MESABI TRUST - Annual Report: 2021 (Form 10-K)

Exhibit 13

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ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE TRUSTEES OF

MESABI TRUST

For The Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2021

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ADDRESS

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Mesabi Trust

c/o Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas

Trust & Agency Services

60 Wall Street, 16th Floor

New York, NY 10005

(904) 271-2520 (telephone)

www.mesabi-trust.com

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REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT

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Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas

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LEGAL COUNSEL

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Fox Rothschild LLP

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REGISTRANT INFORMATION

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Mesabi Trust maintains a website that provides access to its annual, quarterly, and other reports it files with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such reports can be accessed at www.mesabi-trust.com. Mesabi Trust will provide, upon the written request of any Unitholder addressed to the Trustees at the above address and without charge to such Unitholder, (i) a paper copy of Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 (the “Annual Report”) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and (ii) the Trustees Code of Ethics.

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Table of Contents

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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

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This report contains certain forward-looking statements with respect to iron ore pellet production, iron ore pricing and adjustments to pricing, shipments by Northshore during 2021, royalty (including bonus royalty) amounts, and other matters, which statements are intended to be made under the safe harbor protections of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. Actual production, prices, price adjustments, and shipments of iron ore pellets, as well as actual royalty payments (including bonus royalties) could differ materially from current expectations due to inherent risks and uncertainties such as general adverse business and industry economic trends, uncertainties arising from war, terrorist events, the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and other global events, higher or lower customer demand for steel and iron ore, decisions by mine operators regarding curtailments or idling production lines or entire plants, environmental compliance uncertainties, difficulties in obtaining and renewing necessary operating permits, higher imports of steel and iron ore substitutes, processing difficulties, consolidation and restructuring in the domestic steel market, market inputs tied to indexed price adjustment factors found in Cliffs Pellet Agreements resulting in future adjustments to royalties payable to Mesabi Trust and other factors. Further, substantial portions of royalties earned by Mesabi Trust are based on estimated prices that are subject to interim and final adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and are dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors under agreements to which Mesabi Trust is not a party and that are not known until after the end of a contract year. Although the Mesabi Trustees believe that any such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially. Additional information concerning these and other risks and uncertainties is contained under the caption “Risk Factors” in Mesabi Trust’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including this Annual Report. Mesabi Trust undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any of the forward-looking statements made herein to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof.

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OVERVIEW

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Mesabi Trust (“Mesabi Trust” or the “Trust”), formed pursuant to an Agreement of Trust dated July 18, 1961 (the “Agreement of Trust”), is a trust organized under the laws of the State of New York. Mesabi Trust holds all of the interests formerly owned by Mesabi Iron Company (“MIC”), including all right, title and interest in the Amendment of Assignment, Assumption and Further Assignment of Peters Lease (the “Amended Assignment of Peters Lease”), the Amendment of Assignment, Assumption and Further Assignment of Cloquet Lease (the “Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease” and together with the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease, the “Amended Assignment Agreements”), the beneficial interest in a trust organized under the laws of the State of Minnesota to administer the Mesabi Fee Lands (as defined below) as the trust corpus in compliance with the laws of the State of Minnesota on July 18, 1961 (the “Mesabi Land Trust”) and all other assets and property identified in the Agreement of Trust. The Amended Assignment of Peters Lease relates to an Indenture made as of April 30, 1915 among East Mesaba Iron Company (“East Mesaba”), Dunka River Iron Company (“Dunka River”) and Claude W. Peters (the “Peters Lease”) and the Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease relates to an Indenture made May 1, 1916 between Cloquet Lumber Company and Claude W. Peters (the “Cloquet Lease”).

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A pass-through trust with certificates of beneficial interest in the trust traded on the New York Stock Exchange

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Pursuant to a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, which ruling was based on the terms of the Agreement of Trust including the prohibition against conducting any business, the Trust is not taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. Instead, the holders of Certificates of Beneficial Interest in Mesabi Trust (“Unitholders”) are considered “owners” of the Trust and the Trust’s income is taxable directly to the Unitholders. The Certificates of Beneficial Interest in Mesabi Trust are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and is therefore subject to extensive regulation under, among others, the Securities Act

of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”), each as amended, and the rules and regulations of the NYSE.

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Limited authorities and responsibilities of the Trustees

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The Agreement of Trust specifically prohibits the Trustees from entering into or engaging in any business. This prohibition seemingly applies even to business activities the Trustees may deem necessary or proper for the preservation and protection of the Trust Estate (as defined on page 28 of this Annual Report). Accordingly, the Trustees’ activities in connection with the administration of Trust assets are limited to collecting income, paying expenses and liabilities, distributing net income to the Unitholders after the payment of, or provision for, such expenses and liabilities, and protecting and conserving the assets held by the Trust.

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The Trustees do not intend to expand their responsibilities beyond those permitted or required by the Agreement of Trust, the Amendment to the Agreement of Trust dated October 25, 1982 (the “Amendment”), and those required under applicable law. The Trust has no employees, but it engages consultants to assist the Trustees in, among other things, monitoring the volume and sales prices of iron ore products shipped from Silver Bay, Minnesota, based on information supplied to the Trustees by Northshore Mining Company (“Northshore”), the lessee/operator of the lands leased under the Peters Lease and Cloquet Lease (the “Peters Lease Lands” and “Cloquet Lease Lands,” respectively, as further described on page 30 of this Annual Report) and the 20% fee interest of certain lands that are particularly described in, and subject to a mining lease under, the Peters Lease (the “Mesabi Fee Lands,” and together with the Peters Lease Lands and Cloquet Lease Lands, “Mesabi Trust Lands”), and its parent company Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. (“Cliffs”). References to Northshore in this Annual Report, unless the context requires otherwise, are applicable to Cliffs as well.

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The information regarding amounts and sales prices of shipped iron ore products is used to compute the royalties payable to the Trust by Northshore. The Trustees request material information, from time to time, for use in the Trust’s periodic reports and as part of their evaluation of the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures. The Trustees rely on Northshore to provide accurate and timely information for use in the Trust’s periodic and current reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

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Duration and Termination of the Trust

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The Trust is governed by New York trust and estate law, which prohibits creation of any trust estate that suspends the power of alienation by a condition or limitation for a period longer than lives in being at the time of the creation plus a term of twenty-one years. Pursuant to a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, which ruling was based on the terms of the Agreement of Trust including the prohibition against entering into any business, the Trust is not taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.

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Instead, the Unitholders are considered “owners” of the Trust and the Trust’s income is taxable directly to the Unitholders. In accordance with the Agreement of Trust, the Trust may continue to remain in force and effect until twenty-one years after the death of the survivor of twenty-five persons named in an exhibit to the Agreement of Trust. Based upon the results of research conducted by the Trust’s outside legal counsel, as of March 2020, the Trustees believed that there are a number of individuals named in the Agreement of Trust who were also alive as of March 2021, the youngest of whom is believed to be 60 years old.

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The Trust may be terminated earlier at any time by the action of Unitholders holding 75% of the total Units of Beneficial Interest of the Trust as evidenced by any instrument executed by such Unitholders or by such Unitholders’ voting in favor of the termination of the Trust at a duly called and held meeting of the Unitholders.

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RISK FACTORS

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The results of operations and financial condition of the Trust are subject to various risks. Some of these risks are described below, and you should take such risks into account in evaluating the Trust or any investment decision involving the Trust. This section does not describe all risks that may be applicable to the Trust and it is intended only as a summary of certain material risk factors. More detailed information concerning the risk factors described below may also be contained in other sections of this Annual Report.

Risks Related to Pass-Through Trust Structure of Mesabi Trust

The Trustees have no control over the operations, sales and marketing efforts or other activities of Cliffs or Northshore.

Except within the framework of the Amended Assignment Agreements, neither the Trust nor the Trustees have any control over the operations, sales and marketing efforts or other and activities of Cliffs or its wholly-owned subsidiary, Northshore. Accordingly, the royalty income of the Trust is highly dependent upon the activities, investments and operational decisions of Cliffs and Northshore, including temporary or permanent idling of operations, the supply and demand of suppliers and customers in the iron ore and steel industry in the U.S. and internationally, and the terms and conditions of the Amended Assignment Agreements. Northshore, together with Cliffs, without any input or influence from the Trust or the Trustees, control: (i) current operating plans, including iron ore production volumes, marketing of iron ore products, operating and capital expenditures as they relate to Northshore, environmental and other liabilities and the effects of regulatory changes; (ii) plans for Northshore’s future production, operations and capital expenditures, if any; (iii) geological data relating to iron ore reserve estimates; (iv) sales and marketing efforts, and shipments of iron ore products to customers of Cliffs and the extent to which sales of iron ore products are marketed and sold directly to independent third parties; and (v) the terms and conditions, especially related to pricing, price adjustment mechanisms and delivery terms, of the sale of all iron ore products to Cliffs’ customers, including the Cliffs Pellet Agreements (described on page 14 of this Annual Report). Any substantial change in Cliffs’ financial condition or business, or the operations, production and shipments of iron ore products by Northshore, including production curtailments, temporary idling or permanent idling of Northshore operations, about which the Trust may have little or no prior notice, could adversely affect the royalty income of the Trust, as well as the resulting cash available for distribution by the Trust to Unitholders.

Our future royalties could be adversely affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

Our future royalties could be adversely affected by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The spread of this virus has had and may continue to lead to the disruption of the business operations of Cliffs or its wholly-owned subsidiary, Northshore, by impacting the global economy as well as their employees, customers, service providers, vendors and suppliers. During 2020, the coronavirus temporarily curtailed the demand in certain of Cliffs’ end markets. In particular, the automotive industry was severely disrupted during the first half of 2020, which in turn led to Cliffs idling certain mining and production facilities during 2020. While these operations have resumed, we cannot predict whether there will be any disruptions to Cliffs’ business operations in the future as a result of adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the risk that a significant portion of Cliffs’ workforce and on-site contractors will suffer illness or otherwise be unable to perform their ordinary work functions. The extent to which the coronavirus may impact Cliffs’ and Northshore’s business operations is uncertain and will depend on future developments, regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted. These events could have a material adverse effect on the business operations of Cliffs and Northshore, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on future royalties payable to the Trust.

Cliffs’ Annual Report has cited certain economic and market risks, including risks related to the volatility of commodity prices, uncertainty or weakness in global economic conditions, reduced economic growth in China and oversupply of iron ore and excess steel or imported products, any of which could adversely affect Cliffs’ ability to generate revenue, maintain stable cash flows and fund its operations, which in turn could adversely affect Northshore operations and could adversely affect royalties payable to the Trust.

In its annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021 (“Cliffs’ Annual Report”), Cliffs disclosed that, as a mining company, Cliffs’ profitability is dependent upon the price of the steel and iron ore products sold to its customers, and that the price of steel and iron ore has fluctuated significantly in the past and is affected by factors beyond its control including: international demand for raw materials used in steel production; rates of global economic growth, especially construction and infrastructure activity that requires significant amounts of steel; changes in the levels of economic activity in the U.S., China, India, Europe and other industrialized or developing economies; changes in China’s emissions policies and environmental compliance enforcement practices; changes in the production capacity, production rate and inventory levels of other steel producers and iron ore suppliers; changes in trade laws; volumes of unfairly traded imports; imposition or termination of duties, tariffs, import and export controls and other trade barriers impacting the steel and iron ore markets; weather-related disruptions, infectious disease outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or natural disasters that may impact the global supply of steel or iron ore; and the proximity, capacity and cost of infrastructure and transportation. Further, Cliffs stated that its earnings may fluctuate with the prices of the products it sells and the products its customers sell. To the extent that the prices of iron ore and steel, including hot-rolled coil steel price, coated and other specialty steel prices, the Platts 62% Price, pellet premiums and Platts international indexed freight rates, significantly decline for an extended period of time, whether due to the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise, Cliffs may have to revise its operating plans, including curtailing production, reducing operating costs and capital expenditures and discontinuing certain exploration and development programs. Cliffs also disclosed that it may have to take impairments on its goodwill, intangible assets, long-lived assets and/or inventory. Sustained lower prices also could cause Cliffs to reduce existing reserves if certain reserves no longer can be economically mined or processed at prevailing prices. Cliffs may be unable to decrease its costs in an amount sufficient to offset reductions in revenues and may incur losses. These events could have a material adverse effect on Cliffs and, in certain circumstances, could potentially adversely affect Northshore, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on future royalties payable to the Trust.

Cliffs sells a significant portion of its steel products to the automotive market and fluctuations or changes in the automotive market could adversely affect Cliffs’ business operations and financial performance, which in turn could adversely affect the royalties payable to the Trust.

Cliffs’ Annual Report indicated that for the full-year 2020, approximately 40% of AK Steel’s and ArcelorMittal USA’s combined sales were to the automotive market. Beyond these direct sales to the automotive industry, Cliffs makes additional sales to distributors and converters, which may ultimately resell some of that volume to the automotive market. In addition to the size of Cliffs’ exposure to the automotive industry, Cliffs faces risks arising from Cliffs’ relative concentration of sales to certain specific automotive manufacturers, including several significant customers that idled certain automotive production facilities in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, automotive production and sales are cyclical and sensitive to general economic conditions and other factors, including interest rates, consumer credit, and consumer spending and preferences, as well as the current COVID-19 pandemic. If automotive production and sales decline, Cliffs’ sales and shipments to the automotive market are likely to decline in a corresponding manner. Adverse impacts that Cliffs may sustain as a result include, without limitation, lower margins because of the need to sell steel to less profitable customers and markets, higher fixed costs from lower steel production if Cliffs is unable to sell the same amount of steel to other customers and markets, and lower sales, shipments, pricing and margins generally as Cliffs’ competitors face similar challenges and

compete vigorously in other markets that Cliffs serves. These adverse impacts would negatively affect Cliffs’ sales, financial results and cash flows and the trend toward light weighting in the automotive industry, which requires lighter gauges of steel at higher strengths, could result in lower steel volumes required by that industry over time.

Moreover, despite Cliffs’ newly acquired position as the largest flat-rolled steel producer in North America, competition for automotive business has intensified in recent years, as steel producers and companies producing alternative materials have focused their efforts on capturing and/or expanding their market share of automotive business because of less favorable conditions in other markets for steel and other metals, including commodity products and steel for use in the oil and gas markets. As a result, the potential exists that Cliffs may lose market share to existing or new entrants or that automotive manufacturers will take advantage of the intense competition among potential suppliers during annual contract renewal negotiations to pressure Cliffs’ pricing and margins in order to maintain or expand market share with them, which could negatively affect Cliffs’ sales, financial results and cash flows.

These events could have a material adverse effect on Cliffs and, in certain circumstances, could potentially adversely affect Northshore, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on future royalties payable to the Trust.

Severe financial hardship or bankruptcy of one or more of Cliffs’ major customers or key suppliers could adversely affect Cliffs’ business operations and financial performance, which in turn could adversely affect the royalties payable to the Trust.

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Sales and operations of a majority of Cliffs’ customers are sensitive to general economic conditions, especially, with respect to Cliffs’ steel customers, as they affect the North American automotive, housing, construction, appliance, energy and other industries. Some of Cliffs’ customers are highly leveraged. If there is a significant weakening of current economic conditions, whether because of operational, cyclical or other issues, including the COVID-19 pandemic, it could impact significantly the creditworthiness of Cliffs’ customers and lead to other financial difficulties or even bankruptcy filings by Cliffs’ customers. Failure to receive payment for products that Cliffs has delivered could adversely affect Cliffs’ results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. The concentration of customers in a specific industry, such as the automotive industry, may increase Cliffs’ risk because of the likelihood that circumstances may affect multiple customers at the same time. For example, during the first half of 2020, the automotive industry was significantly disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which concurrently adversely impacted multiple customers. Such events could cause Cliffs to experience lost sales or losses associated with the potential inability to collect all outstanding accounts receivable and reduced liquidity. Similarly, if Cliffs’ key suppliers face financial hardship or need to operate in bankruptcy, such suppliers could experience operational disruption or even face liquidation, which could result in Cliffs’ inability to secure replacement raw materials on a timely basis, or at all, or cause Cliffs to incur increased costs to do so. Such events could adversely impact Cliffs’ operations, financial results and cash flows, which in turn could adversely affect the royalties payable to the Trust.

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U.S. government actions regarding its trade policies may have a material adverse impact on Cliffs’ business, which could adversely affect Cliffs’ ability to generate revenue, which in turn could adversely affect royalties payable to the Trust.

In recent years, the U.S. government has altered its approach to international trade policy, both generally and with respect to matters directly and indirectly affecting the steel industry, including by undertaking certain unilateral actions affecting trade, renegotiating existing bilateral or multilateral trade agreements, and entering into new agreements or treaties with foreign countries. For example, in March 2018, the U.S. government issued a proclamation pursuant to Section 232 imposing a 25% tariff on imported steel that was being unfairly traded by certain foreign competitors at artificially low prices. In retaliation

against the Section 232 tariffs, the European Union subsequently imposed its own tariffs against certain steel products and other goods imported from the U.S. Moreover, in light of the U.S. government leadership changes resulting from the November 2020 federal congressional and presidential elections, it is currently uncertain what changes, if any, the U.S. government may make to its recent tariff and trade policies and priorities. If, for example, the Section 232 tariffs are removed or substantially lessened, whether through legal challenge, legislation, executive action or otherwise, imports of foreign steel would likely increase and steel prices in the U.S. would likely fall, which could materially adversely affect Cliffs’ sales, financial results and cash flows.

In addition, during 2020, the USMCA was implemented among the U.S., Mexico and Canada in place of the North American Free Trade Agreement. Because all of Cliffs’ steel manufacturing facilities are located in North America and one of Cliffs’ principal markets is automotive manufacturing in North America, Cliffs believes that the USMCA has the potential to positively impact its business by incentivizing automakers and other manufacturers to increase manufacturing production in North America and to use North American steel. However, it is difficult to predict the short- and long-term implications of changes in trade policy and, therefore, whether the USMCA or other new or renegotiated trade agreements, treaties, laws, regulations or policies that may be implemented in connection with the recent U.S. government leadership changes, or otherwise, will have a beneficial or detrimental impact on Cliffs’ business and its customers’ and suppliers’ businesses. Adverse effects could occur directly from a disruption to trade and commercial transactions and/or indirectly by adversely affecting the U.S. economy or certain sectors of the economy, impacting demand for Cliffs’ customers’ products and, in turn, negatively affecting demand for Cliffs’ products. Important links of the supply chain for some of Cliffs’ key customers, including automotive manufacturers, could be negatively impacted by the USMCA or other new or renegotiated trade agreements, treaties, laws, regulations or policies. Any of these actions and their direct and indirect impacts could materially adversely affect Cliffs’ sales, financial results and cash flows which, in certain circumstances, could potentially adversely affect Northshore.

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Although Cliffs may currently benefit from certain antidumping and countervailing duty orders, any such relief is subject to periodic reviews and challenges, which can result in revocation of the orders or reduction of the duties. In addition, previously granted and future petitions for trade relief may not be successful or fully effective at preventing harm. Even if received, it is uncertain if any relief will be continued in the future or will be adequate to counteract completely the harmful effects of unfairly traded imports.

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As a result, certain events could have a material adverse effect on Cliffs and, in certain circumstances, could potentially adversely affect Northshore, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on future royalties payable to the Trust, and the Trustees are not able to predict the impact that changing U.S. trade policy, or its results and/or consequences, will have on future royalties payable to the Trust.

Global steelmaking overcapacity, steel imports and oversupply of iron ore could lead to lower or more volatile global steel and iron ore prices, impacting Cliffs’ profitability, which in turn could adversely affect royalties payable to the Trust.

Significant global steel capacity and new or expanded production capacity in North America in recent years has caused and continues to cause capacity to exceed demand globally, as well as in Cliffs’ primary markets in North America. Although certain of Cliffs’ U.S. competitors temporarily shut down production capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic, a restart of previously idled capacity and the development of new capacity by Cliffs’ U.S. competitors has occurred in recent months and may occur in the future in connection with any economic recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, foreign competitors have substantially increased their steel production capacity in the last few years and in some instances appear to have targeted the U.S. market for imports. Also, some foreign economies, such as China, have slowed relative to recent historical norms, resulting in an increased volume of steel products that cannot be consumed

by industries in those foreign steel producers’ own countries. The risk of even greater levels of imports may continue, depending upon foreign market and economic conditions, changes in trade agreements and treaties, laws, regulations or government policies affecting trade, the value of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies and other variables beyond Cliffs’ control. A significant further increase in domestic steel capacity or foreign imports could adversely affect Cliffs’ sales, financial results and cash flows. In addition, recent increases in the market prices of iron ore products could cause new producers to enter the market or existing producers to expand productive capacity. Excess iron ore supply combined with reduced global steel demand, including in China, could lead to lower iron ore prices, which would typically contribute to lower steel prices, as iron ore is a principal steelmaking raw material. Downward pressure on iron ore and/or steel prices could have an adverse effect on Cliffs’ results of operations, financial condition and profitability, which in turn could adversely affect royalties payable to the Trust.

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Due to the lack of industry and geographic diversification, adverse developments in the iron ore mining industry could adversely impact the Trust’s financial condition and reduce its ability to make distributions to the Trust’s Unitholders.

Substantially all of the revenue, operating profits and assets of the Trust relate to one business segment—iron ore mining. In addition, the principal assets of the Trust consist of two different interests in certain properties in the Mesabi Iron Range located in northern Minnesota. This concentration could disproportionally expose the Trust’s interests to operational and regulatory risks in that area. Due to the lack of diversification in industry type and location of the Trust’s interests, adverse developments in the iron ore markets or at the location of the Trust’s real estate interests could have a significantly greater impact on the Trust’s financial condition, results of operations and royalty revenues than if the Trust’s interests were more diversified.

Royalties received by the Trust, and distributions paid to Unitholders, in any particular quarter or year are not necessarily indicative of royalties or distributions that will be paid in any subsequent quarter or in any full year.

Royalties received by the Trust can fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year based upon market prices for iron ore products, the level of orders for iron ore products from Cliffs’ customers, the sales and marketing efforts of Cliffs, the consumption of inventory by Cliffs’ customers, and production decisions made by Northshore. Moreover, because some of the royalties paid to the Trust in any particular quarter include payments made with respect to pellets shipped and sold at estimated prices that are subject to future interim and final multi-year adjustments in accordance with the supply agreements between Cliffs and its customers, a downward trend in demand and market prices for iron and steel products could result in negative adjustments to royalties in future quarters, some of which may be significant. These negative price adjustments could have a material adverse effect on the Trust’s royalty income, which in time could result in lower quarterly distributions paid by the Trust to Unitholders, and possibly reduce or even eliminate funds available for distribution in any quarter and in some quarters may completely offset royalties otherwise payable to the Trust.

Due to the factors described above, cash available for distribution to Unitholders in future quarters could materially decrease, and in some cases, such decrease could result in little or no cash being available for distribution to Unitholders. As a result, royalties received by the Trust generally can fluctuate materially from quarter to quarter and year to year. As a result, distributions that may be declared and paid to Unitholders, in any particular quarter, are not necessarily indicative of royalties that will be received, or distributions that will be paid, in any subsequent quarter or in any full year. Based on the foregoing and the current uncertainty in the economic environment, the Trust cannot ensure that there will be adequate cash available to make a distribution to Unitholders in any particular quarter.

Cliffs’ Annual Report has disclosed certain financial risks, including risks related to Cliffs’ existing and future level of indebtedness, risks related to potential limitations on its ability to invest in the ongoing needs of its business, risks concerning its ability to generate sufficient cash flow to service all of its debt, and risks related to adverse changes in credit ratings, which may adversely affect its cost of financing.

Cliffs’ Annual Report has disclosed that (i) it dedicates a portion of its cash flow from operations to the payment of debt service, reducing the availability of its cash flow to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions or other strategic development initiatives and other general corporate purposes, (ii) if it is unable to service its debt service obligations, it may face substantial liquidity problems and may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital, including additional secured or unsecured debt, or restructure or refinance its debt, and (iii) credit rating agencies could downgrade Cliffs’ ratings either due to various developments, including its merger with AK Steel or acquisition of ArcelorMittal USA, incurring additional indebtedness and other factors specific to its business, a prolonged cyclical downturn in the steel and mining industry, whether due to the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise, or macroeconomic trends (such as global or regional recessions), and trends in credit and capital markets more generally, which would may result in an increase to its cost of financing and limit its access to the capital markets, which would harm its financial condition, and hinder its ability to refinance existing indebtedness on acceptable terms, and the terms under which it purchases goods and services.

Cliffs’ Annual Report also disclosed that if it is unable to service its debt obligations, it could face substantial liquidity problems and may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital, including additional secured or unsecured debt, or restructure or finance its debt, and may be unable to continue as a going concern.

These potential circumstances, if they become real developments, could have a material adverse effect on Cliffs and Northshore, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on royalties paid to the Trust in the future.

Equipment failures and other unexpected events at Northshore may lead to production curtailments or shutdown.

Interruptions in production capabilities at the mine operated by Northshore may have an adverse impact on the royalties payable to the Trust. In addition to planned production shutdowns or curtailments and equipment failures, the Northshore facilities are also subject to the risk of loss due to unanticipated events such as fires, explosions or extreme weather conditions. For example, the temporary production shutdowns in the automotive industry during 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated reduction in demand for Cliffs’ products led to Cliffs’ decision to temporarily idle certain steelmaking facilities and iron ore mines. The manufacturing processes that take place in Northshore’s mining operations, as well as in Northshore’s crushing, concentrating and pelletizing facilities, depend on critical pieces of equipment, such as drilling and blasting equipment, crushers, grinding mills, pebble mills, thickeners, separators, filters, mixers, furnaces, kilns and rolling equipment, as well as electrical equipment, such as transformers. It is possible that this equipment may, on occasion, be out of service because of unanticipated failures or unforeseeable acts of vandalism or terrorism. In addition, because the Northshore processing facilities have been in operation for several decades, some of the equipment is aged. Because the Trustees have no control over the operations or maintenance of the equipment at Northshore, a shutdown or reduction in capacity may come with little or no advance warning. The remediation of any interruption in production capability at Northshore could require Cliffs to make large capital expenditures which may take place over an extended period of time. According to Cliffs’ Annual Report, if Cliffs’ cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund its debt service obligations, it may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures. Any additional idling, shutdown, reduction in operations, or production curtailment at Northshore would likely adversely affect the royalties payable to the Trust.

The mining operations of Northshore are subject to extensive governmental regulations and Northshore is subject to risks related to its compliance with federal and state environmental regulations.

Northshore, as the operator of the mine on Mesabi Trust Lands, is subject to various international, foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to protection of the environment and human health and safety, including those relating to air quality, water pollution, plant, wetlands, natural resources and wildlife protection (including endangered and threatened species), reclamation, remediation and restoration of properties and related surety bonds or other financial assurances, land use, the discharge of materials into the environment, and the effects that industrial operations and mining has on groundwater quality, conductivity and availability, the management of electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls, and other related matters. Northshore is required to maintain numerous permits and approvals issued by federal and state regulatory agencies and its mining operations are subject to inspection and regulation by the Mine Safety and Health Administration of the United States Department of Labor (“MSHA”) under the provisions of the Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) has jurisdiction over safety and health standards not covered by MSHA and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (“MPCA”) regulates various aspects of Northshore’s operations. Northshore may from time to time be involved in disputes or litigation with the regulatory agencies over certain aspects of its operation but because the Trust has no control over Northshore’s operations, the potential impact of these proceedings cannot be determined. Moreover, Northshore is solely responsible for its compliance with all laws, regulations or permits applicable to Northshore’s operations and Northshore may at times fail to operate in compliance with such laws, regulations and permits. The Trust has no ability to control or determine whether Northshore has been or will in the future operate in compliance with such laws and regulations. If Northshore fails to comply with these laws, regulations or permits, it could be subject to fines or other sanctions, any of which could have an adverse effect on its operations and its ability to ship iron ore products from Silver Bay, Minnesota, which could, in turn, have a material adverse effect on the royalties paid to the Trust.

TMDL (a regulatory term describing a value of the maximum amount of a pollutant that a body of water can receive while still meeting water quality standards under the Clean Water Act) regulations are contained in the Clean Water Act and, as a part of Minnesota’s Mercury TMDL Implementation Plan, in cooperation with the MPCA, the taconite industry developed a Taconite Mercury Reduction Strategy and signed a voluntary agreement to effectuate its terms. The strategy includes a 72% target reduction of mercury air emissions from Minnesota pellet plants collectively by 2025. For Cliffs, the requirements in the voluntary agreement do not apply to Northshore. Late in 2013, however, Minnesota published a draft mercury control rule that would require annual mercury emissions reporting and could require installation of mercury emission control equipment on all Cliffs’ Minnesota facilities including those of Northshore. On September 22, 2014, Minnesota promulgated the Mercury Air Emissions Reporting and Reduction Rule mandating mercury air emissions reporting and reduction. The adopted rule expanded applicability to all of Cliffs’ Minnesota operations and required (i) a 70% reduction of mercury emissions from Northshore’s industrial boilers by January 1, 2018, and (ii) by the end of 2018, the submission of a plan to reduce mercury emissions by 72% from all of Cliffs’ Minnesota taconite furnaces, with such plan implementation requirements to become effective on January 1, 2025. Cliffs expressed its concerns about the technical and economic feasibility to reduce taconite mercury emissions by 72% and conducted detailed engineering analyses to determine the impact of the regulations on each unique iron ore indurating furnace affected by the Mercury Air Emissions Reporting and Reduction Rule. Cliffs’ Annual Report states that one of the main tenets agreed upon for evaluating potential mercury reduction technologies during TMDL implementation and the 2014 rule development proceedings was that the selected technology must meet the following “Adaptive Management Criteria”: the technology (i) must be technically feasible; (ii) must be economically feasible; (iii) must not impact pellet quality; and (iv) must not cause excessive corrosion in the indurating furnaces or air pollution control equipment. According to Cliffs’ Annual Report, there is currently no proven technology to cost-effectively reduce mercury emissions from taconite furnaces to the target level of 72% that would meet all four Adaptive Management Criteria. Cliffs submitted its mercury reduction plans for its Minnesota

facilities to the MPCA in December 2018. In 2020, the MPCA provided comments on the plans and Cliffs responded in a timely manner.

The Trustees are unable to predict what impact, if any, the Mercury Air Emissions Reporting and Reduction Rule will have on production and shipments of iron ore products from Northshore or future royalties payable to the Trust.

The Trust does not control the portion of Northshore’s shipments that will come from iron ore mined from Mesabi Trust Lands.

The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions at Northshore and Northshore alone determines whether to mine from Mesabi Trust Lands or state-owned lands, based on its current production estimates and engineering plan. Northshore’s mining operations include Mesabi Trust Lands and mineral-producing land owned by the State of Minnesota and others. Iron ore mined by Northshore from lands other than Mesabi Trust Lands is processed, along with iron ore mined from Mesabi Trust Lands, in Northshore-owned crushing, concentrating and pelletizing facilities and is separately accounted for on a periodic basis. Northshore also has the ability to process and ship iron ore products from lands other than Mesabi Trust Lands. In certain circumstances, the Trust may be entitled to royalties on those other shipments, but not in all cases. In general, the Trust will receive higher royalties (assuming all other factors are equal) if a higher percentage of shipments is from Mesabi Trust Lands. The percentages of shipments from Mesabi Trust Lands were 92.3%, 89.6%, 89.8%, 92.6%, 99.6%, 88.9% and 90.8% in calendar years 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. If Northshore decides to materially reduce the percentage of iron ore mined, or pellets shipped, from Mesabi Trust Lands, the income of the Trust could be materially adversely affected.

The Trust relies on Cliffs’ estimates of recoverable reserves, and if those estimates are inaccurate, the total potential future royalty stream to the Trust and distributions payable to Unitholders may be materially adversely affected.

The Trustees do not participate in preparing the recoverable iron ore reserve estimates reported by Cliffs. According to Cliffs’ Annual Report, Cliffs regularly evaluates its iron ore reserves based on revenues and costs and updates them as required in accordance with SEC regulations. Additionally, according to Cliffs’ Annual Report, Cliffs indicated that it will also update its iron ore reserve estimates to comply (to the extent it is not already compliant) with Final Rule 13-10570, Modernization of Property Disclosures for Mining Registrants, adopted in October 2018 and compliance with which will be required beginning no later than its fiscal year beginning January 1, 2021. In 2018, the Trustees engaged an independent firm of geological experts to evaluate the process Cliffs uses to estimate the recoverable iron ore reserves at the Peter Mitchell Mine. Still, there are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of reserves of mineral producing lands and such estimates necessarily depend upon a number of variable factors and assumptions, such as production capacity, effects of regulations by governmental agencies, future prices for iron ore, future industry conditions and operating costs, severance and excise taxes, development costs and costs of extraction and reclamation costs. All of these factors are outside of the control and influence of the Trustees. Actual reserves will likely vary from estimates, and if such variances are negative and material, the expected royalties payable to the Trust could be materially adversely affected and the value of the Trust’s Units could decline.

Cliffs has disclosed certain operational risks, including risks that could arise related to substantial costs from idled production capacity, announced and potential mine closures and risks related to its ability to transport its products to customers at competitive rates and in a timely manner.

According to Cliffs’ Annual Report, Cliffs indicated that its decisions concerning which facilities to operate and at what production levels are made based in part upon its customers’ orders for products, as well

as the quality, performance capabilities and production cost of its operations. During depressed market conditions, Cliffs may concentrate production at certain facilities and not operate others in response to customer demand and as a result Cliffs would incur idle costs that could offset its anticipated savings from not operating the idled facility. For example, due to reduced demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, certain of Cliffs’ steelmaking facilities and iron ore mines were temporarily idled during portions of 2020. When Cliffs restarts idled facilities, it incurs certain costs to replenish inventories, prepare the previously idled facilities for operation, perform the required repair and maintenance activities, and prepare employees to return to work safely and resume production responsibilities. The amount of any such costs can be material, depending on a variety of factors, such as the period of idle time, necessary repairs and available employees, and is difficult to project.

Cliffs also disclosed that in its iron ore operations, disruption of the lake, rail and/or trucking transportation services due to weather-related problems, climate change, strikes, lock-outs, driver shortages and other disruptions in the trucking industry, rail network constraints, global or domestic pandemics or epidemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) or other infectious disease outbreaks, in each case causing a business disruption, or other events and lack of alternative transportation sources could impair Cliffs’ ability to move products internally amount its facilities and to supply products to its customers at competitive rates or in a timely manner, and thus, could adversely affect its sales, margins and profitability.

These events could have a material adverse effect on Cliffs and potentially Northshore, which in turn, could have a material adverse effect on royalties paid to the Trust in the future.

Certain risk factors affecting Cliffs’ North American Iron Ore business generally, and Northshore operations in particular, could have a material adverse effect on the royalties payable to the Trust.

Because substantially all of the Trust’s revenue is derived from iron ore products shipped by Northshore from Silver Bay, Northshore’s iron ore pellet processing and shipping activities directly impact the Trust’s revenues in each quarter and each year. According to Cliffs’ Annual Report, a number of risk factors affect Cliffs’ operations and could impact Northshore’s production and shipment volume. Cliffs’ Annual Report identified the following seven categories of risk to which Cliffs is subject: (i) economic and market, (ii) regulatory, (iii) financial, (iv) operational, (v) development and sustainability, and (vi) human capital. These risk factors include, among others, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the volatility of commodity prices, concentration of business in the automotive market, global steelmaking overcapacity, severe financial hardship or bankruptcy of major customers or key suppliers, U.S. government trade policies, extensive governmental regulations relating to the environment and human health and the costs and risks related thereto, use of hazardous materials, inability to obtain, maintain or renew operational permits, financial risks associated with existing and future indebtedness, changes in credit ratings, risk related to recent merger with AK Steel or acquisition of ArcelorMittal USA, dependence on certain raw materials and energy sources, closures of facilities, availability of lake freighters, production at Northshore’s mining operations, natural disasters, shipping conditions in the Great Lakes and production at Northshore’s pelletizing/processing facility. Specifically, if any portion of Northshore’s pelletizing lines becomes idle for any reason, production, shipments and, consequently, the royalties payable to the Trust could be materially adversely affected.

Furthermore, other events such as terrorist acts, conflicts, wars and geopolitical uncertainties, whether or not occurring in or involving, directly or indirectly, the United States, may cause serious harm to Cliffs’ and/or Northshore’s business, operations and revenue. The potential for the occurrence of any of these types of events has created global and domestic economic and political uncertainties. If any of these types of events were to occur, the results would be unpredictable, but may include decreases in demand for iron ore, difficulties related to shipping of iron ore products to Cliffs’ customers, and delays and inefficiencies in Cliffs’ supply chain. The Trust is uninsured, and cannot obtain insurance, for losses and interruptions caused by any of these types of events.

Certain risks arising from Cliffs’ merger with AK Steel and acquisition of ArcelorMittal USA may impact Cliffs’ financial condition and operating results as well as its operations, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on future royalties payable to the Trust.

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During 2020, Cliffs completed both the merger with AK Steel and acquisition of ArcelorMittal USA. Cliffs’ Annual Report disclosed a number of risks and uncertainties related to the acquisitions, including, the following: (i) inability to realize anticipated synergies or other expected benefits or cost savings; (ii) additional debt incurred or assumed in connection with the acquisitions could limit Cliffs’ financial flexibility, including Cliffs’ ability to acquire additional assets and make further strategic investments in the future; (iii) diversion of financial resources to the new operations or acquired businesses; (iv) assumption of substantial additional environmental exposures, commitments, contingencies and remediation and reclamation projects; (v) liabilities for acquired pension and OPEB obligations, which could require Cliffs to make significant cash expenditures and funding contributions in excess of current estimates and contribution rates; (vi) impairment of recorded tangible and intangible asset values, including goodwill, could result in material non-cash charges to Cliffs’ results of operations in the future; (vii) failure to successfully integrate acquired systems, business processes, policies and procedures; (viii) exposure to unknown liabilities and unforeseen costs that were not discovered during due diligence; (ix) loss of human capital resources and support services historically provided by ArcelorMittal and potential failure of ArcelorMittal or its affiliates to perform under various contracts entered into in connection with the ArcelorMittal USA transaction, including the intellectual property license agreement, slab supply agreement and transition services agreement, which could adversely impact Cliffs’ integration of the ArcelorMittal USA operations; (x) potential loss of key employees, suppliers or customers; and (xi) other challenges associated with managing the larger, more complex and integrated combined businesses. In addition, Cliffs issued shares of Series B Preferred Stock to an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of ArcelorMittal in connection with the closing of the transaction. Pursuant to the terms of the Series B Preferred Stock, from and after the 24-month anniversary of the issue date of the Series B Preferred Stock (the “24-Month Anniversary”), each holder of a share of Series B Preferred Stock is entitled to receive cash dividends (the “Additional Dividends”) that will accrue and compound at a significant rate. Although the Series B Preferred Stock is redeemable at Cliffs’ option 180 days after the issue date, the agreements governing Cliffs’ debt may restrict Cliffs from paying the redemption price at any given time. If Cliffs is unable to redeem the Series B Preferred Stock prior to the 24-Month Anniversary and Cliffs becomes obligated to pay the Additional Dividends, Cliffs may be required to divert financial resources from its operations or borrow additional debt in order to satisfy such obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on Cliffs’ business, financial condition and results of operations. All of these risks could have a material adverse effect on Cliffs’ financial condition and operating results, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on future royalties payable to the Trust.

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We are dependent upon third party information technology systems, which are subject to cyber threats, disruption, damage and failure.

We are dependent upon third party information systems and other technologies, including those related to our financial and operational management and those related to Cliffs’ and Northshore’s financial and operational management. Network and information systems-related events, such as computer hackings, cyber-attacks, ransomware, computer viruses, worms or other destructive or disruptive software, process breakdowns, denial of service attacks, malicious social engineering or other malicious activities, or any combination of the foregoing, or power outages, natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other similar events, could result in damage to our information and data that is stored or transmitted by our third party vendors or damage or disruption to Cliffs’ or Northshore’s business operations. Any security breaches, such as computer viruses and more sophisticated and targeted cyber-related attacks, as well as misappropriation, misuse, leakage, falsification or accidental release or loss of information maintained in these information technology systems could result in significant losses and damage to our reputation, or the reputations of Northshore and/or Cliffs, and require us, Northshore or Cliffs to expend significant capital and other resources to remedy

any such security breach. There can be no assurance that these events and security breaches will not occur in the future or not ultimately have an adverse effect on the royalties payable to the Trust.

Risks Related to Human Capital

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The Trustees are not subject to annual election and, as a result, the ability of the holders of Trust Certificates to influence the policies of the Trust may be limited.

Directors of a corporation are generally subject to election at each annual meeting of shareholders or, in the case of staggered boards, at regular intervals. However, under the Agreement of Trust, the Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of holders of Trust Certificates to elect Trustees and Trustees generally hold office until their death, resignation or disqualification. As a result, the ability of holders of Trust Certificates to effect changes in the composition of those serving as Trustees and the policies of the Trust is significantly more limited than that of the shareholders of a corporation.

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Royalties payable to the Trust could be materially adversely affected by the failure of the Trust’s independent consultants to competently perform.

As permitted by the terms of the Agreement of Trust and the Amendment, the Trustees are authorized to, and in fact do, rely upon certain independent consultants to assist the Trustees in carrying out and fulfilling their obligations as Trustees. Independent consultants perform a variety of services for the Trust, render advice and produce reports with respect to monthly production and shipments, which include figures on crude iron ore production, iron ore pellet production, iron ore pellet shipments, and discussions concerning the condition and accuracy of the scales used to weigh iron ore pellets produced at Northshore’s facilities. The Trustees have also retained an accounting firm to provide non-audit services, including preparing financial statements, reviewing financial data related to shipping and sales reports provided by Northshore and reviewing the schedule of leasehold and fee royalties payable to the Trust. The Trustees believe that the independent consultants engaged by the Trust are qualified to perform the services and functions assigned to them. Nevertheless, any negligence or the failure of any such independent consultants to competently perform could materially adversely affect the royalties to be received by the Trust.

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General Risk Factors

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The Trust is subject to disputes from time to time that could result in litigation, arbitration or other administrative proceedings that could adversely affect the Trust’s operating results and financial condition and the market value of Mesabi Trust Units.

The Trust may become involved in litigation, arbitration or other administrative proceedings from time to time. These proceedings can be costly, and the results of such proceedings are often difficult to predict. The Trust may not have adequate insurance coverage or contractual protection to cover costs and liability in the event we are sued, and to the extent we resort to litigation, arbitration or other administrative proceedings to enforce our rights, we may incur significant costs and ultimately be unsuccessful or unable to recover amounts we believe are owed to us or unable to resolve the matter on favorable terms.

More specifically on December 9, 2019, the Trustees of Mesabi Trust announced that the Trust initiated arbitration against Northshore, the lessee/operator of the leased lands, and its parent, Cliffs. The arbitration proceeding was commenced with the American Arbitration Association. The Trust asserts claims concerning the calculation of royalties related to the production, shipment and sale of iron ore, including DR-grade pellets. More particularly, the claims involve the Trust’s allegations that Northshore and Cliffs have improperly manipulated royalty amounts with respect to DR-grade pellets by orchestrating isolated sale transactions of low silica iron ore into international markets at prices significantly below standard pellet pricing. The allegations include failure by Northshore and Cliffs to provide timely and contract-based access

to information and individuals necessary to evaluate compliance with the royalty agreement. Based on information currently available to the Trust, the Trust seeks an award of damages, along with specific performance and declaratory relief. During 2020, the parties appointed a three-member arbitration panel and engaged in discovery. The arbitration hearing is scheduled for May 2021.

Any arbitration, legal or administrative proceedings to which the Mesabi Trust is subject could require the significant involvement of Trustees and the professional advisors and consultants to the Trust, and may divert attention from the Trustees’ other roles and responsibilities. In addition, it is difficult to foresee the results of legal actions, arbitration matters and other proceedings currently involving the Mesabi Trust or of those which may arise in the future, and an adverse result in these matters could have a material adverse effect on the market value of Mesabi Trust units and on Mesabi Trust’s asset value, royalty income, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to the continued listing criteria of the NYSE, and our failure to satisfy these criteria may result in delisting of our Units.

Our Units are currently listed for trading on the NYSE. In order to maintain the listing, we must maintain certain objective standards such as Unit prices and a minimum number of public Unitholders. In addition to objective standards, the NYSE may delist the securities of any issuer using subjective standards such as, if in the NYSE’s opinion, the issuer’s financial condition and/or operating results appear unsatisfactory or if any event occurs or any condition exists which makes continued listing on the NYSE inadvisable.

If the NYSE delists our Units, Unitholders may face material adverse consequences, including, but not limited to, a lack of trading market for our Units and reduced liquidity.

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OVERVIEW OF TRUST’S ROYALTY STRUCTURE

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Leasehold royalty income constitutes the principal source of the Trust’s revenue. The income of the Trust is highly dependent upon the activities and operations of Northshore. Royalty rates and the resulting royalty payments received by the Trust are determined in accordance with the terms of the Trust’s leases and assignments of leases.

Three types of royalties, as well as royalty bonuses, comprise the Trust’s leasehold royalty income:

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The current royalty rate schedule became effective on August 17, 1989 pursuant to the Amended Assignment Agreements, which the Trust entered into with Cyprus Northshore Mining Corporation (“Cyprus NMC”). Pursuant to the Amended Assignment Agreements, overriding royalties are determined by both the volume and selling price of iron ore products shipped. In 1994, Cyprus NMC was sold by its parent corporation to Cliffs and renamed Northshore Mining Company. Cliffs now operates Northshore as a wholly-owned subsidiary.

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Under the relevant agreements, Northshore has the right to mine and ship iron ore products from lands other than Mesabi Trust Lands. Northshore alone determines whether to conduct mining operations on Mesabi Trust Lands and/or such other lands based on its current mining and engineering plan. The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions. To encourage the use of iron ore products from Mesabi Trust Lands, Mesabi Trust receives royalties on stated percentages of iron ore shipped from Silver Bay, whether or not the iron ore products are from Mesabi Trust Lands. Mesabi Trust receives royalties at the greater of (i) the aggregate quantity of iron ore products shipped that were mined from Mesabi Trust Lands, and (ii) a portion of the aggregate quantity of all iron ore products shipped from Silver Bay that were mined from any lands, such portion being 90% of the first four million tons shipped from Silver Bay during such year, 85% of the next two million tons shipped during such year, and 25% of all tonnage shipped during such year in excess of six million tons. The royalty percentage paid to the Trust increases as the aggregate

tonnage of iron ore products shipped, attributable to the Trust, in any calendar year increases past each of the first four one-million ton volume thresholds. Assuming a consistent sales price per ton throughout a calendar year, shipments of iron ore product attributable to the Trust later in the year generate a higher royalty to the Trust, as total shipments for the year exceed increasing levels of royalty percentages and pass each of the first four one-million ton volume thresholds.

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Royalty income, which constitutes the principal source of the Trust’s revenue, comprised 99.1% to 99.9% of the Trust’s total revenue in each of the fiscal years ended January 31, 2021, January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019. A more complete discussion of royalty rates and the manner in which they are determined is set forth under the headings “Leasehold Royalties” and “Land Trust and Fee Royalties,” in this Annual Report.

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During the course of its fiscal year some portion of royalties expected to be paid to Mesabi Trust is based in part on estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements. The Cliffs Pellet Agreements use estimated prices which are subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, which can be positive or negative, and which adjustments are dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors that are not known until after the end of a contract year. Even though Mesabi Trust is not a party to the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, these adjustments can result in significant variations in royalties payable to Mesabi Trust (and in turn the resulting amount available for distribution to Unitholders by the Trust) from quarter to quarter and on a comparative historical basis, and these variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by the Trust. In either case, these price adjustments will impact future royalties payable to the Trust and, in turn, will impact cash reserves that become available for distribution to Unitholders.

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According to Cliffs’ Annual Report, sales volumes under most of its multi-year supply agreements with Cliffs’ customers are largely dependent on customer requirements and contain a base price that is adjusted annually using one or more adjustment factors. The factors that could result in price adjustments under Cliffs’ customer contracts include changes in the Platts 62% Price, hot-rolled coil steel price, the Atlantic Basin pellet premium, published Platts international indexed freight rates and changes in specified producer price indices, including those for industrial commodities, fuel and steel.

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As also described elsewhere in this Annual Report, the Trust receives a bonus royalty equal to a percentage of the gross proceeds of iron ore products (mined from Mesabi Trust lands) shipped from Silver Bay and sold at prices above the Adjusted Threshold Price. Although 96.8% all of the iron ore products shipped from Silver Bay during calendar 2020 were sold at prices higher than the Adjusted Threshold Price, the Trustees are unable to project whether Cliffs will continue to be able to sell iron ore products at prices above the applicable Adjusted Threshold Price, entitling the Trust to any future bonus royalty payments.

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Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, the Corporate Trustee, performs certain administrative functions for Mesabi Trust. The Trust maintains a website at www.mesabi-trust.com. The Trust makes available (free of charge) its annual, quarterly and current reports (and any amendments thereto) filed with the SEC through its website as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing or furnishing such material with or to the SEC.

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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

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TRUSTEES’ DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL

CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

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Results of Operations

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Comparison of Iron Ore Pellet Production and Shipments for the Fiscal Years Ended January 31, 2021, January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019

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During fiscal 2021, production attributed to Trust lands totaled approximately 3.4 million tons, a decrease of 29.3% as compared to production for fiscal year 2020 and a decrease of 32.5% as compared to production for fiscal 2019. Shipments to Northshore’s customers attributed to the Trust totaled approximately 3.5 million tons during fiscal 2021. This represents a decrease of 24.1% as compared to shipments for fiscal year 2020 and a decrease of 30.9% as compared to shipments for fiscal year 2019. The table below, which is based on information provided to the Trust by Northshore, shows the total production and total shipments of iron ore pellets from Mesabi Trust lands during the prior three fiscal years.

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Production of iron ore pellets for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 decreased 1.8% as compared to production of iron ore pellets for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020 due primarily to a decrease in orders from Northshore’s customers as they adjusted production based on anticipated future demand from their customers. Shipments of iron ore pellets by Northshore during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 decreased by 31.1% as compared to shipments of iron ore pellets during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. The decrease in shipments in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021 was caused by a decrease in demand from Northshore’s customers during the quarter.

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The table below shows the change in the percentages of production and shipments from lands owned or leased by Mesabi Trust versus the percentages of production and shipments from lands owned by the State of Minnesota and others for the most recent three fiscal years.

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As is the case with the volume of shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota, the Trustees cannot predict what percentage of production or shipments will be attributable to iron ore mined from Mesabi Trust lands in fiscal 2022. However, pursuant to the Amendment, Mesabi Trust will be credited with at least 90% of the first four million tons of iron ore pellets shipped from Silver Bay, Minnesota in each calendar year, at least 85% of the next two million tons of pellets shipped from Silver Bay, Minnesota in each calendar year, and at least 25% of all tons of pellets shipped from Silver Bay, Minnesota in each calendar year in excess of six million tons.

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Comparison of Financial Results for Fiscal Years ended January 31, 2021 and January 31, 2020

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Royalty Income

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As shown in the table below, in fiscal 2021 base royalties decreased by 21.9%, bonus royalties decreased by 12.1% and fee royalties decreased by 31.1%, each as compared to fiscal 2020. Accordingly, the Trust’s total royalty income decreased by 18.3% in fiscal 2021 as compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease in royalties received by the Trust is primarily the result of a decrease in tons shipped in fiscal 2021, as compared to fiscal 2020.

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The royalty amounts set forth in the table above include pricing adjustments made to royalty payments previously received by the Trust based on shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota during prior calendar years. Depending on the year, the volume of shipments, and the interim and final price paid to the Trust for shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota, the price adjustment provisions of the Cliffs Pellet Agreements may increase or decrease, in some cases materially, the royalties paid to the Trust. Because the Trust is not a party to the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, the Trustees are unable to predict the extent of any pricing adjustments that may occur under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements or whether the adjustments will increase or decrease royalties payable to the Trust. With the current volatility in demand and prices for iron ore and steel products, the price adjustment provisions in the Cliffs Pellet Agreements may have a significant impact on future royalties payable to the Trust and the adjustments, depending on whether they are positive or negative, may increase or decrease the distributions payable to Unitholders.

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Total Revenues, Expenses, Net Income and Distributions

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As set forth in the table below, net income for fiscal 2021 decreased by 22.1%, as compared to fiscal 2020, primarily due to a decrease in tons shipped. Total expenses for fiscal 2021 increased by 31.4% as compared to fiscal 2020. A more detailed summary of the Trust’s expenses, including legal and consulting expenses, is set forth under the heading “Trust Expenses” in this Annual Report.

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As discussed in the paragraph above, the Trust’s total revenue and net income for fiscal 2021 decreased by 18.9% and 22.1%, respectively, due to a decrease in the tons shipped during fiscal 2021, as compared to fiscal 2020. The decrease in the Trust’s net income resulted in a 46.4% decrease in total distributions declared to Unitholders in fiscal 2021, as compared to fiscal year 2020.

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Unallocated Reserve

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As set forth in the table below, the Unallocated Reserve increased by $4,646,032 or 39.3% to $16,477,046, as of January 31, 2021, as compared to $11,831,014 as of January 31, 2020. As of January 31, 2021, the Unallocated Reserve included $16,372,405 in unallocated cash and U.S. Government Securities, $249,477 of accrued income receivable, and $177,251 of a contract asset. Comparatively, as of January 31, 2020, the Unallocated Reserve included $14,326,122 in unallocated cash and U.S. Government Securities, $69,588 of accrued income receivable, and $2,511,720 of a contract liability.

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The 39.3% increase in the Unallocated Reserve for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, is primarily the result of an increase in the unallocated cash and U.S. Government securities, and a decrease in the contract liability.

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Contract Asset. The $177,251, or 100%, increase in the contract asset portion of the Unallocated Reserve is the result of revenue recognized on the base overriding royalties, at the estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, that will be collected in subsequent quarters as the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved.

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Accrued Income Receivable. The $179,889, or 258.5%, increase in the accrued income receivable portion of the Unallocated Reserve is the result of the royalties earned on shipments in the last month of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020.

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Contract Liability. The $2,511,720, or 100%, decrease in the contract liability portion of the Unallocated Reserve is primarily the result of negative pricing adjustments recognized in the last month of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. Also represented in contract liability is iron ore that has not been shipped by Northshore, but for which the Trust has received a royalty payment based on an initial estimated price. The contract liability is also presented on the balance sheet net of the contract asset.

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Unallocated Cash and U.S. Government Securities. The Trust’s unallocated cash and U.S. Government Securities for unexpected obligations increased by 14.3% to $16,372,405 as of January 31, 2021 from $14,326,122 as of January 31, 2020. The $2,046,283 increase in the Trust’s cash reserve resulted from an increase in the royalty payment received in January 2021, as compared to the royalty payment received in January 2020.

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As described elsewhere in this Annual Report, pricing estimates are adjusted on a quarterly basis as updated pricing information is received from Northshore. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters. See discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report.

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Comparison of Financial Results for Fiscal Years ended January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019

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Royalty Income

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As shown in the table below, in fiscal 2020 base royalties decreased by 33.9%, bonus royalties decreased by 32.3% and fee royalties increased by 20.1%, each as compared to fiscal 2019. Accordingly, the Trust’s total royalty income decreased by 32.6% in fiscal 2020 as compared to fiscal 2019. The decrease in royalties received by the Trust is primarily the result of a decrease in iron prices and a decrease in tons shipped in fiscal 2020, as compared to fiscal 2019.

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The royalty amounts set forth in the table above include pricing adjustments made to royalty payments previously received by the Trust based on shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota during prior calendar years. Depending on the year, the volume of shipments, and the interim and final price paid to the Trust for shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota, the price adjustment provisions of the Cliffs Pellet Agreements may increase or decrease, in some cases materially, the royalties paid to the Trust. Because the Trust is not a party to the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, the Trustees are unable to predict the extent of any pricing adjustments that may occur under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements or whether the adjustments will increase or decrease royalties payable to the Trust. With the current volatility in demand and prices for iron ore and steel products, the price adjustment provisions in the Cliffs Pellet Agreements may have a significant impact on future royalties payable to the Trust and the adjustments, depending on whether they are positive or negative, may increase or decrease the distributions payable to Unitholders.

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Total Revenues, Expenses, Net Income and Distributions

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As set forth in the table below, net income for fiscal 2020 decreased by 34.0%, as compared to fiscal 2019, primarily due to a decrease in iron prices and a decrease in tons shipped. Total expenses for fiscal 2020 increased by 11.6% as compared to fiscal 2019. A more detailed summary of the Trust’s expenses, including legal and consulting expenses, is set forth under the heading “Trust Expenses” in this Annual Report.

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As discussed in the paragraph above, the Trust’s total revenue and net income for fiscal 2020 decreased by 32.4% and 34.0%, respectively, due to a decrease in the iron prices and tons shipped during fiscal 2020, both as compared to fiscal 2019. The increase in the Trust’s net income resulted in an 11.0% decrease in total distributions declared to Unitholders in fiscal 2020, as compared to fiscal year 2019.

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Unallocated Reserve

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As set forth in the table below, the Unallocated Reserve decreased by $4,974,675 or 29.6% to $11,831,014, as of January 31, 2020, as compared to $16,805,689 as of January 31, 2019. As of January 31, 2020, the Unallocated Reserve included $14,326,122 in unallocated cash and U.S. Government Securities, $69,588 of accrued income receivable, and $2,511,720 of a contract liability. Comparatively, as of January 31, 2019, the Unallocated Reserve included $14,767,308 in unallocated cash and U.S. Government Securities, $2,339,060 of accrued income receivable, and no contract liability.

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The 29.6% decrease in the Unallocated Reserve for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019, is primarily the result of an increase in the contract liability and a decrease in the accrued income receivable.

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Accrued Income Receivable. The $2,269,472, or 97.0%, decrease in the accrued income receivable portion of the Unallocated Reserve is the result of positive pricing adjustments recognized and the royalties earned on shipments in the last month of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019.

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Contract Liability. The $2,511,720, or 100%, increase in the contract liability portion of the Unallocated Reserve is primarily the result of negative pricing adjustments recognized in the last month of the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, as compared to the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019. Also represented in contract liability is iron ore that has not been shipped by Northshore, but for which the Trust has received a royalty payment based on an initial estimated price. The contract liability is also presented on the balance sheet net of the contract asset.

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Unallocated Cash and U.S. Government Securities. The Trust’s unallocated cash and U.S. Government Securities for unexpected obligations decreased by 3.0% to $14,326,122 as of January 31, 2020 from $14,767,308 as of January 31, 2019. The $441,186 decrease in the Trust’s cash reserve resulted from a decrease in the royalty payment received in January 2020 as compared to the royalty payment received in January 2019.

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As described elsewhere in this Annual Report, pricing estimates are adjusted on a quarterly basis as updated pricing information is received from Northshore. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters. See discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

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The Trust’s activities are limited to the collection of royalties, payment of expenses and liabilities, distribution of net income to the Trust’s Unitholders and protection and conservation of Trust assets. Distributions of net income to the Trust’s Unitholders are determined by the Trustees in their discretion and are based on the amount of total royalty income after providing for the payment of expenses and, to the extent deemed prudent by the Trustees, reserving funds in the Unallocated Reserve to provide for potential fixed or

contingent future liabilities, including potential future liabilities that cannot be accurately quantified. See the discussion of the Trustees’ management of liquidity set forth under the heading “Unallocated Reserve” in this Annual Report.

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The Trust’s primary short-term liquidity needs are related to the Trust’s distributions to its Unitholders following the Trust’s receipt of royalty payments from Northshore each calendar quarter. After the Trust receives the royalty payments, the Trust’s current assets are invested in U.S. Government Securities, either through direct purchases of U.S. Government Securities or through investments in a money market fund that invests its assets in U.S. Treasury securities and securities guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities, or the FDIC. Due to the short-term duration and investment grade nature of these investments, the Trustees believe that the Trust’s current assets are adequate to meet the Trust’s currently foreseeable liquidity needs. As of January 31, 2021, the Trust held $12,500,941 in cash and cash equivalents, all of which was invested in a money market fund that exclusively invests in obligations of the U.S. Treasury. In February 2021, the Trust distributed $6,035,205 to Unitholders of record on January 30, 2021.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

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The Trust has no off-balance sheet arrangements.

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Contractual Obligations

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The Trust has no payment obligations under any long-term borrowings, capital lease, operating lease, or purchase agreement.

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New Accounting Standards

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See Note 2 to the financial statements, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for information on our adoption of recently issued accounting standards.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

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This “Trustees’ Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is based upon the Trust’s financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Trustees to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The Trustees base their estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Trustees believe are reasonable under the circumstances. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material. Critical accounting policies are those that have meaningful impact on the reporting of the Trust’s financial condition and results of operations, and that require significant judgment and estimates. For a complete description of the Trust’s significant accounting policies, please see Note 2 to the financial statements on pages F-8 through F-12.

Revenue Recognition

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Royalty income under the Amended Assignment Agreements with Northshore is recognized as it is earned. Under the Amended Assignment Agreements, royalties are earned upon shipment from Silver Bay, Minnesota, regardless of whether the actual sales proceeds for any shipment are received by Northshore. The amount of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses payable to the Trust are determined based on the

volume of iron ore tonnage shipped from Silver Bay, Minnesota during each calendar quarter and the proceeds to Cliffs resulting from shipments by Cliffs to its customers in accordance with the iron ore pellet sales agreements between Cliffs and its customers.

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The Trust’s royalty income includes accrued income receivable. Accrued income receivable represents royalty income earned but not yet received by the Trust. Accrued income receivable is calculated using estimated prices and includes (i) shipments during the last month of Mesabi Trust’s fiscal year, if any, and (ii) net positive adjustments (which may include the sum of positive and negative price adjustments) calculated using the pricing adjustment mechanisms in the iron ore pellet sales agreements between Cliffs and its customers that determine the final sales price of the shipments from Silver Bay, Minnesota.

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The Trust’s royalty income also includes a contract asset. The contract asset represents the revenue recognized on the base overriding royalties, at the estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, that will be collected in subsequent quarters as the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The Trust includes estimated future royalty rates on current contracted volumes within contract asset.

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Adjustments to royalty income may result from changes in final reconciliations of tonnage shipped by Northshore with the final amounts received from Cliffs’ customers. Adjustments may also result from revisions to estimated prices previously used to record revenue for tonnage shipped. Pricing decreases may give rise to negative price adjustments which may be applied against future royalty income recognized by the Trust and changes in iron ore pellet prices may have a significant impact on the revenue recognized by the Trust.

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During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, negative price adjustments were recorded by Mesabi Trust and reduced the contract asset due to price adjustment mechanisms in the agreements between Cliffs and its customers that determine the final sales price of the shipments from Northshore with respect to certain shipments during calendar year 2020. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, negative price adjustments were recorded by Mesabi Trust and added to the contract liability due to price adjustment mechanisms in the agreements between Cliffs and its customers that determine the final sales price of the shipments from Northshore with respect to shipments during calendar year 2019. As of January 31, 2021, the Trust recognized revenue related to approximately 768,827 tons of iron ore that were shipped by Northshore as of December 31, 2020, but for which Cliffs has indicated that final pricing was not yet known. Pricing related to these shipments is expected to be finalized in the first quarter of calendar 2022.

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Also included in royalty income, the contract liability represents an estimate of decreases in pellet revenue related to tons of iron ore that were shipped by Northshore, but for which Northshore has indicated that final pricing is not yet known and is adjusted in accordance with the Trust’s revenue recognition policy each quarter as updated pricing information is received. Changes in iron ore pellet prices may have a significant impact on the revenue recognized by the Trust. The contract liability also represents iron ore that has not been shipped by Northshore, but for which the Trust has received a royalty payment based on an initial estimated price. Revenue will be recognized in accordance with the Trust’s revenue recognition policy at the estimated prices for iron ore products sold under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements as shipments of these products are made.

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Current Developments

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Quarterly Royalty Report and Royalty Payment

On January 29, 2021, the Trustees of Mesabi Trust received the quarterly royalty report of iron ore shipments out of Silver Bay, Minnesota during the quarter ended December 31, 2020 (“Royalty Report”) from Cliffs, the parent company of Northshore, as well as the royalty payment from Cliffs, as summarized below.

As reported to Mesabi Trust by Cliffs in the Royalty Report, based on shipments of iron ore products by Northshore during the three months ended December 31, 2020, the Trust was credited with a base royalty of $6,511,420. Also for the three months ended December 31, 2020, Mesabi Trust was credited with a bonus royalty in the amount of $3,715,070. After applying positive pricing adjustments of $1,924,632 from prior quarters, Cliffs paid Mesabi Trust a royalty of $12,151,122 for shipments of iron ore products during the quarter ended December 31, 2020. In addition, a royalty payment of $166,731 was paid to the Mesabi Land Trust. Accordingly, the total royalty payments received by Mesabi Trust on January 29, 2021 from Cliffs were $12,317,853.

Royalties paid to Mesabi Trust are based on the volume of shipments of iron ore pellets out of Silver Bay for the quarter and the year to date, the pricing of iron ore product sales, and the percentage of iron ore pellet shipments from Mesabi Trust lands rather than from non-Mesabi Trust lands. In the fourth calendar quarter of 2020, Cliffs credited Mesabi Trust with 1,111,387 tons of iron ore shipped, as compared to 1,362,171 tons shipped during the fourth calendar quarter of 2019.

The volume of shipments of iron ore pellets (and other iron ore products) by Northshore varies from quarter to quarter and year to year based on a number of factors, including the requested delivery schedules of customers, general economic conditions in the iron ore industry and weather conditions on the Great Lakes. In general and historically, the prices of iron ore products under agreements among Northshore, Cliffs and certain of their customers (the “Cliffs Pellet Agreements”), to which Mesabi Trust is not a party, are subject to interim and final pricing adjustments, dependent in part on multiple price and inflation index factors, some of which are not known until after the end of a contract year. The factors that could result in price adjustments under Cliffs’ customer contracts include, for example, changes in the Platts 62% Price, hot-rolled coil steel price, the Atlantic Basin pellet premium, published Platts international indexed freight rates and changes in specified producer price indices, including those for industrial commodities, fuel and steel. These multiple factors can result in significant variations in royalties received by Mesabi Trust (and in turn, the resulting funds available for distribution to Unitholders by Mesabi Trust) from quarter to quarter and from year to year. These variations, which can be positive or negative, cannot be predicted by the Trustees of Mesabi Trust. Royalty payments anticipated to be received during fiscal 2022 will continue to reflect pricing estimates for shipments of iron ore products that will be subject to positive or negative pricing adjustments pursuant to the Cliffs Pellet Agreements. Based on the above factors, and as indicated by Mesabi Trust’s historical distribution payments, the royalties received by Mesabi Trust, and the distributions paid to Unitholders, if any, in any particular quarter are not necessarily indicative of royalties that will be received, or distributions that will be paid, if any, in any subsequent quarter or full year.

With respect to calendar year 2021, Northshore has not advised Mesabi Trust of its expected shipments of iron ore products or what percentage of 2021 shipments will be from Mesabi Trust iron ore. In the most recent Cliffs’ Royalty Report, Cliffs stated that the royalty payments being reported were based on estimated iron ore pellet prices under the Cliffs Pellet Agreements, which are subject to change. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to Mesabi Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to Mesabi Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters.

Mesabi Trust Distribution Announcements

As previously announced by Mesabi Trust on January 11, 2021, the Trustees declared a distribution of forty-six cents ($0.46) per Unit of Beneficial Interest payable on February 20, 2021 to Mesabi Trust Unitholders of record at the close of business on January 30, 2021. This distribution was paid as announced.

On April 12, 2021, the Trustees of Mesabi Trust declared a distribution of eighty-nine cents ($0.89) per Unit of Beneficial Interest payable on May 20, 2021 to Mesabi Trust Unitholders of record at the close of business on April 30, 2021.

Arbitration Initiated Against Cliffs and Northshore

On December 9, 2019, Mesabi Trust initiated arbitration against Northshore, the lessee/operator of the leased lands, and its parent, Cliffs. The arbitration proceeding was commenced with the American Arbitration Association. The Trust asserts claims concerning the calculation of royalties related to the production, shipment and sale of iron ore, including DR-grade pellets. More particularly, the claims involve the Trust’s allegations that Northshore and Cliffs have improperly manipulated royalty amounts with respect to DR-grade pellets by orchestrating isolated sale transactions of low silica iron ore into international markets at prices significantly below standard pellet pricing. The allegations include failure by Northshore and Cliffs to provide timely and contract-based access to information and individuals necessary to evaluate compliance with the royalty agreement. Based on information currently available to the Trust, the Trust seeks an award of damages, along with specific performance and declaratory relief. During 2020, the parties appointed a three-member arbitration panel and engaged in discovery. The arbitration hearing is scheduled for May 2021.

Other Recent Developments

In March 2020, Cliffs announced that it completed the acquisition of AK Steel, a leading producer of flat-rolled carbon, stainless and electrical steel products. In December 2020, Cliffs announced that it completed the acquisition of ArcelorMittal USA. As disclosed in its annual report, Cliffs became the largest flat-rolled steel producer in North America.

Cliffs also announced that in 2020, it completed construction of and began production at its state-of-the-art direct reduction plant in Toledo, Ohio. According to Cliffs, this facility produces high-quality HBI, and is the first of its kind in the Great Lakes region. Cliffs disclosed that its HBI provides a high-quality and environmentally friendly alternative to the scrap and imported pig iron that its potential customers currently utilize. As disclosed in Cliffs’ most recent Form 10-K, Cliffs indicated that it expects to begin selling this product to third parties during first quarter 2021 and reach nameplate capacity at its direct reduction plant during second quarter 2021. According to Cliffs, the Toledo direct reduction plant has annual capacity of 1.9 million metric tons of HBI per year.

Important Factors Affecting Mesabi Trust

The Agreement of Trust specifically prohibits the Trustees from entering into or engaging in any business. This prohibition seemingly applies even to business activities the Trustees deem necessary or proper for the preservation and protection of the Trust’s assets. Accordingly, the Trustees’ activities in connection with the administration of Trust assets are limited to collecting income, paying expenses and liabilities, distributing net income to Mesabi Trust’s Unitholders after the payment of, or provision for, such expenses and liabilities, monitoring royalties and protecting and conserving the held assets.

Neither Mesabi Trust nor the Trustees have any control over the operations and activities of Northshore, except within the framework of the Amended Assignment Agreements. Cliffs alone controls (i) historical operating data, including iron ore production volumes, marketing of iron ore products, operating and capital expenditures as they relate to Northshore, environmental and other liabilities and the effects of

regulatory changes; (ii) plans for Northshore’s future operating and capital expenditures; (iii) geological data relating to ore reserves; (iv) projected production of iron ore products; (v) contracts between Cliffs and Northshore with their customers; and (vi) the decision to mine off Mesabi Trust and/or state lands, based on Cliffs’ current mining and engineering plan. The Trustees do not exert any influence over mining operational decisions at Northshore, nor do the Trustees provide any input regarding the ore reserve estimated at Northshore as reported by Cliffs. While the Trustees request relevant information from Cliffs and Northshore in accordance with the royalty agreement for use in periodic reports as part of their evaluation of Mesabi Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures, the Trustees do not control this information and they rely on the information in Cliffs’ periodic and current filings with the SEC to provide accurate and timely information in Mesabi Trust’s reports filed with the SEC.

In accordance with the Agreement of Trust and the Amendment, the Trustees are entitled to, and in fact do, rely upon certain experts in good faith, including (i) the independent consultants with respect to monthly production and shipment reports, which include figures on crude ore production and iron ore pellet shipments, and discussions concerning the condition and accuracy of the scales and plans regarding the development of Mesabi Trust’s mining property; and (ii) the accounting firm they have contracted with for non-audit services, including reviews of financial data related to shipping and sales reports provided by Northshore and a review of the schedule of leasehold royalties payable to Mesabi Trust.

For a discussion of additional factors, including but not limited to those that could adversely affect Mesabi Trust’s actual results and performance, see “Risk Factors” set forth on pages 3 through 14 of this Mesabi Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year-ended January 31, 2021.

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TO THE HOLDERS OF

CERTIFICATES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN

MESABI TRUST

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THE TRUST ESTATE

The principal assets of Mesabi Trust consist of two different interests in certain properties in the Mesabi Iron Range: (i) Mesabi Trust’s interest as assignor in the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease and the Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease, which together cover properties aggregating approximately 9,750 largely contiguous acres in St. Louis County, Minnesota (the “Peters Lease Lands” and the “Cloquet Lease Lands,” respectively), and (ii) Mesabi Trust’s ownership of the entire beneficial interest in the Mesabi Land Trust, which has a 20% interest as fee owner in the Peters Lease Lands and a 100% fee ownership in certain non-mineral-bearing lands adjacent to the Peters and Cloquet Lease Lands (the “Mesabi Lease Lands,” together with Mesabi Trust Lands, the “Trust Estate”). The map below shows the approximate location of the Trust Estate.

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Under the Amended Assignment Agreements, Northshore produces iron ore from Mesabi Trust Lands for the manufacture of iron ore products to be sold to various customers of Cliffs. Mesabi Trust receives royalties on the crude ore extracted from such lands and the pellets produced from such crude ore,

and in each case the royalties are based upon the volume of iron ore products shipped and the prices charged to Cliffs’ customers.

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DURATION OF THE TRUST ESTATE

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The largest component of the Trust Estate is the Peters Lease Lands. The Peters Lease provides that the leasehold estate thereunder will continue until the reserves of iron ore, taconite and other minerals or materials on the land subject to the Peters Lease are exhausted. The Amended Assignment of Peters Lease terminates when the Peters Lease terminates. The Cloquet Lease, executed in 1916, provides that the leasehold estate thereunder will continue until the reserves of iron ore, taconite and other minerals or materials on the land subject to the Cloquet Lease are exhausted. The Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease terminates when the Cloquet Lease terminates. If Northshore decides to terminate or surrender either the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease or the Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease, or both of them, it must first give Mesabi Trust at least six months’ notice of its intention to do so and, at Mesabi Trust’s request, reassign all of such leasehold interests to Mesabi Trust. If any such reassignment occurs, Northshore must transfer the leasehold interests to Mesabi Trust free and clear of liens, except public highways. In return, Mesabi Trust must assume Northshore’s future obligations as lessee under the reassigned leases. Upon termination of the lease under either the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease or the Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease, or both of them, Northshore is obligated to remove within 90 days all engines, tools, machinery, railroad tracks and structures erected or placed by it, or under its direction, on the lands but may not remove or impair any supports placed in the mines, nor any timber or frameworks necessary to the use and maintenance of the shafts or other approaches to the mine.

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The Peters Lease Lands and the Cloquet Lease Lands are located at the northeastern end of the Mesabi Iron Range and contain mineral deposits consisting of a highly metamorphosed sedimentary bed of banded magnetite in siliceous gangue, a form of low-grade iron ore known as taconite, approximately three tons of which must be beneficiated to produce one ton of high-grade pellets. The Mesabi Lease Lands contain substantially no commercial ore deposits and have been used principally in connection with mining the taconite from other parts of the Trust Estate, such as the provision of an area for location of service roads, supporting plants and equipment and dump sites for overburden.

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Because the Trust is not involved with the mining operations at Northshore, the Trust relies on the ore reserve estimates reported in Cliffs’ Form 10-K filed with the SEC each year. In Cliffs’ Annual Report, the following information was provided by Cliffs regarding the estimated ore reserves at Northshore.

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Mining and Pelletizing Mineral Reserves

As of December 31, 2020

(In Millions of Long Tons)

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Reserves are defined by the SEC Industry Standard Guide 7 as that part of a mineral deposit that could be economically and legally extracted and produced at the time of the reserve determination. All reserves are classified as proven or probable and are supported by life of mine plans.

According to Cliffs’ Annual Report, reserve estimates are based on pricing that does not exceed the three-year trailing average index price of iron ore adjusted to Cliffs’ realized price. The latest reserve estimate for Northshore was completed in 2020.

The Trustees engaged an independent geological consulting firm, Roscoe Postle Associates, Inc. (“RPA”), to confirm that the process used by Cliffs to estimate the ore reserves in the mine at Northshore is reasonable. RPA delivered its report to the Trustees in March 2018. In its report to the Trustees, RPA summarized its review and evaluation of Cliffs’ ore reserve estimation process which was performed by Cliffs in 2015. RPA reported to the Trustees that the reserve estimation process used by Cliffs is reasonable and comports with the reporting requirements set forth in Securities Act Industry Guide 7. Based on the report of RPA, at least 90% of the ore reserves in the mine at Northshore, as reported by Cliffs, is attributable to Mesabi Trust Lands.

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HISTORY OF THE TRUST’S ACQUISITION OF THE TRUST ESTATE

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Prior to the creation of Mesabi Trust and Mesabi Land Trust on July 18, 1961, MIC, the Trust’s predecessor in interest, owned the interests in the Peters Lease Lands, Cloquet Lease Lands and Mesabi Lease Lands. MIC obtained its interests as follows:

Peters Lease Lands. MIC owned a 20% interest in the fee ownership in the Peters Lease Lands. Originally, the Peters Lease Lands were owned by East Mesaba Iron Company and Dunka River Iron Company which were wholly-owned subsidiaries of Dunka-Mesaba Security Company (“Dunka-Mesaba”). In August 1951, East Mesaba Iron Company and Dunka River Iron Company conveyed the Peters Lease Lands to their parent company, Dunka-Mesaba, which in turn conveyed to each of its stockholders an undivided interest in the Peters Lease Lands in proportion to each stockholder’s ownership in the parent company. Accordingly, MIC, which had been the owner of 20% of the outstanding capital stock of Dunka-Mesaba, acquired a 20% undivided interest in the Peters Lease Lands and the right to receive a 20% fee royalty under the Peters Lease.

By an instrument dated October 1, 1917, as of April 30, 1915, East Mesaba and Dunka River leased their properties to Claude W. Peters. This instrument, as modified by instruments dated February 3, 1921, July 17, 1939 and July 31, 1951, is known as the “Peters Lease.” Claude W. Peters acquired the Peters Lease on behalf of MIC and an assignment of the Peters Lease from Claude W. Peters to MIC was recorded in 1919. In 1939, MIC assigned the Peters Lease to Reserve Mining Company (“RMC”) in consideration for which RMC agreed to pay MIC a percentage of its net profits. Later, these payments were changed to royalty payments.

Cloquet Lease Lands. MIC held a leasehold interest in the Cloquet Lease Lands pursuant to the Indenture of Lease dated May 1, 1916. In 1939, MIC assigned its interest in the Cloquet Lease as lessee to RMC.

Mesabi Lease Lands. MIC held a fee interest in the Mesabi Lease Lands, subject to earlier grants of mineral rights to other parties. In 1939, MIC leased its interest in the Mesabi Lease Lands to RMC (“Mesabi Lease”).

Acquisition of Interests from MIC. MIC had not engaged in actual mining operations since 1939, with all of its ownership of land in fee having been leased out and its leaseholds in land assigned to RMC in exchange for royalty payments. Because MIC’s activities in connection with the administration of its assets were limited to the collection of income, the payment of expenses and liabilities, the distribution of the net income and the protection and conservation of the assets held, in July 1961 its board of directors proposed, and its stockholders subsequently approved, to adopt a plan of complete liquidation as a result of which MIC’s assets were transferred to and administered by two trust entities.

To comply with the law of the State of Minnesota, which requires that a trust holding real property located in that state must be administered under Minnesota law, the Mesabi Land Trust was created under Minnesota law on July 18, 1961 pursuant to an Agreement of Trust of even date. MIC transferred to the Mesabi Land Trust its 20% interest as fee owner in the Peters Lease Lands and its interest as 100% fee owner in the Mesabi Lease Lands and as lessor of the Mesabi Lease (subject to the reservation of mineral rights described above).

Also pursuant to an Agreement of Trust, the Mesabi Trust was created under New York law on July 18, 1961. MIC transferred to the Mesabi Trust instruments assigning the Amended Assignment of Peters Lease and the Amended Assignment of Cloquet Lease (covering its interest as assignor of the entire leasehold interest in the Peters Lease Lands and the Cloquet Lease Lands), together with cash, marketable securities and other assets. The Mesabi Trust also received all of the beneficial interest in the Mesabi Land Trust.

RMC, the original lessee, operated the mine until it closed on July 31, 1986. Cyprus Minerals Company (“Cyprus”) purchased substantially all of RMC’s assets on August 17, 1989 and resumed operations as Cyprus NMC. On September 30, 1994, Cliffs purchased all of Cyprus NMC’s capital stock from Cyprus. Cliffs renamed the operation Northshore Mining Company.

Since the creation of Mesabi Land Trust and Mesabi Trust, although the mining operators have changed and the Peters Lease, the Cloquet Lease and the Mesabi Lease have been further amended and assigned, the Trust Estate has not changed beyond the forfeiture of one parcel of the Mesabi Lease Lands described above.

The diagram below illustrates the relationships of the various parties that own the lands and have interests in the lands the Trust has interests in:

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DESCRIPTION OF THE MINERAL PROPERTIES AND NORTHSHORE’S MINING OPERATIONS

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Mine and Rock Formation. The Trust Estate, including the ore mine, are located in northeastern Minnesota, approximately two miles south of Babbitt, Minnesota. The ore mine on the Trust Estate is called the Peter Mitchell Mine, an open pit mine consisting of a 10-mile long segment of a host rock called the Biwabik Iron Formation, which is a very hard cherty rock containing magnetite as the ore mineral. The Biwabik Iron Formation extends west and southwest for over 100 miles and constitutes the Mesabi Iron Range. Recoverable iron grades range from 21% magnetic iron in the west end of the mine open pit to 26% magnetic iron in the central portion and east end. The ore body dips south under the hanging wall called the Virginia Formation. To date, the Mesabi Trust properties have been explored for their iron ore potential. To the knowledge of the Mesabi Trustees, no other minerals have been explored on the Trust Estate.

Mining Properties. As disclosed elsewhere in this Annual Report, Northshore, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cliffs, currently conducts the mining operation upon the Trust Estate. The main entrance to the Northshore mine is accessed by means of a gravel road and is located off County Road 70. Northshore’s processing facilities are located in Silver Bay, Minnesota, near Lake Superior, on U.S. Highway 61. Each year, the Trustees visit the Northshore mine in Babbitt, Minnesota and the processing plant in Silver Bay, Minnesota. During such visits, the Trustees inspect the condition of the mining properties as well as mining equipment and facilities. Based on information provided to the Trustees during the most recent inspection trip in September 2019, the mining properties and facilities at Northshore were in good operating condition.

Northshore’s Operations. Because Mesabi Trust is not involved in Northshore’s mining operations, the Trustees do not have detailed firsthand information relating to such operations or the equipment and facilities used by Northshore. Therefore, the Trustees rely on information provided by Northshore personnel, disclosures by Cliffs in its periodic and current reports filed with the SEC and, to some extent, information provided in other reports published by independent organizations, in providing the information relating to Northshore’s mining operations, equipment and facilities.

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During the concentrating process, ore concentrate is separated by a two-stage magnetic separation, which removes low grade tailings from the ore concentrate. The tailings are pumped uphill to the Mile Post 7 disposal site. The concentrate is then fed into hydro-separators followed by a final flotation upgrading accomplished with two flotation cells per grinding line. Next, the concentrate proceeds to a central filtering facility, through which the moisture content in the concentrate is reduced and the final concentrate becomes ready for pelletizing. The pelletizing

process first feeds the ore concentrate, to which bentonite and organic binder has been added as a binder, into a balling drum. The revolving action of the drum causes the concentrate to build up into green balls. Next, the green balls are conveyed to one of four moving grates and enter into an accompanying high temperature furnace where they are heated to over 2,400°F and are hardened into the final pellet product. From the four furnaces the pellets are conveyed to a dockside storage area with a 5 million ton storage capacity. Northshore’s sheltered harbor at Silver Bay can handle lake-going vessels with capacities up to 55,000 tons.

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Under the Dodd-Frank Act, each operator of a coal or other mine is required to include certain mine safety results within its periodic reports filed with the SEC. As required by the reporting requirements included in §1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Act, in Cliffs’ Annual Report, Cliffs presented the following items regarding certain mining safety and health matters for the Northshore Mine.

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In Cliffs’ Annual Report, Cliffs reported that the Northshore mine did not receive any flagrant violations under Section 110(b)(2) of the FMSH Act (30 U.S.C. 820(b)(2)) and did not receive any written notices of a pattern of violations, or the potential to have a pattern of such violations, under section 104(e) of the FMSH Act (30 U.S.C. 814(e)) during the year ended December 31, 2020. In addition, according to Cliffs there were no mining-related fatalities at the Northshore mine during the same period.

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Following is a summary of the information listed above with respect to Northshore for the year ended December 31, 2020.

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LEASEHOLD ROYALTIES

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Northshore is obligated to pay to Mesabi Trust base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses on all pellets (and other iron ore products) produced from the Peters Lease Lands and the Cloquet Lease Lands (“Mesabi Ore”) and shipped from Silver Bay in each calendar year. The royalties are based on prices per unit of product, volumes of product shipped and where on the escalating scale of royalties—2-1/2% on the first million long tons to 6% on shipments above four million long tons per calendar year—each shipment falls.

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Base overriding royalties. Base overriding royalties are calculated on the basis of an escalating scale of percentages of gross sales proceeds of iron ore shipped. The applicable percentage is determined by reference to the tonnage of pellets (and other iron ore products) previously shipped in the then current calendar year, as follows:

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Royalty bonuses. Royalty bonuses are payable on all iron ore products produced from Mesabi Ore shipped from Silver Bay during a calendar quarter and sold at prices above the Adjusted Threshold Price. The Adjusted Threshold Price was $56.93 for calendar year 2019 and $57.85 for calendar year 2020, and will be $58.58 for calendar year 2021. The Adjusted Threshold Price is subject to adjustment (but not below $30 per ton) for inflation and deflation and is determined each year on the basis of the change in the Gross Domestic Product Implicit Price Deflator, a broad-based index of inflation and deflation published quarterly by the U.S. Department of Commerce.

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The amount of royalty bonuses payable for any calendar quarter is calculated on the basis of an escalating scale of percentages of the gross sales proceeds to Northshore of pellets produced from Mesabi Ore that are sold at prices above the Adjusted Threshold Price. The applicable percentage is determined by reference to the amount by which the sales prices for a particular quantity of pellets exceeds the Adjusted Threshold Price, as follows:

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Leasehold royalty example. To illustrate the calculation of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses, assume that no shipments of iron ore products were made during the first calendar quarter of 2021, and further assume that pellets were shipped from Silver Bay in the second and third calendar quarters of 2021 in the following tonnage quantities and rendering the following gross proceeds:

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In this example, the base overriding royalties payable in respect of the second and third calendar quarters of 2021 would be as follows:

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Based on the same example, the base overriding royalty percentage applicable for all iron ore products shipped in the fourth calendar quarter of 2021 would be 6%, because more than four million tons were shipped during the first three quarters.

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Further, the royalty bonuses payable in respect of the second and third calendar quarters of 2021 would be as follows (with reference to the Adjusted Threshold Price (“ATP”) of $58.58).

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The above figures are provided only to illustrate the method for calculating base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses and do not indicate the amount of base overriding royalties or royalty bonuses the Trustees expect Mesabi Trust to earn in calendar 2021 or any other calendar or fiscal year. Accordingly, the foregoing example illustrating the calculation of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses should not be considered a prediction of the amount of base overriding royalties or royalty bonuses Mesabi Trust will receive.

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Bonuses on other ore. Northshore also must pay base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses on pellets produced from lands other than Mesabi Trust Lands (“Other Ore”) to the extent necessary to assure payment of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses on at least 90% of the first four million tons of pellets shipped from Silver Bay in each calendar year, at least 85% of the next two million tons of pellets shipped therefrom in each calendar year, and at least 25% of all tonnage of pellets shipped therefrom in each calendar year in excess of six million tons. Base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses payable on Other Ore can be recouped by Northshore out of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses paid on Mesabi Ore. The amount of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses on Other Ore that can be recouped on any payment date cannot, however, exceed 20% of the amount of Mesabi Ore royalties and royalty bonuses which are otherwise payable on that payment date.

Advance royalties. Northshore is obligated to pay Mesabi Trust advance royalties in equal quarterly installments. The advance royalty was $949,295 for calendar year 2019, $964,659 for calendar year 2020, and is $976,765 for calendar year 2021. The amount of advance royalties payable is subject to adjustment (but not below $500,000 per annum) for inflation and deflation and is determined each year in the same manner as the Adjusted Threshold Price. All payments of advance royalties are credited against payments of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses payable on Mesabi Ore until fully recouped by Northshore. The amount of advance royalties payable in respect of each calendar quarter constitutes the minimum overriding royalty amount payable by Northshore in respect of that calendar quarter.

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Other leasehold royalty information. Base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses are payable quarterly and accrue upon shipment, whether or not the actual sales proceeds for any shipment are received by Northshore. The amount of base overriding royalties and royalty bonuses payable with respect to the first three quarters in any calendar year are determined on the basis of tonnage shipped during each such calendar quarter and the actual sales proceeds of such shipments, with an adjustment made to the royalties payable with respect to the last quarter in any calendar year to account for adjustments.

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LAND TRUST AND FEE ROYALTIES

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Mesabi Land Trust holds 20% interest as fee owner in the Peters Lease Lands and a 100% interest as fee owner in the Mesabi Lease Lands as lessor of the Mesabi Lease. Mesabi Trust holds the entire beneficial interest in Mesabi Land Trust and is entitled to receive the net income of Mesabi Land Trust after payment of expenses. Northshore is not obligated to pay royalties or rental to Mesabi Land Trust as fee owner of the non-mineral bearing Mesabi Lease Lands, a consideration having been paid in that respect at the inception of the Mesabi Lease.

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Northshore is required to pay a base royalty to the fee owners in an amount which, at its option, is either (a) 11-2/3¢ per gross ton of crude ore it mines from the Peters Lease Lands, or (b) $0.0056 for each 1% of metallic iron ore natural contained in each gross ton of pellets it produces from the Peters Lease Lands and ships. The base fee royalty rate is adjusted up or down each quarter (but not below the base royalty specified above) by adding or subtracting an amount to be determined by reference to changes in Lower Lake Mesabi Range pellet prices and the All Commodities Producer Price Index. The adjustment factor is computed by multiplying the base fee royalty rate specified above by a percentage that is the sum of (a) one-half of the percentage change, if any, by which the then prevailing price per iron unit of Mesabi Range taconite pellets delivered by rail or vessel at Lower Lake Erie ports exceeds 80.5¢ (the price per iron unit in effect in January 1982), plus (b) one-half of the percentage change, if any, by which the All Commodities Producer Price Index exceeds 295.8 (the level of the Index for December 1981). Fee royalties aggregating $498,556 with respect to crude ore mined by Northshore were earned by Mesabi Land Trust during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021.

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TRUST EXPENSES

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Total Trust Expenses

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Total Trust expenses for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 were $2,542,920, representing an increase of $607,798, or 31.4%, from the $1,935,122 of total Trust expenses in fiscal 2020. The increase in Trust expenses from fiscal 2021 to fiscal 2020 was due primarily to an increase in legal fees and other expenses discussed further in the “Trust Legal Expenses” section below.

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Total Trust expenses for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 were $1,935,122, representing an increase of $200,401, or 11.6%, from the $1,734,721 of total Trust expenses in fiscal 2019. The increase in Trust expenses from fiscal 2020 over fiscal 2019 was due primarily to an increase in legal fees and other expenses discussed further in the “Trust Legal Expenses” section below.

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Trust Legal Expenses

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Mesabi Trust paid Fox Rothschild LLP $1,456,399 for legal services provided to the Trust during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. Comparatively, Mesabi Trust paid Fox Rothschild LLP $928,586 and $636,224 for legal services provided to the Trust during fiscal years ended January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019, respectively.

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In each of the last three fiscal years, Fox Rothschild LLP represented the Trust and assisted the Trustees in the preparation and filing of the Trust’s current, periodic and annual reports with the SEC, a variety of corporate trust law matters, iron ore royalty matters and securities law and NYSE compliance matters.

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The total amount of Fox Rothschild’s legal fees for services rendered during fiscal 2021 increased approximately $527,813, or 56.8% as compared to fiscal 2020. The increase in legal fees in fiscal 2021, as compared to fiscal 2020, resulted primarily from the increased legal services provided to the Trust and Trustees during fiscal 2021 relating to the following: reviewing reports and analyzing iron ore royalty matters; and representing Mesabi Trust in the pending arbitration proceeding commenced in December 2019.

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The total amount of Fox Rothschild’s legal fees for services rendered during fiscal 2020 increased approximately $292,362, or 46.0% as compared to fiscal 2019. The increase in legal fees in fiscal 2020, as compared to fiscal 2019, resulted primarily from the increased legal services provided to the Trust and Trustees during fiscal 2020 relating to the following: reviewing reports and analyzing iron ore royalty matters, including analysis of Mesabi Trust’s legal rights regarding the calculation of royalties related to DR-grade pellets and other low silica products, representing Mesabi Trust in a variety of meetings and conferences with Cliffs’ management, representing Mesabi Trust in the pending arbitration proceeding commenced in December 2019; representation regarding engagement of consultants and advisors; advice and representation concerning Unitholder and third party inquiries; and planning and participating in Trustees’ meetings (for which the total number of Trustees’ meetings increased to 24 during fiscal 2020 compared with 22 meetings during the prior year, most of which were telephonic).

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Total Trust expenses by category for fiscal 2021, 2020 and 2019 are set forth in the table below.

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(1)Includes $9,500 paid to Robin M. Radke who was appointed Trustee of Mesabi Trust on January 23, 2019, and was appointed Trustee of Mesabi Land Trust on October 2, 2018.

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(2)“Other Trust Expenses” for fiscal year ended January 31, 2019 included the following fees and costs incurred by the Trust in connection with the special meeting of Unitholders held during December 2018 and January 2019 (as adjourned): $170,373 for services rendered by Georgeson LLC for proxy advisor and solicitation agent services; $134,128 for services rendered by Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. for proxy administration, communication,

mailing, vote tabulation and related services; and $38,278 for services rendered by Grant Thornton LLP, for consulting services on Trustee compensation matters.

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(3)“Other Trust Expenses” for fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 included additional consulting fees and costs incurred by the Trust in connection with study, review and analysis of iron ore royalties and markets.

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(4)“Other Trust Expenses” for fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 included additional consulting fees and costs incurred by the Trust in connection with study, review and analysis of iron ore royalties and markets, as well as ongoing arbitration costs.

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UNALLOCATED RESERVE

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Each quarter, as authorized by the Agreement of Trust, the Trustees will reevaluate all relevant factors including all costs, expenses, obligations, and present and future liabilities of the Trust (whether known or contingent) in determining an appropriate level of unallocated reserve for the Trust in order to be in position to meet the current and ongoing challenges in the iron ore and steel industries. The actual amount of the Unallocated Reserve will fluctuate from time to time and may increase or decrease from its current level. Accordingly, although the actual amount of the Unallocated Reserve will fluctuate from time to time, and may increase or decrease from its current level, it is currently expected that future distributions will be highly dependent upon royalty payments received quarterly and the level of Trust expenses that the Trustees anticipate occurring in subsequent quarters. Pursuant to the Agreement of Trust, the Trust makes decisions about cash distributions to Unitholders based on the royalty payments it receives from Northshore when received, rather than as royalty income is recorded in accordance with the Trust’s revenue recognition policy. Refer to Note 5 for further information. See “Current Developments” — “Review of Unallocated Reserve” in this Annual Report. The amount of future royalty income available for distribution will be subject to the volume of iron ore product shipments and the dollar level of sales by Northshore. Shipping activity is greatly reduced during the winter months and economic conditions, particularly those affecting the steel industry, may adversely affect the amount and timing of such future shipments and sales. It is possible that future negative price adjustments could offset, or even eliminate, royalties or royalty income that would otherwise be payable to the Trust in any particular quarter, or at year end, thereby potentially reducing cash available for distribution to the Trust’s Unitholders in future quarters. See discussion under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report.

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The Trustees will continue to monitor the economic circumstances of the Trust to strike a responsible balance between distributions to Unitholders and the need to maintain reserves at a prudent level, given the unpredictable nature of the iron ore industry, the Trust’s dependence on the actions of Cliffs and Northshore, and the fact that the Trust essentially has no other liquid assets.

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CERTIFICATES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST

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The Mesabi Trust’s Certificates of Beneficial Interest are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “MSB.” Distributions declared to Unitholders during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 totaled $18,761,615 as compared to $35,030,427 during fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, and $39,360,030 during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2019. The Trust paid Unitholders distributions of $1.43 per Unit for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021, compared with distributions of $2.67 and $3.00 per Unit for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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During the past two fiscal years, the market ranges of the certificates for each quarterly period and the distributions declared for such quarterly periods were as follows:

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As of the close of business on April 23, 2021, the beneficial interest in Mesabi Trust was represented by 13,120,010 Units, 233,826 Units of which were held by 763 holders of record.

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THE TRUSTEES

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The name and address of each Trustee and the principal occupation of each individual Trustee are as follows:

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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TRUSTEES’ REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

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The Mesabi Trustees are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for Mesabi Trust. The Trust’s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Trustees regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements.

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All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

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The Mesabi Trustees assessed the effectiveness of the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2021. In making this assessment, they used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on their assessment, the Trustees believe that, as of January 31, 2021, the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting is effective, based on those criteria.

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Baker Tilly US, LLP (formerly known as Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP), the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an audit report on its assessment of the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2021. This report appears immediately below.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Unitholders and Trustees of Mesabi Trust:

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Mesabi Trust as of January 31, 2021 and 2020, and the related statements of income, unallocated reserve and trust corpus, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Trust as of January 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended January 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Trust maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by COSO.

Basis for Opinion

The Trust’s Trustees are responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Trustees’ Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Trust’s financial statements and an opinion on the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Trust in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by the Trustees, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

An entity’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. An entity’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the entity; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the entity are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the trustees of the entity; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the entity's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.

/s/ Baker Tilly US, LLP (formerly known as Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP)

We have served as the Trust’s auditor since 2012.

Minneapolis, Minnesota

April 27, 2021

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MESABI TRUST

BALANCE SHEETS

AS OF JANUARY 31, 2021 AND 2020

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