“Brisam”), as the owner of the land, building and improvements leased by Metro 29th, is considered a variable interest entity and, based on our evaluation, we determined that we are the primary beneficiary of this variable interest entity and therefore Brisam is consolidated in our financial statements.  As a result, we included in our consolidated financial statements approximately $90,201 in investment in hotel properties and an aggregate of $73,038 in first mortgage and mezzanine debt at acquisition.  On the date we acquired the remaining interest in Metro 29th, we determined that the stated rate of interest on the first mortgage debt was above market and, accordingly, recorded a $3,436 premium.   Also included in this transaction was an option to acquire the equity interests in the entity owning the real estate assets or the real estate assets from Brisam for nominal consideration. The option is exercisable by the Company after September 1, 2016 or before that date in the event of certain specified events.  This option may be put to the Company by the Seller at any time.  On June 29, 2012, the Company repaid the $15,000 mezzanine debt.

As shown in the table below, included in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012 are total revenues of $31,476 and total net income of $1,085 for hotels we have acquired and consolidated since the date of acquisition.   These amounts represent the results of operations for these hotels since the date of acquisition:
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 2 – INVESTMENT IN HOTEL PROPERTIES (continued)
 
   
December 31, 2012
 
Hotel
 
Revenue
   
Net
(Loss)
Income
 
The Rittenhouse Hotel, Philadelphia, PA
  $ 16,886     $ (1,834 )
Bulfinch Hotel, Boston, MA
    2,791       574  
Holiday Inn Express, New York, NY
    10,170       2,142  
Courtyard by Marriot, Ewing, NJ
    1,620       203  
                 
Total
  $ 31,467     $ 1,085  

During the year ended December 31, 2011 we acquired the following wholly owned hotel properties:
 
Hotel
 
Acquisition Date
 
Land
   
Buildings and Improvements
   
Furniture
Fixtures and
Equipment
   
Franchise Fees,
Loan Costs, and
Leasehold
Intangible
(Liability)
   
Acquisition Costs
   
Construction in Progress
   
Total Purchase
Price
   
Fair Value of
Assumed Debt
 
Holiday Inn Express,
     Water Street, New York, NY
 
3/25/2011
  $ 7,341     $ 28,591     $ 2,704     $ 28     $ 716     $ -     $ 39,380     $ -  
Capitol Hill Suites,
     Washington, DC
 
4/15/2011
    8,095       35,141       4,264       254       1,043       -       48,797       32,500  
Courtyard by Marriott,
   Westside, Los Angeles, CA
 
5/19/2011
    13,489       27,025       6,486       148       165       -       47,313       -  
Hampton Inn,
   Pearl Street, New York,  NY
 
7/22/2011
    -       -       -       -       -       28,300       28,300          
Courtyard by Marriott,
   Miami,  FL
 
11/16/2011
    35,699       55,805       6,142       (1,979 )     236       -       95,903       30,052  
                                                                     
Total
      $ 64,624     $ 146,562     $ 19,596     $ (1,549 )   $ 2,160     $ 28,300     $ 259,693     $ 62,552  
 
As shown in the table below, included in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012 are total revenues of $48,084 and total net income of $2,573 and for the year ended December 31, 2011 are total revenues of $19,476 and total net loss of $684 for hotels we have acquired and consolidated since the date of acquisition.   These amounts represent the results of operations for these hotels since the date of acquisition:

   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
Hotel
 
Revenue
   
Net
 Income
(Loss)
   
Revenue
   
Net
 Income
(Loss)
 
Holiday Inn Express, Water Street, New York, NY
  $ 5,847     $ 1,142     $ 5,605     $ 785  
Capitol Hill Suites, Washington, DC
    7,570       (301 )     5,327       (1,601 )
Courtyard by Marriott, Westside, Los Angeles, CA
    11,871       865       6,760       557  
Courtyard by Marriott, Miami,  FL
    15,952       1,703       1,716       (135 )
Sheraton, New Castle, DE
    6,844       (836 )     68       (290 )
Total
  $ 48,084     $ 2,573     $ 19,476     $ (684 )


HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 2 – INVESTMENT IN HOTEL PROPERTIES (continued)
 
Pro Forma Results (Unaudited)

The following condensed pro forma financial data are presented as if all acquisitions completed since January 1, 2012 and 2011 had been completed on January 1, 2011 and 2010.  Properties acquired without any operating history are excluded from the condensed pro forma operating results.  The condensed pro forma financial data are not necessarily indicative of what actual results of operations of the Company would have been assuming the acquisitions had been consummated on January 1, 2012 and 2011 at the beginning of the year presented, nor does it purport to represent the results of operations for future periods.

   
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
 
Pro Forma Total Revenues
  $ 370,177     $ 345,093  
                 
Pro Forma Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
  $ 10,986     $ 2,367  
Income (loss) from Discontinued Operations
    10,999       (28,217 )
Pro Forma Net Income (loss)
    21,985       (25,850 )
Loss allocated to Noncontrolling Interest
    166       (1,780 )
Preferred Distributions
    (14,000 )     (10,499 )
Pro Forma Net Income (loss) applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ 8,151     $ (38,129 )
                 
Pro Forma Income (Loss)   applicable to Common Shareholders per Common Share
               
Basic
  $ 0.04     $ (0.23 )
Diluted
  $ 0.04     $ (0.23 )
                 
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding
               
Basic
    187,415,270       168,753,382  
Diluted
    187,415,270       168,753,382  

Asset Development and Renovation

We have opportunistically engaged in development of hotel assets.  We capitalize expenditures related to hotel development projects and renovations, including indirect costs such as interest expense, real estate taxes and utilities related to hotel development projects and renovations.

On July 22, 2011, the Company completed the acquisition of the real property and improvements located at 32 Pearl Street, New York, NY from an unaffiliated seller for a total purchase price of $28,300.  The property is a re-development project which was initiated in 2008. The Company acquired the real property and the improvements for cash and by cancelling an $8,000 development loan on the re-development project made to the seller and by cancelling $300 of accrued interest receivable from the seller.  Since the date of acquisition and through December 31, 2012, we have spent $5,937 in development costs, including $420 in property tax expense.  All such costs have been capitalized.

During the first quarter of 2012, the Company commenced construction of an additional oceanfront tower, additional meeting space and structured parking on a land parcel adjacent to the Courtyard by Marriott, Miami, Florida, a hotel acquired on November 16, 2011. See “Note 6 – Debt” for information on the financing of this construction. This land parcel was included in the acquisition of the hotel.  Since commencement of construction and through December 31, 2012, we have spent $6,029 in construction costs.  All such costs have been capitalized.

In October 2012, Hurricane Sandy affected numerous hotel operations within our portfolio.  Two hotels within our portfolio were significantly impacted by this natural disaster; one hotel which is currently inoperable (Holiday Inn Express Water Street, New York, NY) and one hotel development project which has incurred delays in construction (Hampton Inn, Pearl Street, New York, NY).  We have recorded estimated property losses of $1,586 on the Holiday Inn Express Water Street and a corresponding insurance claim receivable of $1,486, and we expect this hotel to re-open in June 2013.  We have recorded estimated property losses of $1,997 on the Hampton Inn Pearl Street and a corresponding insurance claim receivable of $1,897, and we expect this hotel to open in September 2013.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 3 - INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURES
 
As of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 our investment in unconsolidated joint ventures consisted of the following:

       
Percent
   
Preferred
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
Joint Venture
 
Hotel Properties
 
Owned
   
Return
   
2012
   
2011
 
                             
SB Partners, LLC
 
Holiday Inn Express,  South Boston, MA
    50.0 %     N/A     $ 1,292     $ 1,681  
Hiren Boston, LLC
 
Courtyard by Marriott,  South Boston, MA
    50.0 %     N/A       4,964       5,035  
Mystic Partners, LLC
 
Hilton and Marriott branded   hotels in CT and RI
    8.8%-66.7 %  
8.5%
non-cumulative
      9,751       23,762  
Inn American Hospitality at Ewing, LLC
 
Courtyard by Marriott,  Ewing, NJ
    50.0 %  
11.0% cumulative
      -       -  
Metro 29th Street  Associates, LLC
 
Holiday Inn Express, New York, NY
    50.0 %     N/A       -       8,361  
                        $ 16,007     $ 38,839  

On February 1, 2013, the Company closed on the sale of one of the unconsolidated joint venture properties owned in part by Mystic Partners, LLC.  As our investment in this unconsolidated joint venture equated the net proceeds distributed to us, we will not record a gain or loss in connection with the sale of this hotel.

As noted in “Note 2 – Investment in Hotel Properties,” on August 13, 2012, the Company purchased the remaining 50% ownership interest in Inn America Hospitality at Ewing, the lessee of the Courtyard by Marriot, Ewing, NJ.  As such, we ceased to account for our investment in Inn America Hospitality at Ewing under the equity method of accounting as of August 10, 2012 because it became a consolidated subsidiary.  Our interest in Inn America Hospitality at Ewing, which consisted of our investment in Inn America Hospitality at Ewing and a receivable, was remeasured and as a result based on the appraised value of the hotel, we recorded a loss of approximately $1,668 during the twelve months ended December 31, 2012.

As noted in “Note 2 – Investment in Hotel Properties,” on June 18, 2012, the Company purchased the remaining 50% ownership interest in Metro 29th, the lessee of the Holiday Inn Express, Manhattan, New York, NY. As such, we ceased to account for our investment in Metro 29th under the equity method of accounting as of June 18, 2012 because it became a consolidated subsidiary.  Our interest in Metro 29th was remeasured, and as a result, we recorded a loss of approximately $224.
 
Fair value for our previously held investments in Inn America Hospitality at Ewing and Metro 29th was determined through the use of an income approach and was measured using Level 3 inputs.  The income approach estimates an income stream for a hotel property (typically 5 years) and discounts this income plus a reversion (presumed sale) into a present value at a risk adjusted rate. RevPAR growth assumptions utilized in this approach are derived from market transactions as well as other financial and industry data. The terminal cap rate and discount rate are significant inputs to this valuation. The fair value measurements determined during the year included RevPAR growth assumptions ranging between 3% and 8%, terminal cap rates ranging between 8.5% and 9.5%, and discount rates of 10.5%. Changes in these inputs could result in a significant change in the valuation of our original joint venture investments and a change in the loss from remeasurement of investment in unconsolidated joint venture recognized during the period.
 
On August 15, 2011, the Company entered into two purchase and sale agreements to dispose of a portfolio of 18 non-core hotel properties, four of which are owned in part by the Company through an unconsolidated joint venture.  As a result of entering into these purchase and sale agreements, during the twelve months ended December 31, 2011, we recorded an impairment loss of approximately $1,677 for those hotel properties for which our investment in the unconsolidated joint venture did not exceed the net proceeds distributable to us on the sale of the hotel properties held by the joint venture based on the purchase price. On February 23, 2012, the Company closed on the sale of 14 of these non-core hotel properties, including three of the unconsolidated joint venture hotel properties.  On May 8, 2012, the Company closed on the remaining four non-core hotel properties, including one of the unconsolidated joint venture hotel properties.  As our investment in these unconsolidated joint ventures equated the net proceeds distributed to us, we did not record a gain or loss in connection with the sale of these hotel properties.  See “Note 12 – Discontinued Operations” for more information.

Income or loss from our unconsolidated joint ventures is allocated to us and our joint venture partners consistent with the allocation of cash distributions in accordance with the joint venture agreements. Any difference between the carrying amount of these investments and the underlying equity in net assets is amortized over the expected useful lives of the properties and other intangible assets.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 3 – INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURES (continued)

Income (loss) recognized during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, for our Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures is as follows:

   
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
SB Partners, LLC
  $ 85     $ (171 )   $ (83 )
Hiren Boston, LLC
    230       158       -  
Mystic Partners, LLC
    (433 )     (364 )     (1,650 )
Inn American Hospitality at Ewing, LLC
    -       (28 )     (331 )
Metro 29th Street Associates, LLC
    (114 )     615       313  
      (232 )     210       (1,751 )
Impairment from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
    -       (1,677 )     -  
(Loss) Gain from Remeasurement of Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture
    (1,892 )     2,757       4,008  
                         
(Loss) Income from Unconsolidated Joint Venture Investments
  $ (2,124 )   $ 1,290     $ 2,257  

On June 20, 2011, Hiren Boston, LLC refinanced its debt with a third party institutional lender and, as a result, our mortgage interest in the property was terminated and the outstanding principal balance of $13,750 was repaid to us in full.  We have determined that we were no longer the primary beneficiary of Hiren Boston, LLC and it is no longer a consolidated subsidiary of the Company and we have begun to account for our investment in Hiren Boston, LLC under the equity method of accounting.  Our interest in Hiren Boston, LLC has been remeasured and, as a result, we have recorded a gain of approximately $2,757 for the twelve months ended December 31, 2011.  The fair value of our interest in Hiren Boston, LLC was based on a third party appraisal, which utilized the market approach.

On April 13, 2010, we purchased a mortgage loan secured by the Courtyard by Marriott, South Boston, MA from Hiren Boston, LLC’s lender for a purchase price of $13,750.  As a result of the purchase of this mortgage loan, we determined that we were the primary beneficiary of Hiren Boston, LLC and, as such, we ceased to account for our investment in Hiren Boston, LLC under the equity method of accounting and began accounting for Hiren Boston, LLC as a consolidated subsidiary.  Our interest in Hiren Boston, LLC was remeasured, and as a result, during the twelve months ended December 31, 2010 we recorded a gain of approximately $2,190.

On January 1, 2010, we acquired our joint venture partner’s 52.0% membership interest in PRA Glastonbury, LLC, the owner of the Hilton Garden Inn, Glastonbury, CT, and this hotel became one of our wholly-owned hotels. Due to the increase in our ownership interest in PRA Glastonbury, LLC, the value of our existing 48.0% interest was remeasured resulting in a $1,818 gain which was recorded upon our acquisition of the remaining interests in the Hilton Garden Inn, Glastonbury, CT.

The Mystic Partners, LLC joint venture agreement provides for an 8.5% non-cumulative preferred return based on our contributed equity interest in the venture. Cash distributions will be made from cash available for distribution, first, to us to provide an 8.5% annual non-compounded return on our unreturned capital contributions and then to our joint venture partner to provide an 8.5% annual non-compounded return of their unreturned contributions. Any remaining cash available for distribution will be distributed to us 10.5% with respect to the net cash flow from the Hartford Marriott, 7.0% with respect to the Hartford Hilton and 56.7%, with respect to the remaining three properties. Mystic Partners, LLC allocates income to us and our joint venture partner consistent with the allocation of cash distributions in accordance with the joint venture agreements.

Each of the Mystic Partners, LLC hotel properties, except the Hartford Hilton, is under an Asset Management Agreement with 44 New England to provide asset management services. Fees for these services are paid monthly to 44 New England and recognized as income in the amount of 1% of operating revenues, except for the Hartford Marriott which is 0.25% of operating revenues.

The Company and our joint venture partner in Mystic Partners, LLC jointly and severally guarantee the performance of the terms of a loan to Adriaen’s Landing Hotel, LLC, owner of the Hartford Marriott, in the amount of $50,000, and 315 Trumbull Street Associates, LLC, owner of the Hartford Hilton, in the amount of $27,000, if at any time during the term of the note and during such time as the net worth of Mystic Partners falls below the amount of the guarantee.  We have determined that the probability of incurring loss under this guarantee is remote and the value attributed to the guarantee is de minimis.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 3 – INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED JOINT VENTURES (continued)

The following tables set forth the total assets, liabilities, equity and components of net income, including the Company’s share, related to the unconsolidated joint ventures discussed above as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010.

Balance Sheets
           
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
 
Assets
           
Investment in hotel properties, net
  $ 118,506     $ 140,550  
Other Assets
    20,709       33,142  
Assets Held For Sale
    5,875       19,308  
Total Assets
  $ 145,090     $ 193,000  
                 
Liabilities and Equity
               
Mortgages and notes payable
  $ 119,236     $ 139,032  
Other liabilities
    36,292       40,583  
Liabilities Related to Assets Held For Sale
    6,071       31,219  
Equity:
               
Hersha Hospitality Trust
    28,581       43,140  
Joint Venture Partner(s)
    (45,090 )     (60,974 )
Total Equity
    (16,509 )     (17,834 )
                 
Total Liabilities and Equity
  $ 145,090     $ 193,000  
                       
Statements of Operations
                     
   
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
 
      2012       2011       2010  
Room Revenue
  $ 64,044     $ 67,303     $ 59,707  
Other Revenue
    22,527       22,309       20,623  
Operating Expenses
    (58,617 )     (59,048 )     (54,474 )
Interest Expense
    (8,082 )     (8,023 )     (9,540 )
Lease Expense
    (3,729 )     (5,505 )     (5,363 )
Property Taxes and Insurance
    (3,638 )     (4,681 )     (5,892 )
General and Administrative
    (5,932 )     (5,736 )     (5,950 )
Depreciation and Amortization
    (7,018 )     (6,828 )     (8,743 )
Loss Allocated to Noncontrolling Interests
    (2,614 )     (44 )     608  
                         
Net loss From Continuing Operations
    (3,059 )     (253 )     (9,024 )
Income from Discontinued Operations
    545       2,175       1,127  
Gain on Disposition of Hotel Properties
    25,131       -       -  
                         
Net Income (Loss)
  $ 22,617     $ 1,922     $ (7,897 )

The following table is a reconciliation of the Company’s share in the unconsolidated joint ventures’ equity to the Company’s investment in the unconsolidated joint ventures as presented on the Company’s balance sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011.

   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
 
Company's share of equity recorded on the joint ventures' financial statements
  $ 28,581     $ 43,140  
Adjustment to reconcile the Company's share of equity recorded on the joint ventures' financial statements to our investment in unconsoldiated joint ventures(1)
    (12,574 )     (4,301 )
Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
  $ 16,007     $ 38,839  

(1)  Adjustment to reconcile the Company's share of equity recorded on the joint ventures' financial statements to our investment in unconsolidated joint ventures consists of the following:

 
cumulative impairment of our investment in joint ventures not reflected on the joint ventures' financial statements,
 
our basis in the investment in joint ventures not recorded on the joint ventures' financial statements, and
 
accumulated amortization of our equity in joint ventures that reflects our portion of the excess of the fair value of joint ventures' assets on the date of our investment over the carrying value of the assets recorded on the joint ventures financial statements.  This excess investment is amortized over the life of the properties, and the amortization is included in Income (Loss) from Unconsolidated Joint Venture Investments on our consolidated statement of operations.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 4 – DEVELOPMENT LOANS RECEIVABLE
 
Development Loans

Historically, we provided first mortgage and mezzanine loans to hotel developers, including entities in which certain of our executive officers and non-independent trustees own an interest that enabled such entities to construct hotels and conduct related improvements on specific hotel projects at interest rates ranging from 9% to 11%.  These loans were initially originated as part of our acquisition strategy.  During the year ended December 31, 2012, no such loans were originated by us.  Interest income from development loans was $1,998, $3,427 and $4,686 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.   Accrued interest on our development loans receivable was $348 as of December 31, 2012 and $3,096 as of December 31, 2011.  Accrued interest on our development loans receivable as of December 31, 2012 does not include cumulative interest income of $8,425 which has been accrued and paid in kind by adding it to the principal balance of certain loans as indicated in the table below.

As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, our development loans receivable consisted of the following:

Hotel Property
 
Borrower
 
Principal Outstanding December 31, 2012
     
Principal Outstanding December 31, 2011
   
Interest
Rate
     
Maturity Date (1)
 
Operational Hotels
                               
Hyatt 48Lex - New York, NY
 
44 Lexington Holding, LLC
  $ 15,122   (3) (4)   $ 14,444       9 % (2)   December 31, 2014 *
Renaissance by Marriott - Woodbridge, NJ
 
Hersha Woodbridge Associates, LLC
    -         5,000       9 % (2)     N/A *
Element Hotel - Ewing, NJ
 
American Properties @ Scotch Road, LLC
    -         2,000       11 %       N/A *
Hilton Garden Inn - Dover, DE
 
44 Aasha Hospitality Associates, LLC
    -         1,000       10 %       N/A *
                                         
Construction Hotels
                                       
Hyatt Union Square - New York, NY
 
Risingsam Union Square, LLC
    13,303   (3)     13,303       10 %       N/A  
                                         
Total Development Loans Receivable
 
 
  $ 28,425       $ 35,747                    
 
*
Indicates borrower is a related party

(1)
Represents current maturity date in effect. Agreements for our development loans receivable typically allow for multiple one-year extensions which can be exercised by the borrower if the loan is not in default.  As these loans typically finance hotel development projects, it is common for the borrower to exercise their options to extend the loans, in whole or in part, until the project has been completed and the project provides cash flow to the developer or is refinanced by the developer.
(2)
Effective June 1, 2012, we amended the interest rates on the development loans for Hersha Woodbridge Associates, LLC, and 44 Lexington Holding LLC from 11% to 9%.
(3)
Prior to June 1, 2012, the following development loans allowed the borrower to elect, quarterly, to pay accrued interest in-kind by adding the accrued interest to the principal balance of the loan.  Effective June 1, 2012, we amended the development loan with 44 Lexington Holding LLC to cease the buyer’s election to pay accrued interest in-kind.

   
Interest Income
Year Ended December 31,
     
Cumulative interest
 
Borrower
 
2012
   
2011
   
2010
   
Income
Paid In Kind
 
44 Lexington Holding, LLC
  $ 678     $ 1,505     $ 1,348     $ 5,122  
Risingsam Union Square, LLC
    -       589       1,211       3,303  
                                 
Total
  $ 678     $ 2,094     $ 2,559     $ 8,425  
 
(4)
Subsequent to December 31, 2012, we received payments of principal and accrued interest on the development loan with 44 Lexington Holding, LLC in the amount of $13,143, leaving the development loan with a principal balance of $1,979 as of February 1, 2013.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 4 – DEVELOPMENT LOANS RECEIVABLE (continued)
 
On June 14, 2011, we entered into a purchase and sale agreement to acquire the Hyatt Union Square hotel in New York, NY for total consideration of $104,303.  The consideration to the seller will consist of $36,000 to be paid to the seller in cash, the cancellation by the Company of a $10,000 development loan, and $3,303 of accrued interest on the loan and the assumption by the Company of two mortgage loans secured by the hotel in the original aggregate principal amount of $55,000. In accordance with terms of the purchase and sale agreement, we have ceased accruing interest on this $10,000 development loan as of June 14, 2011.

Advances and repayments on our development loans receivable consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010:

   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Balance at January 1,
  $ 35,747     $ 41,653     $ 46,094  
Interest added to principal
    678       2,094       2,559  
Repayments
    (8,000 )     -       -  
Principal exchanged for interest in hotel properties
    -       (8,000 )     (7,000 )
Balance at December 31,
  $ 28,425     $ 35,747     $ 41,653  

 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 5 – OTHER ASSETS AND DEPOSITS ON HOTEL ACQUISITIONS (continued)
 
Other Assets
 
Other Assets consisted of the following at December 31, 2012 and 2011:

   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
             
Transaction Costs
  $ 3,506     $ 1,703  
Investment in Statutory Trusts
    1,548       1,548  
Prepaid Expenses
    8,654       7,683  
Interest Receivable from Development Loans to Non-Related Parties
    -       1,238  
Hotel Purchase Option
    -       933  
Insurance Claims Receivable
    3,836       -  
Deferred Tax Asset
    3,355       -  
Other
    4,615       1,886  
    $ 25,514     $ 14,991  

Transaction Costs - Transaction costs include legal fees and other third party transaction costs incurred relative to entering into debt facilities, issuances of equity securities, and other costs which are recorded in other assets prior to the closing of the respective transactions.

Investment in Statutory Trusts - We have an investment in the common stock of Hersha Statutory Trust I and Hersha Statutory Trust II. Our investment is accounted for under the equity method.

Prepaid Expenses - Prepaid expenses include amounts paid for property tax, insurance and other expenditures that will be expensed in the next twelve months.

Interest Receivable from Development Loans to Non-Related Parties– Interest receivable from development loans to non-related parties represents interest income receivable from loans extended to non-related parties that are used to enable such entities to construct hotels and conduct related improvements on specific hotel projects.  As noted in “Note 2 – Investment in Hotel Properties,” our acquisition of the remaining 50% interest in Metro 29th on June 18, 2012, included the forgiveness of approximately $800 of accrued interest payable under a mezzanine loan made by the Company an affiliate of the seller. This excludes interest receivable from development loans extended to related parties in the amounts of $348 and $1,859 as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, which is included in due from related parties on the consolidated balance sheets.

Hotel Purchase Option – As of December 31, 2011, we had an option to acquire a 49% interest in the entity that owns the Holiday Inn Express, New York, NY.  As noted in “Note 2 – Investment in Hotel Properties,” we acquired the remaining 50% interest in Metro 29th, the lessee of the Holiday Inn Express, New York, NY on June 18, 2012.  The original option was canceled as a result.

Insurance Claims Receivable – as noted in “Note 2 – Investment in Hotel Properties,” we recorded an insurance claim receivable due to the property damage occurred at several of our hotel properties as a result of Hurricane Sandy in October 2012.

Deferred Tax Asset - We have approximately $3,355 of net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2012. We have considered various factors, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future projected taxable income and tax planning strategies in determining a valuation allowance for our deferred tax assets, and we believe that it is more likely than not that we will be able to realize the $3,355 of net deferred tax assets in the future.  See “Note 14 – Income Taxes” for more information.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 5 – OTHER ASSETS AND DEPOSITS ON HOTEL ACQUISITIONS

Deposits on Hotel Acquisitions

As of December 31, 2012, we had $21,000 in non-interest bearing deposits on the future acquisition of the Hyatt Union Square, New York, NY.   Please see “Note 4 – Development Loans Receivable” for more information on the Union Square deposits. As of December 31, 2012, we had $15,000 in interest bearing deposits related to the future acquisition of Hilton Garden Inn -52nd Street, New York, NY and $1,750 in interest bearing deposits related to the potential acquisition of another hotel property.  On October 24, 2012, we entered into an agreement for the future acquisition of the Hilton Garden Inn – 52nd Street, New York, NY.  See below for more information on this agreement.  As of December 31, 2011, we had $19,500 in non-interest bearing deposits related to the acquisition of hotel properties, of which $19,000 is related to the deposit on Hyatt Union Square, New York, NY.

On October 24, 2012, we entered into a purchase and sale agreement to acquire the Hilton Garden Inn – 52nd Street in New York, NY for total consideration of $74,000.  As of December 31, 2012 we had provided $15,000 to the seller as a deposit earning 10% per annum and we may fund an additional $2,000 deposit earning 10% per annum, subsequent to December 31, 2012.  The total consideration to the seller will consist of this $17,000 interest bearing deposit, an additional $15,000 cash to be paid to the seller upon closing and the assumption of a mortgage loan secured by the hotel in the aggregate principal amount of $42,000.  The transaction is expected to close shortly after the developer completes the hotel’s construction, which is anticipated for the fourth quarter of 2013.  While this purchase and sale agreement secures the Company’s right to acquire the completed hotel, the Company is not assuming any significant construction risk, including the risk of schedule and cost overruns.
 
  
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 6 - DEBT

Mortgages and Notes Payable

We had total mortgages payable at December 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 of $641,160 and $717,367 (including $61,758 in outstanding mortgage indebtedness related to assets held for sale), respectively.  These balances consisted of mortgages with fixed and variable interest rates, which ranged from 3.19% to 8.25% as of December 31, 2012.  Included in these balances are net premiums of $3,245 and $667 as of December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, which are amortized over the remaining life of the loans. Aggregate interest expense incurred under the mortgage loans payable totaled $38,343, $39,786, and $37,600 during 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

Our mortgage indebtedness contains various financial and non-financial covenants customarily found in secured, non-recourse financing arrangements.  Our mortgage loans payable typically require that specified debt service coverage ratios be maintained with respect to the financed properties before we can exercise certain rights under the loan agreements relating to such properties.  If the specified criteria are not satisfied, the lender may be able to escrow cash flow generated by the property securing the applicable mortgage loan. We have determined that certain debt service coverage ratio covenants contained in the loan agreements securing 6 of our hotel properties were not met as of December 31, 2012.  Pursuant to these loan agreements, the lender has elected to escrow the operating cash flow for a number of these properties.   However, these covenants do not constitute an event of default for these loans. As of December 31, 2012, we were in compliance with all events of default covenants under the applicable loan agreements.  As noted in “Note 12 – Discontinued Operations,” the Comfort Inn, North Dartmouth, MA, ceased operations on March 31, 2011.  Effective March 30, 2012, we transferred title to the property to the lender.  At the time of transfer, the remaining principal and accrued interest due on the mortgage loan payable related to this asset were $2,940 and $166, respectively.

As of December 31, 2012, the maturity dates for the outstanding mortgage loans ranged from August 2013 to February 2018.

Subordinated Notes Payable

We have two junior subordinated notes payable in the aggregate amount of $51,548 to the Hersha Statutory Trusts pursuant to indenture agreements which will mature on July 30, 2035, but may be redeemed at our option, in whole or in part, prior to maturity in accordance with the provisions of the indenture agreement.  Effective July 30, 2010, the $25,774 notes issued to Hersha Statutory Trust I and Hersha Statutory Trust II, bear interest at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 3% per annum.  This rate resets two business days prior to each quarterly payment.  Prior to this, the $25,774 note issued to Hersha Statutory Trust I incurred interest at a fixed rate of 7.34% per annum through July 30, 2010, and the $25,774 note issued to Hersha Statutory Trust II incurred interest at a fixed rate of 7.173% per annum through July 30, 2010.  The weighted average interest rate on our two junior subordinated notes payable during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 was 3.51%, 3.35%, and 5.69%, respectively.  Interest expense in the amount of $1,810, $1,727, and $2,934 was recorded for the years ended 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

Aggregate annual principal payments for the Company’s credit facility and mortgages and notes payable for the five years following December 31, 2012 and thereafter are as follows:

Year Ending December 31,
 
Amount
 
       
2013
    16,486  
2014
    32,139  
2015
    236,361  
2016
    282,291  
2017
    156,864  
Thereafter
    65,322  
Net Unamortized Discount
    3,245  
    $ 792,708  

 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 6 – DEBT (continued)

Credit Facilities

On November 5, 2012, we entered into a senior unsecured credit agreement with Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and various other lenders.  The credit facility provides for a $400,000 senior unsecured credit facility consisting of a $250,000 senior unsecured revolving line of credit, and a $150,000 senior unsecured term loan.  Our previous $250,000 secured credit facility was terminated and replaced by the $400,000 unsecured credit facility, and, as a result, all amounts outstanding under our $250,000 secured credit facility were repaid with borrowings from our $400,000 unsecured credit facility.  The $400,000 unsecured credit facility expires on November 5, 2015, and, provided no event of default has occurred and remains uncured, we may request that the lenders renew the credit facility for two additional one-year periods.  The credit facility is also expandable to $550,000 at our request, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions.

The amount that we can borrow at any given time on our credit facility is governed by certain operating metrics of designated unencumbered hotel properties known as borrowing base assets.  As of December 31, 2012, the following hotel properties were borrowing base assets:

- Holiday Inn Express, Hershey, PA
- Holiday Inn Express, Camp Springs, MD
- Hampton Inn, Hershey, PA
- Hampton Inn, Smithfield, RI
- Residence Inn, Framingham, MA
- Hampton Inn, West Haven, CT
- Holiday Inn Express, Cambridge, MA
- Hampton Inn, Times Square, NY
- Residence Inn, Norwood, MA
- Candlewood Suites, Times Square, NY
- Residence Inn, Langhorne, PA
- Hyatt Place, King of Prussia, PA
- Residence Inn, Carlisle, PA
- Holiday Inn, Wall Street, NY
- Sheraton Hotel, JFK Airport, New York, NY
- Hampton Inn, Washington, DC
- Hampton Inn, Philadelphia, PA
- Rittenhouse Hotel, Philadelphia, PA
- Nu Hotel, Brooklyn, NY
- Bulfinch Hotel, Boston, MA
- Towneplace Suites, Harrisburg, PA
- Sheraton, Wilmington South, DE

The interest rate for the new credit facility will be based on a pricing grid with a range of one month U.S. LIBOR plus 1.75% to 2.65%.  As of December 31, 2012, we borrowed $100,000 in unsecured term loans under the new credit facility, and concurrently entered into interest rate swaps which effectively fix the interest rate on these term loans to 3.19%.  See “Footnote 8 – Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments” for more information.

The credit agreement providing for the $400,000 revolving credit facility includes certain financial covenants and requires that we maintain: (1) a minimum tangible net worth of $1,000,000, which is subject to increases under certain circumstances;  (2) annual distributions not to exceed 95% of adjusted funds from operations; and (3) certain financial ratios, including the following:

 
·
a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.40 to 1.00, which increases to 1.45 to 1.00 as of July 1, 2013 and further increase to 1.50 to 1.00 as of January 1, 2014;
 
·
a maximum leverage ratio of not more than 0.60 to 1.00; and
 
·
a maximum secured debt leverage ratio of 0.55 to 1.00, which decreases to 0.50 to 1.00 as of October 1, 2013 and further decreases 0.45 to 1.00 as of October 1, 2014.

The Company is in compliance with each of the covenants listed above as of December 31, 2012.  As of December 31, 2012 our remaining borrowing capacity under the new credit facility was $236,478, based on our current borrowing base assets.

As of December 31, 2012, the outstanding unsecured term loan balance under the $400,000 credit facility was $100,000 and the revolving line of credit balance was $0.  As of December 31, 2011, the outstanding principal balance under the previous $250,000 revolving credit facility was $51,000.  On January 3, 2013, we funded the remaining $50,000 tranche of the unsecured term loan portion of our credit facility.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 6 – DEBT (continued)

The Company recorded interest expense of $2,405, $2,103, and $2,737 related to borrowings drawn on each of the aforementioned credit facilities, for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. The weighted average interest rate on our credit facilities during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 was 4.57%, 4.43%, and 4.29%, respectively, excluding the unsecured term loan.  For the period of November 5, 2012 to December 31, 2012, the weighted average interest rate on our new credit facility was 3.19%.

On November 5, 2010, we entered into a Revolving Credit Loan and Security Agreement with T.D. Bank, NA and various other lenders, which provided for a senior secured revolving credit facility in the principal amount of up to $250,000, including a sub-limit of $25,000 for irrevocable stand-by letters of credit and a $10,000 sub-limit for the swing line loans.  The $250,000 revolving credit facility was collateralized by a first lien-security interest in all existing and future unencumbered assets of HHLP, a collateral assignment of all hotel management contracts of the management companies in the event of default, and title-insured, first-lien mortgages on several hotel properties.

Prior to November 5, 2010, we maintained a Revolving Credit Loan and Security Agreement with T.D. Bank, NA and various other lenders, which provided for a revolving line of credit in the principal amount of up to $175,000, including a sub-limit of $25,000 for irrevocable stand-by letters of credit. The bank group had committed $135,000, and the credit agreement was structured to allow for an increase of an additional $40,000 under the line of credit, provided that additional collateral was supplied and additional lenders joined the bank group.

Capitalized Interest

We utilize mortgage debt and our $400,000 revolving credit facility to finance on-going capital improvement projects at our hotels.  Interest incurred on mortgages and the revolving credit facility that relates to our capital improvement projects is capitalized through the date when the assets are placed in service.  For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, we capitalized $1,542, $1,372 and $46, respectively, of interest expense related to these projects.

Deferred Financing Costs

Costs associated with entering into mortgages and notes payable and our revolving line of credit are deferred and amortized over the life of the debt instruments.  Amortization of deferred financing costs is recorded in interest expense.  As of December 31, 2012, deferred costs were $8,695, net of accumulated amortization of $4,841.  Amortization of deferred costs for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 was $2,991, $3,535 and $2,381 respectively.

New Debt/Refinance

On January 31, 2012, we repaid outstanding mortgage debt with an original principal balance of $32,500 secured by the Capitol Hill Suites, Washington, D.C., incurring a loss on debt extinguishment of approximately $7, and simultaneously entered into a new mortgage obligation of $27,500.  The new mortgage debt bears interest at a variable rate of one month U.S. dollar LIBOR plus 3.25% and matures on February 1, 2015.  On the same date, we entered into an interest rate swap that effectively fixes the interest at 3.79% per annum.

On May 9, 2012, we repaid outstanding mortgage debt with a principal balance of $29,730 secured by the Courtyard by Marriott, Miami, FL.  On July 2, 2012, we entered into a new mortgage with an initial obligation of $45,000, with three additional draws of $5,000 every 90 days to fund the construction of the new oceanfront tower as described in “Note 2 – Investment in Hotel Properties”.  The new mortgage debt bears interest at a variable rate of one month U.S. LIBOR plus 3.50% and matures on July 1, 2016.  Also on July 2, 2012, we entered into an interest rate swap that effectively fixes the interest at 4.32% per annum.

On May 23, 2012, we repaid outstanding mortgage debt with an original principal balance of $22,000 secured by the Hotel 373, Fifth Avenue, NY, and on May 24, 2012 entered into a new mortgage obligation of $19,000, incurring a loss on debt extinguishment of approximately $66.  The new mortgage debt bears interest at a variable rate of one month U.S. dollar LIBOR plus 3.85% and matures on June 1, 2017.  In conjunction with this refinancing, we entered into an interest rate cap that matures on June 1, 2015 that effectively fixes the interest when LIBOR exceeds 5.85% per annum.
 

HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 6 – DEBT (continued)
 
As a result of our acquisition of the remaining 50% ownership interest in Metro 29th on June 18, 2012, first mortgage debt with a principal balance of $54,602 secured by the Holiday Inn Express, New York, NY is included on our consolidated balance sheet.  This debt bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.50% and matures on November 5, 2016.  In addition, we consolidated mezzanine debt with a principal balance of $15,000.  We repaid this mezzanine debt on June 29, 2012 and incurred a loss on debt extinguishment of approximately $176.

On August 10, 2012, as a result of our acquisition of the remaining 50% ownership interest in Inn America Hospitality at Ewing, we repaid outstanding mortgage debt with a principal balance of $12,875 secured by the Courtyard by Marriot, Ewing, NJ, and incurred a loss on debt extinguishment of approximately $69.  On August 13, we entered into a $9,150 revolving line of credit secured by the property.  The new revolving line of credit bears interest at a variable rate of one month LIBOR plus 3.50% with a floor of 4.25% and matures on August 13, 2014.  As of December 31, 2012, we had no debt outstanding under this line of credit.

On September 29, 2011, we entered into a $30,000 mortgage loan secured by our Courtyard by Marriott, Westside, Los Angeles, CA, property.   Previously, this property was included as collateral on our revolving credit facility.  The new mortgage loan bears interest at a variable rate of one month U.S. dollar LIBOR plus 3.85% with a floor of 0.75% and matures on September 29, 2015.  As a result of this new debt, we capitalized $404 in deferred financing costs.  On the same date, we entered into an interest rate swap that effectively fixes the interest at 4.947%.  See “Note 8 – Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments” for more information.

Also, on September 29, 2011, we refinanced the $11,913 mortgage loan secured by a land parcel located on Eighth Avenue, New York, NY.  The new mortgage loan bears interest at a variable rate of Wall Street Journal Prime Rate plus 1.0%, at no time less than 6.0% or more than 16.0% and matures on July 1, 2013.  As a result of this refinancing, we capitalized $152 in deferred financing costs.  As noted in “Note  12 – Discontinued Operations,” this land parcel was disposed of in April 2012 and as such the mortgage associated with this land parcel was paid off in its entirety.

Debt Payoffs

As previously mentioned, we replaced our previous $250,000 secured credit facility with a new $400,000 unsecured credit facility with Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and various other lenders on November 5, 2012.  Concurrently with this closing, we funded $100,000 in unsecured term loan borrowings.  These borrowings were used to pay off in full the balance on seven mortgage loans on hotel properties.  As a result of terminating our previous $250,000 secured credit facility and extinguishing the debt on these seven properties, we expensed $2,476 in unamortized deferred financing costs and fees, which are included in the Loss of Debt Extinguishment caption on the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012.  On January 3, 2013, we funded an additional $50,000 in unsecured term loan borrowings under our $400,000 unsecured credit facility which were used to payoff the balance of the mortgage loan secured by the Holiday Inn Express, Times Square, New York, NY.  This mortgage was also subject to an interest rate swap, which was derecognized as a cash flow hedge as of December 31, 2012 due to this payoff.  See “Footnote 8 – Fair Value Measurements and Derivative Instruments” for more information.

During 2010, we repaid seven mortgages and two notes payable.  In addition, we replaced our previous $175,000 secured credit facility with a $250,000 secured credit facility with T.D. Bank, NA and various other lenders.  As a result of these extinguishments, we expensed $932 in unamortized deferred financing costs and fees, which are included in the Loss on Debt Extinguishment caption on the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010.
 

HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 7 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
 
Management Agreements

Our wholly-owned taxable REIT subsidiary ("TRS"), 44 New England, engages eligible independent contractors in accordance with the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Federal income tax laws, including HHMLP, as the property managers for hotels it leases from us pursuant to management agreements. HHMLP is owned, in part, by certain executives and trustees of the Company. Our management agreements with HHMLP provide for five-year terms and are subject to early termination upon the occurrence of defaults and certain other events described therein. As required under the REIT qualification rules, HHMLP must qualify as an “eligible independent contractor” during the term of the management agreements. Under the management agreements, HHMLP generally pays the operating expenses of our hotels. All operating expenses or other expenses incurred by HHMLP in performing its authorized duties are reimbursed or borne by our TRS to the extent the operating expenses or other expenses are incurred within the limits of the applicable approved hotel operating budget. HHMLP is not obligated to advance any of its own funds for operating expenses of a hotel or to incur any liability in connection with operating a hotel.  Management agreements with other unaffiliated hotel management companies have similar terms.

For its services, HHMLP receives a base management fee and, if a hotel exceeds certain thresholds, an incentive management fee. The base management fee for a hotel is due monthly and is equal to 3% of gross revenues associated with each hotel managed for the related month. The incentive management fee, if any, for a hotel is due annually in arrears on the ninetieth day following the end of each fiscal year and is based upon the financial performance of the hotels.  For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, base management fees incurred totaled $10,781, $9,190 and $7,099, respectively and are recorded as Hotel Operating Expenses.  For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, we did not incur incentive management fees.

On December 3, 2010, we terminated the management agreement held with Marriott International Inc. for the management services they provided for the Courtyard by Marriott, Alexandria, VA. In connection with this termination, we paid $250 in termination fees. Effective December 4, 2010, this hotel is now managed by HHMLP.   Also, between December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011, we terminated the management agreement held with Lodgeworks, L.P. for the management services they provided for seven Hyatt Summerfield Suites properties.  In connection with this termination, we repaid $498 as repayment of the interest free loan due to Lodgeworks, L.P. as a result of our acquisition of the Hyatt Summerfield Suites portfolio.

Franchise Agreements

Our branded hotel properties are operated under franchise agreements assumed by the hotel property lessee. The franchise agreements have 10 to 20 year terms, but may be terminated by either the franchisee or franchisor on certain anniversary dates specified in the agreements. The franchise agreements require annual payments for franchise royalties, reservation, and advertising services, and such payments are based upon percentages of gross room revenue. These payments are paid by the hotels and charged to expense as incurred.  Franchise fee expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $24,278, $22,729 and $18,560 respectively, and are recorded in Hotel Operating Expenses.  The initial fees incurred to enter into the franchise agreements are amortized over the life of the franchise agreements.

Accounting and Information Technology Fees

Each of the wholly-owned hotels and consolidated joint venture hotel properties managed by HHMLP incurs a monthly accounting and information technology fee.  Monthly fees for accounting services are between $2 and $3 per property and monthly information technology fees range from $1 to $2 per property.  For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Company incurred accounting fees of $1,741, $1,822 and $1,537, respectively.  For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, the Company incurred information technology fees of $509, $460 and $347, respectively. Accounting fees and information technology fees are included in Hotel Operating Expenses.

Capital Expenditure Fees

HHMLP charges a 5% fee on all capital expenditures and pending renovation projects at the properties as compensation for procurement services related to capital expenditures and for project management of renovation projects.  For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, we incurred fees of $1,076, $1,208 and $257, respectively, which were capitalized with the cost of fixed asset additions.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 7 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued)
 
Acquisitions from Affiliates

We have entered into an option agreement with each of our officers and certain trustees such that we obtain a right of first refusal to purchase any hotel owned or developed in the future by these individuals or entities controlled by them at fair market value. This right of first refusal would apply to each party until one year after such party ceases to be an officer or trustee of the Company. Our Acquisition Committee of the Board of Trustees is comprised solely of independent trustees, and the purchase prices and all material terms of the purchase of hotels from related parties are approved by the Acquisition Committee.

Hotel Supplies

For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, we incurred charges for hotel supplies of $149, $143 and $156, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, we incurred charges for capital expenditure purchases of $11,809, $18,404 and $6,755, respectively.  These purchases were made from Hersha Purchasing and Design, a hotel supply company owned, in part, by certain executives and trustees of the Company. Hotel supplies are expenses included in Hotel Operating Expenses on our consolidated statements of operations, and capital expenditure purchases are included in investment in hotel properties on our consolidated balance sheets. Approximately $5 and $26 is included in accounts payable at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Due From Related Parties

The due from related parties balance as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $8,488 and $6,189, respectively. The balances primarily consisted of accrued interest due on our development loans, working capital deposits made to HHMLP, and the remaining due from related party balances are receivables owed from our unconsolidated joint ventures.

Due to Related Parties

The balance due to related parties as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $4,403 and $2,932, respectively. The balances consisted of amounts payable to HHMLP for administrative, management, and benefit related fees.

Hotel Ground Rent

For the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, we incurred $835, $877 and $941, respectively, of rent expense payable pursuant to ground leases related to certain hotel properties.

Future minimum lease payments (without reflecting future applicable Consumer Price Index increases) under these agreements are as follows:
 
Year Ending December 31,
 
Amount
 
       
2013
  $ 730  
2014
    735  
2015
    735  
2016
    735  
2017
    735  
Thereafter
    61,665  
    $ 65,335  

Litigation

We are not presently subject to any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any other litigation threatened against us, other than routine actions for negligence or other claims and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are expected to be covered by liability insurance and all of which collectively are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations or business or financial condition.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
 
Fair Value Measurements

Our determination of fair value measurements are based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, we utilize a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy).

Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liabilities, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

As of December 31, 2012, the Company’s derivative instruments represented the only financial instruments measured at fair value.  Currently, the Company uses derivative instruments, such as interest rate swaps and caps, to manage its interest rate risk.   The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs.

We incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements.  In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, we have considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts and guarantees.

Although we have determined that the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and the counterparties.  However, as of December 31, 2012 we have assessed the significance of the effect of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of our derivative positions and have determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of our derivatives. As a result, we have determined that our derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Derivative Instruments
 
                 
Estimated Fair Value
 
Hedged Debt
Type
Strike Rate
Index
Effective Date
Maturity Date
 
Notional Amount
 
December 31, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
HIE Times Square, New York, NY
Swap
1.240%
1-Month LIBOR + 4.00%
May 31, 2011
June 1, 2014
  $ 39,480     (530 )   (591 )
CY LA Westside, Culver City, LA
Swap
1.097%
1-Month LIBOR + 3.85%
September 29, 2011
September 29, 2015
  $ 30,000     (559 )   (301 )
CHH, Washington, DC
Swap
0.540%
1-Month LIBOR + 3.25%
February 1, 2012
February 1, 2015
  $ 27,500     (143 )   -  
Hotel 373, New York, NY
Cap
2.000%
1-Month LIBOR + 3.85%
May 24, 2012
June 1, 2015
  $ 19,000     6     -  
CY Miami, FL
Swap
0.820%
1-Month LIBOR + 3.50%
July 2, 2012
July 1, 2016
  $ 50,000     (658 )   -  
Subordinated Notes Payable
Cap
2.000%
3-Month LIBOR
July 30, 2012
July 30, 2014
  $ 51,548     -     -  
Unsecured Term Loan
Swap
0.545%
1-Month LIBOR + 2.65%
November 5, 2012
November 5, 2016
  $ 100,000     (135 )   -  
Unsecured Term Loan
Swap
0.600%
1-Month LIBOR + 2.65%
December 18, 2012
November 5, 2016
  $ 50,000     (167 )   -  
                      (2,186 )   (892 )
 
On January 3, 2013, we funded the remaining $50,000 tranche of the $150,000 unsecured term loan portion of our $400,000 unsecured credit facility.  On December 18, 2012, we entered into a forward looking swap with an effective date of December 18, 2012.  This swap effectively fixes the interest rate on the unsecured term loan, bearing interest at one month U.S. dollar LIBOR plus 2.65%.  Under the terms of this interest rate swap, we pay fixed rate of interest of 3.25% per annum.   This swap matures on November 5, 2016.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 8 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS (continued)

Also, on January 7, 2013, the Company repaid the mortgage secured by the Holiday Inn Express Times Square in New York, NY.  Due to the timing of this transaction, the hedge relationship on our interest rate swap was derecognized as of December 31, 2012. Therefore, the accumulated other comprehensive loss on this swap as of December 31, 2012, was reclassified. We recorded $530 in Loss on Debt Extinguishment on the Statement of Operations.

The fair value of our interest rate caps is included in other assets at December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the fair value of our interest rate swaps is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities at December 31, 2012 and 2011.

The change in fair value of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges was a loss of $635, a loss of $813, and a loss of $178 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.  These unrealized losses were reflected on our consolidated balance sheet in accumulated other comprehensive Income.

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. The change in net unrealized gains/losses on cash flow hedges reflects a reclassification of $1,707 of net unrealized gains/losses from accumulated other comprehensive income as an increase to interest expense during 2012.  During 2013, the Company estimates that an additional $1,196 will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense.

Fair Value of Debt

The Company estimates the fair value of its fixed rate debt and the credit spreads over variable market rates on its variable rate debt by discounting the future cash flows of each instrument at estimated market rates or credit spreads consistent with the maturity of the debt obligation with similar credit policies. Credit spreads take into consideration general market conditions and maturity.  The inputs utilized in estimating the fair value of debt are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.  As of December 31, 2012, the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s debt was $792,708 and $814,451, respectively.  As of December 31, 2011, the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company’s debt was $758,374 and $785,453 respectively (excluding outstanding mortgage indebtedness related to assets held for sale).
 

HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 9 – SHARE BASED PAYMENTS
 
In May 2011, the Company established and its shareholders approved the Hersha Hospitality Trust 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”) for the purpose of attracting and retaining executive officers, employees, trustees and other persons and entities that provide services to the Company.

Executives & Employees

Annual Long Term Equity Incentive Programs

To further align the interests of the Company’s executives with those of shareholders, the Compensation Committee grants annual long term equity incentive awards that are both “performance based” and “time based.”

On April 16, 2012, the Compensation Committee adopted the 2012 Annual LTIP for the executive officers, pursuant to which the executive officers are eligible to earn equity awards in the form of stock awards or performance share awards issuable pursuant to the 2012 Plan.  Shares are earned under the 2012 Annual LTIP based on achieving a threshold, target or maximum level of performance in the performance of RevPAR growth in certain defined areas.  The Company accounts for these grants as performance awards for which the Company assesses the probable achievement of the performance conditions at the end of each period.  Stock based compensation of $1,785 was recorded for the year ended December 31, 2012, for awards under the 2012 Annual LTIP and is included in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations.  As of December 31, 2012, no common shares have been issued in accordance with awards under the 2012 Plan to the executive officers in settlement of 2012 Annual LTIP awards.

Stock based compensation expense related to awards under the 2011 Annual LTIP and 2010 Annual LTIP of $2,140, $2,179, and $1,314 was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.  Unearned compensation related to awards under the 2011 Annual LTIP and the 2010 Annual LTIP as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively was $1,072 and $605, respectively. The following table is a summary of all unvested share awards issued to executives under the 2011 Annual LTIP and 2010 Annual LTIP:

                     
Shares Vested
   
Unearned Compensation
 
Original Issuance Date
 
Shares
Issued
   
Share Price
on date of
grant
 
Vesting Period
 
Vesting Schedule
 
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
March 26, 2012
   (2011 Annual LTIP)
    748,927     $ 5.45  
 3 years
 
25%/year (1)
    374,462       -     $ 892     $ -  
March 30, 2011
   (2010 Annual LTIP)
    440,669     $ 5.98  
 3 years
 
25%/year (1)
    330,500       220,334       180       605  
                            704,962       220,334     $ 1,072     $ 605  
 
(1)
25% of the issued shares vested immediately upon issuance.  In general, the remaining shares vest 25% on the first through third anniversaries of the date of issuance (subject to continuous employment through the applicable vesting date) .

Multi-Year LTIP

On May 7, 2010, the Compensation Committee adopted the Multi-Year LTIP.  This program has a three-year performance period, which commenced on January 1, 2010 and will end on December 31, 2012.  The common shares issuable pursuant to the 2012 Plan in settlement of equity awards granted under this program are based upon the Company’s achievement of a certain level of (1) absolute total shareholder return (75% of the award), and (2) relative total shareholder return as compared to the Company’s peer group (25% of the award).  As of December 31, 2012, no common shares have been issued in accordance with the 2012 Plan to the executive officers in settlement of Multi-Year LTIP awards.  The Company accounts for these grants as market based awards where the Company estimated unearned compensation at the grant date fair value which is then amortized into compensation cost over the vesting period, which ends on December 31, 2013.  Stock based compensation expense of $3,192, $3,192, and $2,084 was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively, for the Multi-Year LTIP.  Unearned compensation related to the multi-year program as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively was $3,192 and $6,383.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 9 – SHARE BASED PAYMENTS (continued)

Performance Share Awards

Performance shares granted in the third quarter of 2009 were earned in their entirety based on the Company’s common shares maintaining a closing price in excess of defined thresholds over a defined period of time and then settled in an equivalent number of common shares.  The Company accounted for these grants as market based awards where the Company estimated the unearned compensation at grant date fair value which was amortized into compensation cost over the performance period, which ended on August 4, 2010.  Stock based compensation expense of $725 was incurred during the year ended December 31, 2010 for the performance share awards.

Restricted Share Awards

In addition to stock based compensation expense related to awards under the Multi-Year LTIP, the 2010 Annual LTIP, the 2011 Annual LTIP and the 2012 Annual LTIP, stock based compensation expense related to restricted common shares issued to executives and employees of the Company of $1,911, $1,662, and $2,230 was incurred for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 respectively.  Unearned compensation related to the restricted share awards as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $5,420 and $1,370, respectively.  The following table is a summary of all unvested share awards issued to executives under the 2012 Plan and prior to equity incentive plans:
 
                     
Shares Vested
   
Unearned Compensation
 
Original Issuance Date
 
Shares
Issued
   
Share Price
on date of
grant
 
Vesting Period
 
Vesting Schedule
 
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
June 2, 2008
    278,059     $ 8.97  
 4 years
 
25%/year
    278,059       208,542     $ -     $ 260  
September 30, 2008
    3,616     $ 7.44  
 1-4 years
 
25-100%/year
    3,616       2,962       -       4  
June 1, 2009
    744,128     $ 2.80  
 4 years
 
25%/year
    558,305       372,483       217       737  
June 1, 2010
    182,308     $ 4.63  
 2-3 years
 
25-50%/year
    139,522       91,151       82       291  
June 30, 2011
    17,692     $ 5.57  
 2-4 years
 
25-50%/year
    4,958       -       51       78  
April 18, 2012
    1,035,595     $ 5.47  
 5 years
 
33% Year 3, 4, 5 (1)
    -       -       4,842       -  
June 29, 2012
    52,703     $ 5.28  
 2-4 years
 
25-50%/year
    -       -       228       -  
Total
    2,314,101                     984,460       675,138     $ 5,420     $ 1,370  
 
 
(1)
On April 18, 2012, the Company entered into amended and restated employment agreements with the Company’s executive officers.  To induce the executives to agree to the substantial reduction in benefits upon certain terminations following a change of control as described in the agreements, the Company awarded an aggregate of 1,035,595 restricted common shares to the executives pursuant to the 2012 Plan.  None of these restricted common shares will vest prior to the third anniversary of the date of issuance.  Thereafter, 33.3% of each award of restricted common shares will vest on each of the third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the date of issuance.  Vesting will accelerate upon a change of control or if the relevant executive’s employment with the Company were to terminate for any reason other than for cause (as defined in the agreements).

Trustees

Annual Retainer

The Compensation Committee approved a program that allows the Company’s trustees to make a voluntary election to receive any portion of the annual cash retainer in the form of common equity valued at a 25% premium to the cash that would have been received. As a result, we issued 20,118 shares on March 26, 2012 which was determined by dividing the dollar value of the award by the 20-day volume weighted average closing price of the Company’s common shares on the New York Stock Exchange as of December 31, 2011.  Shares issued under this program on March 26, 2012 become fully vested on December 31, 2012.  On December 28, 2012, we issued 32,417 shares which do not fully vest until December 31, 2013.  Compensation expense incurred for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010 respectively, was $66, $111 and $0 which was offset by forfeitures as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, of $40 and $33.  Unearned compensation related to the annual retainer shares as of December 31, 2012 was $160.  The following table is a summary of all unvested share awards issued to trustees in lieu of annual cash retainer:
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 9 – SHARE BASED PAYMENTS (continued)
 
                       
Unearned Compensation
 
Original Issuance
Date
 
Shares
Issued
   
Share Price
on date of
grant
 
Vesting
Period
 
Vesting
Schedule
   
December 31, 2012
 
March 26, 2012
    20,118     $ 5.45  
 1 year
    100%     $ -  
December 28, 2012
    32,417     $ 4.93  
1 year
    100%     $ 160  

Multi-Year Long-Term Equity Incentives

On March 30, 2011, the Company issued an aggregate of 12,600 restricted common shares, 1,800 to each non-management trustee, 33% vested on December 31, 2011, 33% vest on December 31, 2012, and the remaining 33% vest on December 31, 2013.  On June 5, 2012, the Company issued an aggregate of 12,600 restricted common shares 1,800 to non-management trustees, 33% of which will vest on each of December 31, 2012, 2013 and 2014.  On December 28, 2012, the Company issued an aggregate of 12,000 restricted common shares, 2,000 to non-management trustees, following the same vesting schedules as noted above.  Compensation expense for 2011 multi-year long term equity incentive and 2012 multi-year long-term equity incentive incurred for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively, was $43, $21, and $0 which is offset by $3 as of December 31, 2012 for forfeitures.  Unearned compensation related to the multi-year long term equity incentives was $113 and $43 as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Share Awards

Compensation expense related to share awards issued to the Board of Trustees of $402, $322, and $264 was incurred during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively and is recorded in stock based compensation on the statement of operations.  Share awards issued to the Board of Trustees are immediately vested.  On June 5, 2012, an aggregate 34,400 shares were issued to the Board of Trustees at a price on the date of grant of $4.99.  On December 28, 2012, an aggregate 46,677 shares were issued to the Board of Trustees at a price on the date of grant of $4.93.

Non-employees

The Company issues share based awards as compensation to non-employees for services provided to the Company and consists primarily of restricted common shares.  The Company recorded stock based compensation expense of $139, $104, and $32 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.  Unearned compensation related to the restricted share awards as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $74 and $70, respectively. The following table is a summary of all unvested share awards issued to non-employees under the 2008 and 2012 Plan:

                     
Shares Vested
   
Unearned Compensation
 
Original Issuance Date
 
Shares
Issued
   
Share Price
on date of
grant
 
Vesting
Period
 
Vesting Schedule
 
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
 
March 26, 2012
    28,500     $ 5.45  
 2 years
 
50%/year
    15,000       -     $ 74     $ -  
January 6, 2011
    17,035     $ 6.66  
 1.5 years
 
50%/year
    17,035       8,330       -       55  
March 25, 2010
    6,000     $ 5.02  
 2 years
 
50%/year
    6,000       3,000       -       15  
Total
    51,535                     38,035       11,330       74       70  

 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 10 – EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table is a reconciliation of the income or loss (numerator) and the weighted average shares (denominator) used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share. The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is presented below.

   
Year Ended
 
   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
Numerator:
                 
BASIC AND DILUTED*
                 
Income (Loss) from  Continuing Operations
  $ 11,219     $ 1,249     $ (10,789 )
Loss from Continuing Operations allocated to Noncontrolling Interests
    565       610       449  
Distributions to 8.0% Series A Preferred Shareholders
    (14,000 )     (10,499 )     (4,800 )
Dividends Paid on Unvested Restricted Shares
    (459 )     (229 )     (189 )
Loss from Continuing Operations attributable to Common Shareholders
    (2,675 )     (8,869 )     (15,329 )
                         
Discontinued Operations
                       
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations
    10,999       (28,217 )     (6,413 )
(Income) Loss from Discontinued Operations allocated to Noncontrolling Interests
    (407 )     1,124       396  
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations attributable to Common Shareholders
    10,592       (27,093 )     (6,017 )
                         
Net Income (Loss) attributable to Common Shareholders
  $ 7,917     $ (35,962 )   $ (21,346 )
                         
Denominator:
                       
Weighted average number of common shares - basic
    187,415,270       168,753,382       134,370,172  
Effect of dilutive securities:
                       
Restricted Stock Awards
    - *     - *     -  
Contingently Issued Shares
    - *     - *     -  
Option to acquire common shares
    - *     - *     -  
Partnership Units
    - *     - *     -  
Weighted average number of common shares - diluted
    187,415,270       168,753,382       134,370,172  
 
*
Income (loss) allocated to noncontrolling interest in Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership has been excluded from the numerator and Common Units have been omitted from the denominator for the purpose of computing diluted earnings per share since the effect of including these amounts in the numerator and denominator would have no impact.  In addition, potentially dilutive common shares, if any, have been excluded from the denominator if they are anti-dilutive to income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to common shareholders.

The following table summarizes potentially dilutive securities that have been excluded from the denominator for the purpose of computing diluted earnings per share:

   
Twelve Months Ended
 
   
December 31, 2012
   
December 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
                   
Common Units of Limited Partnership Interest
    7,208,123       7,295,112       8,628,492  
Unvested Stock Awards Outstanding
    433,097       584,216       396,328  
Contingently Issuable Share Awards
    2,778,545       2,097,456       934,097  
Options to Acquire Common Shares Outstanding
    275,580       2,360,156       2,327,219  
Total potentially dilutive securities excluded from the denominator
    10,695,345       12,336,940       12,286,136  

 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 11 – CASH FLOW DISCLOSURES AND NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
Interest paid in 2012, 2011 and 2010 totaled $41,744, $42,726 and $43,756, respectively. The following non-cash investing and financing activities occurred during 2012, 2011 and 2010:

   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Common Shares issued as part of the Dividend Reinvestment Plan
  $ 24     $ 14     $ 12  
Acquisition of hotel properties and consolidation of variable interest entities
                       
Issuance of Common Units
    -       204       6,256  
Debt assumed, net of discount
    85,913       62,552       11,937  
Settlement of development loans receivable principal and accrued interest revenue receivable
    -       8,300       7,839  
Development loan accrued interest revenue receivable paid in-kind by adding balance to development loan principal
    678       2,094       2,559  
Disposition of hotel properties
                       
Investment in hotel properties, net, conveyed to mortgage lender
    1,938       -       -  
Debt conveyed to mortgage lender
    2,940       -       -  
Debt assumed by purchaser
    54,217       -       -  
Conversion of Common Units to Common Shares
    572       639       12,434  
Reallocation of noncontrolling interest
    (966 )     3,835       (6,374 )
Accrued payables for fixed assets placed in service
    -       -       3,997  

The operating results of certain real estate assets which have been sold or otherwise qualify as held for sale are included in discontinued operations in the statements of operations for all periods presented.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 12 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Assets Held for Sale

The Company had no assets held for sale as of December 31, 2012.  Assets held for sale and liabilities related to assets held for sale consisted of the following as of December 31, 2011:

   
December 31, 2011
 
       
Land
  $ 12,313  
Buildings and Improvements
    100,398  
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment
    28,459  
      141,170  
         
Less Accumulated Depreciation & Amortization
    (47,341 )
         
Assets Held for Sale
  $ 93,829  
         
Liabilities Related to Assets Held for Sale
  $ 61,758  

The following table sets forth the components of discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010:

   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Revenue:
                 
Hotel Operating Revenues
  $ 6,465     $ 43,523     $ 42,339  
Other Revenue
    10       71       59  
Total Revenues
    6,475       43,594       42,398  
Expenses:
                       
Hotel Operating Expenses
    4,909       28,463       29,317  
Hotel Ground Rent
    72       433       433  
Real Estate and Personal Property Taxes and Property Insurance
    450       2,334       2,443  
General and Administrative
    16       592       78  
Depreciation and Amortization
    27       4,924       8,154  
Interest Expense
    1,200       5,786       6,246  
Loss on Debt Extinguishment
    33       22       54  
Total Expenses
    6,707       42,554       46,725  
                         
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations
  $ (232 )   $ 1,040     $ (4,327 )

We allocate to income or loss from discontinued operations interest expense related to debt that is to be assumed or that is required to be repaid as a result of the disposal transaction.
 

HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 12 – DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (continued)
 
Disposed Assets
 
The following real estate assets were sold between the period of January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012.  Our Board of Trustees authorized management of the Company to sell each of these assets prior to the final disposition.  Based on their disposition date, the operating results for these hotels were reclassified to discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010.

Hotel
 
Acquisition
 Date
 
Disposition
 Date
 
Consideration
   
Gain on
 Disposition
 
Non-Core Hotel Portfolio (18)
 
January 1999 - July 2006
 
February 2012 & May 2012
  $ 155,000     $ 4,978 (1)
Land Parcel, Eighth Ave, Manhattan, NY
 
June 2006
 
April 2012
    19,250       5,037  
Comfort Inn, North Dartmouth, MA
 
May 2006
 
March 2012
    -       1,216 (2)
2012 Total
                  $ 11,231  
                         
Comfort Inn, West Hanover, PA
 
May 1998
 
July 2011
  $ 5,250     $ 949  
Land Parcel,  Nevins Street, Brooklyn, NY
 
June 2007
 
December 2011
    4,500       42  
2011 Total
                  $ 991  
                         
Holiday Inn Express, New Columbia, PA
 
December 1997
 
July 2010
  $ 3,000     $ 347  
2010 Total
                  $ 347  
 
 
(1)
On August 15, 2011, the Company entered into two purchase and sale agreements to dispose of a portfolio of 18 non-core hotel properties, four of which are owned in part by the Company through an unconsolidated joint venture, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $155,000.  In May 2011, our Board of Trustees authorized management of the Company to sell this portfolio.   The 18 non-core hotel properties in the portfolio were acquired by the Company between 1998 and 2006;
 
On February 23, 2012, the Company closed on the sale of 14 of these non-core hotel properties, including three hotel properties owned in part by the Company through an unconsolidated joint venture, and closed on the remaining 4 properties, on May 8, 2012, including one hotel property owned in part by the Company through an unconsolidated joint venture.  The operating results for the consolidated assets were reclassified to discontinued operations in the statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010.  The 18 assets were sold for a total sales price of $155,000, reduced the Company’s consolidated mortgage debt by $61,298 and generated a gain on sale of approximately $4,910.   As a result of entering into these purchase and sale agreements for the 18 non-core assets mentioned above, we recorded an impairment loss in 2011 of approximately $30,248 for those consolidated assets for which the anticipated net proceeds did not exceed the carrying value.
 
 
(2)
On March 30, 2012, we transferred the title to the Comfort Inn, located in North Dartmouth, to the lender.  Previously, we had ceased operations at this property on March 31, 2011.  The operating results were reclassified to discontinued operations in the statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010.  The transfer of the title resulted in a gain of approximately $1,216, since the outstanding mortgage loan payable exceeded the net book value of the property.

Impairment of Assets Previously Held for Sale

We determined that the carrying value of the following properties exceeded fair value and as such we recorded an impairment charge as noted below during the year ended December 31, 2010.  The fair value of these properties was determined using Level 3 inputs, which are typically unobservable and are based on our own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.  The land parcel located on 39th Street and 8th Avenue was sold in April 2012, the title for the Comfort Inn, North Dartmouth hotel property was transferred to the lender in March 2012, and the land parcel located on Nevins Street, Brooklyn, NY, was sold in December 2011.

       
For the Year Ended December 31,
 
       
2010
 
Asset
 
Asset Type
 
Impairment Charge
 
Comfort Inn, North Dartmouth, MA
 
Hotel Property
  $ 944  
39th Street and 8th Avenue, New York, NY
 
Land Parcel
    16  
Nevins Street, Brooklyn, NY
 
Land Parcel
    1,473  
        $ 2,433  

 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 13 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN PARTNERSHIP

Common Shares

The Company’s common shares are duly authorized, fully paid and non-assessable. Common shareholders are entitled to receive dividends if and when authorized and declared by the Board of Trustees of the Company out of assets legally available and to share ratably in the assets of the Company legally available for distribution to its shareholders in the event of its liquidation, dissolution or winding up after payment of, or adequate provision for, all known debts and liabilities of the Company.

Preferred Shares

The Declaration of Trust authorizes our Board of Trustees to classify any unissued preferred shares and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued preferred shares of any series from time to time in one or more series, as authorized by the Board of Trustees. Prior to issuance of shares of each series, the Board of Trustees is required by Maryland REIT Law and our Declaration of Trust to set for each such series, subject to the provisions of our Declaration of Trust regarding the restriction on transfer of shares of beneficial interest, the terms, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each such series. Thus, our Board of Trustees could authorize the issuance of additional preferred shares with terms and conditions which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control in us that might involve a premium price for holders of common shares or otherwise be in their best interest.

Common Units

Common Units are issued in connection with the acquisition of wholly owned hotels and joint venture interests in hotel properties.  The total number of Common Units outstanding as of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was 7,112,506, 7,270,316 and 7,418,912, respectively. These units can be converted to common shares which are issuable to the limited partners upon exercise of their redemption rights. The number of shares issuable upon exercise of the redemption rights will be adjusted upon the occurrence of stock splits, mergers, consolidation or similar pro rata share transactions, that otherwise would have the effect of diluting the ownership interest of the limited partners or our shareholders. During 2012, 2011 and 2010, 157,810, 195,000 and 2,934,511 Common Units were converted to Class A Common Shares, respectively.  The Company issued 46,404 units in connection with the acquisition of the Courtyard by Marriott, Miami, FL during 2011.  No units were issued for acquisitions during 2012 and 2010.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 14 – INCOME TAXES
 
The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1999. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it currently distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its shareholders. It is the Company’s current intention to adhere to these requirements and maintain the Company’s qualification for taxation as a REIT. As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on that portion of its net income that is currently distributed to shareholders. If the Company fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income taxes at regular corporate rates (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent taxable years. Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and property, and to federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed taxable income.

Taxable income from non-REIT activities managed through taxable REIT subsidiaries is subject to federal, state and local income taxes. 44 New England is subject to income taxes at the applicable federal, state and local tax rates.  In 2012, 2011 and 2010, 44 New England generated net operating income (losses) of $2,310, ($17,790), and ($4,726), and recognized Income tax expense (benefit) of ($3,355), 0, and 0, respectively.

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to pretax income as a result of the following differences:

   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Computed "Expected" federal tax expense (benefit) of TRS, at 34%
  $ 786     $ (6,136 )   $ (1,875 )
State income taxes, net of federal income tax effect
    151       (1,146 )     (304 )
Changes in valuation allowance
    (4,292 )     7,282       2,179  
                         
Total income tax benefit
  $ (3,355 )   $ -     $ -  
 
The components of consolidated TRS’s net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

   
As of December 31,
 
   
2012
   
2011
 
Deferred tax assets:
           
Net operating loss carryforward
  $ 4,234     $ 13,054  
Property and equipment
    (75 )     (83 )
Subtotal
    4,159       12,971  
Less: Valuation allowance
    (804 )     (12,971 )
Net Deferred tax assets
  $ 3,355     $ -  
 
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Based on limitations related to the utilization of certain tax attribute carryforwards, Management  recorded a valuation allowance of approximately $804 as these attributes are not more likely than not to be realized prior to their expiration.   Based on the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the remaining deferred tax assets are deductible, Management believes it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will be realized.
 
As of December 31, 2012, we have gross federal net operating loss carryforwards of $12,452 which expire over various periods from 2023 through 2030.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 14 – INCOME TAXES (continued)

Earnings and profits, which will determine the taxability of distributions to shareholders, will differ from net income reported for financial reporting purposes due to the differences for federal tax purposes in the estimated useful lives and methods used to compute depreciation. The following table sets forth certain per share information regarding the Company’s common and preferred share distributions for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

   
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Preferred Shares - 8% Series A
           
Ordinary income
 
100.00%
 
100.00%
 
0.00%
Return of Capital
 
0.00%
 
0.00%
 
100.00%
Capital Gain Distribution
 
0.00%
 
0.00%
 
0.00%
Preferred Shares - 8% Series B
           
Ordinary income
 
100.00%
 
100.00%
 
N/A
Return of Capital
 
0.00%
 
0.00%
 
N/A
Capital Gain Distribution
 
0.00%
 
0.00%
 
N/A
Common Shares - Class A
           
Ordinary income
 
1.28%
 
73.30%
 
0.00%
Return of Capital
 
98.72%
 
26.70%
 
100.00%
Capital Gain Distribution
 
0.00%
 
0.00%
 
0.00%
 
 
91

 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012, 2011, AND 2010
[IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE/UNIT AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS]

NOTE 15 – SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
 
     
Year Ended December 31, 2012
 
     
First Quarter
     
Second
Quarter
     
Third Quarter
     
Fourth
Quarter
 
                                 
Total Revenues
  $ 65,643     $ 97,051     $ 97,478     $ 99,354  
Total Expenses
    76,948       86,953       89,969       95,668  
(Loss) Income from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
    (730 )     190       (1,431 )     (153 )
(Loss) Income from Continuing Operations
    (12,035 )     10,288       6,078       3,533  
                                 
Income Tax Benefit
    -       -       -       3,355  
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations (including Gain on Disposition of Hotel Properties)
    4,121       7,101       (184 )     (39 )
Net (Loss) Income
    (7,914 )     17,389       5,894       6,849  
                                 
(Loss) Income Allocated to Noncontrolling Interests in Continuing Operations
    (741 )     796       (279 )     66  
Preferred Distributions
    3,500       3,500       3,500       3,500  
Net (Loss) Income applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ (10,673 )   $ 13,093     $ 2,673     $ 3,283  
Basic and diluted earnings per share:
                               
(Loss) Income from continuing operations applicable to common shareholders
  $ (0.09 )   $ 0.03     $ 0.01     $ 0.02  
Discontinued Operations
    0.03       0.04       0.00       (0.00 )
Net (Loss) Income applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ (0.06 )   $ 0.07     $ 0.01     $ 0.02  
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding
                               
Basic
    170,427,428       186,264,437       196,360,325       196,411,729  
Diluted
    170,427,428       189,011,990       199,392,955       199,593,648  
                                 
   
Year Ended December 31, 2011
 
   
First Quarter
   
Second
Quarter
   
Third Quarter
   
Fourth
Quarter
 
Total Revenues
  $ 50,392     $ 78,934     $ 80,940     $ 76,484  
Total Expenses
    61,942       72,853       74,066       77,930  
(Loss) Income from Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
    (981 )     2,559       (1,570 )     1,282  
(Loss) Income from Continuing Operations
    (12,531 )     8,640       5,304       (164 )
                                 
(Loss) Income from Discontinued Operations (including Gain on Disposition of Hotel Properties)
    (1,887 )     708       (27,808 )     770  
Net (Loss) Income
    (14,418 )     9,348       (22,504 )     606  
                                 
(Loss) Income Allocated to Noncontrolling Interests in Continuing Operations
    (1,077 )     459       (1,001 )     (115 )
Preferred Distributions
    1,200       2,299       3,500       3,500  
Net (Loss) Income applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ (14,541 )   $ 6,590     $ (25,003 )   $ (2,779 )
Basic and diluted earnings per share:
                               
(Loss) Income from continuing operations applicable to common shareholders
  $ (0.08 )   $ 0.03     $ 0.01     $ (0.02 )
Discontinued Operations
    (0.01 )     0.01       (0.16 )     0.00  
Net Loss (Income) applicable to Common Shareholders
  $ (0.09 )   $ 0.04     $ (0.15 )   $ (0.02 )
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding
                               
Basic
    168,334,982       168,672,936       168,985,193       169,010,448  
Diluted
    168,334,982       173,687,233       172,266,298       169,010,448  

In the second quarter of 2012, we recorded an adjustment impacting gain on disposition of hotel properties that increased net income by $1,950.  This adjustment was made after completing an analysis that determined a liability for deferred land rent payable was not properly written off when a hotel property was sold during the first quarter of 2012.  After evaluating the quantitative and qualitative effects of this adjustment, we have concluded that the impact on the Company’s first quarter and second quarter consolidated financial statements was not material.
 

HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE III – REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2012
[IN THOUSANDS]
 
           
Initial Costs
    Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition     Gross Amounts at which Carrried at Close of Period          
Accumulated
   
Net Book Value
   
                                                   
Depreciation
   
Land
   
Description
 
Encumbrances
   
Land
   
Buildings & Improvements
   
Land
   
Buildings & Improvements
   
Land
   
Buildings & Improvements
   
Total
   
Buildings & Improvements*
   
Buildings & Improvements
 
Date of Acquisition
                                                               
Holiday Inn Exp,
 Hershey, PA
  $ -     $ 426     $ 2,645     $ 410     $ 4,071     $ 836     $ 6,716     $ 7,552     $ (2,820 )   $ 4,732  
10/01/97
Holiday Inn Express,
 Harrisburg, PA
    -       213       1,934       81       1,383       294       3,317       3,611       (1,089 )     2,522  
03/06/98
Hampton Inn,
 Hershey, PA
    -       807       5,714       4       1,250       811       6,964       7,775       (2,713 )     5,062  
01/01/00
Residence Inn,
 Framingham, MA
    -       1,325       12,737       -       1,069       1,325       13,806       15,131       (3,419 )     11,712  
03/26/04
Hampton Inn,
 New York, NY
    (24,237 )     5,472       23,280       -       1,376       5,472       24,656       30,128       (5,149 )     24,979  
04/01/05
Residence Inn,
 Greenbelt, MD
    (10,843 )     2,615       14,815       -       1,947       2,615       16,762       19,377       (3,690 )     15,687  
07/16/04
Holiday Inn Exp,
 Langhorne, PA
    (6,021 )     1,088       6,573       -       302       1,088       6,875       7,963       (1,364 )     6,599  
05/26/05
Holiday Inn Exp,
 King of Prussia, PA
    (11,904 )     2,557       13,339       -       1,686       2,557       15,025       17,582       (3,015 )     14,567  
05/23/05
Courtyard,
 Wilmington, DE
    (11,702 )     988       10,295       -       1,484       988       11,779       12,767       (2,653 )     10,114  
06/17/05
Inn at,
 Wilmington, DE
    -       898       4,515       -       800       898       5,315       6,213       (1,437 )     4,776  
06/17/05
Courtyard,
 Brookline, MA
    (37,645 )     -       47,414       -       1,416       -       48,830       48,830       (9,660 )     39,170  
06/15/05
Courtyard,
 Langhorne, PA
    (14,172 )     3,064       16,068       -       940       3,064       17,008       20,072       (3,232 )     16,840  
01/03/06
Residence Inn,
 Tyson's Corner, VA
    (8,070 )     4,283       14,475       -       1,770       4,283       16,245       20,528       (2,885 )     17,643  
02/02/06
Hilton Garden Inn,
 JFK Airport, NY
    (20,307 )     -       25,018       -       1,582       -       26,600       26,600       (4,859 )     21,741  
02/16/06
Hawthorne Suites,
 Franklin, MA
    (7,864 )     1,872       8,968       -       351       1,872       9,319       11,191       (1,659 )     9,532  
04/25/06
Holiday Inn Exp,
 Cambridge, MA
    -       1,956       9,793       -       2,321       1,956       12,114       14,070       (2,365 )     11,705  
05/03/06
Residence Inn,
 Norwood, MA
    -       1,970       11,761       -       704       1,970       12,465       14,435       (1,953 )     12,482  
07/27/06
Hampton Inn,
 Brookhaven, NY
    (13,299 )     3,130       17,345       1       956       3,131       18,301       21,432       (3,318 )     18,114  
09/06/06
Holiday Inn Exp,
 Hauppauge, NY
    (9,088 )     2,737       14,080       -       961       2,737       15,041       17,778       (2,783 )     14,995  
09/01/06
Residence Inn,
 Langhorne, PA
    -       1,463       12,094       95       923       1,558       13,017       14,575       (1,941 )     12,634  
01/08/07
Hampton Inn,
 Chelsea, NY
    (34,681 )     8,905       33,500       -       1,835       8,905       35,335       44,240       (6,039 )     38,201  
09/29/06
Hyatt House,
 Bridgewater, NJ
    (14,492 )     3,373       19,685       -       2,246       3,373       21,931       25,304       (3,333 )     21,971  
12/28/06
Hyatt House,
 Gaithersburg, MD
    (13,720 )     2,912       16,001       -       2,560       2,912       18,561       21,473       (2,938 )     18,535  
12/28/06
Hyatt House,
 Pleasant Hills, CA
    (20,160 )     6,216       17,229       -       212       6,216       17,441       23,657       (2,639 )     21,018  
12/28/06
Hyatt House,
 Pleasanton, CA
    (14,490 )     3,941       12,560       -       2,549       3,941       15,109       19,050       (2,301 )     16,749  
12/28/06
Hyatt House,
 Scottsdale, AZ
    (16,778 )     3,060       19,968       -       3,256       3,060       23,224       26,284       (3,651 )     22,633  
12/28/06
Hyatt House,
 White Plains, NY
    (33,030 )     8,823       30,273       -       2,520       8,823       32,793       41,616       (5,276 )     36,340  
12/28/06
Holiday Inn Exp & Suites,
 Chester, NY
    (6,463 )     1,500       6,671       -       122       1,500       6,793       8,293       (1,025 )     7,268  
01/25/07
Residence Inn,
 Carlisle, PA
    -       1,015       7,511       -       256       1,015       7,767       8,782       (1,148 )     7,634  
01/10/07
Hampton Inn,
 Seaport, NY
    (18,313 )     7,816       19,040       -       447       7,816       19,487       27,303       (2,919 )     24,384  
02/01/07
Hotel 373-5th Ave,
 New York, NY
    (19,000 )     14,239       16,778       -       100       14,239       16,878       31,117       (2,384 )     28,733  
06/01/07
Sheraton Hotel,
 JFK Airport, NY
    -       -       27,315       -       548       -       27,863       27,863       (3,255 )     24,608  
06/13/08
Hampton Inn,
 Philadelphia, PA
    -       3,490       24,382       -       5,886       3,490       30,268       33,758       (8,273 )     25,485  
02/15/06
Duane Street,
 Tribeca, NY
    (14,748 )     8,213       12,869       -       865       8,213       13,734       21,947       (1,937 )     20,010  
01/04/08
NU Hotel,
 Brooklyn, NY
    -       -       22,042       -       519       -       22,561       22,561       (2,578 )     19,983  
01/14/08

(1)
Costs capitalized subsequent to acquisition include reductions of asset value due to impairment.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE III – REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2012
[IN THOUSANDS]
 
         
Initial Costs
   
Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition
   
Gross Amounts at which Carrried at Close of Period
         
Accumulated
   
Net Book Value
   
                                                   
Depreciation
   
Land
   
Description
 
Encumbrances
   
Land
   
Buildings & Improvements
   
Land
   
Buildings & Improvements
   
Land
   
Buildings & Improvements
   
Total
   
Buildings & Improvements*
   
Buildings & Improvements
 
Date of Acquisition
                                                               
Towneplace Suites,
 Harrisburg, PA
  $ -     $ 1,237     $ 10,136     $ -     $ 56     $ 1,237     $ 10,192     $ 11,429     $ (1,191 )   $ 10,238  
05/08/08
Holiday Inn Express,
 Camp Springs, MD
    -       1,629       11,094       -       438       1,629       11,532       13,161       (1,422 )     11,739  
06/26/08
Hampton Inn,
 Smithfield, RI
    -       2,057       9,486       -       86       2,057       9,572       11,629       (1,059 )     10,570  
08/01/08
Hilton Garden Inn,
 Tribeca, NY
    (31,571 )     21,077       42,955       -       161       21,077       43,116       64,193       (3,983 )     60,210  
05/01/09
Hampton Inn,
 West Haven, CT
    -       1,053       10,751       -       84       1,053       10,835       11,888       (866 )     11,022  
11/04/09
Hampton Inn,
 Times Square, NY
    -       10,691       41,637       -       41       10,691       41,678       52,369       (3,013 )     49,356  
02/09/10
Holiday Inn Express,
 Times Square, NY
    (39,480 )     11,075       43,113       -       41       11,075       43,154       54,229       (3,120 )     51,109  
02/09/10
Candlewood Suites,
 Times Square, NY
    -       10,281       36,687       -       23       10,281       36,710       46,991       (2,650 )     44,341  
02/09/10
Hyatt Place,
 KOP, PA
    -       1,133       7,267       -       3,908       1,133       11,175       12,308       (3,148 )     9,160  
08/17/10
Holiday Inn Express,
 Wall Street, NY
    -       12,152       21,100       -       167       12,152       21,267       33,419       (1,407 )     32,012  
05/09/10
Hampton Inn,
 Washington, DC
    -       9,335       58,048       -       801       9,335       58,849       68,184       (3,454 )     64,730  
09/01/10
Courtyard,
 Alexandria, VA
    (24,086 )     6,376       26,089       -       2,420       6,376       28,509       34,885       (4,702 )     30,183  
09/29/06
Sheraton,
  Wilmington South, DE
    -       1,765       16,929       -       1,045       1,765       17,974       19,739       (974 )     18,765  
12/21/10
Holiday Inn,
  Water Street, NY
    -       7,341       28,591       -       (1,108 )     7,341       27,483       34,824       (1,265 )     33,559  
03/25/11
Capital Hill Suites
  Washington, DC
    (27,500 )     8,095       35,141       -       2,411       8,095       37,552       45,647       (1,694 )     43,953  
04/15/11
Courtyard,
  LA Westside, CA
    (30,000 )     13,489       27,025       -       192       13,489       27,217       40,706       (1,108 )     39,598  
05/19/11
Courtyard,
  Miami, FL
    (50,000 )     35,699       55,805       -       36       35,699       55,841       91,540       (1,570 )     89,970  
11/16/11
The Rittenhouse
  Hotel, PA
    -       7,108       29,556       -       712       7,108       30,268       37,376       (922 )     36,454  
03/01/12
Bulfinch,
  Boston, MA
    -       1,456       14,954       -       140       1,456       15,094       16,550       (248 )     16,302  
05/07/12
Holiday Inn Express,
  Manhattan, NY
    (54,252 )     30,329       57,016       -       92       30,329       57,108       87,437       (762 )     86,675  
06/18/12
Courtyard,
  Ewing, NJ
    -       950       9,835       -       4       950       9,839       10,789       (95 )     10,694  
08/13/12
Total Investment in Real Estate
  $ (637,916 )   $ 304,695     $ 1,151,902     $ 591     $ 62,963     $ 305,286     $ 1,214,865     $ 1,520,151     $ (150,353 )   $ 1,369,798    
                                                                                   
Assets Held For Sale
                                                                                 
    $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -    
                                                                                   
Total Assets Held For Sale
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -    
                                                                                   
Total Real Estate
  $ (637,916 )   $ 304,695     $ 1,151,902     $ 591     $ 62,963     $ 305,286     $ 1,214,865     $ 1,520,151     $ (150,353 )   $ 1,369,798    
                                                                                   
(1) Costs capitalized subsequent to acquisition include reductions of asset value due to impairment.
                                                                   

(1)
Costs capitalized subsequent to acquisition include reductions of asset value due to impairment.
 
Assets are depreciated over a 7 to 40 year life, upon which the latest income statement is computed

The aggregate cost of land, buildings and improvements for Federal income tax purposes for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is approximately $1,278,318, $1,362,064, and $1,183,694 respectively.

Depreciation is computed for buildings and improvements using a useful life for these assets of 7 to 40 years.
 
See Accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST AND SUBSIDIARIES
SCHEDULE III – REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2012 (continued)
[IN THOUSANDS]

   
2012
   
2011
   
2010
 
Reconciliation of Real Estate
                 
Balance at beginning of year
  $ 1,481,433     $ 1,291,213     $ 997,212  
Additions during the year
    167,916       248,358       297,450  
Dispositions/Deconsolidation of consolidated joint venture during the year
    (127,992 )     (29,216 )     (3,449 )
Changes/Impairments
    (1,206     (141,633 )     -  
Investment in Real Estate
    1,520,151       1,368,722       1,291,213  
Assets Held for Sale, net of impairment
    -       112,711       -  
Total Real Estate
  $ 1,520,151     $ 1,481,433     $ 1,291,213  
                         
Reconciliation of Accumulated Depreciation
                       
Balance at beginning of year
  $ 139,057     $ 112,161     $ 83,556  
Depreciation for year
    35,597       28,229       29,654  
Accumulated depreciation on assets sold
    (24,301 )     (1,333 )     (1,049 )
Balance at the end of year
  $ 150,353     $ 139,057     $ 112,161  

 
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures

EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report are functioning effectively to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. A control system cannot provide absolute assurance, however, that the objectives of the controls system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.

MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined within Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Internal control over financial reporting refers to the processes designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and includes policies and procedures that:

 
·
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
 
·
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
 
·
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria contained in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission as of December 31, 2012. Based on that evaluation, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2012, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their attestation report which is included herein.
 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Trustees and Shareholders of
Hersha Hospitality Trust:

We have audited Hersha Hospitality Trust and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Hersha Hospitality Trust's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, Hersha Hospitality Trust maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Hersha Hospitality Trust and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2012, and our report dated February 22, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
 
/s/ KPMG LLP
 
   
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 
February 22, 2013
 
 

CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2012, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.
Other Information
 
None.
 

PART III

Item 10.
Trustees, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The required information is incorporated herein by reference from our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K with respect to our 2013 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Item 11.
Executive Compensation

The required information is incorporated herein by reference from our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K with respect to our 2013 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Certain of the required information is incorporated herein by reference from our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K with respect to our 2013 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

SECURITIES ISSUABLE PURSUANT TO EQUITY COMPENSATION PLANS

As of December 31, 2012, no options or warrants to acquire our securities pursuant to equity compensation plans were outstanding. The following table sets forth the number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights; weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights; and the number of securities remaining available for future issuance under our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2012:

Plan Category
 
Number of securities
to be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
 
Weighted average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights
 
Number of securities
remaining available
for future issuance
under equity
compensation plans(1)
   
(a)
 
(b)
 
(c)
             
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
 
 -
 
 -
 
5,482,105
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
 
 -
 
 -
 
 -
Total
 
 -
 
 -
 
5,482,105

(1)     Represents shares issuable under the Company’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.  On January 1, 2012, the Company’s 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (“2008 EIP”) was terminated.  Termination of the 2008 EIP does not impact awards issued under the 2008 EIP prior its termination.

Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Trustee Independence

The required information is incorporated herein by reference from our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K with respect to our 2013 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The required information is incorporated herein by reference from our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K with respect to our 2013 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
 

PART IV

Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a)
Documents filed as part of this report.

1.
Financial Statements:

The following financial statements are included in this report on pages 50 to 94:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
Consolidated Statements of Equity and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

2.
Financial Statement Schedules:

The following financial statement schedule is included in this report on pages 95 to 97: Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation for the year ended December 31, 2012

3.
Exhibits

The following exhibits listed are filed as a part of this report:

Exhibit No.
Description
3.1
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Declaration of Trust of Hersha Hospitality Trust, as amended and supplemented (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011, filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on August 8, 2011 and incorporated by reference herein).
3.2
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Hersha Hospitality Trust (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on February 15, 2012 and incorporated by reference herein).
4.1
Form of Common Share Certificate.*
4.2
Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of May 13, 2005, between Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as trustee (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on May 17, 2005 and incorporated by reference herein).
4.3
Form of Junior Subordinated Note (included in Exhibit 4.2).
4.4
Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of Hersha Statutory Trust I, dated as of May 13, 2005, among Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership, as depositor, JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association, as property trustee, Chase Bank USA, National Association, as Delaware trustee, the Administrative Trustees named therein and the holders of undivided beneficial interests in the assets of Hersha Statutory Trust I (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on May 17, 2005 and incorporated by reference herein).
4.5
Form of Trust Preferred Security Certificate (included in Exhibit 4.4).
4.6
Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of May 31, 2005, between Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on June 6, 2005 and incorporated by reference herein).
4.7
Form of Junior Subordinated Note (included in Exhibit 4.6 hereto).
4.8
Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of Hersha Statutory Trust II, dated as of May 31, 2005, among Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership, as depositor, Wilmington Trust Company, as property trustee and as Delaware trustee, the Administrative Trustees named therein and the holders of undivided beneficial interests in the assets of Hersha Statutory Trust II (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on June 6, 2005 and incorporated by reference herein).

 
Exhibit No.
Description
4.9
Form of Trust Preferred Security Certificate (included in Exhibit 4.8 hereto).
4.1
Form of 8.00% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Share Certificate (filed as Exhibit 3.4 to the Form 8-A filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on August 3, 2005 and incorporated by reference herein).
4.11
Investor Rights and Option Agreement, dated August 4, 2009, by and among Hersha Hospitality Trust, Real Estate Investment Group L.P. and IRSA Inversiones y Representaciones Sociedad Anónima (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on August 6, 2009 and incorporated by reference herein).†
4.12
Trustee Designation Agreement, dated August 4, 2009, by and among Hersha Hospitality Trust, Real Estate Investment Group L.P. and IRSA Inversiones y Representaciones Sociedad Anónima (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on August 6, 2009 and incorporated by reference herein).†
4.13
Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 30, 2010, by and among Hersha Hospitality Trust, Real Estate Investment Group L.P., IRSA Inversiones y Representaciones Sociedad Anónima, Dolphin Fund Ltd. and Citibank, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on June 30, 2010 and incorporated by reference herein).†
4.14
Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, as amended and supplemented (filed with the SEC as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 8, 2011, and incorporated by reference herein)
10.1
Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership.*
10.2
Option Agreement, dated as of June 3, 1998, among Hasu P. Shah, Jay H. Shah, Neil H. Shah, Bharat C. Mehta, K.D. Patel, Rajendra O. Gandhi, Kiran P. Patel, David L. Desfor, Madhusudan I. Patni, Manhar Gandhi and Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership.*†
10.3
Amendment to Option Agreement, dated December 4, 1998 (filed as Exhibit 10.19(a) to the Registration Statement on Form S-11/A filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on December 7, 1998 and incorporated by reference herein).†
10.4
Administrative Services Agreement, dated January 26, 1999, between Hersha Hospitality Trust and Hersha Hospitality Management, L.P.*†
10.5
Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership, dated as of April 21, 2003 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on April 23, 2003 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.6
Second Amendment to Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.15 to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on February 24, 2004 and incorporated by reference herein).

 
Exhibit No.
Description
10.7
Membership Interests Contribution Agreement, dated June 15, 2005, by and among Waterford Hospitality Group, LLC, Mystic Hotel Investors, LLC and Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on June 21, 2005 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.8
Form of Limited Liability Company Agreement of Mystic Partners, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on June 21, 2005 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.9
Form of Management Agreement between the lessee entity and Waterford Hotel Group, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on June 21, 2005 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.1
Form of Limited Liability Company Agreement of Leaseco, LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on June 21, 2005 and incorporated by reference herein.
10.11
Third Amendment to Agreement of Limited Partnership of Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership, dated August 5, 2005 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on August 8, 2005 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.12
Sixth Amendment to Membership Interests Contribution Agreement, dated February 8, 2006, by and among Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership, Mystic Hotel Investors, LLC, Waterford Hospitality Group LLC and First American Title Insurance Company (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on February 14, 2006 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.13
First Amendment to Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of Mystic Partners Leaseco, LLC, dated February 8, 2006 (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on February 14, 2006 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.14
Conditional Payment Guaranty, dated February 8, 2006, made by Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership and Mystic Hotel Investors, LLC to and for the benefit of Merrill Lynch Capital (filed as Exhibit 10.8 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on February 14, 2006 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.15
Conditional Payment Guaranty, dated February 8, 2006, made by Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership and Mystic Hotel Investors, LLC to and for the benefit of Merrill Lynch Capital (filed as Exhibit 10.9 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on February 14, 2006 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.16
Supplemental Limited Joinder, dated February 8, 2006, made by Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership and Mystic Hotel Investors LLC (filed as Exhibit 10.10 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on February 14, 2006 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.17
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated June 28, 2007, by and between the Company and Hasu P. Shah (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on July 3, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein).†
10.18
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated June 28, 2007, by and between the Company and Jay H. Shah (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on July 3, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein).†
10.19
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated June 28, 2007, by and between the Company and Neil H. Shah (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on July 3, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein).†
10.2
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated June 28, 2007, by and between the Company and Ashish R. Parikh (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on July 3, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein).†
10.21
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated June 28, 2007, by and between the Company and Michael R. Gillespie (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on July 3, 2007 and incorporated by reference herein).†
10.22
Hersha Hospitality Trust 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix B to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on April 18, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein).†
10.23
Form of Stock Award Agreement under the Hersha Hospitality Trust 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 29, 2008 and incorporated by reference herein).†
10.24
Form of Performance Share Award Agreement under the Hersha Hospitality Trust 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009 filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on November 5, 2009 and incorporated by reference herein).†
10.25
Amendment No. 1 to the Hersha Hospitality Trust 2008 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix A to the Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on April 15, 2010 and incorporated by reference herein).†
10.26
Hersha Hospitality Trust 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix A to the proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 18, 2011, and incorporated by reference herein).
10.27
Fourth Amendment to Agreement of Limited Partnership of Hersha Hospitality Trust, dated May 18, 2011 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011, filed by Hersha Hospitality Trust on August 8, 2011 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.28
Amendment No. 1 to the Hersha Hospitality Trust 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 31, 2011, and incorporated by reference herein).

 
Exhibit No.
Description
10.29
Master Purchase and Sale Agreement (regarding the sale of six hotel properties), dated August 15, 2011, by and among PRA Glastonbury, LLC, 44 Hersha Norwich Associates, LLC, Danbury Suites, LLC, Whitehall Mansion Partners, LLC, Southington Suites, LLC, 790 West Street, LLC and Waterford Suites, LLC, individually and collectively as sellers, and SOF-VIII U.S. Hotel Co-Invest Holdings L.P., or its designee, as purchaser (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 18, 2011 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.3
Master Purchase and Sale Agreement (regarding the sale of 12 hotel properties), dated August 15, 2011, by and among LTD Associates Two, LLC, LTD Associates One, LLC, HHLP Dartmouth Two Associates, LLC, HHLP Charlotte Associates, LLC, 994 Associates, 3544 Associates, 2144 Associates – Sellinsgrove, HHLP Malvern Associates, 44 Edison Associates, LLC, HHLP Scranton Associates, LLC, HHLP Bethlehem Associates, LP and 44 Laurel Associates, LLC, individually and collectively as sellers, and SOF-VIII U.S. Hotel Co-Invest Holdings L.P., or its designee, as purchaser (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 18, 2011 and incorporated by reference herein).
10.31
Credit Agreement, dated as of November 5, 2012, among Hersha Hospitality Limited Partnership, as borrower, Hersha Hospitality Trust, as the parent REIT and a guarantor, certain direct or indirect subsidiaries of the borrower, as guarantors, Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 8, 2012, and incorporated herein by referenced).
   
Statement Regarding Computation of Ratio of Per Statement Regarding the Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Share Dividends.**
List of Subsidiaries of the Registrant.**
Consent of KPMG LLP.**
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
101.INS
Instance Document
101.SCH
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE
XBRL Taxo XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
   
*
Filed as an exhibit to Hersha Hospitality Trust’s Registration Statement on Form S-11, as amended, filed June 5, 1998 (SEC File No. 333-56087) and incorporated by reference herein.
**
Filed herewith.
 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
HERSHA HOSPITALITY TRUST
 
 
 
February 22, 2013
/s/ Jay H. Shah
 
 
Jay H. Shah
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Hasu P. Shah
 
Chairman and Trustee
 
February 22, 2013
Hasu P. Shah
       
         
/s/ Jay H. Shah
 
Chief Executive Officer and Trustee
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
February 22, 2013
Jay H. Shah
       
         
/s/ Neil H. Shah
 
President and Chief Operating Officer
(Chief Operating Officer)
 
February 22, 2013
Neil H. Shah
       
         
/s/ Ashish R. Parikh
 
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
February 22, 2013
Ashish R. Parikh
       
         
/s/ Michael R. Gillespie
 
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
February 22, 2013
Michael R. Gillespie
       
         
/s/ Donald J. Landry
 
Trustee
 
February 22, 2013
Donald J. Landry
       
         
/s/ Thomas J. Hutchison III
 
Trustee
 
February 22, 2013
Thomas J. Hutchison III
       
         
/s/ Dianna F. Morgan
 
Trustee
 
February 22, 2013
Dianna F. Morgan
       
         
/s/ Kiran P. Patel
 
Trustee
 
February 22, 2013
Kiran P. Patel
       
         
/s/ John M. Sabin
 
Trustee
 
February 22, 2013
John M. Sabin
       
         
/s/ Michael A. Leven
 
Trustee
 
February 22, 2013
Michael A. Leven
       
 
 
105