KRONOS WORLDWIDE INC - Quarter Report: 2015 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarter ended June 30, 2015

Commission file number 1-31763

KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

DELAWARE

76-0294959

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

5430 LBJ Freeway, Suite 1700

Dallas, Texas 75240-2697

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (972) 233-1700

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x

Number of shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding on July 31, 2015: 115,880,598.

KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

		Page number
Part I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 2014; June 30, 2015 (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) – Three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2015	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited) - Three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2015	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) - Six months ended June 30, 2015	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) - Six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2015	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk		32
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures		32
Part II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings		33
Item 1A.	Risk Factors		33
Item 6.	Exhibits	33
Items 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Part II are omitted because there is no information to report.

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KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions)

	December 31,		June 30,
	2014		2015
			(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	167.7	$	115.7
Restricted cash		2.2		1.8
Accounts and other receivables		278.2		286.1
Inventories, net		423.6		399.2
Prepaid expenses and other		8.2		9.7
Deferred income taxes		6.3		7.9

Total current assets		886.2		820.4

Other assets:
Investment in TiO₂ manufacturing joint venture		89.0		84.4
Marketable securities		11.1		9.8
Deferred income taxes		165.4		3.2
Other		11.1		9.4

Total other assets		276.6		106.8

Property and equipment:
Land		42.6		39.6
Buildings		220.6		205.4
Equipment		1,035.6		970.1
Mining properties		116.7		113.9
Construction in progress		24.4		26.3

		1,439.9		1,355.3
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		960.2		914.6

Net property and equipment		479.7		440.7

Total assets	$	1,642.5	$	1,367.9

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KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (CONTINUED)

(In millions)

	December 31,			June 30,
	2014			2015
				(unaudited)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	3.9		$	3.9
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		222.5			204.3
Income taxes		7.8			3.7
Deferred income taxes		3.7			.2

Total current liabilities		237.9			212.1

Noncurrent liabilities:
Long-term debt		344.7			343.9
Deferred income taxes		6.8			10.4
Accrued pension cost		237.1			214.5
Accrued postretirement benefits cost		8.1			7.7
Other		26.8			27.7

Total noncurrent liabilities		623.5			604.2

Stockholders' equity:
Common stock		1.2			1.2
Additional paid-in capital		1,398.6			1,398.7
Retained deficit		(282.9	)		(459.1	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(335.8	)		(389.2	)

Total stockholders' equity		781.1			551.6

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,642.5		$	1,367.9

Commitments and contingencies (Notes 8 and 12)

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In millions, except per share data)

	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2014			2015			2014			2015
	(unaudited)						(unaudited)
Net sales	$	443.5		$	360.2		$	863.6		$	725.3
Cost of sales		349.7			313.7			689.3			601.4

Gross margin		93.8			46.5			174.3			123.9

Selling, general and administrative expense		49.1			51.6			98.2			95.0
Other operating income (expense):
Currency transaction gains (losses), net		2.6			(.3	)		(.1	)		1.3
Other operating expense, net		(3.0	)		(5.0	)		(5.7	)		(8.4	)

Income (loss) from operations		44.3			(10.4	)		70.3			21.8

Other income (expense):
Interest and dividend income		.3			.1			.5			.3
Interest expense		(4.7	)		(4.4	)		(8.7	)		(9.0	)

Income (loss) before income taxes		39.9			(14.7	)		62.1			13.1

Income tax expense		6.8			145.1			14.7			154.5

Net income (loss)	$	33.1		$	(159.8	)	$	47.4		$	(141.4	)

Net income (loss) per basic and diluted share	$	.29		$	(1.38	)	$	.41		$	(1.22	)

Cash dividends per share	$	.15		$	.15		$	.30		$	.30

Weighted average shares used in the calculation of net income per share		115.9			115.9			115.9			115.9

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In millions)

	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2014			2015			2014			2015
	(unaudited)						(unaudited)
Net income (loss)	$	33.1		$	(159.8	)	$	47.4		$	(141.4	)

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Marketable securities		(2.6	)		(.2	)		(13.2	)		(.7	)
Currency translation		(4.3	)		6.1			(6.9	)		(59.5	)
Defined benefit pension plans		1.9			4.4			3.8			7.0
Other postretirement benefit plans		(.1	)		(.1	)		(.2	)		(.2	)

Total other comprehensive income (loss), net		(5.1	)		10.2			(16.5	)		(53.4	)

Comprehensive income (loss)	$	28.0		$	(149.6	)	$	30.9		$	(194.8	)

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Six months ended June 30, 2015

(In millions)

								Accumulated
			Additional		Retained			other
	Common		paid-in		earnings			comprehensive
	stock		capital		(deficit)			loss			Total
	(unaudited)
Balance at December 31, 2014	$	1.2	$	1,398.6	$	(282.9	)	$	(335.8	)	$	781.1

Net income (loss)		-		-		(141.4	)		-			(141.4	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-		-			(53.4	)		(53.4	)
Issuance of common stock		-		.1		-			-			.1
Dividends paid		-		-		(34.8	)		-			(34.8	)

Balance at June 30, 2015	$	1.2	$	1,398.7	$	(459.1	)	$	(389.2	)	$	551.6

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions)

	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2014			2015
	(unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	47.4		$	(141.4	)
Depreciation and amortization		25.3			21.6
Deferred income taxes		10.9			144.8
Benefit plan expense greater (less) than cash funding		(1.1	)		2.1
Distributions from TiO₂ manufacturing joint venture, net		13.7			4.6
Other, net		1.1			2.1
Change in assets and liabilities:
Accounts and other receivables		(83.7	)		(36.0	)
Inventories		15.1			(2.7	)
Prepaid expenses		1.0			(2.0	)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(10.4	)		1.6
Income taxes		(3.6	)		(4.6	)
Accounts with affiliates		7.3			16.2
Other, net		(3.2	)		2.0

Net cash provided by operating activities		19.8			8.3

Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(27.7	)		(19.3	)
Change in restricted cash, net		7.2			.5

Net cash used in investing activities		(20.5	)		(18.8	)

Cash flows from financing activities:
Indebtedness:
Borrowings		429.3			1.3
Principal payments		(263.3	)		(1.9	)
Deferred financing fees		(6.1	)		-
Dividends paid		(34.8	)		(34.8	)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		125.1			(35.4	)

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KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)

(In millions)

	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2014			2015
	(unaudited)

Cash and cash equivalents - net change from:
Operating, investing and financing activities	$	124.4		$	(45.9	)
Currency translation		(.3	)		(6.1	)
Balance at beginning of period		53.8			167.7

Balance at end of period	$	177.9		$	115.7

Supplemental disclosures -
Cash paid for:
Interest, net of capitalized interest	$	7.5		$	8.9
Income taxes		15.8			9.7
Accrual for capital expenditures		3.1			2.5

See accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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KRONOS WORLDWIDE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2015

(unaudited)

Note 1 - Organization and basis of presentation:

Organization - At June 30, 2015, Valhi, Inc. (NYSE: VHI) held approximately 50% of our outstanding common stock and NL Industries, Inc. (NYSE: NL) held approximately 30% of our common stock, Valhi owned approximately 83% of NL’s outstanding common stock and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Contran Corporation held approximately 93% of Valhi’s outstanding common stock. Substantially all of Contran’s outstanding voting stock is held by a family trust established for the benefit of Lisa K. Simmons and Serena Simmons Connelly, daughters of Harold C. Simmons, and their children (for which Ms. Lisa Simmons and Ms. Connelly are co-trustees) or is held directly by Ms. Lisa Simmons and Ms. Connelly or persons or entities related to them, including their step-mother Annette C. Simmons, the widow of Mr. Simmons. Under a voting agreement entered into by all of the voting stockholders of Contran, effective in February 2014 and as amended, the size of the board of directors of Contran was fixed at five members, Ms. Lisa Simmons, Ms. Connelly and Ms. Annette Simmons (and in the event of their death, their heirs) each has the right to designate one of the five members of the Contran board and the remaining two members of the Contran board must consist of members of Contran management. Ms. Lisa Simmons, Ms. Connelly, and Ms. Annette Simmons each serve as members of the Contran board. The voting agreement expires in February 2017 (unless Ms. Lisa Simmons, Ms. Connelly and Ms. Annette Simmons otherwise unanimously agree), and the ability of Ms. Lisa Simmons, Ms. Connelly, and Ms. Annette Simmons to each designate one member of the Contran board is dependent upon each of their continued beneficial ownership of at least 5% of the combined voting stock of Contran. Consequently, Ms. Lisa Simmons, Ms. Connelly and Ms. Annette Simmons may be deemed to control Contran, Valhi, NL and us.

Basis of presentation - The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report have been prepared on the same basis as the audited Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 12, 2015 (2014 Annual Report). In our opinion, we have made all necessary adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) in order to state fairly, in all material respects, our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of the dates and for the periods presented. We have condensed the Consolidated Balance Sheet and Statement of Stockholders’ Equity at December 31, 2014 contained in this Quarterly Report as compared to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements at that date, and we have omitted certain information and footnote disclosures (including those related to the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2014) normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Our results of operations for the interim periods ended June 30, 2015 may not be indicative of our operating results for the full year. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report should be read in conjunction with our 2014 Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our 2014 Annual Report.

Unless otherwise indicated, references in this report to “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Kronos Worldwide, Inc. and its subsidiaries (NYSE: KRO) taken as a whole.

Note 2 - Accounts and other receivables:

	December 31,			June 30,
	2014			2015
	(In millions)
Trade receivables	$	230.9		$	256.1
Receivable from affiliates:
Louisiana Pigment Company, L.P.		13.0			-
Income taxes, net - Valhi		3.5			-
Other		1.5			2.8
Recoverable VAT and other receivables		23.4			20.2
Refundable income taxes		7.5			7.9
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(1.6	)		(.9	)

Total	$	278.2		$	286.1

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Note 3 - Inventories, net:

	December 31,		June 30,
	2014		2015
	(In millions)
Raw materials	$	76.0	$	79.5
Work in process		32.9		30.8
Finished products		252.5		229.1
Supplies		62.2		59.8

Total	$	423.6	$	399.2

Note 4 - Marketable securities:

Our marketable securities consist of investments in the publicly-traded shares of related parties: Valhi, NL and CompX International Inc. NL owns a majority of CompX’s outstanding common stock. All of our marketable securities are accounted for as available-for-sale securities, which are carried at fair value using quoted market prices in active markets for each marketable security, and represent a Level 1 input within the fair value hierarchy. See Note 13. Because we have classified all of our marketable securities as available-for-sale, any unrealized gains or losses on the securities are recognized through other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes.

	Fair value
	measurement	Market		Cost		Unrealized
Marketable security	level	value		basis		loss
		(In millions)
December 31, 2014
Valhi common stock	1	$	11.0	$	15.3	$	(4.3	)
NL and CompX common stocks	1		.1		.1		-
Total		$	11.1	$	15.4	$	(4.3	)

June 30, 2015
Valhi common stock	1	$	9.7	$	15.3	$	(5.6	)
NL and CompX common stocks	1		.1		.1		-
Total		$	9.8	$	15.4	$	(5.6	)

At December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2015, we held approximately 1.7 million shares of Valhi’s common stock. We also held a nominal number of shares of CompX and NL common stocks. At December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2015, the quoted per share market price of Valhi’s common stock was $6.41 and $5.66, respectively.

With respect to our investment in Valhi stock, our cost basis has exceeded its market value since March 2014, but we consider such decline in market price to be temporary at June 30, 2015. We considered all available evidence in reaching this conclusion, including our ability and intent to hold this investment for a reasonable period of time sufficient for the recovery of fair value, as evidenced by the amount of liquidity we currently have with cash on hand. We will continue to monitor the quoted market price for this investment. In this regard, as of July 31, 2015, the aggregate quoted market price for our shares of Valhi common stock was $7.6 million less than our aggregate cost basis. If we conclude in the future that a decline in value of one or more of these securities was other than temporary, we would recognize impairment through an income statement charge at that time. Such income statement impairment charge would be offset in other comprehensive income by the reversal of the previously recognized unrealized losses to the extent they were previously recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income.

The Valhi, CompX and NL common stocks we own are subject to the restrictions on resale pursuant to certain provisions of SEC Rule 144. In addition, as a majority-owned subsidiary of Valhi we cannot vote our shares of Valhi common stock under Delaware General Corporation Law, but we do receive dividends from Valhi on these shares, when declared and paid.

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Note 5 - Other noncurrent assets:

	December 31,		June 30,
	2014		2015
	(In millions)
Deferred financing costs, net	$	6.8	$	6.6
Other		4.3		2.8

Total	$	11.1	$	9.4

Note 6 - Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:

	December 31,		June 30,
	2014		2015
	(In millions)
Accounts payable	$	121.4	$	99.0
Employee benefits		24.6		17.4
Accrued workforce reduction costs		-		18.3
Accrued sales discounts and rebates		14.8		12.6
Accrued interest		.5		.1
Payable to affiliates -
Louisiana Pigment Company, L.P.		19.9		13.8
Income taxes, net - Valhi		-		1.4
Other		41.3		41.7

Total	$	222.5	$	204.3

See Note 14 for a discussion on accrued workforce reduction costs.

Note 7 - Long-term debt:

	December 31,		June 30,
	2014		2015
	(In millions)
Term loan	$	345.9	$	344.3
Other		2.7		3.5
Total debt		348.6		347.8
Less current maturities		3.9		3.9
Total long-term debt	$	344.7	$	343.9

Term loan - On May 21, 2015 we entered into an amendment to our term loan due in February 2020. As a result of the amendment:

·	The applicable margin on outstanding LIBOR-based borrowings was reduced from 3.75% to 3.00%, and the applicable margin on outstanding base rate borrowings was reduced from 2.75% to 2.00%; and

·	A provision was added whereby if we elected to call all or a portion of the outstanding principal balance within six months of completing the amendment (i.e. before November 21, 2015), a 1% call premium of the aggregate principal amount so prepaid would apply.

We accounted for such amendment to our term loan as a modification of the terms of the term loan. All other terms of the term loan, including principal repayments, maturity and collateral remain unchanged. We paid a $750,000 refinancing fee in connection with this amendment, which along with the existing unamortized deferred financing costs associated with the term loan are being amortized over the remaining term of the loan.

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During the first six months of 2015, we made our required quarterly principal payments aggregating $1.8 million. The average interest rate on the term loan borrowings as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2015 was 4.0% and 4.58%, respectively. The carrying value of the term loan at June 30, 2015 includes the unamortized original issue discount of $1.3 million.

Revolving credit facilities - Our European revolving credit facility requires the maintenance of certain financial ratios, and one of such requirements is based on the ratio of net debt to last twelve months earnings before income tax, interest, depreciation and amortization expense (EBITDA) of the borrowers. Based upon the borrowers’ last twelve months EBITDA as of June 30, 2015 and the net debt to EBITDA financial test, our borrowing availability at June 30, 2015 is approximately 46% of the credit facility, or €54.9 million ($61.5 million). In addition, at June 30, 2015 we had approximately $87.2 million available for borrowing under our North American revolving facility.

Other - We are in compliance with all of our debt covenants at June 30, 2015.

Note 8 - Income taxes:

		Three months ended						Six months ended
		June 30,						June 30,
		2014			2015			2014			2015
	(In millions)
Expected tax expense (benefit), at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 35%		$	13.9		$	(5.1	)	$	21.7		$	4.6
Non-U.S. tax rates			(1.1	)		.5			(1.8	)		(.6	)
Incremental net tax expense (benefit) on earnings and losses of non-U.S. companies			(1.2	)		.7			(1.3	)		1.1
Valuation allowance			-			150.3			-			150.3
Adjustment to the reserve for uncertain tax positions, net			(5.7	)		(.4	)		(5.5	)		(.2	)
Nondeductible expenses			.6			(.9	)		.8			(.5	)
U.S. state income tax and other, net			.3			-			.8			(.2	)

Total		$	6.8		$	145.1		$	14.7			154.5

		Three months ended						Six months ended
		June 30,						June 30,
		2014			2015			2014			2015
	(In millions)
Comprehensive provision for income taxes allocable to:
Net income (loss)		$	6.8		$	145.1		$	14.7			154.5
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Marketable securities			(1.4	)		(.4	)		(6.7	)		(.5	)
Currency translation			(.9	)		16.3			(1.6	)		-
Pension plans			.9			(.8	)		1.8			.4
OPEB plans			-			(.1	)		(.1	)		(.1	)

Total		$	5.4		$	160.1		$	8.1		$	154.3

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The amount shown in the above table of our income tax rate reconciliation for non-U.S. tax rates represents the result determined by multiplying the pre-tax earnings or losses of each of our non-U.S. subsidiaries by the difference between the applicable statutory income tax rate for each non-U.S. jurisdiction and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 35%. The amount shown on such table for incremental net tax (benefit) on earnings and losses on non-U.S. companies includes, as applicable, (i) current income taxes (including withholding taxes, if applicable), if any, associated with any current-year earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries to the extent such current-year earnings were distributed to us in the current year, (ii) deferred income taxes (or deferred income tax benefit) associated with the current-year change in the aggregate amount of undistributed earnings of our Canadian subsidiary, which earnings are not subject to a permanent reinvestment plan, in an amount representing the current-year change in the aggregate current income tax that would be generated (including withholding taxes, if applicable) when such aggregate undistributed earnings are distributed to us, and (iii) current U.S. income taxes (or current income tax benefit), including U.S. personal holding company tax, as applicable, attributable to current-year income (losses) of one of our non-U.S. subsidiaries, which subsidiary is treated as a dual resident for U.S. income tax purposes, to the extent the current-year income (losses) of such subsidiary is subject to U.S. income tax under the U.S. dual-resident provisions of the Internal Revenue Code.

As previously disclosed, we have substantial net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards in Germany (the equivalent of $738 million and $94 million for German corporate and trade tax purposes, respectively, at December 31, 2014) and in Belgium (the equivalent of $87 million for Belgian corporate tax purposes at December 31, 2014), both of which have an indefinite carryforward period. As a result, we have net deferred income tax assets recognized with respect to these two jurisdictions, primarily related to these NOL carryforwards. Prior to June 30, 2015, and using all available evidence, we had concluded no deferred income tax asset valuation allowance was required to be recognized with respect to these net deferred income tax assets under the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria, primarily because (i) the carryforwards have an indefinite carryforward period, (ii) we utilized a portion of such carryforwards during the most recent three-year period, and (iii) we expect to utilize the remainder of the carryforwards over the long term. We had also previously indicated that facts and circumstances could change, which might in the future result in the recognition of a valuation allowance against some or all of such deferred income tax assets. Given the trend of our operating results over the last few quarters, we do not presently have sufficient positive evidence to overcome the significant negative evidence of having twelve consecutive quarters of cumulative losses in both our German and Belgian jurisdictions at June 30, 2015. Accordingly, at June 30, 2015, we have concluded that we are now required to recognize a non-cash deferred income tax asset valuation allowance under the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria with respect to our German and Belgian net deferred income tax assets. Such valuation allowance aggregates $150.3 million at June 30, 2015.

Tax authorities are examining certain of our U.S. and non-U.S. tax returns and have or may propose tax deficiencies, including penalties and interest. Because of the inherent uncertainties involved in settlement initiatives and court and tax proceedings, we cannot guarantee that these matters will be resolved in our favor, and therefore our potential exposure, if any, is also uncertain. We believe we have adequate accruals for additional taxes and related interest expense which could ultimately result from tax examinations. We believe the ultimate disposition of tax examinations should not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. We currently estimate that our unrecognized tax benefits will not change materially during the next twelve months.

Note 9 - Employee benefit plans:

Defined benefit plans - The components of net periodic defined benefit pension cost are presented in the table below.

	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2014			2015			2014			2015
	(In millions)
Service cost	$	2.5		$	2.7		$	5.1		$	5.6
Interest cost		5.7			3.8			11.4			7.8
Expected return on plan assets		(5.4	)		(4.4	)		(10.8	)		(9.0	)
Amortization of prior service cost		.2			.2			.4			.4
Recognized actuarial losses		2.6			3.4			5.2			6.9

Total	$	5.6		$	5.7		$	11.3		$	11.7

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Postretirement benefits - The components of net periodic postretirement benefits other than pension (OPEB) cost are presented in the table below.

	Three months ended						Six months ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2014			2015			2014			2015
	(In millions)
Service cost	$	.1		$	.1		$	.1		$	.1
Interest cost		.1			-			.2			.1
Amortization of prior service credit		(.3	)		(.2	)		(.5	)		(.4	)
Recognized actuarial loss		-			-			.1			.1

Total	$	(.1	)	$	(.1	)	$	(.1	)	$	(.1	)

Contributions - We expect our 2015 contributions for our pension and other postretirement plans to be approximately $19 million.

Note 10 - Other noncurrent liabilities:

	December 31,		June 30,
	2014		2015
	(In millions)
Reserve for uncertain tax positions	$	13.1	$	12.2
Employee benefits		8.1		7.4
Accrued workforce reduction costs		-		2.9
Insurance claims and expenses		.3		.2
Other		5.3		5.0

Total	$	26.8	$	27.7

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Note 11 - Accumulated other comprehensive loss:

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss are presented in the table below. See Note 9 for amounts related to our defined benefit pension plans and OPEB plans.

		Three months ended						Six months ended
		June 30,						June 30,
		2014			2015			2014			2015
	(In millions)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Marketable securities:
Balance at beginning of period		$	.2		$	(3.4	)	$	10.8		$	(2.9	)
Other comprehensive loss - unrealized losses arising during the year			(2.6	)		(.2	)		(13.2	)		(.7	)
Balance at end of period		$	(2.4	)	$	(3.6	)	$	(2.4	)	$	(3.6	)

Currency translation:
Balance at beginning of period		$	(59.4	)	$	(225.4	)	$	(56.8	)	$	(159.8	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)			(4.3	)		6.1			(6.9	)		(59.5	)
Balance at end of period		$	(63.7	)	$	(219.3	)	$	(63.7	)	$	(219.3	)

Defined benefit pension plans:
Balance at beginning of period		$	(107.5	)	$	(172.8	)	$	(109.4	)	$	(175.4	)
Other comprehensive income - amortization of prior service cost and net losses included in net periodic pension cost			1.9			4.4			3.8			7.0
Balance at end of period		$	(105.6	)	$	(168.4	)	$	(105.6	)	$	(168.4	)

OPEB plans:
Balance at beginning of period		$	3.3		$	2.2		$	3.4		$	2.3
Other comprehensive loss - amortization of prior service credit and net losses included in net periodic OPEB cost			(.1	)		(.1	)		(.2	)		(.2	)
Balance at end of period		$	3.2		$	2.1		$	3.2		$	2.1

Total accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Balance at beginning of period		$	(163.4	)	$	(399.4	)	$	(152.0	)	$	(335.8	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)			(5.1	)		10.2			(16.5	)		(53.4	)
Balance at end of period		$	(168.5	)	$	(389.2	)	$	(168.5	)	$	(389.2	)

Note 12 - Commitments and contingencies:

We are involved in various environmental, contractual, product liability, patent (or intellectual property), employment and other claims and disputes incidental to our business. At least quarterly our management discusses and evaluates the status of any pending litigation to which we are a party. The factors considered in such evaluation include, among other things, the nature of such pending cases, the status of such pending cases, the advice of legal counsel and our experience in similar cases (if any). Based on such evaluation, we make a determination as to whether we believe (i) it is probable a loss has been incurred, and if so if the amount of such loss (or a range of loss) is reasonably estimable, or (ii) it is reasonably possible but not probable a loss has been incurred, and if so if the amount of such loss (or a range of loss) is reasonably estimable, or (iii) the probability a loss has been incurred is remote. We have not accrued any amounts for either of the two matters discussed below, as it is not reasonably possible we have incurred a loss in either case that would be material to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

In March 2013, we were served with the complaint, Los Gatos Mercantile, Inc. d/b/a Los Gatos Ace Hardware, et al v. E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company, et al. (United States District Court, for the Northern District of California, Case No. 3:13-cv-01180-SI). The defendants include us, E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Company, Huntsman International LLC and Millennium Inorganic Chemicals, Inc. As amended by plaintiffs’ second amended complaint, plaintiffs seek to represent a class consisting of indirect purchasers of titanium dioxide in the states of Arizona, Arkansas, California, the District of Columbia, Florida, Kansas,

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Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee and Wisconsin that indirectly purchased titanium dioxide from one or more of the defendants on or after March 1, 2002. The complaint alleges that the defendants conspired and combined to fix, raise, maintain, and stabilize the price at which titanium dioxide was sold in the United States and engaged in other anticompetitive conduct. The case is now proceeding in the trial court. We believe the action is without merit, will deny all allegations of wrongdoing and liability and intend to defend against the action vigorously. Based on our quarterly status evaluation of this case, we have determined that it is not reasonably possible that a loss has been incurred in this case.

In November 2013, we were served with the complaint, The Valspar Corporation, et al v. E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company, et al. (United States District Court, for the District of Minnesota, Case No. 1:13-cv-03214-RHK-L1B). The defendants include us, E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Company, Huntsman International LLC, Millennium Inorganic Chemicals, Inc. and the National Titanium Dioxide Company Limited (d/b/a Cristal). The plaintiff opted out of the settlement in the original lawsuit, Haley Paint et al. v. E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company, et al. (United States District Court, for the District of Maryland, Case No. 1:10-cv-00318-RDB) and filed its own lawsuit against the defendants. The complaint alleged that the defendants conspired and combined to fix, raise, maintain, and stabilize the price at which titanium dioxide was sold in the United States and engaged in other anticompetitive conduct. In October 2014, the court granted our motion to transfer, and the case is now proceeding in the trial court in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, Case No. 4:14-cv-01130. We believe the action is without merit, will deny all allegations of wrongdoing and liability and intend to defend against the action vigorously. Based on our quarterly status evaluation of the case, we have determined that while it is reasonably possible (but not probable) that a loss has been incurred in this case, we do not believe the amount of such loss will be material to our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Note 13 - Financial instruments:

The following table summarizes the valuation of our financial instruments recorded on a fair value basis as of December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2015:

	Fair Value Measurements
				Quoted			Significant
				prices in			other		Significant
				active			observable		unobservable
				markets			inputs		inputs
	Total			(Level 1)			(Level 2)		(Level 3)
				(In millions)
Asset (liability)
December 31, 2014
Currency forward contracts	$	(4.2	)	$	(4.2	)	$	-	$	-
Noncurrent marketable securities (See Note 4)		11.1			11.1			-		-

June 30, 2015
Currency forward contracts	$	(2.0	)	$	(2.0	)	$	-	$	-
Noncurrent marketable securities (See Note 4)		9.8			9.8			-		-

Certain of our sales generated by our non-U.S. operations are denominated in U.S. dollars. We periodically use currency forward contracts to manage a very nominal portion of currency exchange rate risk associated with trade receivables denominated in a currency other than the holder’s functional currency or similar exchange rate risk associated with future sales. We have not entered into these contracts for trading or speculative purposes in the past, nor do we currently anticipate entering into such contracts for trading or speculative purposes in the future. Derivatives used to hedge forecasted transactions and specific cash flows associated with financial assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and which meet the criteria for hedge accounting are designated as cash flow hedges. Consequently, the effective portion of gains and losses is deferred as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and is recognized in earnings at the time the hedged item affects earnings. Contracts that do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting are marked-to-market at each balance sheet date with any resulting gain or loss recognized in income currently as part of net currency transaction gains and losses. The fair value of the currency forward contracts is determined using Level 1 inputs based on the currency spot forward rates quoted by banks or currency dealers.

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At June 30, 2015, we had currency forward contracts to exchange:

·	an aggregate €10.0 million for an equivalent value of Norwegian kroner at exchange rates ranging from krone 8.53 to krone 8.56 per euro. These contracts with DnB Nor Bank ASA mature at a rate of €5.0 million per quarter from September 2015 through December 2015 and

·	an aggregate $16.2 million for an equivalent value of Norwegian kroner at exchange rates ranging from krone 7.09 to krone 7.11 per U.S. dollar. These contracts with DnB Nor Bank ASA mature at a rate of $2.7 million per month from July 2015 to December 2015.

The estimated aggregate fair value of our currency forward contracts at June 30, 2015 was a $2.0 million net liability which is recognized as part of accounts payable and accrued liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. There is also a corresponding net $2.0 million currency transaction loss recognized in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. We are not currently using hedge accounting for our outstanding currency forward contracts at June 30, 2015, and we did not use hedge accounting for any of such contracts we previously held in 2014. Accordingly, changes in the aggregate fair value of currency forward contracts we hold are recognized as a currency transaction gain or loss.

In July of 2015, we entered into a series of currency forward contracts to exchange:

an aggregate of $30.7 million for an equivalent value of Canadian dollars at an exchange rate of Cdn. $1.29 per U.S. dollar. These contracts with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. mature from August 2015 through July 2016 at a rate of $2.6 million per month, and are subject to early redemption provisions at our option.

The following table presents the financial instruments that are not carried at fair value but which require fair value disclosure as of December 31, 2014 and June 30, 2015.

	December 31, 2014				June 30, 2015
	Carrying amount		Fair value		Carrying amount		Fair value
	(In millions)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	169.9	$	169.9	$	117.5	$	117.5
Variable rate term loan		345.9		341.5		344.3		345.6
Common stockholders' equity		781.1		1,508.7		551.6		1,270.1

At June 30, 2015, the estimated market price of our term loan was $1,000 per $1,000 principal amount. The fair value of our term loan is based on quoted market prices; however, these quoted market prices represent Level 2 inputs because the markets in which the term loan trades were not active. The fair value of our common stockholders’ equity is based upon quoted market prices at each balance sheet date, which represent Level 1 inputs. Due to their near-term maturities, the carrying amounts of accounts receivable and accounts payable are considered equivalent to fair value.

As part of our interest rate risk-management strategy, in August 2015 we entered into a pay-fixed/receive-variable interest rate swap with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., to minimize our exposure to volatility in LIBOR as it relates to our forecasted outstanding variable-rate indebtedness. Under this interest rate swap, we will pay a fixed rate of 2.016% per annun, payable quarterly, and receive a variable rate of three-month LIBOR (subject to a 1.00% floor), also payable quarterly, in each case based on the notional amount of the swap then outstanding. The effective date of the swap is September 30, 2015. The notional amount of the swap commences at $344.75 million and declines by $875,000 each quarter commencing December 31, 2015, and the swap has a final maturity date in February 2020.

Note 14 - Restructuring Costs

In the second quarter of 2015, we initiated a restructuring plan designed to improve our long-term cost structure. A portion of such expected cost savings is planned to occur through workforce reductions. During the second quarter of 2015 we implemented certain voluntary and involuntary workforce reductions at certain of our facilities impacting approximately 110 individuals. A substantial portion of such workforce reductions were accomplished through voluntary programs, for which eligible workforce reduction costs are recognized at the time both the employee and employer are irrevocably committed to the terms of the separation. For involuntary programs, eligible costs are recognized when management approves the separation program, the affected employees are properly notified and the costs are estimable. To the extent there is a statutorily-mandated notice period and the affected employee is not required to provide services to us during such notice period, severance and all wages during such notice period are accrued at the time of separation. To the extent the affected employee is required to provide services to us during all or a portion of such notice period, the severance (and if applicable notice period wages for any period beyond the time the affected employee is required to

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provide future services to us) is accrued ratably over the period in which services will be provided. We recognized an aggregate $21.1 million charge in the second quarter of 2015 for such workforce reductions we had implemented through that date, $10.7 million of which is classified in cost of sales and $10.4 million of which is classified in selling, general and administrative expense. For the workforce reductions implemented through June 30, 2015, an aggregate $.1 million will be accrued in the future (mostly in the second half of 2015) associated with affected individuals who are providing service to us past June 30, 2015. All accrued severance costs at June 30, 2015 are expected to be paid through December 31, 2016.

A summary of the activity in our accrued workforce reduction costs for the first six months of 2015 is shown in the table below (in millions):

Accrued workforce reduction costs as of January 1, 2015	$	-
Workforce reduction costs accrued		21.1
Workforce reduction costs paid		(.4	)
Currency translation adjustments, net		.5

Accrued workforce reduction costs at June 30, 2015	$	21.2

Amounts recognized in the balance sheet:
Current liability	$	18.3
Noncurrent liability		2.9

	$	21.2

Note 15 - Recent accounting pronouncements:

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This standard replaces existing revenue recognition guidance, which in many cases was tailored for specific industries, with a uniform accounting standard applicable to all industries and transactions. The new standard is currently effective for us beginning with the first quarter of 2017. However, the FASB has voted to issue an ASU that would defer the required adoption date by one year, and assuming such ASU is issued by the FASB, the new standard would be effective for us beginning in the first quarter of 2018. Entities may elect to adopt ASU No. 2014-09 retrospectively for all periods for all contracts and transactions which occurred during the period (with a few exceptions for practical expediency) or retrospectively with a cumulative effect recognized as of the date of adoption. ASU No. 2014-09 is a fundamental rewriting of existing GAAP with respect to revenue recognition, and we are still evaluating the effect the Standard will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, we have not yet determined the method we will use to adopt the Standard.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, which requires unamortized debt issuance costs (or deferred financing costs) to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the associated debt liability, consistent with the presentation of a debt discount. Currently, such unamortized debt issue costs are generally presented as a noncurrent asset. However, in June 2015 the SEC Staff affirmed that to the extent an entity has unamortized debt issuance costs associated with an unfunded debt liability, such as an undrawn revolving line of credit, such unamortized debt issue costs would continue to be recognized as an asset since there is no liability recognized from which such unamortized debt issue costs can be deducted. The guidance in the new standard is limited to the presentation of debt issuance costs and does not affect the recognition, measurement or amortization of debt issuance costs; therefore, the standard will not have a material effect on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The standard is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted and the new guidance will be applied on a retrospective basis. We currently expect to adopt the standard as of December 31, 2015. The amount of our deferred financing costs (see Note 5) related to our term loan indebtedness (see Note 7) which, had we already adopted the standard at June 30, 2015, would have been presented in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying value of such term loan, was $5.0 million at December 31, 2014 and $5.6 million at June 30, 2015. All of our other deferred financing costs at those dates relate to our revolving credit facilities in North America and Europe for which we have no amounts borrowed, and therefore such deferred financing costs would be recognized as an asset at such dates.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS:

Business overview

We are a leading global producer and marketer of value-added titanium dioxide pigments (TiO₂). TiO₂ is used for a variety of manufacturing applications, including paints, plastics, paper and other industrial and specialty products. For the six months ended June 30, 2015, approximately one-half of our sales volumes were into European markets. Our production facilities are located in Europe and North America.

We consider TiO₂ to be a “quality of life” product, with demand affected by gross domestic product, or GDP, and overall economic conditions in our markets located in various regions of the world. Over the long-term, we expect demand for TiO₂ will grow by 2% to 3% per year, consistent with our expectations for the long-term growth in GDP. However, even if we and our competitors maintain consistent shares of the worldwide market, demand for TiO₂ in any interim or annual period may not change in the same proportion as the change in global GDP, in part due to relative changes in the TiO₂ inventory levels of our customers. We believe that our customers’ inventory levels are influenced in part by their expectations for future changes in TiO₂market selling prices as well as their expectations for future availability of product. Although certain of our TiO₂grades are considered specialty pigments, the majority of our grades and substantially all of our production are considered commodity pigment products, with price and availability being the most significant competitive factors along with quality and customer service.

The factors having the most impact on our reported operating results are:

·	our TiO₂ sales and production volumes,

·	TiO₂ selling prices,

·	manufacturing costs, particularly raw materials such as third-party feedstock ore, maintenance and energy-related expenses, and

·	currency exchange rates (particularly the exchange rate for the U.S. dollar relative to the euro, Norwegian krone and the Canadian dollar).

Our key performance indicators are our TiO₂ average selling prices, our level of TiO₂ sales and production volumes and the cost of our third-party feedstock ore. TiO₂selling prices generally follow industry trends and prices will increase or decrease generally as a result of competitive market pressures.

Executive summary

We reported a net loss of $159.8 million, or $1.38 per share, in the second quarter of 2015 as compared to net income of $33.1 million, or $.29 per share, in the second quarter of 2014. For the first six months of 2015, we reported a net loss of $141.4 million, or $1.22 per share, compared to net income of $47.4 million, or $.41 per share, in the first six months of 2014. We reported a net loss in the 2015 periods due primarily to the recognition of an aggregate $150.3 million non-cash deferred income tax asset valuation allowance related to our German and Belgian operations and a $21.1 million charge associated with the implementation of certain workforce reductions, both of which were recognized in the second quarter of 2015. Comparability of our results was also impacted by lower average selling prices in 2015, partially offset by the favorable effects of higher sales and production volumes, lower manufacturing and other production costs (primarily raw materials) and the net effect of changes in currency exchange rates.

Our results in the second quarter of 2015 include the recognition of the non-cash deferred income tax asset valuation allowance related to our German and Belgian operations aggregating $150.3 million ($1.30 per share) and a second quarter pre-tax charge of $21.1 million ($18.2 million, or $.16 per share, net of income tax benefit) related to workforce reduction costs accrued in the second quarter of 2015. Our results in the second quarter of 2014 include an aggregate non-cash income tax benefit of $5.7 million ($.05 per share) related to a net reduction in our reserve for uncertain tax positions.

Forward-looking information

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts are forward-looking in nature and represent management’s beliefs and assumptions based on currently available information. Statements in this report including, but not limited to, statements found in Item 2 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” are forward-looking statements that represent our management’s beliefs and assumptions based on currently available information. In

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some cases you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “believes,” “intends,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “anticipates,” “expects” or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategies or trends. Although we believe the expectations reflected in forward-looking statements are reasonable, we do not know if these expectations will be correct. Such statements by their nature involve substantial risks and uncertainties that could significantly impact expected results. Actual future results could differ materially from those predicted. The factors that could cause our actual future results to differ materially from those described herein are the risks and uncertainties discussed in this Quarterly Report and those described from time to time in our other filings with the SEC including, but are not limited to, the following:

·	Future supply and demand for our products

·	The extent of the dependence of certain of our businesses on certain market sectors

·	The cyclicality of our business

·	Customer and producer inventory levels

·	Unexpected or earlier-than-expected industry capacity expansion

·	Changes in raw material and other operating costs (such as ore and energy costs)

·	Changes in the availability of raw materials (such as ore)

·	General global economic and political conditions (such as changes in the level of gross domestic product in various regions of the world and the impact of such changes on demand for TiO₂)

·	Competitive products and substitute products

·	Customer and competitor strategies

·	Potential consolidation of our competitors

·	Potential consolidation of our customers

·	The impact of pricing and production decisions

·	Competitive technology positions

·	The introduction of trade barriers

·	Possible disruption of our business, or increases in our cost of doing business, resulting from terrorist activities or global conflicts

Fluctuations in currency exchange rates (such as changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and each of the euro, the Norwegian krone and the Canadian dollar), or possible disruptions to our business resulting from potential instability resulting from uncertainties associated with the euro

·	Operating interruptions (including, but not limited to, labor disputes, leaks, natural disasters, fires, explosions, unscheduled or unplanned downtime, transportation interruptions and cyber attacks)

·	Our ability to renew or refinance credit facilities

·	Our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity

·	The ultimate outcome of income tax audits, tax settlement initiatives or other tax matters

·	Our ability to utilize income tax attributes, the benefits of which may not presently have been recognized under the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria

·	Environmental matters (such as those requiring compliance with emission and discharge standards for existing and new facilities)

·	Government laws and regulations and possible changes therein

·	The ultimate resolution of pending litigation

·	Possible future litigation.

Should one or more of these risks materialize (or the consequences of such a development worsen), or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results could differ materially from those forecasted or expected. We disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement whether as a result of changes in information, future events or otherwise.

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Results of operations

Current industry conditions

Due to competitive pressures, our average selling prices decreased throughout 2014 and the first six months of 2015. Our average selling prices at the end of the second quarter of 2015 were 3% lower than at the end of the first quarter of 2015, and 10% lower than at the end of 2014, with lower prices in all major markets. Our average selling prices in 2015 were also impacted by a higher percentage of sales to lower-priced export markets in 2015 compared to 2014. We experienced higher sales volumes in European and export markets in the second quarter and first half of 2015 as compared to the second quarter and first half of 2014, partially offset by slightly lower volumes in North American markets in 2015 as compared to the same periods of 2014.

We operated our production facilities at overall average capacity utilization rates of 97% in the first six months of 2015 (approximately 93% of practical capacity in the first quarter and at practical capacity in the second quarter) compared to approximately 93% in the first six months of 2014 (90% and 97% in the first and second quarters of 2014, respectively). Our production capacity utilization rates in the first quarter of 2014 were impacted by a union labor lockout at our Canadian production facility that ended in December 2013, as restart of production at the facility did not begin until February 2014. Our production rates in the first quarter of 2015 were impacted by the implementation of certain productivity-enhancing improvement projects at certain facilities, as well as necessary improvements to ensure continued compliance with our permit regulations, which resulted in longer-than-normal maintenance shutdowns in some instances.

We continued to experience moderation in the cost of TiO₂ feedstock ore procured from third parties in 2014 and into the first half of 2015. Given the time lag between when such third-party feedstock ore is procured and when the TiO₂ product produced with such ore is sold and recognized in our cost of sales, our cost of sales per metric ton of TiO₂ sold declined throughout 2014 and into the first half of 2015. Consequently, our cost of sales per metric ton of TiO₂ sold in the first half of 2015 was slightly lower than our cost of sales per metric ton of TiO₂ sold in the first half of 2014 (excluding the effect of changes in currency exchange rates).

In the second quarter of 2015, we initiated a restructuring plan designed to improve our long-term cost structure. A portion of such expected cost savings are planned to occur through workforce reductions. During the second quarter of 2015, we implemented certain voluntary and involuntary workforce reductions at certain of our facilities impacting approximately 110 individuals. We recognized an aggregate $21.1 million charge in the second quarter of 2015 for such workforce reductions we had implemented through that date, $10.7 million of which is classified as part of cost of sales and $10.4 million of which is classified in selling, general and administrative expense. See Note 14 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Quarter ended June 30, 2015 compared to the quarter ended June 30, 2014

	Three months ended June 30,
	2014				2015
		(Dollars in millions)
Net sales	$	443.5	100	%	$	360.2		100	%
Cost of sales		349.7	79			313.7		87
Gross margin		93.8	21			46.5		13
Other operating income and expense, net		49.5	11			56.9		16
Income (loss) from operations	$	44.3	10	%	$	(10.4	)	(3	)%

			% Change
TiO₂ operating statistics:
Sales volumes*	133	139		5	%
Production volumes*	134	140		4	%
Percentage change in net sales:
TiO₂ product pricing				(13	)%
TiO₂ sales volumes				5
TiO₂ product mix				(1	)
Changes in currency exchange rates				(10	)
Total				(19	)%

*	Thousands of metric tons

- 22 -

Net sales - Net sales in the second quarter of 2015 decreased 19%, or $83.3 million, compared to the second quarter of 2014 primarily due to the net effect of a 13% decrease in average TiO₂ selling prices (which decreased net sales by approximately $58 million) and a 5% increase in sales volumes (which increased net sales by approximately $22 million). TiO₂ selling prices will increase or decrease generally as a result of competitive market pressures, changes in the relative level of supply and demand as well as changes in raw material and other manufacturing costs.

Our sales volumes increased 5% in the second quarter of 2015 as compared to the second quarter of 2014 due to higher sales in certain export and European markets, partially offset by slightly lower sales in North American markets. We estimate that changes in currency exchange rates (primarily the euro) decreased our net sales by approximately $44 million as compared to the second quarter of 2014.

Cost of sales - Cost of sales decreased $36.0 million or 10% in the second quarter of 2015 compared to 2014 due to the net impact of lower raw materials and other production costs of approximately $8 million (primarily caused by lower third-party feedstock ore costs), a 5% increase in sales volumes, a 4% increase in TiO₂ production volumes and currency fluctuations (primarily the euro). In addition, cost of sales in 2015 includes approximately $10.7 million of severance costs related to the workforce reduction plan discussed above. Our cost of sales as a percentage of net sales increased to 87% in the second quarter of 2015 compared to 79% in the same period of 2014, as the unfavorable impact of lower average selling prices and the workforce reduction charge more than offset the favorable effects of lower raw material costs and efficiencies related to higher production volumes, as discussed above.

Gross margin and income (loss) from operations - Income from operations decreased by $54.7 million, from income of $44.3 million in the second quarter of 2014 to a loss from operations of $10.4 million in the second quarter of 2015. Income (loss) from operations as a percentage of net sales decreased to (3)% in the second quarter of 2015 from 10% in the same period of 2014. This decrease was driven by the decline in gross margin percentage, which decreased to 13% for the second quarter of 2015 compared to 21% for the second quarter of 2014, as well as the negative impact of the workforce reduction charge classified as part of other operating expense ($10.4 million). As discussed and quantified above, our gross margin percentage decreased primarily due to the net effect of lower selling prices, workforce reduction costs classified as part of cost of sales ($10.7 million), lower manufacturing costs (primarily raw materials), higher production volumes and higher sales volumes. We estimate that changes in currency exchange rates increased income from operations by approximately $11 million in the second quarter of 2015 as compared to the same period in 2014, as discussed below.

Other non-operating income (expense) - Interest expense decreased $.3 million from $4.7 million in the second quarter of 2014 to $4.4 million in the second quarter of 2015 primarily due to lower average interest rate on outstanding indebtedness due to the second quarter 2015 modification of our term loan agreement which reduced the interest rate on the outstanding principal amount by 75 basis points. We currently expect our interest expense for all of 2015 will be slightly lower than 2014, primarily due to lower expected average interest rates on outstanding indebtedness resulting from such second quarter 2015 modification. See Note 7 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income tax expense - As previously disclosed, we have substantial net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards in Germany (the equivalent of $738 million and $94 million for German corporate and trade tax purposes, respectively, at December 31, 2014) and in Belgium (the equivalent of $87 million for Belgian corporate tax purposes at December 31, 2014), both of which have an indefinite carryforward period. As a result, we have net deferred income tax assets recognized with respect to these two jurisdictions, primarily related to these NOL carryforwards. Prior to June 30, 2015, and using all available evidence, we had concluded no deferred income tax asset valuation allowance was required to be recognized with respect to these net deferred income tax assets under the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria, primarily because (i) the carryforwards have an indefinite carryforward period, (ii) we utilized a portion of such carryforwards during the most recent three-year period, and (iii) we expect to utilize the remainder of the carryforwards over the long term. We had also previously indicated that facts and circumstances could change, which might in the future result in the recognition of a valuation allowance against some or all of such deferred income tax assets. Given the trend of our operating results over the last few quarters, we do not presently have sufficient positive evidence to overcome the significant negative evidence of having twelve consecutive quarters of cumulative losses in both our German and Belgian jurisdictions at June 30, 3015. Accordingly, at June 30, 2015, we have concluded that we are now required to recognize a non-cash deferred income tax asset valuation allowance under the more-likely-than-not recognition criteria with respect to our German and Belgian net deferred income tax assets. Such valuation allowance aggregates $150.3 million at June 30, 2015. We continue to believe we will ultimately realize the full benefit of these German and Belgian NOL carryforwards, in part because of their indefinite carryforward period. However, our ability to reverse all or a portion of such valuation allowance in the future is dependent on the presence of sufficient positive evidence, such as the existence of twelve consecutive quarters with cumulative profits, and the ability to demonstrate future profitability for a sustainable period. Until such time as we are able to reverse the valuation allowance in full, to the extent we generate income in Germany or Belgium in the intervening periods, our effective income tax rate may be impacted by the existence of such valuation allowance, because such income will effectively be recognized without any associated net income tax expense, as we would reverse a portion of

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the valuation allowance to offset the income tax expense attributable to such income. In addition, any change in tax law related to the indefinite carryforward period of these NOLs could adversely impact our ability to reverse the valuation allowance in full.

We recognized an income tax expense of $145.1 million in the second quarter of 2015 compared to income tax expense of $6.8 million in the same period last year. As discussed above, our income tax expense in the second quarter of 2015 includes a non-cash deferred income tax expense of $150.3 million related to the recognition of a deferred income tax asset valuation allowance for our German and Belgian operations. In the second quarter of 2014, our income tax expense was favorably impacted by an aggregate non-cash income tax benefit of $5.7 million related to a net reduction in our reserve for uncertain tax positions. Our earnings are subject to income tax in various U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions, and the income tax rates applicable to our pre-tax earnings (losses) of our non-U.S. operations is generally lower than the income tax rates applicable to our U.S. operations. See Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a tabular reconciliation of our statutory income tax provision to our actual tax provision.

Six months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2014

	Six months ended June 30,
	2014				2015
		(Dollars in millions)
Net sales	$	863.6	100	%	$	725.3	100	%
Cost of sales		689.3	80			601.4	83
Gross margin		174.3	20			123.9	17
Other operating income and expense, net		104.0	12			102.1	14
Income from operations	$	70.3	8	%	$	21.8	3	%

			% Change
TiO₂ operating statistics:
Sales volumes*	255	270		6	%
Production volumes*	254	265		4	%
Percentage change in net sales:
TiO2 product pricing				(12	)%
TiO2 sales volumes				6
TiO2 product mix				(1	)
Changes in currency exchange rates				(9	)
Total				(16	)%

*	Thousands of metric tons

Net sales - Net sales in the six months ended June 30, 2015 decreased 16%, or $138.3 million, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2014 primarily due to the net effect of a 12% decrease in average TiO₂ selling prices (which decreased net sales by approximately $104 million) and a 6% increase in sales volumes (which increased net sales by approximately $52 million). TiO₂ selling prices will increase or decrease generally as a result of competitive market pressures, changes in the relative level of supply and demand as well as changes in raw material and other manufacturing costs.

Our sales volumes increased 6% in the first six months of 2015 as compared to the first six months of 2014 primarily due to higher sales in certain export and European markets, partially offset by slightly lower sales in North American markets. We estimate that changes in currency exchange rates decreased our net sales by approximately $77 million as compared to the first six months of 2014.

Cost of sales - Cost of sales decreased $87.9 million or 13% in the six months ended June 30, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014 primarily due to the net impact of lower raw materials and other production costs of approximately $29 million (primarily caused by lower third-party feedstock ore costs), a 4% increase in TiO₂ production volumes, a 6% increase in sales volumes and currency fluctuations (primarily the euro). In addition, cost of sales in 2015 includes approximately $10.7 million of severance costs related to the restructuring plan discussed above.

Our cost of sales as a percentage of net sales increased to 83% in the first six months of 2015 compared to 80% in the same period of 2014, as the unfavorable impact of lower average selling prices and the workforce reduction charge more than offset the favorable effects of lower raw material costs and efficiencies related to higher production volumes, as discussed above.

Gross margin and income (loss) from operations - Income from operations decreased by $48.5 million, from $70.3 million in the first six months of 2014 to $21.8 million in the first six months of 2015. Income from operations as a percentage of net sales

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decreased to 3% in the first six months of 2015 from 8% in the same period of 2014. This decrease was driven by the decline in gross margin, which decreased to 17% for the first six months of 2015 compared to 20% for the first six months of 2014, as well as the negative impact of the workforce reduction charge classified as part of other operating expense ($10.4 million). As discussed and quantified above, our gross margin decreased primarily due to the net effect of lower selling prices, workforce reduction costs classified as part of cost of sales ($10.7 million), lower manufacturing costs (primarily raw materials), higher production volumes, and higher sales volumes. We estimate that changes in currency exchange rates increased income from operations by approximately $25 million in the first six months of 2015 as compared to the same period in 2014.

Other non-operating expense - Interest expense increased $.3 million from $8.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2014 to $9.0 million in the six months ended June 30, 2015 primarily due higher average debt levels mostly offset by lower average interest rates in 2015.

Income tax expense - We recognized income tax expense of $154.5 million in the first six months of 2015 compared to income tax expense of $14.7 million in the same period last year. As discussed above, our income tax expense in the first six months of 2015 includes a second quarter non-cash deferred income tax expense of $150.3 million related to the recognition of a deferred income tax asset valuation allowance for our German and Belgian operations. In the first six months of 2014, our income tax expense was favorably impacted by an aggregate non-cash income tax benefit of $5.5 million related to a net reduction in our reserve for uncertain tax positions (mostly recognized in the second quarter). Our earnings are subject to income tax in various U.S. and non-U.S. jurisdictions, and the income tax rates applicable to our pre-tax earnings (losses) of our non-U.S. operations are generally lower than the income tax rates applicable to our U.S. operations. Excluding the impact of the net reduction in our reserve for uncertain tax positions in the first six months of 2014, our effective tax rate in such period was lower than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 35% primarily due to our non-U.S. earnings. Our effective income tax rate in the first six months of 2015, excluding the impact of the deferred income tax asset valuation allowance we recognized, was lower than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 35%. Our effective tax rate was lower primarily because we are required under ASC 740-270 to compute the interim tax provision by calculating an estimated annual effective tax rate. Because the estimate is based on full year income, the tax rate differences may not have a meaningful relationship to quarterly pre-tax income and may produce unusual and unexpected relationships to other tax rate reconciling items. Consequently, we would generally expect our effective tax rate to be lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily because our applicable tax rate in our non-U.S. jurisdictions is lower than 35%. However, as a result of our estimated annual effective tax rate at June 30, 2015, our non-U.S. rate reconciling items increased our effective tax rate but this increase was more than offset by tax benefits related to nondeductible expenses and our reserve for uncertain tax positions. See Note 8 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a tabular reconciliation of our statutory income tax provision to our actual tax provision.

Effects of Currency Exchange Rates

We have substantial operations and assets located outside the United States (primarily in Germany, Belgium, Norway and Canada). The majority of our sales from non-U.S. operations are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the euro, other major European currencies and the Canadian dollar. A portion of our sales generated from our non-U.S. operations is denominated in the U.S. dollar (and consequently our non-U.S. operations will generally hold U.S. dollars from time to time). Certain raw materials used worldwide, primarily titanium-containing feedstocks, are purchased in U.S. dollars, while labor and other production and administrative costs are incurred primarily in local currencies. Consequently, the translated U.S. dollar value of our non-U.S. sales and operating results are subject to currency exchange rate fluctuations which may favorably or unfavorably impact reported earnings and may affect the comparability of period-to-period operating results. In addition to the impact of the translation of sales and expenses over time, our non-U.S. operations also generate currency transaction gains and losses which primarily relate to (i) the difference between the currency exchange rates in effect when non-local currency sales or operating costs (primarily U.S. dollar denominated) are initially accrued and when such amounts are settled with the non-local currency, (ii) changes in currency exchange rates during time periods when our non-U.S. operations are holding non-local currency (primarily U.S. dollars), and (iii) relative changes in the aggregate fair value of currency forward contracts held from time to time. As discussed in Note 13 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, we periodically use currency forward contracts to manage a portion of our currency exchange risk, and relative changes in the aggregate fair value of any currency forward contracts we hold from time to time serves in part to mitigate the currency transaction gains or losses we would otherwise recognize from the first two items described above.

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Overall, we estimate that fluctuations in currency exchange rates had the following effects on the reported amounts of our sales and income from operations for the periods indicated.

Impact of changes in currency exchange rates three months ended June 30, 2015 vs June 30, 2014

	Transaction gains/losses recognized							Translation gain/loss – impact of rate changes			Total currency impact 2015 vs 2014
	2014		2015		Change			Translation gain/loss – impact of rate changes			Total currency impact 2015 vs 2014
	(In millions)
Impact on:
Net sales	$	-	$	-	$	-		$	(44	)	$	(44	)
Income from operations		3		-		(3	)		14			11

The $44 million reduction in net sales (translation loss) was caused primarily by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the euro, as our euro-denominated sales were translated into fewer U.S. dollars in 2015 as compared to 2014. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar and the Norwegian krone in 2015 did not have a significant effect on the reported amount of our net sales, as a substantial portion of the sales generated by our Canadian and Norwegian operations are denominated in the U.S. dollar.

The $11 million net increase in income from operations comprised the following:

a reduction in the amount of net currency transaction gains (losses) recognized during the two periods of approximately $3 million. Such net currency transaction gains (losses) result primarily from U.S. dollar-denominated receivables and U.S. dollar currency held by our non-U.S. operations, which are translated into the applicable local currency at each balance sheet date. During the second quarter of 2014, a relative strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the euro and the Norwegian krone gave rise to a net $3 million currency transaction gain, whereas we recognized a nominal currency transaction loss during the second quarter of 2015.

approximately $14 million from net currency translation gains caused primarily by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar, the Norwegian krone and the euro, as their local currency-denominated operating costs were translated into fewer U.S. dollars in 2015 as compared to 2014 (and such translation, as it related to our euro-denominated operating costs, more than offset the negative impact on our income from operations from the reduction in net sales caused by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar as it related to our euro denominated sales).

Impact of changes in currency exchange rates six months ended June 30, 2015 vs June 30, 2014

	Transaction gains/losses recognized						Translation gain/loss – impact of rate changes			Total currency impact 2015 vs 2014
	2014		2015		Change		Translation gain/loss – impact of rate changes			Total currency impact 2015 vs 2014
	(In millions)
Impact on:
Net sales	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	(77	)	$	(77	)
Income from operations		-		1		1		24			25

The $77 million reduction in net sales (translation loss) was caused primarily by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the euro, as our euro-denominated sales were translated into fewer U.S. dollars in 2015 as compared to 2014. The strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar and the Norwegian krone in 2015 did not have a significant effect on the reported amount of our net sales, as a substantial portion of the sales generated by our Canadian and Norwegian operations are denominated in the U.S. dollar.

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The $25 million increase in income from operations comprised the following:

approximately $1 million from net currency transaction gains caused primarily by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the euro, the Norwegian krone and the Canadian dollar, as U.S. dollar-denominated receivables and U.S. dollar currency held by our non-U.S. operations became equivalent to a greater amount of local currency in the 2015 period as compared to the 2014 period, and

approximately $24 million from net currency translation gains caused primarily by a strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar, the Norwegian krone and the euro, as their local currency-denominated operating costs were translated into fewer U.S. dollars in 2015 as compared to 2014 (and such translation, as it related to our euro-denominated operating costs, more than offset the negative impact on our income from operations from the reduction in net sales caused by the strengthening of the U.S. dollar as it related to our euro denominated sales).

Outlook

During the first half of 2015 we operated our production facilities at 97% of practical capacity (approximately 93% of practical capacity in the first quarter, and at practical capacity in the second quarter). We expect to continue to operate at practical production capacity in the second half of 2015. Assuming economic conditions do not deteriorate in the various regions of the world, we expect our sales volumes to be higher in 2015 as compared to 2014. We will continue to monitor current and anticipated near-term customer demand levels and align our production and inventories accordingly.

We continued to experience moderation in the cost of TiO₂ feedstock ore procured from third parties in 2014 into 2015. Given the time lag between when such third-party feedstock ore is procured and when the TiO₂ product produced with such ore is sold and recognized in our cost of sales, our cost of sales per metric ton of TiO₂ sold in the first half of 2015 was slightly lower than our cost of sales per metric ton of TiO₂ sold in 2014 (excluding the effect of changes in currency exchange rates). While we expect our cost of sales per metric ton of TiO₂ sold for the remainder of 2015 will be comparable to such per-metric ton cost in the first half of 2015, such per-metric ton cost for the remainder of 2015 is expected to continue to be slightly lower as compared to the same periods in 2014 (excluding the effect of changes in currency exchange rates).

We started 2015 with selling prices 9% lower than the beginning of 2014, and prices declined by an additional 10% in the first half of 2015. Industry data indicates that overall TiO₂ inventory held by producers has been significantly decreased. In addition, we believe most customers hold very low inventories of TiO₂ with many operating on a just-in-time basis. With the strong sales volumes experienced in the first quarter of 2015, we continue to see evidence of improvement in demand for our TiO₂ products in certain of our primary markets. The extent to which we will be able to achieve any price increases in the near term will depend on market conditions.

In the second quarter of 2015, we initiated a restructuring plan designed to improve our long-term cost structure. A portion of such expected cost savings is planned to occur through workforce reductions. During the second quarter of 2015, we implemented certain voluntary and involuntary workforce reductions at certain of our facilities impacting approximately 110 individuals. We recognized an aggregate $21.1 million charge in the second quarter of 2015 for such workforce reductions we had implemented through that date, $10.7 million of which is classified as part of cost of sales and $10.4 million of which is classified in selling, general and administrative expense. For the workforce reductions implemented through June 30, 2015, an aggregate $.1 million will be accrued in the future (mostly in the second half of 2015) associated with affected individuals who are providing service to us past June 30, 2015. In addition, we expect to implement additional workforce reductions affecting 50 to 60 individuals at certain of our other facilities during the second half of 2015 and first half of 2016. The cost associated with such additional workforce reductions is not presently estimable because, among other things, the affected individuals have not yet been specifically identified and the terms of their separation have not yet been determined. The workforce reductions we have implemented through June 30, 2015, as well as the additional workforce reductions we expect to implement over the next few quarters, are not expected to negatively impact our ability to operate our production facilities at their practical capacity rates.

In addition to the workforce reductions implemented through June 30, 2015 (and the additional workforce reductions expected to be implemented over the next few quarters), we also have a plan to implement other cost reduction initiatives throughout the organization over the next few quarters, including implementation of continued process productivity improvements. The workforce reductions we have implemented through June 30, 2015, combined with certain open positions that are not expected to be filled and cost savings expected to be realized from our other cost reduction initiatives we are undertaking, are expected to result in a payback of the aggregate workforce reduction charge accrued at June 30, 2015 within approximately one year, the benefit of which will begin to be recognized in the third quarter of 2015.

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Overall, we expect that income from operations in 2015 will be significantly lower as compared to 2014, primarily as the favorable effect of higher sales and production volumes and moderating raw material costs will be more than offset by the negative effects of lower anticipated average selling prices. In addition, benefits expected to be realized in the second half of 2015 from the workforce reductions implemented through June 30, 2015 would be more than offset by the workforce reduction charge recognized in the second quarter of 2015, as we would not realize a full year of the expected cost savings from such workforce reduction until 2016.

Due to the constraints of high capital costs and extended lead time associated with adding significant new TiO₂ production capacity, especially for premium grades of TiO₂ products produced from the chloride process, we believe increased and sustained profit margins will be necessary to financially justify major expansions of TiO₂ production capacity required to meet expected future growth in demand. As a result of customer decisions over the last year and the resulting adverse effect on global TiO₂ pricing, some industry projects to increase TiO₂ production capacity have been cancelled or deferred indefinitely, and announcements have been made regarding the closure of certain facilities. Given the lead time required for such production capacity expansions, a shortage of TiO₂ products could occur if economic conditions improve and global demand levels for TiO₂ increase sufficiently.

Our expectations for our future operating results are based upon a number of factors beyond our control, including worldwide growth of GDP, competition in the marketplace, continued operation of competitors, unexpected or earlier-than-expected capacity additions or reductions and technological advances. If actual developments differ from our expectations, our results of operations could be unfavorably affected.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Consolidated cash flows

Operating activities

Trends in cash flows as a result of our operating activities (excluding the impact of significant asset dispositions and relative changes in assets and liabilities) are generally similar to trends in our earnings. In addition to the impact of the operating, investing and financing cash flows discussed below, changes in the amount of cash and cash equivalents we report from period to period can be impacted by changes in currency exchange rates, since a portion of our cash and cash equivalents is held by our non-U.S. subsidiaries. For example, during the first six months of 2015, relative changes in currency exchange rates resulted in a $6.1 million decrease in the reported amount of our cash and cash equivalents from December 31, 2014 to June 30, 2015 (changes in currency exchange rates did not have a material impact on the reported amount of our cash and cash equivalents from December 31, 2013 to June 30, 2014).

Cash provided by operating activities was $8.3 million in the first six months of 2015 compared to $19.8 million in the first six months of 2014. This $11.5 million decrease in the amount of cash provided was primarily due to the net effects of the following:

·	lower income from operations in 2015 of $48.5 million,

·	a lower amount of net cash used associated with relative changes in our inventories, receivables, payables and accruals in 2015 of $48.5 million as compared to 2014,

·	lower net cash paid for income taxes in 2015 of $6.1 million primarily due to our decreased profitability, and

·	lower net distributions from our TiO₂manufacturing joint venture in 2015 of $9.1 million, primarily due to the timing of the joint venture’s working capital needs.

Changes in working capital were affected by accounts receivable and inventory changes. As shown below:

Our average days sales outstanding, or DSO, increased from December 31, 2014 to June 30, 2015, due to higher accounts receivable resulting from higher sales volumes in 2015 partially offset by the effect of lower sales prices in the second quarter of 2015 as compared to the fourth quarter of 2014, and

·	Our average days sales in inventory, or DSI, decreased from December 31, 2014 to June 30, 2015 principally due to lower inventory volumes and lower inventory raw material costs.

For comparative purposes, we have also provided comparable prior year numbers below.

December 31,

2013

June 30,

2014

December 31,

2014

June 30,

2015

DSO

62 days

68 days

61 days

69 days

DSI

75 days

60 days

76 days

66 days

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Investing activities

Our capital expenditures of $27.7 million and $19.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2015, respectively, were primarily to maintain and improve the cost effectiveness of our manufacturing facilities.

Financing activities

During the six months ended June 30, 2015, we paid quarterly dividends to stockholders aggregating $.30 per share ($34.8 million).

Outstanding debt obligations

At June 30, 2015, our consolidated debt comprised:

·	$345.6 million aggregate borrowing under our term loan ($344.3 million carrying amount, net of unamortized original issue discount) due in February 2020, and

·	approximately $3.5 million of other indebtedness.

Our North American and European revolvers and our term loan contain a number of covenants and restrictions which, among other things, restrict our ability to incur additional debt, incur liens, pay dividends or merge or consolidate with, or sell or transfer substantially all of our assets to, another entity, and contains other provisions and restrictive covenants customary in lending transactions of this type. Certain of our credit agreements contain provisions which could result in the acceleration of indebtedness prior to their stated maturity for reasons other than defaults for failure to comply with typical financial or payment covenants. For example, certain credit agreements allow the lender to accelerate the maturity of the indebtedness upon a change of control (as defined in the agreement) of the borrower. In addition, certain credit agreements could result in the acceleration of all or a portion of the indebtedness following a sale of assets outside the ordinary course of business. Our European revolving credit facility also requires the maintenance of certain financial ratios, and one of such requirements is based on the ratio of net debt to the last twelve months EBITDA of the borrowers. The terms of all of our debt instruments (including revolving lines of credit for which we have no outstanding borrowings at June 30, 2015) are discussed in Note 9 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2014 Annual Report. We are in compliance with all of our debt covenants at June 30, 2015. We believe that we will be able to continue to comply with the financial covenants contained in our credit facilities through their maturity.

Our assets consist primarily of investments in operating subsidiaries, and our ability to service parent-level obligations, including our term loan, depends in part upon the distribution of earnings of our subsidiaries, whether in the form of dividends, advances or payments on account of intercompany obligations or otherwise. The term loan is collateralized by, among other things, a first priority lien on (i) 100% of the common stock of certain of our U.S. wholly-owned subsidiaries, (ii) 65% of the common stock or other ownership interest of our Canadian subsidiary (Kronos Canada, Inc.) and certain first-tier European subsidiaries (Kronos Titan GmbH and Kronos Denmark ApS) and (iii) a $395.7 million unsecured promissory note issued by our wholly-owned subsidiary, Kronos International, Inc. (KII). The term loan is also collateralized by a second priority lien on our U.S. assets which collateralize our North American revolving credit facility. Our North American revolving credit facility is collateralized by, among other things, a first priority lien on the borrower’s trade receivables and inventories. Our European revolving credit facility is collateralized by, among other things, the accounts receivable and inventories of the borrowers plus a limited pledge of all the other assets of the Belgian borrower.

Future cash requirements

Liquidity

Our primary source of liquidity on an ongoing basis is cash flows from operating activities which is generally used to (i) fund working capital expenditures, (ii) repay any short-term indebtedness incurred for working capital purposes and (iii) provide for the payment of dividends. From time-to-time we will incur indebtedness, generally to (i) fund short-term working capital needs, (ii) refinance existing indebtedness or (iii) fund major capital expenditures or the acquisition of other assets outside the ordinary course of business. We will also from time-to-time sell assets outside the ordinary course of business and use the proceeds to (i) repay existing indebtedness, (ii) make investments in marketable and other securities, (iii) fund major capital expenditures or the acquisition of other assets outside the ordinary course of business or (iv) pay dividends.

The TiO₂ industry is cyclical, and changes in industry economic conditions significantly impact earnings and operating cash flows. Changes in TiO₂ pricing, production volumes and customer demand, among other things, could significantly affect our liquidity.

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We routinely evaluate our liquidity requirements, alternative uses of capital, capital needs and availability of resources in view of, among other things, our dividend policy, our debt service and capital expenditure requirements and estimated future operating cash flows. As a result of this process, we have in the past and may in the future seek to reduce, refinance, repurchase or restructure indebtedness, raise additional capital, repurchase shares of our common stock, modify our dividend policy, restructure ownership interests, sell interests in our subsidiaries or other assets, or take a combination of these steps or other steps to manage our liquidity and capital resources. Such activities have in the past and may in the future involve related companies. In the normal course of our business, we may investigate, evaluate, discuss and engage in acquisition, joint venture, strategic relationship and other business combination opportunities in the TiO₂industry. In the event of any future acquisition or joint venture opportunity, we may consider using then-available liquidity, issuing our equity securities or incurring additional indebtedness.

At June 30, 2015, we had aggregate cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on hand of $117.5 million, of which $62.6 million was held by non-U.S. subsidiaries. At June 30, 2015, we had approximately $87.2 million available for borrowing under our North American revolving credit facility. Based on the terms of our European credit facility (including the net debt to EBITDA financial test discussed above), and the borrowers’ EBITDA over the last six months ending June 30, 2015, our borrowing availability at June 30, 2015 under this facility is approximately 46% of the credit facility, or €54.9 million ($61.5 million). We could borrow all available amounts under each of our credit facilities without violating our existing debt covenants. Based upon our expectation for the TiO₂industry and anticipated demands on cash resources, we expect to have sufficient liquidity to meet our short term obligations (defined as the twelve-month period ending June 30, 2016) and our long-term obligations (defined as the five-year period ending June 30, 2020, our time period for long-term budgeting). If actual developments differ from our expectations, our liquidity could be adversely affected.

Capital expenditures

We currently estimate that we will invest approximately $54 million in capital expenditures to maintain and improve our existing facilities during 2015, including the $19.3 million we have spent through June 30, 2015.

Stock repurchase program

In December 2010 our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to 2.0 million shares of our common stock in open market transactions, including block purchases, or in privately-negotiated transactions at unspecified prices and over an unspecified period of time. At June 30, 2015, we have 1,951,000 shares available for repurchase.

Off-balance sheet financing

We do not have any off-balance sheet financing agreements other than the operating leases discussed in our 2014 Annual Report.

Commitments and contingencies

See Notes 8 and 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of certain income tax examinations currently underway and legal proceedings.

Recent accounting pronouncements

See Note 15 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Critical accounting policies

For a discussion of our critical accounting policies, refer to Part I, Item 7 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2014 Annual Report. There have been no changes in our critical accounting policies during the first six months of 2015.

Related party transactions

As previously discussed in our periodic filings with the SEC, from time to time we engage in related party transactions with affiliated companies. In June 2015, our board of directors adopted a Policy Regarding Related Party Transactions. Pursuant to such Policy, all related party transactions to which we are or are proposed to be a party shall be approved or ratified by our independent directors in accordance with the terms of such Policy, and such approval or ratification shall be done by our audit committee (unless

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another committee of our board of directors composed solely of independent directors, or all of the independent directors of our board, shall have approved or ratified the related party transaction). For certain ongoing related party transactions to which we are a party (referred to as ordinary course of business related party transactions), such approval or ratification shall occur no less frequently than once a year.

Following adoption of such Policy, our audit committee in June 2015 reviewed, adopted and ratified the following ordinary course of business related party transactions to which we are a party in accordance with the terms of such Policy:

·	Risk Management Program – a program pursuant to which Contran and certain of its subsidiaries and related entities, including us, as a group purchase third-party insurance policies and risk management services, with the costs thereof apportioned among the participating companies;

·	Cash Management Loans – our unsecured revolving credit facility with Valhi, which provides for loans by us to Valhi of up to $100 million;

·	Data Recovery Program – a program pursuant to which Contran and certain of its subsidiaries and related entities, including us, as a group share third-party information technology data recovery services, with the costs thereof apportioned among the participating companies; and

Tax Sharing Agreement – the cash payments for income taxes periodically paid by us to Valhi or received by us from Valhi, as applicable, and related items pursuant to the terms of our tax sharing agreement with Valhi (such tax sharing agreement being appropriate, given that we and our qualifying subsidiaries are members of the consolidated U.S. federal income tax return, and certain state and local jurisdiction income tax returns, of which Contran is the parent company).

Each of these ordinary course of business related party transactions is more fully described in the “Certain Relationships and Transactions” section of our 2015 proxy statement and Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements included in our 2014 Annual Report. Our audit committee was not required to approve and ratify the fee we pay to Contran in 2015 under our intercorporate services agreement with Contran (such intercorporate services agreement is also described in such proxy statement and Annual Report) because such intercorporate services fee had been previously approved by all of the independent directors of our board.

A copy of such Policy is available on our website at www.kronosww.com.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

General

We are exposed to market risk, including currency exchange rates, interest rates and security prices, and raw material prices. There have been no material changes in these market risks since we filed our 2014 Annual Report, and refer you to Part I, Item 7A. - “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk” in our 2014 Annual Report. See also Note 13 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures which, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e), means controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Act), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit to the SEC under the Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions to be made regarding required disclosure. Each of Bobby D. O’Brien, our Vice Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer and Gregory M. Swalwell, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2015. Based upon their evaluation, these executive officers have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the date of such evaluation.

Internal control over financial reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting which, as defined by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) means a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principals, and includes those policies and procedures that:

·	Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets,

·	Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and

·	Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of an unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

As permitted by the SEC, our assessment of internal control over financial reporting excludes (i) internal control over financial reporting of our equity method investees and (ii) internal control over the preparation of any financial statement schedules which would be required by Article 12 of Regulation S-X. However, our assessment of internal control over financial reporting with respect to our equity method investees did include our controls over the recording of amounts related to our investment that are recorded in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, including controls over the selection of accounting methods for our investments, the recognition of equity method earnings and losses and the determination, valuation and recording of our investment account balances.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There has been no change to our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 12 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and our 2014 Annual Report for descriptions of certain legal proceedings.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

For a discussion of other risk factors related to our businesses, refer to Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our 2014 Annual report. There have been no material changes to such risk factors during the six months ended June 30, 2015.

Item 6.

Exhibits

31.1		Certification

31.2		Certification

32.1		Certification

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		Kronos Worldwide, Inc.
		(Registrant)

Date: August 7, 2015		/s/ Gregory M. Swalwell
		Gregory M. Swalwell
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Date: August 7, 2015		/s/ Tim C. Hafer
		Tim C. Hafer
		Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)

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