LadRx Corp - Quarter Report: 2021 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

OR

For the transition period from ____________to____________

Commission file number 0-15327

CytRx Corporation

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

(310) 826-5648

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12(b)-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of CytRx Corporation common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding as of November 10, 2021: 38,780,038 shares.

CYTRX CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Forward Looking Statements

All statements in this Quarterly Report, including statements in this section, other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including statements of our current views with respect to the recent developments regarding our business strategy, business plan and research and development activities, our future financial results, and other future events. These statements include forward-looking statements both with respect to us, specifically, and the biotechnology industry, in general. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “potential” or “could” or the negative thereof or other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, there can be no assurance that such expectations or any of the forward-looking statements will prove to be correct, and actual results could differ materially from those projected or assumed in the forward-looking statements.

All forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, and there are or will be important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. We believe that these factors include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed in this section and under the caption “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which should be reviewed carefully. If one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may vary materially from what we anticipate. Please consider our forward-looking statements in light of those risks as you read this Quarterly Report. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.

Note Regarding Company References

References throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the “Company”, “CytRx”, “we”, “us”, and “our”, except where the context requires otherwise, refer to CytRx Corporation and its subsidiary.

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. — Consolidated Financial Statements

CYTRX CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

CYTRX CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

CYTRX CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements

CYTRX CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

For the Three and Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30, 2021

For the Three and Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30, 2020

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

CYTRX CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

For the Nine-Months Period Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020
(Unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements at September 30, 2021 and for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, are unaudited, but include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring entries, that management believes to be necessary for a fair presentation of the periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. Balance sheet amounts as of December 31, 2020 have been derived from our audited financial statements as of that date.

The consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by us pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements contained in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (as amended, the “2020 Annual Report”).

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At September 30, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $16.5 million. Management believes that our current cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations for the foreseeable future. This estimate is based, in part, upon our currently projected expenditures for the remainder of 2021 and the first ten months of 2022 of approximately $6.5 million (unaudited) to fund operating activities. These projected expenditures exclude any payments related to liquidated damages or dividends to be paid on the Preferred Stock (as defined herein). The Company will continue to accrue dividend and liquidated damages payments totaling $0.7 million on a quarterly basis until shareholders approve an increase to the Company’s authorized shares of common stock (see Note 2). These projected expenditures and payments are also based upon numerous other assumptions and subject to many uncertainties, and our actual expenditures may be significantly different from these projections.

While these projections represent the Company’s current expected expenditures, the Company has the ability to reduce the amounts as needed to manage its liquidity needs while still advancing its corporate objectives. The Company will ultimately be required to obtain additional funding in order to execute its long-term business plans, although it does not currently have commitments from any third parties to provide the Company with long term debt, capital or non-dilutive up-front payments from a potential strategic partner. The Company cannot assure that additional funding will be available on favorable terms, or at all. If the Company fails to obtain additional funding when needed, it may not be able to execute its business plans and its business may suffer, which would have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Use of Estimates

Preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformance with U.S. GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The significant estimates in the Company’s consolidated financial statements relate to the valuation of equity awards, recoverability of deferred tax assets, and estimated useful lives of fixed assets, The Company bases estimates and assumptions on historical experience, when available, and on various factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis, and its actual results may differ from estimates made under different assumptions or conditions.

Stock Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based awards to employees and nonemployees directors and consultants in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation., and under the recently issued guidance following FASB’s pronouncement, ASU 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Under ASC 718, and applicable updates adopted, share-based awards are valued at fair value on the date of grant and that fair value is recognized over the requisite service, or vesting, period. The Company values its equity awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and accounts for forfeitures when they occur.

Foreign Currency Remeasurement

The U.S. dollar has been determined to be the functional currency for the net assets of our German operations. The transactions are recorded in the local currencies and are remeasured at each reporting date using the historical rates for nonmonetary assets and liabilities and current exchange rates for monetary assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date. Exchange gains and losses from the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities are recognized in other income (loss). The Company recognized a (loss) of approximately $(7,400) and ($9,500), respectively, for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and a gain of approximately $13,300 and $100, respectively, for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. for the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all dilutive potential common shares had been issued using the treasury stock method. Potential common shares are excluded from the computation when their effect is antidilutive. Common share equivalents that could potentially dilute net loss per share in the future, and which were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share, were as follows:

 Schedule of Shares Excluded from Computation of Diluted Loss Per Share

Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on the balance sheets are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure the fair value. Level inputs are as follows:

Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – other significant observable inputs for the assets or liabilities through corroboration with market data at the measurement date.

Level 3 – significant unobservable inputs that reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use to price the assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

We consider carrying amounts of accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses to approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Our non-financial assets are measured at fair value when there is an indicator of impairment and recorded at fair value only when an impairment charge is recognized.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASC 326”). The standard significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets, including accounts and notes receivables. The standard will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model, under which companies will recognize allowances based on expected rather than incurred losses. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

Other recent authoritative guidance issued by the FASB (including technical corrections to the ASC), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) did not, or are not expected to, have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

2. Financing Under Security Purchase Agreement

On July 13, 2021, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with a single institutional investor (the “Investor”) for aggregate gross proceeds of $10 million and net proceeds of approximately $9.2 million. The transaction closed on July 16, 2021. Under the Purchase Agreement, the Company sold and issued (i) 2 million shares of its common stock at a purchase price of $0.88 per share for total gross proceeds of approximately $1.76 million in a registered direct offering (the “Registered Direct Offering”) and (ii) 8,240 shares of Series C 10.00% Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Preferred Stock”) at a purchase price of $1,000 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $8.24 million, in a concurrent private placement (the “Private Placement” and, together with the Registered Direct Offering, the “July 2021 Offerings”). The shares of the Preferred Stock are convertible, upon shareholder approval as described below, into an aggregate of up to 9,363,637 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $0.88 per share. Holders of the Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, and the Company shall pay, cumulative dividends at the rate per share (as a percentage of the stated value per share) of 10.00% per annum, payable quarterly on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1, beginning on the first such date after the date of issuance. The terms of the Preferred Stock include beneficial ownership limitations that preclude conversion that would result in the Investor owning in excess of 9.99% of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock. CytRx also issued to the Investor an unregistered preferred investment option (the “Preferred Investment Option”) that allows for the purchase of up to 11,363,637 shares of common stock for additional gross proceeds of approximately $10 million if the Preferred Investment Option is exercised in full. The exercise price for the Preferred Investment Option is $0.88 per share. The Preferred Investment Option has a term equal to five and one-half years commencing upon the Company increasing its authorized common stock following shareholder approval. The Company held a special meeting of stockholders on September 23, 2021 at which time the shareholders did not approve the proposal to increase the Company’s authorized common stock. The Company is committed to holding another meeting in the first quarter of 2022 to obtain approval for this increase in authorized common stock. In the meantime, the Company is liable for liquidated damages in the monthly amount of $164,800, with the first such payment having been made and expensed on September 29, 2021. On October 1, 2021, the Company paid a quarterly 10% dividend to the Investor in the amount of $171,668.

The Company determined that the relative fair value of (i) the 2,000,000 shares of the common stock issued was $859,218, (ii) the relative fair value of the 8,240 shares of Preferred Stock was $4,022,700 , and (iii) the relative fair value of the Preferred Investment Option was $4,293,872 based upon a Black Scholes valuation model. As such, the Company recorded as Additional Paid in Capital the fair value of the common stock and Preferred Investment Option of $5,153,090, and the fair value of the Series C Preferred Stock was $4,022,700 which has been reflected as mezzanine equity due to certain clauses of the Securities Purchase Agreement.

Terms of Series C Preferred Stock

Under the Certificate of the Designations, Powers, Preferences and Rights of Series C 10.00% Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Certificate of Designations”), each share of Series C Preferred Stock will be convertible, subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below), at either the holder’s option or at the Company’s option (a “Company Initiated Conversion”) at any time following stockholder approval having been obtained to amend our restated certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock above 41,666,666 (the “Stockholder Approval”), into common stock at a conversion rate equal to the quotient of (i) the Series C Stated Value of $1,000 (the “Series C Stated Value”) plus, in the case of a Company Initiated Conversion, all accrued and accumulated and unpaid dividends on such share of Series C Preferred Stock, divided by (ii) the initial conversion price of $0.88, subject to specified adjustments for stock splits, stock dividends, reclassifications or other similar events as set forth in the Certificate of Designations.

The Certificate of Designations contains limitations that prevent the holder thereof from acquiring shares of common stock upon conversion that would result in the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by such holder and its affiliates exceeding 9.99% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the conversion (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”), except that upon notice from the holder to the Company, the holder may increase or decrease the amount of ownership of outstanding shares of common stock after converting the holder’s shares of Series C Preferred Stock, provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of outstanding shares of the common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of common stock upon conversion of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock held by the holder and provided that any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation shall not be effective until 61 days following notice to the Company

Each holder of shares of Preferred Stock is entitled to receive dividends, commencing from the date of issuance of the Preferred Stock. Such dividends may be paid only when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”), out of assets legally available therefore, quarterly in arrears on the first day of January, April, July and October in each year, commencing on the date of issuance, at the dividend rate of 10.00% per year. Such dividends are cumulative and continue to accrue on a daily basis whether or not declared and whether or not we have assets legally available therefore.

Under the Certificate of Designations, each share of Series C Preferred Stock carries a liquidation preference equal to the Series C Stated Value plus accrued and unpaid and accumulated dividends thereon.

The holders of the Series C Preferred Stock may vote their shares of Preferred Stock on an as-converted basis, subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (which Beneficial Ownership Limitation shall be calculated on a basis which includes the number of shares of common stock which are issuable upon conversion of the unconverted Series C Stated Value beneficially owned by a holder or any of its affiliates or attribution parties on all matters submitted to the holders of common stock for approval). The Company may not take the following actions without the prior consent of the holders of at least a majority of the Preferred Stock then outstanding: (a) alter or change adversely the powers, preferences or rights given to the Preferred Stock or alter or amend the Certificate of Designations, (b) authorize or create any class of stock ranking as to dividends, redemption or distribution of assets upon a Liquidation (as defined in the Certificate of Designations) senior to, or otherwise pari passu with, the Preferred Stock, (c) amend its Certificate of Incorporation or other charter documents in any manner that adversely affects any rights of the holders of the Preferred Stock, (d) increase the number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock, or (e) enter into any agreement with respect to any of the foregoing.

Terms of Preferred Investment Option

The Preferred Investment Option to purchase up to 11,363,637 shares of common stock is exercisable at a price of $0.88 per share. The Preferred Investment Option have a term of five and one-half years from the Authorized Share Increase Date. The holders of the Preferred Investment Option may exercise the Preferred Investment Option on a cashless basis, solely to the extent there is no effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus in such registration statement is not available for the resale of the shares of common stock issuable at the time of exercise. The Company is prohibited from effecting an exercise of any Preferred Investment Option to the extent that such exercise would result in the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by such holder and its affiliates exceeding 9.99% of the total number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise of the Preferred Investment Options by the holder (the “PIO Beneficial Ownership Limitation”), except that upon notice from the holder to the Company, the holder may increase or decrease the amount of ownership of outstanding shares of Common Stock after exercising the holder’s Preferred Investment Option, provided that the PIO Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of outstanding shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of common stock upon exercise of the Preferred Investment Option held by the holder and provided that any increase in the PIO Beneficial Ownership Limitation shall not be effective until 61 days following notice to the Company. The Preferred Investment Option provides for a Black-Scholes payout upon certain fundamental change transactions relating to the Company, as specified therein.

Until the Authorized Share Increase Date, the Company may not issue any shares of common stock upon exercise of the Preferred Investment Option.

Registration Rights Agreement

In connection with the July 2021 Offerings, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement, dated as of July 13, 2021 (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), with the investor named therein, pursuant to which the Company will undertake to file, within five calendar days of the date of the filing of the proxy statement seeking the Stockholder Approval, a resale registration statement to register the shares of common stock issuable upon: (i) the conversion of the Preferred Stock sold in the Private Placement and (ii) the exercise of the Preferred Investment Option (the “Registrable Securities”); and to cause such registration statement to be declared effective under the Securities Act as promptly as possible after the filing thereof, but in any event no later than 75 days following the pricing date of this offering, or no later than 105 days following such date in the event of a “full review” by the SEC, and shall use its reasonable best efforts to keep such registration statement continuously effective under the Securities Act until the date that all Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement have been sold or are otherwise able to be sold pursuant to Rule 144. The Registration Rights Agreement provides for liquidated damages to the extent that the Company does not file or maintain a registration statement in accordance with the terms thereof. The registration rights agreement entered into between us and the Investor on July 13, 2021, contains a triggering event which would require us to pay to any holder of the Preferred Stock an amount in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, on a monthly basis equal to the product of 2.0% multipled by the aggregate subscription amount paid by such holder for shares of Preferred Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement; provided, however, that such partial liquidated damages shall not exceed 24% of the aggregate subscription amounts paid by such holders pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, or $1,977,600. If we fail to pay any partial liquidated damages within seven days after the date payable, we will be required to pay interest on any such amounts at a rate equal to the lesser of 18% per annum or the maximum rate permitted by applicable law.

3. Leases

We lease office space and office copiers related primarily to the administrative activities. The Company accounts for leases under ASC 842, Leases, which requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for virtually all leases.

In January 2020, the Company signed a new four-year lease which covers approximately 2,771 square feet of office and storage space. This lease is effective March 1, 2020 and extends through February 29, 2024, with a right to extend the term for an additional five-year period, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the lease agreement. The monthly rent is $13,855, subject to annual increases of 3.5 percent. In February 2020, the Company renewed its additional storage space lease, which requires us to make monthly payments of $1,370, subject to a 2.5 percent annual increase. The Company recorded a right of use asset and lease liability obligation of $715,310 upon inception of these leases. The Company also reclassified a previously existing right-of-use asset of $66,271 from other assets to right-of-use asset.

As of September 30, 2021, the balance of right-of-use assets was approximately $444,000, and the balance of total lease liabilities was approximately $461,000.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases under ASC 842 as of September 30, 2021 are as follows:

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments 

The components of rent expense and supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the period are as follows:

Schedule of Rent Expense and Supplemental Cash Flow Information Related to Leases 

4. Stock Based Compensation

The Company has a 2008 Stock Incentive Plan under which 5 million shares of common stock are reserved for issuance. As of September 30, 2021, there were approximately 2.3 million shares subject to outstanding stock options and approximately 0.8 million shares outstanding related to restricted stock grants issued from the 2008 Plan. This plan expired on November 20, 2018 and thus no further shares are available for future grant under this plan.

In November 2019, the Company adopted a 2019 Stock Incentive Plan under which 5.4 million shares of common stock are reserved for issuance. As of September 30, 2021, there were 0.6 million shares subject to outstanding stock options. This Plan expires on November 14, 2029.

The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense resulting from stock options, restricted stock and warrants included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense

Stock Options

There were no options granted in either of the periods ended September 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020.

Presented below is our stock option activity:

Schedule of Stock Options Activity

The following table summarizes significant ranges of outstanding stock options under our plans at September 30, 2021:

 Schedule of Ranges of Stock Options

During the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded no stock compensation costs as all options had previously vested, as compared to $30,392 and $91,179, respectively, for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2021, there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, options to acquire 300,000 shares of common stock were exercised resulting in net proceeds of $78,000.

The aggregate intrinsic value of the outstanding options and options vested as of September 30, 2021 was $0.2 million.

Stock Warrants

At December 31, 2020, the Company had 193,196 warrants outstanding at a weighted average price of $8.60. During 2021, 189,029 warrants expired, and as such, there were 4,167 remaining warrants outstanding as of September 30, 2021 at a weighted average exercise price of $10.44. At September 30, 2021, the 4,167 warrants outstanding had no intrinsic value.

Restricted Stock

In December 2017, the Company granted to Steven Kriegsman, Chief Executive Officer, 387,597 shares of restricted common stock, pursuant to the 2008 Plan. This restricted stock vests in equal annual instalments over three years. The fair value of the restricted stock is based on the market price of the Company’s shares on the grant date less the par value received as consideration. The fair value of the restricted stock on the grant date was $679,000. In December 2016, the Company granted to Steven Kriegsman, Chief Executive Officer, 387,597 shares of restricted common stock, pursuant to the 2008 Plan. This restricted stock vests in equal annual instalments over three years. The fair value of the restricted stock is based on the market price of the Company’s shares on the grant date less the par value received as consideration. The fair value of the restricted stock on the grant date was $1,000,000. The Company recorded an employee stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock of $56,885 and $169,419 respectively, for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020. All shares had fully vested as of December 31, 2020. No restricted stock was granted in 2021 nor 2020.

5. Stockholder Protection Rights Plan

On December 13, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company, authorized and declared a dividend of one right (a “Right”) for each of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share . The dividend was paid to the stockholders of record at the close of business on December 23, 2019. Each Right entitled the registered holder, subject to the terms of the Original Rights Agreement (as defined below), to purchase from the Company one one-thousandth of a share of the Company’s Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Stock”), at a price of $5.00 (the “Purchase Price”), subject to certain adjustments. The description and terms of the Rights were set forth in the Rights Agreement, dated as of December 13, 2019 (the “Original Rights Agreement”), by and between the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as Rights Agent (the “Rights Agent”).

On November 12, 2020, the Board approved an amendment and restatement of the Original Rights Agreement (as amended and restated, the “Amended and Restated Rights Agreement”) to effect certain changes to the Original Rights Agreement, including (i) reducing the duration to a term of three years, subject to certain earlier expiration as described in more detail below, and (ii) lowering the beneficial ownership threshold at which a person or group of persons becomes an Acquiring Person (as defined below) to 4.95% or more of the Company’s outstanding shares of Common Stock, subject to certain exceptions. The Amended and Restated Rights Agreement is designed to discourage (i) any person or group of persons from acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 4.95% of the Company’s shares of Common Stock and (ii) any existing stockholder currently beneficially holding 4.95% or more of the Company’s shares of Common Stock from acquiring additional shares of the Company’s Common Stock.

The purpose of the Amended and Restated Rights Agreement is to protect value by preserving the Company’s ability to utilize its net operating losses and certain other tax attributes (collectively, the “Tax Benefits”) to offset potential future income tax obligations. The Company’s ability to use its Tax Benefits would be substantially limited if it experiences an “ownership change,” as such term is defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Tax Code”). A corporation generally will experience an ownership change if the percentage of the corporation’s stock owned by its “5-percent shareholders,” as defined in Section 382 of the Tax Code, increases by more than 50 percentage points over their lowest ownership percentage within a rolling three-year period. The Amended and Restated Rights Agreement is intended to reduce the likelihood the Company would experience an ownership change under Section 382 of the Tax Code.

The Rights will not be exercisable until the earlier to occur of (i) the close of business on the tenth business day after a public announcement or filing that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons has become an “Acquiring Person,” which is defined as a person or group of affiliated or associated persons that, at any time after the date of the Amended and Restated Rights Agreement, has acquired, or obtained the right to acquire, beneficial ownership of 4.95% or more of the Company’s outstanding shares of Common Stock, subject to certain exceptions or (ii) the close of business on the tenth business day after the commencement of, or announcement of an intention to commence, a tender offer or exchange offer the consummation of which would result in any person becoming an Acquiring Person (the earlier of such dates being called the “Distribution Date”) (provided, however, that if such tender or exchange offer is terminated prior to the occurrence of the Distribution Date, then no Distribution Date shall occur as a result of such tender or exchange offer).

The Rights, which are not exercisable until the Distribution Date, will expire at or prior to the earliest of (i) the close of business on November 16, 2023; (ii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed pursuant to the Amended and Restated Rights Agreement; (iii) the time at which the Rights are exchanged pursuant to the Amended and Restated Rights Agreement; (iv) the time at which the Rights are terminated upon the occurrence of certain mergers or other transactions approved in advance by the Board; and (v) the close of business on the date set by the Board following a determination by the Board that (x) the Amended and Restated Rights Agreement is no longer necessary or desirable for the preservation of the Tax Benefits or (y) no Tax Benefits are available to be carried forward or are otherwise available (the earliest of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) is referred to as the “Expiration Date”).

Each share of Preferred Stock will be entitled, when, as and if declared, to a preferential per share quarterly dividend payment equal to the greater of (i) $1.00 per share or (ii) an amount equal to 1,000 times the dividend declared per share of Common Stock. Each share of Preferred Stock will entitle the holder thereof to 1,000 votes on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Company. In the event of any merger, consolidation or other transaction in which shares of Common Stock are converted or exchanged, each share of Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive 1,000 times the amount received per one share of Common Stock.

The Purchase Price payable, and the number of shares of Preferred Stock or other securities or property issuable, upon exercise of the Rights are each subject to adjustment from time to time to prevent dilution (i) in the event of a stock dividend on, or a subdivision, combination or reclassification of the Preferred Stock, (ii) upon the grant to holders of the Preferred Stock of certain rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase Preferred Stock or convertible securities at less than the then-current market price of the Preferred Stock or (iii) upon the distribution to holders of the Preferred Stock of evidences of indebtedness or assets (excluding regular periodic cash dividends or dividends payable in Preferred Stock) or of subscription rights or warrants (other than those referred to above). The number of outstanding Rights and the number of one one-thousandths of a share of Preferred Stock issuable upon exercise of each Right are also subject to adjustment in the event of a stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividends and other similar transactions involving the Common Stock.

In the event that any person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an Acquiring Person, each holder of a Right, other than the Rights beneficially owned by the Acquiring Person, affiliates and associates of the Acquiring Person and certain transferees thereof (which will thereupon become null and void), will thereafter have the right to receive upon exercise of a Right that number of shares of Common Stock having a market value of two times the Purchase Price.

In the event that, after a person or a group of affiliated or associated persons has become an Acquiring Person, the Company is acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction, or 50% or more of the Company’s assets or earning power are sold, proper provision will be made so that each holder of a Right will thereafter have the right to receive, upon the exercise thereof at the then-current purchase price of the Right, that number of shares of common stock of the acquiring company having a market value at the time of that transaction equal to two times the Purchase Price.

With certain exceptions, no adjustment in the Purchase Price will be required unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least one percent (1%) in the Purchase Price. No fractional shares of Preferred Stock will be issued (other than fractions which are integral multiples of one one-thousandth of a share of Preferred Stock, which may, at the election of the Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts) and, in lieu thereof, an adjustment in cash will be made based on the market price of the Preferred Stock on the trading day immediately prior to the date of exercise.

At any time after any person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an Acquiring Person and prior to the acquisition of beneficial ownership by such Acquiring Person of 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, the Board, at its option, may exchange each Right (other than Rights owned by such person or group of affiliated or associated persons which will have become void), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one share of Common Stock per outstanding Right (subject to adjustment).

In connection with any exercise or exchange of the Rights, no holder of a Right will be entitled to receive shares of Common Stock if receipt of such shares would result in such holder, together with such holder’s affiliates and associates, beneficially owning more than 4.95% of the then-outstanding Common Stock (such shares, the “Excess Shares”) and the Board determines that such holder’s receipt of Excess Shares would jeopardize or endanger the value or availability of the Tax Benefits or the Board otherwise determines that such holder’s receipt of Excess Shares is not in the best interests of the Company. In lieu of such Excess Shares, such holder will only be entitled to receive cash or a note or other evidence of indebtedness with a principal amount equal to the then-current market price of the Common Stock multiplied by the number of Excess Shares that would otherwise have been issuable.

At any time before the Distribution Date, the Board may redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.001 per Right (subject to certain adjustments) (the “Redemption Price”). The redemption of the Rights may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the Board in its sole discretion may establish.

Immediately upon the action of the Board electing to redeem or exchange the Rights, the Company shall make a public announcement thereof, and upon such election, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the Redemption Price.

Until a Right is exercised or exchanged, the holder thereof, as such, will have no rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, the right to vote or to receive dividends.

The Board may amend or supplement the Amended and Restated Rights Agreement without the approval of any holders of Rights, including, without limitation, in order to (a) cure any ambiguity, (b) correct inconsistent provisions, (c) alter time period provisions, including the Expiration Date, or (d) make additional changes to the Amended and Restated Rights Agreement that the Board deems necessary or desirable. However, from and after the date any person or group of affiliated or associated persons becomes an Acquiring Person, the Amended and Restated Rights Agreement may not be supplemented or amended in any manner that would adversely affect the interests of the holders of Rights.

6. Income Taxes

At December 31, 2020, we had federal and state net operating loss carryforwards of $327.6 million and $252.6 million, respectively, available to offset against future taxable income. Of this amount, $310.3 million of federal NOLs expire in 2024 through 2037. The federal operating losses from 2018, 2019 and 2020 totaling $17.0 million carry forward indefinitely but are only able to offset 80% of taxable income in future years. The California NOLs expire in 2029 through 2039. Management currently believes that $258.3 million in federal net operating loss carryforwards and $252.6 million in state net operating loss carryforwards are unrestricted.

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Aldoxorubicin

We have an agreement with Vergell Medical (formerly with KTB) (“Vergell”) for the exclusive license of patent rights held by Vergell for the worldwide development and commercialization of aldoxorubicin. Under the agreement, we must make payments to Vergell in the aggregate of $7.5 million upon meeting clinical and regulatory milestones up to and including the product’s second final marketing approval. We also have agreed to pay:

In the event that we must pay a third party in order to exercise our rights to the intellectual property under the agreement, we are entitled to deduct a percentage of those payments from the royalties due Vergell, up to an agreed upon cap.

Arimoclomol

The agreement relating to our worldwide rights to arimoclomol provides for our payment of up to an aggregate of $3.65 million upon receipt of milestone payments from Orphayzme A/S.

Innovive

Under the merger agreement by which we acquired Innovive, we agreed to pay the former Innovive stockholders a total of up to approximately $18.3 million of future earnout merger consideration, subject to our achievement of specified net sales under the Innovive license agreements. The earnout merger consideration, if any, will be payable in shares of our common stock, subject to specified conditions, or, at our election, in cash or by a combination of shares of our common stock and cash. Our common stock will be valued for purposes of any future earnout merger consideration based upon the trading price of our common stock at the time the earnout merger consideration is paid.

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, no amounts were due under the above agreements.

Contingencies

We apply the disclosure provisions of ASC 460, Guarantees (“ASC 460”) to its agreements that contain guarantees or indemnities by the Company. We provide (i) indemnifications of varying scope and size to certain investors and other parties for certain losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party in connection with various types of third-party claims; and (ii) indemnifications of varying scope and size to officers and directors against third party claims arising from the services they provide to the Company.

The Company evaluates developments in legal proceedings and other matters on a quarterly basis. The Company records accruals for loss contingencies to the extent that the Company concludes that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the related loss can be reasonably estimated.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, was first identified in China and has surfaced in several regions across the world. In March 2020, the disease was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. As the situation with Covid-19 continues to evolve, the companies which are working to further develop and commercialize our products, ImmunityBio and Orphazyme, could be materially and adversely affected by the risks, or the public perception of the risks, related to this pandemic. Among other things, the active and planned clinical trials by ImmunityBio and Orphazyme and their regulatory approvals, if any, may be delayed or interrupted, which could delay or adversely affect the Company’s potential receipt of milestone and royalty payments within the disclosed time periods and increase expected costs. As of the date of this filing, senior management and administrative staff are working primarily remotely and will return to their offices at a yet to be determined date.

Item 2. — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

CytRx Corporation (“CytRx”) is a biopharmaceutical research and development company specializing in oncology and neurodegenenerative diseases. The Company’s focus has been on the discovery, research and clinical development of novel anti-cancer drug candidates that employ novel linker technologies to enhance the accumulation and release of cytotoxic anti-cancer agents at the tumor. During 2017, CytRx’s discovery laboratory, located in Freiburg, Germany, synthesized and tested over 75 rationally designed drug conjugates with highly potent payloads, culminating in the creation of two distinct classes of compounds. Four lead candidates (LADR-7 through LADR-10) were selected based on in vitro and animal preclinical studies, stability, and manufacturing feasibility. In 2018, additional animal efficacy and toxicology testing of these lead candidates was conducted. In addition, a novel albumin companion diagnostic, ACDx™, was developed to identify patients with cancer who are most likely to benefit from treatment with these drug candidates.

On June 1, 2018, CytRx launched Centurion BioPharma Corporation (“Centurion”), a private subsidiary, and transferred all of its assets, liabilities and personnel associated with the laboratory operations in Freiburg, Germany. In connection with said transfer, the Company and Centurion entered into a Management Services Agreement whereby the Company agreed to render advisory, consulting, financial and administrative services to Centurion, for which Centurion shall reimburse the Company for the cost of such services plus a 5% service charge. The Management Services Agreement may be terminated by either party at any time. Centurion is focused on the development of personalized medicine for solid tumor treatment. On December 21, 2018, CytRx announced that Centurion had concluded the pre-clinical phase of development for its four LADR drug candidates, and for its albumin companion diagnostic (ACDx™). As a result of completing this work, operations taking place at the pre-clinical laboratory in Freiburg, Germany would no longer be needed and, accordingly, the lab was closed at the end of January 2019.

LADR Drug Discovery Platform and Centurion

Centurion’s LADR™ (Linker Activated Drug Release) technology platform is a discovery engine combining our expertise in linker chemistry and albumin biology to create a pipeline of anti-cancer molecules that will avoid unacceptable systemic toxicity while delivering highly potent agents directly to the tumor. Centurion has created a “toolbox” of linker technologies that are designed to significantly increase the therapeutic index of ultra-high potency drugs (10-1,000 times more potent than traditional cytotoxins) by controlling the release of the drug payloads and improving drug-like properties.

Centurion’s efforts were focused on two classes of ultra-high potency albumin-binding drug conjugates. These drug conjugates combine the proprietary LADR™ linkers with novel derivatives of the auristatin and maytansinoid drug classes. These payloads historically have required a targeting antibody for successful administration to humans. These drug conjugates eliminate the need for a targeting antibody and provide a small molecule therapeutic option with potential broader applicability.

Centurion’s postulated mechanism of action for the albumin-binding drug conjugates is as follows:

Centurion’s novel companion diagnostic, ACDx™ (albumin companion diagnostic), was developed to identify patients with cancer who are most likely to benefit from treatment with the four LADR lead assets.

CytRx and Centurion have been working on identifying partnership opportunities for LADR™ ultra-high potency drug conjugates and its albumin companion diagnostic. However no partnership or any source of financing has become available after over two years of effort. Management continues to seek out sources of capital for Centurion.

Aldoxorubicin

Until July 2017, the Company was focused on the research and clinical development of aldoxorubicin, its modified version of the widely-used cytotoxin agent, doxorubicin. Aldoxorubicin combines the agent doxorubicin with a novel linker-molecule that binds specifically to albumin in the blood to allow for delivery of higher amounts of doxorubicin (3½ to 4 times) without several of the major dose-limiting toxicities seen with administration of doxorubicin alone.

On July 27, 2017, the Company entered into an exclusive worldwide license with ImmunityBio, Inc. (formerly known as NantCell, Inc. (“ImmunityBio”)), granting to ImmunityBio the exclusive rights to develop, manufacture and commercialize aldoxorubicin in all indications, and the Company is no longer directly working on the development of aldoxorubicin. As part of the license agreement, ImmunityBio made a strategic investment of $13 million in CytRx common stock at $6.60 per share (adjusted to reflect our 2017 reverse stock split), a premium of 92% to the market price on that date. In connection therewith, the Company also issued ImmunityBio a warrant to purchase up to 500,000 shares of common stock at $6.60, which expired on January 26, 2019. The Company is entitled to receive up to an aggregate of $343 million in potential milestone payments, contingent upon achievement of certain regulatory approvals and commercial milestones. The Company is also entitled to receive ascending double-digit royalties for net sales for soft tissue sarcomas and mid to high single digit royalties for other indications. There can be no assurance that ImmunityBio will achieve such milestones, approvals or sales with respect to aldoxorubicin.

Aldoxorubicin is a conjugate of the commonly prescribed cytotoxin agent doxorubicin that binds to circulating albumin in the bloodstream and is believed to concentrate the drug at the site of the tumor. Aldoxorubicin has been tested in over 600 patients with various types of cancer. Specifically, it is comprised of (6-maleimidocaproyl) hydrazine, an acid-sensitive molecule that is conjugated to doxorubicin. The initial indication for aldoxorubicin is for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS). ImmunityBio lists a randomized Phase 2 and a randomized Phase 3 study, as well as an aldoxorubicin and ifosfamide Phase 1/2 study in its solid tumor platform and is currently reviewing options in STS.

Aldoxorubicin has received Orphan Drug Designation (ODD) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for the treatment of STS. ODD provides several benefits including seven years of market exclusivity after approval, certain R&D related tax credits, and protocol assistance by the FDA. European regulators granted aldoxorubicin Orphan designation for STS which confers ten years of market exclusivity among other benefits.

In addition to STS, ImmunityBio has expanded aldoxorubicin’s use by combining it with immunotherapies and cell-based treatments and is currently in late-stage clinical development in advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer, and in glioblastoma. ImmunityBio has initiated a phase 2 registrational-intent study in metastatic pancreatic cancer and has announced that the enrollment of Cohort C, which includes Aldoxorubicin and patients who have previously failed two lines of standard-of-care therapy, has now completed enrollment and that the majority of participants in the study to date remain on therapy and 90% (43/48) of the evaluable patients have exceeded the approximately two-month historical survival rate. Of the 48 evaluable patients, 23 (48%) had extremely advanced disease upon enrollment (i.e. had progressed after three to six prior lines of therapy) and, of these patients, 20 out of 23 (87%) have exceeded historical survival rates. An early readout of survival data is expected in the first quarter of 2022.

Molecular Chaperone Assets

In 2011, CytRx sold the rights to arimoclomol and iroxanadine, based on molecular chaperone regulation technology, to Orphazyme A/S (formerly Orphazyme ApS) in exchange for a one-time, upfront payment and the right to receive up to a total of $120 million (USD) in milestone payments upon the achievement of certain pre-specified regulatory and business milestones, as well as royalty payments based on a specified percentage of any net sales of products derived from arimoclomol. As a result of Orphazyme’s disclosure that the pivotal phase 3 clinical trial for arimoclomol in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis did not meet its primary and secondary endpoints, the maximum amount that CytRx has the right to receive is now approximately $100 million; however, there can be no assurance that said amount will be realized. Orphazyme is testing arimoclomol in Niemann-Pick disease Type C (NPC) and Gaucher disease. Orphazyme has highlighted positive Phase 2/3 clinical trial data in patients with NPC and had submitted a New Drug Application (NDA) with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”). On June 18, 2021, Orphazyme announced it had received a Complete Response Letter from the FDA. In late October, 2021, Orphazyme announced it recently held a Type A meeting with the FDA where the FDA recommended that Orphazyme submit additional data, information and analyses to address certain topics in the Complete Response Letter and engage in further interactions with the FDA to identify a pathway to resubmission. The FDA concurred with Orphazyme’s proposal to remove the cognition domain from the NPC Clinical Severity Scale (“NPCCSS”) endpoint, with the result that the primary endpoint is permitted to be recalculated using the 4- domain NPCCSS, subject to the submission of additional requested information which Orphazyme intends to provide. To bolster the confirmatory evidence already submitted, the FDA affirmed that it would require additional in vivo or pharmacodynamic (PD)/pharmacokinetic (PK) data; Orphazyme is considering the optimal path forward to address the FDA’s requests. Orphazyme has also submitted a Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) with the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and expects to hear a response in the first quarter of 2022; it has established an Early Access Program in the United States as well as other select European countries. Orphazyme has also received FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation for arimoclomol for NPC. Orphayzme recently announced its intention that arimoclomol will be marketed globally under the tradename MIPLYFFA™. CytRx would be entitled to a milestone payment of $4 million upon EMA approval and $2 million upon approval in Japan, along with royalties and potential additional milestone payments. There can be no assurance that Orphazyme will achieve such approvals.

Current Business Strategy for LADR™ Platform

Currently, the Company and Centurion are working on identifying partnership opportunities for LADR™ ultra-high potency drug conjugates and their albumin companion diagnostic, although no partnerships or other sources of financing have become available after over two years of effort. We have concluded all research and development on LADR and its companion diagnostic, but continue to focus on identifying these partnership and financing opportunities.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, impairment of long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets, research and development expenses and clinical trial expenses and stock-based compensation expense.

We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 2 to our financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (as amended, the “2020 Annual Report”).

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based awards to employees and nonemployees directors and consultants in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation., and under the recently issued guidance following FASB’s pronouncement, ASU 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. Under ASC 718, and applicable updates adopted, share-based awards are valued at fair value on the date of grant and that fair value is recognized over the requisite service, or vesting, period. The Company values its equity awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and accounts for forfeitures when they occur.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have relied primarily upon proceeds from sales of our equity securities and the exercise of options and warrants, and to a much lesser extent upon payments from our strategic partners and licensees, to generate funds needed to finance our business and operations.

At September 30, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $16.5 million. Management believes that our current cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments will be sufficient to fund the Company’s operations for the foreseeable future. This estimate is based, in part, upon our currently projected expenditures for the remainder of 2021 and the first ten months of 2022 of approximately $4.9 million (unaudited) to fund operating activities. These projected expenditures exclude any payments related to possible liquidated damages or dividends to be paid on the Preferred Stock (as defined below). These projected expenditures and payments are also based upon numerous other assumptions and subject to many uncertainties, and our actual expenditures may be significantly different from these projections. While these projections represent our current expected expenditures, CytRx has the ability to reduce the amounts and alter the timing of certain expenditures as needed to manage its liquidity needs while still advancing its corporate objectives. We will ultimately be required to obtain additional funding in order to execute our long-term business plans, although we do not currently have commitments from any third parties to provide us with long term debt or capital. CytRx cannot assure that additional funding will be available on favorable terms, or at all. If we fail to obtain additional funding when needed, we may have to liquidate some or all of our assets or delay or reduce the scope of or eliminate some portion or all of our development programs.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $2.8 million, which was primarily the result of a net loss from operations of $4.2 million, offset by $1.4 million in net cash inflows associated with changes in assets and liabilities. The net cash inflows associated with changes in assets and liabilities were primarily due to increases of $1.0 million of prepaid expenses and other current assets, $0.3 million of insurance claim receivable, $0.2 million of accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $0.1 million of amortization of right-of-use asset, offset by reductions of $0.2 million of accounts payable and $0.1 million of decrease in lease liabilities.

Net cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $3.5 million, which was primarily the result of a net loss from operations of $5.3 million, offset by $1.5 million of adjustments associated with changes in assets and liabilities. The net cash inflows associated with changes in assets and liabilities were primarily due to increases of $1.6 million in accounts payable, $0.3 million in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $0.2 million of amortization of right-of-use asset, offset by reductions of $0.5 million of prepaid expenses and other current assets and $0.1 million of decrease in lease liabilities.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

We purchased no fixed assets in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021 and a minimal amount of fixed assets in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020, and do not expect any significant capital spending during the next 12 months.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $9.3 million, $9.2 million of which is related to the sale of our common stock, Series C 10% Convertible Preferred Stock and preferred investment options described in Note 2 of our unaudited financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report and $0.1 million from the exercise of stock options. In the nine months ended September 30, 2020, stock options were exercised, resulting in a cash infusion of $39,000.

The registration rights agreement entered into between us and the Investor on July 13, 2021, contains a triggering event which would require us to pay to any holder of the Preferred Stock an amount in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, equal to the product of 2.0% multiplied by the aggregate subscription amount paid by such holder for shares of Series C Preferred Stock pursuant to the Purchase Agreement; provided, however, that such partial liquidated damages shall not exceed 24% of the aggregate subscription amounts paid by such holders pursuant to the Purchase Agreement or $1,977,600. If we fail to pay any partial liquidated damages within seven days after the date payable, we will be required to pay interest on any such amounts at a rate equal to the lesser of 18% per annum or the maximum rate permitted by applicable law.

We continue to evaluate potential future sources of capital, as we do not currently have commitments from any third parties to provide us with additional capital and we may not be able to obtain future financing on favorable terms, or at all. The results of our technology licensing efforts and the actual proceeds of any fund-raising activities will determine our ongoing ability to operate as a going concern. Our ability to obtain future financings through joint ventures, product licensing arrangements, royalty sales, equity financings, grants or otherwise is subject to market conditions and our ability to identify parties that are willing and able to enter into such arrangements on terms that are satisfactory to us. Depending upon the outcome of our fundraising efforts, the accompanying financial information may not necessarily be indicative of our future financial condition. Failure to obtain adequate financing would adversely affect our ability to operate as a going concern.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to generate revenues from our product candidates and become profitable. Even if we become profitable, we may not be able to sustain that profitability.

Results of Operations

We recorded a net loss of approximately $1.7 million and $4.1 million for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, as compared to a net loss of approximately $2.8 million and $5.3 million for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

We recognized no licensing revenue in the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. All future licensing fees under our current licensing agreements are dependent upon successful development milestones being achieved by the licensor.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses include all administrative salaries and general corporate expenses, including legal expenses. Our general and administrative expenses, excluding stock expense, non-cash expenses and depreciation and amortization, were $1.5 million and $4.0 million for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, and $2.2 million and $4.6 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2020. Our general and administrative expenses in the comparative periods excluding amortization of stock awards, non-cash expenses and depreciation and amortization, decreased marginally.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation expense reflects the depreciation of our equipment and furnishings.

Interest and Liquidated Damages Expense

Liquidated damages of $164,800 related to the Securities Purchase Agreement signed in July 2021 was paid in the three-month and nine-month period ended September 30, 2021. There were no such expenses in the comparative 2020 periods.

Interest Income

Interest income was approximately $4,400 and $13,400 for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, as compared to $21,300 and $112,000, respectively, for the same periods in 2020.

Item 3. — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our exposure to market risk is limited primarily to interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly because a significant portion of our investments are in short-term debt securities issued by the U.S. government and institutional money market funds. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal. Due to the nature of our short-term investments, we believe that we are not subject to any material market risk exposure. We do not have any speculative or hedging derivative financial instruments or foreign currency instruments. If interest rates had varied by 10% in the three-month period ended September 30, 2021, it would not have had a material effect on our results of operations or cash flows for that period.

Item 4. — Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of the end of the quarterly period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC.

Changes in Controls over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2021 that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We continually seek to assure that all of our controls and procedures are adequate and effective. Any failure to implement and maintain improvements in the controls over our financial reporting could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations under the SEC’s rules and regulations. Any failure to improve our internal controls to address the weaknesses we have identified could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which could have a negative impact on the trading price of our common stock.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. — Legal Proceedings

None.

Item 1A. — Risk Factors

You should carefully consider and evaluate the information in this Quarterly Report and the risk factors set forth under the caption “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report, which was filed with the SEC on March 24, 2021 (as amended on July 13, 2021). The risk factors associated with our business have not materially changed compared to the risk factors disclosed in the Annual Report.

Item 2. — Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 6. — Exhibits

The exhibits listed in the accompanying Index to Exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report and incorporated herein by reference.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

INDEX TO EXHIBITS