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MASIMO CORP - Quarter Report: 2020 March (Form 10-Q)


 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
________________________________________________
(Mark One)
☒
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 28, 2020
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _________ to _________
Commission File Number 001-33642
masimologoq32019.jpg
________________________________________________
MASIMO CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
________________________________________________
Delaware
 
 
 
 
 
33-0368882
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
 
 
 
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
52 Discovery
 
Irvine
,
California
 
 
 
 
 
92618
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
 
 
 
 
(Zip Code)

 
 
 
 
 
(949)
 
297-7000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Title of each class
 
Trading Symbol(s)
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value
 
MASI
 
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.        
 
Yes
 
☒
No
 
☐
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ .232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).      
 
Yes
 
☒
No
 
☐
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Large accelerated filer
 
☒
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accelerated filer
 
 
 
☐
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
☐
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Smaller reporting company
 
 
 
☐
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
 
 
☐
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.)     
 
Yes
 
☐
No
 
☒
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
 
 
Class
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Shares Outstanding as of
March 28, 2020
Common stock, $0.001 par value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
54,115,411
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


MASIMO CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 28, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 


2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.     Financial Statements
MASIMO CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited, in thousands, except par values)
 
March 28,
2020
 
December 28,
2019
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
605,916

 
$
567,687

Short-term investments
50,000

 
120,000

Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,377 and $1,803 at March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019, respectively
152,846

 
132,433

Inventories
115,982

 
115,871

Other current assets
55,412

 
60,071

Total current assets
980,156

 
996,062

Lease receivable, noncurrent
51,680

 
49,936

Deferred costs and other contract assets
16,990

 
16,214

Property and equipment, net
253,156

 
219,552

Intangible assets, net
46,739

 
27,251

Goodwill
54,097

 
22,350

Deferred tax assets
36,152

 
35,972

Other non-current assets
35,575

 
28,791

Total assets
$
1,474,545

 
$
1,396,128

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
49,110

 
$
54,548

Accrued compensation
36,812

 
54,705

Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities, current
34,478

 
25,939

Other current liabilities
36,892

 
37,027

Total current liabilities
157,292

 
172,219

Other non-current liabilities
63,975

 
56,035

Total liabilities
221,267

 
228,254

Commitments and contingencies

 

Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; 54,115 and 53,696 shares issued and outstanding at March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019, respectively
54

 
54

Treasury stock, 15,533 and 15,530 shares at March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019, respectively
(526,951
)
 
(526,580
)
Additional paid-in capital
623,967

 
600,624

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(9,181
)
 
(6,718
)
Retained earnings
1,165,389

 
1,100,494

Total stockholders’ equity
1,253,278

 
1,167,874

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
1,474,545

 
$
1,396,128


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

MASIMO CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30,
2019
Revenue:
 
 
 
Product
$
269,625

 
$
230,548

Royalty and other revenue
—

 
1,116

Total revenue
269,625

 
231,664

Cost of goods sold
83,996

 
80,022

Gross profit
185,629

 
151,642

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative
89,877

 
74,204

Research and development
27,241

 
21,415

Litigation settlement awards
(499
)
 
—

Total operating expenses
116,619

 
95,619

Operating income
69,010

 
56,023

Non-operating income
3,346

 
3,886

Income before provision for income taxes
72,356

 
59,909

Provision for income taxes
7,900

 
10,587

Net income
$
64,456

 
$
49,322

 
 
 
 
Net income per share:
 
 
 
Basic
$
1.20

 
$
0.93

Diluted
$
1.12

 
$
0.87

 
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares used in per share calculations:
 
 
 
Basic
53,867

 
53,210

Diluted
57,585

 
56,799

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.



4

MASIMO CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(unaudited, in thousands)
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30,
2019
Net income
$
64,456

 
$
49,322

Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
 
 
 
Unrealized losses from foreign currency translation adjustments
(2,463
)
 
(577
)
Comprehensive income
$
61,993

 
$
48,745

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.




5

MASIMO CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended March 28, 2020
 
Common Stock
 
Treasury Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Total Stockholders’
Equity
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Balance at December 28, 2019
53,696

 
$
54

 
15,530

 
$
(526,580
)
 
$
600,624

 
$
(6,718
)
 
$
1,100,494

 
$
1,167,874

Stock options exercised
384

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
13,495

 
—

 
—

 
13,495

Restricted/Performance stock units vested
46

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Shares paid for tax withholding
(8
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,424
)
 
—

 
—

 
(1,424
)
Stock-based compensation
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
11,272

 
—

 
—

 
11,272

Repurchases of common stock
(3
)
 
—

 
3

 
(371
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(371
)
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-13
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
439

 
439

Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
64,456

 
64,456

Foreign currency translation adjustment
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2,463
)
 
—

 
(2,463
)
Balance at March 28, 2020
54,115

 
$
54

 
15,533

 
$
(526,951
)
 
$
623,967

 
$
(9,181
)
 
$
1,165,389

 
$
1,253,278


MASIMO CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended March 30, 2019
 
Common Stock
 
Treasury Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Total Stockholders’
Equity
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Balance at December 29, 2018
53,085

 
$
53

 
15,255

 
$
(489,026
)
 
$
533,164

 
$
(6,199
)
 
$
931,073

 
$
969,065

Stock options exercised
224

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
6,867

 
—

 
—

 
6,867

Restricted/Performance stock units vested
29

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Shares paid for tax withholding
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(123
)
 
—

 
—

 
(123
)
Stock-based compensation
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7,317

 
—

 
—

 
7,317

Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-02
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(26,795
)
 
(26,795
)
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
49,322

 
49,322

Foreign currency translation adjustment
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(577
)
 
—

 
(577
)
Balance at March 30, 2019
53,337

 
$
53

 
15,255

 
$
(489,026
)
 
$
547,225

 
$
(6,776
)
 
$
953,600

 
$
1,005,076

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

MASIMO CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited, in thousands)
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30,
2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
64,456

 
$
49,322

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
6,379

 
5,419

Stock-based compensation
11,272

 
7,317

Loss on disposal of property, equipment and intangibles
49

 
65

Provision for doubtful accounts
94

 
234

Benefit for deferred income taxes
—

 
(31
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Increase in accounts receivable
(17,105
)
 
(8,531
)
Decrease in inventories
427

 
1,357

Decrease in other current assets
5,469

 
3,043

Increase in lease receivable, net
(1,747
)
 
(3,104
)
(Increase) decrease in deferred costs and other contract assets
(796
)
 
7,120

Increase in other non-current assets
(51
)
 
(115
)
Decrease in accounts payable
(7,968
)
 
(6,097
)
Decrease in accrued compensation
(17,687
)
 
(19,364
)
Increase (decrease) in accrued liabilities
1,704

 
(2,736
)
(Decrease) increase in income tax payable
(2,041
)
 
5,566

(Decrease) increase in deferred revenue and other contract-related liabilities
(676
)
 
2,377

Increase in other non-current liabilities
576

 
626

Net cash provided by operating activities
42,355

 
42,468

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Maturities (purchases) of short-term investments, net
70,000

 
(180,000
)
Purchases of property and equipment, net
(37,004
)
 
(6,963
)
Increase in intangible assets
(1,135
)
 
(1,040
)
Business combination, net of cash acquired
(47,250
)
 
—

Net cash used in investing activities
(15,389
)
 
(188,003
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
13,044

 
6,288

Payroll tax withholdings on behalf of employees for vested equity awards
(1,424
)
 
(123
)
Repurchases of common stock
(371
)
 
—

Net cash provided by financing activities
11,249

 
6,165

Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash
2

 
(261
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
38,217

 
(139,631
)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
568,075

 
552,641

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
$
606,292

 
$
413,010

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
1. Description of the Company
Masimo Corporation (the Company) is a global medical technology company that develops, manufactures and markets a wide array of patient monitoring technologies, as well as automation and connectivity solutions. The Company’s mission is to improve patient outcomes and reduce the cost of patient care. The Company’s patient monitoring solutions generally incorporate a monitor or circuit board, proprietary single-patient use or reusable sensors, software and/or cables. The Company primarily sells its products to hospitals, emergency medical service providers, home care providers, physician offices, veterinarians, long term care facilities and consumers through its direct sales force, distributors and original equipment manufacturer (OEM) partners.
The Company invented Masimo Signal Extraction Technology® (SET®), which provides the capabilities of Measure-through Motion and Low Perfusion™  pulse oximetry to address the primary limitations of conventional pulse oximetry. Over the years, the Company’s product offerings have expanded significantly to also include rainbow® Pulse CO-Oximetry, with its ability to monitor carboxyhemoglobin (SpCO®), methemoglobin (SpMet®), total hemoglobin concentration (SpHb®), fractional arterial oxygen saturation (SpfO2™), Oxygen Content (SpOC™), Pleth Variability Index (PVi®), rainbow® Pleth Variability Index (RPVi™), respiration rate from the pleth (RRp®) and Oxygen Reserve Index (ORi™); as well as acoustic respiration monitoring (RRa®), SedLine® brain function monitoring, NomoLine® capnography and gas monitoring and O3® regional oximetry. These technologies are based upon Masimo SET®, rainbow® and other proprietary algorithms and are incorporated into a variety of product platforms depending on customers’ specifications. The Company’s current technology offerings also include remote patient monitoring, connectivity, and hospital automation solutions, including Masimo Patient SafetyNet™(1), Masimo Patient SafetyNet™ Surveillance1, Masimo SafetyNet™, Replica™, Iris®, MyView®, UniView™ and Trace™. The Company’s technologies are supported by a substantial intellectual property portfolio that the Company has built through internal development and, to a lesser extent, acquisitions and license agreements.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, including normal recurring accruals, necessary to present fairly the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 28, 2019 was derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements at that date. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2019 (fiscal year 2019), filed with the SEC on February 19, 2020. The results for the three months ended March 28, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the fiscal year ending January 2, 2021 (fiscal year 2020) or for any other interim period or for any future year.
Fiscal Periods
The Company follows a conventional 52/53 week fiscal year. Under a conventional 52/53 week fiscal year, a 52 week fiscal year includes four quarters of 13 fiscal weeks while a 53 week fiscal year includes three 13 fiscal week quarters and one 14 fiscal week quarter. The Company’s last 53 week fiscal year was fiscal year 2014. Fiscal year 2020 is a 53 week fiscal year. All references to years in these notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are fiscal years unless otherwise noted.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

______________
(1)     The use of the trademark Patient SafetyNet™ is under license from the University HealthSystem Consortium.


8
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

Use of Estimates
The Company prepares its financial statements in conformity with GAAP, which requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates include the determination of standalone selling prices, variable consideration and how total consideration should be allocated to each performance obligation within a contract, inventory valuation, valuation of the Company’s equity awards, valuation of identifiable assets and liabilities connected with business combinations, deferred taxes and any associated valuation allowances, deferred revenue, uncertain income tax positions, and litigation costs and related accruals. Actual results could differ from such estimates.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that once control is obtained, all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over fair values of identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill.
Fair Value Measurements
Authoritative guidance describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value:
●
Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
●
Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
●
Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Pursuant to current authoritative guidance, entities are allowed an irrevocable option to elect the fair value for the initial and subsequent measurement for specified financial assets and liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. The Company did not elect to apply the fair value option under this guidance to specific assets or liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 inputs during either the three months ended March 28, 2020 or March 30, 2019. The Company carries cash and cash equivalents, as well as certificates of deposit with maturities of one year or less, at cost, which approximates fair value.
The following table represents the Company’s financial assets (in thousands), measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 28, 2020:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reported as
 
Adjusted Basis
Cost
 
Gross Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross Unrealized
(Losses)
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Cash and Cash
Equivalents
 
Short-Term
Investments
Cash and cash equivalents
$
605,916

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
605,916

 
$
605,916

 
$
—

Level 1:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certificates of deposit
50,000

 
—

 
—

 
50,000

 
—

 
50,000

               Subtotal
50,000

 
—

 
—

 
50,000

 
—

 
50,000

Level 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          None
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Level 3:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          None
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total assets measured at fair value
$
655,916

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
655,916

 
$
605,916

 
$
50,000



9
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

The following table represents the Company’s financial assets (in thousands), measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 28, 2019:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reported as
 
Adjusted Basis
Cost
 
Gross Unrealized
Gains
 
Gross Unrealized
(Losses)
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Cash and Cash
 Equivalents
 
Short-Term
Investments
Cash and cash equivalents
$
567,687

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
567,687

 
$
567,687

 
$
—

Level 1:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certificates of deposit
120,000

 
—

 
—

 
120,000

 
—

 
120,000

               Subtotal
120,000

 
—

 
—

 
120,000

 
—

 
120,000

Level 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          None
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 


 
—

Level 3:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          None
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 

 
—

Total assets measured at fair value
$
687,687

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
687,687

 
$
567,687

 
$
120,000


Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity from date of purchase of three months or less, or highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash, to be cash equivalents.
Short-Term Investments
The Company classifies its investments in certificates of deposits maturing in greater than three months but less than one year on the date of the original investment as short-term investments. The carrying value of such investments approximates fair value and is accessible without any significant restrictions, taxes, or penalties. As of March 28, 2020, the Company had total investments in certificates of deposit of $50.0 million with remaining maturities of less than seven months.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Accounts receivable consist of trade receivables recorded at the time of invoicing of product sales, reduced by reserves for estimated bad debts and returns. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition. Collateral is generally not required. The Company records an allowance for doubtful accounts that it does not expect to collect based on relevant information, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Accounts are charged off against the allowance when the Company believes they are uncollectible.
Inventory
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using a standard cost method, which approximates the first in, first out method, and includes material, labor and overhead costs. Inventory valuation adjustments are recorded for inventory items that have become excess or obsolete or are no longer used in current production and for inventory items that have a market price less than carrying value in inventory. The Company generally determines inventory valuation adjustments based on an evaluation of the expected future use of its inventory on an item by item basis and applies historical obsolescence rates to estimate the loss on inventory expected to have a recovery value below cost. The Company also records other specific inventory valuation adjustments when it becomes aware of unique events or circumstances that result in an expected recovery value below cost. For inventory items that have been written down, the reduced value becomes the new cost basis.

10
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives as follows:
 
Useful Lives
Aircraft and components
4 to 20 years
Buildings
39 years
Building improvements
7 to 15 years
Computer equipment and software
2 to 12 years
Demonstration units
3 years
Furniture and office equipment
2 to 6 years
Leasehold improvements
Lesser of useful life or term of lease
Machinery and equipment
5 to 10 years
Tooling
3 years
Vehicles
5 years

Land is not depreciated and construction-in-progress is not depreciated until placed in service. Normal repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred, whereas significant improvements that materially increase values or extend useful lives are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining estimated useful lives of the related assets. Upon sale or retirement of depreciable assets, the related cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss on the sale or retirement is recognized in income.
Lessee Right-of-Use (ROU) Assets and Lease Liabilities
The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an asset underlying an operating lease for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from an operating lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The Company generally estimates the applicable discount rate used to determine the net present value of lease payments based on available information at the lease commencement date. Many of the Company’s lessee agreements include options to extend the lease, which the Company does not include in its lease terms unless they are reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company utilizes a portfolio approach to account for the ROU assets and liabilities associated with certain equipment leases. The Company has also made an accounting policy election not to separate lease and non-lease components for its real estate leases and to exclude short-term leases with a term of twelve months from its ROU assets and lease liabilities. Rental expense for lease payments related to operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets consist primarily of patents, trademarks, software development costs, customer relationships and acquired technology. Costs related to patents and trademarks, which include legal and application fees, are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Patent and trademark amortization commences once final approval of the patent or trademark has been obtained. Patent costs are amortized over the lesser of 10 years or the patent’s remaining legal life, which assumes renewals, and trademark costs are amortized over 17 years, and their associated amortization cost is included in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. For intangibles purchased in an asset acquisition or business combination, which mainly include patents, trademarks, customer relationships and acquired technology, the useful life is determined in the same manner as noted above.
The Company’s policy is to renew its patents and trademarks. Costs to renew patents and trademarks are capitalized and amortized over the remaining useful life of the intangible asset. The Company continually evaluates the amortization period and carrying basis of patents and trademarks to determine whether any events or circumstances warrant a revised estimated useful life or reduction in value. Capitalized application costs are charged to operations when it is determined that the patent or trademark will not be obtained or is abandoned.

11
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

Impairment of Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets
Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition and the fair value of the acquired net tangible and intangible assets. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested annually for impairment, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. In assessing goodwill impairment, the Company has the option to first assess the qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The Company’s qualitative assessment of the recoverability of goodwill considers various macroeconomic, industry-specific and Company-specific factors, including: (i) severe adverse industry or economic trends; (ii) significant Company-specific actions; (iii) current, historical or projected deterioration of the Company’s financial performance; or (iv) a sustained decrease in the Company’s market capitalization below its net book value. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is unlikely that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative analysis is unnecessary. However, if the Company concludes otherwise, or if the Company elects to bypass the qualitative analysis, then the Company must perform a quantitative analysis that compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired; otherwise, a goodwill impairment loss is recognized for the lesser of: (a) the amount that the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value; or (b) the amount of the goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The annual impairment test is performed during the fourth fiscal quarter.
The Company reviews long-lived assets and identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted operating cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the asset. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.
Revenue Recognition, Deferred Revenue and Other Contract Liabilities
The Company derives the majority of its product revenue from four primary sources: (i) direct sales under deferred equipment agreements with end-user hospitals where the Company provides up-front monitoring equipment at no up-front charge in exchange for a multi-year sensor purchase commitment; (ii) other direct sales of noninvasive monitoring solutions to end-user hospitals, emergency medical response organizations and other direct customers; (iii) sales of noninvasive monitoring solutions to distributors who then typically resell to end-user hospitals, emergency medical response organizations and other customers; and (iv) sales of integrated circuit boards to OEM customers who incorporate the Company’s embedded software technology into their multiparameter monitoring devices. Subject to customer credit considerations, the majority of such sales are made on open account using industry standard payment terms based on the geography within which the specific customer is located.
The Company generally recognizes revenue following a single, principles-based five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers and generally provides for the recognition of revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled, net of allowances for estimated returns, discounts or sales incentives, as well as taxes collected from customers that are remitted to government authorities, when control over the promised goods or services are transferred to the customer. Revenue related to equipment supplied under sales-type lease arrangements is recognized once control over the equipment is transferred to the customer, while revenue related to equipment supplied under operating-type lease arrangements is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
While the majority of the Company’s revenue contracts and transactions contain standard business terms and conditions, there are some transactions that contain non-standard business terms and conditions. As a result, contract interpretation, judgment and analysis is required to determine the appropriate accounting, including: (i) the amount of the total consideration, including variable consideration, (ii) whether the arrangement contains an embedded lease, and if so, whether such embedded lease is a sales-type lease or an operating lease, (iii) the identification of the distinct performance obligations contained within the arrangement, (iv) how the arrangement consideration should be allocated to each performance obligation when multiple performance obligations exist, including the determination of standalone selling price, and (v) when to recognize revenue on the performance obligations. Changes in judgments on these assumptions and estimates could materially impact the timing of revenue recognition.

12
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

The Company enters into agreements to sell its monitoring solutions and services, sometimes as a part of arrangements with multiple performance obligations that include various combinations of product sales, equipment leases and services. In the case of contracts with multiple performance obligations, the authoritative guidance provides that the total consideration be allocated to each performance obligation on the basis of relative standalone selling prices. When a standalone selling price is not readily observable, the Company estimates the standalone selling price by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, features and functionality of the product, geographies, type of customer, contractual prices pursuant to Group Purchasing Organization (GPO) contracts, the Company’s pricing and discount practices, and other market conditions.
Sales under deferred equipment agreements are generally structured such that the Company agrees to provide certain monitoring-related equipment, software, installation, training and/or warranty support at no up-front charge in exchange for the customer’s commitment to purchase sensors over the term of the agreement, which generally ranges from three years to six years. The Company allocates contract consideration under deferred equipment agreements containing fixed annual sensor purchase commitments to the underlying lease and non-lease components at contract inception. In determining whether any underlying lease components are related to a sales-type lease or an operating lease, the Company evaluates the customer’s rights and ability to control the use of the underlying equipment throughout the contract term, including any equipment substitution rights retained by the Company, as well as the Company’s expectations surrounding potential contract/lease extensions or renewals and the customer’s likelihood to exercise any purchase options. Revenue allocable to non-lease performance obligations is generally recognized as such non-lease performance obligations are satisfied. Revenue allocable to lease components under sales-type lease arrangements is generally recognized when control over the equipment is transferred to the customer. Revenue allocable to lease components under operating lease arrangements is generally recognized over the term of the operating lease. The Company generally does not expect to derive any significant value in excess of such asset’s unamortized book value from equipment underlying its operating lease arrangements after the end of the agreement.
Revenue from the sales of products to end-user hospitals, emergency medical response organizations, other direct customers, distributors and OEM customers, is recognized by the Company when control of such products transfer to the customer based upon the terms of the contract or underlying purchase order.
Revenue related to OEM rainbow® parameter software licenses is recognized by the Company upon the OEM’s shipment of its product to its customer, as reported to the Company by the OEM.
The Company provides certain customers with various sales incentives that may take the form of discounts or rebates. The Company records estimates related to these programs as a reduction to revenue at the time of sale. In general, customers do not have a right of return for credit or refund. However, the Company allows returns under certain circumstances. At the end of each period, the Company estimates and accrues for these returns as a reduction to revenue. The Company estimates the revenue constraints related to these forms of variable consideration based on various factors, including expected purchasing volumes, prior sales and returns history, and specific contractual terms and limitations.
Shipping and Handling Costs and Fees
All shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred and are recorded as a component of cost of goods sold in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Charges for shipping and handling billed to customers are included as a component of product revenue.
Taxes Collected From Customers and Remitted to Governmental Authorities
The Company’s policy is to present revenue net of taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities.
Deferred Costs and Other Contract Assets
The costs of monitoring-related equipment provided to customers under operating lease arrangements within the Company’s deferred equipment agreements are generally deferred and amortized to cost of goods sold over the life of the underlying contracts. Some of the Company’s deferred equipment agreements also contain provisions for certain allowances to be made directly to the end-user hospital customer at the inception of the arrangement. These allowances are generally allocated to the lease and non-lease components and recognized as a reduction to revenue as the underlying performance obligations are satisfied.

13
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

The Company generally invoices its customers under deferred equipment agreements as sensors are provided to the customer. However, the Company may recognize revenue for certain non-lease performance obligations under deferred equipment agreements with fixed annual commitments at the time such performance obligations are satisfied and prior to the customer being invoiced. When this occurs, the Company records an unbilled contract receivable related to such revenue until the customer has been invoiced pursuant to the terms of the underlying deferred equipment agreement.
The incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer are capitalized and deferred if the Company expects such costs to be recoverable over the life of the contract and the contract term is greater than one year. Such deferred costs generally relate to certain incentive sales commissions earned by the Company’s internal sales team in connection with the execution of deferred equipment agreements and are amortized to expense over the expected term of the underlying contract.
Product Warranty
The Company generally provides a warranty against defects in material and workmanship for a period ranging from three months to forty-eight months, depending on the product type. In traditional sales activities, including direct and OEM sales, the Company establishes an accrued liability for the estimated warranty costs at the time of revenue recognition, with a corresponding provision to cost of goods sold. Customers may also purchase extended warranty coverage or service level upgrades separately or as part of a deferred equipment agreement. Revenue related to extended warranty coverage and service level upgrades is generally recognized over the life of the contract, which reasonably approximates the period over which such services will be provided. The related extended warranty and service level upgrade costs are expensed as incurred.
Changes in the product warranty accrual were as follows (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30,
2019
Warranty accrual, beginning of period
$
3,395

 
$
1,910

Accrual for warranties issued
117

 
720

Changes in pre-existing warranties (including changes in estimates)
(105
)
 
2,447

Settlements made
(241
)
 
(524
)
Warranty accrual, end of period
$
3,166

 
$
4,553


Litigation Costs and Contingencies
The Company records a charge equal to at least the minimum estimated liability for a loss contingency or litigation settlement when both of the following conditions are met: (i) information available prior to issuance of the financial statements indicates that it is probable that a liability had been incurred at the date of the financial statements, and (ii) the range of loss can be reasonably estimated. The determination of whether a loss contingency or litigation settlement is probable or reasonably possible involves a significant amount of management judgment, as does the estimation of the range of loss given the nature of contingencies. Liabilities related to litigation settlements with multiple elements are recorded based on the fair value of each element. Legal and other litigation related expenses are recognized as the services are provided. The Company records insurance and other indemnity recoveries for litigation expenses when both of the following conditions are met: (a) the recovery is probable, and (b) collectability is reasonably assured. Insurance recoveries are only recorded to the extent the litigation costs to which they relate have been incurred and recognized in the financial statements.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income includes foreign currency translation adjustments and any related tax benefits that have been excluded from net income and reflected in stockholders’ equity.

14
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

Net Income Per Share
A computation of basic and diluted net income per share is as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30,
2019
Net income
$
64,456

 
$
49,322

Basic net income per share:
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic
53,867

 
53,210

Net income per basic share
$
1.20

 
$
0.93

Diluted net income per share:
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic
53,867

 
53,210

Diluted share equivalent: stock options, RSUs and PSUs
3,718

 
3,589

Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted
57,585

 
56,799

Net income per diluted share
$
1.12

 
$
0.87


Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period. Net income per diluted share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of shares and potential shares outstanding during the period, if the effect of potential shares is dilutive. Potential shares include incremental shares of stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options and the vesting of both restricted share units (RSUs) and performance share units (PSUs). For the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, weighted options to purchase 0.4 million and 0.3 million shares of common stock, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted net income per share because the effect of including such shares would have been antidilutive in the applicable period. Certain RSUs are considered contingently issuable shares as their vesting is contingent upon the occurrence of certain future events. Since such events had not occurred and were not considered probable of occurring as of each of March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, 2.7 million weighted average shares related to such RSUs have been excluded from the calculation of potential shares for each of the three month periods then ended.



15
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Supplemental cash flow information includes the following (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30,
2019
Cash paid during the year for:
 
 
 
Interest expense
$
66

 
$
13

Income taxes
3,886

 
2,157

Operating lease liabilities
1,463

 
1,748

 
 
 
 
Non-cash operating activities:
 
 
 
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
$
8,144

 
$
22,983

 
 
 
 
Non-cash investing activities:
 
 
 
Unpaid purchases of property, plant and equipment
$
4,240

 
$
1,127

 
 
 
 
Non-cash financing activities:
 
 
 
       Unsettled common stock proceeds from option exercises
$
466

 
$
583

 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
605,916

 
$
412,861

Restricted cash
376

 
149

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows
$
606,292

 
$
413,010


Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13). Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2016-13, the FASB clarified the guidance through several ASUs. The collective new guidance (ASC 326) generally requires entities to use a current expected credit loss model, which is a new impairment model based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under this model, an entity recognizes an impairment allowance equal to its current estimate of all contractual cash flows that the entity does not expect to collect. The entity’s estimate considers relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company adopted this standard during the three months ended March 28, 2020 and such adoption did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU 2020-04). The new guidance provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the guidance in GAAP on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). Entities can make a one-time election to sell and/or reclassify held-to-maturity debt securities that reference an interest rate affected by reference rate reform. ASU 2020-04 is applied prospectively and is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning March 12, 2020. The relief is temporary and generally cannot be applied to contract modifications that occur after December 31, 2022 or hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after that date. However, certain optional expedients can be applied to hedging relationships evaluated in periods after December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the expected impact of this standard, but does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

16
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (ASU 2019-12). The new standard simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing exceptions to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation when there is a loss from continuing operations and income or a gain from other items, to the requirement to recognize a deferred tax liability for equity method investments when a foreign subsidiary becomes an equity method investment, to the ability not to recognize a deferred tax liability for a foreign subsidiary when a foreign equity method investment becomes a subsidiary, and to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. In addition, the standard requires that an entity recognize a franchise tax that is partially based on income as an income-based tax and account for any incremental amount incurred as a non-income-based tax, evaluate when a step up in the tax basis of goodwill should be considered part of the business combination in which the book goodwill was originally recognized and when it should be considered a separate transaction, reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date, and specifies that an entity is not required to allocate the consolidated amount of current and deferred tax expense to a legal entity that is not subject to tax in its separate financial statements; however, an entity may elect to do so (on an entity-by-entity basis) for a legal entity that is both not subject to tax and disregarded by the taxing authority. ASU 2019-12 is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the expected impact of this standard, but does not expect it to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements upon adoption.
3. Related Party Transactions
The Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is also the Chairman and CEO of Cercacor Laboratories, Inc. (Cercacor). The Company is a party to the following agreements with Cercacor:
•
Cross-Licensing Agreement - The Company and Cercacor are parties to the Cross-Licensing Agreement, which governs each party’s rights to certain intellectual property held by the two companies. The Company is subject to certain annual minimum aggregate royalty obligations for use of the rainbow® licensed technology. The current annual minimum royalty obligation is $5.0 million. Aggregate liabilities to Cercacor arising under the Cross-Licensing Agreement were $3.1 million and $2.9 million for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively.
•
Administrative Services Agreement - The Company is a party to an administrative services agreement with Cercacor (G&A Services Agreement), which governs certain general and administrative services that the Company provides to Cercacor. Amounts charged by the Company pursuant to the G&A Services Agreement were less than $0.1 million for each of the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019.
•
Lease and Sublease Agreement - Effective December 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement with Cercacor for approximately 34,000 square feet of office, research and development space at one of the Company’s owned facilities in Irvine (Cercacor Lease). The term of the Cercacor Lease expires on December 31, 2024. In March 2016, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with Cercacor for approximately 16,830 square feet of excess office and laboratory space located at 40 Parker, Irvine, California (Cercacor Sublease). The Cercacor Sublease began on May 1, 2016 and expired on December 15, 2019. The Company recognized approximately $0.3 million and $0.1 million of lease and sublease income for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively.
Net amounts due to Cercacor at March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019 were $3.0 million and $2.9 million, respectively.
The Company’s CEO is also the Chairman of the Masimo Foundation for Ethics, Innovation and Competition in Healthcare (Masimo Foundation), a non-profit organization that was founded in 2010 to provide a platform for encouraging ethics, innovation and competition in healthcare. In addition, the Company’s Executive Vice President (EVP), Chief Financial Officer (CFO) serves as the Treasurer of the Masimo Foundation and the Company’s EVP, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary serves as the Secretary for the Masimo Foundation. During the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, the Company made cash contributions of approximately $1.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively, to the Masimo Foundation. During the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, the Company made various in-kind contributions to the Masimo Foundation, mainly in the form of donated administrative services.
The Company’s CEO is also a director of the Patient Safety Movement Foundation (PSMF), a non-profit organization which was founded in 2013 to work with hospitals, medical technology companies and patient advocates to unite the healthcare ecosystem and eliminate the more than 200,000 U.S. preventable hospital deaths that occur every year. The Company’s EVP, CFO also serves as the Treasurer of PSMF. During the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, the Company made various in-kind contributions to PSMF, mainly in the form of donated office rent and administrative services.

17
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

The Company maintains an aircraft time share agreement, pursuant to which the Company has agreed from time to time to make its aircraft available to the Company’s CEO for lease on a time-sharing basis. The Company charges the Company’s CEO for personal use based on agreed upon reimbursement rates. For each of the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, the Company charged the Company’s CEO less than $0.1 million related to such reimbursements.
4. Inventories
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
 
March 28,
2020
 
December 28,
2019
Raw materials
$
53,902

 
$
55,913

Work-in-process
13,254

 
10,966

Finished goods
48,826

 
48,992

     Total inventories
$
115,982

 
$
115,871


5. Other Current Assets
Other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):
 
March 28,
2020
 
December 28,
2019
Lease receivable, current
$
20,454

 
$
20,250

Prepaid expenses
14,036

 
11,746

Indirect taxes receivable
9,330

 
9,311

Customer notes receivable
3,273

 
4,847

Prepaid rebates and royalties, current
2,575

 
1,801

Prepaid income taxes
1,711

 
7,330

Contract assets, current
1,709

 
1,486

Other current assets
2,324

 
3,300

     Total other current assets
$
55,412

 
$
60,071


6. Lease Receivable
The Company recognizes revenue and costs, as well as a lease receivable, at the time embedded sales-type leases within its deferred equipment agreements commence. Lease revenue related to both operating-type and sales-type leases for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 was approximately $10.0 million and $12.0 million, respectively, and is included within product revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations. Costs related to embedded leases within the Company’s deferred equipment agreements are included in cost of goods sold in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Lease receivable consists of the following (in thousands):
 
March 28,
2020
 
December 28,
2019
Lease receivable
$
72,315

 
$
70,589

Allowance for credit loss
(181
)
 
(403
)
     Lease receivable, net
72,134

 
70,186

Less: Current portion of lease receivable
(20,454
)
 
(20,250
)
     Lease receivable, noncurrent
$
51,680

 
$
49,936



18
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

As of March 28, 2020, estimated future maturities of customer sales-type lease receivables for each of the following fiscal years are as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal year
Amount
2020 (balance of year)
$
16,083

2021
17,911

2022
14,928

2023
10,792

2024
7,240

Thereafter
5,361

    Total
$
72,315


Estimated future operating lease payments expected to be received from customers under deferred equipment agreements are not material as of March 28, 2020.
7. Deferred Costs and Other Contract Assets
Deferred costs and other contract assets consist of the following (in thousands):
 
March 28,
2020
 
December 28,
2019
Prepaid contract allowances
$
8,015

 
$
8,098

Deferred commissions
5,604

 
5,260

Unbilled contract receivables, non-current
3,048

 
2,482

Equipment leased to customers
323

 
374

     Deferred costs and other contract assets
$
16,990

 
$
16,214


8. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, net, consists of the following (in thousands):
 
March 28,
2020
 
December 28,
2019
Building and building improvements
$
101,883

 
$
101,731

Machinery and equipment
60,881

 
58,864

Land
50,411

 
40,216

Aircraft and vehicles
32,145

 
29,934

Computer equipment and software
22,475

 
19,650

Leasehold improvements
16,584

 
15,921

Tooling
15,972

 
15,346

Furniture and office equipment
11,253

 
11,049

Demonstration units
834

 
836

Construction-in-progress (CIP)
58,706

 
39,107

     Total property and equipment
371,144

 
332,654

Accumulated depreciation
(117,988
)
 
(113,102
)
     Property and equipment, net
$
253,156

 
$
219,552


For the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, depreciation expense of property and equipment was $5.0 million and $4.3 million, respectively.

19
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

During the three months ended March 28, 2020, the Company purchased a facility in Switzerland for its European headquarter operations for a purchase price of $16.4 million, as well as land in Mexicali, Mexico for a purchase price of $7.7 million to be used for the construction of a new manufacturing and distribution facility.
The balance in CIP at March 28, 2020 relates primarily to acquisition and improvement costs for a recently purchased building in Switzerland and a portion of a building in California, capitalized implementation costs related to a new enterprise resource planning software system and costs related to equipment and other facility improvements, the underlying assets for which have not been completed or placed into service. The balance in CIP at December 28, 2019 related primarily to acquisition and improvement costs for a portion of a recently purchased building in California, capitalized implementation costs related to an enterprise resource planning software system and costs related to equipment and other facility improvements, the underlying assets for which have not been placed into service.
9. Intangible Assets
Intangible assets, net, consist of the following (in thousands):
 
March 28,
2020
 
December 28,
2019
Patents
$
26,332

 
$
23,242

Customer relationships
23,219

 
7,669

Licenses-related party
7,500

 
7,500

Trademarks
6,591

 
4,614

Acquired technology
5,580

 
5,580

Capitalized software development costs
3,328

 
3,328

Other
5,466

 
5,466

     Total intangible assets
78,016

 
57,399

Accumulated amortization
(31,277
)
 
(30,148
)
     Intangible assets, net
$
46,739

 
$
27,251


Intangible assets have a twelve year weighted-average amortization period. Total amortization expense for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 was $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively.
Total renewal costs for patents and trademarks for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 were $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. As of March 28, 2020, the weighted-average number of years until the next renewal was one year for patents and five years for trademarks.
During the three months ended March 28, 2020, the Company completed a business combination. Based on the Company’s preliminary purchase price allocation, approximately $15.5 million, $2.6 million and $1.7 million of the purchase price has been assigned to customer relationships, acquired technology and trademarks, respectively. The Company is still gathering additional information to finalize these preliminary estimates and expects to finalize the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date.
Estimated amortization expense for each of the next fiscal years is as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal year
Amount
2020 (balance of year)
$
5,716

2021
5,940

2022
4,866

2023
4,043

2024
3,653

Thereafter
22,521

     Total
$
46,739



20
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

10. Goodwill
Changes in goodwill were as follows (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 28, 2020
Goodwill, beginning of period
$
22,350

Increase from business combination(1) 
32,165

Foreign currency translation adjustment
(418
)
Goodwill, end of period
$
54,097


______________
(1)
During the three months ended March 28, 2020, the Company completed a business combination. Based on the Company’s preliminary purchase price allocation, approximately $32.2 million of the purchase price has been assigned to goodwill. The Company is still gathering additional information to finalize this preliminary estimate and expects to finalize the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date.
11. Lessee ROU Assets and Lease Liabilities
The Company leases certain facilities in North and South America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia-Pacific regions under operating lease agreements expiring at various dates through January 2030. In addition, the Company leases equipment in the U.S. and Europe that are classified as operating leases and expire at various dates through September 2023. The majority of these leases are non-cancellable and generally do not contain any material restrictive covenants, material residual value guarantees or other material guarantees. The Company recognizes lease costs under these agreements using a straight-line method based on total lease payments. Certain facility leases contain predetermined price escalations and in some cases renewal options, the longest of which is for five years.
The Company generally estimates the applicable discount rate used to determine the net present value of lease payments based on available information at the lease commencement date. As of March 28, 2020, the weighted average discount rate used by the Company for all operating leases was approximately 2.8%.
The balance sheet classifications for amounts related to the Company’s operating leases for which it is the lessee are as follows (in thousands):
 
Balance sheet classification
 
March 28,
2020
 
December 28,
2019
Lessee ROU assets
Other non-current assets
 
$
25,937

 
$
19,137

 
 
 
 
 
 
Lessee current lease liabilities
Other current liabilities
 
4,547

 
4,653

Lessee non-current lease liabilities
Other non-current liabilities
 
22,776

 
15,834

     Total operating lease liabilities
 
 
$
27,323

 
$
20,487


The weighted average remaining lease term for the Company’s operating leases was 8.4 years as of March 28, 2020.

21
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

As of March 28, 2020, estimated future operating lease payments for each of the following fiscal years were as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal year
Amount
2020 (balance of year)
$
4,320

2021
4,454

2022
3,405

2023
3,105

2024
2,678

Thereafter(1)
12,852

   Total
30,814

   Imputed interest
(3,491
)
   Present value
$
27,323


______________
(1)     Includes optional renewal period for certain leases.
Lease costs consist of the following (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30,
2019
Operating lease costs
$
1,658

 
$
1,765

Short-term lease costs
—

 
9

Sublease income
—

 
(52
)
     Total lease costs
$
1,658

 
$
1,722


12. Other Non-Current Assets
Other assets, long-term consist of the following (in thousands):
 
March 28,
2020
 
December 28,
2019
Lessee ROU assets
$
25,937

 
$
19,137

Strategic investments
6,302

 
6,475

Prepaid deposits
3,186

 
3,022

Other
150

 
157

Total other non-current assets
$
35,575

 
$
28,791


13. Deferred Revenue and Other Contract Liabilities
Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
 
March 28,
2020
 
December 28,
2019
Deferred revenue
$
24,360

 
$
13,998

Accrued rebates and allowances
7,771

 
8,436

Accrued customer reimbursements
4,830

 
5,739

     Total deferred revenue and other contract liabilities
36,961

 
28,173

Less: Non-current portion of deferred revenue
(2,483
)
 
(2,234
)
     Deferred revenue and other contract liabilities - current
$
34,478

 
$
25,939



22
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

Deferred revenue relates to contracted amounts that have been invoiced to customers for which remaining performance obligations must be completed before the Company can recognize the revenue. These amounts primarily relate to undelivered equipment, sensors and services under deferred equipment agreements, extended warranty agreements and maintenance agreements.
Changes in deferred revenue were as follows (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 28, 2020
Deferred revenue, beginning of the period
$
13,998

  Increase from business combination(1)
9,464

  Revenue deferred during the period
4,085

  Recognition of revenue deferred in prior periods
(3,187
)
     Deferred revenue, end of the period
$
24,360


______________
(1)
During the three months ended March 28, 2020, the Company completed a business combination. Based on the Company’s preliminary purchase price allocation, approximately $9.5 million of the purchase price has been assigned to deferred revenue. The Company is still gathering additional information to finalize this preliminary estimate and expects to finalize the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable, but no later than one year from the acquisition date.
Expected revenue from remaining contractual performance obligations (Unrecognized Contract Revenue) includes deferred revenue, as well as other amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods, when the Company completes its performance obligations. While Unrecognized Contract Revenue is similar in concept to backlog, Unrecognized Contract Revenue excludes revenue allocable to monitoring-related equipment that is effectively leased to customers under deferred equipment agreements and other contractual obligations for which neither party has performed.
The following table summarizes the Company’s estimated Unrecognized Contract Revenue as of March 28, 2020 and the future periods within which the Company expects to recognize such revenue.
 
Expected Future Revenue By Period
(in thousands)
 
Less than
1 Year
 
 Between
1-3 Years
 
 Between
 3-5 Years
 
More than
5 Years
 
Total
Unrecognized contract revenue
$
212,273

 
$
344,630

 
$
173,384

 
$
46,381

 
$
776,668


The estimated timing of this revenue is based, in part, on management’s estimates and assumptions about when its performance obligations will be completed. As a result, the actual timing of this revenue in future periods may vary, possibly materially, from those reflected in this table.
14. Other Current Liabilities
Other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
 
March 28,
2020
 
December 28,
2019
Accrued indirect taxes payable
$
6,231

 
$
7,545

Accrued expenses
5,456

 
6,115

Income tax payable
5,088

 
7,142

Lessee lease liabilities, current
4,547

 
4,653

Accrued donations
3,366

 
966

Accrued legal fees
3,204

 
1,839

Accrued warranty
3,166

 
3,395

Related party payables
3,164

 
3,024

Other
2,670

 
2,348

     Total accrued and other current liabilities
$
36,892

 
$
37,027



23
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

15. Credit Facility
The Company currently maintains a credit facility with various lenders that provides for up to $150.0 million of unsecured borrowings, with an option, subject to certain conditions, for the Company to increase the aggregate borrowing capacity up to $550.0 million in the future with such lenders and additional lenders, as required. The credit facility also provides for a sublimit of up to $25.0 million for the issuance of letters of credit and a sublimit of $75.0 million for borrowings in specified foreign currencies. All unpaid principal under the credit facility will become due and payable on December 17, 2023. Proceeds from the credit facility are expected to be used for general corporate, capital investment and working capital needs. As of March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019, the credit facility had no outstanding draws and $1.7 million of outstanding letters of credit. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the credit facility as of March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019.
For each of the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, the Company incurred total interest expense of $0.1 million under the credit facility.
16. Other Non-Current Liabilities
Other non-current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
 
March 28,
2020
 
December 28,
2019
Lessee lease liabilities, non-current
$
22,776

 
$
15,834

Income tax payable, non-current
21,509

 
21,509

Unrecognized tax benefits
13,870

 
13,184

Deferred tax liabilities
3,115

 
3,052

Other
2,705

 
2,456

     Total other non-current liabilities
$
63,975

 
$
56,035


Unrecognized tax benefits relate to the Company’s long-term portion of tax liability associated with uncertain tax positions. Authoritative guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. See Note 20 to these condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.
17. Stock Repurchase Program
In July 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors (Board) approved a stock repurchase program, authorizing the Company to purchase up to 5.0 million additional shares of its common stock over a period of up to three years (2018 Repurchase Program). The Company expects to fund the 2018 Repurchase Program through its available cash, cash expected to be generated from future operations, the credit facility and other potential sources of capital. The 2018 Repurchase Program can be carried out at the discretion of a committee comprised of the Company’s CEO and CFO through open market purchases, one or more Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, block trades and privately negotiated transactions. As of March 28, 2020, 4.7 million shares remained available for repurchase pursuant the 2018 Repurchase Program.
The following table provides a summary of the Company’s stock repurchase activities (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30,
2019
Shares repurchased(1)
3

 
—

Average cost per share
$
144.65

 
$
—

Value of shares repurchased
$
371

 
$
—


______________
(1)
Excludes shares withheld from the shares of its common stock actually issued in connection the vesting of PSU awards to satisfy certain U.S. federal and state tax withholding obligations.

24
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

18. Stock-Based Compensation
Total stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 was $11.3 million and $7.3 million, respectively. As of March 28, 2020, an aggregate of 10.2 million shares of common stock were reserved for future issuance under the Company’s equity plans, of which 1.9 million shares were available for future grant under the Masimo Corporation 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (2017 Equity Plan). Additional information related to the Company’s current equity incentive plans, stock-based award activity and valuation of stock-based awards is included below.
Equity Incentive Plans
2017 Equity Incentive Plan
On June 1, 2017, the Company’s stockholders ratified and approved the 2017 Equity Plan. The 2017 Equity Plan permits the grant of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, stock appreciation rights, PSUs, performance shares, performance bonus awards and other stock or cash awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and employees and consultants of any parent or subsidiary of the Company. The aggregate number of shares that may be awarded under the 2017 Equity Plan is 5.0 million shares.
The 2017 Equity Plan provides that at least 95% of the equity awards issued under the 2017 Equity Plan must vest over a period of not less than one year following the date of grant. The exercise price per share of each option granted under the 2017 Equity Plan may not be less than the fair market value of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, which is generally equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the grant date.
2007 Stock Incentive Plan
Effective June 1, 2017, upon the approval and ratification of the 2017 Equity Plan, the Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (2007 Equity Plan) terminated, provided that awards outstanding under the 2007 Equity Plan will continue to be governed by the terms of that plan. In addition, upon the effectiveness of the 2017 Equity Plan, an aggregate of 5.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock registered under prior registration statements for issuance pursuant to the 2007 Equity Plan were deregistered and concurrently registered under the 2017 Equity Plan.
Stock-Based Award Activity
Stock Options
The number and weighted-average exercise price of options issued and outstanding under all of the Company’s equity plans are as follows (in thousands, except for exercise prices):
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 28, 2020
 
Shares
 
Average
Exercise Price
Options outstanding, beginning of period
5,212

 
$
54.23

Granted
255

 
175.10

Canceled
(33
)
 
112.65

Exercised
(384
)
 
35.10

Options outstanding, end of period
5,050

 
$
61.42

Options exercisable, end of period
3,245

 
$
36.12


Total stock option expense for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 was $4.0 million and $3.5 million, respectively. As of March 28, 2020, the Company had $51.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options that are expected to vest over a weighted average period of approximately 3.1 years. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding with an exercise price less than the closing price of the Company’s common stock as of March 28, 2020 was 5.8 years. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options exercisable, with an exercise price less than the closing price of the Company’s common stock as of March 28, 2020, was 4.5 years.

25
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

RSUs
The number of RSUs issued and outstanding under all of the Company’s equity plans are as follows (in thousands, except for weighted average grant date fair value amounts):
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 28, 2020
 
Units
 
Weighted Average Grant
 Date Fair Value
RSUs outstanding, beginning of period
2,797

 
$
96.85

Granted
72

 
178.71

Canceled
—

 
—

Expired
—

 
—

Vested
(17
)
 
132.83

RSUs outstanding, end of period
2,852

 
$
98.72


Total RSU expense for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 was $1.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively. As of March 28, 2020, the Company had $22.4 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSU awards expected to be recognized and vest over a weighted-average period of approximately 4.2 years.
PSUs
The number of PSUs outstanding under all of the Company’s equity plans are as follows (in thousands, except for weighted average grant date fair value amounts):
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 28, 2020
 
Units
 
Weighted Average Grant
 Date Fair Value
PSUs outstanding, beginning of period
412

 
$
102.22

Granted
97

 
179.42

Canceled
—

 
—

Expired
—

 
—

Vested
(29
)
 
90.69

PSUs outstanding, end of period
480

 
$
118.52


During the three months ended March 28, 2020, the Company awarded 97,000 PSUs that will vest three years from the award date, based on the achievement of certain 2022 performance criteria approved by the Board. If earned, the PSUs granted will vest upon achievement of the performance criteria after the year in which the performance achievement level has been determined. The number of shares that may be earned can range from 0% to 200% of the target amount; therefore, the maximum number of shares that can be issued under these awards is twice the original award of 97,000 PSUs or 194,000 shares. Based on management’s estimate of the number of units expected to vest, total PSU expense for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 was $6.3 million and $3.6 million, respectively. As of March 28, 2020, the Company had $62.4 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested PSU awards expected to be recognized and vest over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.6 years.

26
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

Valuation of Stock-Based Award Activity
The Black-Scholes option pricing model is used to estimate the fair value of options granted under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans. The range of assumptions used and the resulting weighted-average fair value of options granted at the date of grant were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30,
2019
Risk-free interest rate
0.4% to 1.7%
 
2.2% to 2.6%
Expected term (in years)
5.1
 
5.6
Estimated volatility
26.9% to 27.2%
 
29.3% to 30.0%
Expected dividends
0%
 
0%
Weighted-average fair value of options granted
$45.01
 
$41.01

The aggregate intrinsic value of options is calculated as the positive difference, if any, between the market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of exercise or the respective period end, as appropriate, and the exercise price of the options. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding with an exercise price less than the closing price of the Company’s common stock as of March 28, 2020 was $594.0 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable with an exercise price less than the closing price of the Company’s common stock as of March 28, 2020 was $463.7 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during the three months ended March 28, 2020 was $54.6 million.
The fair value of each RSU and PSU award is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date, or the modification date, if any.
19. Non-operating income
Non-operating income consists of the following (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30,
2019
Interest income
$
2,844

 
$
3,433

Realized and unrealized foreign currency gains
588

 
534

Interest expense
(84
)
 
(80
)
Other
(2
)
 
(1
)
Total
$
3,346

 
$
3,886


20. Income Taxes
The Company has provided for income taxes in fiscal year 2020 interim periods based on the estimated effective income tax rate for the complete fiscal year, as adjusted for discrete tax events, including excess tax benefits or deficiencies related to stock-based compensation, in the period such events occur. The estimated annual effective tax rate is computed based on the expected annual pretax income of the consolidated entities located within each taxing jurisdiction based on legislation enacted as of the balance sheet date. For the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, the Company recorded discrete tax benefits of approximately $9.6 million and $3.4 million, respectively, related to excess tax benefits realized from stock-based compensation.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the future tax consequences associated with temporary differences between income and expenses reported for accounting and tax purposes. A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is recorded to the extent that the Company cannot determine that the ultimate realization of the net deferred tax assets is more likely than not. Realization of deferred tax assets is principally dependent upon the achievement of future taxable income, the estimation of which requires significant judgment by the Company’s management. The judgment of the Company’s management regarding future profitability may change due to many factors, including future market conditions and the Company’s ability to successfully execute its business plans or tax planning strategies. These changes, if any, may require material adjustments to these deferred tax asset balances.

27
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

As of March 28, 2020, the liability for income taxes associated with uncertain tax positions was approximately $17.7 million. If fully recognized, approximately $16.3 million (net of federal benefit on state taxes) would impact the Company’s effective tax rate. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits in various jurisdictions may change in the next twelve months due to the expiration of statutes of limitation and audit settlements. However, due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing of these events, an estimate of the change within the next twelve months cannot currently be made.
The Company conducts business in multiple jurisdictions and, as a result, one or more of the Company’s subsidiaries files income tax returns in U.S. federal, various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. The Company has concluded all U.S. federal income tax matters through fiscal year 2014. All material state, local and foreign income tax matters have been concluded through fiscal year 2012. The Company does not believe that the results of any tax authority examination would have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.
21. Commitments and Contingencies
Employee Retirement Savings Plan
The Company sponsors a qualified defined contribution plan or 401(k) plan, the Masimo Retirement Savings Plan (MRSP), covering the Company’s full-time U.S. employees who meet certain eligibility requirements. In general, the Company matches an employee’s contribution up to 3% of the employee’s compensation, subject to a maximum amount. The Company may also contribute to the MRSP on a discretionary basis. The Company contributed $0.8 million and $0.5 million to the MRSP for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively. In addition, the Company sponsors various defined contribution plans in certain locations outside of the United States, the contributions to which were not material for any period.
Employment and Severance Agreements
In July 2017, the Company entered into the First Amendment to the certain Amended and Restated Employment Agreement entered into between the Company and Mr. Kiani on November 4, 2015 (as amended, the Amended Employment Agreement). Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Employment Agreement, upon a “Qualifying Termination” (as defined in the Amended Employment Agreement), Mr. Kiani will be entitled to receive a cash severance benefit equal to two times the sum of his then-current base salary and the average annual bonus paid to Mr. Kiani during the immediately preceding three years, the full amount of the “Award Shares” (as defined in the Amended Employment Agreement) and the full amount of the “Cash Payment” (as defined in the Amended Employment Agreement). In addition, in the event of a “Change in Control” (as defined in the Amended Employment Agreement) prior to a Qualifying Termination, on each of the first and second anniversaries of the Change in Control, 50% of the Cash Payment and 50% of the Award Shares will vest, subject in each case to Mr. Kiani’s continuous employment through each such anniversary date; however, in the event of a Qualifying Termination or a termination of Mr. Kiani’s employment due to death or disability prior to either of such anniversaries, any unvested amount of the Cash Payment and all of the unvested Award Shares shall vest and be paid in full. Additionally, in the event of a Change in Control prior to a Qualifying Termination, Mr. Kiani’s stock options and any other equity awards will vest in accordance with their terms, but in no event later than in two equal installments on each of the one year and two year anniversaries of the Change in Control, subject in each case to Mr. Kiani’s continuous employment through each such anniversary date. As of March 28, 2020, the expense related to the Award Shares and Cash Payment that would be recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon the occurrence of a Qualifying Termination under the Restated Employment Agreement was approximately $292.9 million.
As of March 28, 2020, the Company had severance plan participation agreements with eight executive officers. The participation agreements (the Agreements) are governed by the terms and conditions of the Company’s 2007 Severance Protection Plan (the Severance Plan), which became effective on July 19, 2007 and which was amended effective December 31, 2008. Under each of the Agreements, the applicable executive officer may be entitled to receive certain salary, equity, medical and life insurance benefits if he is terminated by the Company without cause or if he terminates his employment for good reason under certain circumstances. The executive officers are also required to give the Company six months’ advance notice of their resignation under certain circumstances.
Purchase Commitments
Pursuant to contractual obligations with vendors, the Company had $132.1 million of purchase commitments as of March 28, 2020, which are expected to be purchased within one year. These purchase commitments have been made for certain inventory items in order to secure sufficient levels of those items and to achieve better pricing.

28
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

Other Contractual Commitments
In the normal course of business, the Company may provide bank guarantees to support government hospital tenders in certain foreign jurisdictions. As of March 28, 2020, the Company had approximately $2.4 million in outstanding unsecured bank guarantees.
In certain circumstances, the Company also provides limited indemnification within its various customer contracts whereby the Company indemnifies the parties to whom it sells its products with respect to potential infringement of intellectual property, and against bodily injury caused by a defective Company product. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these or similar agreements, due to the conditional nature of the Company’s obligations and the unique facts and circumstances involved. As of March 28, 2020, the Company had not incurred any significant costs related to contractual indemnification of its customers.
In March 2020, the Company exercised its option and entered into a definitive agreement to acquire TNI medical AG for approximately EUR 29.8 million in cash. The transaction closed subsequent to March 28, 2020.
Concentrations of Risk
The Company is exposed to credit loss for the amount of its cash deposits with financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits. The Company invests a portion of its excess cash in time deposits with major financial institutions. As of March 28, 2020, the Company had $656.3 million of bank balances, including short terms investments and restricted cash, of which $3.9 million was covered by either the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit or foreign countries’ deposit insurance organizations.
The Company’s ability to sell its products to U.S. hospitals depends in part on its relationships with GPOs. Many existing and potential customers for the Company’s products become members of GPOs. GPOs negotiate pricing arrangements and contracts, sometimes exclusively, with medical supply manufacturers and distributors, and these negotiated prices are made available to a GPO’s affiliated hospitals and other members. During the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, revenue from sales to customers that are members of GPOs approximated 55.2% and 56.2% of total product revenue, respectively.
For the three months ended March 28, 2020, the Company had sales through two just-in-time distributors that represented 14.6% and 12.3% of total product revenue, respectively. For the three months ended March 30, 2019, the Company had sales through the same two just-in-time distributors that represented 10.3% and 13.6% of total product revenue, respectively.
As of March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019, one customer represented 18.0% and 19.0%, respectively, of the Company’s accounts receivable balance. The receivable balances related to such customer are fully secured by letters of credit.
Litigation
During the third quarter of fiscal year 2017, the Company became aware that certain amounts had been paid by a foreign government customer to the Company’s former appointed foreign agent in connection with a foreign government tender, but had not been remitted by such agent to the Company in accordance with the agency agreement. On December 28, 2017, the Company initiated arbitration proceedings against this foreign agent after unsuccessful attempts to recover such remittances. As a result, the Company recorded a net charge of approximately $10.5 million during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017 in connection with this dispute, of which $2.0 million was recovered during the year ended December 28, 2019. An arbitration hearing was held on February 11, 2019. On July 8, 2019, the arbitrator awarded the Company $10.5 million in damages, fees and costs. On January 12, 2020, the Company received notice that bankruptcy restructuring proceedings had been initiated for the foreign agent. The Company filed its claim with the bankruptcy trustee on January 16, 2020. Although the Company intends to vigorously pursue the collection of the arbitration award through the bankruptcy proceedings, there is no guarantee that the Company will be successful in these efforts.
On January 2, 2014, a putative class action complaint was filed against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California by Physicians Healthsource, Inc. The complaint alleges that the Company sent unsolicited facsimile advertisements in violation of the Junk Fax Protection Act of 2005 and related regulations. The complaint seeks $500 for each alleged violation, treble damages if the District Court finds the alleged violations to be knowing, plus interest, costs and injunctive relief. On March 26, 2019, an amended complaint was filed adding Radha Geismann, M.D. PC as an additional named plaintiff. On June 17, 2019, the plaintiffs filed their motion for class certification. On September 10, 2019, the parties filed motions for summary judgment. On September 30, 2019, the Company filed its opposition to the motion for class certification, and the plaintiffs filed their reply on October 7, 2019.

29
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

On November 21, 2019, the District Court issued an order denying the plaintiffs’ motion for class certification and granting in part and denying in part the Company’s motions for summary judgment, and deferring ruling on the plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment. On December 5, 2019, the plaintiffs filed a petition for permission to appeal the order denying class certification, which was denied on January 24, 2020. Trial of the individual plaintiffs’ claims was scheduled for June 2, 2020, but the date was vacated. No new trial date has been set. The Company believes it has good and substantial defenses to the claims, but there is no guarantee that the Company will prevail. The Company is unable to determine whether any loss will ultimately occur or to estimate the range of such loss; therefore, no amount of loss has been accrued by the Company in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
On January 9, 2020, the Company filed a complaint against Apple Inc. (Apple) in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California for infringement of a number of patents, for trade secret misappropriation, and for ownership and correction of inventorship of a number of Apple patents listing one of its former employees as an inventor. The Company is seeking damages, injunctive relief, and declaratory judgment regarding ownership of the Apple patents. Although the Company intends to vigorously pursue all of its legal remedies, there is no guarantee that the Company will be successful in these efforts.
From time to time, the Company may be involved in other litigation and investigations relating to claims and matters arising out of its operations in the normal course of business. The Company believes that it currently is not a party to any other legal proceedings which, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
22. Segment Information and Enterprise Reporting
The Company’s chief operating decision maker, the CEO, reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information about revenues by geographic region, for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, the Company considers itself to be in a single reporting segment, specifically noninvasive patient monitoring solutions and related products. In addition, the Company’s assets are primarily located in the U.S. The Company does not produce reports for, or measure the performance of, its geographic regions on any asset-based metrics. Therefore, geographic information is presented only for revenues and long-lived assets.
The following schedule presents an analysis of the Company’s product revenues based upon the geographic area to which the product was shipped (in thousands, except percentages):
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30,
2019
Geographic area by destination:
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States (U.S.)
$
189,519

 
70.3
%
 
$
156,668

 
68.0
%
Europe, Middle East and Africa
54,357

 
20.2

 
48,472

 
21.0

Asia and Australia
19,312

 
7.2

 
18,118

 
7.9

North and South America (excluding the U.S.)
6,437

 
2.3

 
7,290

 
3.1

     Total product revenue
$
269,625

 
100.0
%
 
$
230,548

 
100.0
%

The Company’s consolidated long-lived assets (tangible non-current assets) by geographic area are (in thousands, except percentages):
 
March 28,
2020
 
December 28,
2019
Long-lived assets by geographic area:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
$
226,197

 
89.2
%
 
$
216,650

 
98.5
%
International
27,282

 
10.8

 
3,276

 
1.5

     Total long-lived assets
$
253,479

 
100.0
%
 
$
219,926

 
100.0
%


30
MASIMO CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)
(unaudited)

The Company possesses licenses from the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control for conducting business with certain countries identified by the State Department as state sponsors of terrorism. The Company does not have any subsidiaries, affiliates, offices, investments or employees in any country identified as a state sponsor of terrorism. In addition, the Company did not have any sales to customers in Sudan or Syria during the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019. However, the Company did have immaterial product sales to certain customers where such products were ultimately destined for Iran during the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, but does not believe that such sales activities were material to its business, financial condition or results of operations.


31

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in connection with the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially and adversely from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements include any expectation of earnings, revenues or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations; factors that may affect our operating results or financial condition; statements concerning new products, technologies or services; statements related to future capital expenditures; statements related to future economic conditions or performance; statements related to our stock repurchase programs; statements as to industry trends and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts or statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. These statements are often identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may” or “will,” the negative versions of these terms and similar expressions or variations. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially and adversely from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified below, and those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2019, which we filed with the SEC on February 19, 2020. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of such statements.
Executive Overview
We are a global medical technology company that develops, manufactures and markets a variety of noninvasive monitoring technologies and hospital automation solutions. Our mission is to improve patient outcomes and reduce the cost of patient care. Our patient monitoring solutions generally incorporate a monitor or circuit board, proprietary single-patient use or reusable sensors, software and/or cables. We provide our products to hospitals, emergency medical service (EMS) providers, home care providers, long-term care facilities, physician offices, veterinarians and consumers through our direct sales force, distributors and original equipment manufacturers (OEM) partners. We were incorporated in California in May 1989 and reincorporated in Delaware in May 1996.
Our core business is Measure-through Motion and Low Perfusion™  pulse oximetry, known as Masimo Signal Extraction Technology® (SET®) pulse oximetry. Our product offerings have expanded significantly over the years to also include noninvasive monitoring of blood constituents with an optical signature, optical regional oximetry monitoring, electrical brain function monitoring, acoustic respiration monitoring and exhaled gas monitoring. In addition, we have developed the Root® patient monitoring and connectivity platform, the Radical-7® and Rad-97® bedside and portable patient monitors and the Radius-7® wearable wireless patient monitor. We have also developed hospital automation and connectivity solutions, such as the Masimo Patient SafetyNet™ supplemental remote patient surveillance and monitoring system, which currently allows up to 200 patients to be monitored and viewed simultaneously and remotely through a PC-based monitor or by care providers through their pagers, voice-over-IP phones or smartphones, Iris® and Iris Gateway®, which allow the transfer of data from Masimo and third-party devices to hospital electronic medical records; and UniView™, which provides an integrated display of real-time data from Masimo and third-party devices. For an overview of our product offerings and technologies, please refer to “Business” in Part I, Item 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 19, 2020.
We announced FDA clearance for continuous RRp® (respiration rate from the photoplethysmograph) monitoring of adult and pediatric patients with Rad-97®, Radical-7® and Radius-7® Pulse CO-Oximeters® in March 2020. With this clearance, both continuous and spot-check RRp® are now available in the U.S., supported in a variety of pulse oximetry sensors and configurations, including the new non-cabled, tetherless, wearable Radius PPG™.
In March 2020, we also announced Masimo SafetyNet™, an innovative, economically scalable patient management system designed to help clinicians care for patients remotely, in an effort to aid the global COVID-19 pandemic response efforts. This telehealth solution combines our tetherless Radius PPG™ pulse oximetery with Doctella™, a secure, remote patient surveillance platform accessible from a patient’s iOS or Android smartphone or smart device. This new solution is designed to allow hospitals to expand patient monitoring to the home or to other facility locations set up temporarily to care for a potential surge in COVID-19 patients while maintaining the safety of other patients and providers.

32

COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant uncertainty in the U.S. and around the globe, resulting in both challenges and opportunities for our business. We are committed to being as transparent as possible with our investors, employees, customers, suppliers and business partners as we collectively work to respond to this crisis. In response to this situation, we have implemented a number of precautionary measures at our facilities, including: requiring certain personnel to work remotely from home and enacting social distancing, requiring face masks and screening for symptoms for critical personnel that are required to report to our facilities to work. In response to the increased product demand that we are seeing from our customers as they prepare for a possible surge in patients, we are working to increase our manufacturing capacity. In addition, we have recently introduced new products, such as Masimo SafetyNet™, to help combat the COVID-19 pandemic, and have made charitable pledges to global health organizations to support various relief efforts. We currently believe that our existing liquidity position will be sufficient to fund these initiatives and our response efforts.
Given the uncertainties related to the COVID-19 pandemic, we cannot predict how long such increased product demand or any resulting changes in our product mix will continue. In addition, this increase in current demand could result in potential reductions in future demand if there has been overbuying of our products as our customers consume their excess inventory. Furthermore, we continue to be exposed to potential disruptions to our manufacturing operations, disruptions in the supply of critical manufacturing components and disruptions in our workforce as current circumstances surrounding the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic change. Please see “Risks Related to Our Revenues” and “Risks Related to our Business and Operations” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on potential negative impacts to us resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cercacor
Cercacor Laboratories, Inc. (Cercacor) is an independent entity spun off from us to our stockholders in 1998. Joe Kiani, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), is also the Chairman and CEO of Cercacor. We are a party to a cross-licensing agreement with Cercacor, which was amended and restated effective January 1, 2007 (the Cross-Licensing Agreement), which governs each party’s rights to certain intellectual property held by the two companies. See Note 3 to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information related to Cercacor.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our results of operations expressed as U.S. Dollar amounts and as a percentage of revenue (dollars in thousands).
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
Percentage
of Revenue
 
March 30,
2019
 
Percentage
of Revenue
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product
$
269,625

 
100.0
 %
 
$
230,548

 
99.5
%
Royalty and other revenue
—

 
—

 
1,116

 
0.5

Total revenue
269,625

 
100.0

 
231,664

 
100.0

Cost of goods sold
83,996

 
31.2

 
80,022

 
34.5

Gross profit
185,629

 
68.8

 
151,642

 
65.5

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative
89,877

 
33.3

 
74,204

 
32.0

Research and development
27,241

 
10.1

 
21,415

 
9.2

Litigation settlement awards
(499
)
 
(0.2
)
 
—

 
—

Total operating expenses
116,619

 
43.3

 
95,619

 
41.3

Operating income
69,010

 
25.6

 
56,023

 
24.2

Non-operating income
3,346

 
1.2

 
3,886

 
1.7

Income before provision for income taxes
72,356

 
26.8

 
59,909

 
25.9

Provision for income taxes
7,900

 
2.9

 
10,587

 
4.6

Net income
$
64,456

 
23.9
 %
 
$
49,322

 
21.3
%


33

Comparison of the Three Months ended March 28, 2020 to the Three Months ended March 30, 2019
Revenue. Total revenue increased $38.0 million, or 16.4%, to $269.6 million for the three months ended March 28, 2020 from $231.7 million for the three months ended March 30, 2019. The following table details our total product revenues by the geographic area to which the products were shipped for each of the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30,
2019
 
Increase/
(Decrease)
 
Percentage
Change
United States (U.S.)
$
189,519

 
70.3
%
 
$
156,668

 
68.0
%
 
$
32,851

 
21.0
 %
Europe, Middle East and Africa
54,357

 
20.2

 
48,472

 
21.0

 
5,885

 
12.1

Asia and Australia
19,312

 
7.2

 
18,118

 
7.9

 
1,194

 
6.6

North and South America (excluding the U.S.)
6,437

 
2.3

 
7,290

 
3.1

 
(853
)
 
(11.7
)
     Total product revenue
$
269,625

 
100.0
%
 
$
230,548

 
100.0
%
 
$
39,077

 
16.9
 %
Royalty and other revenue
—

 
 
 
1,116

 
 
 
(1,116
)
 
(100.0
)
     Total revenue
$
269,625

 
 
 
$
231,664

 
 
 
$
37,961

 
16.4
 %
Product revenues increased $39.1 million, or 16.9%, to $269.6 million for the three months ended March 28, 2020, compared to $230.5 million for the three months ended March 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to higher revenue from consumables and parameters, a portion of which we believe is related to increased demand for our products due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Partially offsetting these increases was the impact of approximately $1.3 million of unfavorable foreign exchange rate movements from the prior year period that decreased the U.S. Dollar translation of foreign sales that were denominated in various foreign currencies. During the three months ended March 28, 2020, we shipped approximately 72,100 noninvasive technology boards and monitors, an increase of 8,400 units, or 13.2%, from 63,700 units shipped during the three months ended March 30, 2019.
Product revenue generated through our direct and distribution sales channels increased $33.8 million, or 16.7%, to $236.3 million for the three months ended March 28, 2020, compared to $202.4 million for the three months ended March 30, 2019. Revenues from our OEM channel increased $5.2 million, or 18.6%, to $33.3 million for the three months ended March 28, 2020 as compared to $28.1 million for the three months ended March 30, 2019.
Gross Profit. Gross profit consists of total revenue less cost of goods sold. Our gross profit for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 was as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 28,
2020
 
Gross Profit
Percentage
 
March 30,
2019
 
Gross Profit
Percentage
 
Increase/
(Decrease)
 
Percentage
Change
Product gross profit
$
185,629

 
68.8
%
 
$
150,593

 
65.3
%
 
$
35,036

 
23.3
 %
Royalty and other revenue gross profit
—

 
—

 
1,049

 
94.0

 
(1,049
)
 
(100.0
)
     Total gross profit
$
185,629

 
68.8
%
 
$
151,642

 
65.5
%
 
$
33,987

 
22.4
 %
Cost of goods sold includes labor, material, overhead and other similar costs related to the production, supply, distribution and support of our products. Cost of goods sold increased $4.0 million for the three months ended March 28, 2020, compared to the three months ended March 30, 2019, primarily due to higher product sales volume, which was partially offset by lower costs of materials, and increased leverage of our fixed production costs.
Product gross margins increased to 68.8% for the three months ended March 28, 2020, compared to 65.3% for the three months ended March 30, 2019, primarily due to favorable customer and product mix, as well as manufacturing cost improvements.

34

Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for sales, marketing and administrative personnel, sales commissions, advertising and promotion costs, professional fees related to legal, accounting and other outside services, public company costs and other corporate expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Selling, General and Administrative
Three Months Ended 
 March 28, 2020
Percentage of
Net Revenues
Three Months Ended 
 March 30, 2019
Percentage of
Net Revenues
Increase/
(Decrease)
Percentage
Change
$89,877
33.3%
$74,204
32.0%
$15,673
21.1%
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $15.7 million, or 21.1%, for the three months ended March 28, 2020, compared to the three months ended March 30, 2019. This increase was primarily attributable to higher compensation and employee-related costs of approximately $9.2 million, higher legal and professional fees of approximately $3.0 million, higher charitable contribution of approximately $2.0 million and higher acquisition and strategic investment related costs of approximately $0.8 million. Approximately $8.7 million and $5.7 million of stock-based compensation expense was included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for engineers and other personnel engaged in the design and development of our products. These expenses also include third-party fees paid to consultants, prototype and engineering supply expenses and the costs of clinical trials. Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
Research and Development
Three Months Ended 
 March 28, 2020
Percentage of
Net Revenues
Three Months Ended 
 March 30, 2019
Percentage of
Net Revenues
Increase/
(Decrease)
Percentage
Change
$27,241
10.1%
$21,415
9.2%
$5,826
27.2%
Research and development expenses increased $5.8 million, or 27.2%, for the three months ended March 28, 2020, compared to the three months ended March 30, 2019, primarily due to higher compensation and other employee-related costs of approximately $4.8 million and higher professional fees of approximately $0.5 million. Approximately $2.4 million and $1.5 million of stock-based compensation expense was included in research and development expenses for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, respectively.
Non-operating Income. Non-operating income consists primarily of interest income, interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses. Non-operating income for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 was as follows (dollars in thousands):
Non-operating Income
Three Months Ended 
 March 28, 2020
Percentage of
Net Revenues
Three Months Ended 
 March 30, 2019
Percentage of
Net Revenues
Increase/
(Decrease)
Percentage
Change
$3,346
1.2%
$3,886
1.7%
$(540)
(13.9)%
Non-operating income decreased by $0.5 million for the three months ended March 28, 2020, compared to the three months ended March 30, 2019. Non-operating income for the three months ended March 28, 2020 consisted primarily of approximately $2.8 million in net interest income and approximately $0.6 million of net realized and unrealized gains on foreign currency denominated transactions. Non-operating income for the three months ended March 30, 2019 consisted primarily of approximately $3.4 million of net interest income and approximately $0.5 million of net realized and unrealized gains on foreign currency denominated transactions.
Provision for Income Taxes. Our provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 was as follows (dollars in thousands):
Provision for Income Taxes
Three Months Ended 
 March 28, 2020
Percentage of
Net Revenues
Three Months Ended 
 March 30, 2019
Percentage of
Net Revenues
Increase/
(Decrease)
Percentage
Change
$7,900
2.9%
$10,587
4.6%
$(2,687)
(25.4)%

35

For the three months ended March 28, 2020, we recorded a provision for income taxes of approximately $7.9 million, or an effective tax provision rate of 10.9%, as compared to a provision for income taxes of approximately $10.6 million, or an effective tax provision rate of 17.7%, for the three months ended March 30, 2019. The decrease in our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 28, 2020 resulted primarily from an increase in the amount of excess tax benefits realized from stock-based compensation of approximately $6.2 million compared to the three months ended March 30, 2019.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity consist of our existing cash and cash equivalent balances, short-term investments, future funds expected to be generated from operations and available borrowing capacity under our credit facility. As of March 28, 2020, we had approximately $822.9 million in working capital, approximately $605.9 million in cash and cash equivalents, approximately $50.0 million in short-term investments and approximately $148.3 million of available borrowing capacity (net of outstanding letters of credit) under our credit facility. We carry short-term investments at cost, which approximates fair value. 
As of March 28, 2020, we had cash totaling $94.9 million held outside of the U.S., of which approximately $61.4 million was accessible without additional tax cost and approximately $33.5 million was accessible at an incremental estimated tax cost of up to $0.2 million. We currently have sufficient funds on-hand and available without additional tax cost to fund our global operations. In the event funds that are treated as permanently reinvested are repatriated, we may be required to accrue and pay additional U.S. taxes to repatriate these funds.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flows (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30,
2019
Net cash provided by (used in):
 
 
 
Operating activities
$
42,355

 
$
42,468

Investing activities
(15,389
)
 
(188,003
)
Financing activities
11,249

 
6,165

Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash
2

 
(261
)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
$
38,217

 
$
(139,631
)
Operating Activities. Cash provided by operating activities was approximately $42.4 million for the three months ended March 28, 2020, generated primarily from net income from operations of $64.5 million. Non-cash activity included stock-based compensation of $11.3 million and depreciation and amortization of $6.4 million. Additional sources of cash included a decrease in other current assets of approximately $5.5 million, primarily related to prepaid income taxes. These sources of cash were partially offset by other changes in operating assets and liabilities, including a decrease in accrued compensation, accounts payable and income taxes payable of approximately $17.7 million, $8.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively, primarily due to the timing of payments, and an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $17.1 million, primarily due to the timing of cash receipts.
For the three months ended March 30, 2019, cash provided by operating activities was approximately $42.5 million, generated primarily from net income from operations of $49.3 million. Non-cash activity included stock-based compensation of $7.3 million, and depreciation and amortization of $5.4 million. Additional sources of cash included a decrease in deferred costs and other contract assets of approximately $7.1 million and an increase in income taxes payable of approximately $5.6 million. These sources of cash were partially offset by other changes in operating assets and liabilities, including an increase in accounts receivable of approximately $8.5 million, primarily due to the timing of cash receipts, and decreases in accrued compensation and accounts payable of approximately $19.4 million and $6.1 million, respectively, primarily due to the timing of payments.
Investing Activities. Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 28, 2020 was approximately $15.4 million, consisting primarily of approximately $47.3 million for a business combination, $37.0 million for purchases of property and equipment and $1.1 million of capitalized intangible asset costs related primarily to patent and trademark costs, which were partially offset by cash provided by net maturities of short-term investments of approximately $70.0 million.

36

For the three months ended March 30, 2019, cash used in investing activities was approximately $188.0 million, consisting of approximately $180.0 million for purchases of short-term investments, $7.0 million for purchases of property and equipment and $1.0 million of capitalized intangible asset costs related primarily to patent and trademark costs.
Financing Activities. Cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 28, 2020 was approximately $11.2 million, consisting primarily of proceeds from the issuance of common stock related to employee equity awards of approximately $13.0 million, which was partially offset by the withholding of shares for employee payroll taxes for vested equity awards of approximately $1.4 million and repurchases of our common stock of approximately $0.4 million. For the three months ended March 30, 2019, cash used in financing activities was approximately $6.2 million, driven primarily by settlement proceeds from the issuance of common stock related to employee equity awards of approximately $6.3 million.
Capital Resources and Prospective Capital Requirements
We expect to fund our future operating, investing and financing activities through our available cash and short-term investments, future cash from operations, our credit facility and other potential sources of capital. In addition to funding our working capital requirements, we anticipate additional capital expenditures during fiscal year 2020, primarily related to investments in infrastructure growth. Possible additional uses of cash may include acquisitions of and/or strategic investments in technologies or technology companies, investments in property and equipment and repurchases of common stock under our authorized stock repurchase program. However, any repurchases of common stock will be subject to numerous factors, including the availability of our stock, general market conditions, the trading price of our stock, available capital, alternative uses for capital and our financial performance. In addition, the amount and timing of our actual investing activities will vary significantly depending on numerous factors, including the timing and amount of capital expenditures, costs of product development efforts, our timetable for infrastructure expansion, stock repurchase activity and costs related to our domestic and international regulatory requirements. Despite these investment requirements, we anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents and amounts available under our credit facility will be sufficient to meet our working capital requirements, capital expenditures and other operational funding needs for at least the next 12 months.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not currently have, nor have we ever had, any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or for other contractually narrow or limited purposes. In addition, we do not engage in trading activities involving non-exchange traded contracts. As a result, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we engaged in these relationships. As of March 28, 2020, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of net revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities. We regularly evaluate our estimates and assumptions related to our critical accounting policies, including revenue recognition, inventory valuation, lessee right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities, the fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities connected with business combinations, stock-based compensation, deferred taxes and related valuation allowances, uncertain tax positions, tax contingencies, litigation costs and loss contingencies.
We base our estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of revenue, costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Changes in judgments and uncertainties relating to these estimates could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. If these estimates differ significantly from actual results, the impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements and future results of operations may be material.

37

As a result of certain strategic investment activity during the three months ended March 28, 2020, we are updating our list of the most significant accounting policies for purposes of fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results to include “Business Combinations” as follows:
Business Combinations
We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that once control is obtained, all the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their respective fair values at the date of acquisition. The determination of fair values of identifiable assets and liabilities requires estimates and the use of valuation techniques when market value is not readily available. For intangible assets acquired in a business combination, we typically use the income method. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, the amount and timing of future cash flows, growth rates, discount rates and useful lives. The excess of the purchase price over fair values of identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill.
Other Critical Accounting Policies
There have been no material changes to any of our other critical accounting policies during the three months ended March 28, 2020. For a description of these critical accounting policies, please refer to “Critical Accounting Estimates” in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2019, which was filed with the SEC on February 19, 2020.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of recently issued or adopted accounting standards.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to various market risks that may arise from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign exchange fluctuations and inflation. We do not enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates to the increase or decrease in the amount of interest income we can earn on our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, as well as the increase or decrease in the amount of interest expense we must pay with respect to any outstanding debt instruments. We do not believe our cash, cash equivalents and short term investments are subject to significant interest rate risk due to the short term periods such amounts are invested. As of March 28, 2020, the carrying value of our cash equivalents and short-term investments approximated fair value. We currently do not have any significant risks associated with interest rates fluctuations related to interest expense. Under our current policies, we do not use interest rate derivative instruments to manage exposure to interest rate changes. Therefore, declines in interest rates over time will reduce our interest income while increases in interest rates will increase our interest income. A hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates along the entire interest rate yield curve would increase or decrease our interest rate yields on our investments and interest income by approximately $0.1 million for each $10.0 million in interest-bearing investments.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
A majority of our assets and liabilities are maintained in the United States in U.S. Dollars and a majority of our sales and expenditures are transacted in U.S. Dollars. However, we also transact with foreign customers in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. These foreign currency revenues, when converted into U.S. Dollars, can vary depending on average exchange rates during a respective period. In addition, certain of our foreign subsidiaries transact in their respective country’s local currency, which is also their functional currency. As a result, expenses of these foreign subsidiaries, when converted into U.S. Dollars can also vary depending on average monthly exchange rates during a respective period.
We are exposed to foreign currency gains or losses on outstanding foreign currency denominated receivables and payables, as well as our foreign currency denominated cash balances and certain intercompany transactions. In addition, other transactions between us or our subsidiaries and a third-party, denominated in a currency different from the functional currency, are foreign currency transactions. Realized and unrealized foreign currency gains or losses on these transactions are also included in our statements of operations as incurred.

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The balance sheets of each of our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar are translated into U.S. Dollars at the rate of exchange at the balance sheet date and the statements of comprehensive income and cash flows are translated into U.S. Dollars using an approximation of the average monthly exchange rates applicable during the period. Any foreign exchange gain or loss as a result of translating the balance sheets of our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar is included in equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
Our primary foreign currency exchange rate exposures are with the Australian Dollar, the British Pound, Canadian Dollar, Euro, Japanese Yen, South Korean Won, Mexican Peso and Swedish Krona. Foreign currency exchange rates may experience significant volatility from one period to the next. Specifically, during the three months ended March 28, 2020, we estimate fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and other foreign currencies, including the Australian Dollar, Euro, and the South Korean Won, adversely impacted our revenues by $1.3 million. We currently do not enter into forward exchange contracts to hedge exposures denominated in foreign currencies and do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The effect of additional changes in foreign currency exchange rates could have a material effect on our future operating results or cash flows, depending on which foreign currency exchange rates change and depending on the directional change (either a strengthening or weakening against the U.S. Dollar). We estimate that the potential impact of a hypothetical 10% adverse change in all applicable foreign currency exchange rates from the rates in effect as of March 28, 2020 would have resulted in an estimated reduction of $6.6 million in reported pre-tax income for the three months ended March 28, 2020. As our foreign operations continue to grow, our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk may become more significant.
Inflation Risk
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations during the periods presented. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) regulations, rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. As required by Rule 13a-15(b) or Rule 15d-15(b) promulgated by the SEC under the Exchange Act, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on the foregoing, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
During the quarter ended March 28, 2020, we implemented the initial phase of our new enterprise resource planning software system for certain subsidiaries. In connection with this software implementation, we modified several related internal controls over financial reporting to maintain the desired control objectives. There were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information set forth in Note 21 to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements under the caption “Litigation” included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following risk factors and other information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be carefully considered. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we presently deem less significant may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks come to fruition, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects would likely be materially and adversely affected. In these circumstances, the market price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Risk factors marked with an asterisk (*) below include a substantive change from or an update to the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 19, 2020.
Risks Related to Our Revenues
We currently derive the majority of our revenue from our Masimo SET® platform, Masimo rainbow SET® platform and related products. If these technologies and related products do not continue to achieve market acceptance, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
We are highly dependent upon the continued success and market acceptance of our proprietary Masimo SET® and Masimo rainbow SET® technologies that serve as the basis of our primary product offerings. Continued market acceptance of products incorporating these technologies will depend upon us continuing to provide evidence to the medical community that our products are cost-effective and offer significantly improved performance compared to conventional pulse oximeters. Healthcare providers that currently have significant investments in competitive pulse oximetry products may be reluctant to purchase our products. If hospitals and other healthcare providers do not believe our Masimo SET® and Masimo rainbow SET® platforms are cost-effective, safe or more accurate or reliable than competitive pulse oximetry products, they may not buy our products in sufficient quantities to enable us to generate revenue growth from the sale of these products. In addition, allegations regarding the safety and effectiveness of our products, whether or not substantiated, may impair or impede the acceptance of our products.
Some of our products are in development or have been recently introduced into the market and may not achieve market acceptance, which could limit our growth and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Many of our noninvasive measurement technologies are considered disruptive. These technologies have performance levels that we believe are acceptable for many clinical environments but may be insufficient in others. In addition, these technologies may perform better in some patients and settings than others. Over time, we hope to continue to improve the performance of these technologies and educate the clinical community on how to properly evaluate them. If we are successful in these endeavors, we expect these technologies will become more useful in more environments and will become more widely adopted. Our product portfolio continues to expand, and we are investing significant resources to enter into, and in some cases create, new markets for these products. We are continuing to invest in sales and marketing resources to achieve market acceptance of these products, but are unable to guarantee that our technologies will achieve general market acceptance.
The degree of market acceptance of these products will depend on a number of factors, including:
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perceived clinical benefits from our products;
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perceived cost effectiveness of our products;
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perceived safety and effectiveness of our products;
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reimbursement available through government and private healthcare programs for using some of our products; and
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introduction and acceptance of competing products or technologies.
If our products do not gain market acceptance or if our customers prefer our competitors’ products, our potential revenue growth would be limited, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our ability to commercialize new products, new or improved technologies and additional applications for Masimo SET® and our licensed rainbow® technology is limited to certain markets by our Cross-Licensing Agreement with Cercacor Laboratories, Inc. (Cercacor), which may impair our growth and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Since 1998, we have been a party to a cross-licensing agreement with Cercacor, (as amended, the Cross-Licensing Agreement), under which we granted Cercacor:
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an exclusive, perpetual and worldwide license, with sublicense rights, to use all Masimo SET® technology owned by us, including all improvements to this technology, for the monitoring of non-vital signs parameters and to develop and sell devices incorporating Masimo SET® for monitoring non-vital signs parameters in any product market in which a product is intended to be used by a patient or pharmacist rather than by a professional medical caregiver, which we refer to as the Cercacor Market; and
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a non-exclusive, perpetual and worldwide license, with sublicense rights, to use all Masimo SET® technology owned by us for measurement of vital signs in the Cercacor Market.
Non-vital signs measurements consist of body fluid constituents other than vital signs measurements, including, but not limited to, carbon monoxide, methemoglobin, blood glucose, hemoglobin and bilirubin. Under the Cross-Licensing Agreement, we are only permitted to sell devices utilizing Masimo SET® for the monitoring of non-vital signs parameters in markets where the product is intended to be used by a professional medical caregiver, including, but not limited to, hospital caregivers and alternate care facility caregivers, rather than by a patient or pharmacist, which we refer to as the Masimo Market. Accordingly, our ability to commercialize new products, new or improved technologies and additional applications for Masimo SET® is limited. In particular, our inability to expand beyond the Masimo Market may limit our ability to maintain or increase our revenue and impair our growth.
Pursuant to the Cross-Licensing Agreement, we have licensed from Cercacor the right to make and distribute products in the Masimo Market that utilize rainbow® technology for certain noninvasive measurements. As a result, the opportunity to expand the market for our products incorporating rainbow® technology is also limited, which could limit our ability to maintain or increase our revenue and impair our growth.
We face competition from other companies, many of which have substantially greater resources than we do. If we do not successfully develop and commercialize enhanced or new products that remain competitive with products or alternative technologies developed by others, we could lose revenue opportunities and customers, and our ability to grow our business would be impaired, adversely affecting our financial condition and results of operations.
The medical device industry is intensely competitive and is significantly affected by new product introductions and other market activities of industry participants. A number of our competitors have substantially greater capital resources, larger product portfolios, larger customer bases, larger sales forces and greater geographic presence, have established stronger reputations with specific customers, and have built relationships with Group Purchasing Organizations and other hospital purchasing groups (collectively, GPOs) that may be more effective than ours. Our Masimo SET® platform faces additional competition from companies developing products for use with third-party monitoring systems, as well as from companies that currently market their own pulse oximetry monitors. In addition, competitors with larger product portfolios than ours are engaging in bundling practices, whereby they offer increased discounts to hospitals that purchase their requirements for a variety of different products from the competitor, including products that we do not offer, effectively pricing their competing products at a loss.
Continuing technological advances and new product introductions within the medical device industry place our products at risk of obsolescence. Our long-term success depends upon the development and successful commercialization of new products, new or improved technologies and additional applications for our existing technologies. The research and development process is time-consuming and costly and may not result in products or applications that we can successfully commercialize. In particular, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our products for applications other than arterial blood oxygen saturation and pulse rate monitoring, such as for respiration rate, hemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin monitoring.
If we do not successfully adapt our products and applications both within and outside these measurements, we could lose revenue opportunities and customers. Furthermore, one or more of our competitors may develop products that are substantially equivalent to those of our products that are cleared or approved for use, or those of our original equipment manufacturer (OEM) partners, in which case a competitor of ours may use our products or those of our OEM partners as predicate devices to more quickly obtain regulatory clearance or approval of their competing products. Competition could result in pressure from our customers to reduce the price of our products and place fewer orders for our products, which could, in turn, cause a reduction in our revenues and product gross margins, thereby adversely impacting our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Some of the world’s largest technology companies that have not historically operated in the healthcare or medical device space, such as Alphabet, Apple, Samsung and others, have developed or may develop products and technologies that may compete with our current or future products and technologies. These companies have substantially greater capital, research and development, and sales resources than we have. If we are unable to successfully compete against them, our financial performance could decline.
We depend on our domestic and international OEM partners for a portion of our revenue. If they do not devote sufficient resources to the promotion of products that use our technologies, our business would be harmed.
We are, and will continue to be, dependent upon our domestic and international OEM partners for a portion of our revenue through their marketing, selling and distribution of certain of their products that incorporate our technologies. Although we expect that our OEM partners will accept and actively market, sell and distribute products that incorporate our technologies, they may not do so. Because products that incorporate our technologies may represent a relatively small percentage of business for some of our OEM partners, they may have less incentive to promote these products over other products that do not incorporate these technologies.
In addition, some of our OEM partners offer products that compete with ours and also may be involved in intellectual property disputes with us. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that our OEM partners, or any company that may acquire any of our OEM partners, will vigorously promote products incorporating our technologies. The failure of our OEM partners to successfully market, sell or distribute products incorporating our technologies, the termination of OEM agreements, the loss of OEM partners or the inability to enter into future OEM partnership agreements would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we fail to maintain or develop relationships with GPOs, sales of our products would decline.
Our ability to sell our products to hospitals depends, in part, on our relationships with GPOs. Many existing and potential customers for our products are members of GPOs. GPOs negotiate pricing arrangements and contracts with medical supply manufacturers and distributors that may include provisions for sole sourcing and bundling, which generally reduce the choices available to the hospitals.
These negotiated prices are made available to a GPO’s members. If we are not one of the providers selected by a GPO, the GPO’s members may be less likely or unlikely to purchase our products. If a GPO has negotiated a strict sole source, market share compliance or bundling contract for another manufacturer’s products, we may be prohibited from making sales to members of such GPO for the duration of such contractual arrangement. Shipments of our pulse oximetry products to customers that are members of GPOs represent approximately 80% of our U.S. product sales. Our failure to renew our contracts with GPOs may cause us to lose market share and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if we are unable to develop new relationships with GPOs, our competitive position would likely suffer and our opportunities to grow our revenues and business would be harmed.
Inadequate levels of coverage or reimbursement from governmental or other third-party payers for our products, or for procedures using our products, may cause our revenue to decline or prevent us from realizing revenues from future products.
Sales of our products depend in part on the reimbursement and coverage policies of governmental and private healthcare payers. The lack of adequate coverage and reimbursement for our products or the procedures in which our products are used may deter customers from purchasing our products.
We cannot guarantee that governmental or third-party payers will reimburse or begin reimbursing a customer for the cost of our products or the procedures in which our products are used. For example, some insurance carriers have issued policies denying coverage for transcutaneous hemoglobin measurement on the grounds that the technology is investigational in the outpatient setting. Other payers are continuing to investigate our products to determine if they will provide reimbursement for the use of such products. These trends could lead to pressure to reduce prices for our current and future products, hinder our ability to obtain market adoption, cause a decrease in the size of the market or potentially increase competition, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We do not control payer decision-making with respect to coverage and payment levels for our products. Additionally, we expect many payers to continue to explore cost-containment strategies (e.g., comparative and cost-effectiveness analyses, so-called “pay-for-performance” programs implemented by various public government healthcare programs and private third-party payers, and expansion of payment bundling initiatives, and other such methods that shift medical cost risk to providers) that may potentially impact coverage and/or payment levels for our current products or products we develop in the future.

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Outside of the U.S., reimbursement systems vary by country. These systems are often subject to the same pressures to curb rising healthcare costs and control healthcare expenditures as those in the U.S. In addition, as economies of emerging markets develop, these countries may implement changes in their healthcare delivery and payment systems. If adequate levels of reimbursement from third-party payers outside of the U.S. are not obtained, sales of our products outside of the U.S. may be adversely affected.
Consolidation in the healthcare industry could lead to demands for price concessions or to the exclusion of existing market participants from certain markets, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Because healthcare costs have risen significantly over the past decade, numerous initiatives and reforms initiated by legislators, regulators and third-party payers to curb these costs have resulted in a consolidation trend in the healthcare industry to aggregate purchasing power. As the healthcare industry consolidates, competition to provide products and services to industry participants has become and will continue to become more intense. This has resulted in, and will likely continue to result in, greater pricing pressures and the exclusion of certain existing market participants from important market segments as GPOs, independent delivery networks and large single accounts continue to use their market power to consolidate purchasing decisions for hospitals.
We expect that market demand, government regulation, third-party coverage and reimbursement policies and societal pressures will continue to impact the worldwide healthcare industry, resulting in further business consolidations and alliances among our customers, which may reduce competition, exert further downward pressure on the prices of our products and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
*Our customers may reduce, delay or cancel purchases due to a variety of factors, such as lower hospital census levels or third-party guidelines, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our customers are facing growing levels of uncertainties, including variations in overall hospital census for paying patients and the impact of such census variations on hospital budgets. As a result, many hospitals are reevaluating their entire cost structure, including the amount of capital they allocate to medical device technologies and products. In addition, certain of our products, including our rainbow® measurements such as carbon monoxide, methemoglobin and hemoglobin, that are sold with upfront license fees and more complex and expensive sensors, could also be impacted by hospital budget reductions. Any reductions in capital spending budgets by hospitals could have a significant negative impact on our OEM customers who, due to their traditionally larger capital equipment sales model, could see declines in purchases from their hospital customers. This, in turn, could reduce our board sales to our OEM customers.
From time to time, states and other local regulatory authorities may issue guidelines regarding the appropriate scope and use of our products. For example, some of our noninvasive monitoring devices may be subject to authorization by individual states as part of the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) scope of practice procedures. A lack of inclusion into scope of practice procedures may limit adoption of our products.
Additionally, increases in demand resulting from global medical crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic may be short lived. If the increased demand results in a stockpiling of our products by, or excess inventory at, our customers, future orders may be delayed or canceled until such on-hand inventory is consumed.
The loss of any large customer or distributor, or any cancellation or delay of a significant purchase by a large customer, could reduce our net sales and harm our operating results.
We have a concentration of OEM, distribution and direct customers. For example, sales to two just-in-time distributors each represented more than 10% of our product sales for the three months ended March 28, 2020. We cannot provide any assurance that we will retain our current customers, groups of customers or distributors, or that we will be able to attract and retain additional customers in the future. If for any reason we were to lose our ability to sell to a specific group or class of customers, or through a distributor, we could experience a significant reduction in revenue, which would adversely impact our operating results.
Our sales could also be negatively affected by any rebates, discounts or fees that are required by, or offered to, GPOs and customers, including wholesalers or distributors. Additionally, some of our just-in-time distributors have been demanding higher fees, which we may be forced to pay in order to continue to offer products to our customers or which may force us to distribute our products directly to our customers. The loss of any large customer or distributor, or an increase in distributor fees, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our royalty and other revenue has historically consisted primarily of royalties received from Medtronic plc (Medtronic) related to its U.S. sales, and more recently, revenue from non-recurring engineering (NRE) services for a certain OEM customer. However, Medtronic is no longer required to pay us royalties and we have completed the majority of our contracted NRE services. We have not replaced this royalty and NRE services revenue with similar revenues, and such loss of revenue had an adverse effect on our results of operations for the three months ended March 28, 2020.
Counterfeit Masimo sensors and third-party medical device reprocessors that reprocess our single-patient-use sensors may harm our reputation. Also, these counterfeit and third-party reprocessed sensors, as well as genuine Masimo reprocessed sensors, are sold at lower prices than new Masimo sensors and could cause our revenue to decline, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We believe that other entities are manufacturing and selling counterfeit Masimo sensors. In addition, certain medical device reprocessors have been collecting our used single-patient-use sensors from hospitals and then reprocessing, repackaging and reselling those sensors to hospitals. These counterfeit and third-party reprocessed sensors are sold at lower prices than new Masimo sensors. Our experience with both these counterfeit sensors and third-party reprocessed sensors is that they provide inferior performance, increased sensor consumption, reduced comfort and a number of monitoring problems. Notwithstanding these limitations, some of our customers have indicated a willingness to purchase some of their sensor requirements from these counterfeit manufacturers and third-party reprocessors in an effort to reduce their sensor costs.
These counterfeit and reprocessed sensors have led and may continue to lead to confusion with our genuine Masimo products, have reduced and may continue to reduce our revenue, and, in some cases, have harmed and may continue to harm our reputation if customers conclude incorrectly that these counterfeit or reprocessed sensors are original Masimo sensors.
In addition, we have expended a significant amount of time and expense investigating issues caused by counterfeit and reprocessed sensors, troubleshooting problems stemming from such sensors, educating customers about why counterfeit and reprocessed sensors do not perform to their expectations, enforcing our proprietary rights against the counterfeit manufacturers and reprocessors, and enforcing our contractual rights under our contracts.
In response to these counterfeit sensors and third-party reprocessors, we have incorporated X-Cal® technology into certain products to ensure our customers get the performance they expect by using genuine Masimo sensors and that such sensors do not continue to be used beyond their useful life. However, some customers may object to the X-Cal® technology, potentially resulting in the loss of customers and revenues.
We also offer our own Masimo reprocessed sensors, which meet the same performance specifications as our new Masimo sensors, to our customers. Reprocessed sensors sold by us are also offered at a lower price and, therefore, may reduce certain customer demand for our new sensors. As a result, increased sales of our own Masimo reprocessed sensors may result in lower revenues, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property
If the patents we own or license, or our other intellectual property rights, do not adequately protect our technologies, we may lose market share to our competitors and be unable to operate our business profitably.
Our success depends significantly on our ability to protect our rights to the technologies used in our products. Our utilization of patent protection, trade secrets and a combination of copyright and trademark laws, as well as nondisclosure, confidentiality and other contractual arrangements, to protect our intellectual property afford us only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or maintain any competitive advantage.
Certain of our patents related to our technologies have begun to expire. Upon the expiration of our issued or licensed patents, we generally lose some of our rights to exclude competitors from making, using, selling or importing products using the technology based on the expired patents. Furthermore, in recent years, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled on several patent cases and several laws have been enacted that, in certain situations, potentially narrow the scope of patent protection available and weaken the rights of patent owners. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in securing additional patents on commercially desirable improvements, that such additional patents will adequately protect our innovations or offset the effect of expiring patents, or that competitors will not be able to design around our patents.
In addition, third parties may challenge our issued patents through procedures such as Inter-Partes Review (IPR). In many IPR challenges, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) cancels or significantly narrows issued patent claims. IPR challenges could increase the uncertainties and costs associated with the maintenance, enforcement and defense of our issued and future patents and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We also utilize unpatented proprietary technology and know-how and often rely on confidentiality agreements and intellectual property assignment agreements with our employees, OEM partners, independent distributors and consultants to protect such unpatented proprietary technology and know-how. However, such agreements may not be enforceable or may not provide meaningful protection for our proprietary information in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure or other breaches of the agreements, or in the event that our competitors discover or independently develop similar or identical designs or other proprietary information.
We rely on the use of registered and common law trademarks with respect to the brand names of some of our products. Common law trademarks provide less protection than registered trademarks. Loss of rights in our trademarks could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The laws of foreign countries may not adequately protect our intellectual property rights.
Intellectual property protection laws in foreign countries differ substantially from those in the U.S. If we fail to apply for intellectual property protection in foreign countries, or if we cannot adequately protect our intellectual property rights in these foreign countries, our competitors may be able to compete more effectively against us, which could adversely affect our competitive position, as well as our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If third parties claim that we infringe their intellectual property rights, we may incur liabilities and costs and may have to redesign or discontinue selling certain products.
Searching for existing intellectual property rights may not reveal important intellectual property and our competitors may also have filed for patent protection, which may not be publicly-available information, or claimed trademark rights that have not been revealed through our searches. In addition, some of our employees were previously employed at other medical device companies. We may be subject to claims that our employees have disclosed, or that we have used, trade secrets or other proprietary information of our employees’ former employers. Our efforts to identify and avoid infringing on third parties’ intellectual property rights may not always be successful. Any claims of patent or other intellectual property infringement against us, even those without merit, could:
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be expensive and time-consuming to defend and result in payment of significant damages to third parties;
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force us to stop making or selling products that incorporate the intellectual property;
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require us to redesign, reengineer or rebrand our products, product candidates and technologies;
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require us to enter into royalty agreements that would increase the costs of our products;
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require us to indemnify third parties pursuant to contracts in which we have agreed to provide indemnification for intellectual property infringement claims;
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divert the attention of our management and other key employees; and
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result in our customers or potential customers deferring or limiting their purchase or use of the affected products impacted by the claims until the claims are resolved;
any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, new patents obtained by our competitors could threaten the continued commercialization of our products in the market even after they have already been introduced.
We believe competitors may currently be violating and may in the future violate our intellectual property rights. As a result, we may initiate litigation to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights, which may result in substantial expense and may divert management’s attention from implementing our business strategy.
We believe that the success of our business depends, in part, on obtaining patent protection for our products and technologies, defending our patents and preserving our trade secrets. We were previously involved in significant litigation to protect our patent positions related to some of our pulse oximetry signal processing patents that resulted in various settlements. We believe some of the new market entrants in the healthcare and monitoring space, including some of the world’s largest technology companies, may be infringing our intellectual property, and we may be required to engage in additional litigation to protect our intellectual property in the future. In addition, we believe that certain individuals who previously held high level technical and clinical positions with us misappropriated our intellectual property for the benefit of themselves and other companies. For example, on January 9, 2020, we initiated litigation against Apple Inc. for infringement of a number of patents, for trade secret misappropriation and for ownership and correction of inventorship of a number of Apple Inc. patents that list one of our former employees as an inventor. Our ongoing and future litigation could result in significant additional costs and further divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations and the implementation of our business strategy and may not be successful or adequate to protect our intellectual property rights.

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Risks Related to Our Regulatory Environment
*Our failure to obtain and maintain FDA clearances or approvals on a timely basis, or at all, would prevent us from commercializing our current or upgraded products in the U.S., which could severely harm our business.
Unless an exemption applies, each medical device that we market in the U.S. must first undergo premarket review pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) by receiving clearance of a 510(k) premarket notification, receiving clearance through the de novo review process, or obtaining approval of a premarket approval (PMA) application. Even if regulatory clearance or approval of a product is granted, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may clear or approve our products only for limited indications for use. Additionally, the FDA may not grant 510(k) clearance on a timely basis, if at all, for new products or uses that we propose for Masimo SET® or licensed rainbow® technology.
The traditional FDA 510(k) clearance process for our products has generally taken between four to nine months. However, our more recent experience and interactions with the FDA, along with information we have received from other medical device manufacturers, suggests that, in some cases, the FDA is requiring applicants to provide additional or different information and data for 510(k) clearance than it had previously required, and that the FDA may not rely on approaches that it had previously accepted to support 510(k) clearance. As a result, FDA 510(k) clearance can be delayed for our products in some cases.
To support our product applications to the FDA, we frequently are required to conduct clinical testing of our products. Such clinical testing must be conducted in compliance with FDA requirements pertaining to human research. Among other requirements, we must obtain informed consent from study subjects and approval by institutional review boards before such studies may begin. We must also comply with other FDA requirements such as monitoring, record-keeping, reporting and the submission of information regarding certain clinical trials to a public database maintained by the National Institutes of Health. In addition, if the study involves a significant risk device, we are required to obtain the FDA’s approval of the study under an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE). Compliance with these requirements can require significant time and resources. In addition, public health emergencies and other extraordinary circumstances may disrupt the conduct of our clinical trials. If the FDA determines that we have not complied with such requirements, the FDA may refuse to consider the data to support our applications or may initiate enforcement actions.
Even though 510(k) clearances have been obtained, if safety or effectiveness problems are identified with our pulse oximeters incorporating Masimo SET® and licensed rainbow® technology, patient monitor devices, sensors, cables and other products, we may need to initiate a recall of such devices. Furthermore, our new products or significantly modified marketed products could be denied 510(k) clearance and be required to undergo the more burdensome PMA or de novo review processes. The process of obtaining a de novo classification or PMA approval is much more costly, lengthy and uncertain than the process for obtaining 510(k) clearance. De novo classification generally takes six months to one year from the time of submission of the de novo request, although it can take longer. Approval of a PMA generally takes one year from the time of submission of the PMA, but may be longer.
We sell consumer versions of our iSpO2® and MightySat® pulse oximeters that are not intended for medical use. Some of our products or product features may also be exempted from the 510(k) process and/or other regulatory requirements in accordance with specific FDA guidance and policies, such as the FDA guidance related to mobile medical applications. In addition, some of our products or product features may not be subject to device regulation pursuant to Section 520(o) of the FDCA, which excludes certain software functions from the statutory definition of a device. If the FDA changes its policy or concludes that our marketing of these products is not in accordance with its current policy and/or Section 520(o) of the FDCA, we may be required to seek clearance or approval of these devices through the 510(k), de novo or PMA processes. In addition, we may market certain products pursuant to enforcement discretion policies the FDA has recently announced to address the need for these products as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such policies only remain in effect during the public health emergency, such that we will need to seek clearance or approval of such products to continue marketing these products at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The failure of our OEM partners to obtain required FDA clearances or approvals for products that incorporate our technologies could have a negative impact on our revenue.
Our OEM partners are required to obtain their own FDA clearances in the U.S. for most products incorporating Masimo technologies. The FDA clearances we have obtained may not make it easier for our OEM partners to obtain clearances of products incorporating these technologies, or the FDA may not grant clearances on a timely basis, if at all, for any future products incorporating Masimo technologies that our OEM partners propose to market.

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If we or our suppliers fail to comply with ongoing regulatory requirements, or if we experience unanticipated problems with our products, these products could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal from the market.
Our products, along with the manufacturing processes, labeling and promotional activities for our products, are subject to continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other regulatory bodies. Among other requirements, we and certain of our suppliers are required to comply with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation (QSR), which governs the methods and documentation of the design, control testing, production, component suppliers control, quality assurance, complaint handling, labeling control, packaging, storage and shipping of our products. The FDA enforces the QSR through announced and unannounced inspections. We are also subject to similar state requirements and licenses.
In addition to the FDA, from time to time we are subject to inspections by the California Food and Drug Branch, international regulatory authorities, and other similar governmental agencies. The standards used by these regulatory authorities are complex and may differ from those used by the FDA.
Failure by us or one of our suppliers to comply with statutes and regulations administered by the FDA and other regulatory bodies or failure to adequately respond to any FDA Form 483 observations, any Food and Drug Branch notices of violation or any similar reports could result in, among other things, any of the following:
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warning letters or untitled letters issued by the FDA;
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fines, civil penalties, in rem forfeiture proceedings, injunctions, consent decrees and criminal prosecution;
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import alerts;
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unanticipated expenditures to address or defend such actions;
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delays in clearing or approving, or refusal to clear or approve, our products;
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withdrawals or suspensions of clearance or approval of our products or those of our third-party suppliers by the FDA or other regulatory bodies;
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product recalls or seizures;
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orders for physician notification or device repair, replacement or refund;
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interruptions of production or inability to export to certain foreign countries; and
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operating restrictions.
If any of these items were to occur, it would harm our reputation and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Failure to obtain regulatory authorizations in foreign jurisdictions may prevent us from marketing our products abroad.
We currently market and intend to continue to market our products internationally. Outside of the U.S., we can generally market a product only if we receive a marketing authorization (and/or meet certain pre-marketing requirements) and, in some cases, pricing approval, from the appropriate regulatory authorities. The regulatory registration/licensing process varies among international jurisdictions and may require additional or different product testing than required to obtain FDA clearance. FDA clearance does not ensure new product registration/licensing by foreign regulatory authorities, and we may be unable to obtain foreign regulatory registration/licensing on a timely basis, if at all.
In addition, clearance by one foreign regulatory authority does not ensure clearance by any other foreign regulatory authority or by the FDA. If we fail to receive necessary approvals to commercialize our products in foreign jurisdictions on a timely basis, or at all, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Furthermore, foreign regulatory requirements may change from time to time, which could adversely affect our ability to market new products, and/or continue to market existing products, internationally.
*Modifications to our marketed devices may require new regulatory clearances or premarket approvals, or may require us to cease marketing or to recall the modified devices until clearances or approvals are obtained.
We have made modifications to our devices in the past and we may make additional modifications in the future. Any modifications to a device, which is cleared or approved by a government agency, such as the FDA, that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness or that could constitute a major change in its intended use would require a new clearance or approval. We may not be able to obtain such clearances or approvals in a timely fashion, or at all. Delays in obtaining future clearances would adversely affect our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in a timely manner, which in turn would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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For device modifications that we conclude do not require a new regulatory clearance or approval, we may be required to recall and to stop marketing the modified devices if the government agency disagrees with our conclusion and requires new clearances or approvals for the modifications. This could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the FDA has issued enforcement policies under which the agency has said it will not require clearance of a new 510(k) for certain modifications to 510(k)-cleared non-invasive vital-sign patient monitoring devices. However, these policies remain in effect only during the COVID-19 pandemic. Manufacturers that make modifications pursuant to these policies will need to stop marketing the modifications at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic unless the manufacturer receives 510(k) clearance for the modifications.
*Regulatory reforms may impact our ability to develop and commercialize our products and technologies.
From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced by governments that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the clearance or approval, manufacture and marketing of medical devices. For example, in August 2017, Congress enacted the FDA Reauthorization Act of 2017 (FDARA). FDARA reauthorized the FDA to collect device user fees, including a new user fee for de novo classification requests, and contained substantive amendments to the device provisions of the FDCA. Among other changes, FDARA required that the FDA update and revise its processes for scheduling inspections of device establishments, communicating about those inspections with manufacturers and providing feedback on the manufacturer’s responses to Form 483s. The statute also required that the FDA study the impact of device servicing, including third-party services, and created a new process for device sponsors to request classification of accessory devices as part of the PMA application for the parent device or to request a separate classification of accessory devices.
In addition, regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the government agency in ways that may significantly affect our business or products. Future regulatory changes could make it more difficult for us to obtain or maintain approval to develop and commercialize our products and technologies. Public health emergencies may also prompt temporary or permanent regulatory reforms that could change the processes governing the clearance or approval, manufacture and marketing of medical devices.
If our products cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, or malfunction in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, we will be subject to medical device reporting regulations, and may need to initiate voluntary corrective actions such as the recall of our products.
Regulatory agencies in many countries require us to report anytime our products cause or contribute to a death or serious injury, or malfunction in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury. For example, under the FDA medical device reporting regulations, we are required to report to the FDA any incident in which a product of ours may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or in which a product of ours malfunctioned and, if the malfunction were to recur, would be likely to cause or contribute to death or serious injury. In addition, all manufacturers placing medical devices on the market in the European Union (EU) are legally required to report any serious or potentially serious incidents involving devices produced or sold by the manufacturer to the relevant authority in those jurisdictions where any such incident occurred.
The FDA and similar foreign regulatory authorities have the authority to require the recall of our commercialized products in the event of material deficiencies or defects in, for example, design, labeling or manufacture. The FDA must find that there is a reasonable probability that the device would cause serious adverse health consequences or death in order to require a recall. The standard for recalling deficient products may be different in foreign jurisdictions. Manufacturers may, under their own initiative, recall a product if any material deficiency in a device is found or they become aware of a safety issue involving a marketed product. A government-mandated or voluntary recall by us or by one of our distributors could occur as a result of component failures, manufacturing errors, design or labeling defects or other deficiencies and issues.
We may initiate certain field actions, such as a correction or removal of our products in the future. Any correction or removal initiated by us to reduce a health risk posed by our device, or to remedy a violation of the FDCA or other regulations caused by the device that may present a risk to health, must be reported to the FDA. If the FDA subsequently determines that a report was required for a correction or removal of our products that we did not believe required a report, we could be subject to enforcement actions.
Any recalls of our products or enforcement actions would divert managerial and financial resources and could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, given our dependence upon patient and physician perceptions, any negative publicity associated with any recalls could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

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Promotion of our products using claims that are off-label, unsubstantiated, false or misleading could subject us to substantial penalties.
Obtaining 510(k) clearance permits us to promote our products for the uses cleared by the FDA. Use of a device outside its cleared or approved indications is known as “off-label” use. Physicians may use our products off-label because the FDA does not restrict or regulate a physician’s choice of treatment within the practice of medicine. While we may request additional cleared indications for our current products, the FDA may deny those requests, require additional expensive clinical data to support any additional indications or impose limitations on the intended use of any cleared product as a condition of clearance. If the FDA determines that our products were promoted for off-label use or that false, misleading or inadequately substantiated promotional claims have been made by us or our OEM partners, it could request that we or our OEM partners modify those promotional materials or take regulatory or enforcement actions, including the issuance of an untitled letter, warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine and criminal penalties. While certain U.S. courts have held that truthful, non-misleading, off-label information is protected under the First Amendment under certain circumstances, the FDA continues to take the position that off-label promotion is subject to enforcement action.
It is also possible that other federal, state or foreign enforcement authorities may take action if they consider our communications, including promotional or training materials, to constitute promotion of an uncleared or unapproved use. If not successfully defended, enforcement actions related to off-label promotion could result in significant fines or penalties under other statutory authorities, such as laws prohibiting false claims for reimbursement. In any such event, our reputation could be damaged, adoption of our products could be impaired and we could be subject to extensive fines and penalties.
Additionally, we must have adequate substantiation for the claims we make for our products. If any of our claims are determined to be false, misleading or deceptive, our products could be considered misbranded under the FDCA or in violation of the Federal Trade Commission Act. We could also face lawsuits from our competitors under the Lanham Act alleging that our marketing materials are false or misleading.
The regulatory environment governing information, cybersecurity and privacy laws is increasingly demanding and continues to evolve.
Personal privacy and data security have become significant issues in the U.S., Europe and many other jurisdictions where we offer our products. The regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future.
Certain U.S. laws, such as the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), govern the transmission, security and privacy of individually identifiable information that we may obtain or have access to in connection with the operation of our business, including the conduct of clinical research trials or other research studies that may provide us with access to sensitive health and other personal information. We may be required to make costly system modifications to comply with these data privacy and security requirements. In addition, if we do not properly comply with applicable laws and regulations related to the protection of this information, we could be subject to criminal or civil sanctions. The California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA), which became effective on January 1, 2020, requires us to make new disclosures to consumers about our data collection, use and sharing practices. The CCPA also allows consumers to opt out of certain data sharing with third parties, and provides a new cause of action for data breaches with the possibility of significant statutory damage awards as well as injunctive or declaratory relief if there has been unauthorized access, theft or disclosure of personal information due to failure to implement reasonable security procedures. The impact of the CCPA on our business is yet to be determined, but it could result in increased operating expenses as well as additional exposure to the risk of litigation by or on behalf of consumers. The CCPA is the most comprehensive data privacy regulation to date in the United States, and could be the precursor to other similar legislation in other states or at the federal level. Internationally, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) took effect in May 2018 within the European Economic Area (EEA) and many EEA jurisdictions have also adopted their own data privacy and protection laws in addition to the GDPR. Furthermore, other international jurisdictions, including Singapore, South Korea, China, Brazil, Mexico and Australia, have also implemented laws relating to data privacy and protection. Although we believe that we are complying with the GDPR and similar laws, these laws are still relatively new. Therefore, as international data privacy and protection laws continue to evolve, and as new regulations, interpretive guidance and enforcement information become available, we may incur incremental costs to modify our business practices to comply with these requirements. In addition, our internal control policies and procedures may not always protect us from reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees or agents.
Violations of these laws, or allegations of such violations, could subject us to monetary and non-monetary penalties for noncompliance, disrupt our operations, involve significant management distraction, subject us to class action lawsuits, and result in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We may be subject to or otherwise affected by federal and state healthcare laws, including fraud and abuse laws, and could face substantial penalties if we are unable to fully comply with these laws.
Healthcare fraud and abuse laws potentially applicable to our operations include, but are not limited to:
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the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, which prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting or receiving any bribe, kickback or other remuneration intended to induce the purchase, order or recommendation of an item or service reimbursable under a federal healthcare program (such as the Medicare or Medicaid programs);
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the federal False Claims Act and other federal laws which prohibit, among other things, knowingly and willfully presenting, or causing to be presented, claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid, other government payers or other third-party payers that are false or fraudulent;
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the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (Sunshine Act), which requires medical device companies to track and publicly report, with limited exceptions, all payments and transfers of value to physicians and teaching hospitals in the U.S; and
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state laws analogous to each of the above federal laws, such as state anti-kickback and false claims laws that may apply to items or services reimbursed by governmental programs and non-governmental third-party payers, including commercial insurers.
If we are found to have violated any such laws or other similar governmental regulations, including their foreign counterparts, that are directly or indirectly applicable to us, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion of our products from reimbursement under Medicare, Medicaid and other federal healthcare programs, and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations. Any penalties could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results. Any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against such action, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business.
*Legislative and regulatory changes in the healthcare industry could have a negative impact on our financial performance. Furthermore, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be significantly and adversely affected by healthcare reform legislation in the U.S. or in our key international markets.
Changes in the healthcare industry in the U.S. and abroad could adversely affect the demand for our products and the way in which we conduct our business. For example, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (the ACA), enacted in 2010, required most individuals to have health insurance, established new regulations on health plans, created insurance-pooling mechanisms and reduced Medicare spending on services provided by hospitals and other providers. The long-term viability of the ACA, and its impact on our business and results of operations, remains uncertain. There have also been recent U.S. Congressional actions to repeal and replace the ACA, and future actions are expected. For example, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, among other things, eliminated the individual mandate requiring most Americans (other than those who qualify for a hardship exemption) to carry a minimum level of health coverage effective January 1, 2019.
In December 2018, a federal district court judge in Texas found the ACA’s individual mandate to be unconstitutional; and therefore, the entire law to be invalid. In December 2019, the Fifth Circuit affirmed the ruling regarding the individual mandate but remanded the case to the district court for additional analysis of the question of severability and whether portions of the law remain valid. In March 2020, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear the case. Although we cannot predict the ultimate content or timing of any healthcare reform legislation or court challenges to the ACA, potential changes resulting from any amendment, repeal, replacement or invalidation of these programs, including any reduction in the future availability of healthcare insurance benefits, may decrease the number of people who are insured, which could adversely affect our business and future results of operations.
Our medical devices and business activities are subject to rigorous regulation by the FDA and other federal, state and international governmental authorities. These authorities and members of Congress have been increasing their scrutiny over the medical device industry. In recent years, Congress, the Department of Justice, the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Department of Defense have issued subpoenas and other requests for information to medical device manufacturers, primarily related to financial arrangements with healthcare providers, regulatory compliance and marketing and product promotional practices. Furthermore, certain state governments have enacted legislation to limit and/or increase transparency of interactions with healthcare providers, pursuant to which we are required by law to disclose payments and other transfers of value to healthcare providers licensed by certain states.
We anticipate that the government will continue to scrutinize our industry closely, and any new regulations or statutory provisions could result in delays or increased costs during the periods of product development, clinical trials and regulatory review and approval, as well as increased costs to assure compliance.


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Risks Related to Our Business and Operations
We may experience conflicts of interest with Cercacor with respect to business opportunities and other matters.
Prior to our initial public offering in August 2007, our stockholders owned 99% of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Cercacor, and we believe that a number of our stockholders, including certain of our directors and executive officers, continue to own shares of Cercacor stock. Joe Kiani, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), is also the Chairman and CEO of Cercacor.
Due to the interrelated nature of Cercacor with us, conflicts of interest may arise with respect to transactions involving business dealings between us and Cercacor, potential acquisitions of businesses or products, the development and ownership of technologies and products, the sale of products, markets and other matters in which our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders may conflict with the best interests of the stockholders of Cercacor. In addition, we and Cercacor may disagree regarding the interpretation of certain terms in the Cross-Licensing Agreement. We cannot guarantee that any conflict of interest will be resolved in our favor, or that, with respect to our transactions with Cercacor, we will negotiate terms that are as favorable to us as if such transactions were with another third-party.
We will be required to assign to Cercacor and pay Cercacor for the right to use certain products and technologies we develop that relate to the monitoring of non-vital sign parameters, including improvements to Masimo SET®.
Under the Cross-Licensing Agreement, if we develop certain products or technologies that relate to the noninvasive monitoring of non-vital sign parameters, including improvements to Masimo SET® for the noninvasive monitoring of non-vital sign parameters, we would be required to assign these developments to Cercacor and then license the technology back from Cercacor in consideration for upfront payments and royalty obligations to Cercacor. Therefore, these products and technologies would be deemed to have been developed or improved exclusively by Cercacor. In addition, we will not be reimbursed by Cercacor for our expenses relating to the development or improvement of any such products or technologies, which expenses may be significant. As a result of these terms, we may not generate any revenue from the further development of certain products and technologies for the monitoring of non-vital sign parameters, including improvements to Masimo SET®, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In the event that the Cross-Licensing Agreement is terminated for any reason, or Cercacor grants a license to rainbow® technology to a third-party, our business would be adversely affected.
Cercacor owns all of the proprietary rights to certain rainbow® technology developed with our proprietary Masimo SET® for products intended to be used in the Cercacor Market, and all rights to any non-vital signs measurement for which we do not exercise an option pursuant to the Cross-Licensing Agreement. In addition, Cercacor has the right to terminate the Cross-Licensing Agreement or grant licenses covering rainbow® technology to third parties if we breach certain terms of the agreement, including any failure to meet our minimum royalty payment obligations or failure to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop or market products incorporating licensed rainbow® technology. If we lose our exclusive license to rainbow® technology, we would lose the ability to prevent others from making, using, selling or importing products using rainbow® technology in our market. As a result, we would likely be subject to increased competition within our market, and Cercacor or competitors who obtain a license to rainbow® technology from Cercacor would be able to offer related products.
We may not be able to commercialize our products incorporating licensed rainbow® technology cost-effectively or successfully.
As a result of the royalties that we must pay to Cercacor, it is generally more expensive for us to make products that incorporate licensed rainbow® technology than products that do not include licensed rainbow® technology.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to sell products incorporating licensed rainbow® technology at a price the market is willing to accept. If we cannot commercialize our products incorporating licensed rainbow® technology successfully, we may not be able to generate sufficient product revenue from these products to be profitable, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Rights provided to Cercacor in the Cross-Licensing Agreement may impede a change in control of our company.
Under the Cross-Licensing Agreement, a change in control includes the resignation or termination of Joe Kiani from his position as CEO of either Masimo or Cercacor. A change in control also includes other customary events, such as the sale or merger of Masimo or Cercacor to a non-affiliated third-party or the acquisition of 50% or more of the voting power of Masimo or Cercacor by a non-affiliated third-party. In the event we undergo a change in control, we are required to immediately pay a $2.5 million fee to exercise an option to license technology developed by Cercacor for use in blood glucose monitoring.

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Additionally, our per product royalties payable to Cercacor will become subject to specified minimums, and the minimum aggregate annual royalties for licensed rainbow® measurements payable to Cercacor related to carbon monoxide, methemoglobin, fractional arterial oxygen saturation, hemoglobin and blood glucose will increase to $15.0 million, plus up to $2.0 million for other rainbow® measurements. Also, if the surviving or acquiring entity ceases to use “Masimo” as a company name and trademark following a change in control, all rights to the “Masimo” trademark will automatically be assigned to Cercacor. This could delay or discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change in control of us, including transactions in which our stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over our then-current trading price. In addition, our requirement to assign all future improvements for non-vital signs to Cercacor could impede a change in control of our company.
We may experience significant fluctuations in our periodic financial results and may not maintain our current levels of profitability in the future.
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely to fluctuate in the future. Many of the countries in which we operate, including the U.S. and several of the members of the EU, have experienced and continue to experience uncertain economic conditions resulting from global as well as local factors. In addition, continuing strength and growth in the U.S. economy may raise the probability of inflationary pressures and contribute to future interest rate volatility.
Our business or financial results may be adversely impacted by these uncertain economic conditions, including: adverse changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, tax laws or tax rates; inflation; contraction in the availability of credit in the marketplace due to legislation or other economic conditions, which may potentially impair our ability to access the capital markets on terms acceptable to us or at all; and the effects of government initiatives to manage economic conditions.
We are also unable to predict how changing global economic conditions or potential global health concerns such as the COVID-19 pandemic will affect our critical customers, suppliers and distributors. Any negative impact of such matters on our critical customers, suppliers or distributors may also have an adverse impact on our results of operations or financial condition. Our expense levels are based, in part, on our expectations regarding future revenue levels and are relatively fixed in the short term. As a result, if our revenue for a particular period was below our expectations, we would not be able to proportionately reduce our operating expenses for that period. Any revenue shortfall would have a disproportionately negative effect on our operating results for the period.
In addition, the methods, estimates and judgments that we use in applying our accounting policies are, by their nature, are subject to substantial risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Factors may arise over time that lead us to change our methods, estimates and judgments, the impact of which could significantly affect our results of operations. See “Critical Accounting Estimates” contained in Part I, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Recent accounting changes related to our embedded leases within certain deferred equipment agreements have also resulted in the acceleration of the timing related to our recognition of revenue and expenses associated with certain equipment provided to customers at no up-front charge. Since we cannot control the timing of when our customers will request us to deliver such equipment, our revenue and costs with respect to leased equipment could vary substantially in any given quarter or year, which could further increase quarterly or annual fluctuations within our financial results.
Due to these and other factors, you should not rely on our results for any one quarter as an indication of our future performance. If our operating results fail to meet or exceed the expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price could drop suddenly and significantly.
*Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
In December 2019, COVID-19 was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China and has since spread to many other countries, including the United States, where we have our principal executive offices and principal operations, Switzerland, where we have our international headquarters, and Mexico, where we have significant manufacturing operations. Government-imposed travel restrictions have resulted, and may continue to result, in direct operational and administrative disruptions to our domestic and foreign facilities. In addition, quarantines, shelter-in-place and similar orders by local governments have impacted and could further impact the productivity of our manufacturing, engineering, sales and administrative staff and facilities in the United States and other countries. Our operations would be disrupted if any of our employees or employees of our business partners were suspected of having contracted COVID-19, which could require quarantine of some or all such employees or closure of our facilities for disinfection.

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If the current pace of the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be slowed and the spread of the virus is not contained, our business operations could be further delayed or interrupted. We expect that government and health authorities may announce new or extend existing restrictions, which could require us to make further adjustments to our operations in order to comply with any such restrictions. We may also experience limitations in employee resources. In addition, global supply chains and the timely availability of raw materials and products may be materially disrupted by quarantines, factory slowdowns or shutdowns, border closings and travel restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
The adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business could be material in future periods, particularly if there are significant and prolonged economic slowdowns in regions where we derive a significant amount of our revenue or profit, or where our suppliers are located, or if we are forced to close facilities and limit or cease manufacturing operations for extended periods of time. Although we are currently experiencing an increase in the demand for our products, we could experience delays in receipt of customer payments. In addition, our ability to fulfill orders placed with us within the order’s specified time line and for the cost we estimated when we accepted the order may be negatively affected. Furthermore, we are unable to determine if the increase we are experiencing in the demand for our products is being driven by increased usage of our products or the stockpiling of our products by our customers, the latter of which could result in the delay or cancellation of future orders until such on-hand inventory is consumed. These factors could lead to a reduction in revenues, an increase in our cost of revenues and/or a delay in cash flows in future periods and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The COVID-19 pandemic has also led to extreme volatility in capital markets and has adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the market price of our common stock. While the potential economic impact brought by, and the duration of, the COVID-19 pandemic may be difficult to assess or predict, a widespread pandemic could result in significant disruption of global financial markets, reducing our ability to access capital, which could in the future negatively affect our liquidity. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our results will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.
Future changes in accounting pronouncements and tax laws, or the interpretation thereof, could have a significant impact on our reported results, and may affect our historical reporting of previous transactions.
New accounting pronouncements or taxation rules, and evolving interpretations thereof, have occurred and are likely to occur in the future. For example, in recent years, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new accounting standards that impact our reporting of revenue and expenses, including Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and ASC Topic 842, Leases. Changes made by these new accounting standards not only apply prospectively, but depending on the method of adoption, may also recast previously reported results. In addition, the 2017 Tax Act, which took effect on January 1, 2018, included a number of changes to existing tax law impacting businesses including, among other things, a permanent reduction in the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, a one-time transition tax on the “deemed repatriation” of cumulative undistributed foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017 and changes in the prospective taxation of the foreign operations of U.S. multinational companies. Moreover, Congressional leaders have recognized that the process of adopting extensive tax legislation in a short amount of time without hearings and substantial time for review is likely to have led to drafting errors, issues needing clarification and unintended consequences that will have to be reviewed in subsequent tax legislation or addressed in future tax regulations. For additional information related to the impact of new accounting pronouncements, please see Note 2 to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
*If we lose the services of our key personnel, or if we are unable to attract and retain other key personnel, we may not be able to manage our operations or meet our growth objectives.
We are highly dependent on our senior management, especially Joe Kiani, our CEO, and other key officers. We are also heavily dependent on our engineers and field sales team, including sales representatives and clinical specialists. The loss of the services of members of our key personnel, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, or the inability to attract and retain qualified personnel in the future could prevent the implementation and completion of our objectives, including the development and introduction of our products. In general, our key personnel may terminate their employment at any time and for any reason without notice, unless the individual is a participant in our 2007 Severance Protection Plan, in which case the individual has agreed to provide us with six months’ notice if such individual decides to voluntarily resign. We do not maintain any “key person” life insurance policies with respect to any of our key personnel.

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We are involved, and may become involved in the future, in disputes and other legal or regulatory proceedings that, if adversely decided or settled, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are, and may in the future become, party to litigation, regulatory proceedings or other disputes. In general, claims made by or against us in disputes and other legal or regulatory proceedings can be expensive and time-consuming to bring or defend against, requiring us to expend significant resources and divert the efforts and attention of our management and other personnel from our business operations. These potential claims may include but are not limited to personal injury and class action lawsuits, intellectual property claims and regulatory investigations relating to the advertising and promotional claims about our products and employee claims against us based on, among other things, discrimination, harassment or wrongful termination. Any one of these claims, even those without merit, may divert our financial and management resources that would otherwise be used to benefit the future performance of our operations. Any adverse determination against us in these proceedings, or even the allegations contained in the claims, regardless of whether they are ultimately found to be without merit, may also result in settlements, injunctions or damages that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes to government immigration regulations may materially affect our workforce and limit our supply of qualified professionals, or increase our cost of securing workers.
We recruit professionals on a global basis and must comply with the immigration laws in the countries in which we operate, including the U.S. Some of our employees are working under Masimo-sponsored temporary work visas, including H1-B visas. Statutory law limits the number of new H1-B temporary work permit petitions that may be approved in a fiscal year. Furthermore, there is a possibility that the current U.S. immigration visa program may be significantly overhauled, and the number of H1-B visas available, as well as the process to obtain them, may be subject to significant change. Any resulting changes to this visa program could impact our ability to recruit, hire and retain qualified skilled personnel. If we are unable to obtain work visas in sufficient quantities or at a sufficient rate for a significant period of time, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.
The risks inherent in operating internationally, including the purchase, sale and shipment of our components and products across international borders, may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We currently derive approximately 30% of our net sales from international operations. In addition, we purchase a portion of our raw materials and components from international sources. The sale and shipment of our products across international borders, as well as the purchase of materials and components from international sources, subject us to extensive U.S. and foreign governmental trade regulations, including those related to conflict minerals. Compliance with such regulations is costly and we could be exposed to potentially significant penalties if we are found not to be in compliance with such regulations. Any failure to comply with applicable legal and regulatory obligations could impact us in a variety of ways that include, but are not limited to, significant criminal, civil and administrative penalties, including imprisonment of individuals, fines and penalties, denial of export privileges, seizure of shipments, restrictions on certain business activities, and exclusion or debarment from government contracting. Also, the failure to comply with applicable legal and regulatory obligations could result in the disruption of our shipping, manufacturing and sales activities. Any material decrease in our international sales would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In June 2016, the United Kingdom (UK) held a referendum pursuant to which voters elected to leave the EU, commonly referred to as Brexit. The UK formally left the EU on January 31, 2020 and began a transition period that is scheduled to end on December 31, 2020. During the transition period, the UK remains subject to EU law while they negotiate their future relationship with the EU, but is no longer part of the EU’s political institutions and agencies. Although the long-term effects of Brexit will depend on any agreements the UK makes to retain access to the EU markets, Brexit has created additional uncertainties that may ultimately result in new regulatory costs and challenges for medical device companies and increased restrictions on imports and exports throughout Europe, which could adversely affect our ability to conduct and expand our operations in Europe and which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, Brexit may increase the possibility that other countries may decide to leave the EU in the future.
In addition, our international operations expose us and our representatives, agents and distributors to risks inherent in operating in foreign jurisdictions. These risks include, but are not limited to:
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the imposition of additional U.S. and foreign governmental controls or regulations;
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the imposition of costly and lengthy new export licensing requirements;
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a shortage of high-quality sales people and distributors;

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the loss of any key personnel that possess proprietary knowledge, or who are otherwise important to our success in certain international markets;
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changes in duties and tariffs, license obligations and other non-tariff barriers to trade;
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the imposition of new trade restrictions;
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the imposition of restrictions on the activities of foreign agents, representatives and distributors;
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compliance with foreign tax laws, regulations and requirements;
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pricing pressure;
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changes in foreign currency exchange rates;
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laws and business practices favoring local companies;
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political instability and actual or anticipated military or political conflicts;
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financial and civil unrest worldwide;
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outbreaks of illnesses, pandemics or other local or global health issues;
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the inability to collect amounts paid by foreign government customers to our appointed foreign agents;
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longer payment cycles, increased credit risk and different collection remedies with respect to receivables; and
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difficulties in enforcing or defending intellectual property rights.
The U.S. government has recently initiated substantial changes in U.S. trade policy and U.S. trade agreements, including the initiation of tariffs on certain foreign goods. In response to these tariffs, certain foreign governments instituted or are considering imposing tariffs on certain U.S. goods. In addition, the U.S. has recently negotiated new trade agreements that could impact us, including the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), which will ultimately replace the North American Free Trade Agreement. While ratified by the U.S. and Mexico, USMCA is still subject to ratification by Canada, and various components may not be effective until 2021 or after. A trade war, trade barriers or other governmental actions related to tariffs, international trade agreements, import or export restrictions or other trade policies could adversely impact demand for our products, our costs, customers, suppliers and/or the U.S. economy or certain sectors thereof and, therefore, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from promising or making improper payments to non-U.S. officials for the purpose of obtaining an advantage to secure or retain business. Because of the predominance of government-sponsored healthcare systems around the world, many of our customer relationships outside of the U.S. are with governmental entities and are therefore subject to such anti-bribery laws. We have adopted policies and practices that help us ensure compliance with these anti-bribery laws. However, such policies and practice may require us to invest in additional monitoring resources or forgo certain business opportunities in order to ensure global compliance with these laws.
Our operations may be adversely impacted by our exposure to risks related to foreign currency exchange rates.
We market our products in certain foreign markets through our subsidiaries and other international distributors. As a result, events that result in global economic uncertainty could significantly affect our results of operations in the form of gains and losses on foreign currency transactions and potential devaluation of the local currencies of our customers relative to the U.S. Dollar.
While a majority of our sales are transacted in U.S. Dollars, some of our sales agreements with foreign customers provide for payment in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar. These foreign currency revenues, when converted into U.S. Dollars, can vary depending on the approximation of the exchange rates applied during a respective period. Similarly, certain of our foreign subsidiaries transact business in their respective country’s local currency, which is also their functional currency. In addition, certain production costs related to our manufacturing operations in Mexico are denominated in Mexican Pesos. As a result, expenses of these foreign subsidiaries and certain production costs, when converted into U.S. Dollars, can vary depending on average monthly exchange rates during a respective period.
We are also exposed to foreign currency gains or losses on outstanding foreign currency denominated receivables and payables, as well as cash deposits. When converted to U.S. Dollars, these receivables, payables and cash deposits can vary depending on the monthly exchange rates at the end of the period. In addition, certain intercompany transactions may give rise to realized and unrealized foreign currency gains or losses based on the currency underlying such intercompany transactions. Accordingly, our operating results are subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

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The balance sheets of our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar are translated into U.S. Dollars at the rate of exchange at the balance sheet date and the statements of operations and cash flows are translated into U.S. Dollars using an approximation of the average monthly exchange rates applicable during the period. Any foreign currency exchange gain or loss as a result of translating the balance sheets of our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar is included in equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
We currently do not hedge our foreign currency exchange rate risk. As a result, changes in foreign exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For additional information related to our foreign currency exchange rate risk, please see Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk in Part I, Item 3 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
We currently manufacture our products at a limited number of locations and any disruption to, expansion of, or changes in trade programs related to such manufacturing operations could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on manufacturing facilities in California, New Hampshire, Mexico and Sweden that may be affected by natural or man-made disasters. Earthquakes are of particular significance since some of our facilities are located in earthquake-prone areas. We are also vulnerable to damage from other types of disasters, including power loss, attacks from extremist or terrorist organizations, epidemics, communication failures, fire, floods and similar events. Our facilities and the manufacturing equipment we use to produce our products would be difficult to replace and could require substantial time to repair if significant damage were to result from any of these occurrences.
If one of our manufacturing facilities was affected by a natural or man-made disaster, we would be forced to rely on third-party manufacturers if we could not shift production to our other manufacturing facilities. Furthermore, our insurance for damage to our property and the disruption of our business from casualties may not be sufficient to cover all of our potential losses and may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. If the lease for any of our leased facilities is terminated, we are unable to renew any of our leases or we are otherwise forced to seek alternative facilities, or if we voluntarily expand one or more of our manufacturing operations to new locations, we may incur additional transition costs and experience a disruption in the supply of our products until the new facilities are available and operating. Additionally, we have occasionally experienced seasonality among our manufacturing workforce, and if we continue to experience such seasonality or other workforce shortages or otherwise have issues retaining employees at our manufacturing facilities, we may not be able to meet our customers’ demands.
Our global manufacturing and distribution are dependent upon our manufacturing facilities in Mexico, and the expedient importation of raw materials and exportation of finished goods between the U.S. and Mexico. Undue delays and/or closures of the proximal cross-border transit facilities, or any restrictions by the U.S. federal administration related to the movement of goods across the U.S. and Mexico border, may adversely affect our ability to fulfill orders and supply our healthcare provider customers with essential replenishment supplies, as well as adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition.
In addition, our manufacturing facilities in Mexico are authorized to operate under the Mexican Maquiladora, or IMMEX program. The IMMEX program allows us to import certain items from the U.S. into Mexico duty-free, provided that such items, after processing, are exported from Mexico within a stipulated timeframe. Maquiladora status, which is renewed periodically, is subject to various restrictions and requirements, including compliance with the terms of the IMMEX program and other local regulations. Failure to comply with the IMMEX program regulations, including any changes thereto, could increase our manufacturing costs and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
If we do not accurately forecast customer demand, we may hold suboptimal inventory levels that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we are unable to meet the demand of our customers, our customers may cancel orders or purchase products from our competitors, which could reduce our revenue and gross profit margin. Conversely, if product demand decreases, we may be unable to timely adjust our manufacturing cost structure, resulting in excess capacity, which would lower gross product margins. Similarly, if we are unable to forecast demand accurately, we could be required to record charges related to excess or obsolete inventory, which would also lower our gross margin.

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*If we are unable to obtain key materials and components from sole or limited source suppliers, we will not be able to deliver our noninvasive patient monitoring solutions to customers.
We depend on certain sole or limited source suppliers for certain key materials and components, including digital signal processor chips and analog-to-digital converter chips, for our noninvasive patient monitoring solutions. These suppliers are located around the world, and the production and shipment of such materials and components may be constrained globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We may experience manufacturing problems related to these suppliers and other outside sources if such suppliers fail to develop, manufacture or ship products and components to us on a timely basis, or provide us with products and components that do not meet our quality standards and required quantities. In addition, from time to time there have been industry-wide shortages of certain components that we use in our noninvasive blood constituent patient monitoring solutions. We may also experience price increases for materials or components, with no guarantee that such increases can be passed along to our customers, which could adversely impact our gross margins.
If any of these problems occur, we may be unable to obtain substitute sources for these products and components on a timely basis or on terms acceptable to us, which could harm our ability to manufacture our own products and components profitably or on time.
If we fail to comply with the reporting obligations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or if we fail to maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting, our business, results of operations and financial condition and investors’ confidence in us could be adversely affected.
We are required to prepare and disclose certain information under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in a timely manner and meet our reporting obligations in their entirety, and our failure to do so could subject us to penalties under federal securities laws and regulations of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, expose us to lawsuits and restrict our ability to access financing on favorable terms, or at all.
If we fail to maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Moreover, any material weakness in our internal control environment could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could harm our business, negatively impact the trading price of our stock, and adversely affect investors’ confidence in our company and our ability to access capital markets for financing.
Changing laws and increasingly complex corporate governance and public disclosure requirements could have an adverse effect on our business and operating results.
Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act), the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act, the UK Modern Slavery Act and new regulations issued by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, have and will create additional compliance requirements for us. For example, the Dodd-Frank Act includes provisions regarding, among other things, advisory votes on named executive officer compensation and “conflict minerals” reporting. Complying with these rules and regulations has increased and will increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may also need to hire additional employees or engage outside consultants to comply with these requirements, which will increase our costs and expenses. To maintain high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure, we have invested in, and intend to continue to invest in, reasonably necessary resources to comply with evolving standards.
In addition, stockholder litigation surrounding executive compensation and disclosure of executive compensation has increased with the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act. Furthermore, our stockholders may not continue to approve our advisory vote on named executive officer compensation that is required to be voted on by our stockholders annually pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act. If we are involved in a lawsuit related to compensation matters or any other matters not covered by our directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, we may incur significant expenses in defending against such lawsuits, or be subject to significant fines or required to take significant remedial actions, each of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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If product liability claims are brought against us, we could face substantial liability and costs.
Our products are predominantly used in patient care and expose us to product liability claims and product recalls, including, but not limited to, those that may arise from unauthorized off-label use, malfunctions, design flaws or manufacturing defects related to our products or the use of our products with incompatible components or systems. In addition, as we continue to expand our product portfolio, we may enter or create new markets, including consumer markets, that may expose us to additional product liability risks.
We cannot be certain that our product liability insurance will be sufficient to cover any or all damages for product liability claims that may be brought against us in the future. Furthermore, we may not be able to obtain or maintain insurance in the future at satisfactory rates or in adequate amounts to protect us against any product liability claims.
Additionally, the laws and regulations regarding product liability are constantly evolving, both through the passage of new legislation at the state and federal levels and through new interpretations of existing legislation. For example, in February 2017, the Washington Supreme Court determined that, under the Washington Product Liability Act, medical device manufacturers have a duty to warn hospitals of any potential risks posed by their products. As the legal and regulatory landscape surrounding product liability change, we may become exposed to greater liability than currently anticipated.
Any losses that we may suffer from product liability claims, and the effect that any product liability litigation may have upon the reputation and marketability of our technology and products, together with the corresponding diversion of the attention of our key employees, may subject us to significant damages and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Future strategic initiatives, including acquisitions of businesses and strategic investments, could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations if we fail to integrate the acquired businesses successfully into our existing operations or achieve the desired results of our investment.
We have acquired several businesses since our inception and we may acquire additional businesses in the future. Future acquisitions may require debt or equity financing, which could be dilutive to our existing stockholders or reduce our earnings per share. Even if we complete acquisitions, there are many factors that could affect whether such acquisition will be beneficial to our business, including, without limitation:
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payment of above-market prices for acquisitions and higher than anticipated acquisition costs;
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issuance of common stock as part of the acquisition price or a need to issue stock options or other equity to newly-hired employees of target companies, resulting in dilution of ownership to our existing stockholders;
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reduced profitability if an acquisition is not accretive to our business over either the short-term or the long-term;
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difficulties in integrating any acquired companies, personnel, products and other assets into our existing business;
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delays in realizing the benefits of the acquired company, products or other assets;
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regulatory challenges;
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cybersecurity and compliance-related issues;
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diversion of our management’s time and attention from other business concerns;
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limited or no direct prior experience in new markets or countries we may enter;
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unanticipated issues dealing with unfamiliar suppliers, service providers or other collaborators of the acquired company;
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higher costs of integration than we anticipated;
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write-downs or impairments of goodwill or other intangible assets associated with the acquired company;
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difficulties in retaining key employees of the acquired business who are necessary to manage these acquisitions;
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negative impacts on our relationships with our employees, clients or collaborators;
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litigation or other claims in connection with the acquisition; and
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changes in the overall financial model as certain acquired companies may have a different revenue, gross profit margin or operating expense profile.
Further, our ability to benefit from future acquisitions and/or external strategic investments depends on our ability to successfully conduct due diligence, negotiate acceptable terms, evaluate prospective opportunities and bring acquired technologies and/or products to market at acceptable margins and operating expense levels. Our failure in any of these tasks could result in unforeseen liabilities associated with an acquired company, acquiring a company on unfavorable terms or selecting and eventually acquiring a suboptimal acquisition target.

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We may also discover deficiencies in internal controls, data adequacy and integrity, product quality, regulatory compliance, product liabilities or other undisclosed liabilities that we did not uncover prior to our acquisition or investment, which could result in us becoming subject to penalties, other liabilities or asset impairments. In addition, if we do not achieve the anticipated benefits of an acquisition or other external investment as rapidly as expected, or at all, investors or analysts may downgrade our stock.
We also expect to continue to carry out internal strategic initiatives that we believe are necessary to grow our revenues and expand our business, both in the U.S. and abroad. For example, we have continued to invest in international expansion programs designed to increase our worldwide presence and take advantage of market expansion opportunities around the world. Although we believe our investments in these initiatives continue to be in the long-term best interests of Masimo and our stockholders, there are no assurances that such initiatives will yield favorable results for us. Accordingly, if these initiatives are not successful, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
If these risks materialize, our stock price could be materially adversely affected. Any difficulties in the integration of acquired businesses or unexpected penalties, liabilities or asset impairments in connection with such acquisitions or investments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may incur environmental and personal injury liabilities related to certain hazardous materials used in our operations.
Certain manufacturing processes for our products may involve the storage, use, generation and disposal of certain hazardous materials and wastes, including silicone adhesives, solder and solder paste, sealants, epoxies and various solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and isopropyl alcohol. As a result, we are subject to certain environmental laws, as well as certain other laws and regulations, that restrict the materials that can be used in our products or in our manufacturing processes. For example, products that we sell in Europe are subject to regulation in the EU markets under the Restriction of the Use of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS). RoHS prohibits companies from selling products that contain certain hazardous materials in EU member states. In addition, the EU’s Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals Directive also restricts substances of very high concern in products. Compliance with such regulations may be costly and, therefore, we may incur significant costs to comply with these laws and regulations.
In addition, new environmental laws may further affect how we manufacture our products, how we use, generate or dispose of hazardous materials and waste, or further affect what materials can be used in our products. Any required changes to our operations may increase our manufacturing costs, detrimentally impact the performance of our products, add greater testing lead-times for product introductions or have other similar effects.
In connection with our research and manufacturing activities, we use, and our employees may be exposed to, materials that are hazardous to human health, safety or the environment. The risk of accidental injury to our employees or contamination from these materials cannot be eliminated, and we could be held liable for any resulting damages, the related liability for which could exceed our reserves. We do not specifically insure against environmental liabilities. If an enforcement action were to occur, our reputation and our business and financial condition may be harmed, even if we were to prevail or settle the action on terms favorable to us.
We rely significantly on information technology and any failure, inadequacy, interruption or security lapse of that technology, including any cybersecurity incidents, could harm our ability to operate our business effectively.
Increased global cybersecurity vulnerabilities, cybersecurity threats, and sophisticated and targeted cybersecurity attacks pose a risk to the security of Masimo’s systems and networks, including the confidentiality, availability and integrity of any underlying information and data, and those of our customers, partners, suppliers and third-party service providers. Our ability to effectively manage and maintain our internal business information, and to ship products to customers and invoice them on a timely basis, depends significantly on our enterprise resource planning system and other information systems. Portions of our information technology systems may experience interruptions, delays or cessations of service or produce errors in connection with ongoing systems implementation work. In addition, interfaces between our products and our customers’ computer networks could provide additional opportunities for cybersecurity attacks on us and our customers. The techniques used to attack computer systems are sophisticated, change frequently and may originate from less regulated and remote areas of the world. Cybersecurity attacks in particular are evolving and include, but are not limited to, threats, malicious software, ransom ware, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, misappropriation of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data. As a result, there can be no assurance that our protective measures will prevent or detect security breaches that could have a significant impact on our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

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The failure of these systems to operate or integrate effectively with other internal, customer, supplier or third-party service provider systems and to protect the underlying information technology system and data integrity, including from cyber-attacks, intrusions or other breaches or unauthorized access of these systems, or any failure by us to remediate any such attacks or breaches, may also result in damage to our reputation or competitiveness, delays in product fulfillment and reduced efficiency of our operations, and could require significant capital investments to remediate any such failure, problem or breach, all of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our credit agreement contains certain covenants and restrictions that may limit our flexibility in operating our business.
Our credit agreement dated December 17, 2018 (Credit Facility) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent and a Lender, and Bank of the West, a Lender, contains various affirmative covenants and restrictions that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions, including:
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incurring specified types of additional indebtedness (including guarantees or other contingent obligations);
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paying dividends on, repurchasing or making distributions in respect of our common stock or making other restricted payments, subject to specified exceptions;
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making specified investments (including loans and advances);
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selling or transferring certain assets;
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creating certain liens;
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consolidating, merging, selling or otherwise disposing of all or substantially all of our assets; and
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entering into certain transactions with any of our affiliates.
In addition, under our Credit Facility, we are required to satisfy and maintain specified financial ratios and other affirmative covenants. Our ability to meet those financial ratios and affirmative covenants could be affected by events beyond our control and, therefore, we cannot be assured that we will be able to continue to satisfy these requirements. A breach of any of these ratios or covenants could result in a default under our Credit Facility. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the Lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility immediately due and payable, terminate all commitments to extend further credit and pursue legal remedies for recovery, all of which could adversely affect our business and financial condition. As of March 28, 2020, we had no outstanding draws and $1.7 million of outstanding letters of credit under our Credit Facility and were in compliance with all applicable covenants. See Note 15 to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information on our Credit Facility.
Discontinuation, reform or replacement of LIBOR and other benchmark rates, or uncertainty related to the potential for any of the foregoing, may adversely affect our business.
The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority announced in 2017 that it intends to phase out the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) by the end of 2021. In addition, other regulators have suggested reforming or replacing other benchmark rates. The discontinuation, reform or replacement of LIBOR or any other benchmark rates may have an unpredictable impact on contractual mechanics in the credit markets or cause disruption to the broader financial markets. Uncertainty as to the nature of such potential discontinuation, reform or replacement may also negatively impact interest expense related to borrowings under our Credit Facility. Borrowings under our Credit Facility bear interest, at our election, either at the Alternate Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Facility), or at the Adjusted LIBO Rate (as defined in the Credit Facility), which is derived from LIBOR. We may in the future pursue amendments to our Credit Facility to provide for a transition mechanism or other reference rate in anticipation of LIBOR’s discontinuation, but we may not be able to reach agreement with our lenders on any such amendments. As a result, additional financing to replace any then-outstanding LIBOR-based debt may be unavailable, more expensive or restricted by the terms of such outstanding indebtedness.
We may experience conflicts of interest with respect our CEO’s role in the Patient Safety Movement Foundation.
Joe Kiani, our Chairman and CEO, founded the Patient Safety Movement Foundation in 2012 with the aim of eliminating preventable deaths caused by medical errors. Conflicts of interest issues may arise between our business and customers and the objectives of the Patient Safety Movement Foundation. For example, one of the objectives of the Patient Safety Movement Foundation is to request that hospitals implement Actionable Patient Safety Solutions to overcome some of the leading patient safety challenges that hospitals currently face. Some hospitals and other healthcare providers may disagree with the Patient Safety Movement Foundation’s recommendations or may determine that these steps and other actions encouraged by the Patient Safety Movement Foundation may not be practicable or may be too costly or burdensome to implement.

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Although Mr. Kiani’s role as a director of the Patient Safety Movement Foundation is separate from his role as our President and CEO, hospitals and healthcare providers that do not agree with the actions or recommendations of the Patient Safety Movement Foundation may nonetheless disfavor Masimo products, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Stock
*Our stock price may be volatile, and your investment in our stock could suffer a decline in value.
There has been and could continue to be significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of equity securities. For example, our closing stock price ranged from $148.38 to $186.78 per share from December 28, 2019 to March 28, 2020. Factors contributing to our stock price volatility may include our financial performance, as well as broader economic, political and market factors. In addition to the other risk factors previously discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there are many other factors that we may not be able to control that could have a significant effect on our stock price. These include, but are not limited to:
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actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results or future prospects;
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our announcements or our competitors’ announcements of new products;
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the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements and our filings with the SEC;
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strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;
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new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;
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changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;
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changes in our growth rates or our competitors’ growth rates;
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developments regarding our patents or proprietary rights or those of our competitors;
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ongoing legal proceedings;
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our inability to raise additional capital as needed;
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concerns or allegations as to the safety or efficacy of our products;
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changes in financial markets or general economic conditions, including the effects of recession or slow economic growth in the U.S. and abroad;
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effects of public health crises, epidemics and pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic;
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sales of stock by us or members of our management team, our Board of Directors (Board) or certain institutional stockholders; and
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changes in stock market analyst recommendations or earnings estimates regarding our stock, other comparable companies or our industry generally.
Therefore, you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the price you paid for them.
Concentration of ownership among our existing directors, executive officers and principal stockholders may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.
As of March 28, 2020, our current directors and executive officers and their affiliates, in the aggregate, beneficially owned approximately 11.0% of our outstanding stock. Subject to any fiduciary duties owed to our other stockholders under Delaware law, these stockholders may be able to exercise significant influence over matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, and will have some control over our management and policies. Some of these persons or entities may have interests that are different from yours. For example, these stockholders may support proposals and actions with which you may disagree or which are not in your best interests. The concentration of ownership could delay or prevent a change in control of us, or otherwise discourage a potential acquirer from attempting to obtain control of us, which in turn could reduce the price of our stock.
In addition, these stockholders could use their voting influence to maintain our existing management and directors in office or support or reject other management and Board proposals that are subject to stockholder approval, such as amendments to our employee stock plans and approvals of significant financing transactions.

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Our investors could experience substantial dilution of their investments as a result of subsequent exercises of our outstanding options, vesting of outstanding restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance stock units (PSUs), or the grant of future equity awards by us.
As of March 28, 2020, approximately 10.2 million shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plans, of which approximately 5.1 million shares were subject to options outstanding at such date at a weighted-average exercise price of $61.42 per share, approximately 2.9 million shares were subject to outstanding RSUs, approximately 0.5 million shares were subject to outstanding PSUs and approximately 1.9 million shares were available for future awards under our 2017 Equity Incentive Plan. Over the past 24 months, we have experienced higher rates of stock option exercises compared to many earlier periods, and this trend may continue. To the extent outstanding options are exercised or outstanding RSUs or PSUs vest, our existing stockholders may incur dilution.
We rely on equity awards to motivate current employees and to attract new employees. The grant of future equity awards by us to our employees and other service providers may further dilute our stockholders.
Future resales of our stock, including those by our insiders and a few investment funds, may cause our stock price to decline.
A significant portion of our outstanding shares are held by our directors, our executive officers and a few investment funds. Resales by these stockholders of a substantial number of such shares, announcements of any proposed resale of substantial amounts of our stock or the perception that substantial resales may be made, could significantly reduce the market price of our stock. Some of our directors and executive officers have entered into Rule 10b5-1 trading plans pursuant to which they have arranged to sell shares of our stock from time to time in the future. Generally, these sales require public filings. Actual or potential sales by these insiders, including those under a pre-arranged Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, could be interpreted by the market as an indication that the insider has lost confidence in our stock and reduce the market price of our stock.
We have registered and expect to continue to register shares reserved under our equity plans pursuant to Registration Statements on Form S-8. All shares issued pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-8 can be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, subject to restrictions on our affiliates under Rule 144. If a large number of these shares are sold in the public market, the sales could reduce the trading price of our stock.
Our corporate documents and Delaware law contain provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, prevent attempts to replace or remove current management and reduce the market price of our stock.
Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and second amended and restated bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition involving us that our stockholders may consider favorable. For example, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board to issue up to 5.0 million shares of “blank check” preferred stock. As a result, without further stockholder approval, our Board has the authority to attach special rights, including voting and dividend rights, to this preferred stock, including pursuant to a stockholder rights plan. With these rights, preferred stockholders could make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides for a staggered Board, whereby directors serve for three-year terms, with one-third of the directors coming up for reelection each year. A staggered Board will make it more difficult for a third-party to obtain control of our Board through a proxy contest, which may be a necessary step in an acquisition of us that is not favored by our Board.
We are also subject to anti-takeover provisions under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. Under these provisions, if anyone becomes an “interested stockholder,” we may not enter into a “business combination” with that person for three years without special approval, which could discourage a third-party from making a takeover offer and could delay or prevent a change in control of us. For purposes of these provisions, an “interested stockholder” generally means someone owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock or an affiliate of ours that owned 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock during the past three years, subject to certain exceptions as described in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

62

Our second amended and restated bylaws provide that the state or federal courts located within the State of Delaware are the exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.
Our second amended and restated bylaws provide that the state or federal courts located within the State of Delaware are the sole and exclusive forum for: (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees or stockholders to our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our second amended and restated bylaws or as to which the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. However, this choice of forum provision does not apply to (a) actions in which the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware concludes that an indispensable party is not subject to the jurisdiction of Delaware courts, or (b) actions in which a federal court has assumed exclusive jurisdiction to a proceeding. This choice of forum provision is not intended to apply to any actions brought under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees or stockholders, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees or stockholders.
Furthermore, the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision in our second amended and restated bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may elect not to declare cash dividends on our stock, may elect to only pay dividends on an infrequent or irregular basis, or may elect not to make any additional stock repurchases. As a result, any return on your investment may be limited to the value of our stock. In addition, the payment of any future dividends or the repurchase of our stock might limit our ability to pursue other growth opportunities.
Our Board may from time to time declare, and we may pay, dividends on our outstanding shares in the manner and upon the terms and conditions provided by law. However, we may elect to retain all future earnings for the operation and expansion of our business, rather than paying cash dividends on our stock. In addition, under certain circumstances, our Credit Facility may limit our ability to pay cash dividends, repurchase our common stock or make other distributions to stockholders. Any payment of cash dividends on our stock will be at the discretion of our Board and will depend upon our results of operations, earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, business prospects, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our Board. In the event our Board declares any dividends, there is no assurance with respect to the amount, timing or frequency of any such dividends.
Any repurchase of our common stock under the stock repurchase plan authorized by our Board in July 2018 (2018 Repurchase Program) will be at the discretion of a committee comprised of our CEO and Chief Financial Officer, and will depend on several factors, including, but not limited to, results of operations, capital requirements, financial conditions, available capital from operations or other sources and the market price of our common stock. Therefore, there is no assurance with respect to the amount, price or timing of any such repurchases. We may elect to retain all future earnings for the operation and expansion of our business, rather than repurchasing additional outstanding shares. For additional information related to our 2018 Repurchase Program, please see Note 17 to our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
In the event we pay dividends, or make any stock repurchases in the future, our ability to finance any material expansion of our business, including through acquisitions, investments or increased capital spending, or to fund our operations, may be limited. In addition, any repurchases we may make in the future may not prove to be at optimal prices. Our Board may modify or amend the 2018 Repurchase Program, or adopt a new stock repurchase program, at any time at its discretion without stockholder approval.


63

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Repurchases and Withholdings of Equity Securities
During the three months ended March 28, 2020, we effected stock repurchases pursuant to the stock repurchase plan authorized by our Board in July 2018 (2018 Repurchase Program). In addition, we satisfied certain U.S. federal and state tax withholding obligations due upon the vesting of performance share units by withholding a number of shares of our common stock with an aggregate fair market value on the date of vesting equal to the tax withholding obligations from the shares of our common stock being issued in connection with such award.
Shares repurchased by us or withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations during each fiscal month of the quarter ended March 28, 2020 were as follows:
Period
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased or Withheld
 
Average Price
Paid Per Share
 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
 
Maximum Number
of Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs(1)
December 29, 2019 to January 25, 2020
 
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
4,725,086

January 25, 2020 to February 22, 2020
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,725,086

February 22, 2020 to March 28, 2020
 
11,652

 
154.09

 
2,568

 
4,722,518

     Total
 
11,652

 
$
154.09

 
2,568

 
4,722,518

_____________
(1) 
In July 2018, our Board authorized the 2018 Repurchase Program, whereby we were authorized to repurchase up to 5.0 million shares of our common stock. The 2018 Repurchase Program can be carried out at the discretion of a committee comprised of our CEO and CFO through open market purchases, one or more Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, block trades and privately negotiated transactions.
During the three months ended March 28, 2020, we satisfied certain U.S. federal and state tax withholding obligations due upon the vesting of performance share units by withholding shares of our common stock, with an aggregate fair market value on the date of vesting equal to the tax withholding obligations, from the shares of our common stock actually issued in connection with such award. Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019 were as follows:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
March 28,
2020
 
March 30
2019
Shares withheld
 
9,084

 
1,163

Average cost per share
 
$
156.76

 
$
105.52

Value of shares withheld
 
$
1,423,995

 
$
122,720


64

Item 6. Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit
Number
 
 
 
Description of Document
3.1
 
(1)
 
3.2
 
(2)
 
4.1
 
(1)
 
4.2
 
(1)
 
4.3#
 
(3)
 
31.1*
 
 
 
31.2*
 
 
 
32.1*
 
 
 
101.INS*
 
 
 
XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*
 
 
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*
 
 
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*
 
 
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*
 
 
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*
 
 
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 28, 2020 and March 30, 2019, and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
 _____________________________
(1)
Incorporated by reference to the exhibits to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-142171), originally filed on April 17, 2007. The number given in parentheses indicates the corresponding exhibit number in such Form S-1, as amended.
(2)
Incorporated by reference to the exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 30, 2019. The number given in parentheses indicates the corresponding exhibit number in such Form 8-K.
(3)
Incorporated by reference to the exhibit to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed on February 11, 2008. The number given in parentheses indicates the corresponding exhibit number in such Form S-8.
#
Indicates management or compensatory plan.
*
Filed herewith.

65

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
MASIMO CORPORATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: April 28, 2020
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ JOE KIANI
 
 
 
 
 
 
Joe Kiani
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date: April 28, 2020
 
 
 
By:
 
/s/ MICAH YOUNG
 
 
 
 
 
 
Micah Young
 
 
 
 
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

66