NABORS INDUSTRIES LTD - Annual Report: 2019 (Form 10-K)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

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Commission File Number 001-32657

NABORS INDUSTRIES LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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(441) 292-1510

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934: None.

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  YES ☒  NO ☐

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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  YES ☐  NO ☒

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES ☒ NO ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports).  YES ☒  NO ☐

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Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  YES ☐  NO ☒

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The aggregate market value of the 347,460,335 common shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant outstanding as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, June 28, 2019, based on the closing price of our common shares as of such date of $2.90 per share as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, was $1,007,634,972. Common shares held by each officer and director and by each person who owns 5% or more of the outstanding common shares have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

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The number of common shares outstanding as of February 19, 2020 was 367,128,412, excluding 52,800,203 common shares held by our subsidiaries, or 419,928,615 in the aggregate.

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DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

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Specified portions of the definitive Proxy

Statement to be distributed in connection with our 2020 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders (Part III).

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NABORS INDUSTRIES LTD.

Form 10-K Annual Report

For the Year Ended December 31, 2019

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Our internet address is www.nabors.com. We make available free of charge through our website our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Reference in this document to our website address does not constitute incorporation by reference of the information contained on the website into this annual report on Form 10-K. The SEC maintains an internet site (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. In addition, documents relating to our corporate governance (such as committee charters, governance guidelines and other internal policies) can be found on our website.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

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We discuss expectations regarding our future markets, demand for our products and services, and our performance in our annual, quarterly and current reports, press releases, and other written and oral statements. Statements relating to matters that are not historical facts are ‘‘forward-looking statements’’ within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the ‘‘Exchange Act’’). These ‘‘forward-looking statements’’ are based on an analysis of currently available competitive, financial and economic data and our operating plans. They are inherently uncertain and investors should recognize that events and actual results could turn out to be significantly different from our expectations. By way of illustration, when used in this document, words such as ‘‘anticipate,’’ ‘‘believe,’’ ‘‘expect,’’ ‘‘plan,’’ ‘‘intend,’’ ‘‘estimate,’’ ‘‘project,’’ ‘‘will,’’ ‘‘should,’’ ‘‘could,’’ ‘‘may,’’ ‘‘predict’’ and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

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Factors to consider when evaluating these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

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Our business depends, to a large degree, on the level of spending by oil and gas companies for exploration, development and production activities. Therefore, a sustained increase or decrease in the price of oil or natural gas, that has a material impact on exploration, development and production activities, could also materially affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

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The above description of risks and uncertainties is by no means all-inclusive, but highlights certain factors that we believe are important for your consideration. For a more detailed description of risk factors, please refer to Part I, Item 1A.—Risk Factors.

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PART I

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ITEM 1. BUSINESS

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Nabors Industries, Ltd. (NYSE: NBR) was formed as a Bermuda exempted company on December 11, 2001. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this annual report to “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company,” or “Nabors” mean Nabors Industries Ltd., together with our subsidiaries where the context requires. References in this annual report to “Nabors Delaware” mean Nabors Industries, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nabors.

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Overview

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Since its founding in 1952, Nabors has grown from a small land drilling business in Canada to one of the world’s largest drilling contractors. Today, Nabors owns and operates one of the world’s largest land-based drilling rig fleets and is a provider of offshore rigs in the United States and numerous international markets. Nabors also provides directional drilling services, tubular running services, performance tools, and innovative technologies for its own rig fleet and those operated by third parties. In today’s performance-driven environment, we believe we are well positioned to seamlessly integrate downhole hardware, surface equipment and software solutions into our AC rig designs. Leveraging our advanced drilling automation capabilities, Nabors’ highly skilled workforce continues to set new standards for operational excellence and transform our industry.

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Our business is comprised of our global land-based and offshore drilling rig operations and other rig related services and technologies. These services include tubular running services, wellbore placement solutions, directional drilling, measurement-while-drilling (“MWD”), logging-while-drilling (“LWD”) systems and services, equipment manufacturing, rig instrumentation and optimization software.

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Our business consists of five reportable segments: U.S. Drilling, Canada Drilling, International Drilling, Drilling Solutions and Rig Technologies.

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With operations in 24 countries, we are a global provider of drilling and drilling-related services for land-based and offshore oil and natural gas wells, with a fleet of rigs and drilling-related equipment which, as of December 31, 2019 included:

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The following table presents our average rigs working (a measure of activity and utilization over the year) for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:

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Average rigs working represents a measure of the number of equivalent rigs operating during a given period. For example, one rig operating 182.5 days during a 365-day period represents 0.5 average rigs working.

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Additional information regarding the geographic markets in which we operate and our business segments can be found in Note 19—Segment Information in Part II, Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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U.S. Drilling

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Operating one of the largest land-based drilling rig fleets in the U.S., Nabors continues to drive innovation and integration in the industry. Nabors offers a full suite of options including directional drilling services, performance tools and innovations developed by our team of internal engineers who are wholly focused on advanced technologies. We maintain activities in the lower 48 states and Alaska as well as offshore in the Gulf of Mexico. Our U.S. fleet consists of 188 AC rigs and 18 SCR rigs, which were actively marketed as of December 31, 2019.

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Since our first AC land rig was built in 2002, we have continued to evolve with industry-leading breakthroughs. As the industry shifted to multi-well pad drilling, we anticipated the appetite for greater efficiencies and adaptability through batch drilling. As a result, we developed our suite of PACE® drilling rigs. In 2013, we introduced our PACE®-X800 rig equipped with an advanced walking system that moves the rig quickly over existing wells on a pad along both the X and Y axes. Because the ancillary equipment accompanies the rig, it moves easily between adjacent rows of wells. In 2016, we introduced our PACE®-M800 and PACE®-M1000 rigs which complement our existing PACE®-X800 rigs. The PACE®-M800 rig is designed for lower-density multi-well pads whereas the PACE®-M1000 is designed for higher density pads. Both are designed to move rapidly between pads. Featuring the same advanced walking capabilities as the PACE®-X800 rig, the PACE®-M800 rig can quickly move efficiently on pads and over short distances, with minimal rig-up and rig-down components.

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In addition to land drilling operations throughout the lower 48 states and Alaska, we also actively marketed 12 platform rigs in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico as of December 31, 2019.

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In recent years we have deployed a full suite of technology supporting Nabors and third party rigs. By seizing the opportunity to move forward, faster, Nabors has employed automation to increase safety, instill efficient processes and build agility for our customers. See Drilling Solutions below for more information.

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Canada Drilling

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The Canadian market has shifted focus away from conventional drilling of vertical wells and now focuses almost exclusively on horizontal wells. To align with that market shift, we concentrated on larger yet more agile rigs. As of December 31, 2019 our rig fleet consisted of 35 land-based drilling rigs in Canada.

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International Drilling

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Adaptability is key given the remote or environmentally sensitive locations our international rigs often face. As a global company, we maintain activities in nearly every major oil and gas market, most notably in Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Colombia and Kazakhstan. Many of our rigs are designed to specifically address the challenges of working in a desert climate as well as the various shale plays.

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As of December 31, 2019, our international fleet consisted of 125 land-based drilling rigs located in approximately 16 countries. At the same time, we actively marketed 18 platforms and three jackup rigs in the

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international offshore drilling markets. Anticipating the appetite for high-specification desert rigs, we upgraded and delivered rigs designed for the Middle East. In prior years, we increased the utilization of the PACE®-X800 rigs in international markets through deployments in Latin America.

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Drilling Solutions

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Through Nabors Drilling Solutions, we offer specialized drilling technologies, such as patented steering systems and rig instrumentation software systems that enhance drilling performance and wellbore placement.

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Nabors specializes in wellbore placement solutions and is a leading provider of directional drilling and MWD systems and services. Our MWD product line is a proprietary family of advanced systems, representing the latest technology developed specifically for the unique requirements of land-based drilling applications. Our tools are ideal for applications where high reliability, precise wellbore placement and drilling efficiency are crucial. Nabors’ patented directional drilling tools enable a higher level of precision and cost effectiveness. These products include:

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Nabors’ offers a full range of tubular running services to match operators’ requirements and preferences. These services primarily include casing running, tubing running and torque monitoring. Our propriety software empowers the driller to take control and deliver the casing with consistency and repeatability through a single touch.  This includes expanded functionality such as auto-fill and cross-thread detection that delivers the most efficient casing run in the industry. The Casing Drive System™ (CDS) is an automated, versatile and powerful casing running tool, which replaces conventional pipe handling equipment and minimizes the need for manual operations on the rig floor. The CDS has been used on more than 100,000 wells worldwide to successfully run casing in deviated, horizontal and complex well and casing-while-drilling applications. All levels of our casing running service are available in all of the countries in which we operate. Additionally, the TesTORK® sub delivers high-speed data though a secured wireless signal that provides the real-time monitoring needed to deliver repeatable & accurate connections, meeting the casing manufacturers’ specifications every time.  Precise measurement of each connection enables accurate and consistent makeup that ensures the integrity of entire casing string.

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Nabors’ also has a portfolio of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) services for the management and control of drilling fluid pressure including well control equipment rentals & testing, and managed pressure drilling solutions for challenging environment with narrow drilling windows.

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Rig Technologies

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Our Rig Technologies segment is primarily comprised of Canrig, which manufactures and sells top drives, catwalks, wrenches, drawworks and other drilling related equipment such as robotic systems and downhole tools which are installed on both onshore and offshore drilling rigs. Rig Technologies also provides aftermarket sales and services for the installed base of its equipment.

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Our Business Strategy

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Our business strategy is to build shareholder value and enhance our competitive position by:

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During the past several years we have transformed our fleet in the Lower 48 into what we believe is the most capable, modern fleet in the market. Our customer base recognizes the quality of our assets, the competency of our crews, our industry leading operational performance and the value added by our performance software and our services integration.

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Our PACE®-M750 rig was introduced in early 2018, as a significant, and capital efficient, retrofit to the existing PACE®-M550. We deployed seven of our PACE®-M750 rigs and two remaining upgraded F-rigs during the first half of 2019. As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately 80% utilization on our high-spec rig fleet.

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We believe our drilling technology portfolio positions us well to address the changing market dynamic both in the United States and internationally. Our technological development efforts drive toward a seamless integration of the rig’s operations with downhole sensing. Additionally, we have added complementary services to our traditional rig offering, in many cases replacing third-party providers of these complementary services as a single service provider. As such, we have achieved growth within our U.S. Drilling and Drilling Solutions operating segments despite overall market deterioration. As we move forward into 2020, we look to extract increasing value from our existing asset base. This includes the deployment of idle assets and repositioning to higher-value markets.

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Drilling Contracts

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Our drilling contracts are typically daywork contracts. A daywork contract generally provides for a basic rate per day when drilling (the dayrate for providing a rig and crew) and for lower rates when the rig is moving between drilling locations, or when drilling operations are interrupted or restricted by equipment breakdowns, adverse weather conditions or other conditions beyond our control. In addition, daywork contracts may provide for a lump-sum fee for the mobilization and demobilization of the rig, which in most cases approximates our anticipated costs. A daywork contract differs from a footage contract (in which the drilling contractor is paid on the basis of a rate per foot drilled) and a turnkey contract (in which the drilling contractor is paid for drilling a well to a specified depth for a fixed price). We also offer performance enhancing drilling services, performance software and equipment such as managed pressure services, directional drilling, rotary steering systems and measurement while drilling. These additional products and services are additive to our rig charges.

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Our contracts for land-based and offshore drilling have durations that are single-well, multi-well or term. Term contracts generally have durations ranging from six months to five years. Under term contracts, our rigs are committed to one customer. Offshore workover projects are often contracted on a single-well basis. We generally receive drilling contracts through competitive bidding, although we occasionally enter into contracts by direct negotiation. Most of our single-well contracts are subject to termination by the customer on short notice, while multi-well contracts and term contracts may provide us with early termination compensation in certain circumstances. Such payments may not fully compensate us for the loss of a contract, and in certain circumstances the customer may not be obligated, able or willing to make an early termination payment to us. Contract terms and rates differ depending on a variety of factors, including competitive conditions, the geographical area, the geological formation to be drilled, the equipment and services to be supplied, the on-site drilling conditions and the anticipated duration of the work to be performed.

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Our Customers

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Our customers include major international, national and independent oil and gas companies. One customer, Saudi Aramco, accounted for approximately 22%, 24% and 29% of our consolidated operating revenues during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, 2017, respectively, which operating revenues are primarily included in the results of our International Drilling reportable segment. Our contracts with Saudi Aramco are on a per rig basis. These contracts are primarily operated through SANAD, our joint venture with Saudi Aramco. See Part I, Item 1A.—Risk Factors—The loss of one or a number of our large customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our Employees

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As of December 31, 2019, we employed approximately 14,000 people in approximately 24 countries. Our number of employees fluctuates depending on the current and expected demand for our services. Some rig-based employees in Alaska, Argentina, Mexico and Venezuela are represented by collective bargaining units. We believe our relationship with our employees is generally good.

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Seasonality

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Our operations are subject to seasonal factors. Specifically, our drilling operations in Canada and Alaska generally experience reduced levels of activity and financial results during the second quarter of each year, due to the annual spring thaw. In addition, our U.S. offshore market can be impacted during summer months by tropical weather systems in the Gulf of Mexico. Global climate change could lengthen these periods of reduced activity, but we cannot currently estimate to what degree. Our overall financial results reflect the seasonal variations experienced in these operations, but seasonality does not materially impact the remaining portions of our business.

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Industry/Competitive Conditions

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To a large degree, our businesses depend on the level of capital spending by oil and gas companies for exploration, development and production activities. The level of exploration, development and production activities is to a large extent tied to the prices of oil and natural gas, which can fluctuate significantly and are highly volatile. A decrease or prolonged decline in the price of oil or natural gas or in the exploration, development and production activities of our customers could result in a corresponding decline in the demand for our services and/or a reduction in

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dayrates and utilization, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. See Part I, Item 1A.—Risk Factors— Fluctuations in oil and natural gas prices could adversely affect drilling activity and our revenues, cash flows and profitability, and—Our drilling contracts may in certain instances be renegotiated, suspended or terminated without an early termination payment and Item 7.— Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

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The markets in which we provide our services are highly competitive. We believe that competitive pricing is a significant factor in determining which service provider is awarded a job in these markets and customers are increasingly sensitive to pricing during periods of market instability. Historically, the number of available rigs and drilling-related equipment has exceeded demand in many of the markets in which we operate, resulting in strong price competition. This is due in part to the fact that most rigs and drilling-related equipment can be moved from one region to another in response to changes in the levels of exploration, development and production activities and market conditions, which may result in an oversupply of rigs and drilling-related equipment in certain areas.

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Although many rigs can be moved from one region to another in response to changes in levels of activity and many of the total available contracts are currently awarded on a bid basis, competition has increased based on the supply of existing and new rigs across all of our markets. Most available contracts for our services are currently awarded on a bid basis, which further increases competition based on price.

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In addition to price, other competitive factors in the markets we serve are the overall quality of service and safety record, the technical specification and condition of equipment, the availability of skilled personnel and the ability to offer ancillary services. Our drilling business is subject to certain additional competitive factors. For example, we believe our ability to deliver rigs with new technology and features and, in certain international markets, our experience operating in certain environments and strong customer relationships have been significant factors in the selection of Nabors for the provision of drilling services. We expect that the market for our drilling services will continue to be highly competitive. See Part I, Item 1A.—Risk Factors—We operate in a highly competitive industry with excess drilling capacity, which may adversely affect our results of operations.

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The global market for drilling and related products and services is competitive. Certain competitors are present in more than one of the markets in which we operate, although no one competitor operates in all such markets. Our strategy combines advanced drilling rig designs – complete with integrated downhole tools, surface equipment, and software – with operational performance, industry-leading safety, and an innovative technology roadmap.

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Significant competitors in our U.S. Drilling segment include: Helmerich & Payne Inc., Patterson-UTI Energy Inc., Precision Drilling Corp., and Ensign Energy Services Inc. In the U.S. Lower 48 land drilling market, we also compete with numerous smaller or regional drilling contractors. In our International segment, significant competitors with operations in multiple countries include KCA Deutag, Saipem S.p.A, as well as many contractors with regional or local rig operations.

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Our Rig Technologies segment competes primarily with National Oilwell Varco Inc., Bentec, and several smaller rig equipment suppliers. Our Drilling Solutions segment competes with services provided by Baker Hughes Co., Halliburton Co., Schlumberger Ltd., Frank’s International NV, Weatherford International PLC., as well as several of our drilling competitors and smaller, specialized service providers.

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Acquisitions and Divestitures

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We have grown from a land drilling business centered in the U.S. Lower 48, Canada and Alaska to an international business with operations on land and offshore in most of the major oil and gas markets in the world. This growth was fueled in part by strategic acquisitions. While we continuously consider and review strategic opportunities, including acquisitions, divestitures, joint ventures, alliances and other strategic transactions, there can be no assurance that such opportunities will continue to be available, that the pricing will be economical or that we will be successful in completing and realizing the expected benefits of such transactions in the future.

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We may sell a subsidiary or group of assets outside of our core markets or business if it is strategically or economically advantageous for us to do so. We undertook the following strategic transactions over the last three years.

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We entered into an agreement with Saudi Aramco, to form a new joint venture, SANAD, to own, manage and operate onshore drilling rigs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. SANAD, which is equally owned by Saudi Aramco and Nabors, began operations in the fourth quarter of 2017. The joint venture leverages our established business in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on Saudi Arabia's existing and future onshore oil and gas fields.

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In September 2017 we paid approximately $50.7 million in cash, subject to customary closing adjustments, to acquire Robotic Drilling Systems AS (“RDS”), a provider of automated tubular and tool handling equipment for the onshore and offshore drilling markets based in Stavanger, Norway. This transaction will allow us to integrate RDS’s highly capable team and product offering with the technology portfolio of Canrig, and strengthens the development of Canrig’s drilling automation solutions.

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In December 2017, we acquired all of the outstanding common shares of Tesco in an all-stock transaction. Tesco shareholders received 0.68 common shares of Nabors for each Tesco share owned, or approximately 32.1 million Nabors common shares. Tesco was a provider of products such as top drives and automated pipe handling equipment as well as tubular services to upstream companies. The combination of Tesco with Nabors’ current product offerings strengthens our ability to accelerate and scale deployment in drilling automation and analytics.

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In October 2018, we purchased PetroMar Technologies, a small developer and operator of LWD downhole tools focusing on high-value formation data to facilitate completion optimization particularly in unconventional reservoirs. The tools complement our existing wellbore placement capabilities and are included in our Drilling Solutions operating segment. Under the terms of the transaction, we paid an initial purchase price of $25.0 million. We may also be required to make future payments that are contingent upon the future financial performance of this operation.

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Environmental Compliance

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Sustainability is an essential part of the corporate culture at Nabors and an integral part of our strategic plans. We know that our success is directly linked to implementing and executing a broad range of sustainable practices. Through technological innovation, environmental impact planning, corporate safety initiatives and community relations activities, Nabors understands that how we conduct business is of equal importance to our results. Corporate responsibility guides every aspect of our daily activities and is the key to our continued success.

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We do not anticipate that compliance with currently applicable environmental rules and regulations and controls will significantly change our competitive position, capital spending or earnings during 2020. We believe we are in material compliance with applicable environmental rules and regulations and that the cost of such compliance is not material to our business or financial condition. For a more detailed description of the environmental rules and regulations applicable to our operations, see Part I, Item 1A.—Risk Factors—Changes to or noncompliance with governmental laws and regulations or exposure to environmental liabilities could adversely affect our results of operations.

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

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In addition to the other information set forth elsewhere in this annual report, the following factors should be carefully considered when evaluating Nabors. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations.

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Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks.

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Fluctuations in oil and natural gas prices could adversely affect drilling activity and our revenues, cash flows and profitability.

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Our operations depend on the level of spending by oil and gas companies for exploration, development and production activities. Both short-term and long-term trends in oil and natural gas prices affect these activity levels. Oil and natural gas prices, as well as the level of drilling, exploration and production activity, have been highly volatile over the past few years and are expected to continue to be volatile for the foreseeable future. Declines in oil prices are primarily caused by, among other things, an excess of supply of crude oil in relation to demand. Worldwide military, political and economic events, including initiatives by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) and

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OPEC+, affect both the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas. In addition, weather conditions, governmental regulation (both in the United States and elsewhere), levels of consumer demand for oil and natural gas, general economic conditions, oil and gas production levels by non-OPEC countries, decisions by more expensive production sources to continue producing oil and gas despite excess supply, the availability and demand for drilling equipment and pipeline capacity, availability and pricing of alternative energy sources, and other factors beyond our control may also affect the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas.

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Lower oil and natural gas prices also could adversely impact our cash forecast models used to determine whether the carrying values of our long-lived assets exceed our future cash flows, which could result in future impairment to our long-lived assets. Additionally, these circumstances could indicate that the carrying amount of our goodwill and intangible assets may exceed their fair value, which could result in a future goodwill impairment. Lower oil and natural gas prices also could affect our ability to retain skilled rig personnel and affect our ability to access capital to finance and grow our business. There can be no assurances as to the future level of demand for our services or future conditions in the oil and natural gas and oilfield services industries.

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Our customers and thereby our business and profitability could be adversely affected by low oil prices and/or turmoil in the global economy.

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Changes in general economic and political conditions may negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. As a result of the volatility of oil and natural gas prices, we are unable to fully predict the level of exploration, drilling and production activities of our customers and whether our customers and/or vendors will be able to sustain their operations and fulfill their commitments and obligations. If oil prices remain at the current relatively low levels or decrease and/or global economic conditions deteriorate, there could be a material adverse impact on the liquidity and operations of our customers, vendors and other worldwide business partners, which in turn could have a material impact on our results of operations and liquidity. Furthermore, these conditions may result in certain of our customers experiencing an inability to pay vendors, including us. In addition, we may experience difficulties forecasting future capital expenditures by our customers, which in turn could lead to either over capacity or, in the event of further recovery in oil prices and the world wide economy, undercapacity, either of which could adversely affect our operations. There can be no assurance that the global economic environment will not deteriorate again in the future due to one or more factors.

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We operate in a highly competitive industry with excess drilling capacity, which may adversely affect our results of operations.

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The oilfield services industry is very competitive with a significant amount of excess capacity, especially in low oil price environments. Contract drilling companies compete primarily on a regional basis, and competition may vary significantly from region to region at any particular time. Most rigs and drilling-related equipment can be moved from one region to another in response to changes in levels of activity and market conditions, which may result in an oversupply of such rigs and drilling-related equipment in certain areas, and accordingly, increased price competition. In addition, in recent years, the ability to deliver rigs with new technology and features has become an important factor in determining job awards. Our customers increasingly demand the services of newer, higher specification drilling rigs, which requires continued technological developments and increased capital expenditures. Our ability to continually provide technologically competitive drilling-related equipment and services can impact our ability to defend, maintain or increase prices, maintain market share, and negotiate acceptable contract terms with our customers. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and services and changes in customer requirements for equipment. New technologies, services or standards could render some of our services, drilling rigs or equipment obsolete, which could adversely impact our ability to compete. Another key factor in job award determinations is our ability to maintain a strong safety record. If we are unable to remain competitive based on these and/or other competitive factors, we may be unable to increase or even maintain our market share, utilization rates and/or day rates for our services, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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We must renew customer contracts to remain competitive.

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Our ability to renew existing customer contracts, or obtain new contracts, and the terms of any such contracts depends on market conditions and our customers’ future drilling plans, which are subject to change. Due to the highly competitive nature of the industry, which can be exacerbated during periods of depressed market conditions, we may not be able to renew or replace expiring contracts or, if we are able to, we may not be able to secure or improve existing

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dayrates or other material terms, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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The nature of our operations presents inherent risks of loss, including environmental and weather-related risks, that could adversely affect our results of operations.

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Our operations are subject to many hazards inherent in the drilling and workover industries, including environmental pollution, blowouts, cratering, explosions, fires, loss of well control, loss of or damage to the wellbore or underground reservoir, damaged or lost drilling equipment and damage or loss from inclement weather or natural disasters. Any of these hazards could result in personal injury or death, damage to or destruction of equipment and facilities, suspension of operations, environmental and natural resources damage and damage to the property of others. Global climate change could lengthen these periods of reduced activity, but we cannot currently estimate to what degree. Our offshore operations involve the additional hazards of marine operations including pollution of coastal waters, damage to wildlife and natural habitats, capsizing, grounding, collision, damage from hurricanes and heavy weather or sea conditions and unsound ocean bottom conditions. Our operations are also subject to risks of war, civil disturbances or other political events.

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Accidents may occur, we may be unable to obtain desired contractual indemnities, and our insurance may prove inadequate in certain cases. The occurrence of an event for which we are not fully insured or indemnified against, or the failure or inability of a customer or insurer to meet its indemnification or insurance obligations, could result in substantial losses that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and liquidity. In addition, insurance may not be available to cover any or all of these risks. Even if available, insurance may be inadequate or insurance premiums or other costs may increase significantly in the future, making insurance prohibitively expensive. We expect to continue facing upward pressure in our insurance renewals, our premiums and deductibles may be higher, and some insurance coverage may either be unavailable or more expensive than it has been in the past. Moreover, our insurance coverage generally provides that we assume a portion of the risk in the form of a deductible or self-insured retention. We may choose to increase the levels of deductibles (and thus assume a greater degree of risk) from time to time in order to minimize our overall costs, which could exacerbate the impact of our losses on our financial condition and liquidity.

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Our drilling contracts may in certain instances be renegotiated, suspended or terminated without an early termination payment.

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Most of our multi-well and term drilling contracts require that an early termination payment be made to us if a contract is terminated by the customer prior to its expiration. However, such payments may not fully compensate us for the loss of a contract, and in certain circumstances such as, but not limited to, non-performance caused by significant operational or equipment issues (such as destruction of a drilling rig that is not replaced within a specified period of time), sustained periods of downtime due to a force majeure event, or other events beyond our control or some other breach of our contractual obligations, our customers may not be obligated to make an early termination payment to us at all. In addition, some contracts may be suspended, rather than terminated early, for an extended period of time, in some cases without adequate compensation. The early termination or suspension of a contract may result in a rig being idle for an extended period of time, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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During periods of depressed market conditions, we may be subject to an increased risk of our customers (including government-controlled entities) seeking to renegotiate, repudiate or terminate their contracts and/or to otherwise exert commercial influence to our disadvantage. The downturn in the oil price environment resulted in downward pricing pressure and decreased demand for our drilling services with existing customers, resulting in renegotiations of pricing and other terms in our drilling contracts with certain customers and early termination of contracts by others. Our customers’ ability to perform their obligations under the contracts, including their ability to pay us or fulfill their indemnity obligations, may also be impacted by an economic or industry downturn or other adverse conditions in the oil and gas industry. If we were to sustain a loss and our customers were unable to honor their indemnification and/or payment obligations, it could adversely affect our liquidity. If our customers cancel some of our contracts, and we are unable to secure new contracts on a timely basis and/or on substantially similar terms, or if contracts are suspended for an extended period of time with or without adequate compensation or renegotiated with pricing or other terms less favorable to us, it could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

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We may record additional losses or impairment charges related to sold or idle drilling rigs and other assets.

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In 2019, 2018 and 2017, we recognized impairment charges of $290.5 million, $124.9 million and $6.9 million, respectively, related to tangible assets and equipment. Prolonged periods of low utilization or low dayrates, the cold stacking of idle assets, the sale of assets below their then carrying value or the decline in market value of our assets may cause us to experience further losses. If future cash flow estimates, based upon information available to management at the time, including oil and gas prices and expected utilization levels, indicate that the carrying value of any of our rigs may not be recoverable or if we sell assets for less than their then carrying value, we may recognize additional impairment charges on our fleet.

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The loss of one or a number of our large customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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In 2019, 2018 and 2017, we received approximately 41%, 41% and 45%, respectively, of our consolidated operating revenues from our three largest contract drilling customers (including their affiliates), with our largest customer and partner in our SANAD joint venture, Saudi Aramco, representing 22%, 24% and 29% of our consolidated operating revenues, respectively, for these periods. The loss of one or more of our larger customers would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition, if a significant customer experiences liquidity constraints or other financial difficulties it may be unable to make required payments or seek to renegotiate contracts, which could adversely affect our liquidity and profitability. Financial difficulties experienced by customers could also adversely affect our utilization rates in the affected market and may cause our counterparties to seek modifications to our contracts with them.

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The profitability of our operations could be adversely affected by war, civil disturbance, terrorist activity or other political or economic instability, fluctuation in currency exchange rates and local import and export controls.

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We derive a significant portion of our business from global markets, including major operations in the Middle East, South America, the Far East, North Africa and Russia. These operations are subject to various risks, including war, civil disturbances, labor strikes, political or economic instability, terrorist activity and governmental actions that may limit or disrupt markets, restrict the movement of funds or result in limits or restrictions in our ability to operate or compete, the deprivation of contractual rights or the taking of property without fair compensation. In some countries, our operations may be subject to the additional risk of fluctuating currency values and exchange controls. We also are subject to various laws and regulations that govern the operation and taxation of our business and the import and export of our equipment from country to country, the imposition, application and interpretation of which can prove to be uncertain.

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For example, we are exposed to risks related to political instability in Venezuela. On January 28, 2019, the United States Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control designated Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. (“PdVSA”) as a Specially Designated National under Executive Order 13850 (the “Order”). The Order prohibited, among other things, business dealings with PdVSA or any entity in which PdVSA owns, directly or indirectly, a 50 percent or greater interest. Currently, Nabors operates one rig in Venezuela, under contracts with Chevron and a joint venture that is majority-owned by PdVSA, Petropiar. The political uncertainty and civil unrest in Venezuela could have a significant impact on our operations there, including the risk that one or more of our rigs could be nationalized by the government or that we will not be paid for our services. Nabors continues to evaluate the potential impact of these developments on its business and operations in Venezuela.

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To the extent that any of these risks arising from our operations in global markets are realized, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our financial and operating flexibility could be affected by our long-term debt and other financial commitments.

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The 2012 Revolving Credit Facility requires us to maintain a net funded debt to capital ratio of 0.60:1 or less. The net funded debt to capital ratio is calculated by dividing net funded debt by net capital. For purposes of the 2012 Revolving Credit Facility and the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, net funded debt is total debt minus the sum of cash and cash equivalents (other than restricted cash). Net capital is the sum of net funded debt plus shareholders’ equity. As of December 31, 2019, our net funded debt to capital ratio was approximately 0.59:1.

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The 2018 Revolving Credit Facility requires us to maintain a net leverage ratio 5.50:1 or less and an asset to debt coverage ratio of at least 2.50:1, as of the end of each calendar quarter. As of December 31, 2019, the net leverage ratio was 3.55:1 and the asset to debt coverage ratio was 4.28:1. The net leverage ratio is calculated by dividing net funded debt by EBITDA (as defined in the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility) of Nabors and its subsidiaries for the latest four consecutive fiscal quarters for which financial statements are required to have been delivered pursuant to the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. The asset to debt coverage ratio is calculated by dividing (x) drilling-related fixed assets wholly owned by certain of Nabors’ subsidiaries that are guaranteeing the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility (the ‘‘2018 Revolver Guarantors’’) or wholly owned subsidiaries of the 2018 Revolver Guarantors by (y) the commitments under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility and certain other indebtedness up to $100 million. The asset to debt coverage ratio applies only during the period which Nabors Delaware fails to maintain an investment grade rating from at least two rating agencies, which was the case as of the date of this report.

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The net funded debt to capital ratio, the net leverage ratio and the asset to debt coverage ratio are not measures of operating performance or liquidity defined by U.S. GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. The net funded debt to capital ratio is a method for calculating the amount of leverage a company has in relation to its capital.

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As of December 31, 2019, our consolidated total outstanding indebtedness was $3.3 billion. We also have various financial commitments, such as leases, contracts and purchase commitments. Our ability to service our debt and other financial obligations depends in large part upon the level of cash flows generated by our operating subsidiaries’ operations, our ability to monetize and/or divest non-core assets, availability under our unsecured revolving credit facilities and our ability to access the capital markets and/or other sources of financing. If we cannot repay or refinance our debt as it becomes due, we may be forced to sell assets or reduce funding in the future for working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes, any of which could negatively impact our stock price or financial condition.

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Our ability to access capital markets could be limited.

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From time to time, we may need to access capital markets to obtain long-term and short-term financing. However, our ability to access capital markets could be limited or adversely affected by, among other things, oil and gas prices, our existing capital structure, our credit ratings, interest rates and the health or market perceptions of the drilling and overall oil and gas industry and the global economy. In addition, many of the factors that affect our ability to access capital markets, such as the liquidity of the overall capital markets and the state of the economy and oil and gas industry, are outside of our control. No assurance can be given that we will be able to access capital markets on terms acceptable to us when required to do so, which could adversely affect our business, liquidity and results of operations.

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A downgrade in our credit rating could negatively impact our cost of and ability to access capital markets or other financing sources.

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Our ability to access capital markets or to otherwise obtain sufficient financing may be affected by our senior unsecured debt ratings as provided by the major U.S. credit rating agencies. Factors that may impact our credit ratings include debt levels, asset purchases or sales, as well as near-term and long-term growth opportunities and industry conditions. Liquidity, asset quality, cost structure, market diversity, and commodity pricing levels and others also are considered by the rating agencies. Our senior unsecured debt has a non-investment grade rating. Further ratings downgrades may impact our cost of capital and ability to access capital markets or other financing sources, any of which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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Changes in the method of determining London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), or the replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate, may adversely affect interest expense related to outstanding debt.

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Amounts drawn under the 2012 Revolving Credit Facility and the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility bear interest rates in relation to LIBOR. On July 27, 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) in the United Kingdom announced that it would phase out LIBOR as a benchmark by the end of 2021. It is unclear whether new methods of calculating LIBOR will be established such that it continues to exist after 2021. The U.S. Federal Reserve is considering replacing U.S. dollar LIBOR with a newly created index called the Broad Treasury Financing Rate, calculated with a broad set of short-term repurchase agreements backed by treasury securities. If LIBOR ceases to exist and a generally accepted market replacement is not available, we may need to renegotiate the 2012 Revolving Credit Facility or the 2018

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Revolving Credit Facility and may not able to do so with terms that are favorable to us. The overall financial markets may be disrupted as a result of the phase-out or replacement of LIBOR. Disruption in the financial market or the inability to renegotiate the 2012 Revolving Credit Facility or the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility with favorable terms could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

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We may be subject to changes in tax laws and have additional tax liabilities.

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We operate through various subsidiaries in numerous countries throughout the world. Consequently, we are subject to changes in tax laws, treaties or regulations or the interpretation or enforcement thereof in the United States or jurisdictions in which we or any of our subsidiaries operate or are organized.

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The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Reform Act”) (H.R. 1), adopted sweeping changes to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code which also could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition to lowering the U.S. corporate income tax rate and numerous other changes, the new law imposes more stringent limitations on the deductibility of interest expense, the deductibility of net operating losses and imposes a type of minimum tax designed to reduce the benefits derived from intercompany transactions and payments that result in base erosion. Tax laws, treaties and regulations are highly complex and subject to interpretation. Our income tax expense is based upon our interpretation of the tax laws in effect in various countries at the time that the expense was incurred. Although the Tax Reform Act has not had a material impact on our financial statements to date, if these tax laws, treaties or regulations change or any tax authority successfully challenges our assessment of the effects of such laws, treaties and regulations in any country, including our operational structure, intercompany pricing policies or the taxable presence of our subsidiaries in certain countries, this could have a material adverse effect on us, resulting in a higher effective tax rate on our consolidated earnings or a reclassification of the tax impact of our significant corporate restructuring transactions.

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The Company’s ability to use its net operating loss carryforwards, and possibly other tax attributes, to offset future taxable income for U.S. federal income tax purposes may be significantly limited due to various circumstances, including future transactions involving the sale or issuance of Company equity securities, or if taxable income does not reach sufficient levels.

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As of December 31, 2019, the Company reported consolidated federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $418.3 million and certain other favorable federal income tax attributes. The Company’s ability to use its NOL carryforwards and certain other attributes may be limited if it experiences an “ownership change” as defined in Section 382 (“Section 382”) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). An ownership change generally occurs if there is a more than 50 percentage point increase in the aggregate equity ownership of the Company by one or more “5 percent shareholders” (as that term is defined for purposes of Sections 382 and 383 of the Code) in any testing period, which is generally the three-year period preceding any potential ownership change, measured against their lowest percentage ownership at any time during such period.

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There is no assurance that the Company will not experience an ownership change under Section 382 as a result of future actions that may significantly limit or possibly eliminate its ability to use its NOL carryforwards and potentially certain other tax attributes. Potential future transactions involving the sale, issuance, redemption or other disposition of common or preferred shares, the exercise of conversion or exchange options under the terms of any convertible or exchangeable debt, the repurchase of any such debt with Company shares, in each case, by a person owning, or treated as owning, 5% or more of the Company’s shares, or a combination of such transactions, may cause or increase the possibility that the Company will experience an ownership change under Section 382. Under Section 382, an ownership change would subject the Company to an annual limitation that applies to the amount of pre-ownership change NOLs (and possibly certain other tax attributes) that may be used to offset post-ownership change taxable income. If a Section 382 limitation applies, the limitation could cause the Company’s U.S. federal income taxes to be greater, or to be paid earlier, than they otherwise would be, and could cause all or a portion of the Company’s NOL carryforwards to expire unused. Similar rules and limitations may apply for state income tax purposes. The Company’s ability to use its NOL carryforwards will also depend on the amount of taxable income it generates in future periods. The Company’s NOL carryforwards may expire before it can generate sufficient taxable income to use them in full.

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Changes to or noncompliance with laws and regulations or exposure to environmental liabilities could adversely affect our results of operations.

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Drilling of oil and natural gas wells is subject to various laws and regulations in the jurisdictions where we operate, including comprehensive and frequently changing laws and regulations relating to the protection of human health and the environment, including those regulating the transport, storage, use, treatment, storage, disposal and remediation of, and exposure to, solid and hazardous wastes and materials. In addition, the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act provides the federal government with broad discretion in regulating the leasing of offshore oil and gas production sites. Our costs to comply with these laws and regulations may be substantial. Violation of environmental laws or regulations could lead to the imposition of administrative, civil or criminal penalties, capital expenditures, delays in the permitting or performance of projects, and in some cases injunctive relief. Violations may also result in liabilities for personal injuries, property and natural resource damage and other costs and claims. We are not always successful in allocating all risks of these environmental liabilities to customers, and it is possible that customers who assume the risks will be financially unable to bear any resulting costs.

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In addition, U.S. federal laws and the laws of other jurisdictions regulate the prevention of oil spills and the release of hazardous substances, and may impose liability for removal costs and natural resource, real or personal property and certain economic damages arising from any spills. Some of these laws may impose strict and/or joint and several liability for clean-up costs and damages without regard to the conduct of the parties. As an owner and operator of onshore and offshore rigs and other equipment, we may be deemed to be a responsible party under federal law. In addition, we are subject to various laws governing the containment and disposal of hazardous substances, oilfield waste and other waste materials and the use of underground storage tanks.

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The expansion of the scope of laws or regulations protecting the environment has accelerated in recent years, particularly outside the United States, and we expect this trend to continue. For example, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (‘‘EPA’’) has promulgated final rules requiring the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions applicable to certain offshore oil and natural gas production and onshore oil and natural gas production, processing, transmission, storage and distribution facilities. In June 2016, the EPA published final standards to reduce methane emissions for certain new, modified, or reconstructed facilities in the oil and gas industry but, in June 2017, the EPA published a proposed rule that would stay certain portions of the June 2016 standards for two years and reconsider the entirety of the June 2016 standards. The requirements of the June 2016 standards currently remain in effect, pending the EPA taking final action on its proposed two-year stay, which will likely be promptly challenged. In October 2018, the EPA issued a proposed rule that would reconsider limits on methane emissions set by the June 2016 standards and reduce inspection and repair requirements.

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Changes in environmental laws and regulations may also negatively impact the operations of oil and natural gas exploration and production companies, which in turn could have an adverse effect on us. For example, drilling, fluids, produced water and most of the other wastes associated with the exploration, development and production of oil or gas, if properly handled, are currently exempt from regulation as hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (‘‘RCRA’’) and instead, are regulated under RCRA’s less stringent non-hazardous waste provisions. However, following the filing of a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia in May 2016 by several non-governmental environmental groups against the EPA for the agency’s failure to timely assess its RCRA Subtitle D criteria regulations for oil and gas wastes, the EPA and the environmental groups entered into an agreement that was finalized in a Consent Decree issued by the District Court on December 28, 2016. Under the Consent Decree, the EPA is required to propose no later than March 15, 2019, a rulemaking for revision of certain Subtitle D criteria regulations pertaining to oil and gas wastes or sign a determination that revision of the regulations is not necessary. If the EPA proposes a rulemaking for revised oil and gas waste regulations, the Consent Decree requires that the EPA take final action following notice and comment rulemaking no later than July 15, 2021. Any reclassification of such wastes as RCRA hazardous wastes could result in more stringent and costly handling, disposal and clean-up requirements.

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Legislators and regulators in the United States and other jurisdictions where we operate also focus increasingly on restricting the emission of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases that may contribute to warming of the Earth’s atmosphere, and other climate changes. The U.S. Congress has considered, but not adopted, legislation designed to reduce emission of greenhouse gases, and some states in which we operate have passed legislation or adopted initiatives, such as the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative in the Northeastern United States, which establishes greenhouse gas inventories and/or cap-and-trade programs. Some international initiatives have been or may be adopted, which could result in increased costs of operations in covered jurisdictions. In December 2015, the United Nations

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Framework Convention on Climate Change in Paris, France finalized an agreement, referred to as the “Paris Agreement’, requiring member countries to review and ‘‘represent a progression’’ in their intended nationally determined contributions, which set greenhouse gas emission reduction goals every five years beginning in 2020, including pledges to voluntarily limit or make future greenhouse gas emissions. The United States signed the Paris Agreement in 2016 but formally withdrew in August 2017. The withdrawal will take effect in November 2020. Several U.S. states formed the United States Climate Alliance to advance the objectives of the Paris Agreement at the state level despite the federal withdrawal.

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In addition, the EPA has published findings that emissions of greenhouse gases present an endangerment to public health and the environment, which could lead to further regulation of greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act. The EPA has already issued rules requiring monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions from the oil and natural gas sector, including onshore and offshore production activities. Although in November 2016, the Bureau of Land Management (‘‘BLM’’) issued a rule requiring reductions in methane emissions from venting, flaring, and leaking activities on public lands, the BLM rescinded the rule in September 2018. Several states have sued the BLM seeking to restore the November 2016 rule, and other states may regulate methane emissions by state law. Future or more stringent federal or state regulation could dramatically increase operating costs for oil and natural gas companies, curtail production and demand for oil and natural gas in areas of the world where our customers operate, and reduce the market for our services by making wells and/or oilfields uneconomical to operate, which may in turn adversely affect results of operations.

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We rely on third-party suppliers, manufacturers and service providers to secure equipment, components and parts used in rig operations, conversions, upgrades and construction.

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Our reliance on third-party suppliers, manufacturers and service providers to provide equipment and services exposes us to volatility in the quality, price and availability of such items. Certain components, parts and equipment that we use in our operations may be available only from a small number of suppliers, manufacturers or service providers. The failure of one or more third-party suppliers, manufacturers or service providers to provide equipment, components, parts or services, whether due to capacity constraints, production or delivery disruptions, price increases, quality control issues, recalls or other decreased availability of parts and equipment, is beyond our control and could materially disrupt our operations or result in the delay, renegotiation or cancellation of drilling contracts, thereby causing a loss of contract drilling backlog and/or revenue to us, as well as an increase in operating costs.

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Additionally, our suppliers, manufacturers, and service providers could be negatively impacted by changes in industry conditions or global economic conditions. If certain of our suppliers, manufacturers or service providers were to curtail or discontinue their business as a result of such conditions, it could result in a reduction or interruption in supplies or equipment available to us and/or a significant increase in the price of such supplies and equipment, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Any violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or any other similar anti-corruption laws could have a negative impact on us.

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A significant portion of our revenue is derived from operations outside the United States, which exposes us to complex foreign and U.S. regulations inherent in doing cross-border business and in each of the countries in which we transact business. We are subject to compliance with the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (‘‘FCPA’’) and other similar anti-corruption laws, which generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. The SEC and U.S. Department of Justice have continued to focus on enforcement activities with respect to the FCPA. While our employees and agents are required to comply with applicable anti-corruption laws, and we have adopted policies and procedures and related training programs meant to ensure compliance, we cannot be sure that our internal policies, procedures and programs will always protect us from violations of these laws. Violations of these laws may result in severe criminal and civil sanctions as well as other penalties. The occurrence or allegation of these types of risks may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Provisions in our organizational documents may be insufficient to thwart a coercive hostile takeover attempt; conversely, these provisions and those in our outstanding debt and Saudi joint venture documents may deter a change of control transaction and decrease the likelihood of a shareholder receiving a change of control premium.

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Companies generally seek to prevent coercive takeovers by parties unwilling to pay fair value for the enterprise they acquire. Provisions in our organizational documents that are meant to help us avoid a coercive takeover include:

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Certain actions taken by us could make it easier for another party to acquire control of the Company. For instance, in June 2012 we adopted an amendment to our bye-laws to declassify the Board, we did not renew our shareholder rights plan when it expired in July 2016, and in 2017 we amended our policy regarding nomination and proxy access for director candidates recommended by shareholders. Conversely, the provisions designed to prevent hostile takeovers, or protect holders of our debt instruments and our joint venture partner, may deter transactions in which shareholders would receive a change of control premium. For example, certain change of control transactions could accelerate the principal amounts outstanding, and require premiums payments, under our debt instruments, or trigger a call option to purchase our interest in SANAD, our joint venture with Saudi Aramco.

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Legal proceedings and governmental investigations could affect our financial condition and results of operations.

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We are subject to legal proceedings and governmental investigations from time to time that include employment, tort, intellectual property and other claims, and purported class action and shareholder derivative actions, including claims related to our acquisition of Tesco. We are also subject to complaints and allegations from former, current or prospective employees from time to time, alleging violations of employment-related laws or other whistle blower-related matters. Lawsuits or claims could result in decisions against us that could have an adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. See ‘‘Item 3—Legal Proceedings’’ for a discussion of certain existing legal proceedings.

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Our business is subject to cybersecurity risks.

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Our operations are increasingly dependent on information technologies and services. Threats to information technology systems associated with cybersecurity risks and cyber incidents or attacks continue to grow, and include, among other things, storms and natural disasters, terrorist attacks, utility outages, theft, viruses, phishing, malware, design defects, human error, and complications encountered as existing systems are maintained, repaired, replaced, or upgraded. Risks associated with these threats include, among other things:

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Although we utilize various procedures and controls to mitigate our exposure to such risk, cybersecurity attacks and other cyber events are evolving and unpredictable. Moreover, we have no control over the information technology systems of our customers, suppliers, and others with which our systems may connect and communicate. As a result, the occurrence of a cyber incident could go unnoticed for a period time.

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We do not presently maintain insurance coverage to protect against cybersecurity risks. If we procure such coverage in the future, we cannot ensure that it will be sufficient to cover any particular losses we may experience as a result of such cyberattacks. Any cyber incident could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Changes to United States tax, tariff and import/export regulations may have a negative effect on global economic conditions, financial markets and our business.

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There have been ongoing discussions and commentary regarding potential significant changes to the United States trade policies, treaties, tariffs and taxes, including trade policies and tariffs regarding China. In 2018, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (the “USTR”) enacted tariffs on imports into the U.S. from China. In September 2018, the USTR enacted another tariff on the import of other Chinese products with an additional combined import value of approximately $200 billion. The tariff became effective on September 24, 2018, with an initial rate of 10%, with the potential for significant increases if the U.S. and China do not reach a new trade deal in the near term. There is significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States and other countries with respect to the trade policies, treaties, taxes, government regulations and tariffs that would be applicable. It is unclear what changes might be considered or implemented and what response to any such changes may be by the governments of other countries. Significant tariffs or other restrictions placed on Chinese imports and any related counter-measures that are taken by China could have an adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. Even in the absence of further tariffs, the related uncertainty and the market's fear of an escalating trade war might create forecasting difficulties for us and cause our customers and business partners to place fewer orders for our products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, liquidity, financial condition, and/or results of operations. These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, may have a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, and may significantly reduce global trade and, in particular, trade between these nations and the United States. Any of these factors could depress economic activity and restrict our access to suppliers or customers and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and affect our strategy around the world. Given the relatively fluid regulatory environment in China and the United States and relative uncertainty with respect to tariffs, international trade agreements and policies, a trade war, further governmental action related to tariffs or international trade policies, or additional tax or other regulatory changes in the future could directly and adversely impact our financial results and results of operations.

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Failure to realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions, divestitures, investments, joint ventures and other strategic transactions may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial position.

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We undertake from time to time acquisitions, divestitures, investments, joint ventures, alliances and other strategic transactions that we expect to further our business objectives. For example, in October 2016, we announced an agreement to form a new joint venture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which commenced operations in December, 2017. The success of the Saudi joint venture depends, to a large degree, on the satisfactory performance of our joint venture partner’s obligations, including contributions of capital, drilling units and related equipment, and our ability to maintain an effective, working relationship with our joint venture partner.

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We also completed the acquisition of Tesco in December 2017. We are still attempting to obtain certain regulatory approvals related to the Tesco acquisition, and may not be able to do so in certain jurisdictions.

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The anticipated benefits of the Saudi joint venture, the Tesco acquisition, and other strategic transactions may not be fully realized, or may be realized more slowly than expected, and may result in operational and financial consequences, including, but not limited to, the loss of key customers, suppliers or employees, or the disposition of certain assets or operations, which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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The loss of key executives or inability to attract and retain experienced technical personnel could reduce our competitiveness and harm prospects for future success.

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The successful execution of our business strategies depends, in part, on the continued service of certain key executive officers and employees. We have employment agreements with some of our key personnel within the company, but no assurance can be given that any employee will remain with us, whether or not they have entered into an employment agreement. We do not carry key man insurance. In addition, our operations depend, in part, on our ability to attract and retain experienced technical professionals. Competition for such professionals is intense. The loss of key executive officers and/or our inability to retain or attract experienced technical personnel, could reduce our competitiveness and harm prospects for future success, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Significant issuances of common shares or exercises of stock options could adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

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As of February 19, 2020, we had 800,000,000 authorized common shares, of which 419,928,615 shares were outstanding and entitled to vote, including 52,800,203 million held by our subsidiaries. In addition, 6,631,194 common shares were reserved for issuance pursuant to stock option and employee benefit plans, 31,997,773 common shares were reserved for issuance upon exchange of outstanding Exchangeable Notes, and 37,096,700 common shares were reserved for issuance upon conversion of outstanding mandatory convertible preferred shares. The sale, or availability for sale, of substantial amounts of our common shares in the public market, whether directly by us or resulting from the exercise of options (and, where applicable, sales pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act) or the exchange of Exchangeable Notes or the conversion of mandatory convertible preferred shares for common shares, would be dilutive to existing shareholders, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common shares and could impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities.

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Our common share price has been and may continue to be volatile.

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The trading price of our common shares has fluctuated in the past and is subject to significant fluctuations in response to the following factors, some of which are beyond our control:

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The trading market for our common stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our markets or our competitors. We do not have any control over these analysts and we cannot provide any assurance that analysts will cover us or provide favorable coverage. If any of the analysts who may cover us adversely change their recommendation regarding our stock, or provide more favorable

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relative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price could materially decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of our Company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to materially decline.

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During 2019, our stock price on the NYSE ranged from a high of $4.08 per common share to a low of $1.50 per common share. In recent years, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price for many companies in industries similar to ours. Some of these fluctuations have been unrelated to the operating performance of the affected companies. These market fluctuations may decrease the market price of our common shares in the future.

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As a holding company, we depend on our operating subsidiaries and investments to meet our financial obligations.

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We are a holding company with no significant assets other than the stock of our subsidiaries. In order to meet our financial needs and obligations, we rely exclusively on repayments of interest and principal on intercompany loans that we have made to operating subsidiaries and income from dividends and other cash flow from such subsidiaries. There can be no assurance that such operating subsidiaries will generate sufficient net income to pay dividends or sufficient cash flow to make payments of interest and principal to Nabors in respect of intercompany loans. In addition, from time to time, such operating subsidiaries may enter into financing arrangements that contractually restrict or prohibit these types of upstream payments to Nabors. Nabors’ debt instruments do not contain covenants prohibiting any such contractual restrictions. There may also be adverse tax consequences associated with such operating subsidiaries paying dividends. Finally, the ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to us, may be restricted by the laws of the applicable subsidiaries’ jurisdictions of organization and other laws and regulations. If subsidiaries are unable to distribute or otherwise make payments to us, we may not be able to pay interest or principal on obligations when due, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the necessary funds from other sources.

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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

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Not applicable.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

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Nabors’ principal executive offices are located in Hamilton, Bermuda. We own or lease executive and administrative office space in Houston, Texas; Anchorage, Alaska; Calgary, Canada; Dubai in the United Arab Emirates; Bogota, Colombia; Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; and Sandnes, Norway. Our principal physical properties are rigs which are more fully described in Part I, Item 1.—Business.

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Many of the international drilling rigs and some of the Alaska rigs in our fleet are supported by mobile camps which house the drilling crews and a significant inventory of spare parts and supplies. In addition, we own various trucks, forklifts, cranes, earth-moving and other construction and transportation equipment, which are used to support our operations. We also own or lease a number of facilities and storage yards used in support of operations in each of our geographic markets.

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We own certain mineral interests in connection with our investment in development and production of natural gas, oil and natural gas liquids in the United States.

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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

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Nabors and its subsidiaries are defendants or otherwise involved in a number of lawsuits in the ordinary course of business. We estimate the range of our liability related to pending litigation when we believe the amount and range of loss can be estimated. We record our best estimate of a loss when the loss is considered probable. When a liability is probable and there is a range of estimated loss with no best estimate in the range, we record the minimum estimated liability related to the lawsuits or claims. As additional information becomes available, we assess the potential liability related to our pending litigation and claims and revise our estimates. Due to uncertainties related to the resolution of lawsuits and claims, the ultimate outcome may differ from our estimates. For matters where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and significant, we disclose the nature of the matter and a range of potential exposure, unless an estimate cannot be made at the time of disclosure. In the opinion of management and based on liability accruals provided, our ultimate exposure with respect to these pending lawsuits and claims is not expected to have a material

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adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or cash flows, although they could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations for a particular reporting period. See Note 15 — Commitments and Contingencies in Part II, Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for a description of such proceedings. 

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ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

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Not applicable.

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PART II

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ITEM 5. MARKET PRICE OF AND DIVIDENDS ON THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

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Market Information.

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Our common shares, par value $0.001 per share, are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “NBR”.

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On February 19, 2020, the closing price of our common shares as reported on the NYSE was $2.27.

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Holders.

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At February 19, 2020, there were approximately 1,874 shareholders of record of our common shares.

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Dividends.

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On February 20, 2020, our Board declared cash dividends of (i) $0.01 per outstanding Common Share, par value $0.001 per share, which will be paid on April 2, 2020, to holders of record at the close of business on March 12, 2020, and (ii) $0.75 per outstanding share of our 6.00% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Shares, Series A, par value $0.001 per share, which will be paid on May 1, 2020, to holders of record at the close of business on April 15, 2020.

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The declaration and payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of the Board and will depend, among other things, on future earnings, general financial condition and liquidity, success in business activities, capital requirements and general business conditions in addition to legal requirements.

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See Part I, Item 1A.—Risk Factors—As a holding company, we depend on our operating subsidiaries to meet our financial obligations.

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Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

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The following table provides information relating to our repurchase of common shares during the three months ended December 31, 2019:

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Performance Graph

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The following graph illustrates comparisons of five-year cumulative total returns among Nabors, the S&P 500 Index, S&P SmallCap 600 Index, Russell 3000 Index and Dow Jones Oil Equipment and Services Index. We present all of these indices. Total return assumes $100 invested on December 31, 2014 in shares of Nabors and in the

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aforementioned indices noted above assuming reinvestment of dividends at the end of each calendar year, presented in the table below.

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The foregoing graph is based on historical data and is not necessarily indicative of future performance. This graph shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or “filed” with the SEC or subject to Regulations 14A or 14C under the Exchange Act or to the liabilities of Section 18 under the Exchange Act.

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Related Shareholder Matters

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Bermuda has exchange controls which apply to residents in respect of the Bermuda dollar. As an exempted company, Nabors is designated as non-resident for Bermuda exchange control purposes by the Bermuda Monetary Authority. Pursuant to our non-resident status, there are no Bermuda restrictions on our ability to transfer funds (other than funds denominated in Bermuda dollars) in and out of Bermuda or to pay dividends to non-residents who are holders of our common shares in all other currencies, including currency of the United States.

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There is no reciprocal tax treaty between Bermuda and the United States. Under current Bermuda law, there is no Bermuda withholding tax on dividends or other distributions, nor any Bermuda tax computed on profit or income payable by Nabors or its operations. Furthermore, no Bermuda tax is levied on the sale or transfer (including by gift and/or on the death of the shareholder) of Nabors common shares (other than by shareholders resident in Bermuda).

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Nabors has received an undertaking from the Minister of Finance in Bermuda that, in the event of any taxes being imposed, Nabors will be exempt from taxation in Bermuda until March 31, 2035.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

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The following table summarizes selected financial information and should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7.—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included under Part II, Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

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The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included under Part II, Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under Part I, Item 1A.—Risk Factors and elsewhere in this annual report. See “Forward-Looking Statements.”

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Management Overview

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We own and operate one of the world’s largest land-based drilling rig fleets and provide offshore rigs in the United States and numerous international markets. Our business is comprised of our global land-based and offshore drilling rig operations and other rig related services and technologies. These services include tubular services, wellbore placement solutions, directional drilling, measurement-while-drilling, logging-while-drilling systems and services, equipment manufacturing, rig instrumentation and optimization software.

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Outlook

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The demand for our services is a function of the level of spending by oil and gas companies for exploration, development and production activities. The primary driver of customer spending is their cash flow and earnings which are largely driven by oil and natural gas prices and customers’ production volumes. The oil and natural gas markets have traditionally been volatile and tend to be highly sensitive to supply and demand cycles.

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Throughout much of 2019, we experienced increases in activity and pricing within our U.S. Drilling operating segment as well as moderate improvements within our Drilling Solutions operating segment. However, these increases were offset by declines in our International Drilling and Canada Drilling operating segments. During the latter part of 2019, we experienced an overall decline in market demand which adversely impacted our results for 2019. We expect the market to stabilize during the first half of 2020 with marginal increases in activity throughout the balance of the year. Internationally, we expect an increase in rig count throughout 2020.

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Recent Developments

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In December 2019, Nabors Delaware entered into Amendment No. 2 (the “Second Amendment”) to its existing 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. Among other things, the Second Amendment replaced the net funded debt to capitalization covenant with a covenant to maintain net funded indebtedness at no greater than 5.5 times EBITDA (as defined in the Second Amendment). See further details of the Second Amendment within Note 10—Debt in Part II, Item 8. —Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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In January 2020, Nabors completed a private placement offering of $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior guaranteed notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”) and $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior guaranteed notes due 2028 (the “2028 Notes” and, together with the 2026 Notes, the “notes”). The 2026 and 2028 Notes will bear interest at an annual rate of 7.25% and 7.50%, respectively. The notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by certain of Nabors’ indirect wholly owned subsidiaries. The proceeds from this offering were used primarily to repurchase $952.9 million aggregate principal amount, for a net premium of $2.7 million (excluding accrued interest), of certain of Nabors Delaware’s senior notes that were tendered pursuant to an offer to purchase certain of our senior notes. The aggregate principal amount repurchased included approximately $407.7 million of our 5.50% senior notes due 2023, $379.7 million of our 4.625% senior notes due 2021 and $165.5 million of our 5.10% senior notes due 2023. The remaining proceeds were used to pay for transactional fees and for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of other debt. We also repurchased in the open market, aside from the tender offer, approximately $21.2 million aggregate principal amount of our various senior notes.

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Financial Results

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Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

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Operating revenues in 2019 totaled $3.0 billion, representing a decrease of $14.2 million from 2018. Although we experienced an increase in operating revenue within our U.S. Drilling operating segment as activity and pricing improved, this increase was more than offset by a decline in operating revenues within our Canada and International Drilling operating segments.

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Net loss from continuing operations attributable to Nabors common shareholders totaled $720.1 million for 2019 ($2.11 per diluted share) compared to a net loss from continuing operations attributable to Nabors common shareholders of $638.6 million ($1.95 per diluted share) in 2018, or an $81.5 million increase in the net loss. Although our segments’ adjusted operating income improved by approximately $30.5 million compared to the prior period, our net loss was adversely impacted by an increase in impairments and other charges of $146.0 million coupled with an increase in foreign currency exchange losses of approximately $16.8 million.

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General and administrative expenses in 2019 totaled $258.7 million, representing a decrease of $7.1 million, or 3% from 2018. This is reflective of a reduction in workforce and general cost-reduction efforts across our operating segments and our corporate offices.

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Research and engineering expenses in 2019 totaled $50.4 million, representing a decrease of $5.8 million, or 10%, from 2018. The decrease is primarily attributable to a reduction in staffing levels, fewer capital projects and other cost control efforts across many of our research and engineering projects and initiatives.

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Depreciation and amortization expense in 2019 was $876.1 million, representing an increase of $9.2 million, or 1%, from 2018. The slight increase was primarily due to the increased number of rigs that were working in the U.S. during the period, which results in a higher active depreciation rate, coupled with incremental depreciation associated with capital expenditures as we upgraded existing rigs during the end of 2018 and early 2019.

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Segment Results of Operations

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Our business consists of five reportable segments: U.S. Drilling, Canada Drilling, International Drilling, Drilling Solutions and Rig Technologies.

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Management evaluates the performance of our reportable segments using adjusted operating income (loss), which is our segment performance measure, because it believes that this financial measure reflects our ongoing profitability and performance. In addition, securities analysts and investors use this measure as one of the metrics on which they analyze our performance. Adjusted operating income (loss) represents income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes, interest expense, earnings (losses) from unconsolidated affiliates, investment income (loss), impairments and other charges and other, net. A reconciliation of adjusted operating income to net income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes can be found in Note 19—Segment Information in Part II, Item 8. —Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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The following tables set forth certain information with respect to our reportable segments and rig activity:

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U.S. Drilling

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Operating revenues increased in 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to an increase in dayrates as market prices continued to improve throughout most of the year, resulting in approximately $97.2 million of the increase in operating revenues. Additionally, we experienced a slight increase in activity as reflected by a 2% increase in the average number of rigs working which accounted for approximately $26.4 million of the increase in operating revenue. Partially offsetting the increase in operating revenues were higher field support costs and depreciation expense associated with the increase in activity during the period.

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Canada Drilling

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Operating revenues decreased in 2019 compared to 2018 as reflected by the 36% decline in average rigs working. The decline in activity is mainly due to an industry-wide decline in rig count in Canada due to unfavorable economic conditions, causing customers to cancel or delay drilling programs. The decrease in operating revenues was partially offset by corresponding declines in operating costs and depreciation expense as a result of the decline in activity. This segment also benefited from various cost reduction initiatives.

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International Drilling

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Operating revenues decreased in 2019 compared to 2018 as they were unfavorably impacted by a reduction in pre-funded amortizing revenue of approximately $110 million as well as a decline in activity, as reflected by a 5% decrease in the average number of rigs working. The decrease in activity was partially attributed to the sale of our workover business in Argentina as well as fewer rigs working in Algeria, India, Kuwait and Venezuela. The decrease in operating revenue was partially offset by corresponding declines in operating costs and depreciation resulting from fewer rigs working during the period.

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Drilling Solutions

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Operating revenues increased marginally in 2019 compared to 2018. Although this segment experienced increased operating revenue due to growth in our performance tools and tubular running services offerings, this was mostly offset by a decline in wellbore placement as the U.S. market softened in the latter half of the year. The increase in

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adjusted operating income was primarily driven by improved profitability from our wellbore placement and tubular running services offerings due to effective cost reduction efforts across this business.

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Rig Technologies

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Operating revenues decreased in 2019 compared to 2018 due to the overall decline in activity as well as fewer capital equipment sales. However, adjusted operating income (loss) was positively impacted by improved margins on current product offerings coupled with cost reduction initiatives.

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Other Financial Information

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Interest expense

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Interest expense for 2019 was $204.3 million, representing a decrease of $22.8 million, or 10%, compared to 2018. The decrease was primarily due to the repayment of approximately $303.5 million aggregate principal of our 9.25% senior notes due January 2019 during 2018 utilizing the proceeds from our equity offering completed in May 2018. This decrease was further supplemented by the repurchase of approximately $468.3 million aggregate principal amount of our senior unsecured notes throughout 2019.

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Impairments and other charges

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Impairments and other charges for 2019 was $290.5 million, which primarily consisted of $203.7 million of impairments to goodwill and intangible assets. As part of our goodwill impairment test, we determined the carrying value of some of our reporting units exceeded their fair value. As such, we recognized impairments of $75.6 million for the remaining goodwill balance attributable to our International Drilling operating segment, $52.2 million for the remaining goodwill balance attributable to our U.S. Drilling operating segment and $28.1 million for the remaining goodwill balance attributable to the acquisition of 2TD reported within our Rig Technologies operating segment. Additionally, we recognized an impairment of $47.7 million to write off the intangible asset due to uncertainty in commercialization and demand stemming from lower commodity prices and rig counts. These non-cash pre-tax impairment charges were primarily the result of a sustained decline in our market capitalization and lower future cash flow projections due to expectations for future commodity prices below previous projections and the resulting impact on the lower demand projections for our products and services within these reporting units.

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The balance of $86.8 million consisted of impairments and retirement provisions for several tangible and other assets. These assets included some of our older and smaller rigs in our Canada and International Drilling rig fleets of $17.8 million and $15.4 million, respectively, underutilized offshore rigs, obsolete rig components and inventories totaling $10.4 million and $43.2 million in various receivables or other assets impacted by foreign sanctions or other political risk issues, bankruptcies or other financial problems.

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Other, net

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Other, net for 2019 was $33.2 million of expense, which included foreign currency exchange losses of $20.9 million, net losses on sales and disposals of assets of approximately $7.1 million and an increase in litigation reserves of $5.2 million.

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Other, net for 2018 was $29.5 million of expense, which included net losses on sales and disposals of assets of approximately $11.8 million, an increase in litigation reserves of $9.9 million and foreign currency exchange losses of $4.2 million.

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Income tax expense (benefit)

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Income tax expense for 2019 was $91.6 million, representing an increase of $12.3 million compared to 2018. The increase in tax expense during 2019 compared to 2018 was primarily attributable to the change in our geographic mix of pre-tax earnings (losses). The ratio of pre-tax earnings in certain high tax jurisdictions compared to low or zero tax jurisdictions increased in 2019 compared to 2018, resulting in an increase in income tax expense. This increase was partially offset by certain discrete items. During 2019, we recognized a $29.6 million tax benefit from the release of a valuation allowance in one of our foreign jurisdictions related to net operating loss carryforwards. This was partially

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offset by a $14.4 million settlement of a tax dispute in one of our foreign jurisdictions. During 2018, we recognized a non-cash expense of $52.0 million to reflect a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets in Canada.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

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Financial Condition and Sources of Liquidity

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Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and investments, availability under our revolving credit facilities and cash generated from operations. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and short-term investments of $452.5 million and working capital of $592.1 million. As of December 31, 2018, we had cash and short-term investments of $481.8 million and working capital of $761.5 million. At December 31, 2019, we had $355.0 million of borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facilities.

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We had 18 letter-of-credit facilities with various banks outstanding as of December 31, 2019. Availability under these facilities was as follows:

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Our ability to access capital markets or to otherwise obtain sufficient financing may be affected by our senior unsecured debt ratings as provided by the major credit rating agencies in the United States and our historical ability to access these markets as needed. While there can be no assurances that we will be able to access these markets in the future, we believe that we will be able to access capital markets or otherwise obtain financing in order to satisfy any payment obligation that might arise upon maturity, exchange or purchase of our notes and our debt facilities, loss of availability of our revolving credit facilities and our A/R Agreement, and that any cash payment due, in addition to our other cash obligations, would not ultimately have a material adverse impact on our liquidity or financial position. The major U.S. credit rating agencies have previously downgraded our senior unsecured debt rating to non-investment grade. These and any further ratings downgrades could adversely impact our ability to access debt markets in the future, increase the cost of future debt, and potentially require us to post letters of credit for certain obligations. See Part I, Item 1A.—Risk Factors—A downgrade in our credit rating could negatively impact our cost of and ability to access capital markets or other financing sources.

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The 2018 Revolving Credit Facility requires us to maintain a net leverage ratio 5.50:1 or less and an asset to debt coverage ratio of at least 2.50:1, as of the end of each calendar quarter. The net leverage ratio became effective with the adoption of the Second Amendment. The asset to debt coverage ratio applies only during the period which Nabors Delaware fails to maintain an investment grade rating from at least two rating agencies, which was the case as of the date of this report. Our asset to debt coverage ratio was 4.28:1 as of December 31, 2019 and 3.82:1 as of December 31, 2018. Our net leverage ratio was 3.55:1 as of December 31, 2019.

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As of the date of this report, we were in compliance with all covenants under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. If we fail to perform our obligations under the covenants, the revolving credit commitments under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility could be terminated, and any outstanding borrowings under the facilities could be declared immediately due and payable. If necessary, we have the ability to manage these ratios by taking certain actions including reductions in discretionary capital or other types of controllable expenditures, monetization of assets, amending or renegotiating the revolving credit agreement, accessing capital markets through a variety of alternative methods, or any combination of these alternatives. We expect to remain in compliance with all covenants under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility during the twelve month period following the date of this report based on our current operational and financial projections. However, we can make no assurance of continued compliance if our current projections or material underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect. If we fail to comply with the covenants, the revolving credit commitment could be terminated, and any outstanding borrowings under the facility could be declared immediately due and payable.

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The 2012 Revolving Credit Facility requires us to maintain a net funded debt to capital ratio of 0.60:1 or less. As of December 31, 2019 our net funded debt to capital ratio was 0.59:1. The 2012 Revolving Credit Facility expires in July 2020, or if we fail to comply with the net funded debt to capital covenant, the 2012 Revolving Credit Facility could

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be terminated earlier than July 2020. However, at such time as the 2012 Revolving Credit Facility becomes unavailable, we have the ability and intent to refinance the outstanding balance utilizing the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, which has approximately $1.0 billion of available capacity as of December 31, 2019. The net funded debt to capital ratio, the net leverage ratio and the asset to debt coverage ratio are not measures of operating performance or liquidity defined by U.S. GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies.

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We are a holding company and therefore rely exclusively on repayments of interest and principal on intercompany loans that we have made to our operating subsidiaries and income from dividends and other cash flows from our operating subsidiaries. There can be no assurance that our operating subsidiaries will generate sufficient net income to pay us dividends or sufficient cash flows to make payments of interest and principal to us. See Part I., Item 1A.—Risk Factors—As a holding company, we depend on our operating subsidiaries and investments to meet our financial obligations.

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Accounts Receivable Sales Agreement

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On September 13, 2019, we entered into a $250.0 million accounts receivable sales agreement (the “A/R Agreement”) whereby certain U.S. operating subsidiaries of the Company (collectively, the “Originators”) sold or contributed, and will on an ongoing basis continue to sell or contribute, certain of its domestic trade accounts receivables to a wholly-owned, bankruptcy-remote, special purpose entity (the “SPE”). The SPE would in turn, sell, transfer, convey and assign to third-party financial institutions (the “Purchasers”), all the rights, title and interest in and to its pool of eligible receivables. The sale of these receivables qualified for sale accounting treatment in accordance with ASC 860.

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The amount available for purchase under the A/R Agreement fluctuates over time based on the total amount of eligible receivables generated during the normal course of business after excluding excess concentrations and certain other ineligible receivables. The maximum purchase commitment of the Purchasers under the A/R Agreement is approximately $250.0 million, and the amount of receivables purchased by the Purchasers as of December 31, 2019 was $140.0 million. As of December 31, 2019, the total amount of eligible receivables available for purchase by the Purchasers was $171.7 million. See further details at Note 4 — Accounts Receivable Sale Agreement in Part II, Item 8. —Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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Future Cash Requirements

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Our current cash and investments, projected cash flows from operations, proceeds from equity or debt issuances and our revolving credit facilities are expected to adequately finance our purchase commitments, capital expenditures, acquisitions, scheduled debt service requirements, and all other expected cash requirements for the next 12 months.

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Purchase commitments outstanding at December 31, 2019 totaled approximately $170.4 million, primarily for rig-related enhancements, new construction and equipment, as well as sustaining capital expenditures, other operating expenses and purchases of inventory. We can reduce planned expenditures if necessary or increase them if market conditions and new business opportunities warrant it. The level of our outstanding purchase commitments and our expected level of capital expenditures over the next 12 months represent a number of capital programs that are currently underway or planned.

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We have historically completed a number of acquisitions and will continue to evaluate opportunities to acquire assets or businesses to enhance our operations. Several of our previous acquisitions were funded using existing cash or debt or by issuing our common shares. Future acquisitions may be funded using existing cash or by issuing debt or additional shares of the Company. Such capital expenditures and acquisitions will depend on our view of market conditions and other factors.

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On August 25, 2015, our Board authorized a share repurchase program (the “program”) under which we may repurchase, from time to time, up to $400.0 million of our common shares by various means, including in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. Authorization for the program, which was renewed in February 2019, does not have an expiration date and does not obligate us to repurchase any of our common shares. Since establishing the program, we have repurchased 14.0 million of our common shares for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $119.4 million under this program. As of December 31, 2019, the remaining amount authorized under the program that may be used to purchase shares was $280.6 million. The repurchased shares, which are held by our subsidiaries, are

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registered and tradable subject to applicable securities law limitations and have the same voting and other rights as other outstanding shares. As of December 31, 2019, our subsidiaries held 52.8 million of our common shares.

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On May 23, 2019, our Board authorized a share repurchase program under which we may repurchase, from time to time, up to $10.0 million of our mandatory convertible preferred shares by various means, including in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. This authorization does not have an expiration date and does not obligate us to repurchase any of our mandatory convertible preferred shares. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we repurchased 136,772 mandatory convertible preferred shares for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $2.9 million.

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We may from time to time seek to retire or purchase our outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges for equity securities, both in open-market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors and may involve material amounts.

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See our discussion of guarantees issued by Nabors that could have a potential impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows in future periods included below under “Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements (Including Guarantees)”.

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The following table summarizes our contractual cash obligations as of December 31, 2019:

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The table above excludes liabilities for uncertain tax positions totaling $25.7 million as of December 31, 2019 because we are unable to make reasonably reliable estimates of the timing of cash settlements with the respective taxing authorities. Further details on the uncertain tax positions can be found in Note 11—Income Taxes in Part II, Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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During the three months ended December 31, 2019, our Board declared a cash dividend of $0.01 per common share. This quarterly cash dividend was paid on January 3, 2020 to shareholders of record on December 13, 2019 in the amount of $3.6 million. Additionally, during the three months ended December 31, 2019, our Board declared a cash dividend of $0.75 per mandatory convertible preferred share, which was paid on February 3, 2020 to shareholders of record at the close of business on January 15, 2020 in the amount of $4.3 million. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we paid cash dividends totaling $49.6 million. See Part II, Item 5.—Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity—Dividends.

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Cash Flows

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Our cash flows depend, to a large degree, on the level of spending by oil and gas companies for exploration, development and production activities. Sustained decreases in the price of oil or natural gas could have a material impact on these activities, and could also materially affect our cash flows. Certain sources and uses of cash, such as the level of discretionary capital expenditures or acquisitions, purchases and sales of investments, loans, issuances and repurchases of debt and of our common shares are within our control and are adjusted as necessary based on market conditions. We discuss our 2019 and 2018 cash flows below.

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Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities totaled $684.6 million during 2019, compared to net cash provided of $325.8 million during 2018. Operating cash flows are our primary source of capital and liquidity. The increase in cash flows from operations is primarily attributable to increases in activity and margins in our U.S. Drilling operating segment. Changes in working capital items such as collection of receivables, other deferred revenue arrangements and payments of operating payables are significant factors affecting operating cash flows. Changes in working capital items provided $136.7 million in cash flows during 2019 and used $216.2 million in cash flows during 2018.

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Investing Activities. Net cash used for investing activities totaled $355.9 million during 2019 compared to net cash used of $367.1 million in 2018. Our primary use of cash for investing activities is for capital expenditures related to rig-related enhancements, new construction and equipment, as well as sustaining capital expenditures. During 2019 and 2018, we used cash for capital expenditures totaling $427.7 million and$458.9 million, respectively.

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We received $60.3 million in proceeds from insurance claims and sales of assets during 2019 compared to $109.1 million in 2018. Additionally, we paid $20.9 million, net, for businesses acquired in 2018.

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Financing Activities. Net cash used for financing activities totaled $331.6 million during 2019. During 2019, we received net proceeds of $185.0 million in amounts borrowed under our revolving credit facilities, partially offset by a $455.4 million repayment on our senior notes. Additionally, we paid dividends totaling $49.6 million to our common and preferred shareholders.

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Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $155.6 million during 2018. In 2018, we received net proceeds of $579.3 million from the issuance of common and mandatory convertible preferred shares and redeemable noncontrolling interest contributions totaling $156.9 million from our joint partner in SANAD. During 2018, we paid dividends totaling $87.1 million to our common and preferred shareholders. Additionally, we received net proceeds of $778.7 million in connection with the issuance of our 5.75% senior notes. This was offset by the repayment of the remaining balances of our 6.15% and 9.25% senior notes totaling $774.8 million, repurchase of $103.5 million of senior notes that matured in 2020 and beyond, and $380.0 million pay down on our 2012 Revolving Credit Facility and commercial paper program.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements (Including Guarantees)

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We are a party to transactions, agreements or other contractual arrangements defined as “off-balance sheet arrangements” that could have a material future effect on our financial position, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources. The most significant of these off-balance sheet arrangements include the A/R Agreement (see —Accounts Receivable Sale Agreement, above) and certain agreements and obligations under which we provide financial

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or performance assurance to third parties. Certain of these financial or performance assurances serve as guarantees, including standby letters of credit issued on behalf of insurance carriers in conjunction with our workers’ compensation insurance program and other financial surety instruments such as bonds. In addition, we have provided indemnifications, which serve as guarantees, to some third parties. These guarantees include indemnification provided by us to our share transfer agent and our insurance carriers. We are not able to estimate the potential future maximum payments that might be due under our indemnification guarantees. Management believes the likelihood that we would be required to perform or otherwise incur any material losses associated with any of these guarantees is remote.

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The following table summarizes the total maximum amount of financial guarantees issued by Nabors:

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Other Matters

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

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See Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in Part II, Item 8.—Financial Statements and

Supplementary Data.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

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The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and the amounts of revenues and expenses recognized during the reporting period. We analyze our estimates based on our historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. However, actual results could differ from our estimates. The following is a discussion of our critical accounting estimates. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if:

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For a summary of all of our significant accounting policies, see Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in Part II, Item 8.—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment. The drilling and drilling services industries are very capital intensive. Property, plant and equipment represented 73% of our total assets as of December 31, 2019, and depreciation and amortization constituted 24% of our total costs and other deductions in 2019.

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Depreciation for our primary operating assets, drilling rigs, is calculated based on the units-of-production method. For each day a rig is operating, we depreciate it over an approximate 4,927-day period, with the exception of our jackup rigs which are depreciated over an 8,030-day period, after provision for salvage value. For each day a rig asset is not operating, it is depreciated over an assumed depreciable life of 20 years, with the exception of our jackup rigs, where a 30-year depreciable life is typically used, after provision for salvage value.

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Depreciation on our buildings, oilfield hauling and mobile equipment, aircraft equipment, and other machinery and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset after provision for salvage value (buildings—10 to 30 years; aircraft equipment—5 to 20 years; oilfield hauling and mobile equipment and other machinery and equipment—3 to 10 years).

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These depreciation periods and the salvage values of our property, plant and equipment were determined through an analysis of the useful lives of our assets and based on our experience with the salvage values of these assets.

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Periodically, we review our depreciation periods and salvage values for reasonableness given current conditions. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is therefore based upon estimates of the useful lives and salvage value of those assets. Estimation of these items requires significant management judgment. Accordingly, management believes that accounting estimates related to depreciation expense recorded on property, plant and equipment are critical.

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There have been no factors related to the performance of our portfolio of assets, changes in technology or other factors indicating that these estimates do not continue to be appropriate. Accordingly, for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, no significant changes have been made to the depreciation rates applied to property, plant and equipment, the underlying assumptions related to estimates of depreciation, or the methodology applied. However, certain events could occur that would materially affect our estimates and assumptions related to depreciation. Unforeseen changes in operations or technology could substantially alter management’s assumptions regarding our ability to realize the return on our investment in operating assets and therefore affect the useful lives and salvage values of our assets.

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Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. As discussed above, the drilling and drilling services industries are very capital intensive. We review our assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are not sufficient to support the asset’s recorded value, an impairment charge is recognized to the extent the carrying amount of the long-lived asset exceeds its estimated fair value. Management considers a number of factors such as estimated future cash flows from the assets, appraisals and current market value analysis in determining fair value. The determination of future cash flows requires the estimation of utilization, dayrates, operating margins, sustaining capital and remaining economic life. Such estimates can change based on market conditions, technological advances in the industry or changes in regulations governing the industry. Significant and unanticipated changes to the assumptions could result in future impairments. A significantly prolonged period of lower oil and natural gas prices could continue to adversely affect the demand for and prices of our services, which could result in future impairment charges. As the determination of whether impairment charges should be recorded on our long-lived assets is subject to significant management judgment, and an impairment of these assets could result in a material charge on our consolidated statements of income (loss), management believes that accounting estimates related to impairment of long-lived assets are critical.

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Assumptions in the determination of future cash flows are made with the involvement of management personnel at the operational level where the most specific knowledge of market conditions and other operating factors exists. For 2019, 2018 and 2017, no significant changes have been made to the methodology utilized to determine future cash flows.

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For an asset classified as held for sale, we consider the asset impaired when its carrying amount exceeds fair value less its cost to sell. Fair value is determined in the same manner as a long-lived asset that is held and used.

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Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Assets. We review goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment annually during the second quarter of each fiscal year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such goodwill and intangible assets may exceed their fair value. We perform our impairment tests for goodwill for all of our reporting units within our reportable segments. Our business consists of U.S. Drilling, Canada Drilling, International Drilling, Drilling Solutions and Rig Technologies reportable segments. Our Rig Technologies reportable segment includes our Canrig, RDS and 2TD reporting units. We initially assess goodwill for impairment based on qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of one of our reporting units is greater than its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, an impairment charge will be recognized in an amount equal to the excess; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

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As part of our annual goodwill impairment test performed during the second quarter of 2019, we determined the carrying value of some of our reporting units exceeded their fair value. As such, we recognized an impairment of $75.6 million for the remaining goodwill balance attributable to our International Drilling operating segment and $18.0 million for a partial impairment to our goodwill balance related to the acquisition of 2TD in 2014, reported within our Rig Technologies operating segment. These non-cash pre-tax impairment charges were primarily the result of a sustained decline in our market capitalization and lower future cash flow projections due to expectations for future commodity prices and the resulting impact on the demand for our products and services within these reporting units.

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During the fourth quarter of 2019, due to current industry conditions such as the drop in U.S. rig count as well as the recent commodity prices and the corresponding impact on future expectations of demand for our products and services, including the effect that these factors have had on our stock price, we performed a quantitative impairment assessment of our goodwill as of December 31, 2019. Based on the results of our goodwill test, we recognized additional impairment charges of $52.2 million for the remaining goodwill balance attributable to our U.S. Drilling operating segment and $10.1 million for the remaining goodwill balance attributable to the acquisition of 2TD within our Rig Technologies operating segment.

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Our estimated fair values of our reporting units incorporate judgment and the use of estimates by management. The fair values calculated in these impairment tests were determined using discounted cash flow models, which require the use of significant unobservable inputs, representative of a Level 3 fair value measurement. Our cash flow models involve assumptions based on our utilization of rigs or other oil and gas service equipment, revenues and earnings from affiliates, as well as direct costs, general and administrative costs, depreciation, applicable income taxes, capital expenditures and working capital requirements. Our fair value estimates of these reporting units are sensitive to varying dayrates, utilization and costs. A significantly prolonged period of lower oil and natural gas prices, other than those assumed in developing our forecasts, or changes in laws and regulations could adversely affect the demand for and prices of our services, which could in turn result in future goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges for these reporting units due to the potential impact on our estimate of our future operating results. Our discounted cash flow projections for each reporting unit were based on financial forecasts. The future cash flows were discounted to present value using discount rates determined to be appropriate for each reporting unit. Terminal values for each reporting unit were calculated using a Gordon Growth methodology with a long-term growth rate of approximately 2%.

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Another factor in determining whether impairment has occurred is the relationship between our market capitalization and our book value. As part of our annual review, we compared the sum of our reporting units’ estimated fair value, which included the estimated fair value of non-operating assets and liabilities, less debt, to our market capitalization and assessed the reasonableness of our estimated fair value. Any of the above-mentioned factors may cause us to re-evaluate goodwill during any quarter throughout the year.

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Income Taxes. We operate in a number of countries and our tax returns filed in those jurisdictions are subject to review and examination by tax authorities within those jurisdictions. We are currently contesting tax assessments in a number of countries and may contest future assessments. We believe the ultimate resolution of the outstanding assessments, for which we have not made any accrual, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements. We recognize uncertain tax positions that we believe have a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being sustained. We cannot predict or provide assurance as to the ultimate outcome of any existing or future assessments.

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Audit claims of approximately $18.6 million attributable to income tax have been assessed against us. We have contested, or intend to contest, these assessments, including through litigation if necessary, and we believe the ultimate resolution, for which we have not made any accrual, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements. Tax authorities may issue additional assessments or pursue legal actions as a result of tax audits and we cannot predict or provide assurance as to the ultimate outcome of such assessments and legal actions.

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Applicable income and withholding taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings of our subsidiaries. We do not intend to repatriate such undistributed earnings except for distributions upon which incremental income and withholding taxes would not be material.

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In certain jurisdictions we have recognized deferred tax assets and liabilities. Judgment and assumptions are required in determining whether deferred tax assets will be fully or partially utilized. When we estimate that all or some portion of certain deferred tax assets such as net operating loss carryforwards will not be utilized, we establish a valuation allowance for the amount ascertained to be unrealizable. We continually evaluate strategies that could allow for future utilization of our deferred assets. Any change in the ability to utilize such deferred assets will be accounted for in the period of the event affecting the valuation allowance. If facts and circumstances cause us to change our expectations regarding future tax consequences, the resulting adjustments could have a material effect on our financial results or cash flow.

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Litigation and Self-Insurance Reserves. Our operations are subject to many hazards inherent in the drilling and drilling services industries, including blowouts, cratering, explosions, fires, loss of well control, loss of or damage to the wellbore or underground reservoir, damaged or lost drilling equipment and damage or loss from inclement weather

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or natural disasters. Any of these and other hazards could result in personal injury or death, damage to or destruction of equipment and facilities, suspension of operations, environmental and natural resources damage and damage to the property of others. Our offshore operations are also subject to the hazards of marine operations including capsizing, grounding, collision and other damage from hurricanes and heavy weather or sea conditions and unsound ocean bottom conditions. Our operations are subject to risks of war or acts of terrorism, civil disturbances and other political events.

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Accidents may occur, we may be unable to obtain desired contractual indemnities, and our insurance may prove inadequate in certain cases. There is no assurance that our insurance or indemnification agreements will adequately protect us against liability from all of the consequences of the hazards described above. Moreover, our insurance coverage generally provides that we assume a portion of the risk in the form of a deductible or self-insured retention.

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Based on the risks discussed above, it is necessary for us to estimate the level of our liability related to insurance and record reserves for these amounts in our consolidated financial statements. Reserves related to self-insurance are based on the facts and circumstances specific to the claims and our past experience with similar claims. The actual outcome of self-insured claims could differ significantly from estimated amounts. We maintain actuarially determined accruals in our consolidated balance sheets to cover self-insurance retentions for workers’ compensation, employers’ liability, general liability and automobile liability claims. These accruals are based on certain assumptions developed utilizing historical data to project future losses. Loss estimates in the calculation of these accruals are adjusted based upon actual claim settlements and reported claims. These loss estimates and accruals recorded in our financial statements for claims have historically been reasonable in light of the actual amount of claims paid.

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Because the determination of our liability for self-insured claims is subject to significant management judgment and in certain instances is based on actuarially estimated and calculated amounts, and because such liabilities could be material in nature, management believes that accounting estimates related to self-insurance reserves are critical.

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During 2019, 2018 and 2017, no significant changes were made to the methodology used to estimate insurance reserves. For purposes of earnings sensitivity analysis, if the December 31, 2019 reserves were adjusted by 10%, total costs and other deductions would change by $14.5 million, or .39%.

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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES

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We may be exposed to certain market risks arising from the use of financial instruments in the ordinary course of business. This risk arises primarily as a result of potential changes in the fair market value of financial instruments due to adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, credit risk, interest rates, and marketable and non-marketable security prices as discussed below.

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Foreign Currency Risk. We operate in a number of international areas and are involved in transactions denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars, which exposes us to foreign exchange rate risk and foreign currency devaluation risk. The most significant exposures arise in connection with our operations in Argentina and Canada, which usually are substantially unhedged.

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At various times, we utilize local currency borrowings (foreign-currency- denominated debt), the payment structure of customer contracts and foreign exchange contracts to selectively hedge our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations in connection with monetary assets, liabilities, cash flows and commitments denominated in certain foreign currencies. A foreign exchange contract is a foreign currency transaction, defined as an agreement to exchange different currencies at a given future date and at a specified rate. A hypothetical 10% increase in the value of all our foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2019 would result in a $10.8 million increase in the fair value of our net monetary liabilities denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars.

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Credit Risk. Our financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments and accounts receivable. Cash equivalents such as deposits and temporary cash investments are held by major banks or investment firms. Our short-term and long-term investments are managed within established guidelines that limit the amounts that may be invested with any one issuer and provide guidance as to issuer credit quality. We believe that the credit risk in our cash and investment portfolio is minimized as a result of the mix of our investments. In addition, our trade receivables are with a variety of U.S., international and foreign-country national oil and gas companies. Management considers this credit risk to be limited due to the financial resources of these companies. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers, and we generally do not require material collateral. We do occasionally require prepayment of amounts from customers whose

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creditworthiness is in question prior to providing services to them. We maintain reserves for potential credit losses, and these losses historically have been within management’s expectations.

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Interest Rate and Marketable and Non-marketable Security Price Risk. Our financial instruments that are potentially sensitive to changes in interest rates include our floating rate debt instruments (our revolving credit facilities), our fixed rate debt securities comprised of our 5.0%, 4.625%, 5.50%, 5.10% and 5.75% senior notes, our 0.75% senior exchangeable notes, our investments in debt securities (including corporate and mortgage-CMO debt securities) and our investments in overseas funds that invest primarily in a variety of public and private U.S. and non-U.S. securities (including asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities, global structured-asset securitizations, whole-loan mortgages and participations in whole loans and whole-loan mortgages), which are classified as long-term investments.

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We may utilize derivative financial instruments that are intended to manage our exposure to interest rate risks. We account for derivative financial instruments under the Derivatives Topic of the ASC. The use of derivative financial instruments could expose us to further credit risk and market risk. Credit risk in this context is the failure of a counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty would owe us, which can create credit risk for us. When the fair value of a derivative contract is negative, we would owe the counterparty, and therefore, we would not be exposed to credit risk. We attempt to minimize credit risk in derivative instruments by entering into transactions with major financial institutions that have a significant asset base. Market risk related to derivatives is the adverse effect on the value of a financial instrument that results from changes in interest rates. We try to manage market risk associated with interest-rate contracts by establishing and monitoring parameters that limit the type and degree of market risk that we undertake.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The fair value of our fixed rate long-term debt and revolving credit facilities is estimated based on quoted market prices or prices quoted from third-party financial institutions. The carrying and fair values of these liabilities were as follows:

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