HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC. - Quarter Report: 2019 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_____________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_____________________________________



ý	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-34910

_____________________________________

HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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DELAWARE		90-0607005
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4101 Washington Avenue, Newport News, Virginia 23607

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(757) 380-2000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

_____________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	ý	Accelerated filer	¨
Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	¨
		Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No ý

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	HII	New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)

As of April 26, 2019, 41,552,248 shares of the registrant's common stock were outstanding.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS




	PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION	Page

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity	4
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	43
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	43

	PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	44
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	44
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	44
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	44
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	44
Item 5.	Other Information	44
Item 6.	Exhibits	45

Signatures		46

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HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC.

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended March 31
(in millions, except per share amounts)	2019			2018
Sales and service revenues
Product sales	$	1,490		$	1,370
Service revenues	590			504
Sales and service revenues	2,080			1,874
Cost of sales and service revenues
Cost of product sales	1,258			1,063
Cost of service revenues	494			432
Income from operating investments, net	4			2
Other income and gains	—			2
General and administrative expenses	171			192
Operating income	161			191
Other income (expense)
Interest expense	(16		)	(15		)
Non-operating retirement benefit	3			18
Other, net	1			1
Earnings before income taxes	149			195
Federal and foreign income taxes	31			39
Net earnings	$	118		$	156

Basic earnings per share	$	2.85		$	3.48
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	41.4			44.8

Diluted earnings per share	$	2.85		$	3.48
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding	41.4			44.8

Dividends declared per share	$	0.86		$	0.72

Net earnings from above	$	118		$	156
Other comprehensive income
Change in unamortized benefit plan costs	25			20
Tax expense for items of other comprehensive income	(6		)	(5		)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	19			15
Comprehensive income	$	137		$	171

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION (UNAUDITED)



($ in millions)	March 31 2019			December 31 2018
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	51		$	240
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $7 million as of 2019 and $9 million as of 2018	375			252
Contract assets	1,250			1,003
Inventoried costs, net	127			128
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	119			122
Total current assets	1,922			1,745
Property, plant, and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $1,862 million as of 2019 and $1,829 million as of 2018	2,569			2,517
Operating lease assets	220			—
Goodwill	1,402			1,263
Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $575 million as of 2019 and $564 million as of 2018	530			492
Deferred tax assets	140			163
Miscellaneous other assets	217			203
Total assets	$	7,000		$	6,383
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current Liabilities
Trade accounts payable	$	618		$	562
Accrued employees’ compensation	264			248
Current portion of postretirement plan liabilities	131			131
Current portion of workers’ compensation liabilities	225			225
Contract liabilities	360			331
Other current liabilities	362			332
Total current liabilities	1,960			1,829
Long-term debt	1,496			1,283
Pension plan liabilities	765			764
Other postretirement plan liabilities	348			348
Workers’ compensation liabilities	459			454
Long-term operating lease liabilities	184			—
Other long-term liabilities	225			189
Total liabilities	5,437			4,867
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 16)
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 150 million shares authorized; 53.2 million shares issued and 41.6 million shares outstanding as of March 31, 2019, and 53.1 million shares issued and 41.9 million shares outstanding as of December 31, 2018	1			1
Additional paid-in capital	1,936			1,954
Retained earnings	2,691			2,609
Treasury stock	(1,796		)	(1,760		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,269		)	(1,288		)
Total stockholders’ equity	1,563			1,516
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	7,000		$	6,383

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended March 31
($ in millions)	2019			2018
Operating Activities
Net earnings	$	118		$	156
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Depreciation	41			41
Amortization of purchased intangibles	11			9
Amortization of debt issuance costs	1			1
Provision for doubtful accounts	(2		)	—
Stock-based compensation	5			7
Deferred income taxes	16			5
Change in
Accounts receivable	(112		)	92
Contract assets	(229		)	(305		)
Inventoried costs	(2		)	(5		)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(10		)	38
Accounts payable and accruals	147			100
Retiree benefits	25			(20		)
Other non-cash transactions, net	2			1
Net cash provided by operating activities	11			120
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures
Capital expenditure additions	(110		)	(75		)
Grant proceeds for capital expenditures	36			2
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash received	(195		)	—
Proceeds from disposition of assets	—			3
Net cash used in investing activities	(269		)	(70		)
Financing Activities
Proceeds from revolving credit facility borrowings	1,179			—
Repayment of revolving credit facility borrowings	(967		)	—
Dividends paid	(36		)	(32		)
Repurchases of common stock	(84		)	(166		)
Employee taxes on certain share-based payment arrangements	(23		)	(25		)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	69			(223		)
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(189		)	(173		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	240			701
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	51		$	528
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosure
Cash paid for income taxes	$	—		$	1
Cash paid for interest	$	—		$	1
Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Capital expenditures accrued in accounts payable	$	34		$	4
Accrued repurchases of common stock	$	—		$	3

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)



Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 ($ in millions)	Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital			Retained Earnings (Deficit)			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	1	$	1,942		$	1,687		$	(972	)	$	(900	)	$	1,758
Net earnings	—		—			156			—			—			156
Dividends declared ($0.72 per share)	—		—			(32		)	—			—			(32		)
Additional paid-in capital	—		(18		)	—			—			—			(18		)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—			—			—			15			15
Treasury stock activity	—		—			—			(166		)	—			(166		)
Effect of Accounting Standards Update 2014-09	—		—			5			—			—			5
Effect of Accounting Standards Update 2016-01	—		—			11			—			(11		)	—
Effect of Accounting Standards Update 2018-02	—		—			202			—			(202		)	—
Balance as of March 31, 2018	$	1	$	1,924		$	2,029		$	(1,138	)	$	(1,098	)	$	1,718

Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	1	$	1,954		$	2,609		$	(1,760	)	$	(1,288	)	$	1,516
Net earnings	—		—			118			—			—			118
Dividends declared ($0.86 per share)	—		—			(36		)	—			—			(36		)
Additional paid-in capital	—		(18		)	—			—			—			(18		)
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—			—			—			19			19
Treasury stock activity	—		—			—			(36		)	—			(36		)
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	1	$	1,936		$	2,691		$	(1,796	)	$	(1,269	)	$	1,563

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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HUNTINGTON INGALLS INDUSTRIES, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc. ("HII" or the "Company") is one of America’s largest military shipbuilding companies and a provider of professional services to partners in government and industry. HII is organized into three reportable segments: Ingalls Shipbuilding ("Ingalls"), Newport News Shipbuilding ("Newport News"), and Technical Solutions. For more than a century, the Company's Ingalls segment in Mississippi and Newport News segment in Virginia have built more ships in more ship classes than any other U.S. naval shipbuilder. The Technical Solutions segment provides a range of services to the governmental, energy, and oil and gas markets.

HII conducts most of its business with the U.S. Government, primarily the Department of Defense ("DoD"). As prime contractor, principal subcontractor, team member, or partner, the Company participates in many high-priority U.S. defense technology programs. Through its Ingalls segment, HII is a builder of amphibious assault and expeditionary ships for the U.S. Navy, the sole builder of National Security Cutters for the U.S. Coast Guard, and one of only two companies that builds the Navy's current fleet of Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) destroyers. Through its Newport News segment, HII is the nation's sole designer, builder, and refueler of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, and one of only two companies currently designing and building nuclear-powered submarines for the U.S. Navy. The Technical Solutions segment provides a wide range of professional services, including fleet support, mission driven innovative solutions ("MDIS"), nuclear and environmental, and oil and gas services.

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Principles of Consolidation - The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of HII and its subsidiaries have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and the instructions to Form 10-Q promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. For classification of current assets and liabilities related to its long-term production contracts, the Company uses the duration of these contracts as its operating cycle, which is generally longer than one year. Additionally, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary by management for a fair presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows and should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The quarterly information is labeled using a calendar convention; that is, first quarter is consistently labeled as ending on March 31, second quarter as ending on June 30, and third quarter as ending on September 30. It is management's long-standing practice to establish interim closing dates using a "fiscal" calendar, which requires the businesses to close their books on a Friday near these quarter-end dates in order to normalize the potentially disruptive effects of quarterly closings on business processes. The effects of this practice only exist for interim periods within a reporting year.

Accounting Estimates - The preparation of the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingencies at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates have been prepared on the basis of the most current and best available information, and actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

In August 2011, the Budget Control Act established limits on U.S. Government discretionary spending, and provided for potential sequestration cuts to defense spending and non-defense discretionary spending. The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 (the "BBA 2018") provided sequestration relief for fiscal years 2018 and 2019. Sequestration remains in effect for fiscal years 2020 and 2021 and could result in significant decreases in DoD spending that could negatively impact the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, as well as its estimated recovery of goodwill and other long-lived assets.

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Revenue Recognition - Most of the Company's revenues are derived from long-term contracts for the production of goods and services provided to its U.S. Government customers. The Company generally recognizes revenues on contracts with U.S. Government customers over time using a cost-to-cost measure of progress. The use of the cost-to-cost method to measure performance progress over time is supported by clauses in the related contracts that allow the customer to unilaterally terminate the contract for convenience, pay the Company for costs incurred plus a reasonable profit, and take control of any work in process. The Company utilizes the cost-to-cost method to measure performance progress, because it best reflects the continuous transfer of control over the related goods and services to the customer as the Company satisfies its performance obligations.

When the customer is not a U.S. Government entity, the Company may recognize revenue over time or at a point in time when control transfers upon delivery, depending upon the facts and circumstances of the related arrangement. When the Company determines that revenue should be recognized over time, the Company utilizes a measure of progress that best depicts the transfer of control of the relevant goods and services to the customer. Generally, the terms and conditions of the contracts result in a transfer of control over the related goods and services as the Company satisfies its performance obligations. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue over time using the cost-to-cost method to measure performance progress. The Company may, however, utilize a measure of progress other than cost-to-cost, such as a labor-based measure of progress, if the terms and conditions of the arrangement require such accounting.

When using the cost-to-cost method to measure performance progress, certain contracts may include costs that are not representative of performance progress, such as large upfront purchases of uninstalled materials, unexpected waste, or inefficiencies. In these cases, the Company adjusts its measure of progress to exclude such costs, with the goal of better reflecting the transfer of control over the related goods or services to the customer and recognizing revenue only to the extent of the costs incurred that reflect the Company's performance under the contract. In addition, for time and material arrangements, the Company often utilizes the practical expedient allowing the recognition of revenue in the amount the Company invoices, which corresponds with the value provided to the customer and to which the Company is entitled to payment for performance to date.

A performance obligation is a promise to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account for which revenue is recognized. To determine the proper revenue recognition method, consideration is given to whether two or more contracts should be combined and accounted for as one contract and whether a single contract consists of more than one performance obligation. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the contract transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation using an estimate of the standalone selling price based upon expected cost plus a margin at contract inception, which is generally the price disclosed in the contract. Contracts are often modified to account for changes in contract specifications and requirements. In the majority of circumstances, modifications do not result in additional performance obligations that are distinct from the existing performance obligations in the contract and the effects of the modifications are recognized as an adjustment to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis. Alternatively, in instances in which the performance obligations in the modifications are deemed distinct, contract modifications are accounted for prospectively.

The amount of revenue recognized as the Company satisfies performance obligations associated with contracts with customers is based upon the determination of transaction price. Transaction price reflects the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled for performance under the terms and conditions of the relevant contract and may reflect fixed and variable components, including shareline incentive fees whereby the value of the contract is variable based upon the amount of costs incurred, as well as other incentive fees based upon achievement of contractual schedule commitments or other specified criteria in the contract. Shareline incentive fees are determined based upon the formula under the relevant contract using the Company’s estimated cost to complete each period. The Company generally utilizes a most likely amount approach to estimate variable consideration. In all such instances, the estimated revenues represent those amounts for which the Company believes a significant reversal of revenue is not probable.

Contract Estimates - In estimating contract costs, the Company utilizes a profit-booking rate based upon performance expectations that takes into consideration a number of assumptions and estimates regarding risks related to technical requirements, feasibility, schedule, and contract costs. Management performs periodic reviews of the contracts to evaluate the underlying risks, which may increase the profit-booking rate as the Company is able to mitigate and retire such risks. Conversely, if the Company is not able to retire these risks, cost estimates may increase, resulting in a lower profit-booking rate.

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The cost estimation process requires significant judgment and is based upon the professional knowledge and experience of the Company’s engineers, program managers, and financial professionals. Factors considered in estimating the work to be completed and ultimate contract recovery include the availability, productivity, and cost of labor, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed, the effect of change orders, the availability of materials, the effect of any performance delays, the availability and timing of funding from the customer, and the recoverability of any claims included in the estimates to complete.

Changes in estimates of sales, costs, and profits on a performance obligation are recognized using the cumulative catch-up method of accounting, which recognizes in the current period the cumulative effect of the changes in current and prior periods. A significant change in an estimate on one or more contracts in a period could have a material effect on the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated financial position or results of operations for that period.

When estimates of total costs to be incurred exceed estimates of total revenue to be earned on a performance obligation related to a complex, construction-type contract, a provision for the entire loss on the performance obligation is recognized in the period the loss is determined.

Accounts Receivable - Accounts receivable include amounts related to any unconditional Company right to receive consideration and are presented as receivables in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial position, separate from other contract balances. Accounts receivable are comprised of amounts billed and currently due from customers. The Company reports accounts receivable net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Because the Company's accounts receivable are primarily with the U.S. Government or with companies acting as a contractor to the U.S. Government, the Company does not have material exposure to accounts receivable credit risk.

Contract Assets - Contract assets primarily relate to the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed as of the reporting date when the right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time, including retention amounts. Contract assets are classified as current assets and, in accordance with industry practice, include amounts that may be billed and collected beyond one year due to the long term nature of many of the Company's contracts. Contract assets are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to consideration becomes unconditional.

Contract Liabilities - Contract liabilities are comprised of advance payments, billings in excess of revenues, and deferred revenue amounts. Such advances are generally not considered a significant financing component, because they are utilized to pay for contract costs within a one year period. Contract liability amounts are recognized as revenue once the requisite performance progress has occurred.

Inventoried Costs - Inventoried costs primarily relate to company owned raw materials, which are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, generally using the average cost method, and costs capitalized pursuant to applicable provisions of the Federal Acquisition Regulation ("FAR") and Cost Accounting Standards ("CAS"). Under the Company's U.S. Government contracts, the customer asserts title to, or a security interest in, inventories related to such contracts as a result of contract advances, performance-based payments, and progress payments. In accordance with industry practice, inventoried costs are classified as current assets and include amounts related to contracts having production cycles longer than one year.

Warranty Costs - Certain of the Company’s contracts contain assurance-type warranty provisions, which generally promise that the service or vessel will comply with agreed upon specifications. In such instances, the Company accrues the estimated loss by a charge to income in the relevant period. In limited circumstances, the Company's complex construction type contracts may provide the customer with an option to purchase a warranty or provide an extended assurance service coupled with the primary assurance warranty. In such cases, the Company accounts for the warranty as a separate performance obligation to the extent it is material within the context of the contract. Warranty liabilities are reported within other current liabilities and are not material.

Government Grants - The Company recognizes incentive grants, inclusive of transfers of depreciable assets, from federal, state, and local governments at fair value upon compliance with the conditions of their receipt and reasonable assurance that the grants will be received or the depreciable assets will be transferred. Grants in recognition of specific expenses are recognized in the same period as an offset to those related expenses. Grants

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related to depreciable assets are recognized over the periods and in the proportions in which depreciation expense on those assets is recognized.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized cash grant benefits of approximately $36 million in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recognized cash grant benefits of approximately $2 million in other long-term liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Except for the Company's long-term debt, the carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments recorded at historical cost approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments and low credit risk associated with the respective counterparties.

The Company maintains multiple grantor trusts to fund certain non-qualified pension plans. These trusts were valued at $121 million and $109 million as of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively, and are presented within miscellaneous other assets within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position. These trusts consist primarily of investments in marketable securities, which are held at fair value within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Leases - The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at contract inception. A lease exists when a contract conveys to a party the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Company recognizes a lease liability at the lease commencement date, as the present value of future lease payments, using an estimated rate of interest that the Company would pay to borrow equivalent funds on a collateralized basis. A lease asset is recognized based on the lease liability value and adjusted for any prepaid lease payments, initial direct costs, or lease incentive amounts. The lease term at the commencement date includes any renewal options or termination options when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise or not exercise those options, respectively.

Right of use assets associated with operating leases are recognized in operating lease assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position. Lease liabilities associated with operating leases are recognized in long-term operating lease liabilities, with short-term lease liability amounts included in other current liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position.

Rent expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and included in cost of sales and service revenues on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Variable lease payments are recognized as incurred and include lease operating expenses, which are based on contractual lease terms.

The Company elected to exclude from its unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position leases having terms of 12 months or less (short-term leases) and elected not to separate lease and non-lease components in the determination of lease payment obligations for its long-term lease contracts.

Loan Receivable - The Company holds a loan receivable in connection with a seller financed transaction involving its previously owned Avondale shipyard facility. The receivable is carried at amortized cost in the amount of $38 million, net of a $10 million loan discount, which approximates fair value and is recorded in miscellaneous other assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position. Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis using the effective yield method. The discount is accreted into income using the effective yield method over the estimated life of the loan receivable.

Related Party Transactions - On March 29, 2011, HII entered into a Separation and Distribution Agreement (the "Separation Agreement") with its former parent company, Northrop Grumman Corporation ("Northrop Grumman"), and Northrop Grumman's subsidiaries (Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding, Inc. and Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation), pursuant to which HII was legally and structurally separated from Northrop Grumman. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received the $8 million from Northrop Grumman. As of each of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company had $84 million outstanding under Industrial Revenue Bonds issued by the Mississippi Business Finance Corporation. Prior to the spin-off, repayment of principal and interest was guaranteed by Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation. The guaranty remains in effect, and the Company has agreed to indemnify Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation for any losses related to the guaranty.

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3. ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATES

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)," which established a right-of-use model that requires a lessee to record the right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Expense is recognized in the income statement similar to the recognition of expense under previous accounting guidance. Additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required. ASU 2016-02 was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Prior to the FASB issuing ASU 2018-11 “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements,” entities were required to use a modified retrospective approach upon adoption to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. In January 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-01 "Leases (Topic 842): Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842," which permitted entities to forgo the evaluation of existing land easement arrangements to determine if they contain a lease as part of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 issued in February 2016. Accordingly, the Company’s accounting treatment of any existing land easement arrangements has not changed. The Company adopted this standard update concurrently with ASU 2016-02. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, which provides entities the option to initially apply ASU 2016-02 at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. Consequently, the comparative periods presented in the financial statements would continue to comply with current GAAP.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, using the optional transition method. In addition, the Company elected practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which, among other things, allows it to carry forward historical lease classifications. The Company also elected the hindsight practical expedient to determine the reasonably certain lease term for existing leases. The Company's election of the hindsight practical expedient resulted in lengthening lease terms for certain existing leases. The Company made an accounting policy election not to recognize leases with an initial term of 12 months or less in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position and to recognize the lease payments in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. The impact upon adoption was an increase to operating lease assets of $215 million, an increase to short-term operating lease liabilities of $36 million, an increase to long-term operating lease liabilities of $179 million, and no material impact to retained earnings.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement," which changes the fair value measurement disclosure requirements of ASC 820. The update includes changes to disclosures regarding valuation techniques and inputs, uncertainty, judgments, and assumptions in fair value measurements, and how changes in fair value measurements affect performance and cash flows. The update is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods therein. Early adoption is permitted for any eliminated or modified disclosures. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2018-13 on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures, accounting processes, and internal controls.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans,” which reduces disclosure requirements of Subtopic 715-20 and requires additional disclosure related to weighted-average interest crediting rates and significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the reporting period. The update is effective on a retrospective basis for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption allowed. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2018-14 on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures, accounting processes, and internal controls.

Other accounting pronouncements issued but not effective until after December 31, 2019, are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

4. AVONDALE AND GULFPORT

In August and October 2014, the Company completed closure of its Gulfport Composite Center of Excellence in Gulfport, Mississippi and ceased shipbuilding construction operations at its Avondale, Louisiana facility, respectively.

In connection with winding down shipbuilding at its Avondale facility, the Company incurred and paid related restructuring and shutdown costs. Pursuant to applicable provisions of the FAR and CAS for the treatment of restructuring and shutdown related costs, the Company began amortizing the deferred costs over a five year period

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in 2014. In November 2017, the U.S. Government and the Company reached a settlement to treat $251 million of these costs as allowable costs, a majority of which were billed to the U.S. Government and collected by the end of 2018. The settlement was consistent with management’s cost recovery expectations and did not have a material effect on the Company’s statements of financial position or results of operations. In October 2018, the Company completed a sale of the Avondale facility. In addition to cash proceeds, the Company financed a portion of the transaction over a nine year period, resulting in a net gain of $7 million, recognized as a reduction to cost of sales in the fourth quarter of 2018.

In connection with the closure of its Gulfport facility, the Company incurred restructuring related costs of $54 million, including $52 million of accelerated depreciation of fixed assets. The Company reached a resolution with the U.S. Government in December 2018 regarding the treatment and allocation of the restructuring related costs, which was substantially in accordance with management's cost recovery expectations and did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

5. ACQUISITIONS

On February 25, 2019, the Company acquired Fulcrum IT Services, LLC ("Fulcrum"), an information technology and government consulting company, for approximately $195 million in cash, net of $1 million of acquired cash. The acquisition is consistent with the Company's strategy to optimize and expand its services portfolio. In connection with this acquisition, the Company recorded $133 million of goodwill, which includes the value of Fulcrum's workforce, all of which was allocated to its Technical Solutions segment, as well as $49 million of intangible assets related to existing contract backlog. See Note 11: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. The Company has not completed the purchase price allocation due to the recent acquisition date and potential adjustments upon finalization of the net working capital adjustment and the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The assets, liabilities, and results of operations of Fulcrum are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

On December 3, 2018, the Company acquired G2, Inc. ("G2"), a provider of cybersecurity solutions to the U.S. Government, for approximately $77 million in cash, net of $2 million of acquired cash. The acquisition is consistent with the Company's strategy to optimize and expand its services portfolio. In connection with this acquisition, the Company recorded $46 million of goodwill, which includes the value of G2's workforce, all of which was allocated to its Technical Solutions segment, as well as $20 million of intangible assets related to existing contract backlog. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recorded an increase in goodwill of $6 million, primarily driven by the finalization of fair value calculations for certain assets and liabilities. See Note 11: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. The Company has not completed the purchase price allocation due to the recent acquisition date and potential adjustments upon finalization of the net working capital adjustment and the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The assets, liabilities, and results of operations of G2 are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

The Company funded each of these acquisitions using cash on hand and borrowings on its revolving credit facility. The acquisition costs incurred in connection with these acquisitions were not material. The operating results of these businesses have been included in the Company’s consolidated results as of the respective closing dates of the acquisitions. In allocating the purchase prices of these businesses, the Company considered the estimated fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired, with any excess purchase price recorded as goodwill. The total amount of goodwill resulting from these acquisitions is expected to be amortizable for tax purposes. These acquisitions are not material either individually or in the aggregate, and pro forma revenues and results of operations have therefore not been provided.

6. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Treasury Stock - In November 2017, the Company's board of directors authorized an increase in the Company's stock repurchase program from $1.2 billion to $2.2 billion and an extension of the term of the program from October 31, 2019, to October 31, 2022. Repurchases are made from time to time at management's discretion in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company repurchased 183,885 shares at an aggregate cost of $36 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company also settled for cash $48 million of shares repurchased in the prior year. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company repurchased 674,365 shares at an aggregate cost of $166 million, of which approximately $3 million was not yet settled for cash as of March 31, 2018. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company also

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settled for cash $2 million of shares repurchased in the prior year. The cost of purchased shares is recorded as treasury stock in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial position.

Dividends - The Company declared cash dividends per share of $0.86 and $0.72 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company paid cash dividends totaling $36 million and $32 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to gains and losses recorded as an element of stockholders' equity but excluded from net earnings. The accumulated other comprehensive loss as of March 31, 2019, was comprised of unamortized benefit plan costs of $1,264 million and other comprehensive loss items of $5 million. The accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2018, was comprised of unamortized benefit plan costs of $1,283 million and other comprehensive income items of $5 million.

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, were as follows:



($ in millions)	Benefit Plans			Other			Total
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	(906	)	$	6		$	(900	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
Amortization of prior service cost¹	1			—			1
Amortization of net actuarial loss¹	19			—			19
Tax expense for items of other comprehensive income	(5		)	—			(5		)
Net current period other comprehensive income	15			—			15
Effect of Accounting Standards Update 2016-01²	—			(11		)	(11		)
Effect of Accounting Standards Update 2018-02³	(204		)	2			(202		)
Balance as of March 31, 2018	(1,095		)	(3		)	(1,098		)

Balance as of December 31, 2018	(1,283		)	(5		)	(1,288		)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
Amortization of net actuarial loss¹	25			—			25
Tax expense for items of other comprehensive income	(6		)	—			(6		)
Net current period other comprehensive income	19			—			19
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	(1,264	)	$	(5	)	$	(1,269	)

¹ These accumulated comprehensive loss components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. See Note 16: Employee Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits. The tax benefit associated with amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, was $6 million and $5 million, respectively.

² The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 as of January 1, 2018. Accordingly, accumulated other comprehensive income of $11 million related to available-for-sale securities, net of $4 million tax expense, was reclassified to retained earnings.

³The Company adopted ASU 2018-02 as of January 1, 2018. Accordingly, stranded tax effects of $202 million related to the Tax Act were reclassified to retained earnings.

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7. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic and diluted earnings per common share were calculated as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31
(in millions, except per share amounts)	2019		2018
Net earnings	$	118	$	156

Weighted-average common shares outstanding	41.4		44.8
Net dilutive effect of stock options and awards	—		—
Dilutive weighted-average common shares outstanding	41.4		44.8

Earnings per share - basic	$	2.85	$	3.48
Earnings per share - diluted	$	2.85	$	3.48

Under the treasury stock method, the Company has excluded from the diluted share amounts presented above the effects of 0.3 million Restricted Performance Stock Rights ("RPSRs") for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

8. REVENUE

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenues. For more detailed information regarding reportable segments, see Note 9: Segment Information. For more detailed information regarding the Company's significant accounting policy for revenue, see Note 2: Basis of Presentation.

U.S. Government Contracts

The Ingalls and Newport News segments generate revenue primarily from performance under multi-year contracts with the U.S. Government, generally the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard, or prime contractors to contracts with the U.S. Government, relating to the advance planning, design, construction, repair, maintenance, refueling, overhaul, or inactivation of nuclear-powered ships and non-nuclear ships. The period over which the Company performs may extend past five years. The Technical Solutions segment also generates the majority of its revenue from contracts with the U.S. Government, including U.S. Government agencies. The Company generally invoices and receives related payments based upon performance progress no less frequently than monthly.

Shipbuilding - For most of the Company's shipbuilding contracts, the customer contracts with the Company to provide a comprehensive service of designing, procuring long-lead-time materials, manufacturing, and integrating complex equipment and technologies into a single ship or project, often resulting in a single performance obligation. Contract modifications to account for changes in specifications and requirements are recognized when approved by the customer. In the majority of circumstances, modifications do not result in additional performance obligations that are distinct from the existing performance obligations in the contract and the effects of the modifications are recognized as an adjustment to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis. Alternatively, in instances where the performance obligations in the modifications are deemed distinct, contract modifications are accounted for prospectively.

The Company considers incentive and award fees to be variable consideration and includes in the transaction price at inception the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled under the terms and conditions of the contract, generally estimated using a most likely amount approach. Transaction price is limited to the extent of funding allotted by the customer and available for performance, and estimated revenues represent those amounts for which the Company believes a significant reversal of revenue is not probable.

The Company recognizes revenues related to shipbuilding contracts as it satisfies the related performance obligations over time using a cost-to-cost input method to measure performance progress, which best reflects the transfer of control to the customer.

Services - The Technical Solutions segment generates revenue primarily under U.S. Government contracts from the

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provision of fleet support and MDIS services. Contracts generally are structured using either an Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity ("IDIQ") vehicle, under which orders are issued, or a standalone contract. Contracts may be fixed-price or cost-type, include variable consideration such as incentives and awards, and structured as task orders under an IDIQ contract vehicle or requirements contract vehicle. In either case, the Company generally performs over the course of a short-duration period and may continue to perform upon exercise of related period of performance options that are also short in duration, generally one year. The Company’s performance obligations vary in nature and may be stand-ready, in which case the Company responds to the customer’s needs on the basis of its demand, a recurring service, in the case of recurring maintenance services, or a single performance obligation that does not comprise a series of distinct services.

In determining transaction price, the Company considers incentives and other contingencies to be variable consideration and includes in the initial transaction price the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled under the terms and conditions of the contract, generally estimated using a most likely amount approach. Transaction price is limited to the extent of funding allotted by the customer and available for performance, and estimated revenues represent those amounts for which the Company believes a significant reversal of revenue is not probable. Where a series of distinct services has been identified, the Company generally allocates variable consideration to distinct time increments of service.

The Company generally recognizes revenue as it satisfies the related performance obligations over time using a cost-to-cost input method to measure performance progress, because, even where the Company has identified a series of services, its cost incurrence pattern generally is not ratable given the complex nature of the services the Company provides. Invoices are issued and related payments are received, on the basis of performance progress, no less frequently than monthly. In addition, many of the Company's U.S. Government services contracts are time and material arrangements. As a result, the Company often utilizes the practical expedient allowing the recognition of revenue in the amount the Company invoices, which corresponds with the value provided to the customer and to which the Company is entitled to payment for performance to date.

Non-U.S. Government Contracts

Revenues generated under commercial and state and local government agency contracts are primarily derived from the provision of nuclear and environmental and oil and gas services. Non-U.S. Government contracts typically are one or two years in duration.

In determining transaction price, the Company considers incentives and other contingencies to be variable consideration and includes in the initial transaction price the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled under the terms and conditions of the contract, generally estimated using a most likely amount approach. In the context of variable consideration, the Company limits the transaction price to amounts for which the Company believes a significant reversal of revenue is not probable. Such amounts may relate to transaction price in excess of funding, a lack of history with the customer, a lack of history with the goods or services being provided, or other items.

Revenue generally is recognized over time given the terms and conditions of the related contracts. The Company generally utilizes a cost-to-cost input method to measure performance progress, which best depicts the transfer of control to the customer. The Company’s non-U.S. Government contract portfolio is comprised of a large number of time and material arrangements. As a result, the Company often utilizes the practical expedient allowing the recognition of revenue in the amount the Company invoices, which corresponds with the value provided to the customer and to which the Company is entitled to payment for performance to date.

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Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables present revenues on a disaggregated basis, in a manner that reconciles with the Company's reportable segment disclosures, for the following categories: product versus service type, customer type, contract type, and major program. See Note 9: Segment Information. The Company believes that this level of disaggregation provides investors with information to evaluate the Company’s financial performance and provides the Company with information to make capital allocation decisions in the most appropriate manner.



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
($ in millions)	Ingalls		Newport News		Technical Solutions		Intersegment Eliminations			Total
Revenue Type
Product sales	$	538	$	939	$	13	$	—		$	1,490
Service revenues	46		326		218		—			590
Intersegment	—		—		26		(26		)	—
Sales and service revenues	$	584	$	1,265	$	257	$	(26	)	$	2,080
Customer Type
Federal	$	584	$	1,265	$	165	$	—		$	2,014
Commercial	—		—		66		—			66
Intersegment	—		—		26		(26		)	—
Sales and service revenues	$	584	$	1,265	$	257	$	(26	)	$	2,080
Contract Type
Firm fixed-price	$	17	$	2	$	36	$	—		$	55
Fixed-price incentive	478		453		—		—			931
Cost-type	89		810		112		—			1,011
Time and materials	—		—		83		—			83
Intersegment	—		—		26		(26		)	—
Sales and service revenues	$	584	$	1,265	$	257	$	(26	)	$	2,080

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	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
($ in millions)	Ingalls		Newport News		Technical Solutions		Intersegment Eliminations			Total
Revenue Type
Product sales	$	534	$	822	$	14	$	—		$	1,370
Service revenues	51		260		193		—			504
Intersegment	—		—		26		(26		)	—
Sales and service revenues	$	585	$	1,082	$	233	$	(26	)	$	1,874
Customer Type
Federal	$	585	$	1,082	$	151	$	—		$	1,818
Commercial	—		—		56		—			56
Intersegment	—		—		26		(26		)	—
Sales and service revenues	$	585	$	1,082	$	233	$	(26	)	$	1,874
Contract Type
Firm fixed-price	$	24	$	3	$	40	$	—		$	67
Fixed-price incentive	486		417		1		—			904
Cost-type	75		662		93		—			830
Time and materials	—		—		73		—			73
Intersegment	—		—		26		(26		)	—
Sales and service revenues	$	585	$	1,082	$	233	$	(26	)	$	1,874



	Three Months Ended March 31			Three Months Ended March 31
($ in millions)	2019			2018
Major Programs
Amphibious assault ships	$	297		$	288
Surface combatants and coast guard cutters	286			296
Other	1			1
Total Ingalls	584			585
Aircraft carriers	713			587
Submarines	368			359
Other	184			136
Total Newport News	1,265			1,082
Government and energy services	208			194
Oil and gas services	49			39
Total Technical Solutions	257			233
Intersegment eliminations	(26		)	(26		)
Sales and service revenues	$	2,080		$	1,874

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had $40.6 billion of remaining performance obligations. The Company expects to recognize approximately 30% of its remaining performance obligations as revenue through 2020, an additional 25% through 2022, and the balance thereafter.

Cumulative Catch-up Adjustments

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, net cumulative catch-up adjustments decreased operating income and diluted earnings per share by $6 million and $0.11, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, net cumulative catch-up adjustments increased operating income and diluted earnings per share by $28 million and

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$0.50, respectively. No individual adjustment was material to the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Contract Balances

Contract balances include accounts receivable, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers. Accounts receivable represent an unconditional right to consideration and include amounts billed and currently due from customers. Contract assets primarily relate to the Company's rights to consideration for work completed but not billed as of the reporting date when the right to payment is not just subject to the passage of time. Fixed-price contracts are generally billed to the customer using either progress payments, whereby amounts are billed monthly as costs are incurred or work is completed, or performance based payments, which are based upon the achievement of specific, measurable events or accomplishments defined and valued at contract inception. Cost-type contracts are typically billed to the customer on a monthly or semi-monthly basis. Contract liabilities relate to advance payments, billings in excess of revenues, and deferred revenue amounts.

The Company reports contract balances in a net contract asset or contract liability position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. The Company’s net contract assets increased $218 million from December 31, 2018, to March 31, 2019, primarily due to an increase in contract assets as a result of revenue on certain U.S. Navy contracts. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized revenue of $217 million related to its contract liabilities as of December 31, 2018.

9. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company is organized into three reportable segments: Ingalls, Newport News, and Technical Solutions, consistent with how management makes operating decisions and assesses performance.

The following table presents segment results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:



	Three Months Ended March 31
($ in millions)	2019			2018
Sales and Service Revenues
Ingalls	$	584		$	585
Newport News	1,265			1,082
Technical Solutions	257			233
Intersegment eliminations	(26		)	(26		)
Sales and service revenues	$	2,080		$	1,874
Operating Income
Ingalls	$	46		$	64
Newport News	78			51
Technical Solutions	5			2
Segment operating income	129			117
Non-segment factors affecting operating income (loss)
Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment	34			72
Non-current state income taxes	(2		)	2
Operating income	$	161		$	191

Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment - The Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment represents the difference between the service cost component of our pension and other postretirement expense determined in accordance with GAAP ("FAS") and our pension and other postretirement expense under CAS.

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The following table presents the Company's assets by segment.



($ in millions)	March 31 2019		December 31 2018
Assets
Ingalls	$	1,595	$	1,448
Newport News	3,907		3,572
Technical Solutions	1,084		734
Corporate	414		629
Total assets	$	7,000	$	6,383

10. INVENTORIED COSTS, NET

Inventoried costs were comprised of the following:



($ in millions)	March 31 2019		December 31 2018
Production costs of contracts in process¹	$	29	$	34
Raw material inventory	98		94
Total inventoried costs, net	$	127	$	128

¹Includes amounts capitalized pursuant to applicable provisions of the FAR and CAS.

11. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

HII performs impairment tests for goodwill as of November 30 of each year and between annual impairment tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair values of the Company's reporting units below their carrying values.

Accumulated goodwill impairment losses as of each of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, were $2,877 million. The accumulated goodwill impairment losses for Ingalls as of each of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, were $1,568 million. The accumulated goodwill impairment losses for Newport News as of each of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, were $1,187 million. The accumulated goodwill impairment losses for Technical Solutions as of each of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, were $122 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the carrying amounts of goodwill changed as follows:



($ in millions)	Ingalls		Newport News		Technical Solutions		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	175		721		367		1,263
Acquisitions	—		—		133		133
Adjustments	—		—		6		6
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	175	$	721	$	506	$	1,402

Other Intangible Assets

The Company's purchased intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis or a method based on the pattern of benefits over their estimated useful lives. Net intangible assets consist principally of amounts pertaining to nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and submarine program intangible assets, with an aggregate weighted-average useful life of 40 years based on the long life cycle of the related programs. Aggregate amortization expense was $11 million and $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

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In connection with the Fulcrum purchase in 2019, the Company recorded $49 million of intangible assets pertaining to existing contract backlog and customer relationships, to be amortized using the pattern of benefits method over a weighted-average life of seven years. In connection with the G2 purchase in 2018, the Company recorded $20 million of intangible assets pertaining to existing contract backlog and customer relationships, to be amortized using the pattern of benefits method over a weighted-average life of seven years.

The Company expects amortization expense for purchased intangible assets of approximately $47 million in 2019, $44 million in 2020, $40 million in 2021, $37 million in 2022, and $27 million in 2023.

12. INCOME TAXES

The Company's earnings are primarily domestic, and its effective tax rates on earnings from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, were 20.8% and 20.0%, respectively. The higher effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was primarily attributable to a reduction in the income tax benefits resulting from stock award settlement activity.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company's effective tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate primarily as a result of the income tax benefits resulting from stock award settlement activity.

The Company's unrecognized tax benefits did not increase during the three months ended March 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, the estimated amounts of the Company's uncertain tax positions, excluding interest and penalties, were liabilities of $25 million. Assuming a sustainment of these positions, the reversal of the $25 million accrual would favorably affect the Company's effective federal income tax rate in future periods.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, interest associated with the unrecognized tax benefits noted above did not materially increase income tax expense.

Non-current state income taxes include deferred state income taxes, which reflect the change in deferred state tax assets and liabilities, and the tax expense or benefit associated with changes in state uncertain tax positions in the relevant period. These amounts are recorded within operating income. Current period state income tax expense is charged to contract costs and included in cost of sales and service revenues in segment operating income.

13. DEBT

Long-term debt consisted of the following:



($ in millions)	March 31 2019			December 31 2018
Senior notes due November 15, 2025, 5.000%	600			600
Senior notes due December 1, 2027, 3.483%	600			600
Mississippi economic development revenue bonds due May 1, 2024, 7.81%	84			84
Gulf opportunity zone industrial development revenue bonds due December 1, 2028, 4.55%	21			21
Revolving credit facility borrowings	212			—
Less unamortized debt issuance costs	(21		)	(22		)
Total long-term debt	$	1,496		$	1,283

Credit Facility - In November 2017, the Company terminated its Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and entered into a new Credit Agreement (the "Credit Facility") with third-party lenders. The Credit Facility includes a revolving credit facility of $1,250 million, which may be drawn upon during a period of five years from November 22, 2017. The revolving credit facility includes a letter of credit subfacility of $500 million. The revolving credit facility has a variable interest rate on outstanding borrowings based on the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus a spread based upon the Company's credit ratings, which may vary between 1.125% and 1.500%. The variable interest rate on outstanding borrowings as of March 31, 2019 was LIBOR plus 1.250%. The revolving credit facility also has a commitment fee rate on the unutilized balance based on the Company’s credit ratings. The commitment fee rate as of March 31, 2019, was 0.25% and may vary between 0.20% and 0.30%.

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The Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, as well as a financial covenant based on a maximum total leverage ratio. Each of the Company's existing and future material wholly owned domestic subsidiaries, except those that are specifically designated as unrestricted subsidiaries, are and will be guarantors under the Credit Facility.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had $212 million of outstanding borrowings and $22 million in issued but undrawn letters of credit under the revolving credit facility. The remaining $1,016 million of the revolving credit facility was unutilized. The Company had unamortized debt issuance costs associated with its credit facilities of $8 million as of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018.

Senior Notes - In December 2017, the Company issued $600 million aggregate principal amount of 3.483% senior notes with registration rights due December 2027, the net proceeds of which were used to repurchase the Company's 5.000% senior notes due 2021. Pursuant to the terms of the registration rights agreement entered into in connection with the issuance of these senior notes, the Company completed in June 2018 an exchange of $600 million aggregate principal amount of registered 3.483% senior notes due December 2027 for all of the then outstanding unregistered senior notes due December 2027. The Company also has outstanding $600 million aggregate principal amount of unregistered 5.000% senior notes due November 2025. Interest on the Company’s senior notes is payable semi-annually.

The terms of the senior notes limit the Company’s ability and the ability of certain of its subsidiaries to create liens, enter into sale and leaseback transactions, sell assets, and effect consolidations or mergers. The Company had unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the senior notes of $13 million and $14 million as of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Mississippi Economic Development Revenue Bonds - As of each of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company had $84 million outstanding under Industrial Revenue Bonds issued by the Mississippi Business Finance Corporation. These bonds accrue interest at a fixed rate of 7.81% per annum (payable semi-annually) and mature in 2024.

Gulf Opportunity Zone Industrial Development Revenue Bonds - As of each of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company had $21 million outstanding under Gulf Opportunity Zone Industrial Development Revenue Bonds issued by the Mississippi Business Finance Corporation. These bonds accrue interest at a fixed rate of 4.55% per annum (payable semi-annually) and mature in 2028.

The Company's debt arrangements contain customary affirmative and negative covenants. The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants during the three months ended March 31, 2019.

The estimated fair values of the Company's total long-term debt as of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, were $1,533 million and $1,292 million, respectively. The fair values of the Company's long-term debt were calculated based on recent trades of the Company's debt instruments in inactive markets, which fall within Level 2 under the fair value hierarchy.

As of March 31, 2019, the aggregate amounts of principal payments due on long-term debt within the next five years included $212 million due in 2022.

14. INVESTIGATIONS, CLAIMS, AND LITIGATION

The Company is involved in legal proceedings before various courts and administrative agencies, and is periodically subject to government examinations, inquiries and investigations. Pursuant to FASB Accounting Standards Codification 450 Contingencies, the Company has accrued for losses associated with investigations, claims, and litigation when, and to the extent that, loss amounts related to the investigations, claims, and litigation are probable and can be reasonably estimated. The actual losses that might be incurred to resolve such investigations, claims, and litigation may be higher or lower than the amounts accrued. For matters where a material loss is probable or reasonably possible and the amount of loss cannot be reasonably estimated, but the Company is able to reasonably estimate a range of possible losses, the Company will disclose such estimated range in these notes. This estimated range is based on information currently available to the Company and involves elements of judgment and significant uncertainties. Any estimated range of possible loss does not represent the Company's maximum possible loss exposure. For matters as to which the Company is not able to reasonably estimate a possible loss or range of loss, the Company will indicate the reasons why it is unable to estimate the possible loss

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or range of loss. For matters not specifically described in these notes, the Company does not believe, based on information currently available to it, that it is reasonably possible that the liabilities, if any, arising from such investigations, claims, and litigation will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The Company has, in certain cases, provided disclosure regarding certain matters for which the Company believes at this time that the likelihood of material loss is remote.

False Claims Act Complaint - In 2015, the Company received a Civil Investigative Demand from the Department of Justice ("DoJ") relating to an investigation of certain allegedly non-conforming parts the Company purchased from one of its suppliers for use in connection with U.S. Government contracts. The Company has cooperated with the DoJ in connection with its investigation. In 2016, the Company was made aware that it is a defendant in a False Claims Act lawsuit filed under seal in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Florida related to the Company’s purchases of the allegedly non-conforming parts from the supplier. Depending upon the outcome of this matter, the Company could be subject to civil penalties, damages, and/or suspension or debarment from future U.S. Government contracts, which could have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The matter remains sealed and given the current posture of the matter, the Company is unable to estimate an amount or range of reasonably possible loss or to express an opinion regarding the ultimate outcome.

U.S. Government Investigations and Claims - Departments and agencies of the U.S. Government have the authority to investigate various transactions and operations of the Company, and the results of such investigations may lead to administrative, civil, or criminal proceedings, the ultimate outcome of which could be fines, penalties, repayments or compensatory, treble, or other damages. U.S. Government regulations provide that certain findings against a contractor may also lead to suspension or debarment from future U.S. Government contracts or the loss of export privileges. Any suspension or debarment would have a material effect on the Company because of its reliance on government contracts.

Asbestos Related Claims - HII and its predecessors-in-interest are defendants in a longstanding series of cases that have been and continue to be filed in various jurisdictions around the country, wherein former and current employees and various third parties allege exposure to asbestos containing materials while on or associated with HII premises or while working on vessels constructed or repaired by HII. The cases allege various injuries, including those associated with pleural plaque disease, asbestosis, cancer, mesothelioma, and other alleged asbestos related conditions. In some cases, several of HII's former executive officers are also named as defendants. In some instances, partial or full insurance coverage is available to the Company for its liability and that of its former executive officers. The costs to resolve cases during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, were immaterial individually and in the aggregate. The Company’s estimate of asbestos-related liabilities is subject to uncertainty because liabilities are influenced by numerous variables that are inherently difficult to predict. Key variables include the number and type of new claims, the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from case to case, reforms made by state and federal courts, and the passage of state or federal tort reform legislation. Although the Company believes the ultimate resolution of current cases will not have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, it cannot predict what new or revised claims or litigation might be asserted or what information might come to light and can, therefore, give no assurances regarding the ultimate outcome of asbestos related litigation.

Other Litigation - On March 29, 2019, a new dry dock being transported for delivery to Ingalls by a heavy lift ship struck an Ingalls work barge, which in turn was pushed into Delbert D. Black (DDG 119) causing damage to Delbert D. Black (DDG 119), the work barge, and the new dry dock. At the time of the incident, responsibility for the new dry dock remained with the builder and the transport company. The Company and the U.S. Navy are in the process of estimating the damage to Delbert D. Black (DDG 119), and repair work has begun at Navy direction. The Company is working with the U.S. Navy to ascertain whether one or more third parties will pay for the repairs to Delbert D. Black (DDG 119) or whether the repairs will be paid for pursuant to the builder's risk insurance as contained in the Delbert D. Black (DDG 119) contract. The Company is also estimating other direct and consequential damages, which include damages to the facility as well as schedule and delay impacts resulting from the incident. On April 11, 2019, the Company filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi seeking, among other relief, to arrest the heavy lift ship. On April 16, 2019, $75 million in security was posted, eliminating the need to arrest the heavy lift ship. The court can reduce the amount of that security in the event it determines that the heavy lift ship’s value is less than $75 million. Based on information currently available, management believes it will collect sufficient funds from one or more third parties to compensate for the resulting direct and consequential damages, but failure to collect sufficient funds or the length of time required to collect such funds could result in a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

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The Company and its predecessor-in-interest have been in litigation with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (the "Republic") since 2002 over a contract for the repair, refurbishment, and modernization at Ingalls of two foreign-built frigates. The case proceeded towards arbitration, then appeared to settle favorably, but the settlement was overturned in court and the matter returned to litigation. In March 2014, the Company filed an arbitral statement of claim asserting breaches of the contract. In July 2014, the Republic filed a statement of defense in the arbitration denying all the Company’s allegations and a counterclaim alleging late redelivery of the frigates, unfinished work, and breach of warranty. In February 2018, the arbitral tribunal awarded the Company approximately $151 million on its claims and awarded the Republic approximately $22 million on its counterclaims. The Company is seeking to enforce and execute upon the award in multiple jurisdictions. No assurances can be provided regarding the ultimate resolution of this matter.

The Company is party to various other claims, legal proceedings and investigations that arise in the ordinary course of business, including U.S. Government investigations that could result in administrative, civil, or criminal proceedings involving the Company. The Company is a contractor with the U.S. Government, and such proceedings can therefore include False Claims Act allegations against the Company. Although the Company believes that the resolution of these other claims, legal proceedings and investigations will not have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, the Company cannot predict what new or revised claims or litigation might be asserted or what information might come to light and can, therefore, give no assurances regarding the ultimate outcome of these matters.

15. LEASES

The Company leases certain land, warehouses, office space, and production, office, and technology equipment, among other items. Most equipment is leased on a monthly basis. Many land, warehouse, and office space leases include renewal terms that can extend the lease term. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are generally limited by the expected lease term. Our lease agreements do not generally contain material residual value guarantees, material restrictive covenants, or purchase options. Our lease portfolio consists primarily of operating leases. Amounts prior to January 1, 2019 are reported under Topic 840 and amounts after January 1, 2019 are reported under Topic 842 in accordance with ASU 2016-02.

Lease costs and other information were as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31
($ in millions)	2019
Operating lease costs	$	11
Short-term operating lease costs	$	5
Variable operating lease costs	$	1
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(11	)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	13
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) - operating leases	11
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	4.5		%

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The undiscounted future non-cancellable lease payments under our operating leases are as follows:



Year:	March 31 2019		December 31 2018
2019	$	46	$	41
2020	40		36
2021	34		30
2022	27		20
2023	20		13
Thereafter	119		56
Total Lease payments	286		196
Less: imputed interest	66		—
Present value of lease liabilities	$	220	$	—

16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Contract Performance Contingencies - Contract profit margins may include estimates of revenues for matters on which the customer and the Company have not reached agreement, such as settlements in the process of negotiation, contract changes, claims, and requests for equitable adjustment for unanticipated contract costs. These estimates are based upon management's best assessment of the underlying causal events and circumstances and are included in contract profit margins to the extent of expected recovery based upon contractual entitlements and the probability of successful negotiation with the customer. As of March 31, 2019, recognized amounts related to claims and requests for equitable adjustment were not material individually or in aggregate.

Guarantees of Performance Obligations - From time to time in the ordinary course of business, HII may enter into joint ventures, teaming, and other business arrangements to support the Company's products and services. The Company attempts to limit its exposure under these arrangements to its investment or the extent of obligations under the applicable contract. In some cases, however, HII may be required to guarantee performance of the arrangement's obligations and, in such cases, generally obtains cross-indemnification from the other members of the arrangement.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may guarantee obligations of its subsidiaries under certain contracts. Generally, the Company is liable under such an arrangement only if its subsidiary is unable to perform its obligations. Historically, the Company has not incurred any substantial liabilities resulting from these guarantees. As of March 31, 2019, the Company was not aware of any existing event of default that would require it to satisfy any of these guarantees.

Environmental Matters -The estimated cost to complete environmental remediation has been accrued when it is probable that the Company will incur such costs in the future to address environmental conditions at currently or formerly owned or leased operating facilities, or at sites where it has been named a Potentially Responsible Party ("PRP") by the Environmental Protection Agency or similarly designated by another environmental agency, and the related costs can be estimated by management. These accruals do not include any litigation costs related to environmental matters, nor do they include amounts recorded as asset retirement obligations. To assess the potential impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements, management estimates the range of reasonably possible remediation costs that could be incurred by the Company, taking into account currently available facts on each site, as well as the current state of technology and prior experience remediating contaminated sites. These estimates are reviewed periodically and adjusted to reflect changes in facts and technical and legal circumstances. Management estimated that as of March 31, 2019, the probable estimable future cost for environmental remediation was immaterial. Factors that could result in changes to the Company's estimates include: modification of planned remedial actions, increases or decreases in the estimated time required to remediate, changes to the determination of legally responsible parties, discovery of more extensive contamination than anticipated, changes in laws and regulations affecting remediation requirements, and improvements in remediation technology. Should other PRPs not pay their allocable share of remediation costs, the Company may incur costs exceeding those already estimated and accrued. In addition, there are certain potential remediation sites where the costs of remediation cannot be reasonably estimated. Although management cannot predict whether new information gained as remediation progresses will materially affect the estimated liability

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accrued, management does not believe that future remediation expenditures will have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Financial Arrangements - In the ordinary course of business, HII uses standby letters of credit issued by commercial banks and surety bonds issued by insurance companies primarily to support the Company's self-insured workers' compensation plans. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had $22 million in standby letters of credit issued but undrawn, as indicated in Note 13: Debt, and $275 million of surety bonds outstanding.

U.S. Government Claims - From time to time, the U.S. Government communicates to the Company potential claims, disallowed costs, and penalties concerning prior costs incurred by the Company with which the U.S. Government disagrees. When such preliminary findings are presented, the Company and U.S. Government representatives engage in discussions, from which HII evaluates the merits of the claims and assesses the amounts being questioned. Although the Company believes that the resolution of any of these matters will not have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, it cannot predict the ultimate outcome of these matters.

On March 8, 2019, the Company's Newport News segment received corrective action requests from the Newport News contracting officer resulting from an audit of its material management accounting system ("MMAS") by the Defense Contract Audit Agency ("DCAA"). The Company provided a corrective action plan to the contracting officer on April 22, 2019, and will continue working with the U.S. Government to ensure all outstanding corrective actions are addressed.

Collective Bargaining Agreements - Of the Company's approximately 40,000 employees, approximately 50% are covered by a total of nine collective bargaining agreements and two site stabilization agreements. Newport News has four collective bargaining agreements covering represented employees, which expire in December 2019, November 2020, November 2021, and December 2022. The collective bargaining agreement that expires in November 2021 covers approximately 50% of Newport News employees. Newport News craft workers employed at the Kesselring Site near Saratoga Springs, New York are represented under an indefinite Department of Energy ("DoE") site agreement. Ingalls has five collective bargaining agreements covering represented employees, all of which expire in March 2022. Approximately 35 Technical Solutions craft employees at the Hanford Site near Richland, Washington are represented under an indefinite DoE site stabilization agreement. The Company believes its relationship with its employees is satisfactory.

Collective bargaining agreements generally expire after three to five years and are subject to renegotiation at that time. The Company does not expect the results of these negotiations, either individually or in the aggregate, to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated results of operations.

17. EMPLOYEE PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS

The Company provides eligible employees defined benefit pension plans, postretirement benefit plans, and defined contribution pension plans.

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The costs of the Company's defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, were as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31
	Pension Benefits						Other Benefits
($ in millions)	2019			2018			2019			2018
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
Service cost	$	36		$	39		$	2		$	2
Interest cost	69			64			5			5
Expected return on plan assets	(102		)	(107		)	—			—
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)	5			6			(5		)	(5		)
Amortization of net actuarial loss (gain)	28			20			(3		)	(1		)
Net periodic benefit cost	$	36		$	22		$	(1	)	$	1

The Company made the following contributions to its defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:



	Three Months Ended March 31
($ in millions)	2019		2018
Pension plans
Qualified minimum	$	—	$	—
Discretionary
Qualified	1		34
Non-qualified	2		2
Other benefit plans	7		7
Total contributions	$	10	$	43

For the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company expects cash contributions to its qualified defined benefit plans to be $21 million, all of which will be discretionary.

18. STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS

During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company issued new stock awards as follows:

Restricted Performance Stock Rights - For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company granted approximately 0.1 million RPSRs at a weighted average share price of $210.24. These rights are subject to cliff vesting on December 31, 2021. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company granted approximately 0.1 million RPSRs at a weighted average share price of $262.76. These rights are subject to cliff vesting on December 31, 2020. All of the RPSRs are subject to the achievement of performance-based targets at the end of the respective vesting periods and will ultimately vest between 0% and 200% of grant date value.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, 0.3 million and 0.2 million stock awards vested, respectively, of which approximately 0.1 million for each year were transferred to the Company from employees in satisfaction of minimum tax withholding obligations.

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The following table summarizes the status of the Company's outstanding stock awards as of March 31, 2019.



	Stock Awards (in thousands)	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
Total stock awards	369	$	201.82	1.5

Compensation Expense

The Company recorded stock-based compensation for the value of awards granted to Company employees and non-employee members of the board of directors for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, of $5 million and $7 million, respectively.

The Company recorded tax benefits related to stock awards of $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company recognized tax benefits associated with the issuance of stock in settlement of stock awards for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, of $5 million and $7 million, respectively.

Unrecognized Compensation Expense

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had less than $1 million of unrecognized compensation expense associated with Restricted Stock Rights granted in 2018 and 2017, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.1 years, and $46 million of unrecognized compensation expense associated with RPSRs granted in 2019, 2018, and 2017, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.8 years.

19. SUBSIDIARY GUARANTORS

As described in Note 13, the Company issued senior notes through the consolidating parent company, HII. Performance of the Company's obligations under its senior notes outstanding as of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, including any repurchase obligations resulting from a change of control, is fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on an unsecured basis, by each of HII's existing and future material domestic subsidiaries ("Subsidiary Guarantors"). The Subsidiary Guarantors are 100% owned by HII. Under SEC Regulation S-X Rule 3-10, each HII subsidiary that did not provide a guarantee ("Non-Guarantors") is minor and HII, as the parent company issuer, did not have independent assets or operations. There are no significant restrictions on the ability of the parent company and the Subsidiary Guarantors to obtain funds from their respective subsidiaries by dividend or loan, except those imposed by applicable law.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

OVERVIEW

Our Business

Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc. ("HII", "we", "us", or "our") is America’s largest military shipbuilding company and a provider of professional services to partners in government and industry. For more than a century, our Ingalls segment in Mississippi and Newport News segment in Virginia have built more ships in more ship classes than any other U.S. naval shipbuilder. We also provide a range of services to the governmental, energy, and oil and gas markets through our Technical Solutions segment. Headquartered in Newport News, Virginia, HII employs approximately 40,000 people domestically and internationally.

We conduct most of our business with the U.S. Government, primarily the DoD. As prime contractor, principal subcontractor, team member, or partner, we participate in many high-priority U.S. defense technology programs. Ingalls includes our non-nuclear ship design, construction, repair, and maintenance businesses. Newport News includes all of our nuclear ship design, construction, overhaul, refueling, and repair and maintenance businesses. Our Technical Solutions segment provides a wide range of professional services, including fleet support, MDIS, nuclear and environmental, and oil and gas services.

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The following discussion should be read along with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Business Environment

In August 2011, the Budget Control Act (the "BCA") established limits on U.S. Government discretionary spending, including a reduction of defense spending by approximately $487 billion for fiscal years 2012 through 2021. The BCA also provided that the defense budget would face “sequestration” cuts of up to an additional $500 billion during that same period, to the extent that discretionary spending limits are exceeded, and $500 billion for non-defense discretionary spending, including the U.S. Coast Guard.

The Bi-Partisan Budget Act ("BBA") of 2018 provided sequestration relief for fiscal years 2018 and 2019 and raised the budget topline for defense and non-defense discretionary spending. However, sequestration remains in effect for fiscal years 2020 and 2021. Long-term uncertainty remains with respect to overall levels of defense spending across the future years' defense plan, and it is likely that U.S. Government discretionary spending levels will continue to be subject to significant pressure.

While appropriations measures for fiscal year 2019 that funded the Department of Defense, Department of Energy, and a limited number of other federal agencies were passed on time, an omnibus appropriations measure for the Department of Homeland Security and six additional federal agencies was not enacted until February 15, 2019, following a government shutdown. The President's budget request for fiscal year 2020 was released on March 11, 2019, and is under consideration by Congress. While the budget request reflects continued investment in submarines, destroyers, aircraft carriers, and amphibious warships, it proposes canceling the refueling and complex overhaul of USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75). We cannot predict the outcome of the fiscal year 2020 budget process or the impact that sequestration cuts, reprioritization of readiness and modernization investment, or lack of appropriations to fund the U.S. government for fiscal year 2020 may have on funding for our individual programs. Long-term funding for certain programs in which we participate may be reduced, delayed, or canceled. In addition, spending cuts and/or reprioritization of defense investment could adversely affect the viability of our suppliers, subcontractors, and employee base. Our contracts or subcontracts under programs in which we participate may be terminated or adjusted by the U.S. Government or the prime contractor as a result of lack of government funding or reductions or delays in government funding. Significant reductions in the number of ships procured by the U.S. Navy or significant delays in funding our ship programs would have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

The budget environment, including sequestration as currently mandated, remains a significant long-term risk. Considerable uncertainty exists regarding how future budget and program decisions will develop and what challenges budget changes will present for the defense industry. We believe continued budget pressures that result from sequestration and other budget priorities will have serious implications for defense discretionary spending, the defense industrial base, including us, and the customers, employees, suppliers, subcontractors, investors, and communities that rely on companies in the defense industrial base. Although it is difficult to determine specific impacts, we expect that over the longer term, the budget environment may result in fewer contract awards and lower revenues, profits, and cash flows from our U.S. Government contracts. Congress continues to consider various options to address sequestration for fiscal years 2020 and 2021, but we cannot predict the outcome of these efforts. It is likely that budget and program decisions made in this environment will have long-term impacts on us and the entire defense industry.

Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates, and Judgments

As discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, we consider our policies relating to the following matters to be critical accounting policies:


•	Revenue recognition;


•	Purchase accounting, goodwill, and intangible assets;


•	Litigation, commitments, and contingencies;


•	Retirement related benefit plans; and

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•	Workers' compensation.

As of March 31, 2019, there had been no material changes to the foregoing critical accounting policies, estimates, and judgments since December 31, 2018.

Contracts

We generate most of our revenues from long-term U.S. Government contracts for design, production, and support activities. Government contracts typically include the following cost elements: direct material, labor and subcontracting costs, and certain indirect costs, including allowable general and administrative expenses. Unless otherwise specified in a contract, costs billed to contracts with the U.S. Government are treated as allowable and allocable costs under the Federal Acquisition Regulation ("FAR") and the U.S. Cost Accounting Standards ("CAS") regulations. Examples of costs incurred by us that are not allowable under the FAR and CAS regulations include certain legal costs, lobbying costs, charitable donations, interest expense, and advertising costs.

We monitor our policies and procedures with respect to our contracts on a regular basis to ensure consistent application under similar terms and conditions, as well as compliance with all applicable government regulations. In addition, the Defense Contract Audit Agency routinely audits the costs we incur that are allocated to contracts with the U.S. Government.

Our contracts typically fall into one of four categories: firm fixed-price, fixed-price incentive, cost-type, and time and materials. See Note 8: Revenue.


•	Firm Fixed-Price Contracts - A firm fixed-price contract is a contract in which the specified scope of work is agreed to for a price that is predetermined by bid or negotiation and not generally subject to adjustment regardless of costs incurred by the contractor.


•	Fixed-Price Incentive Contracts - Fixed-price incentive contracts provide for reimbursement of the contractor's allowable costs, but are subject to a cost-share limit that affects profitability. Fixed-price incentive contracts effectively become firm fixed-price contracts once the cost-share limit is reached.


•	Cost-Type Contracts - Cost-type contracts provide for reimbursement of the contractor's allowable costs plus a fee that represents profit. Cost-type contracts generally require that the contractor use its reasonable efforts to accomplish the scope of the work within some specified time and some stated dollar limitation.


•	Time and Materials - Time and materials contracts specify a fixed hourly billing rate for each direct labor hour expended and reimbursement for allowable material costs and expenses.

Contract Fees - Negotiated contract fee structures include: fixed fee amounts, cost sharing arrangements to reward or penalize contractors for under or over cost target performance, respectively, positive award fees, and negative penalty arrangements. Profit margins may vary materially depending on the negotiated contract fee arrangements, percentage-of-completion of the contract, the achievement of performance objectives, and the stage of performance at which the right to receive fees, particularly under incentive and award fee contracts, is finally determined.

Award Fees - Certain contracts contain award fees based on performance criteria such as cost, schedule, quality, and technical performance. Award fees are determined and earned based on an evaluation by the customer of our performance against such negotiated criteria. We consider award fees to be variable consideration and generally include these fees in the transaction price using a most likely amount approach. Award fees are limited to the extent of funding allotted by the customer and available for performance and those amounts for which a significant reversal of revenue is not probable.

Program Descriptions

For convenience, a brief description of certain programs discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is included in the "Glossary of Programs" in this section.

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CONSOLIDATED OPERATING RESULTS

The following table presents selected financial highlights:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31						2019 over 2018
($ in millions)	2019			2018			Dollars			Percent
Sales and service revenues	$	2,080		$	1,874		$	206		11	%
Cost of product sales and service revenues	1,752			1,495			257			17	%
Income from operating investments, net	4			2			2			100	%
Other income and gains	—			2			(2		)	(100	)%
General and administrative expenses	171			192			(21		)	(11	)%
Operating income	161			191			(30		)	(16	)%
Other income (expense)
Interest expense	(16		)	(15		)	(1		)	(7	)%
Non-operating retirement expense	3			18			(15		)	(83	)%
Other, net	1			1			—			—	%
Federal and foreign income taxes	31			39			(8		)	(21	)%
Net earnings	$	118		$	156		$	(38	)	(24	)%

Operating Performance Assessment and Reporting

We manage and assess the performance of our business based on our performance on individual contracts and programs using the financial measures referred to below, with consideration given to the Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates, and Judgments referred to in this section. Our portfolio of long-term contracts is largely flexibly-priced. Therefore, sales tend to fluctuate in concert with costs across our large portfolio of active contracts, with operating income being a critical measure of operating performance. Under FAR rules that govern our business with the U.S. Government, most types of costs are allowable, and we do not focus on individual cost groupings, such as cost of sales or general and administrative expenses, as much as we do on total contract costs, which are a key factor in determining contract operating income. As a result, in evaluating our operating performance, we look primarily at changes in sales and service revenues, as well as operating income, including the effects of significant changes in operating income as a result of changes in contract estimates and the use of the cumulative catch-up method of accounting in accordance with GAAP. This approach is consistent with the long-term life cycle of our contracts, as management assesses the bidding of each contract by focusing on net sales and operating profit and monitors performance in a similar manner through contract completion. Consequently, our discussion of business segment performance focuses on net sales and operating profit, consistent with our approach for managing our business.

Cost of sales for both product sales and service revenues consists of materials, labor, and subcontracting costs, as well as an allocation of indirect costs for overhead. We manage the type and amount of costs at the contract level, which is the basis for estimating our total costs at completion of our contracts. Unusual fluctuations in operating performance driven by changes in a specific cost element across multiple contracts are described in our analysis.

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Sales and Service Revenues

Sales and service revenues were comprised as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31				2019 over 2018
($ in millions)	2019		2018		Dollars		Percent
Product sales	$	1,490	$	1,370	$	120	9	%
Service revenues	590		504		86		17	%
Sales and service revenues	$	2,080	$	1,874	$	206	11	%

Product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2019, increased $120 million, or 9%, compared with the same period in 2018. Ingalls product sales increased $4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of higher volumes in amphibious assault ships and the Legend class NSC program, partially offset by lower volumes in surface combatants. Newport News product sales increased $117 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of higher volumes in aircraft carriers and submarines. Technical Solutions product sales decreased $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of lower volumes across its products.

Service revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019, increased $86 million, or 17%, compared with the same period in 2018. Ingalls service revenues decreased $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as a result of lower volumes in surface combatant services, partially offset by higher volumes in amphibious assault ship services. Newport News service revenues increased $66 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of higher volumes in naval nuclear support services and aircraft carrier services, partially offset by lower volume in submarine services. Technical Solutions service revenues increased $25 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of higher volumes in oil and gas services, as well as the inclusion of Fulcrum and G2, partially offset by lower volumes in nuclear and environmental services.

Cost of Sales and Service Revenues

Cost of product sales, cost of service revenues, income from operating investments, net, and general and administrative expenses were as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31						2019 over 2018
($ in millions)	2019			2018			Dollars			Percent
Cost of product sales	$	1,258		$	1,063		$	195		18	%
% of product sales	84.4		%	77.6		%
Cost of service revenues	494			432			62			14	%
% of service revenues	83.7		%	85.7		%
Income from operating investments, net	4			2			2			100	%
Other income and gains	—			2			(2		)	(100	)%
General and administrative expenses	171			192			(21		)	(11	)%
% of sales and service revenues	8.2		%	10.2		%
Cost of sales and service revenues	$	1,919		$	1,683		$	236		14	%

Cost of Product Sales

Cost of product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2019, increased $195 million, or 18%, compared with the same period in 2018. Ingalls cost of product sales increased $37 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of higher volumes and lower risk retirement in amphibious assault ships, as well as higher volumes on the Legend class NSC program, partially offset by lower volumes in surface combatants, as well as one time employee bonus payments in 2018 related to the Tax Act. Newport News cost of product sales increased $129 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of the volume increases

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described above and lower performance on the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program, partially offset by one time employee bonus payments in 2018 related to the Tax Act. Technical Solutions cost of product sales decreased $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the lower volumes described above. Cost of product sales related to the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment increased $30 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as described below.

Cost of product sales as a percentage of product sales increased from 77.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2018, to 84.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase was primarily due to an unfavorable change in the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment, lower risk retirement on the San Antonio class (LPD 17) program, lower performance on the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program, and year-to-year variances in contract mix, partially offset by one time employee bonus payments in 2018 related to the Tax Act.

Cost of Service Revenues

Cost of service revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019, increased $62 million, or 14%, compared with the same period in 2018. Ingalls cost of service revenues decreased $11 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of the volume changes described above and the recognition in 2018 of a loss on a long-term design contract. Newport News cost of service revenues increased $40 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily as a result of the volume changes described above. Technical Solutions cost of service revenues increased $25 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the volume changes described above and lower performance on MDIS services, partially offset by one time employee bonus payments in 2018 related to the Tax Act. Cost of service revenues related to the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment increased $8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as described below.

Cost of service revenues as a percentage of service revenues decreased from 85.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2018, to 83.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily driven by higher risk retirement in naval nuclear support services, one time employee bonus payments in 2018 related to the Tax Act, and the recognition in 2018 of a loss on a long-term design contract, partially offset by an unfavorable change in the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment and year-to-year variances in contract mix.

Income (Loss) from Operating Investments, Net

The activities of our operating investments are closely aligned with the operations of the segments holding the investments. We therefore record income related to earnings from equity method investments in our operating income.

Income from operating investments, net increased $2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to higher equity income from our nuclear and environmental joint ventures.

Other Income and Gains

Other income and gains for the three months ended March 31, 2019, decreased $2 million from the same period in 2018, primarily due to gains on the disposal of operating assets in 2018.

General and Administrative Expenses

In accordance with industry practice and the regulations that govern the cost accounting requirements for government contracts, most general and administrative expenses are considered allowable and allocable costs on government contracts. These costs are allocated to contracts in progress on a systematic basis and contract performance factors include this cost component as an element of cost.

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019, decreased $21 million from the same period in 2018, primarily driven by lower overhead costs and current state income tax expense, partially offset by unfavorable changes in non-current state income tax expense and the addition of Fulcrum and G2.

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Operating Income

We consider operating income to be an important measure for evaluating our operating performance, and, as is typical in the industry, we define operating income as revenues less the related cost of producing the revenues and general and administrative expenses.

We internally manage our operations by reference to "segment operating income," which is defined as operating income before the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment and non-current state income taxes, neither of which affects segment performance. Segment operating income is not a recognized measure under GAAP. When analyzing our operating performance, investors should use segment operating income in addition to, and not as an alternative for, operating income or any other performance measure presented in accordance with GAAP. It is a measure we use to evaluate our core operating performance. We believe segment operating income reflects an additional way of viewing aspects of our operations that, when viewed with our GAAP results, provides a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business. We believe the measure is used by investors and is a useful indicator to measure our performance. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of segment operating income may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

The following table reconciles operating income to segment operating income:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31						2019 over 2018
($ in millions)	2019			2018			Dollars			Percent
Operating income	$	161		$	191		$	(30	)	(16	)%
Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment	(34		)	(72		)	38			53	%
Non-current state income taxes	2			(2		)	4			200	%
Segment operating income	$	129		$	117		$	12		10	%

Segment Operating Income

Segment operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $129 million, an increase of $12 million from the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily due to higher volume at our Newport News segment and one time employee bonus payments in 2018 related to the Tax Act, partially offset by lower risk retirement on the San Antonio class (LPD 17) program and lower performance on the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program.

Activity within each segment is discussed in Segment Operating Results below.

FAS/CAS Adjustment and Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment

The FAS/CAS Adjustment reflects the difference between expenses for pension and other postretirement benefits determined in accordance with GAAP ("FAS") and the expenses determined in accordance with U.S. Cost Accounting Standards ("CAS"). The Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment excludes the following components of net periodic benefit costs: interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost (credit) and actuarial loss (gain), and settlement and curtailment effects.

The components of the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment were as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31						2019 over 2018
($ in millions)	2019			2018			Dollars			Percent
FAS expense	$	(35	)	$	(23	)	$	(12	)	(52	)%
CAS cost	72			113			(41		)	(36	)%
FAS/CAS Adjustment	37			90			(53		)	(59	)%
Non-operating retirement benefit	(3		)	(18		)	15			83	%
Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment	$	34		$	72		$	(38	)	(53	)%

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The Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment was a net benefit of $34 million and $72 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The unfavorable change in the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment of $38 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018, was primarily driven by the more immediate recognition of higher interest rates under CAS.

Non-current State Income Taxes

Non-current state income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $2 million, compared to a non-current state income tax benefit of $2 million for the same period in 2018. The unfavorable change in non-current state income taxes was driven by an increase in deferred state income tax expense primarily attributable to changes in the timing of contract taxable income.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019, increased $1 million, compared with the same period in 2018, primarily due to an increase in borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

Non-Operating Retirement Expense

The non-operating retirement expense includes the following components of net periodic benefit costs: interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost (credit) and actuarial loss (gain), and settlement and curtailment effects. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the unfavorable change in the non-operating retirement expense of $15 million was primarily driven by lower 2018 returns on plan assets.

Federal and Foreign Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate on earnings from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was 20.8%, compared with 20.0% for the same period in 2018. The higher effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was primarily attributable to a reduction in the income tax benefits resulting from stock award settlement activity. For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, our effective tax rate differed from the federal statutory rate primarily as a result of the income tax benefits resulting from stock award settlement activity. See Note 12: Income Taxes and Note 18: Stock Compensation Plans.

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SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS

Basis of Presentation

We are organized into three reportable segments: Ingalls, Newport News, and Technical Solutions.

The following table presents segment operating results:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31						2019 over 2018
($ in millions)	2019			2018			Dollars			Percent
Sales and Service Revenues
Ingalls	$	584		$	585		$	(1	)	—	%
Newport News	1,265			1,082			183			17	%
Technical Solutions	257			233			24			10	%
Intersegment eliminations	(26		)	(26		)	—			—	%
Sales and service revenues	$	2,080		$	1,874		$	206		11	%
Operating Income
Ingalls	$	46		$	64		$	(18	)	(28	)%
Newport News	78			51			27			53	%
Technical Solutions	5			2			3			150	%
Segment operating income	129			117			12			10	%
Non-segment factors affecting operating income (loss)
Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment	34			72			(38		)	(53	)%
Non-current state income taxes	(2		)	2			(4		)	(200	)%
Operating income	$	161		$	191		$	(30	)	(16	)%

KEY SEGMENT FINANCIAL MEASURES

Sales and Service Revenues

Period-to-period revenues reflect performance under new and ongoing contracts. Changes in sales and service revenues are typically expressed in terms of volume. Unless otherwise described, volume generally refers to increases (or decreases) in reported revenues due to varying production activity levels, delivery rates, or service levels on individual contracts. Volume changes will typically carry a corresponding income change based on the margin rate for a particular contract.

Segment Operating Income

Segment operating income reflects the aggregate performance results of contracts within a segment. Excluded from this measure are certain costs not directly associated with contract performance, such as the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment and non-current state income taxes. Changes in segment operating income are typically expressed in terms of volume, as discussed above, or performance. Performance refers to changes in contract margin rates. These changes typically relate to profit recognition associated with revisions to estimated costs at completion ("EAC") that reflect improved or deteriorated operating performance on that contract. Operating income changes are accounted for on a cumulative to date basis at the time an EAC change is recorded. Segment operating income may also be affected by, among other things, contract performance, the effects of workforce stoppages, the effects of natural disasters such as hurricanes, resolution of disputed items with the customer, recovery of insurance proceeds, and other discrete events. At the completion of a long-term contract, any originally estimated costs not incurred or reserves not fully utilized, such as warranty reserves, could also impact contract earnings. Where such items have occurred and the effects are material, a separate description is provided.

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Cumulative Adjustments

For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, favorable and unfavorable cumulative catch-up adjustments were as follows:



	Three Months Ended
	March 31
($ in millions)	2019			2018
Gross favorable adjustments	$	31		$	52
Gross unfavorable adjustments	(37		)	(24		)
Net adjustments	$	(6	)	$	28

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, favorable cumulative catch-up adjustments were related to risk retirement on naval nuclear support services and other individually insignificant adjustments. During the same period, none of the unfavorable cumulative catch-up adjustments were individually significant.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, favorable cumulative catch-up adjustments were related to risk retirement on the San Antonio class (LPD 17) program and other individually insignificant adjustments. During the same period, none of the unfavorable cumulative catch-up adjustments were individually significant.

Ingalls



	Three Months Ended
	March 31						2019 over 2018
($ in millions)	2019			2018			Dollars			Percent
Sales and service revenues	$	584		$	585		$	(1	)	—	%
Segment operating income	46			64			(18		)	(28	)%
As a percentage of segment sales	7.9		%	10.9		%

Sales and Service Revenues

Ingalls revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019, decreased $1 million from the same period in 2018, primarily driven by lower revenues in surface combatants, partially offset by higher revenues in amphibious assault ships and the Legend class NSC program. Surface combatant revenues decreased due to lower volumes on Delbert D. Black (DDG 119), Paul Ignatius (DDG 117), and Frank E. Petersen Jr. (DDG 121), partially offset by higher volumes on USS Fitzgerald (DDG 62) repair and restoration and Ted Stevens (DDG 128). Amphibious assault ship revenues increased as a result of higher volumes on Bougainville (LHA 8) and Richard M. McCool Jr. (LPD 29), partially offset by lower volumes on Tripoli (LHA 7) and the delivered USS Portland (LPD 27), as well as lower risk retirement on the San Antonio class (LPD 17) program. Revenues on the Legend class NSC program increased due to higher volumes on NSC 10 (unnamed) and NSC 11 (unnamed), partially offset by lower volume on Kimball (NSC 7).

Segment Operating Income

Ingalls segment operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $46 million, compared with $64 million for the same period in 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower risk retirement on the San Antonio class (LPD 17) program, partially offset by one time employee bonus payments in 2018 related to the Tax Act.

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Newport News



	Three Months Ended
	March 31						2019 over 2018
($ in millions)	2019			2018			Dollars		Percent
Sales and service revenues	$	1,265		$	1,082		$	183	17	%
Segment operating income	78			51			27		53	%
As a percentage of segment sales	6.2		%	4.7		%

Sales and Service Revenues

Newport News revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019, increased $183 million, or 17%, from the same period in 2018, primarily driven by higher revenues in aircraft carriers, naval nuclear support services, and submarines. Aircraft carrier revenues increased primarily as a result of higher volumes on the advance planning contract for Enterprise (CVN 80), the execution contract for the RCOH of USS George Washington (CVN 73), and the advance planning contract for the RCOH of USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74). Naval nuclear support services revenues increased primarily as a result of higher volumes in submarine support and facility maintenance services. Submarine revenues related to the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program increased due to higher volumes on Block IV and Block V boats, partially offset by lower volumes on Block III boats.

Segment Operating Income

Newport News segment operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $78 million, compared with $51 million for the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily due to the higher volumes described above and one time employee bonus payments in 2018 related to the Tax Act, partially offset by lower performance on the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program.

Technical Solutions



	Three Months Ended
	March 31						2019 over 2018
($ in millions)	2019			2018			Dollars		Percent
Sales and service revenues	$	257		$	233		$	24	10	%
Segment operating income	5			2			3		150	%
As a percentage of segment sales	1.9		%	0.9		%

Sales and Service Revenues

Technical Solutions revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019, increased $24 million, or 10%, from the same period in 2018, primarily due to higher MDIS revenues attributable to the acquisitions of Fulcrum and G2, as well as higher oil and gas revenues, partially offset by lower fleet support revenues.

Segment Operating Income

Technical Solutions segment operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $5 million, compared with $2 million for the same period in 2018. The increase was primarily due to higher equity income from our nuclear and environmental joint ventures and one time employee bonus payments in 2018 related to the Tax Act.

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BACKLOG

Total backlog as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, was approximately $41 billion and $23 billion, respectively. Total backlog includes both funded backlog (firm orders for which funding is contractually obligated by the customer) and unfunded backlog (firm orders for which funding is not currently contractually obligated by the customer). Backlog excludes unexercised contract options and unfunded IDIQ orders. For contracts having no stated contract values, backlog includes only the amounts committed by the customer.

The following table presents funded and unfunded backlog by segment as of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018:



	March 31, 2019						December 31, 2018
					Total						Total
($ in millions)	Funded		Unfunded		Backlog		Funded		Unfunded		Backlog
Ingalls	$	10,825	$	1,541	$	12,366	$	9,943	$	1,422	$	11,365
Newport News	8,615		18,607		27,222		6,767		4,144		10,911
Technical Solutions	513		500		1,013		339		380		719
Total backlog	$	19,953	$	20,648	$	40,601	$	17,049	$	5,946	$	22,995

Approximately 31% of the $23 billion total backlog as of December 31, 2018, is expected to be converted into sales in 2019. U.S. Government orders comprised substantially all of the total backlog as of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018.

Awards

The value of new contract awards during the three months ended March 31, 2019, was approximately $19.6 billion. Significant new awards during the period included contracts for the detail design and construction of the Gerald R. Ford class (CVN 78) aircraft carriers Enterprise (CVN 80) and CVN 81 (unnamed) and the San Antonio class (LPD 17) amphibious transport dock LPD 30 (unnamed).

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We endeavor to ensure the most efficient conversion of operating results into cash for deployment in operating our businesses, implementing our business strategy, and maximizing stockholder value. We use various financial measures to assist in capital deployment decision making, including net cash provided by operating activities and free cash flow. We believe these measures are useful to investors in assessing our financial performance.

The following table summarizes key components of cash flow provided by operating activities:



	Three Months Ended						2019 over
	March 31						2018
($ in millions)	2019			2018			Dollars
Net earnings	$	118		$	156		$	(38	)
Depreciation and amortization	53			51			2
Provision for doubtful accounts	(2		)	—			(2		)
Stock-based compensation	5			7			(2		)
Deferred income taxes	16			5			11
Retiree benefit funding less than (in excess of) expense	25			(20		)	45
Trade working capital decrease (increase)	(204		)	(79		)	(125		)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	11		$	120		$	(109	)

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Cash Flows

We discuss below our major operating, investing, and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, as classified on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $11 million, compared with $120 million provided by operating activities for the same period in 2018. The unfavorable change in operating cash flow was primarily due to changes in trade working capital, partially offset by lower contributions to retiree benefit plans. The change in trade working capital was primarily driven by the timing of receipts of accounts receivable and payments of accounts payable.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we made discretionary contributions to our qualified defined benefit pension plans totaling $1 million, compared with $34 million of discretionary contributions for the same period in 2018. For the year ending December 31, 2019, we expect cash contributions to our qualified defined benefit plans to be $21 million, all of which will be discretionary.

We expect cash generated from operations in combination with our current cash and cash equivalents, as well as existing credit facilities, to be more than sufficient to service debt, meet contractual obligations, and finance capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $269 million, compared with $70 million used in investing activities for the same period in 2018. The increase in investing cash used was driven by the acquisition of Fulcrum. For 2019, we expect our capital expenditures for maintenance and sustainment to be approximately 2% to 2.5% and our discretionary capital expenditures to be approximately 3% to 3.5% of annual revenues.

Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $69 million, compared with $223 million used in financing activities for the same period in 2018. The increase in financing cash was primarily due to $212 million of net proceeds from revolving credit facility borrowings, a decrease of $82 million of common stock repurchases, and a decrease of $2 million in employee taxes on certain share-based payment arrangements, partially offset by a $4 million increase in cash dividend payments.

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow represents cash provided by (used in) operating activities less capital expenditures net of related grant proceeds. Free cash flow is not a measure recognized under GAAP. Free cash flow has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. We believe free cash flow is an important measure for our investors because it provides them insight into our current and period-to-period performance and our ability to generate cash from continuing operations. We also use free cash flow as a key operating metric in assessing the performance of our business and as a key performance measure in evaluating management performance and determining incentive compensation. Free cash flow may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

The following table reconciles net cash provided by operating activities to free cash flow:

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	Three Months Ended						2019 over
	March 31						2018
($ in millions)	2019			2018			Dollars
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	11		$	120		$	(109	)
Less capital expenditures:
Capital expenditure additions	(110		)	(75		)	(35		)
Grant proceeds for capital expenditures	36			2			34
Free cash flow	$	(63	)	$	47		$	(110	)

Free cash flow for the three months ended March 31, 2019, decreased $110 million from the same period in 2018, primarily due to changes in trade working capital, partially offset by lower contributions to retiree benefit plans.

Governmental Regulation and Supervision

The U.S. Government has the ability, pursuant to regulations relating to contractor business systems, to decrease or withhold contract payments if it determines significant deficiencies exist in one or more such systems. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the cumulative amounts of payments withheld by the U.S. Government under our contracts subject to these regulations were not material to our liquidity or cash flows.

On March 8, 2019, our Newport News segment received corrective action requests from the Newport News contracting officer resulting from an audit of its MMAS by DCAA. We provided a corrective action plan to the contracting officer on April 22, 2019, and will continue working with the U.S. Government to ensure all outstanding corrective actions are addressed.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the ordinary course of business, we use standby letters of credit issued by commercial banks and surety bonds issued by insurance companies principally to support our self-insured workers' compensation plans. As of March 31, 2019, we had $22 million in issued but undrawn standby letters of credit and $275 million of surety bonds outstanding.

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATES

See Note 3: Accounting Standards Updates in Part I, Item 1 for information related to accounting standards updates.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND PROJECTIONS

Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), as well as other statements we may make from time to time, other than statements of historical fact, constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in these statements. Factors that may cause such differences include:


•	Changes in government and customer priorities and requirements (including government budgetary constraints, shifts in defense spending, and changes in customer short-range and long-range plans);


•	Our ability to estimate our future contract costs and perform our contracts effectively;


•	Changes in procurement processes and government regulations and our ability to comply with such requirements;


•	Our ability to deliver our products and services at an affordable life cycle cost and compete within our markets;


•	Natural and environmental disasters and political instability;


•	Our ability to execute our strategic plan, including with respect to share repurchases, dividends, capital expenditures, and strategic acquisitions;


•	Adverse economic conditions in the United States and globally;


•	Changes in key estimates and assumptions regarding our pension and retiree health care costs;

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•	Security threats, including cyber security threats, and related disruptions; and


•	Other risk factors discussed herein and in our other filings with the SEC.

There may be other risks and uncertainties that we are unable to predict at this time or that we currently do not expect to have a material adverse effect on our business, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on any forward looking statements that we may make.

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GLOSSARY OF PROGRAMS

Included below are brief descriptions of some of the programs discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.



Program Name		Program Description

America class (LHA 6) amphibious assault ships		Design and build large deck amphibious assault ships that provide forward presence and power projection as an integral part of joint, interagency and multinational maritime expeditionary forces. The America class (LHA 6) ships, together with the Wasp class (LHD 1) ships, are the successors to the decommissioned Tarawa class (LHA 1) ships. The America class (LHA 6) ships optimize aviation operations and support capabilities. We delivered USS America (LHA 6) in April 2014, Tripoli (LHA 7) is scheduled for delivery in 2019, and we are currently constructing Bougainville (LHA 8).

Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) destroyers		Build guided missile destroyers designed for conducting anti-air, anti-submarine, anti-surface, and strike operations. The Aegis-equipped Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) destroyers are the U.S. Navy's primary surface combatant, and have been constructed in variants, allowing technological advances during construction. In 2016 we delivered USS John Finn (DDG 113), and in 2017 we delivered Ralph Johnson (DDG 114). We are constructing five Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) destroyers: Paul Ignatius (DDG 117), Delbert D. Black (DDG 119), Frank E. Petersen Jr. (DDG 121), Lenah H. Sutcliffe Higbee (DDG 123), and Jack H. Lucas (DDG 125).

Carrier RCOH		Perform refueling and complex overhaul ("RCOH") of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, which is required at the mid-point of their 50-year life cycle. USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72) was redelivered to the U.S. Navy in the second quarter of 2017 and USS George Washington (CVN 73) arrived at Newport News for the start of its RCOH in August 2017.

Columbia class (SSBN 826) submarines		Newport News is participating in designing the Columbia class submarine as a replacement for the current aging Ohio class nuclear ballistic missile submarines, which were first introduced into service in 1981. The Ohio class SSBN includes 14 nuclear ballistic missile submarines and four nuclear cruise missile submarines. The Columbia class program plan of record is to construct 12 new ballistic missile submarines. The U.S. Navy has initiated the design process for the new class of submarines, and, in early 2017, the DOD signed the acquisition decision memorandum approving the Columbia class program’s Milestone B, which formally authorizes the program’s entry into the engineering and manufacturing development phase. We perform design work as a subcontractor to Electric Boat, and we have entered into a teaming agreement with Electric Boat to build modules for the entire Columbia class submarine program that leverages our Virginia class (SSN 774) experience. We have been awarded contracts from Electric Boat to begin integrated product and process development and provide long-lead-time material and advance construction for the Columbia class (SSBN 826) program. Construction of the first Columbia class (SSBN 826) submarine is expected to begin in 2021.

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Fleet support services		Provide comprehensive life-cycle sustainment services to the U.S. Navy fleet and other DoD and commercial maritime customers. We provide services including maintenance, modernization, and repair on all ship classes; naval architecture, marine engineering, and design; integrated logistics support; technical documentation development; warehousing, asset management, and material readiness; operational and maintenance training development and delivery; software design and development; IT infrastructure support and data delivery and management; and cyber security and information assurance. We provide undersea vehicle and specialized craft development and prototyping services.

USS Gerald R. Ford class (CVN 78) aircraft carriers		Design and construction for the Ford class program, which is the aircraft carrier replacement program for the decommissioned Enterprise (CVN 65) and Nimitz class (CVN 68) aircraft carriers. USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78), the first ship of the Ford class, was delivered to the U.S. Navy in the second quarter of 2017. In June 2015, we were awarded a contract for the detail design and construction of John F. Kennedy (CVN 79), following several years of engineering, advance construction, and purchase of long-lead time components and material. In addition, we have received awards for detail design and construction of Enterprise (CVN 80) and CVN 81 (unnamed.) This category also includes the class' non-recurring engineering. The class is expected to bring improved warfighting capability, quality of life improvements for sailors, and reduced life cycle costs.

Legend class National Security Cutter		Design and build the U.S. Coast Guard's National Security Cutters ("NSCs"), the largest and most technically advanced class of cutter in the U.S. Coast Guard. The NSC is equipped to carry out maritime homeland security, maritime safety, protection of natural resources, maritime mobility, and national defense missions. The plan is for a total of 11 ships, of which the first seven ships have been delivered. Midgett (NSC 8) and Stone (NSC 9) are currently under construction.

MDIS services		Provide services to DoD, intelligence, and federal civilian customers. Services are performed in six major portfolio areas: modeling, simulation and training, information technology and software application, artificial intelligence and data analytics, mission engineering and operations support, logistics and life cycle management, and cyber space operations.

Naval nuclear support services		Provide services to and in support of the U.S. Navy, ranging from services supporting the Navy's carrier and submarine fleets to maintenance services at U.S. Navy training facilities. Naval nuclear support services include design, construction, maintenance, and disposal activities for in service U.S. Navy nuclear ships worldwide through mobile and in-house capabilities. Services include maintenance services on nuclear reactor prototypes.

Nuclear and environmental services		Provide services in nuclear management and operations, and nuclear and non-nuclear fabrication and repair. We provide site management, nuclear and industrial facilities operations and maintenance, decontamination and decommissioning, and radiological and hazardous waste management services. We provide services, including fabrication, equipment repair, and technical engineering services. We participate in several joint ventures, including N3B, MSTS, and SRNS. N3B was awarded the Los Alamos Legacy Cleanup Contract at the DoE/National Nuclear Security Administration’s Los Alamos National Laboratory. MSTS was awarded a contract for site management and operations at the Nevada National Security Site. SRNS provides site management and operations at the DoE's Savannah River Site near Aiken, South Carolina.

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Oil and gas services		Deliver engineering, procurement, and construction management services to the oil and gas industry for major pipeline, production, and treatment facilities. These services include full life-cycle services for domestic and international projects, from concept identification through detail design, execution and construction, and decommissioning. Related field services include survey, inspection, commissioning and start-up, operations and maintenance, and optimization and debottlenecking.

San Antonio class (LPD 17) amphibious transport dock ships		Design and build amphibious transport dock ships, which are warships that embark, transport, and land elements of a landing force for a variety of expeditionary warfare missions, and also serve as the secondary aviation platform for Amphibious Readiness Groups. The San Antonio class (LPD 17) is the newest addition to the U.S. Navy's 21st century amphibious assault force, and these ships are a key element of the U.S. Navy's seabase transformation. In 2013, we delivered USS Somerset (LPD 25), in 2016, we delivered USS John P. Murtha (LPD 26), and, in 2017, we delivered USS Portland (LPD 27). We are currently constructing Fort Lauderdale (LPD 28) and Richard M. McCool Jr. (LPD 29). The San Antonio class (LPD 17) currently includes a total of 11 ships.

The decommissioned Enterprise (CVN 65)		Defuel and inactivate the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, which began in 2013. The inactivation was completed in the second quarter of 2018.

Virginia class (SSN 774) fast attack submarines		Construct attack submarines as the principal subcontractor to Electric Boat. The Virginia class (SSN 774) is a post-Cold War design tailored to excel in a wide range of warfighting missions, including anti-submarine and surface ship warfare; special operation forces; strike; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; carrier and expeditionary strike group support; and mine warfare.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk, primarily related to interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.

Interest Rates - Our financial instruments subject to interest rate risk include floating rate borrowings under our Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2019, we had $212 million of floating rate debt outstanding under our $1,250 million revolving credit facility. Based on the amounts outstanding under our credit facility as of March 31, 2019, an increase of 1% in interest rates would increase the interest expense on our debt by approximately $2 million on an annual basis.

Foreign Currency - We currently have, and in the future may enter into, foreign currency forward contracts to manage foreign currency exchange rate risk related to payments to suppliers denominated in foreign currencies. As of March 31, 2019, the fair values of our outstanding foreign currency forward contracts were not significant.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of March 31, 2019. Based on that evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of March 31, 2019, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management to allow their timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, no change occurred in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

The Company implemented a new Enterprise Resource Planning ("ERP") system at its Ingalls segment in the first quarter of 2019. The Company followed a system implementation process that required significant pre-implementation planning, design, and testing. The Company also conducted and will continue to conduct extensive post-implementation monitoring and process modifications to ensure that internal controls over financial reporting are properly designed. The Company does not expect this system implementation to have a material effect on its internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We have provided information about legal proceedings in which we are involved in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1, which is incorporated herein by reference. In addition to the matters disclosed in Part I, Item 1, we are a party to various investigations, lawsuits, claims, and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Based on information available to us, we do not believe at this time that any of such other matters will individually, or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. For further information on the risks we face from existing and future investigations, lawsuits, claims, and other legal proceedings, please see "Risk Factors" in Item 1A below.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The Company has no material changes to report from the risk factors described in "Risk Factors" in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On November 7, 2017, the Company's board of directors authorized an increase in the Company's stock repurchase program from $1.2 billion to $2.2 billion and an extension of the term of the program to October 31, 2022. Repurchases are made from time to time at management's discretion in accordance with applicable federal securities laws. All repurchases of HII common stock have been recorded as treasury stock. The following table summarizes information relating to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company of shares of the Company's common stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2019.



Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (in millions)¹
January 1, 2019 to January 31, 2019	105,182	$	194.02	105,182	$	420.1
February 1, 2019 to February 28, 2019	3,000	217.42		3,000	419.4
March 1, 2019 to March 31, 2019	185,885	208.55		75,703	403.8
Total	294,067	$	203.45	183,885	$	403.8

¹ We purchased an aggregate of 183,885 shares of our common stock in the open market pursuant to our repurchase program and 110,182 shares were transferred to us from employees in satisfaction of minimum tax withholding obligations associated with the vesting of restricted stock rights during the period.

² From the stock repurchase program's inception through March 31, 2019, we purchased 11,638,079 shares at an average price of $154.34 per share for a total of $1.8 billion.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits



3.1			Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc., filed March 30, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 4, 2011).

3.2			Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc., dated May 28, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 7, 2014).

3.3			Certificate of Amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc., dated May 21, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 6, 2015).

3.4			Restated Bylaws of Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 1, 2016).

31.1			Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2			Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1			Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2			Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101			The following financial information for the company, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, and (v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



Date:	May 2, 2019	Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc.
		(Registrant)

		By:	/s/ Nicolas Schuck
			Nicolas Schuck
			Corporate Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
			(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)