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HUMANA INC - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE
    SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022
OR
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE
    SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission file number 1-5975
HUMANA INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware61-0647538
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
500 West Main Street
Louisville, Kentucky 40202
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(502) 580-1000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.16 2/3 par valueHUMNew York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date.
Class of Common Stock
Outstanding at September 30, 2022
$0.16 2/3 par value126,600,318 shares

Table of Contents
Humana Inc.
FORM 10-Q
SEPTEMBER 30, 2022
INDEX
 Page
Part I: Financial Information
Item 1.Financial Statements
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Certifications


Humana Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
September 30,
2022		December 31, 2021
(in millions, except share amounts)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$13,558 $3,394 
Investment securities13,124 13,192 
Receivables, net of allowances of $71 in 2022
    and $83 in 2021
1,609 1,814 
Other current assets5,420 6,493 
Total current assets33,711 24,893 
Property and equipment, net3,218 3,073 
Long-term investment securities375 780 
Equity method investments738 141 
Goodwill9,096 11,092 
Other long-term assets3,627 4,379 
Total assets$50,765 $44,358 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Benefits payable$9,237 $8,289 
Trade accounts payable and accrued expenses6,766 4,509 
Book overdraft237 326 
Unearned revenues6,012 254 
Short-term debt2,799 1,953 
Total current liabilities25,051 15,331 
Long-term debt7,798 10,541 
Other long-term liabilities1,599 2,383 
Total liabilities34,448 28,255 
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $1 par; 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued
— — 
Common stock, $0.16 2/3 par; 300,000,000 shares authorized;
  198,666,598 shares issued at September 30, 2022 and 198,648,742 shares at December 31, 2021
33 33 
Capital in excess of par value3,234 3,082 
Retained earnings25,606 23,086 
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income(1,467)42 
Treasury stock, at cost, 72,066,280 shares at September 30, 2022 and
    69,846,758 shares at December 31, 2021
(11,152)(10,163)
Noncontrolling interests63 23 
Total stockholders’ equity16,317 16,103 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$50,765 $44,358 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Humana Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
 
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
 2022202120222021
 (in millions, except per share results)
Revenues:
Premiums$21,468 $19,885 $66,437 $59,987 
Services1,159 845 3,772 1,802 
Investment income (loss)172 (33)222 221 
Total revenues22,799 20,697 70,431 62,010 
Operating expenses:
Benefits18,384 17,316 57,108 51,761 
Operating costs3,061 2,603 9,120 6,726 
Depreciation and amortization182 150 527 436 
Total operating expenses21,627 20,069 66,755 58,923 
Income from operations1,172 628 3,676 3,087 
Gain on sale of KAH Hospice(240)— (240)— 
Interest expense102 88 293 235 
Other expense (income), net13 (1,096)(16)(562)
Income before income taxes and equity in net earnings 1,297 1,636 3,639 3,414 
Provision for income taxes107 120 820 536 
Equity in net earnings3 15 1 69 
Net income$1,193 $1,531 $2,820 $2,947 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests2 — 1 — 
Net income attributable to Humana$1,195 $1,531 $2,821 $2,947 
Basic earnings per common share$9.45 $11.91 $22.27 $22.90 
Diluted earnings per common share$9.39 $11.84 $22.16 $22.77 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Humana Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
 2022202120222021
 (in millions)
Net income attributable to Humana$1,195 $1,531 $2,821 $2,947 
Other comprehensive income:
Change in gross unrealized investment losses(590)(63)(1,982)(247)
Effect of income taxes135 14 455 56 
Total change in unrealized investment losses, net of tax(455)(49)(1,527)(191)
Reclassification adjustment for net realized gains (losses)50 (16)23 (80)
Effect of income taxes(11)4 (5)19 
Total reclassification adjustment, net of tax39 (12)18 (61)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax(416)(61)(1,509)(252)
Comprehensive income attributable to equity method investments— (10)— 6 
Comprehensive income attributable to Humana$779 $1,460 $1,312 $2,701 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

Humana Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
 Common StockCapital In
Excess of
Par Value		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)		Treasury
Stock		Noncontrolling InterestsTotal
Stockholders’
Equity
 Issued
Shares		Amount
(dollars in millions, share amounts in thousands)
Three months ended September 30, 2022
Balances, June 30, 2022198,667 $33 $3,153 $24,511 $(1,051)$(11,156)$20 $15,510 
Net income1,195 (2)1,193 
Distribution from noncontrolling interest holders, net3 3 
Sale of KAH Hospice(11)(11)
Acquisition53 53 
Other comprehensive loss(416)(416)
Common stock repurchases— (4)(4)
Dividends and dividend
   equivalents		— (100)(100)
Stock-based compensation80 80 
Restricted stock unit vesting— — (3)3 — 
Stock option exercises— — 4 5 9 
Balances, September 30, 2022198,667 $33 $3,234 $25,606 $(1,467)$(11,152)$63 $16,317 
Three months ended September 30, 2021
Balances, June 30, 2021198,649 $33 $3,018 $21,751 $216 $(10,175)$— $14,843 
Net income1,531 — 1,531 
Acquisition22 22 
Other comprehensive loss(71)(71)
Common stock repurchases— (3)(3)
Dividends and dividend
   equivalents		— (91)(91)
Stock-based compensation48 48 
Restricted stock unit vesting— — (3)3 — 
Stock option exercises— — 1 2 3 
Balances, September 30, 2021198,649 $33 $3,064 $23,191 $145 $(10,173)$22 $16,282 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

 Common StockCapital In
Excess of
Par Value		Retained
Earnings		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (loss)		Treasury
Stock		Noncontrolling InterestsTotal
Stockholders’
Equity
 Issued
Shares		Amount
(dollars in millions, share amounts in thousands)
Nine months ended September 30, 2022
Balances, December 31, 2021198,649 $33 $3,082 $23,086 $42 $(10,163)$23 $16,103 
Net income2,821 (1)2,820 
Distribution to noncontrolling interest holders, net(1)(1)
Sale of KAH Hospice(11)(11)
Acquisition53 53 
Other comprehensive loss(1,509)(1,509)
Common stock repurchases— (1,032)(1,032)
Dividends and dividend
   equivalents		— (301)(301)
Stock-based compensation173 173 
Restricted stock unit vesting18 — (31)31 — 
Stock option exercises— — 10 12 22 
Balances, September 30, 2022198,667 $33 $3,234 $25,606 $(1,467)$(11,152)$63 $16,317 
Nine months ended September 30, 2021
Balances, December 31, 2020198,649 $33 $2,705 $20,517 $391 $(9,918)$— $13,728 
Net income2,947 — 2,947 
Acquisition22 22 
Other comprehensive loss(246)(246)
Common stock repurchases263 (299)(36)
Dividends and dividend
   equivalents		— (273)(273)
Stock-based compensation132 132 
Restricted stock unit vesting— — (40)40 — 
Stock option exercises— — 4 4 8 
Balances, September 30, 2021198,649 $33 $3,064 $23,191 $145 $(10,173)$22 $16,282 


7

Humana Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 For the nine months ended September 30,
 20222021
 (in millions)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income$2,820 $2,947 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in)
    operating activities:
Gain on sale of KAH Hospice(240)— 
Loss on investment securities, net136 18 
Gain on Kindred at Home equity method investment— (1,129)
Equity in net earnings(1)(69)
Stock-based compensation173 132 
Depreciation555 468 
Amortization73 51 
Impairment on property and equipment144 — 
Deferred income taxes (33)— 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of
    businesses acquired and disposed:
Receivables11 (294)
Other assets(465)(476)
Benefits payable948 573 
Other liabilities(195)207 
Unearned revenues5,758 (84)
Other30 14 
Net cash provided by operating activities9,714 2,358 
Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from sale of KAH Hospice, net2,708 — 
Acquisitions, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired(293)(3,959)
Purchases of property and equipment, net(862)(945)
Purchases of investment securities(4,740)(6,573)
Proceeds from maturities of investment securities1,214 2,103 
Proceeds from sales of investment securities1,979 2,920 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities6 (6,454)
Cash flows from financing activities
Receipts from contract deposits, net3,787 605 
Proceeds from issuance of senior notes, net744 2,984 
(Repayments) proceeds from issuance of commercial paper, net(660)193 
Proceeds from term loan— 500 
Repayment of term loan(2,000)(150)
Debt issue costs(2)(29)
Change in book overdraft(89)(80)
Common stock repurchases(1,032)(36)
Dividends paid(291)(263)
Other(13)3 
Net cash provided by financing activities444 3,727 
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents10,164 (369)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period3,394 4,673 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$13,558 $4,304 
8


Humana Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
For the nine months ended September 30,
20222021
(in millions)
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Interest payments$256 $183 
Income tax payments, net$751 $219 
Details of businesses acquired in purchase transactions:
Fair value of assets acquired, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired$411 $9,572 
Less: Fair value of liabilities assumed(65)(3,231)
Less: Noncontrolling interests acquired(53)(22)
Less: Remeasured existing Kindred at Home equity method investment— (2,360)
Cash paid for acquired businesses, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired$293 $3,959 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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Humana Inc.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT EVENTS
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures normally required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, or those normally made in an Annual Report on Form 10-K. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. For further information, the reader of this Form 10-Q should refer to our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on February 17, 2022. We refer to this Form 10-K as the “2021 Form 10-K” in this document. References throughout this document to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company,” and “Humana” mean Humana Inc. and its subsidiaries.
The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The areas involving the most significant use of estimates are the estimation of benefits payable, the impact of risk adjustment provisions related to our Medicare contracts, the valuation and related impairment recognition of investment securities, and the valuation and related impairment recognition of long-lived assets, including goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. These estimates are based on knowledge of current events and anticipated future events, and accordingly, actual results may ultimately differ materially from those estimates. For additional information regarding accounting policies considered in preparing our consolidated financial statements, refer to Note 2 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K.
The financial information has been prepared in accordance with our customary accounting practices and has not been audited. In our opinion, the information presented reflects all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of interim results. All such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature.
Value Creation Initiatives
During 2022, in order to create capacity to fund growth and investment in our Medicare Advantage business and further expansion of our Healthcare Services capabilities in 2023, we committed to drive additional value for the enterprise through cost saving, productivity initiatives, and value acceleration from previous investments. As a result of these initiatives, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded charges of $82 million and $285 million, respectively, primarily related to asset and software impairment and abandonment in the amount of $4 million and $144 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Also included in this charge was $44 million and $65 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, in future severance payments in connection with the optimization of our workforce to increase speed, agility, and the pace at which Humana must work as a large, integrated healthcare organization. We expect this liability to be primarily paid within the next 12 months and classified it as a current liability, included in trade accounts payable and accrued expenses. These charges are included within operating costs in the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and were recorded at the corporate level and not allocated to the segments.
COVID-19
The emergence and spread of the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, beginning in the first quarter of 2020 has impacted our business. During periods of increased incidences of COVID-19, a reduction in non-COVID-19 hospital admissions for non-emergent and elective medical care have resulted in lower overall healthcare system utilization. At the same time, COVID-19 treatment and testing costs increased utilization. During 2022, we experienced lower overall utilization of the healthcare system than anticipated, as the reduction in COVID-19 utilization following the increased incidence associated with the Omicron variant outpaced the increase in non-COVID-19 utilization. The significant disruption in utilization during 2020 also impacted our ability to implement clinical initiatives to manage health care costs and chronic conditions of our members, and appropriately document their risk profiles, and, as
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Humana Inc.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
such, significantly affected our 2021 revenue under the risk adjustment payment model for Medicare Advantage plans. Finally, changes in utilization patterns and actions taken in 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the suspension of certain financial recovery programs for a period of time and shifting the timing of claim payments and provider capitation surplus payments, impacted our claim reserve development and operating cash flows for 2021.

Revenue Recognition
Our revenues include premiums and services revenue. Services revenue includes administrative service fees that are recorded based upon established per member per month rates and the number of members for the month and are recognized as services are provided for the month. Additionally, services revenue includes net patient services revenue that are recorded based upon established billing rates, less allowances for contractual adjustments, and are recognized as services are provided. For additional information regarding our revenues, refer to Note 2 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K. For additional information regarding disaggregation of revenue by segment and type, refer to Note 14 to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, "Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.
At September 30, 2022, accounts receivable related to services were $311 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we had no material bad-debt expense and there were no material contract assets, contract liabilities or deferred contract costs recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2022.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, services revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods, such as due to changes in transaction price, was not material. Further, services revenue expected to be recognized in any future year related to remaining performance obligations was not material.

2. RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In November 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-11, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Effective Date and Early Application (“ASU 2020-11”). The amendments in ASU 2020-11 make changes to the effective date and early application of Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-12, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts (“ASU 2018-12”), which was issued in November 2018. The amendments in ASU 2020-11 have extended the original effective date by one year, and now the amendments are required for our interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The new guidance relates to accounting for long-duration contracts of insurers which revises key elements of the measurement models and disclosure requirements for long-duration contracts issued by insurers, including the amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs and the measurement of liabilities for future policy benefits using current, rather than locked-in, assumptions. The new guidance, limited to our Medicare supplement product which represent less than 1% of consolidated premiums and services revenue, is effective for us beginning with annual and interim periods in 2023 and, using a modified retrospective approach, is to be applied to contracts in force on the basis of their existing carrying value amounts at the beginning of the earliest period presented. We are currently evaluating the impact on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

There are no other recently issued accounting standards that apply to us or that are expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

11
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Humana Inc.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
3. ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
On August 11, 2022, we completed the sale of a 60% interest of Humana’s Kindred at Home Hospice subsidiary, or KAH Hospice, to Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, or CD&R, for cash proceeds of approximately $2.7 billion, net of cash disposed, including debt repayments from KAH Hospice to Humana of $1.9 billion. In connection with the sale we recognized a pre-tax gain, net of transaction costs, of $240 million which is reported as a gain on sale of KAH Hospice in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
In June 2022, we classified KAH Hospice as held-for-sale and aggregated KAH Hospice’s assets and liabilities separately on the balance sheet. The assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest disposed of on August 11, 2022 were as follows:
August 11, 2022
(in millions)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$66 
Receivables, net of allowances194 
Other current assets20 
Property and equipment, net44 
Goodwill2,331 
Other assets960 
Total assets $3,615 
Liabilities
Trade accounts payable and accrued expenses$245 
Other long-term liabilities281 
Total liabilities$526 
Noncontrolling interest $11 

Other assets included $866 million identifiable intangibles consisting of Medicare licenses and certificates of need.

Prior to the KAH Hospice disposition on August 11, 2022, as discussed above, KAH Hospice revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $177 million and $958 million, respectively. Prior to the KAH Hospice disposition on August 11, 2022, KAH Hospice pretax earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $24 million and $150 million, respectively.

On August 17, 2021, we acquired the remaining 60% interest in Kindred at Home, or KAH, the nation’s largest home health and hospice provider, from TPG Capital, or TPG, and Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe, or WCAS, two private equity funds for an enterprise value of $8.2 billion, which included our equity value of $2.4 billion associated with our 40% minority ownership interest. We paid the approximate $5.8 billion transaction price (net of our existing equity stake) through a combination of debt financing, the assumption of existing KAH indebtedness and parent company cash.

During 2022 and 2021, we acquired various health and wellness related businesses which, individually or in the aggregate, have not had a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. The results of operations and financial condition of these businesses acquired in 2022 and 2021 have been included in our condensed consolidated statements of income and condensed consolidated balance sheets from the respective acquisition dates. Acquisition-related costs recognized in 2022 and 2021 were not material to our results of operations. For asset acquisitions, the goodwill acquired is partially amortizable as deductible expenses for tax purposes. The pro forma financial information assuming the acquisitions had occurred as of the beginning of the
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Humana Inc.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
calendar year prior to the year of acquisition, as well as the revenues and earnings generated during the year of acquisition, were not material for disclosure purposes.

4. INVESTMENT SECURITIES
Investment securities classified as current and long-term were as follows at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively:
Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Fair
Value
 (in millions)
September 30, 2022
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government corporations and agencies:
U.S. Treasury and agency obligations$657 $— $(58)$599 
Mortgage-backed securities3,589 1 (550)3,040 
Tax-exempt municipal securities769 — (54)715 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential482 — (78)404 
Commercial1,562 — (154)1,408 
Asset-backed securities1,915 — (81)1,834 
Corporate debt securities6,418 — (931)5,487 
Total debt securities$15,392 $1 $(1,906)13,487 
Common stock12 
Total investment securities$13,499 
December 31, 2021
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government corporations and agencies:
U.S. Treasury and agency obligations$611 $1 $(10)$602 
Mortgage-backed securities3,265 33 (69)3,229 
Tax-exempt municipal securities810 33 (2)841 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential373 — (6)367 
Commercial1,394 27 (11)1,410 
Asset-backed securities1,346 6 (4)1,348 
Corporate debt securities5,641 118 (59)5,700 
Total debt securities$13,440 $218 $(161)13,497 
Common stock475 
Total investment securities$13,972 
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Humana Inc.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
In August 2022, we purchased certain corporate debt securities of KAH Hospice subsequent to the sale. The book value and fair value are $279 million and $274 million, respectively, at September 30, 2022.
Gross unrealized losses and fair values aggregated by investment category and length of time of individual debt securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for which no allowances for credit loss has been recorded were as follows at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively:
 Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
 Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Fair
Value		Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 (in millions)
September 30, 2022
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government corporations and agencies:
U.S. Treasury and agency obligations$146 $(6)$380 $(52)$526 $(58)
Mortgage-backed securities1,114 (131)1,802 (419)2,916 (550)
Tax-exempt municipal securities79 (3)625 (51)704 (54)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential127 (15)277 (63)404 (78)
Commercial252 (13)1,156 (141)1,408 (154)
Asset-backed securities598 (30)1,226 (51)1,824 (81)
Corporate debt securities1,909 (191)3,484 (740)5,393 (931)
Total debt securities$4,225 $(389)$8,950 $(1,517)$13,175 $(1,906)
December 31, 2021
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government corporations and agencies:
U.S. Treasury and agency obligations$201 $(3)$355 $(7)$556 $(10)
Mortgage-backed securities2,082 (49)556 (20)2,638 (69)
Tax-exempt municipal securities68 (1)34 (1)102 (2)
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential358 (6)8 — 366 (6)
Commercial295 (4)400 (7)695 (11)
Asset-backed securities530 (3)425 (1)955 (4)
Corporate debt securities1,456 (28)769 (31)2,225 (59)
Total debt securities$4,990 $(94)$2,547 $(67)$7,537 $(161)

Approximately 95% of our debt securities were investment-grade quality, with a weighted average credit rating of AA by Standard & Poor's Rating Service, or S&P, at September 30, 2022. Most of the debt securities that were below investment-grade were rated BB, the higher end of the below investment-grade rating scale. Tax-exempt municipal securities were diversified among general obligation bonds of states and local municipalities in the United States as well as special revenue bonds issued by municipalities to finance specific public works projects such as utilities, water and sewer, transportation, or education. Our general obligation bonds are diversified across the United States with no individual state exceeding 1% of our total debt securities. Our investment policy limits investments in a single issuer and requires diversification among various asset types.
Our unrealized losses from all debt securities were generated from approximately 1,655 positions out of a total of approximately 1,905 positions at September 30, 2022. All issuers of debt securities we own that were trading at an unrealized loss at September 30, 2022 remain current on all contractual payments. After taking into account these
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
and other factors previously described, we believe these unrealized losses primarily were caused by an increase in market interest rates in the current markets since the time these debt securities were purchased. At September 30, 2022, we did not intend to sell any debt securities with an unrealized loss position in accumulated other comprehensive income, and it is not likely that we will be required to sell these debt securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. As such, we did not record any material credit allowances for debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.
The detail of (losses) gains related to investment securities and included within investment income was as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:
 Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
 2022202120222021
 (in millions)(in millions)
Gross gains on investment securities$2 $71 $41 $180 
Gross losses on investment securities(52)(1)(58)(1)
Gross gains on equity securities51 40 51 104 
Gross losses on equity securities— (214)(170)(301)
Net recognized gains (losses) on investment securities$1 $(104)$(136)$(18)
The gains and losses related to equity securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was as follows:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2022202120222021
(in millions)(in millions)
Net gains (losses) recognized on equity securities during the period$51 $(174)$(119)$(197)
Less: Net gains (losses) recognized on equity securities sold during the period47 — (105)— 
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized on equity securities still held at the end of the period$4 $(174)$(14)$(197)
The contractual maturities of debt securities available for sale at September 30, 2022, regardless of their balance sheet classification, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Amortized
Cost		Fair
Value
 (in millions)
Due within one year$442 $438 
Due after one year through five years2,895 2,682 
Due after five years through ten years3,227 2,687 
Due after ten years1,280 994 
Mortgage and asset-backed securities7,548 6,686 
Total debt securities$15,392 $13,487 

For additional information regarding our investment securities, refer to Note 2 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
5. FAIR VALUE
Financial Assets
The following table summarizes our fair value measurements at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, for financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
 Fair Value Measurements Using
 Fair
Value		Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets
(Level 1)		Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)		Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 (in millions)
September 30, 2022
Cash equivalents$13,357 $13,357 $— $— 
Debt securities:
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government
    corporations and agencies:
U.S. Treasury and agency obligations599 — 599 — 
Mortgage-backed securities3,040 — 3,040 — 
Tax-exempt municipal securities715 — 715 — 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential404 — 404 — 
Commercial1,408 — 1,408 — 
Asset-backed securities1,834 — 1,834 — 
Corporate debt securities5,487 — 5,387 100 
Total debt securities13,487 — 13,387 100 
Common stock12 12 — — 
Total invested assets$26,856 $13,369 $13,387 $100 
December 31, 2021
Cash equivalents$3,322 $3,322 $— $— 
Debt securities:
U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government
    corporations and agencies:
U.S. Treasury and agency obligations602 — 602 — 
Mortgage-backed securities3,229 — 3,229 — 
Tax-exempt municipal securities841 — 841 — 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential367 — 367 — 
Commercial1,410 — 1,410 — 
Asset-backed securities1,348 — 1,348 — 
Corporate debt securities5,700 — 5,632 68 
Total debt securities13,497 — 13,429 68 
Common stock475 475 — — 
Total invested assets$17,294 $3,797 $13,429 $68 
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
Our Level 3 assets had a fair value of $100 million at September 30, 2022 , or 0.4% of our total invested assets. During the year ended September 30, 2022, the changes in the fair value of the assets measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) were comprised of the following:
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
Private Placements
(in millions)
Beginning balance at January 1$68 
Total gains or losses:
Realized in earnings— 
Unrealized in other comprehensive income(12)
Purchases44 
Sales— 
Settlements— 
Balance at September 30$100 
There were no Level 3 assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
Financial Liabilities
Our debt is recorded at carrying value in our consolidated balance sheets. The carrying value of our senior notes debt outstanding, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, was $9.8 billion at September 30, 2022 and $9.0 billion at December 31, 2021. The fair value of our senior notes debt was $9.0 billion at September 30, 2022 and $10.0 billion at December 31, 2021. The fair value of our senior notes debt is determined based on Level 2 inputs, including quoted market prices for the same or similar debt, or if no quoted market prices are available, on the current prices estimated to be available to us for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. Carrying value approximates fair value for our term loans and commercial paper borrowings. The term loans and commercial paper borrowings were $803 million at September 30, 2022 and $3.5 billion at December 31, 2021.
Put and Call Options Measured at Fair Value
Our put and call options associated with our equity method investments are measured at fair value each period using a Monte Carlo simulation.
The put and call options fair values associated with our Primary Care Organization strategic partnership with WCAS, which are exercisable at a fixed revenue exit multiple and provide a minimum return on WCAS' investment if exercised, are measured at fair value each reporting period. The put and call options fair values were $190 million and $17 million, respectively, at September 30, 2022. The put and call options fair values, derived from the Monte Carlo simulation, were $202 million and $13 million, respectively, at December 31, 2021.
The significant unobservable inputs utilized in these Level 3 fair value measurements (and selected values) include the enterprise value, annualized volatility and credit spread. Enterprise value was derived from a discounted cash flow model, which utilized significant unobservable inputs for long-term revenue, to measure underlying cash flows, weighted average cost of capital and long term growth rate. The table below presents the assumptions used for each reporting period.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Annualized volatility
23.4% - 23.5%
22.4 %
Credit spread
1.2% - 1.4%
0.9 %
Revenue exit multiple
1.5x - 2.5x
1.5x - 2.5x
Weighted average cost of capital13.0 %12.5 %
Long term growth rate3.0 %3.0 %
Other Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis subject to fair value adjustment only in certain circumstances. As disclosed in Note 3, we acquired various health and wellness related businesses during 2022. The net assets acquired and resulting goodwill and other intangible assets were recorded at fair value primarily using Level 3 inputs. The net tangible assets including receivables and accrued liabilities were recorded at their carrying value which approximated their fair value due to their short term nature. The fair value of goodwill and other intangible assets were internally estimated based primarily on the income approach. The income approach estimates fair value based on the present value of cash flow that the assets could be expected to generate in the future. We developed internal estimates for expected cash flows in the present value calculation using inputs and significant assumptions that include historical revenues and earnings, revenue growth rates, the amount and timing of future cash flows, discount rates, contributory asset charges and future tax rates, among others. The excess purchase price over the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired is recorded as goodwill.
As disclosed in Note 3, we completed the sale of KAH Hospice on August 11, 2022. The carrying value of the assets and liabilities of KAH Hospice disposed approximates fair value. The amount of goodwill included in the carrying value is based on the relative fair value of the Home Solutions reporting unit included within the Healthcare Services segment.
Other than the assets and liabilities acquired and disposed during 2022, there were no other material assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis during 2022.
For additional information regarding our fair value measurements, refer to Note 2 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
6. MEDICARE PART D
We cover prescription drug benefits in accordance with Medicare Part D under multiple contracts with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS. The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets include the following amounts associated with Medicare Part D at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. CMS subsidies/discounts in the table below include the reinsurance and low-income cost subsidies funded by CMS for which we assume no risk as well as brand name prescription drug discounts for Part D plan participants in the coverage gap funded by CMS and pharmaceutical manufacturers. For additional information regarding our prescription drug benefits coverage in accordance with Medicare Part D, refer to Note 2 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K.

 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Risk
Corridor
Settlement		CMS
Subsidies/
Discounts		Risk
Corridor
Settlement		CMS
Subsidies/
Discounts
 (in millions)
Other current assets$157 $775 $363 $1,894 
Trade accounts payable and accrued expenses(94)(3,074)(68)(466)
Net current asset (liability)63 (2,299)295 1,428 
Other long-term assets234 — 5 — 
Other long-term liabilities(188)— (194)— 
Net long-term asset (liability)46 — (189)— 
Total net asset (liability)$109 $(2,299)$106 $1,428 

7. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for our reportable segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were as follows:
RetailGroup and SpecialtyHealthcare
Services		Total
 (in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2022$1,933 $261 $8,898 $11,092 
Acquisitions183 — 152 335 
Dispositions— — (2,331)(2,331)
Balance at September 30, 2022$2,116 $261 $6,719 $9,096 
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
The following table presents details of our other intangible assets included in other long-term assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Weighted
Average
Life		CostAccumulated
Amortization		NetCostAccumulated
Amortization		Net
 ($ in millions)
Other intangible assets:
Certificates of needIndefinite$1,138 $— $1,138 $1,771 $— $1,771 
Medicare licensesIndefinite292 — 292 522 — 522 
Customer contracts/
    relationships		9.4 years929 659 270 883 620 263 
Trade names and
    technology		6.7 years142 104 38 160 97 63 
Provider contracts11.6 years73 61 12 72 57 15 
Noncompetes and
    other		8.4 years85 38 47 35 30 5 
Total other intangible
    assets		9.1 years$2,659 $862 $1,797 $3,443 $804 $2,639 
    For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, amortization expense for other intangible assets was approximately $25 million and $17 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, amortization expense for other intangible assets was approximately $61 million and $47 million, respectively. The following table presents our estimate of amortization expense remaining for 2022 and each of the five next succeeding years at September 30, 2022:
 (in millions)
For the years ending December 31,
2022$19 
202363 
202455 
202553 
202640 
202731 
For additional information regarding our goodwill and intangible assets, refer to Note 2 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
8. BENEFITS PAYABLE
On a consolidated and segment basis, activity in benefits payable was as follows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
ConsolidatedRetailGroup & Specialty
(in millions)
Balances, beginning of period$8,289 $7,675 $614 
Acquisitions— — — 
Incurred related to:
Current year57,512 54,731 3,168 
Prior years(404)(379)(25)
Total incurred57,108 54,352 3,143 
Paid related to:
Current year(48,835)(46,608)(2,614)
Prior years(7,325)(6,757)(568)
Total paid(56,160)(53,365)(3,182)
Balances, end of period$9,237 $8,662 $575 
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021
ConsolidatedRetailGroup & Specialty
(in millions)
Balances, beginning of period$8,143 $7,428 $715 
Acquisitions42 42 — 
Incurred related to:
Current year52,529 49,247 3,769 
Prior years(768)(673)(95)
Total incurred51,761 48,574 3,674 
Paid related to:
Current year(44,370)(41,721)(3,136)
Prior years(6,818)(6,216)(602)
Total paid(51,188)(47,937)(3,738)
Balances, end of period$8,758 $8,107 $651 
The total estimate of benefits payable for claims incurred but not reported, or IBNR, is included within the net incurred claims amounts. At September 30, 2022, benefits payable for our Retail segment included IBNR of approximately $5.2 billion, primarily associated with claims incurred in 2022. At September 30, 2022, benefits payable for our Group & Specialty segment included IBNR of approximately $484 million, primarily associated with claims incurred in 2022.

Amounts incurred related to prior periods vary from previously estimated liabilities as the claims ultimately are settled. Negative amounts reported for incurred related to prior years result from claims being ultimately settled for amounts less than originally estimated (favorable development).

Our reserving practice is to consistently recognize the actuarial best estimate of our ultimate liability for claims. Actuarial standards require the use of assumptions based on moderately adverse experience, which generally results in favorable reserve development, or reserves that are considered redundant. For additional information regarding our benefits payable and benefits expense recognition, refer to Note 2 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

9. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE COMPUTATION
Detail supporting the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share was as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2022202120222021
(dollars in millions, except per common share results; number of shares in thousands)
Net income available for common stockholders$1,195 $1,531 $2,821 $2,947 
Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock
    used to compute basic earnings per common share		126,572 128,518 126,678 128,714 
Dilutive effect of:
Employee stock options61 68 50 65 
Restricted stock723 669 577 619 
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per common share127,356 129,255 127,305 129,398 
Basic earnings per common share$9.45 $11.91 $22.27 $22.90 
Diluted earnings per common share$9.39 $11.84 $22.16 $22.77 
Number of antidilutive stock options and restricted stock
    excluded from computation		78 136 267 256 

For additional information regarding earnings per common share, refer to Note 2 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K.

10. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Dividends
The following table provides details of dividend payments, excluding dividend equivalent rights for unvested stock awards, during 2022 under our Board approved quarterly cash dividend policy:
Record
Date		Payment
Date		Amount
per Share		Total
Amount
(in millions)
12/31/20211/28/2022$0.7000 $90 
3/31/20224/29/2022$0.7875 $100 
6/30/20227/29/2022$0.7875 $100 
9/30/202210/28/2022$0.7875 $100 
In October 2022, the Board declared a cash dividend of $0.7875 per share payable on January 27, 2023 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 30, 2022. Declaration and payment of future quarterly dividends are at the discretion of our Board and may be adjusted as business needs or market conditions change.
Stock Repurchases
Our Board of Directors may authorize the purchase of our common stock shares. Under the share repurchase authorization, shares may be purchased from time to time at prevailing prices in the open market, by block purchases, through plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
amended, or in privately-negotiated transactions, including pursuant to accelerated share repurchase agreements with investment banks, subject to certain regulatory restrictions on volume, pricing, and timing.
On January 11, 2022, we entered into separate accelerated stock repurchase agreements, the January 2022 ASR Agreements, with Mizuho Markets Americas LLC, or Mizuho, and Wells Fargo Bank, or Wells Fargo, to repurchase $1 billion of our common stock as part of the $3 billion repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors on February 18, 2021. On January 12, 2022, in accordance with the January 2022 ASR Agreements, we made a payment of $1 billion ($500 million to Mizuho and $500 million to Wells Fargo) and received an initial delivery of 2.2 million shares of our common stock (1.08 million shares each from Mizuho and Wells Fargo). In January 2022, we recorded the payments to Mizuho and Wells Fargo as a reduction to stockholders’ equity, consisting of an $850 million increase in treasury stock, which reflects the value of the initial 2.2 million shares received upon initial settlement, and a $150 million decrease in capital in excess of par value, which reflects the value of stock held back by Mizuho and Wells Fargo pending final settlement of the January 2022 ASR Agreements. Upon final settlement of the January 2022 ASR Agreements with Mizuho and Wells Fargo on March 29, 2022 and March 30, 2022, respectively, we received an additional 0.1 million shares and 0.1 million shares, respectively, as determined by the average daily volume weighted-averages share price of our common stock during the term of the agreement, less a discount, of $410.96 and $411.66, respectively, bringing the total shares received under the January 2022 ASR Agreements to 2.4 million. In addition, upon settlement we reclassified the $150 million value of stock initially held back by Mizuho and Wells Fargo from capital in excess of par value to treasury stock.
Our remaining repurchase authorization was $2 billion as of November 1, 2022.
In connection with employee stock plans, we acquired 0.07 million common shares for $32 million and 0.09 million common shares for $36 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

For additional information regarding our stockholders' equity, refer to Note 16 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K.

11. INCOME TAXES
The effective income tax rate was 8.2% and 22.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, and 7.2% and 15.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The year-over-year increase in the effective income tax rates is primarily due to the impact of the August 2021 acquisition of the remaining 60% interest in KAH. In that period, we recognized a $1.1 billion mark-to-market gain related to our previously held 40% investment in KAH. This unrealized gain was not taxable, thereby reducing the effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase is partially offset by the August 2022 disposition of our 60% interest in KAH Hospice, which resulted in an increase to our tax basis in both the shares sold and the shares retained, thereby reducing the effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law. The Inflation Reduction Act includes various tax provisions, which are effective for the tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2023. We do not expect these tax changes to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

For additional information regarding income taxes, refer to Note 2 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K.


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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
12.  DEBT
The carrying value of debt outstanding, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, was as follows at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
(in millions)
Short-term debt:
Commercial paper$303 $955 
Senior notes:
$1.5 billion, 0.650% due August 3, 2023
1,496 — 
$600 million, 3.150% due December 1, 2022
600 599 
$400 million, 2.900% due December 15, 2022
400 399 
Total senior notes2,496 998
Total short-term debt$2,799 $1,953 
Long-term debt:
Senior notes:
$1.5 billion, 0.650% due August 3, 2023
$— $1,492 
$600 million, 3.850% due October 1, 2024
599 598 
$600 million, 4.500% due April 1, 2025
597 596 
$750 million, 1.350% due February 3, 2027
744 742 
$600 million, 3.950% due March 15, 2027
597 596 
$750 million, 3.700% due March 23, 2029
742 — 
$500 million, 3.125% due August 15, 2029
496 496 
$500 million, 4.875% due April 1, 2030
495 495 
$750 million, 2.150% due February 3, 2032
742 741 
$250 million, 8.150% due June 15, 2038
261 261 
$400 million, 4.625% due December 1, 2042
396 396 
$750 million, 4.950% due October 1, 2044
740 740 
$400 million, 4.800% due March 15, 2047
396 395 
$500 million, 3.950% due August 15, 2049
493 493 
Total senior notes7,298 8,041 
Term loans:
Term loan, due October 29, 2023— 2,000
Delayed draw term loan, due May 28, 2024500500
Total term loans5002,500
Total long-term debt$7,798 $10,541 
Senior Notes    
In March 2022, we issued $750 million of 3.700% unsecured senior notes due March 23, 2029. Our net proceeds, reduced for the underwriters' discounts and commissions paid, were $744 million. We used the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which included the repayment of existing indebtedness, including borrowings under our commercial paper program.
For additional information regarding our Senior Notes, refer to Note 13 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

October 2021 Term Loan Agreement

On August 16, 2022, we repaid the $2.0 billion October 2021 Term Loan Agreement without a prepayment penalty due.

For additional information regarding our October 2021 Term Loan Agreement, refer to Note 3 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, "Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q and Note 13 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K.

Revolving Credit Agreements

In June 2022, we entered into a 364-day $1.5 billion unsecured revolving credit agreement (replacing the 364-day $1.5 billion unsecured revolving credit agreement entered into in June 2021, which expired in accordance with its terms). Under the 364-day revolving credit agreement, at our option, we can borrow on either a competitive advance basis or a revolving credit basis. The revolving credit portion bears interest at Term SOFR or the base rate plus a spread. The competitive advance portion of any borrowings will bear interest at market rates prevailing at the time of borrowing on either a fixed rate or a floating rate based Term SOFR, at our option.

Our credit agreements contain customary restrictive covenants and a financial covenant regarding maximum debt to capitalization of 60%, as well as customary events of default. We are in compliance with this financial covenant, with actual debt to capitalization of 39.4% as measured in accordance with the revolving credit agreements as of September 30, 2022.

At September 30, 2022, we had no borrowings and approximately $59 million of letters of credit outstanding under the revolving credit agreements, including those of KAH. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2022, we had $2.4 billion of remaining borrowing capacity under the 5-year revolving credit agreement and $1.5 billion of remaining borrowing capacity under the 364-day revolving credit agreement (which excludes the uncommitted $750 million of incremental loan facilities), none of which would be restricted by our financial covenant compliance requirement.
For additional information regarding our Revolving Credit Agreements, refer to Note 13 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K.

Commercial Paper
Under our commercial paper program we may issue short-term, unsecured commercial paper notes privately placed on a discount basis through certain broker dealers at any time. On February 10, 2022, we increased the size of our commercial paper program to permit the issuance of commercial paper notes in an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $4 billion compared to the prior amount not to exceed $2 billion. Amounts available under the program may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed from time to time. The net proceeds of issuances have been and are expected to be used for general corporate purposes. The maximum principal amount outstanding at any one time during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $1.5 billion, with $303 million outstanding at September 30, 2022 compared to $955 million outstanding at December 31, 2021. The outstanding commercial paper at September 30, 2022 had a weighted average annual interest rate of 3.23%.
Other Short-term Borrowings
We are a member, through one subsidiary, of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati, or FHLB. As a member we have the ability to obtain short-term cash advances, subject to certain minimum collateral requirements. At September 30, 2022 we had no outstanding short-term FHLB borrowings.


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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
13. COMMITMENTS, GUARANTEES AND CONTINGENCIES
Government Contracts
Our Medicare products, which accounted for approximately 81% of our total premiums and services revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily consisted of products covered under the Medicare Advantage and Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Plan contracts with the federal government. These contracts are renewed generally for a calendar year term unless CMS notifies us of its decision not to renew by May 1 of the calendar year in which the contract would end, or we notify CMS of our decision not to renew by the first Monday in June of the calendar year in which the contract would end. All material contracts between Humana and CMS relating to our Medicare products have been renewed for 2023 and all of our product offerings have been approved.
CMS uses a risk-adjustment model which adjusts premiums paid to Medicare Advantage, or MA, plans according to health status of covered members. The risk-adjustment model, which CMS implemented pursuant to the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, or BBA, and the Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000, or BIPA, generally pays more where a plan's membership has higher expected costs. Under this model, rates paid to MA plans are based on actuarially determined bids, which include a process whereby our prospective payments are based on our estimated cost of providing standard Medicare-covered benefits to an enrollee with a "national average risk profile." That baseline payment amount is adjusted to reflect the health status of our enrolled membership. Under the risk-adjustment methodology, all MA plans must collect from providers and submit the necessary diagnosis code information to CMS within prescribed deadlines. The CMS risk-adjustment model uses the diagnosis data to calculate the risk-adjusted premium payment to MA plans, which CMS adjusts for coding pattern differences between the health plans and the government fee-for-service program. We generally rely on providers, including certain providers in our network who are our employees, to code their claim submissions with appropriate diagnoses, which we send to CMS as the basis for our payment received from CMS under the actuarial risk-adjustment model. We also rely on these providers to document appropriately all medical data, including the diagnosis data submitted with claims. In addition, we conduct medical record reviews as part of our data and payment accuracy compliance efforts, to more accurately reflect diagnosis conditions under the risk adjustment model. These compliance efforts include the internal contract level audits described in more detail below, as well as ordinary course reviews of our internal business processes.
CMS and the Office of the Inspector General of Health and Human Services, or HHS-OIG, are continuing to perform audits of various companies’ selected MA contracts related to this risk adjustment diagnosis data. We refer to these audits as Risk-Adjustment Data Validation Audits, or RADV audits. RADV audits review medical records in an attempt to validate provider medical record documentation and coding practices which influence the calculation of premium payments to MA plans.
In 2012, CMS released a “Notice of Final Payment Error Calculation Methodology for Part C Medicare Advantage Risk Adjustment Data Validation (RADV) Contract-Level Audits.” The payment error calculation methodology provided that, in calculating the economic impact of audit results for an MA contract, if any, the results of the RADV audit sample would be extrapolated to the entire MA contract after a comparison of the audit results to a similar audit of the government’s traditional fee-for-service Medicare program, or Medicare FFS. We refer to the process of accounting for errors in FFS claims as the "FFS Adjuster". This comparison of RADV audit results to the FFS error rate is necessary to determine the economic impact, if any, of RADV audit results because the government used the Medicare FFS program data set, including any attendant errors that are present in that data set, to estimate the costs of various health status conditions and to set the resulting adjustments to MA plans’ payment rates in order to establish actuarial equivalence in payment rates as required under the Medicare statute. CMS already makes other adjustments to payment rates based on a comparison of coding pattern differences between MA plans and Medicare FFS data (such as for frequency of coding for certain diagnoses in MA plan data versus the Medicare FFS program dataset).
The final RADV extrapolation methodology, including the first application of extrapolated audit results to determine audit settlements, is expected to be applied to CMS RADV contract level audits conducted for contract
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(Unaudited)
year 2011 and subsequent years. CMS is currently conducting RADV contract level audits for certain of our Medicare Advantage plans.
Estimated audit settlements are recorded as a reduction of premiums revenue in our consolidated statements of income, based upon available information. We perform internal contract level audits based on the RADV audit methodology prescribed by CMS. Included in these internal contract level audits is an audit of our Private Fee-For Service business which we used to represent a proxy of the FFS Adjuster which has not yet been finalized. We based our accrual of estimated audit settlements for each contract year on the results of these internal contract level audits and update our estimates as each audit is completed. Estimates derived from these results were not material to our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. We report the results of these internal contract level audits to CMS, including identified overpayments, if any.
On October 26, 2018, CMS issued a proposed rule and accompanying materials, which we refer to as the “Proposed Rule”, related to, among other things, the RADV audit methodology described above. If implemented, the Proposed Rule would use extrapolation in RADV audits applicable to payment year 2011 contract-level audits and all subsequent audits, without the application of a FFS Adjuster to audit findings. We believe that the Proposed Rule fails to address adequately the statutory requirement of actuarial equivalence, and have provided substantive comments to CMS on the Proposed Rule as part of the notice-and-comment rulemaking process. Whether, and to what extent, CMS finalizes the Proposed Rule, and any related regulatory, industry or company reactions, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
In addition, as part of our internal compliance efforts, we routinely perform ordinary course reviews of our internal business processes related to, among other things, our risk coding and data submissions in connection with the risk adjustment model. These reviews may also result in the identification of errors and the submission of corrections to CMS, that may, either individually or in the aggregate, be material. As such, the result of these reviews may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

We will continue to work with CMS to ensure that MA plans are paid accurately and that payment model principles are in accordance with the requirements of the Social Security Act, which, if not implemented correctly could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
Our state-based Medicaid business, which accounted for approximately 6% of our total premiums and services revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily consisted of serving members enrolled in Medicaid, and in certain circumstances members who qualify for both Medicaid and Medicare, under contracts with various states.
At September 30, 2022, our military services business, which accounted for approximately 1% of our total premiums and services revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily consisted of the TRICARE T2017 East Region contract. The T2017 East Region contract comprising 32 states and approximately 6 million TRICARE beneficiaries, under which delivery of health care services commenced on January 1, 2018. The T2017 East Region contract is a 5-year contract set to expire on December 31, 2022 and is subject to renewals on January 1 of each year during its term at the government's option.
The loss of any of the contracts above or significant changes in these programs as a result of legislative or regulatory action, including reductions in premium payments to us, regulatory restrictions on profitability, including reviews by regulatory bodies that may compare our Medicare Advantage profitability to our non-Medicare Advantage business profitability, or compare the profitability of various products within our Medicare Advantage business, and require that they remain within certain ranges of each other, or increases in member benefits or member eligibility criteria without corresponding increases in premium payments to us, may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.



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(Unaudited)
Legal Proceedings and Certain Regulatory Matters
As previously disclosed, the Civil Division of the United States Department of Justice provided us with an information request in December 2014, concerning our Medicare Part C risk adjustment practices. The request relates to our oversight and submission of risk adjustment data generated by providers in our Medicare Advantage network, as well as to our business and compliance practices related to risk adjustment data generated by our providers and by us, including medical record reviews conducted as part of our data and payment accuracy compliance efforts, the use of health and well-being assessments, and our fraud detection efforts. We believe that this request for information is in connection with a wider review of Medicare Risk Adjustment generally that includes a number of Medicare Advantage plans, providers and vendors. We continue to cooperate with the Department of Justice. These matters are expected to result in additional qui tam litigation.
As previously disclosed, on January 19, 2016, an individual filed a qui tam suit captioned United States of America ex rel. Steven Scott v. Humana, Inc., in United States District Court, Central District of California, Western Division. The complaint alleges certain civil violations by us in connection with the actuarial equivalence of the plan benefits under Humana’s Basic PDP plan, a prescription drug plan offered by us under Medicare Part D. The action seeks damages and penalties on behalf of the United States under the False Claims Act. The court ordered the qui tam action unsealed on September 13, 2017, so that the relator could proceed, following notice from the U.S. Government that it was not intervening at that time. On January 29, 2018, the suit was transferred to the United States District Court, Western District of Kentucky, Louisville Division. We have substantially completed discovery with the relator who has pursued the matter on behalf of the United States following unsealing. On March 31, 2022, the Court denied the parties' Motions for Summary Judgement. We take seriously our obligations to comply with applicable CMS requirements and actuarial standards of practice, and continue to vigorously defend against these allegations.
Other Lawsuits and Regulatory Matters
    Our current and past business practices are subject to review or other investigations by various state insurance and health care regulatory authorities and other state and federal regulatory authorities. These authorities regularly scrutinize the business practices of health insurance, health care delivery and benefits companies. These reviews focus on numerous facets of our business, including claims payment practices, statutory capital requirements, provider contracting, risk adjustment, competitive practices, commission payments, privacy issues, utilization management practices, pharmacy benefits, access to care, and sales practices, among others. Some of these reviews have historically resulted in fines imposed on us and some have required changes to some of our practices. We continue to be subject to these reviews, which could result in additional fines or other sanctions being imposed on us or additional changes in some of our practices.
We also are involved in various other lawsuits that arise, for the most part, in the ordinary course of our business operations, certain of which may be styled as class-action lawsuits. Among other matters, this litigation may include employment matters, claims of medical malpractice, bad faith, nonacceptance or termination of providers, anticompetitive practices, improper rate setting, provider contract rate and payment disputes, including disputes over reimbursement rates required by statute, disputes arising from competitive procurement process, general contractual matters, intellectual property matters, and challenges to subrogation practices. Under state guaranty assessment laws, including those related to state cooperative failures in the industry, we may be assessed (up to prescribed limits) for certain obligations to the policyholders and claimants of insolvent insurance companies that write the same line or lines of business as we do.
As a government contractor, we may also be subject to false claims litigation, such as qui tam lawsuits brought by individuals who seek to sue on behalf of the government, alleging that the government contractor submitted false claims to the government or related overpayments from the government, including, among other allegations, those resulting from coding and review practices under the Medicare risk adjustment model. Qui tam litigation is filed under seal to allow the government an opportunity to investigate and to decide if it wishes to intervene and assume control of the litigation. If the government does not intervene, the individual may continue to prosecute the action on his or her own, on behalf of the government. We also are subject to other allegations of nonperformance of
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(Unaudited)
contractual obligations to providers, members, and others, including failure to properly pay claims, improper policy terminations, challenges to our implementation of the Medicare Part D prescription drug program and other litigation.

A limited number of the claims asserted against us are subject to insurance coverage. Personal injury claims, claims for extra contractual damages, care delivery malpractice, and claims arising from medical benefit denials are covered by insurance from our wholly owned captive insurance subsidiary and excess carriers, except to the extent that claimants seek punitive damages, which may not be covered by insurance in certain states in which insurance coverage for punitive damages is not permitted. In addition, insurance coverage for all or certain forms of liability has become increasingly costly and may become unavailable or prohibitively expensive in the future.
We record accruals for the contingencies discussed in the sections above to the extent that we conclude it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. No estimate of the possible loss or range of loss in excess of amounts accrued, if any, can be made at this time regarding the matters specifically described above because of the inherently unpredictable nature of legal proceedings, which also may be exacerbated by various factors, including: (i) the damages sought in the proceedings are unsubstantiated or indeterminate; (ii) discovery is not complete; (iii) the proceeding is in its early stages; (iv) the matters present legal uncertainties; (v) there are significant facts in dispute; (vi) there are a large number of parties (including where it is uncertain how liability, if any, will be shared among multiple defendants); or (vii) there is a wide range of potential outcomes.
The outcome of any current or future litigation or governmental or internal investigations, including the matters described above, cannot be accurately predicted, nor can we predict any resulting judgments, penalties, fines or other sanctions that may be imposed at the discretion of federal or state regulatory authorities or as a result of actions by third parties. Nevertheless, it is reasonably possible that any such outcome of litigation, judgments, penalties, fines or other sanctions could be substantial, and the outcome of these matters may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, and cash flows, and may also affect our reputation.

14. SEGMENT INFORMATION
We manage our business with three reportable segments: Retail, Group and Specialty, and Healthcare Services. The reportable segments are based on a combination of the type of health plan customer and adjacent businesses centered on well-being solutions for our health plans and other customers, as described below. These segment groupings are consistent with information used by our Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Decision Maker, to assess performance and allocate resources.
The Retail segment consists of Medicare benefits, marketed to individuals or directly via group Medicare accounts. In addition, the Retail segment also includes our contract with CMS to administer the Limited Income Newly Eligible Transition, or LI-NET, prescription drug plan program and contracts with various states to provide Medicaid, including Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, or TANF, dual eligible demonstration, and Long-Term Support Services benefits, which we refer to collectively as our state-based contracts. The Group and Specialty segment consists of employer group commercial fully-insured medical and specialty health insurance benefits marketed to individuals and employer groups, including dental, vision, and other supplemental health benefits, as well as administrative services only, or ASO products. In addition, our Group and Specialty segment includes our military services business, primarily our TRICARE T2017 East Region contract. The Healthcare Services segment includes pharmacy, provider, and home services, along with other services and capabilities to promote wellness and advance population health. The segment also includes the company's strategic partnerships with WCAS to develop and operate senior-focused, payor-agnostic, primary care centers. Services offered by this segment are designed to enhance the overall healthcare experience. These services may lead to lower utilization associated with improved member health and/or lower drug costs.
Our Healthcare Services intersegment revenues primarily relate to managing prescription drug coverage for members of our other segments through Humana Pharmacy Solutions®, or HPS, and includes the operations of Humana Pharmacy, Inc., our mail order pharmacy business. These revenues consist of the prescription price (ingredient cost plus dispensing fee), including the portion to be settled with the member (co-share) or with the
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(Unaudited)
government (subsidies), plus any associated administrative fees. Services revenue related to the distribution of prescriptions by third party retail pharmacies in our networks are recognized when the claim is processed and product revenues from dispensing prescriptions from our mail order pharmacies are recorded when the prescription or product is shipped. Our pharmacy operations, which are responsible for designing pharmacy benefits, including defining member co-share responsibilities, determining formulary listings, contracting with retail pharmacies, confirming member eligibility, reviewing drug utilization, and processing claims, act as a principal in the arrangement on behalf of members in our other segments. As principal, our Healthcare Services segment reports revenues on a gross basis, including co-share amounts from members collected by third party retail pharmacies at the point of service.
In addition, our Healthcare Services intersegment revenues include revenues earned by certain owned providers derived from risk-based and non-risk-based managed care agreements with our health plans. Under risk based agreements, the provider receives a monthly capitated fee that varies depending on the demographics and health status of the member, for each member assigned to these owned providers by our health plans. The owned provider assumes the economic risk of funding the assigned members’ healthcare services. Under non risk-based agreements, our health plans retain the economic risk of funding the assigned members' healthcare services. Our Healthcare Services segment reports provider services revenue associated with risk-based agreements on a gross basis, whereby capitation fee revenue is recognized in the period in which the assigned members are entitled to receive healthcare services. Provider services revenue associated with non-risk-based agreements are presented net of associated healthcare costs.
We present our condensed consolidated results of operations from the perspective of the health plans. As a result, the cost of providing benefits to our members, whether provided via a third party provider or internally through a stand-alone subsidiary, is classified as benefits expense and excludes the portion of the cost for which the health plans do not bear responsibility, including member co-share amounts and government subsidies of $5.4 billion and $5.0 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 these amounts were $14.2 billion and $12.9 billion, respectively. In addition, depreciation and amortization expense associated with certain businesses in our Healthcare Services segment delivering benefits to our members, primarily associated with our provider services and pharmacy operations, are included with benefits expense. The amount of this expense was $30 million and $28 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the amount of this expense was $89 million and $80 million, respectively.
Other than those described previously, the accounting policies of each segment are the same. For additional information regarding our accounting policies refer to Note 2 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K. Transactions between reportable segments primarily consist of sales of services rendered by our Healthcare Services segment, primarily pharmacy, provider, and home solutions services, to our Retail and Group and Specialty segment customers. Intersegment sales and expenses are recorded at fair value and eliminated in consolidation. Members served by our segments often use the same provider networks, enabling us in some instances to obtain more favorable contract terms with providers. Our segments also share indirect costs and assets. As a result, the profitability of each segment is interdependent. We allocate most operating expenses to our segments. Assets and certain corporate income and expenses are not allocated to the segments, including the portion of investment income not supporting segment operations, interest expense on corporate debt, and certain other corporate expenses. These items are managed at a corporate level. These corporate amounts are reported separately from our reportable segments and are included with intersegment eliminations in the tables presenting segment results below.







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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)

Our segment results were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:
RetailGroup and SpecialtyHealthcare
Services		Eliminations/
Corporate		Consolidated
Three months ended September 30, 2022(in millions)
External revenues
Premiums:
Individual Medicare Advantage$16,007 $— $— $— $16,007 
Group Medicare Advantage1,792 — — — 1,792 
Medicare stand-alone PDP534 — — — 534 
Total Medicare18,333 — — — 18,333 
Fully-insured188 912 — — 1,100 
Specialty— 425 — — 425 
Medicaid and other1,610 — — — 1,610 
Total premiums20,131 1,337 — — 21,468 
Services revenue:
Home solutions— — 519 — 519 
Provider— — 159 — 159 
ASO and other10 197 — — 207 
Pharmacy— — 274 — 274 
Total services revenue10 197 952 — 1,159 
Total external revenues 20,141 1,534 952 — 22,627 
Intersegment revenues
Services— 14 5,466 (5,480)— 
Products— — 2,459 (2,459)— 
Total intersegment revenues— 14 7,925 (7,939)— 
Investment income48 3 3 118 172 
Total revenues20,189 1,551 8,880 (7,821)22,799 
Operating expenses:
Benefits17,420 1,052 — (88)18,384 
Operating costs1,903 427 8,435 (7,704)3,061 
Depreciation and amortization137 23 50 (28)182 
Total operating expenses19,460 1,502 8,485 (7,820)21,627 
Income (loss) from operations729 49 395 (1)1,172 
Gain on sale of KAH Hospice— — (240)— (240)
Interest expense— — — 102 102 
Other expense, net— — — 13 13 
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in net earnings 729 49 635 (116)1,297 
Equity in net earnings (losses)8 — (5)— 3 
Segment earnings (loss)$737 $49 $630 $(116)$1,300 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests2 — — — 2 
Segment earnings (loss) attributable to Humana$739 $49 $630 $(116)$1,302 
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
RetailGroup and SpecialtyHealthcare
Services		Eliminations/
Corporate		Consolidated
Three months ended September 30, 2021(in millions)
External revenues
Premiums:
Individual Medicare Advantage$14,642 $— $— $— $14,642 
Group Medicare Advantage1,737 — — — 1,737 
Medicare stand-alone PDP541 — — — 541 
Total Medicare16,920 — — — 16,920 
Fully-insured185 1,052 — — 1,237 
Specialty— 432 — — 432 
Medicaid and other1,296 — — — 1,296 
Total premiums18,401 1,484 — — 19,885 
Services revenue:
Home solutions— — 374 — 374 
Provider— — 110 — 110 
ASO and other— 198 — — 198 
Pharmacy— — 163 — 163 
Total services revenue— 198 647 — 845 
Total external revenues 18,401 1,682 647 — 20,730 
Intersegment revenues
Services1 10 5,087 (5,098)— 
Products— — 2,303 (2,303)— 
Total intersegment revenues1 10 7,390 (7,401)— 
Investment income (loss)38 3 1 (75)(33)
Total revenues18,440 1,695 8,038 (7,476)20,697 
Operating expenses:
Benefits16,207 1,282 — (173)17,316 
Operating costs1,669 421 7,634 (7,121)2,603 
Depreciation and amortization108 20 46 (24)150 
Total operating expenses17,984 1,723 7,680 (7,318)20,069 
Income (loss) from operations456 (28)358 (158)628 
Interest expense— — — 88 88 
Other income, net— — — (1,096)(1,096)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in net earnings 456 (28)358 850 1,636 
Equity in net earnings— — 15 — 15 
Segment earnings (loss)$456 $(28)$373 $850 $1,651 
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
RetailGroup and SpecialtyHealthcare
Services		Eliminations/
Corporate		Consolidated
Nine months ended September 30, 2022(in millions)
External revenues
Premiums:
Individual Medicare Advantage$49,751 $— $— $— $49,751 
Group Medicare Advantage5,524 — — — 5,524 
Medicare stand-alone PDP1,779 — — — 1,779 
Total Medicare57,054 — — — 57,054 
Fully-insured555 2,827 — — 3,382 
Specialty— 1,281 — — 1,281 
Medicaid and other4,720 — — — 4,720 
Total premiums62,329 4,108 — — 66,437 
Services revenue:
Home solutions— — 1,997 — 1,997 
Provider services— — 409 — 409 
ASO and other24 588 — — 612 
Pharmacy solutions— — 754 — 754 
Total services revenue24 588 3,160 — 3,772 
Total external revenues 62,353 4,696 3,160 — 70,209 
Intersegment revenues
Services— 42 15,970 (16,012)— 
Products— — 7,394 (7,394)— 
Total intersegment revenues— 42 23,364 (23,406)— 
Investment income133 10 6 73 222 
Total revenues62,486 4,748 26,530 (23,333)70,431 
Operating expenses:
Benefits54,352 3,143 — (387)57,108 
Operating costs5,309 1,255 25,089 (22,533)9,120 
Depreciation and amortization391 68 153 (85)527 
Total operating expenses60,052 4,466 25,242 (23,005)66,755 
Income (loss) from operations2,434 282 1,288 (328)3,676 
Gain on sale of KAH Hospice— — (240)— (240)
Interest expense— — — 293 293 
Other income, net— — — (16)(16)
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in net earnings 2,434 282 1,528 (605)3,639 
Equity in net earnings (losses)16 — (15)— 1 
Segment earnings (loss)$2,450 $282 $1,513 $(605)$3,640 
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests2 — (1)— 1 
Segment earnings (loss) attributable to Humana$2,452 $282 $1,512 $(605)$3,641 

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(Unaudited)
RetailGroup and SpecialtyHealthcare
Services		Eliminations/
Corporate		Consolidated
Nine months ended September 30, 2021(in millions)
External Revenues
Premiums:
Individual Medicare Advantage$44,042 $— $— $— $44,042 
Group Medicare Advantage5,267 — — — 5,267 
Medicare stand-alone PDP1,867 — — — 1,867 
Total Medicare51,176 — — — 51,176 
Fully-insured545 3,229 — — 3,774 
Specialty— 1,298 — — 1,298 
Medicaid and other3,739 — — — 3,739 
Total premiums55,460 4,527 — — 59,987 
Services revenue:
Home solutions— — 423 — 423 
Provider services— — 298 — 298 
ASO and other17 582 — — 599 
Pharmacy solutions— — 482 — 482 
Total services revenue17 582 1,203 — 1,802 
Total external revenues 55,477 5,109 1,203 — 61,789 
Intersegment revenues
Services1 30 14,838 (14,869)— 
Products— — 6,716 (6,716)— 
Total intersegment revenues1 30 21,554 (21,585)— 
Investment income155 11 3 52 221 
Total revenues55,633 5,150 22,760 (21,533)62,010 
Operating expenses:
Benefits48,574 3,674 — (487)51,761 
Operating costs4,653 1,227 21,749 (20,903)6,726 
Depreciation and amortization320 63 127 (74)436 
Total operating expenses53,547 4,964 21,876 (21,464)58,923 
Income (loss) from operations2,086 186 884 (69)3,087 
Interest expense— — — 235 235 
Other income, net— — — (562)(562)
Income before income taxes and equity in net earnings2,086 186 884 258 3,414 
Equity in net earnings— — 69 — 69 
Segment earnings$2,086 $186 $953 $258 $3,483 

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The condensed consolidated financial statements of Humana Inc. in this document present the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows, and should be read in conjunction with the following discussion and analysis. References to “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company,” and “Humana” mean Humana Inc. and its subsidiaries. This discussion includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, in our press releases, investor presentations, and in oral statements made by or with the approval of one of our executive officers, the words or phrases like “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “likely will result,” “estimates,” “projects” or variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward–looking statements. These forward–looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including, among other things, information set forth in Item 1A. – Risk Factors in our 2021 Form 10-K, as modified by any changes to those risk factors included in this document and in other reports we filed subsequent to February 17, 2022, in each case incorporated by reference herein. In making these statements, we are not undertaking to address or update such forward-looking statements in future filings or communications regarding our business or results. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward–looking events discussed in this document might not occur. There may also be other risks that we are unable to predict at this time. Any of these risks and uncertainties may cause actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward–looking statements.
Executive Overview
General
Humana Inc., headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky, is a leading health and well-being company committed to helping our millions of medical and specialty members achieve their best health. Our successful history in care delivery and health plan administration is helping us create a new kind of integrated care with the power to improve health and well being and lower costs. Our efforts are leading to a better quality of life for people with Medicare, families, individuals, military service personnel, and communities at large. To accomplish that, we support physicians and other health care professionals as they work to deliver the right care in the right place for their patients, our members. Our range of clinical capabilities, resources and tools, such as in home care, behavioral health, pharmacy services, data analytics and wellness solutions, combine to produce a simplified experience that makes health care easier to navigate and more effective.
Our industry relies on two key statistics to measure performance. The benefit ratio, which is computed by taking
total benefits expense as a percentage of premiums revenue, represents a statistic used to measure underwriting profitability. The operating cost ratio, which is computed by taking total operating costs, excluding depreciation and amortization, as a percentage of total revenue less investment income, represents a statistic used to measure administrative spending efficiency.
Kindred at Home Acquisition
On August 17, 2021, we acquired the remaining 60% interest in Kindred at Home, or KAH, the nation’s largest home health and hospice provider, from TPG Capital, or TPG, and Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe, or WCAS, two private equity funds for an enterprise value of $8.2 billion, which included our equity value of $2.4 billion associated with our 40% minority ownership interest. We paid the approximate $5.8 billion transaction price (net of our existing equity stake) through a combination of debt financing, the assumption of existing KAH indebtedness and parent company cash.










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Sale of Hospice and Personal Care Divisions

On August 11, 2022, we completed the sale of a 60% interest of Humana’s Kindred at Home Hospice subsidiary, or KAH Hospice, to Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, or CD&R, for cash proceeds of approximately $2.7 billion, net of cash disposed, including debt repayments from KAH Hospice to Humana of $1.9 billion. In connection with the sale we recognized a pre-tax gain, net of transaction costs, of $240 million which is reported as a gain on sale of KAH Hospice in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
COVID-19
The emergence and spread of the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, beginning in the first quarter of 2020 has impacted our business. During periods of increased incidences of COVID-19, a reduction in non-COVID-19 hospital admissions for non-emergent and elective medical care have resulted in lower overall healthcare system utilization. At the same time, COVID-19 treatment and testing costs increased utilization. During 2022, we experienced lower overall utilization of the healthcare system than anticipated, as the reduction in COVID-19 utilization following the increased incidence associated with the Omicron variant outpaced the increase in non-COVID-19 utilization. The significant disruption in utilization during 2020 also impacted our ability to implement clinical initiatives to manage health care costs and chronic conditions of our members, and appropriately document their risk profiles, and, as such, significantly affected our 2021 revenue under the risk adjustment payment model for Medicare Advantage plans. Finally, changes in utilization patterns and actions taken in 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the suspension of certain financial recovery programs for a period of time and shifting the timing of claim payments and provider capitation surplus payments, impacted our claim reserve development and operating cash flows for 2021.

Value Creation Initiatives
During 2022, in order to create capacity to fund growth and investment in our Medicare Advantage business and further expansion of our Healthcare Services capabilities in 2023, we committed to drive additional value for the enterprise through cost saving, productivity initiatives, and value acceleration from previous investments. As a result of these initiatives, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded charges of $82 million and $285 million, respectively, primarily related to asset and software impairment and abandonment in the amount of $4 million and $144 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Also included in this charge was $44 million and $65 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, in future severance payments in connection with the optimization of our workforce to increase speed, agility, and the pace at which Humana must work as a large, integrated healthcare organization. We expect this liability to be primarily paid within the next 12 months and classified it as a current liability, included in trade accounts payable and accrued expenses. These charges are included within operating costs in the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and were recorded at the corporate level and not allocated to the segments. We anticipate additional charges in the remainder of the year across these same categories as additional cost saving, productivity initiatives, and value acceleration opportunities are identified.
Business Segments

We manage our business with three reportable segments: Retail, Group and Specialty, and Healthcare Services. The reportable segments are based on a combination of the type of health plan customer and adjacent businesses centered on well-being solutions for our health plans and other customers, as described below. These segment groupings are consistent with information used by our Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Decision Maker, to assess performance and allocate resources.
The Retail segment consists of Medicare benefits, marketed to individuals or directly via group Medicare accounts. In addition, the Retail segment also includes our contract with CMS to administer the Limited Income Newly Eligible Transition, or LI-NET, prescription drug plan program and contracts with various states to provide Medicaid, including Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, or TANF, dual eligible demonstration, and Long-
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Term Support Services benefits, which we refer to collectively as our state-based contracts. The Group and Specialty segment consists of employer group commercial fully-insured medical and specialty health insurance benefits marketed to individuals and employer groups, including dental, vision, and other supplemental health benefits, as well as administrative services only, or ASO products. In addition, our Group and Specialty segment includes our military services business, primarily our TRICARE T2017 East Region contract. The Healthcare Services segment includes pharmacy, provider, and home services, along with other services and capabilities to promote wellness and advance population health. The segment also includes the company's strategic partnerships with WCAS to develop and operate senior-focused, payor-agnostic, primary care centers. Services offered by this segment are designed to enhance the overall healthcare experience. These services may lead to lower utilization associated with improved member health and/or lower drug costs.
The results of each segment are measured by segment earnings, and for our Retail and Healthcare Services segments, also include equity in net earnings from our equity method investees. Transactions between reportable segments primarily consist of sales of services rendered by our Healthcare Services segment, primarily pharmacy, provider, and home solutions services, to our Retail and Group and Specialty segment customers. Intersegment sales and expenses are recorded at fair value and eliminated in consolidation. Members served by our segments often use the same provider networks, enabling us in some instances to obtain more favorable contract terms with providers. Our segments also share indirect costs and assets. As a result, the profitability of each segment is interdependent. We allocate most operating expenses to our segments. Assets and certain corporate income and expenses are not allocated to the segments, including the portion of investment income not supporting segment operations, interest expense on corporate debt, and certain other corporate expenses. These items are managed at a corporate level. These corporate amounts are reported separately from our reportable segments and are included with intersegment eliminations.
Seasonality
COVID-19 disrupted the pattern of our quarterly earnings and operating cash flows largely due to the temporary deferral of non-essential care which resulted in reductions in non-COVID-19 hospital admissions and lower overall healthcare system utilization during higher levels of COVID-19 hospital admissions. Likewise, during periods of increased incidences of COVID-19, COVID-19 treatment and testing costs increase. Similar impacts and seasonal disruptions from either higher or lower utilization are expected to persist as we respond to and recover from the COVID-19 global health crisis.
One of the product offerings of our Retail segment is Medicare stand-alone prescription drug plans, or PDPs, under the Medicare Part D program. Our quarterly Retail segment earnings and operating cash flows are impacted by the Medicare Part D benefit design and changes in the composition of our membership. The Medicare Part D benefit design results in coverage that varies as a member’s cumulative out-of-pocket costs pass through successive stages of a member’s plan period, which begins annually on January 1 for renewals. These plan designs generally result in us sharing a greater portion of the responsibility for total prescription drug costs in the early stages and less in the latter stages. As a result, the PDP benefit ratio generally decreases as the year progresses. In addition, the number of low income senior members as well as year-over-year changes in the mix of membership in our stand-alone PDP products affects the quarterly benefit ratio pattern.
In addition, the Retail segment also experiences seasonality in the operating cost ratio as a result of costs incurred in the second half of the year associated with the Medicare marketing season.
Our Group and Specialty segment also experiences seasonality in the benefit ratio pattern. However, the effect is opposite of Medicare stand-alone PDP in the Retail segment, with the Group and Specialty segment’s benefit ratio increasing as fully-insured members progress through their annual deductible and maximum out-of-pocket expenses.
2022 Highlights
•Our strategy offers our members affordable health care combined with a positive consumer experience in growing markets. At the core of this strategy is our integrated care delivery model, which unites quality care, high member engagement, and sophisticated data analytics. Our approach to primary, physician-
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directed care for our members aims to provide quality care that is consistent, integrated, cost-effective, and member-focused, provided by both employed physicians and physicians with network contract arrangements. The model is designed to improve health outcomes and affordability for individuals and for the health system as a whole, while offering our members a simple, seamless healthcare experience. We believe this strategy is positioning us for long-term growth in both membership and earnings. We offer providers a continuum of opportunities to increase the integration of care and offer assistance to providers in transitioning from a fee-for-service to a value-based arrangement. These include performance bonuses, shared savings and shared risk relationships. At September 30, 2022, approximately 3,145,200 members, or 69%, of our individual Medicare Advantage members were in value-based relationships under our integrated care delivery model, as compared to 2,979,800 members, or 68%, at September 30, 2021.
•In October 2022, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, published its updated Medicare Star Ratings for bonus year 2024 (plan year 2023). We have 4.9 million members, or 96%, of our existing Medicare Advantage membership, in contracts rated 4-stars or higher, with more than 3.0 million members in plans rated 4.5 stars or higher. Three of our contracts received a 5-star rating on CMS's 5-star rating system, including HMO plans in Louisiana, Tennessee, and Kentucky, covering approximately 356,000 members. More than 99% of retirees in our group Medicare Advantage rated plans remain in 4-star or above contracts for 2023.
•Net income was $1.2 billion, or $9.39 per diluted common share, and $1.5 billion, or $11.84 per diluted common share, for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively. Net income was $2.8 billion, or $22.16 per diluted common share, and $2.9 billion, or $22.77 per diluted common share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively. These comparisons were significantly impacted by the gain on KAH equity method investment recognized in August 2021, put/call valuation adjustments associated with non-consolidating minority interest investments, transaction and integration costs, the change in the fair value of publicly-traded equity securities, charges associated with productivity initiatives related to previously disclosed $1 billion value creation plan and the net gain on the sale of KAH Hospice. The impact of these adjustments to our consolidated income before income taxes and equity in net earnings and diluted earnings per common share was as follows for the 2022 and 2021 quarter and period:

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For the three months ended September 30,For the nine months ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Consolidated income before income taxes and equity in net earnings:
Gain on Kindred at Home equity method investment$— $(1,129)$— $(1,129)
Put/call valuation adjustments associated with our non consolidating minority interest investments13 33 (16)567 
Transaction and integration costs17 71 70 93 
Change in the fair value of publicly-traded equity securities(51)174 119 197 
Charges associated with productivity initiatives related to the previously disclosed $1 billion value creation plan82 — 285 — 
Gain on sale of KAH Hospice(240)— (240)— 
Total$(179)$(851)$218 $(272)
For the three months ended September 30,For the nine months ended September 30,
2022 (1)2021 (2)2022 (1)2021 (2)
Diluted earnings per common share:
Gain on Kindred at Home equity method investment$— $(8.74)$— $(8.73)
Put/call valuation adjustments associated with our non consolidating minority interest investments0.08 0.20 (0.10)3.38 
Transaction and integration costs0.10 0.39 0.42 0.52 
Change in the fair value of publicly-traded equity securities(0.31)1.04 0.72 1.18 
Charges associated with productivity initiatives related to the previously disclosed $1 billion value creation plan0.50 — 1.73 — 
Net gain on sale of KAH Hospice(3.03)— (1.72)— 
Total$(2.66)$(7.11)$1.05 $(3.65)

(1) The net gain on sale of KAH Hospice impact of $3.03 per diluted common share and $1.72 per diluted common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, include the $240 million pretax gain recorded on sale of KAH Hospice in August 2022 and the related income tax effects of the transaction. The 2022 period income tax impact was $0.17 per diluted common share, reflective of the $1.31 per diluted common share related to the recognition of a deferred tax liability in the second quarter of 2022 in connection with the held-for-sale classification resulting from the pending transaction, partially offset by the $1.14 per diluted common share benefit recognized in the third quarter of 2022 associated with the increase to our tax basis in both the shares sold and the shares retained at the time of the completion of the sale in August 2022. The remaining significant adjustments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 include a total cumulative net tax benefit of approximately $0.11 per diluted common share and $0.83 per diluted common share, respectively.

(2) The significant adjustments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 include a total cumulative net tax benefit of approximately $0.53 per diluted common share and $1.55 per diluted common share, respectively.







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Health Care Reform
The Health Care Reform Law enacted significant reforms to various aspects of the U.S. health insurance industry. Certain significant provisions of the Health Care Reform Law include, among others, mandated coverage requirements, mandated benefits and guarantee issuance associated with commercial medical insurance, rebates to policyholders based on minimum benefit ratios, adjustments to Medicare Advantage premiums, the establishment of federally facilitated or state-based exchanges coupled with programs designed to spread risk among insurers, and the introduction of plan designs based on set actuarial values. In addition, the Health Care Reform Law established insurance industry assessments, including an annual health insurance industry fee. The annual health insurance industry fee, which was not deductible for income tax purposes and significantly increased our effective tax rate, was in effect for 2020, but was permanently repealed beginning in calendar year 2021.
It is reasonably possible that the Health Care Reform Law and related regulations, as well as other current or future legislative, judicial or regulatory changes such as the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, or the Families First Act, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or the CARES Act, and other legislative or regulatory action taken in response to COVID-19 including restrictions on our ability to manage our provider network or otherwise operate our business, or restrictions on profitability, including reviews by regulatory bodies that may compare our Medicare Advantage profitability to our non-Medicare Advantage business profitability, or compare the profitability of various products within our Medicare Advantage business, and require that they remain within certain ranges of each other, increases in member benefits or changes to member eligibility criteria without corresponding increases in premium payments to us, or increases in regulation of our prescription drug benefit businesses, in the aggregate may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations (including restricting revenue, enrollment and premium growth in certain products and market segments, restricting our ability to expand into new markets, increasing our medical and operating costs, further lowering our Medicare payment rates and increasing our expenses associated with assessments); our financial position (including our ability to maintain the value of our goodwill); and our cash flows.
We intend for the discussion of our financial condition and results of operations that follows to assist in the understanding of our financial statements and related changes in certain key items in those financial statements from year to year, including the primary factors that accounted for those changes. Transactions between reportable segments primarily consist of sales of services rendered by our Healthcare Services segment, primarily pharmacy, provider, and home solutions services, to our Retail and Group and Specialty segment customers and are described in Note 14 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.

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Comparison of Results of Operations for 2022 and 2021
The following discussion primarily deals with our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2022, or the 2022 quarter, the three months ended September 30, 2021, or the 2021 quarter, the nine months ended September 30, 2022, or the 2022 period, and the nine months ended September 30, 2021, or the 2021 period.
Consolidated
Change
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,Three months ended September 30, 2022 vs 2021Nine months ended September 30, 2022 vs 2021
2022202120222021$%$%
($ in millions, except per common share results)
Revenues:
Premiums:
Retail$20,131 $18,401 $62,329 $55,460 $1,730 9.4 %$6,869 12.4 %
Group and Specialty1,337 1,484 4,108 4,527 (147)(9.9)%(419)(9.3)%
Total premiums21,468 19,885 66,437 59,987 1,583 8.0 %6,450 10.8 %
Services:
Retail10 — 24 17 10 100.0 %7 41.2 %
Group and Specialty197 198 588 582 (1)(0.5)%6 1.0 %
Healthcare Services952 647 3,160 1,203 305 47.1 %1,957 162.7 %
Total services1,159 845 3,772 1,802 314 37.2 %1,970 109.3 %
Investment income (loss)172 (33)222 221 205 621.2 %1 0.5 %
Total revenues22,799 20,697 70,431 62,010 2,102 10.2 %8,421 13.6 %
Operating expenses:
Benefits18,384 17,316 57,108 51,761 1,068 6.2 %5,347 10.3 %
Operating costs3,061 2,603 9,120 6,726 458 17.6 %2,394 35.6 %
Depreciation and amortization182 150 527 436 32 21.3 %91 20.9 %
Total operating expenses21,627 20,069 66,755 58,923 1,558 7.8 %7,832 13.3 %
Income from operations1,172 628 3,676 3,087 544 86.6 %589 19.1 %
Gain on sale of KAH Hospice(240)— (240)— 240 100.0 %240 100.0 %
Interest expense102 88 293 235 14 15.9 %58 24.7 %
Other expense (income), net13 (1,096)(16)(562)(1,109)(101.2)%(546)(97.2)%
Income before income taxes and equity in net earnings1,297 1,636 3,639 3,414 (339)(20.7)%225 6.6 %
Provision for income taxes107 120 820 536 (13)(10.8)%284 53.0 %
Equity in net earnings 3 15 1 69 (12)(80.0)%(68)(98.6)%
Net income$1,193 $1,531 $2,820 $2,947 $(338)(22.1)%$(127)(4.3)%
Diluted earnings per common share$9.39 $11.84 $22.16 $22.77 $(2.45)(20.7)%$(0.61)(2.7)%
Benefit ratio (a)85.6 %87.1 %86.0 %86.3 %(1.5)%(0.3)%
Operating cost ratio (b)13.5 %12.6 %13.0 %10.9 %0.9 %2.1 %
Effective tax rate8.2 %7.2 %22.5 %15.4 %1.0 %7.1 %
(a)Represents benefits expense as a percentage of premiums revenue.
(b)Represents operating costs as a percentage of total revenues less investment income.
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Premiums Revenue

Consolidated premiums revenue increased $1.6 billion, or 8.0%, from $19.9 billion in the 2021 quarter to $21.5 billion in the 2022 quarter and increased $6.5 billion, or 10.8%, from $60.0 billion in the 2021 period to $66.4 billion in the 2022 period primarily due to individual Medicare Advantage and state-based contracts membership growth and higher per member individual Medicare Advantage premiums, partially offset by declining year-over-year membership associated with the group commercial medical products and the phase-out of COVID-19 sequestration relief in the 2022 period.
Services Revenue
Consolidated services revenue increased $314 million, or 37.2%, from $845 million in the 2021 quarter to $1.2 billion in the 2022 quarter and increased $2.0 billion, or 109.3%, from $1.8 billion in the 2021 period to $3.8 billion in the 2022 period primarily due to the impact of home solutions revenues which reflects the acquisition of the remaining 60% interest in KAH during August 2021 partially offset by the divestiture of the 60% ownership of KAH Hospice during August 2022.
Investment Income
Investment income increased $205 million, or 621.2%, from a $33 million loss in the 2021 quarter to $172 million of income in the 2022 quarter primarily due to lower mark to market losses on our publicly traded equity securities during the 2022 quarter compared to the 2021 quarter and higher interest income on our debt securities. Investment income increased $1 million, or 0.5%, from $221 million in the 2021 period to $222 million in the 2022 period.
Benefit Expense    
Consolidated benefits expense increased $1.1 billion, or 6.2%, from $17.3 billion in the 2021 quarter to $18.4 billion in the 2022 quarter and increased $5.3 billion, or 10.3%, from $51.8 billion in the 2021 period to $57.1 billion in the 2022 period. The consolidated benefit ratio decreased 150 basis points from 87.1% for the 2021 quarter to 85.6% for the 2022 quarter and decreased 30 basis points from 86.3% for the 2021 period to 86.0% for the 2022 period primarily due to higher per member individual Medicare Advantage premiums and lower inpatient utilization associated with the individual Medicare Advantage business. These factors were partially offset by lower favorable prior-period medical claims reserve development. Further, the 2022 quarter and period ratios reflect a shift in line of business mix, with continued growth in certain government programs, which carry a higher benefits expense ratio, combined with a decline in Medicare stand-alone PDP, which has a lower benefits expense ratio.

Consolidated benefits expense included $7 million of favorable prior-period medical claims reserve development in the 2022 quarter and $49 million of favorable prior-period medical claims development in the 2021 quarter. Consolidated benefits expense included $404 million of favorable prior-period medical claims reserve development in the 2022 period and $768 million of favorable prior-period medical claims reserve development in the 2021 period. Prior-period medical claims reserve development did not impact the consolidated benefit ratio in the 2022 quarter and decreased the consolidated benefit ratio by approximately 20 basis points in the 2021 quarter. Prior-period medical claims reserve development decreased the consolidated benefit ratio by approximately 60 basis points in the 2022 period and decreased the consolidated benefit ratio by approximately 130 basis points in the 2021 period.

Operating Costs
Our segments incur both direct and shared indirect operating costs. We allocate the indirect costs shared by the segments primarily as a function of revenues. As a result, the profitability of each segment is interdependent.
Consolidated operating costs increased $458 million, or 17.6%, from $2.6 billion in the 2021 quarter to $3.1 billion in the 2022 quarter and increased $2.4 billion, or 35.6%, from $6.7 billion in the 2021 period to $9.1 billion in the 2022 period. The consolidated operating cost ratio increased 90 basis points from 12.6% for the 2021 quarter
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to 13.5% for the 2022 quarter and increased 210 basis points from 10.9% for the 2021 period to 13.0% for the 2022 period primarily due to the impact of the consolidation of KAH operations, which have a significantly higher operating cost ratio than our historical consolidated operating cost ratio, as well as the $285 million in charges related to productivity initiatives in the 2022 period, primarily related to asset and software impairment and abandonment and severance. These increases were partially offset by scale efficiencies associated with growth in individual Medicare Advantage membership.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization increased $32 million, or 21.3%, from $150 million in the 2021 quarter to $182 million in the 2022 quarter and increased $91 million, or 20.9%, from $436 million in the 2021 period to $527 million in the 2022 period primarily due to capital expenditures.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased $14 million, or 15.9%, from $88 million in the 2021 quarter to $102 million in the 2022 quarter and increased $58 million, or 24.7%, from $235 million in the 2021 period to $293 million in the 2022 period from borrowings to finance the KAH acquisition.
Income Taxes
The effective income tax rate was 8.2% and 7.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and 2021, respectively, and 22.5% and 15.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The year-over-year increase in the effective income tax rates is primarily due to the impact of the August 2021 acquisition of the remaining 60% interest in KAH. In that period, we recognized a $1.1 billion mark-to-market gain related to our previously held 40% investment in KAH. This unrealized gain was not taxable, thereby reducing the effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase is partially offset by the August 2022 disposition of our 60% interest in KAH Hospice, which resulted in an increase to our tax basis in both the shares sold and the shares retained, thereby reducing the effective income tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.














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Retail Segment
 September 30,Change
 20222021Members%
Membership:
Medical membership:
Individual Medicare Advantage4,564,200 4,397,300 166,900 3.8 %
Group Medicare Advantage564,600 559,800 4,800 0.9 %
Medicare stand-alone PDP3,569,100 3,638,400 (69,300)(1.9)%
Total Retail Medicare8,697,900 8,595,500 102,400 1.2 %
State-based Medicaid and other1,098,900 909,100 189,800 20.9 %
Medicare Supplement316,500 332,000 (15,500)(4.7)%
Total Retail medical members10,113,300 9,836,600 276,700 2.8 %
Change
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,Three months ended September 30, 2022 vs 2021Nine months ended September 30, 2022 vs 2021
2022202120222021$%$%
($ in millions)
Premiums and Services Revenue:
Premiums:
Individual Medicare Advantage$16,007 $14,642 $49,751 $44,042 $1,365 9.3 %$5,709 13.0 %
Group Medicare Advantage1,792 1,737 5,524 5,267 55 3.2 %257 4.9 %
Medicare stand-alone PDP534 541 1,779 1,867 (7)(1.3)%(88)(4.7)%
Total Retail Medicare18,333 16,920 57,054 51,176 1,413 8.4 %5,878 11.5 %
State-based Medicaid and other1,610 1,296 4,720 3,739 314 24.2 %981 26.2 %
Medicare Supplement 188 185 555 545 3 1.6 %10 1.8 %
Total premiums20,131 18,401 62,329 55,460 1,730 9.4 %6,869 12.4 %
Services10 — 24 17 10 100.0 %7 41.2 %
Total premiums and services revenue$20,141 $18,401 $62,353 $55,477 $1,740 9.5 %$6,876 12.4 %
Segment earnings $737 $456 $2,450 $2,086 $281 61.6 %$364 17.4 %
Benefit ratio86.5 %88.1 %87.2 %87.6 %(1.6)%(0.4)%
Operating cost ratio9.4 %9.1 %8.5 %8.4 %0.3 %0.1 %
Segment Earnings
Retail segment earnings increased $281 million, or 61.6%, from $456 million in the 2021 quarter to $737 million in the 2022 quarter and increased $364 million, or 17.4%, from $2.1 billion in the 2021 period to $2.5 billion in the 2022 period primarily due to the same factors impacting the segment's lower benefit ratio offset by the same factors impacting the segment's higher operating cost ratio as more fully described below.
Enrollment
Individual Medicare Advantage membership increased 166,900 members, or 3.8%, from September 30, 2021 to September 30, 2022 primarily due to membership additions associated with the previous Annual Election Period, or AEP. The year-over-year growth was further impacted by continued enrollment resulting from special elections, age-ins, and Dual Eligible Special Need Plans, or D-SNP, membership. Individual Medicare Advantage membership
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includes 667,000 D-SNP members as of September 30, 2022, a net increase of 105,700, or 18.8%, from 561,300 as of September 30, 2021.
Group Medicare Advantage membership increased 4,800 members, or 0.9%, from September 30, 2021 to September 30, 2022 reflecting smaller account sales and organic growth in concurrent accounts with no large accounts won or lost for the period.
Medicare stand-alone PDP membership decreased 69,300 members, or 1.9%, from September 30, 2021 to September 30, 2022 primarily due to continued intensified competition for Medicare stand-alone PDP offerings.
State-based Medicaid membership increased 189,800 members, or 20.9%, from September 30, 2021 to September 30, 2022 reflecting the suspension of state eligibility redetermination efforts due to the currently enacted public health emergency, or PHE.
Premiums Revenue
Retail segment premiums revenue increased $1.7 billion, or 9.4%, from $18.4 billion in the 2021 quarter to $20.1 billion in the 2022 quarter and increased $6.9 billion, or 12.4%, from $55.5 billion in the 2021 period to $62.3 billion in the 2022 period primarily due to individual Medicare Advantage and state-based contracts membership growth and higher per member individual Medicare Advantage premiums partially offset by the phase-out of COVID-19 sequestration relief in the 2022 period.
Benefits Expense
The Retail segment benefit ratio decreased 160 basis points from 88.1% for the 2021 quarter to 86.5% for the 2022 quarter and decreased 40 basis points from 87.6% for the 2021 period to 87.2% for the 2022 period primarily due to the favorable impact of higher per member individual Medicare Advantage premiums and lower inpatient utilization associated with the individual Medicare Advantage business. These factors were partially offset by lower favorable prior-period medical claims reserve development. Further, the 2022 quarter and period ratios reflect a shift in line of business mix within the segment, with growth in individual Medicare Advantage and state-based contracts and other membership, which carry a higher benefits expense ratio, combined with a decline in Medicare stand-alone PDP, which has a lower benefits expense ratio.
The Retail segment's benefits expense included $12 million of favorable prior-period medical claims reserve development in the 2022 quarter and $54 million of favorable prior-period medical claims reserve development in the 2021 quarter. The Retail segment’s benefit expense included $379 million of favorable prior-period medical claims reserve development in the 2022 period and $673 million of favorable prior-period medical claims reserve development in the 2021 period. Prior-period medical claims reserve development decreased the Retail segment's benefit ratio by approximately 10 basis points in the 2022 quarter and decreased the Retail segment's benefit ratio by approximately 30 basis points in the 2021 quarter. Prior-period medical claims reserve development decreased the Retail segment benefit ratio by approximately 60 basis points in the 2022 period and decreased the Retail segment benefit ratio by approximately 120 basis points in the 2021 period.
Operating Costs
The Retail segment operating cost ratio increased 30 basis points from 9.1% for the 2021 quarter to 9.4% for the 2022 quarter and increased 10 basis points from 8.4% for the 2021 period to 8.5% for the 2022 period primarily due to strategic investments to position the segment for long-term success, including the impact of higher marketing spend in the 2022 period to support individual Medicare Advantage growth. These factors were partially offset by scale efficiencies associated with growth in the individual Medicare Advantage membership.
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Group and Specialty Segment
September 30,Change
20222021Members%
Membership:
Medical membership:
Fully-insured commercial group574,500 690,000 (115,500)(16.7)%
ASO438,600 496,500 (57,900)(11.7)%
Military services5,977,900 6,051,700 (73,800)(1.2)%
Total group medical members6,991,000 7,238,200 (247,200)(3.4)%
Specialty membership (a)5,210,100 5,313,100 (103,000)(1.9)%
(a)We provide a full range of insured specialty products including dental, vision, and life insurance benefits marketed to individuals and groups. Members included in these products may not be unique to each product since members have the ability to enroll in a medical product and one or more specialty products.
Change
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,Three months ended September 30, 2022 vs 2021Nine months ended September 30, 2022 vs 2021
2022202120222021$%$%
($ in millions)
Premiums and Services Revenue:
Premiums:
Fully-insured commercial group$912 $1,052 $2,827 $3,229 $(140)(13.3)%$(402)(12.4)%
Group specialty425 432 1,281 1,298 (7)(1.6)%(17)(1.3)%
Total premiums1,337 1,484 4,108 4,527 (147)(9.9)%(419)(9.3)%
Services197 198 588 582 (1)(0.5)%6 1.0 %
Total premiums and services revenue$1,534 $1,682 $4,696 $5,109 $(148)(8.8)%$(413)(8.1)%
Segment earnings (loss)$49 $(28)$282 $186 $77 275.0 %$96 51.6 %
Benefit ratio78.7 %86.4 %76.5 %81.2 %(7.7)%(4.7)%
Operating cost ratio27.6 %24.9 %26.5 %23.9 %2.7 %2.6 %

Segment Earnings
Group and Specialty segment earnings increased $77 million, or 275.0%, from a $28 million loss in the 2021 quarter to $49 million in earnings in the 2022 quarter and increased $96 million, or 51.6%, from $186 million in the 2021 period to $282 million in the 2022 period primarily due to the same factors impacting the segment's lower benefit ratio partially offset by the same factors impacting the segment's higher operating ratio as more fully described below.
Enrollment
Fully-insured commercial group medical membership decreased 115,500 members, or 16.7%, from September 30, 2021 to September 30, 2022 reflecting the impact of pricing discipline to address COVID-19 and improve profitability.
Group ASO commercial medical membership decreased 57,900 members, or 11.7%, from September 30, 2021 to September 30, 2022 reflecting continued intensified competition for small group accounts, partially offset by strong retention among large group accounts.
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Military services membership decreased 73,800 members, or 1.2%, from September 30, 2021 to September 30, 2022. Membership includes military service members, retirees, and their families to whom we are providing healthcare services under the current TRICARE East Region contract.
Specialty membership decreased 103,000 members, or 1.9%, from September 30, 2021 to September 30, 2022 primarily due to the loss of dental and vision groups cross-sold with medical, as reflected in the loss of group fully-insured commercial medical membership above. In addition, current membership reflects the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Premiums Revenue
Group and Specialty segment premiums revenue decreased $147 million, or 9.9%, from $1.5 billion in the 2021 quarter to $1.3 billion in the 2022 quarter and decreased $419 million, or 9.3%, from $4.5 billion in the 2021 period to $4.1 billion in the 2022 period primarily due to the decline in our fully-insured commercial medical and ASO commercial membership, partially offset by higher per member premiums across the fully-insured commercial business.
Services Revenue
Group and Specialty segment services revenue decreased $1 million, or 0.5%, from $198 million in the 2021 quarter to $197 million in the 2022 quarter and increased $6 million, or 1.0%, from $582 million in the 2021 period to $588 million in the 2022 period.
Benefits Expense
The Group and Specialty segment benefit ratio decreased 770 basis points from 86.4% in the 2021 quarter to 78.7% in the 2022 quarter and decreased 470 basis points from 81.2% in the 2021 period to 76.5% in the 2022 period primarily due to the impact of the specialty product's lower benefit ratio, as the segment results now reflect a higher mix of the specialty business, pricing and benefit design efforts to address COVID-19 and increase profitability, a less severe COVID-19 impact in the 2022 period compared to the elevated impact in the 2021 period, including the Delta variant in the 2021 quarter, and the enrolled population's higher vaccination rate in 2022 compared to 2021. These factors were partially offset by lower prior-period medical claims reserve development.
The Group and Specialty segment's benefits expense included $5 million of unfavorable prior-period medical claims reserve development in the 2022 quarter and $5 million of unfavorable prior-period medical claims reserve development in the 2021 quarter. The Group and Specialty segment's benefits expense included $25 million of favorable prior-period medical claims reserve development in the 2022 period and $95 million of favorable prior-period medical claims reserve development in the 2021 period. Prior-period medical claims reserve development increased the Group and Specialty segment benefit ratio by approximately 40 basis points in the 2022 quarter and increased the Group Specialty segment benefit ratio by approximately 30 basis points in the 2021 quarter. Prior-period medical claims reserve development decreased the Group and Specialty segment benefit ratio by approximately 60 basis points in the 2022 period and decreased the Group and Specialty segment benefit ratio by approximately 210 basis points in the 2021 period.
Operating Costs
The Group and Specialty segment operating cost ratio increased 270 basis points from 24.9% for the 2021 quarter to 27.6% for the 2022 quarter and increased 260 basis points from 23.9% in the 2021 period to 26.5% in the 2022 period primarily due to the impact of membership declining at a greater rate than the decline in absolute administrative expenses, as well as a greater proportion of membership associated with our ASO commercial, Military services, and specialty businesses, each of which have a higher operating cost ratio than the fully-insured commercial product. The increase further reflects investments in the Military services business across demonstration programs, partners service contracts and in preparation for the next generation of the United States Department of Defense's TRICARE contracts, as well as investments in the specialty business to promote growth.
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Healthcare Services Segment
Change
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,Three months ended September 30, 2022 vs 2021Nine months ended September 30, 2022 vs 2021
2022202120222021$%$%
($ in millions)
Revenues:
Services:
Home solutions$519 $374 $1,997 $423 $145 38.8 %$1,574 372.1 %
Pharmacy solutions274 163 754 482 111 68.1 %272 56.4 %
Provider services159 110 409 298 49 44.5 %111 37.2 %
Total services revenue952 647 3,160 1,203 305 47.1 %1,957 162.7 %
Intersegment revenues:
Home solutions223 191 639 452 32 16.8 %187 41.4 %
Pharmacy solutions6,966 6,569 20,464 19,244 397 6.0 %1,220 6.3 %
Provider services736 630 2,261 1,858 106 16.8 %403 21.7 %
Total intersegment revenues7,925 7,390 23,364 21,554 535 7.2 %1,810 8.4 %
Total services and intersegment revenues$8,877 $8,037 $26,524 $22,757 $840 10.5 %$3,767 16.6 %
Segment earnings $630 $373 $1,513 $953 $257 68.9 %$560 58.8 %
Operating cost ratio95.0 %95.0 %94.6 %95.6 %— %(1.0)%

Segment Earnings

Healthcare Services segment earnings increased $257 million, or 68.9%, from $373 million in the 2021 quarter to $630 million in the 2022 quarter and increased $560 million, or 58.8%, from $953 million in the 2021 period to $1.5 billion in the 2022 period primarily due to the same factors impacting the increase in services revenue and intersegment revenues as well as the same factors impacting the segment's lower operating cost ratio in the 2022 period as more fully described below.
Script Volume
Humana Pharmacy Solutions script volumes on an adjusted 30-day equivalent basis increased to approximately 134 million in the 2022 quarter, up 3.1%, versus scripts of approximately 130 million in the 2021 quarter and increased to approximately 398 million in the 2022 period, up 3.7%, versus scripts of approximately 384 million in the 2021 period primarily due to individual Medicare Advantage membership growth and higher utilization in PDP offset by the decline in fully-insured commercial and ASO membership.
Services Revenue
Services revenue increased $305 million, or 47.1%, from $647 million in the 2021 quarter to $952 million in the 2022 quarter and increased $2.0 billion, or 162.7%, from $1.2 billion in the 2021 period to $3.2 billion in the 2022 period primarily due to the impact of home solutions revenues which reflects the acquisition of the remaining 60% interest in KAH during August 2021 partially offset by the divestiture of the 60% ownership of KAH Hospice during August 2022.
Intersegment Revenues
Intersegment revenues increased $535 million, or 7.2%, from $7.4 billion in the 2021 quarter to $7.9 billion in the 2022 quarter and increased $1.8 billion, or 8.4%, from $21.6 billion in the 2021 period to $23.4 billion in the
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2022 period primarily due to individual Medicare Advantage and state-based contracts membership growth leading to higher pharmacy revenues, the impact of greater mail-order pharmacy penetration, as well as higher revenues associated with growth in our provider business.
Operating Costs
The Healthcare Services segment operating cost ratio was unchanged at 95.0% for the 2021 quarter and the 2022 quarter and decreased 100 basis points from 95.6% for the 2021 period to 94.6% for the 2022 period primarily due to the consolidation of KAH operations for the entire 2022 period compared to the partial 2021 period due to timing of the previously disclosed transaction. The KAH operations have a lower operating cost ratio than other businesses within the segment. The decrease further reflects favorability in our pharmacy operations partially offset by investments in KAH to abate the pressures of the current nursing labor environment.

Liquidity
Historically, our primary sources of cash have included receipts of premiums, services revenue, and investment and other income, as well as proceeds from the sale or maturity of our investment securities, and borrowings. Our primary uses of cash historically have included disbursements for claims payments, operating costs, interest on borrowings, taxes, purchases of investment securities, acquisitions, capital expenditures, repayments on borrowings, dividends, and share repurchases. As premiums generally are collected in advance of claim payments by a period of up to several months, our business normally should produce positive cash flows during periods of increasing premiums and enrollment. Conversely, cash flows would be negatively impacted during periods of decreasing premiums and enrollment. From period to period, our cash flows may also be affected by the timing of working capital items including premiums receivable, benefits payable, and other receivables and payables. Our cash flows are impacted by the timing of payments to and receipts from CMS associated with Medicare Part D subsidies for which we do not assume risk. The use of cash flows may be limited by regulatory requirements of state departments of insurance (or comparable state regulators) which require, among other items, that our regulated subsidiaries maintain minimum levels of capital and seek approval before paying dividends from the subsidiaries to the parent. Our use of cash flows derived from our non-insurance subsidiaries, such as in our Healthcare Services segment, is generally not restricted by state departments of insurance (or comparable state regulators).
For additional information regarding our liquidity risk, refer to Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in our 2021 Form 10-K and Part II, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" of this Form 10-Q.
Cash and cash equivalents increased to approximately $13.6 billion at September 30, 2022 from $3.4 billion at December 31, 2021. The change in cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 is summarized as follows:
Nine Months Ended
20222021
 (in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities$9,714 $2,358 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities6 (6,454)
Net cash provided by financing activities444 3,727 
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$10,164 $(369)
Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Cash flows provided by operations of $9.7 billion in the 2022 period increased $7.4 billion from cash flows provided by operations of $2.4 billion in the 2021 period. Our operating cash flows for the 2022 period was significantly impacted by the early receipt of the Medicare premium remittance of $5.8 billion in September 2022 because the payment date for October 2022 fell on a weekend. Generally, when the first day of a month falls on a weekend or holiday, with the exception of January 1 (New Year's Day), we receive this payment at the end of the previous month. This also resulted in an increase to unearned revenues in our condensed consolidated balance sheet
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at September 30, 2022. Our operating cash flows for the 2022 period were positively impacted by higher earnings, exclusive of the gain on the sale of KAH Hospice recognized in the 2022 period and the gain on the KAH equity method investment recognized in the 2021 period, combined with the 2021 period impact associated with the pay down of claims inventory and capitation for provider surplus amounts earned in 2020 and additional provider support.
The most significant drivers of changes in our working capital are typically the timing of payments of benefits expense and receipts for premiums. Benefits expense includes claim payments, capitation payments, pharmacy costs net of rebates, allocations of certain centralized expenses and various other costs incurred to provide health insurance coverage to members, as well as estimates of future payments to hospitals and others for medical care and other supplemental benefits provided on or prior to the balance sheet date. For additional information regarding our benefits payable and benefits expense recognition, refer to Note 2 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" in our 2021 Form 10-K.
The detail of total net receivables at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and reconciliation to cash flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was as follows:
September 30, 2022December 31, 20212022 Period Change2021 Period Change
 (in millions)
Medicare$1,218 $1,214 $4 $254 
Commercial and other354 579 (225)490 
Military services108 104 4 7 
Allowances(71)(83)12 (10)
Total net receivables$1,609 $1,814 $(205)$741 
Reconciliation to cash flow statement:
Receivables from acquisition— (447)
Receivables disposed194 
Change in receivables per cash flow statement $(11)$294 

The changes in Medicare receivables for both the 2022 period and the 2021 period reflect individual Medicare Advantage membership growth and the typical pattern caused by the timing of accruals and related collections associated with the CMS risk-adjustment model. Significant collections occur with the mid-year and final settlements with CMS in the second and third quarter. We received the 2022 mid-year settlement of approximately $2.0 billion in July 2022. The decrease in Commercial and other receivables and the allowance for doubtful accounts for the 2022 period primarily relates to the KAH Hospice disposition. The increase in Commercial and other receivables and the allowance for doubtful accounts for the 2021 period primarily relates to the Kindred at Home acquisition in the 2021 period.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities
During the 2022 period, we acquired various businesses totaling to approximately $293 million, net of cash and cash equivalents received.
During the 2021 period, we acquired KAH and other various health and wellness related businesses for cash consideration of approximately $4.0 billion, net of cash received.

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During the 2022 period, we completed the sale of a 60% interest of KAH Hospice to CD&R for cash proceeds of approximately $2.7 billion, net of cash disposed, including debt repayments from KAH Hospice to Humana of $1.9 billion. In connection with the sale we recognized a pre-tax gain, net of transaction costs, of $240 million which is reported as a gain on sale of KAH Hospice in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Our ongoing capital expenditures primarily relate to our information technology initiatives, support of services in our provider services operations including medical and administrative facility improvements necessary for activities such as the provision of care to members, claims processing, billing and collections, wellness solutions, care coordination, regulatory compliance and customer service. Total capital expenditures, excluding acquisitions, were $862 million in the 2022 period and $945 million in the 2021 period.

Net purchases of investment securities were $1.5 billion in the 2022 period and net purchases of investment securities were $1.6 billion in the 2021 period.
Cash Flow from Financing Activities
Receipts from CMS associated with Medicare Part D claim subsidies for which we do not assume risk were higher than claim payments by $3.7 billion and $624 million in the 2022 and 2021 periods, respectively.
Under our administrative services only TRICARE contracts, reimbursements from the federal government exceeded health care costs payments for which we do not assume risk by $60 million in the 2022 period and health care costs payments for which we do not assume risk exceeded reimbursements from the federal government by $19 million in the 2021 period.
On August 16, 2022, we repaid the $2.0 billion October 2021 Term Loan Agreement without a prepayment penalty due.

In August 2021, we borrowed $500 million under the delayed draw term loan agreement and repaid $150 million of term loan borrowings.

Net repayments from the issuance of commercial paper were $660 million in the 2022 period and net proceeds from the issuance of commercial paper were $193 million in the 2021 period. The maximum principal amount outstanding at any one time during the 2022 period was $1.5 billion.
In March 2022, we issued $750 million of 3.700% unsecured senior notes due March 23, 2029. Our net proceeds, reduced for the underwriters' discounts and commissions paid, were $744 million.
On January 11, 2022, we entered into the January 2022 ASR Agreements with Mizuho and Wells Fargo to repurchase $1 billion of our common stock as part of the $3 billion repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors on February 18, 2021. On January 12, 2022, we made a payment of $1 billion and received an initial delivery of 2.2 million shares of our common stock.
We acquired common shares in connection with employee stock plans for an aggregate cost of $32 million in the 2022 period and $36 million in the 2021 period.
We paid dividends to stockholders of $291 million during the 2022 period and $263 million during the 2021 period.
The remainder of the cash used in or provided by financing activities in 2022 and 2021 primarily resulted from the change in book overdraft.



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Future Sources and Uses of Liquidity
Dividends
For additional information regarding our dividends to stockholders, refer to Note 10 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, "Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.
Stock Repurchases
For additional information regarding stock repurchases, refer to Note 10 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, "Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.
Debt
For additional information regarding debt, including our senior notes, term loans, revolving credit agreements, commercial paper program and other short-term borrowings, refer to Note 12 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, "Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.
Divestiture
On August 11, 2022, we completed the sale of a 60% interest of KAH Hospice to CD&R for cash proceeds of approximately $2.7 billion, net of cash received, including debt repayments from KAH Hospice to Humana of $1.9 billion. In connection with the sale we recognized a pre-tax gain, net of transaction costs, of $240 million which is reported as a gain on sale of KAH Hospice in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
For additional information regarding the divestiture, refer to Note 3 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, "Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.
Liquidity Requirements
We believe our cash balances, investment securities, operating cash flows, and funds available under our credit agreement and our commercial paper program or from other public or private financing sources, taken together, provide adequate resources to fund ongoing operating and regulatory requirements, acquisitions, future expansion opportunities, and capital expenditures for at least the next twelve months, as well as to refinance or repay debt, and repurchase shares.
Adverse changes in our credit rating may increase the rate of interest we pay and may impact the amount of credit available to us in the future. Our investment-grade credit rating at September 30, 2022 was BBB+ according to Standard & Poor’s Rating Services, or S&P, and Baa3 according to Moody’s Investors Services, Inc., or Moody’s. A downgrade by S&P to BB+ or by Moody’s to Ba1 triggers an interest rate increase of 25 basis points with respect to $250 million of our senior notes. Successive one notch downgrades increase the interest rate an additional 25 basis points, or annual interest expense by less than $1 million, up to a maximum 100 basis points, or annual interest expense by $3 million.
In addition, we operate as a holding company in a highly regulated industry. Humana Inc., our parent company, is dependent upon dividends and administrative expense reimbursements from our subsidiaries, most of which are subject to regulatory restrictions. We continue to maintain significant levels of aggregate excess statutory capital and surplus in our state-regulated operating subsidiaries. Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments at the parent company were $1.2 billion at September 30, 2022 compared to $1.3 billion at December 31, 2021. This decrease primarily was due to the repayment of the October 2021 Term Loan Agreement, common stock repurchases, capital expenditures, repayment of borrowings under the commercial paper program, cash dividends to shareholders, capital contributions to certain subsidiaries and acquisitions, partially offset by net proceeds from the senior notes, proceeds from the sale of investment securities as well as earnings and cash proceeds from the sale of KAH Hospice within our non-regulated Healthcare Services subsidiaries. Our use of operating cash derived from our non-insurance
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subsidiaries, such as our Healthcare Services segment, is generally not restricted by departments of insurance (or comparable state regulators).
Regulatory Requirements
Certain of our subsidiaries operate in states that regulate the payment of dividends, loans, or other cash transfers to Humana Inc., our parent company, and require minimum levels of equity as well as limit investments to approved securities. The amount of dividends that may be paid to Humana Inc. by these subsidiaries, without prior approval by state regulatory authorities, or ordinary dividends, is limited based on the entity’s level of statutory income and statutory capital and surplus. If the dividend, together with other dividends paid within the preceding twelve months, exceeds a specified statutory limit or is paid from sources other than earned surplus, it is generally considered an extraordinary dividend requiring prior regulatory approval. In most states, prior notification is provided before paying a dividend even if approval is not required.
Although minimum required levels of equity are largely based on premium volume, product mix, and the quality of assets held, minimum requirements vary significantly at the state level. Based on the most recently filed statutory financial statements as of June 30, 2022, our state regulated subsidiaries had aggregate statutory capital and surplus of approximately $11.0 billion, which exceeded aggregate minimum regulatory requirements of $7.9 billion. The amount, timing and mix of ordinary and extraordinary dividend payments will vary due to state regulatory requirements, the level of excess statutory capital and surplus and expected future surplus requirements related to, for example, premium volume and product mix.
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Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Our earnings and financial position are exposed to financial market risk, including those resulting from changes in interest rates.
Interest rate risk also represents a market risk factor affecting our consolidated financial position due to our significant investment portfolio, consisting primarily of fixed maturity securities of investment-grade quality with a weighted average S&P credit rating of AA at September 30, 2022. Our net unrealized position decreased $1,962 million from a net unrealized gain position of $57 million at December 31, 2021 to a net unrealized loss position of $1,905 million at September 30, 2022. At September 30, 2022, we had gross unrealized losses of $1,906 million on our investment portfolio primarily due to an increase in market interest rates since the time the securities were purchased. There were no material credit allowances during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. While we believe that these securities in an unrealized loss will recover in value over time and we currently do not have the intent to sell such securities, given the current market conditions and the significant judgments involved, there is a continuing risk that future declines in fair value may occur and material realized losses from sales or credit allowances may be recorded in future periods.
Duration is the time-weighted average of the present value of the bond portfolio’s cash flow. Duration is indicative of the relationship between changes in fair value and changes in interest rates, providing a general indication of the sensitivity of the fair values of our fixed maturity securities to changes in interest rates. However, actual fair values may differ significantly from estimates based on duration. The average duration of our investment portfolio, including cash and cash equivalents, was approximately 2.9 years as of September 30, 2022 and approximately 3.6 years as of December 31, 2021. The decrease in the average duration is reflective of various portfolio management activities and the increased holdings of cash and cash equivalents. Based on the duration, including cash equivalents, a 1% increase in interest rates would generally decrease the fair value of our securities by approximately $794 million at September 30, 2022.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, our Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, and our Principal Accounting Officer, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures for the quarter ended September 30, 2022.
Based on our evaluation, our CEO, CFO, and our Principal Accounting Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information the Company is required to disclose in its reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, including, without limitation, ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.


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Part II. Other Information

Item 1.     Legal Proceedings
For additional information regarding legal proceedings pending against us and certain other pending or threatened litigation, investigations or other matters, refer to “Legal Proceedings and Certain Regulatory Matters” in Note 13 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, "Financial Statements" of this Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no changes to the risk factors included in our 2021 Form 10-K.

Item 2.     Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a)None.
(b)N/A
(c)The following table provides information about our purchases of equity securities that are registered by us pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, during the three months ended September 30, 2022:
PeriodTotal Number
of Shares
Purchased (1)(2)		Average
Price Paid
per Share		Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs (1)(2)		Dollar Value of
Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans
or Programs (1)
July 2022— $— — $2,000,000,000 
August 2022— — — 2,000,000,000 
September 2022— — — 2,000,000,000 
Total— $— — 
(1)On January 11, 2022, we entered into separate accelerated stock repurchase agreements, the January 2022 ASR Agreements, with Mizuho Markets Americas LLC, or Mizuho, and Wells Fargo Bank, or Wells Fargo, to repurchase $1 billion of our common stock as part of the $3 billion repurchase program authorized by the Board of Directors on February 18, 2021. On January 12, 2022, in accordance with the January 2022 ASR Agreements, we made a payment of $1 billion ($500 million to Mizuho and $500 million to Wells Fargo) and received an initial delivery of 2.2 million shares of our common stock (1.08 million shares each from Mizuho and Wells Fargo). In January 2022, we recorded the payments to Mizuho and Wells Fargo as a reduction to stockholders’ equity, consisting of an $850 million increase in treasury stock, which reflects the value of the initial 2.2 million shares received upon initial settlement, and a $150 million decrease in capital in excess of par value, which reflects the value of stock held back by Mizuho and Wells Fargo pending final settlement of the January 2022 ASR Agreements. Upon final settlement of the January 2022 ASR Agreements with Mizuho and Wells Fargo on March 29, 2022 and March 30, 2022, respectively, we received an additional 0.1 million shares and 0.1 million shares, respectively, as determined by the average daily volume weighted-averages share price of our common stock during the term of the agreement, less a discount, of $410.96 and $411.66, respectively, bringing the total shares received under the January 2022 ASR Agreements to 2.4 million. In addition, upon settlement we reclassified the $150 million value of stock initially held back by Mizuho and Wells Fargo from capital in excess of par value to treasury stock. Our remaining repurchase authorization was $2 billion as of November 1, 2022.
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(2)Excludes 73,567 shares repurchased in connection with employee stock plans.

Item 3.     Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.

Item 4.     Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.

Item 5.     Other Information
None.
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Item 6:     Exhibits
3(i)
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Humana Inc. filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on November 9, 1989, as restated to incorporate the amendment of January 9, 1992, and the correction of March 23, 1992 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4(i) to Humana Inc.’s Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Reg. No. 33-49305) filed February 2, 1994).
By-Laws of Humana Inc., as amended on December 14, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(b) to Humana Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 14, 2017).
Principal Executive Officer certification pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002.
Principal Financial Officer certification pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002.
Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101The following materials from Humana Inc.'s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021; (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021; (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021; (v) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021; and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
104Cover Page Interactive Data File formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
HUMANA INC.
(Registrant)
Date:November 2, 2022By:/s/ JOHN-PAUL W. FELTER
John-Paul W. Felter
Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)
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