NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2019 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-36663

NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Maryland

47-1881359

(State or other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

300 Crescent Court, Suite 700, Dallas, Texas

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

75201

(Zip Code)

(972) 628-4100

(Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

N/A

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading

Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

NXRT

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☒
Non-Accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 7, 2019, the registrant had 25,033,580 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC.

Form 10-Q

Quarter Ended September 30, 2019

INDEX

			Page
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements			ii

	PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.		Financial Statements
		Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2018	1
		Consolidated Unaudited Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	2
		Consolidated Unaudited Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	3
		Consolidated Unaudited Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	5
		Notes to Consolidated Unaudited Financial Statements	7
Item 2.		Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31
Item 3.		Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	51
Item 4.		Controls and Procedures	52

	PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.		Legal Proceedings	53
Item 1A.		Risk Factors	53
Item 2.		Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	53
Item 3.		Defaults Upon Senior Securities	53
Item 4.		Mine Safety Disclosures	53
Item 5.		Other Information	53
Item 6.		Exhibits	54
Signatures			55

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to risks and uncertainties. In particular, statements relating to our liquidity and capital resources, the performance of our properties and results of operations contain forward-looking statements. Furthermore, all of the statements regarding future financial performance (including market conditions and demographics) are forward-looking statements. We caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this quarterly report are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “result” and similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions.

Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. We caution you therefore against relying on any of these forward-looking statements.

Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance, liquidity or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

•

unfavorable changes in market and economic conditions in the United States and globally and in the specific markets where our properties are located;

•

risks associated with ownership of real estate;

•

limited ability to dispose of assets because of the relative illiquidity of real estate investments;

•

our multifamily properties are concentrated in certain geographic markets in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States, which makes us more susceptible to adverse developments in those markets;

•

increased risks associated with our strategy of acquiring value-enhancement multifamily properties rather than more conservative investment strategies;

•

potential reforms to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and the Federal National Mortgage Association;

•

competition could limit our ability to acquire attractive investment opportunities, which could adversely affect our profitability and impede our growth;

•

competition and any increased affordability of residential homes could limit our ability to lease our apartments or increase or maintain rents;

•

the relatively low residential mortgage rates may result in potential renters purchasing residences rather than leasing them, and as a result, cause a decline in our occupancy rates;

•

the risk that we may fail to consummate future property acquisitions;

•

failure of acquisitions to yield anticipated results;

•

risks associated with increases in interest rates and our ability to issue additional debt or equity securities in the future;

•

risks associated with selling apartment communities, which could limit our operational and financial flexibility;

•

contingent or unknown liabilities related to properties or businesses that we have acquired or may acquire;

•

lack of or insufficient amounts of insurance;

•

the risk that our environmental assessments may not identify all potential environmental liabilities and our remediation actions may be insufficient;

•

high costs associated with the investigation or remediation of environmental contamination, including asbestos, lead-based paint, chemical vapor, subsurface contamination and mold growth;

•

high costs associated with the compliance with various accessibility, environmental, building and health and safety laws and regulations, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Fair Housing Act;

•

risks associated with limited warranties we may obtain when purchasing properties;

•

exposure to decreases in market rents due to our short-term leases;

•

risks associated with operating through joint ventures and funds;

•

our dependence on information systems;

•

risks associated with breaches of our data security;

•

risks associated with our reduced public company reporting requirements as an “emerging growth company”

•

costs associated with being a public company, including compliance with securities laws;

•

the risk that our business could be adversely impacted if there are deficiencies in our disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting;

•

risks associated with our substantial current indebtedness and indebtedness we may incur in the future;

•

risks associated with derivatives or hedging activity;

•

the relative lack of experience of NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. (our “Adviser”) and property manager in operating under the constraints imposed on us as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) may hinder the achievement of our investment objectives;

•

loss of key personnel of NexPoint Advisors, L.P. (our “Sponsor”), our Adviser and our property manager;

•

the risk that we may not replicate the historical results achieved by other entities managed or sponsored by affiliates of our Adviser, members of our Adviser’s management team or by our Sponsor or its affiliates;

•

risks associated with our Adviser’s ability to terminate the Advisory Agreement (as defined below);

•

our ability to change our major policies, operations and targeted investments without stockholder consent;

•

the substantial fees and expenses we pay to our Adviser and its affiliates;

•

risks associated with any potential internalization of our management functions;

•

conflicts of interest and competing demands for time faced by our Adviser, our Sponsor and their officers and employees;

•

the risk that we may compete with other entities affiliated with our Sponsor or property manager for properties and tenants;

•

failure to maintain our status as a REIT;

•

failure of our operating partnership to be taxable as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, possibly causing us to fail to qualify for or to maintain REIT status;

•

compliance with REIT requirements, which may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities effectively and cause us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities, liquidate certain of our investments or incur tax liabilities;

•

risks associated with our ownership of interests in taxable REIT subsidiaries;

•

the recognition of taxable gains from the sale of properties as a result of the inability to complete certain like-kind exchanges (“1031 Exchanges”) in accordance with Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”);

•

the risk that the Internal Revenue Service may consider certain sales of properties to be prohibited transactions, resulting in a 100% penalty tax on any taxable gain;

•

the ineligibility of dividends payable by REITs for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends;

•

risks associated with the stock ownership restrictions of the Code for REITs and the stock ownership limit imposed by our charter;

•

the ability of our board of directors (the “Board”) to revoke our REIT qualification without stockholder approval;

•

recent and potential legislative or regulatory tax changes or other actions affecting REITs;

•

risks associated with the market for our common stock and the general volatility of the capital and credit markets;

•

failure to generate sufficient cash flows to service our outstanding indebtedness or pay distributions at expected levels;

•

risks associated with limitations of liability for and our indemnification of our directors and officers; and

•

any other risks included under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 19, 2019 (our “Annual Report”) or under Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. They are based on estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this quarterly report. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, data or methods, future events or other changes, except as required by law.

iii

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Operating Real Estate Investments
Land	$	261,592		$	202,347
Buildings and improvements		1,316,087			935,604
Intangible lease assets		10,897			3,049
Construction in progress		1,598			1,881
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment		69,417			61,456
Total Gross Operating Real Estate Investments		1,659,591			1,204,337
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(138,210	)		(134,124	)
Total Net Operating Real Estate Investments		1,521,381			1,070,213
Real estate held for sale, net of accumulated depreciation of $4,594 and $897, respectively		32,635			17,329
Total Net Real Estate Investments		1,554,016			1,087,542
Cash and cash equivalents		20,373			19,864
Restricted cash		41,108			23,265
Accounts receivable		3,567			3,340
Prepaid and other assets		5,218			9,058
Fair market value of interest rate swaps		—			18,141
TOTAL ASSETS	$	1,624,282		$	1,161,210

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Mortgages payable, net	$	1,027,947		$	824,702
Mortgages payable held for sale, net		26,616			13,318
Credit facility, net		106,034			—
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities		13,314			5,765
Accrued real estate taxes payable		17,742			12,607
Accrued interest payable		3,111			2,852
Security deposit liability		2,732			1,889
Prepaid rents		1,500			1,482
Fair market value of interest rate swaps		2,051			—
Total Liabilities		1,201,047			862,615

Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership		3,424			2,567

Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued		—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 500,000,000 shares authorized; 24,799,905 and 23,499,635 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		247			234
Additional paid-in capital		337,694			285,511
Accumulated earnings (loss) less dividends		84,924			(6,764	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(3,054	)		17,047
Total Stockholders' Equity		419,811			296,028
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	1,624,282		$	1,161,210

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenues
Rental income	$	40,828		$	31,724		$	114,861		$	93,366
Other income		6,005			4,771			16,529			13,841
Total revenues		46,833			36,495			131,390			107,207
Expenses
Property operating expenses		11,456			9,231			31,256			26,339
Real estate taxes and insurance		6,731			5,048			18,053			14,492
Property management fees (1)		1,408			1,085			3,939			3,205
Advisory and administrative fees (2)		1,891			1,885			5,613			5,586
Corporate general and administrative expenses		2,339			1,932			7,313			5,731
Property general and administrative expenses		1,547			1,280			4,973			4,475
Depreciation and amortization		17,228			11,228			45,692			33,638
Total expenses		42,600			31,689			116,839			93,466
Operating income before gain on sales of real estate		4,233			4,806			14,551			13,741
Gain on sales of real estate		127,700			—			127,700			13,742
Operating income		131,933			4,806			142,251			27,483
Interest expense		(9,960	)		(7,119	)		(26,638	)		(20,739	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs		(2,869	)		(2,947	)		(2,869	)		(3,576	)
Net income (loss)		119,104			(5,260	)		112,744			3,168
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership		357			(15	)		338			10
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	118,747		$	(5,245	)	$	112,406		$	3,158
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate derivatives		(3,550	)		1,222			(20,161	)		11,732
Total comprehensive income (loss)		115,554			(4,038	)		92,583			14,900
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership		347			(12	)		278			45
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	115,207		$	(4,026	)	$	92,305		$	14,855

Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic		24,088			20,775			23,793			20,847
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted		24,557			21,262			24,280			21,328

Earnings (loss) per share - basic	$	4.93		$	(0.25	)	$	4.72		$	0.15
Earnings (loss) per share - diluted	$	4.84		$	(0.25	)	$	4.63		$	0.15

(1)	Fees incurred to an unaffiliated third party that is an affiliate of the noncontrolling limited partner of the Company’s operating partnership, NexPoint Residential Trust Operating Partnership, L.P. (see Note 10).

(2)	Fees incurred to the Adviser (see Note 11).

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional		Accumulated Earnings (Loss)			Accumulated Other			Common Stock Held in
Three Months ended September 30, 2019	Number of Shares		Par Value		Number of Shares		Par Value		Paid-in Capital		Less Dividends			Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury at Cost		Total
Balances, June 30, 2019			$	—		23,895,442	$	238	$	297,448	$	(26,824	)	$	486		$	—	$	271,348
Net income attributable to common stockholders		—		—		—		—		—		118,747			—			—		118,747
Vesting of stock-based compensation		—		—		37,141		—		706		—			—			—		706
Issuance of common shares through at-the-market offering		—		—		867,322		9		39,540		—			—			—		39,549
Common stock dividends declared ($0.275 per share)		—		—		—		—		—		(6,847	)		—			—		(6,847	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—		—			(3,540	)		—		(3,540	)
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership		—		—		—		—		—		(152	)		—			—		(152	)
Balances, September 30, 2019		—	$	—		24,799,905	$	247	$	337,694	$	84,924		$	(3,054	)	$	—	$	419,811

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional		Accumulated Earnings (Loss)			Accumulated Other			Common Stock Held in
Nine Months ended September 30, 2019	Number of Shares		Par Value		Number of Shares		Par Value		Paid-in Capital		Less Dividends			Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Treasury at Cost		Total
Balances, December 31, 2018		—	$	—		23,499,635	$	234	$	285,511	$	(6,764	)	$	17,047		$	—	$	296,028
Net income attributable to common stockholders		—		—		—		—		—		112,406			—			—		112,406
Vesting of stock-based compensation		—		—		180,783		1		3,194		—			—			—		3,195
Issuance of common shares through at-the-market offering		—		—		1,119,487		12		48,989		—			—			—		49,001
Common stock dividends declared ($0.825 per share)		—		—		—		—		—		(20,190	)		—			—		(20,190	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—		—			(20,101	)		—		(20,101	)
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership		—		—		—		—		—		(528	)		—			—		(528	)
Balances, September 30, 2019		—	$	—		24,799,905	$	247	$	337,694	$	84,924		$	(3,054	)		—	$	419,811

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued)

(dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional		Accumulated Earnings (Loss)			Accumulated Other		Common Stock Held in
Three Months ended September 30, 2018	Number of Shares		Par Value		Number of Shares		Par Value		Paid-in Capital		Less Dividends			Comprehensive Income		Treasury at Cost		Total
Balances, June 30, 2018		—	$	—		20,747,367	$	207	$	198,567	$	15,570		$	25,600	$	—	$	239,944
Net loss attributable to common stockholders		—		—		—		—		—		(5,245	)		—		—		(5,245	)
Vesting of stock-based compensation		—		—		49,768		—		1,094		—			—		—		1,094
Common stock dividends declared ($0.25 per share)		—		—		—		—		—		(5,315	)		—		—		(5,315	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		—		—			1,219		—		1,219
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership		—		—		—		—		—		(212	)		—		—		(212	)
Balances, September 30, 2018		—	$	—		20,797,135	$	207	$	199,661	$	4,798		$	26,819	$	—	$	231,485

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock						Additional			Accumulated Earnings (Loss)			Accumulated Other		Common Stock Held in
Nine Months ended September 30, 2018	Number of Shares		Par Value		Number of Shares			Par Value			Paid-in Capital			Less Dividends			Comprehensive Income		Treasury at Cost			Total
Balances, December 31, 2017		—	$	—		21,049,565		$	210		$	206,227		$	19,288		$	13,719	$	—		$	239,444
Cumulative effect upon adoption of ASU 2017-12		—		—		—			—			—			(1,403	)		1,403		—			—
Net income attributable to common stockholders		—		—		—			—			—			3,158			—		—			3,158
Repurchase of common stock		—		—		—			—			—			—			—		(9,672	)		(9,672	)
Retirement of common stock held in treasury		—		—		(382,941	)		(4	)		(9,668	)		—			—		9,672			—
Vesting of stock-based compensation		—		—		130,511			1			3,102			—			—		—			3,103
Common stock dividends declared ($0.75 per share)		—		—		—			—			—			(16,011	)		—		—			(16,011	)
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—			—			—			—			11,697		—			11,697
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership		—		—		—			—			—			(234	)		—		—			(234	)
Balances, September 30, 2018		—	$	—		20,797,135		$	207		$	199,661		$	4,798		$	26,819	$	—		$	231,485

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	112,744		$	3,168
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Gain on sales of real estate		(127,700	)		(13,742	)
Depreciation and amortization		45,692			33,638
Amortization/write-off of deferred financing costs		2,850			2,494
Change in fair value on derivative instruments included in interest expense		(5,410	)		(2,391	)
Net cash received on derivative settlements		5,489			2,372
Amortization/write-off of fair market value adjustment of assumed debt		(98	)		(145	)
Vesting of stock-based compensation		3,944			3,103
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
Operating assets		(3,711	)		(1,111	)
Operating liabilities		5,143			3,066
Net cash provided by operating activities		38,943			30,452

Cash flows from investing activities
Net proceeds from sales of real estate		286,495			29,553
Prepaid acquisition costs		—			—
Additions to real estate investments		(28,252	)		(23,164	)
Acquisitions of real estate investments		(555,268	)		(130,373	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(297,025	)		(123,984	)

Cash flows from financing activities
Mortgage proceeds received		290,324			232,252
Mortgage payments		(145,577	)		(148,711	)
Credit facilities proceeds received		144,000			55,000
Credit facilities payments		(37,000	)		(35,000	)
Bridge facility proceeds received		—			30,000
Bridge facility payments		—			(8,597	)
Deferred financing costs paid		(3,388	)		(3,553	)
Interest rate cap fees paid		(20	)		(56	)
Proceeds from the issuance of common shares through at-the-market offering, net of offering costs		49,001			—
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of stock-based compensation		(749	)		—
Repurchase of common stock		—			(9,672	)
Dividends paid to common stockholders		(20,157	)		(15,802	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		276,434			95,861

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		18,352			2,329
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		43,129			43,248
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	61,481		$	45,577

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Interest paid	$	30,444		$	21,983
Prepayment penalties		1,449			1,706
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Activities

Capitalized construction costs included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities		4,448			1,884
Change in fair value on derivative instruments designated as hedges		(20,161	)		11,732
Other assets acquired from acquisitions		357			76
Liabilities assumed from acquisitions		5,946			1,382
Fair market value adjustment of assumed debt		980			—
Assumed debt on acquisitions		70,486			—
Increase in dividends payable upon vesting of restricted stock units		33			209

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Description of Business

NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc. (the “Company”, “we”, “our”) was incorporated in Maryland on September 19, 2014, and has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”). The Company is focused on “value-add” multifamily investments primarily located in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States. Substantially all of the Company’s business is conducted through NexPoint Residential Trust Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “OP”), the Company’s operating partnership. The Company owns its properties (the “Portfolio”) through the OP and its wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). The OP owns approximately 99.9% of the Portfolio; the TRS owns approximately 0.1% of the Portfolio. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, NexPoint Residential Trust Operating Partnership GP, LLC (the “OP GP”), is the sole general partner of the OP. As of September 30, 2019, there were 23,819,402 common units in the OP (“OP Units”) outstanding, of which 23,746,169, or 99.7%, were owned by the Company and 73,233, or 0.3%, were owned by a noncontrolling limited partner (see Note 10).

The Company is externally managed by NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. (the “Adviser”), through an agreement dated March 16, 2015, as amended, and renewed on February 13, 2019 for a one-year term set to expire on March 16, 2020 (the “Advisory Agreement”), by and among the Company, the OP and the Adviser. The Adviser conducts substantially all of the Company’s operations and provides asset management services for its real estate investments. The Company expects it will only have accounting employees while the Advisory Agreement is in effect. All of the Company’s investment decisions are made by the Adviser, subject to general oversight by the Adviser’s investment committee and the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”). The Adviser is wholly owned by NexPoint Advisors, L.P. (the “Sponsor”).

The Company’s investment objectives are to maximize the cash flow and value of properties owned, acquire properties with cash flow growth potential, provide quarterly cash distributions and achieve long-term capital appreciation for its stockholders through targeted management and a value-add program. Consistent with the Company’s policy to acquire assets for both income and capital gain, the Company intends to hold at least majority interests in its properties for long-term appreciation and to engage in the business of directly or indirectly acquiring, owning, and operating well-located multifamily properties with a value-add component in large cities and suburban submarkets of large cities primarily in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States consistent with its investment objectives. Economic and market conditions may influence the Company to hold properties for different periods of time. From time to time, the Company may sell a property if, among other deciding factors, the sale would be in the best interest of its stockholders.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Accounting

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual amounts realized or paid could differ from those estimates. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. There have been no significant changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared according to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted according to such rules and regulations, although management believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments and eliminations necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2019 and results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 have been included. Such adjustments are normal and recurring in nature. The unaudited information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2018 and notes thereto included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 19, 2019.

Principles of Consolidation

The Company accounts for subsidiary partnerships, joint ventures and other similar entities in which it holds an ownership interest in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation. The Company first evaluates whether each entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). Under the VIE model, the Company consolidates an entity when it has control to direct the activities of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Under the voting model, the Company consolidates an entity when it controls the entity through ownership of a majority voting interest. The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, including the OP and its subsidiaries.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s primary operations consist of rental income earned from its residents under lease agreements typically with terms of one year or less. Rental income is recognized when earned. This policy effectively results in income recognition on the straight-line method over the related terms of the leases. Resident reimbursements and other income consist of charges billed to residents for utilities, carport and garage rental, and pets, administrative, application and other fees and are recognized when earned. The Company implemented the provisions of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”) as of January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as a substantial portion of its revenue consists of rental income from leasing arrangements, which is specifically excluded from ASU 2014-09.

Purchase Price Allocation

Upon acquisition of a property, the purchase price and related acquisition costs (“total consideration”) are allocated to land, buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures, and equipment, and intangible lease assets in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations. Acquisition costs are capitalized in accordance with FASB ASC 805.

The allocation of total consideration, which is determined using inputs that are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy established by FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) (see Note 7), is based on management’s estimate of the property’s “as-if” vacant fair value and is calculated by using all available information such as the replacement cost of such asset, appraisals, property condition reports, market data and other related information. The allocation of the total consideration to intangible lease assets represents the value associated with the in-place leases, which may include lost rent, leasing commissions, legal and other related costs, which the Company, as buyer of the property, did not have to incur to obtain the residents. If any debt is assumed in an acquisition, the difference between the fair value, which is estimated using inputs that are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, and the face value of debt is recorded as a premium or discount and amortized as interest expense over the life of the debt assumed.

Real estate assets, including land, buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, and intangible lease assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Costs incurred in making repairs and maintaining real estate assets are expensed as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements are capitalized at cost. Real estate-related depreciation and amortization are computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives as described in the following table:

Land		Not depreciated
Buildings		30 years
Improvements		15 years
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment		3 years
Intangible lease assets		6 months

Construction in progress includes the cost of renovation projects being performed at the various properties. Once a project is complete, the historical cost of the renovation is placed into service in one of the categories above depending on the type of renovation project and is depreciated over the estimated useful lives as described in the table above.

Impairment

The Company periodically classifies real estate assets as held for sale when certain criteria are met, in accordance with GAAP. At that time, the Company presents the net real estate assets and the net debt associated with the real estate held for sale separately in its consolidated balance sheet, and the Company ceases recording depreciation and amortization expense related to that property. Real estate held for sale is reported at the lower of its carrying amount or its estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. As of September 30, 2019, there are two properties that are held for sale. Approximately $0.1 million of other assets and approximately $0.5 million of other liabilities related to the held for sale assets are included on the consolidated balance sheet.

Income Taxes

The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and expects to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute annually at least 90% of its “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Code, to its stockholders. As a REIT, the Company will be subject to federal income tax on its undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions it pays with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of its ordinary income, (2) 95% of its capital gain net income and (3) 100% of its undistributed income from prior years. The Company intends to operate in such a manner so as to qualify as a REIT, but no assurance can be given that the Company will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. The Company had no significant taxes associated with its TRS for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

If the Company fails to meet these requirements, it could be subject to federal income tax on all of the Company’s taxable income at regular corporate rates for that year. The Company would not be able to deduct distributions paid to stockholders in any year in which it fails to qualify as a REIT. Additionally, the Company will also be disqualified from electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost unless the Company is entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions. As of September 30, 2019, the Company believes it is in compliance with all applicable REIT requirements.

The Company evaluates the accounting and disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Company’s tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” (greater than 50 percent probability) of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold would be recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. The Company’s management is required to analyze all open tax years, as defined by the statute of limitations, for all major jurisdictions, which include federal and certain states. The Company has no examinations in progress and none are expected at this time.

The Company recognizes its tax positions and evaluates them using a two-step process. First, the Company determines whether a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Second, the Company will determine the amount of benefit to recognize and record the amount that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement.

The Company had no material unrecognized tax benefit or expense, accrued interest or penalties as of September 30, 2019. The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to federal income tax as well as income tax of various state and local jurisdictions. The 2018, 2017 and 2016 tax years remain open to examination by tax jurisdictions to which the Company and its subsidiaries are subject. When applicable, the Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions on its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in the Current Year

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, which requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. An entity should also disclose sufficient quantitative and qualitative information to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers – Deferral of the Effective Date, which amends ASU 2014-09 to defer the effective date by one year. The new standard is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Entities are allowed to use either the full or modified retrospective approach when transitioning to the ASU. The Company implemented the provisions of ASU 2014-09 as of January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as a substantial portion of its revenue consists of rental income from leasing arrangements, which is specifically excluded from ASU 2014-09.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU 2016-01”), which changes certain recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. The ASU requires all equity investments, except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or resulting in consolidation, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. The ASU also simplifies the impairment assessment for equity investments without readily determinable fair values, amends the presentation requirements for changes in the fair value of financial liabilities, requires presentation of financial instruments by measurement category and form of financial asset, and eliminates the requirement to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used in estimating the fair value of financial instruments. The ASU is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company implemented the provisions of ASU 2016-01 as of January 1, 2019, and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the Company does not, nor does it expect to, have a material amount of financial assets or financial liabilities that would be subject to the provisions of ASU 2016-01.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Section 107 of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”) provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), for complying with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Company has elected to take advantage of this extended transition period. As a result of this election, the Company’s financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates for such new or revised standards. At September 30, 2019, the Company’s public float exceeded $700 million, and as such, the transition period will end at December 31, 2019. At the point the transition period ends, the Company will follow the adoption criteria for public companies and reflect such adoption criteria in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2019 fiscal year.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) (“ASU 2017-12”), which clarifies hedge accounting requirements, improves disclosure of hedging arrangements, and better aligns risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships. The Company early adopted ASU 2017-12 on January 1, 2018, on a modified retrospective basis. For cash flow hedges existing as of the date of adoption, the Company eliminated the separate measurement of ineffectiveness by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”) with a corresponding adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated earnings less dividends on January 1, 2018. The cumulative-effect adjustment, which eliminated the cumulative ineffectiveness that was previously reported in interest expense, resulted in an increase to OCI of approximately $1.4 million, with a corresponding decrease to accumulated earnings less dividends.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which supersedes the current accounting for leases and while retaining two distinct types of leases, finance and operating, (1) requires lessees to record a right of use asset and a related liability for the rights and obligations associated with a lease, regardless of lease classification, and recognize lease expense in a manner similar to current accounting, (2) eliminates most real estate specific lease provisions and (3) aligns many of the underlying lessor model principles with those in the new revenue standard. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. As noted above, at the point the transition period ends, the Company will follow the adoption criteria for public companies. As such, the ASU is now effective for the Company to adopt as of January 1, 2019, and will be presented accordingly in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the 2019 Fiscal Year. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach when transitioning to the ASU for leases that exist as of or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. As lessors, substantially all of the Company’s agreements have a term of 12 months or less. For lessors, accounting for leases under the new standard will be substantially the same as existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases, and operating leases, but eliminates current real estate specific provisions and changes the treatment of initial direct costs. The Company is continuing its evaluation, which may identify additional impacts this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases – Targeted Improvements (“ASU 2018-11”), which provides entities with relief from the costs of implementing certain aspects of ASU 2016-02. The ASU provides a practical expedient which allows lessors to not separate lease and non-lease components in a contract and allocate the consideration in the contract to the separate components if both (i) the timing and pattern of revenue recognition for the non-lease component and the related lease component are the same and (ii) the combined single lease component would be classified as an operating lease. The Company intends to elect the practical expedient to account for lease and non-lease components as a single component in lease contracts where the Company is the lessor. The ASU also provides a transition option that permits entities to not recast the comparative periods presented when transitioning to the standard. The Company also intends to elect the transition option.

In August 2018, the SEC adopted SEC Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification (the “SEC Release”), which amends certain disclosure requirements that were redundant, duplicative, overlapping or superseded by other SEC disclosure requirements or GAAP. The amendments generally eliminated or otherwise reduced certain disclosure requirements of various SEC rules and regulations. However, in some cases, the amendments require additional information to be disclosed, including changes in stockholders’ equity in interim periods. Under the SEC Release, registrants will be required to disclose in interim periods on Form 10-Q the changes in each caption of stockholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests for the current and comparative year-to-date periods, with subtotals for each interim period and the amount of dividends per share for each class of shares. The amendments require registrants, including smaller reporting companies, to provide information as prescribed by Rule 3-04 of Regulation S-X. Therefore, the interim disclosures of changes in stockholders’ equity, including dividends per share amounts, may be given in a note to the financial statements or in a separate financial statement. Under Rule 3-04, the interim disclosures of the changes in stockholders’ equity should be in the form of a reconciliation of the beginning balance to the ending balance for each period for which an income statement is required to be filed, with all significant reconciling items described by appropriate captions. The reconciliation should also reflect any adjustments to the balance at the beginning of the earliest period presented for items retroactively applied to periods prior to that period. The Company adopted the provisions of the SEC Release on September 30, 2018, on a retrospective basis.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to conform the prior period consolidated financial statements and notes to the current period presentation.

3. Investments in Subsidiaries

The Company conducts its operations through the OP, which owns the properties through single asset limited liability companies that are special purpose entities (“SPEs”). The Company consolidates the SPEs that it controls as well as any VIEs where it is the primary beneficiary. In connection with its indirect equity investments in the properties acquired, the Company, through the OP and the TRS, directly or indirectly holds 100% of the membership interests in SPEs that directly own the properties. All of the properties the SPEs own are consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The assets of each entity can only be used to settle obligations of that particular entity, and the creditors of each entity have no recourse to the assets of other entities or the Company.

Additionally, the Company has in the past and may in the future enter into purchase and sale transactions structured as reverse like-kind exchanges (“1031 Exchanges”) under Section 1031 of the Code. For a reverse 1031 Exchange in which the Company purchases a new property prior to selling the property to be matched in the like-kind exchange (the Company refers to the new property being acquired in the 1031 Exchange prior to the sale of the related property as a “Parked Asset”), legal title to the Parked Asset is held by an Exchange Accommodation Titleholder (“EAT”) engaged to execute the 1031 Exchange until the sale transaction and the 1031 Exchange are completed. The Company, through a wholly owned subsidiary, enters into a master lease agreement with the EAT whereby the EAT leases the acquired property and all other rights acquired in connection with the acquisition to the Company. The term of the master lease agreement is the earlier of the completion of the reverse 1031 Exchange or 180 days from the date that the property was acquired. The EAT is classified as a VIE as it does not have sufficient equity investment at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. The Company consolidates the EAT as its primary beneficiary because it has the ability to control the activities that most significantly impact the EAT’s economic performance and the Company retains all of the legal and economic benefits and obligations related to the Parked Assets prior to completion of the 1031 Exchange. As such, the Parked Assets are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as VIEs until legal title is transferred to the Company upon either completion of the 1031 Exchange or termination of the master lease agreement, at which time they will be consolidated as wholly owned subsidiaries.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company, through the OP and the wholly owned TRS, owned 37 properties through single-asset LLCs. The following table represents the Company’s ownership in each property by virtue of its 100% ownership of the single-asset LLCs that directly own the title to each property as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

				Effective Ownership Percentage at
Property Name		Location	Year Acquired	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Arbors on Forest Ridge		Bedford, Texas	2014		100	%		100	%
Cutter's Point		Richardson, Texas	2014		100	%		100	%
Eagle Crest		Irving, Texas	2014		100	%		100	%
Silverbrook		Grand Prairie, Texas	2014		100	%		100	%
Beechwood Terrace		Antioch, Tennessee	2014		100	%		100	%
Willow Grove		Nashville, Tennessee	2014		100	%		100	%
Woodbridge	(1)	Nashville, Tennessee	2014		100	%		100	%
The Summit at Sabal Park		Tampa, Florida	2014		100	%		100	%
Courtney Cove		Tampa, Florida	2014		100	%		100	%
Radbourne Lake		Charlotte, North Carolina	2014		100	%		100	%
Timber Creek		Charlotte, North Carolina	2014		100	%		100	%
Sabal Palm at Lake Buena Vista		Orlando, Florida	2014		100	%		100	%
Southpoint Reserve at Stoney Creek	(1)	Fredericksburg, Virginia	2014		100	%		100	%
Cornerstone		Orlando, Florida	2015		100	%		100	%
The Preserve at Terrell Mill		Marietta, Georgia	2015		100	%		100	%
Versailles		Dallas, Texas	2015		100	%		100	%
Seasons 704 Apartments		West Palm Beach, Florida	2015		100	%		100	%
Madera Point		Mesa, Arizona	2015		100	%		100	%
Venue at 8651		Fort Worth, Texas	2015		100	%		100	%
Parc500		West Palm Beach, Florida	2016		100	%		100	%
The Venue on Camelback	(2)	Phoenix, Arizona	2016		100	%		100	%
Old Farm		Houston, Texas	2016		100	%		100	%
Stone Creek at Old Farm		Houston, Texas	2016		100	%		100	%
Hollister Place		Houston, Texas	2017		100	%		100	%
Rockledge Apartments		Marietta, Georgia	2017		100	%		100	%
Atera Apartments		Dallas, Texas	2017		100	%		100	%
Cedar Pointe	(3)	Antioch, Tennessee	2018		100	%		100	%
Crestmont Reserve		Dallas, Texas	2018		100	%		100	%
Brandywine I & II		Nashville, Tennessee	2018		100	%		100	%
Bella Vista	(4)	Phoenix, Arizona	2019		100	%		—		(6)
The Enclave	(4)	Tempe, Arizona	2019		100	%		—		(6)
The Heritage	(4)	Phoenix, Arizona	2019		100	%		—		(6)
Summers Landing		Fort Worth, Texas	2019		100	%		—		(6)
Residences at Glenview Reserve	(5)	Nashville, Tennessee	2019		100	%		—		(6)
Residences at West Place	(5)	Orlando, Florida	2019		100	%		—		(6)
Avant at Pembroke Pines		Pembroke Pines, Florida	2019		100	%		—		(6)
Arbors of Brentwood		Nashville, Tennessee	2019		100	%		—		(6)

(1)	Property was classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2019.

(2)	Formerly known as The Colonnade.

(3)

The EAT that directly owned Cedar Pointe was consolidated as a VIE at December 31, 2018. The master lease agreement with the EAT that directly owned Cedar Pointe terminated on February 20, 2019, at which time legal title to Cedar Pointe transferred to the Company. Upon the transfer of title, the entity that directly owned Cedar Pointe was no longer considered a VIE.

(4)

The EAT that directly owned Bella Vista, The Enclave and The Heritage was consolidated as a VIE at March 31, 2019. The master lease agreement with the EAT that directly owned these properties terminated on July 27, 2019, at which time legal title transferred to the Company. Upon the transfer of title, the EAT that directly owned these properties was no longer considered a VIE.

(5)

NXRT acquired two multifamily properties, the Residences at Glenview Reserve and the Residences at West Place (the “Residences”) on July 17, 2019. The master lease agreement with the EAT that directly owned these properties terminated on September 3, 2019, at which time legal title transferred to the Company. Upon the transfer of title, the EAT that directly owned these properties was no longer considered a VIE.

(6)	Properties were acquired in 2019; therefore, no ownership as of December 31, 2018.

4. Real Estate Investments Statistics

As of September 30, 2019, the Company was invested in a total of 37 multifamily properties, as listed below:

							Average Effective Monthly Rent Per Unit (1) as of					% Occupied (2) as of
Property Name		Rentable Square Footage (in thousands)		Number of Units		Date Acquired	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Arbors on Forest Ridge			155	210		1/31/2014	$	878	$	870			94.3	%		95.2	%
Cutter's Point			198	196		1/31/2014		1,151		1,109			92.3	%		95.4	%
Eagle Crest			396	447		1/31/2014		960		922			93.1	%		94.9	%
Silverbrook			526	642		1/31/2014		870		835			93.6	%		94.9	%
Beechwood Terrace			272	300		7/21/2014		956		933			94.3	%		93.7	%
Willow Grove			229	244		7/21/2014		993		960			93.9	%		95.1	%
Woodbridge	(3)		247	220		7/21/2014		1,054		1,028			92.3	%		94.1	%
The Summit at Sabal Park			205	252		8/20/2014		993		955			95.6	%		94.4	%
Courtney Cove			225	324		8/20/2014		904		895			93.8	%		95.7	%
Radbourne Lake			247	225		9/30/2014		1,120		1,082			92.4	%		96.0	%
Timber Creek			248	352		9/30/2014		907		847			92.0	%		92.6	%
Sabal Palm at Lake Buena Vista			371	400		11/5/2014		1,279		1,255			92.8	%		96.5	%
Southpoint Reserve at Stoney Creek	(3)		116	156		12/18/2014		1,154		1,093			96.8	%		98.1	%
Cornerstone			318	430		1/15/2015		1,054		1,007			92.6	%		94.2	%
The Preserve at Terrell Mill			692	752		2/6/2015		957		921			92.7	%		94.8	%
Versailles			301	388		2/26/2015		909		884			91.5	%		96.4	%
Seasons 704 Apartments			217	222		4/15/2015		1,142		1,130			94.1	%		96.8	%
Madera Point			193	256		8/5/2015		915		866			93.8	%		94.5	%
Venue at 8651			289	333		10/30/2015		909		875			93.4	%		92.8	%
Parc500			266	217		7/27/2016		1,267		1,254			89.9	%		94.9	%
The Venue on Camelback			256	415		10/11/2016		764		719			92.0	%		93.3	%
Old Farm			697	734		12/29/2016		1,163		1,176			93.1	%		92.9	%
Stone Creek at Old Farm			186	190		12/29/2016		1,184		1,173			95.8	%		96.8	%
Hollister Place			246	260		2/1/2017		1,005		984			96.2	%		93.5	%
Rockledge Apartments			802	708		6/30/2017		1,243		1,186			94.5	%		94.6	%
Atera Apartments			334	380		10/25/2017		1,249		1,232			91.8	%		97.4	%
Cedar Pointe			224	210		8/24/2018		1,042		1,051			93.8	%		95.7	%
Crestmont Reserve			199	242		9/26/2018		902		914			96.3	%		94.6	%
Brandywine I & II			414	632		9/26/2018		973		957			93.2	%		93.8	%
Bella Vista			243	248		1/28/2019		1,244		—	(4)		96.4	%		—		(4)
The Enclave			194	204		1/28/2019		1,285		—	(4)		94.6	%		—		(4)
The Heritage			199	204		1/28/2019		1,226		—	(4)		92.6	%		—		(4)
Summers Landing			139	196		6/7/2019		928		—	(4)		93.9	%		—		(4)
Residences at Glenview Reserve			344	360		7/17/2019		966		—	(4)		93.9	%		—		(4)
Residences at West Place			345	342		7/17/2019		1,212		—	(4)		93.9	%		—		(4)
Avant at Pembroke Pines			1,442	1520		8/30/2019		1,487		—	(4)		95.0	%		—		(4)
Arbors of Brentwood			325	346		9/10/2019		1,171		—	(4)		94.2	%		—		(4)
			12,300		13,757

(1)

Average effective monthly rent per unit is equal to the average of the contractual rent for commenced leases as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, minus any tenant concessions over the term of the lease, divided by the number of units under commenced leases as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

(2)	Percent occupied is calculated as the number of units occupied as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, divided by the total number of units, expressed as a percentage.

(3)	Property was classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2019.

(4)	Properties were acquired in 2019.

5. Real Estate Investments

As of September 30, 2019, the major components of the Company’s investments in multifamily properties were as follows (in thousands):

Operating Properties		Land		Buildings and Improvements			Intangible Lease Assets			Construction in Progress		Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment			Totals
Arbors on Forest Ridge		$	2,330	$	11,349		$	—		$	129	$	1,369		$	15,177
Cutter's Point			3,330		13,480			—			—		1,605			18,415
Eagle Crest			5,450		23,609			—			27		1,779			30,865
Silverbrook			4,860		26,938			—			5		4,195			35,998
Beechwood Terrace			1,390		21,625			—			—		2,243			25,258
Willow Grove			3,940		10,929			—			—		1,644			16,513
The Summit at Sabal Park			5,770		13,597			—			—		1,567			20,934
Courtney Cove			5,880		13,309			—			77		1,768			21,034
Radbourne Lake			2,440		22,341			—			83		1,807			26,671
Timber Creek			11,260		13,947			—			—		2,666			27,873
Sabal Palm at Lake Buena Vista			7,580		42,154			—			—		1,884			51,618
Cornerstone			1,500		30,554			—			6		2,681			34,741
The Preserve at Terrell Mill			10,170		49,174			—			7		5,896			65,247
Versailles			6,720		21,874			—			—		3,263			31,857
Seasons 704 Apartments			7,480		14,305			—			—		1,410			23,195
Madera Point			4,920		17,608			—			—		1,663			24,191
Venue at 8651			2,350		18,153			—			—		3,120			23,623
Parc500			3,860		20,785			—			74		3,022			27,741
The Venue on Camelback			8,340		37,912			—			97		1,986			48,335
Old Farm			11,078		70,801			—			294		2,231			84,404
Stone Creek at Old Farm			3,493		19,420			—			8		638			23,559
Hollister Place			2,782		21,735			—			—		1,912			26,429
Rockledge Apartments			17,451		96,018			—			27		4,510			118,006
Atera Apartments			22,371		37,356			—			2		1,851			61,580
Cedar Pointe	(1)		2,372		23,857			—			183		1,069			27,481
Crestmont Reserve			4,124		20,552			—			111		842			25,629
Brandywine I & II			6,237		73,436			—			162		2,118			81,953
Bella Vista	(2)		10,942		36,549			—			39		1,115			48,645
The Enclave	(2)		11,046		30,183			—			122		865			42,216
The Heritage	(2)		6,835		34,599			—			73		943			42,450
Summers Landing			1,798		16,852			533			72		424			19,679
Residences at Glenview Reserve	(3)		3,367		40,161			982			—		705			45,215
Residences at West Place	(3)		3,345		50,866			1,178			—		746			56,135
Avant at Pembroke Pines			48,435		265,572			6,990			—		3,155			324,152
Arbors of Brentwood			6,346		54,487			1,214			—		725			62,772
			261,592		1,316,087			10,897			1,598		69,417			1,659,591
Accumulated depreciation and amortization			—		(97,950	)		(2,803	)		—		(37,457	)		(138,210	)
Total Operating Properties		$	261,592	$	1,218,137		$	8,094		$	1,598	$	31,960		$	1,521,381

Held For Sale Property
Southpoint Reserve at Stoney Creek			6,120		11,413			—			—		918			18,451
Woodbridge			3,650		13,282			—			—		1,846			18,778

Accumulated depreciation and amortization			—		(3,237	)		—			—		(1,357	)		(4,594	)
Total Held For Sale Property		$	9,770	$	21,458		$	—		$	—	$	1,407		$	32,635

Total		$	271,362	$	1,239,595		$	8,094		$	1,598	$	33,367		$	1,554,016

(1)

(2)

(3)

NXRT acquired the Residences on July 17, 2019. The master lease agreement with the EAT that directly owned these properties terminated on September 3, 2019, at which time legal title transferred to the Company. Upon the transfer of title, the EAT that directly owned these properties was no longer considered a VIE.

As of December 31, 2018, the major components of the Company’s investments in multifamily properties were as follows (in thousands):

Operating Properties		Land		Buildings and Improvements			Intangible Lease Assets			Construction in Progress		Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment			Totals
Arbors on Forest Ridge		$	2,330	$	11,319		$	—		$	—	$	1,047		$	14,696
Cutter's Point			3,330		13,347			—			—		1,320			17,997
Eagle Crest			5,450		22,969			—			—		1,563			29,982
Silverbrook			4,860		26,485			—			60		3,230			34,635
Edgewater at Sandy Springs			14,290		44,186			—			349		5,083			63,908
Beechwood Terrace			1,390		21,123			—			31		1,670			24,214
Willow Grove			3,940		10,829			—			—		1,231			16,000
Woodbridge			3,650		13,125			—			—		1,536			18,311
Abbington Heights			1,770		17,140			—			—		1,539			20,449
The Summit at Sabal Park			5,770		13,447			—			43		1,347			20,607
Courtney Cove			5,880		13,170			—			—		1,268			20,318
Radbourne Lake			2,440		22,138			—			72		1,536			26,186
Timber Creek			11,260		13,582			—			—		1,556			26,398
Belmont at Duck Creek			1,910		17,397			—			—		1,471			20,778
Sabal Palm at Lake Buena Vista			7,580		41,336			—			—		1,280			50,196
Cornerstone			1,500		30,513			—			—		1,885			33,898
The Preserve at Terrell Mill			10,170		49,091			—			57		4,843			64,161
The Ashlar			4,090		12,845			—			—		2,017			18,952
Heatherstone			2,320		8,132			—			—		1,199			11,651
Versailles			6,720		21,513			—			—		3,033			31,266
Seasons 704 Apartments			7,480		14,223			—			—		1,288			22,991
Madera Point			4,920		17,570			—			—		1,431			23,921
The Pointe at the Foothills			4,840		46,998			—			—		2,078			53,916
Venue at 8651			2,350		18,084			—			—		2,499			22,933
Parc500			3,860		20,692			—			37		2,600			27,189
The Colonnade			8,340		37,086			—			567		1,604			47,597
Old Farm			11,078		70,471			—			—		1,800			83,349
Stone Creek at Old Farm			3,493		19,394			—			—		467			23,354
Hollister Place			2,782		21,389			—			135		1,410			25,716
Rockledge Apartments			17,451		95,484			—			428		3,314			116,677
Atera Apartments			22,371		36,563			—			86		1,151			60,171
Cedar Pointe	(1)		2,371		23,458			600			16		441			26,886
Crestmont Reserve			4,124		19,544			687			—		504			24,859
Brandywine I & II			6,237		70,961			1,762			—		1,215			80,175
			202,347		935,604			3,049			1,881		61,456			1,204,337
Accumulated depreciation and amortization			—		(95,364	)		(1,625	)		—		(37,135	)		(134,124	)
Total Operating Properties		$	202,347	$	840,240		$	1,424		$	1,881	$	24,321		$	1,070,213

Held For Sale Properties
Southpoint Reserve at Stoney Creek			6,120		11,319			—			—		787			18,226
Accumulated depreciation and amortization			—		(736	)		—			—		(161	)		(897	)
Total Held For Sale Properties		$	6,120	$	10,583		$	—		$	—	$	626		$	17,329

Total		$	208,467	$	850,823		$	1,424		$	1,881	$	24,947		$	1,087,542

(1)

Depreciation expense was $14.1 million and $11.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Depreciation expense was $39.0 million and $32.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangible lease assets was $3.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangible lease assets was $6.7 million and $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangible lease assets for all acquisitions completed through September 30, 2019 is expected to be $8.1 million for the remainder of the year ended December 31, 2019. Due to the six-month useful life attributable to intangible lease assets, the value of intangible lease assets on any acquisition prior to March 31, 2019 has been fully amortized and the assets and related accumulated amortization have been written off as of September 30, 2019.

Acquisitions

The Company acquired eight properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as detailed in the table below (dollars in thousands). The Company acquired three properties for a combined purchase price of $131.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Property Name	Location	Date of Acquisition	Purchase Price		Mortgage Debt (1)		# Units		Effective Ownership
Bella Vista	Phoenix, Arizona	January 28, 2019	$	48,400	$	29,040		248		100	%
The Enclave	Tempe, Arizona	January 28, 2019		41,800		25,322		204		100	%
The Heritage	Phoenix, Arizona	January 28, 2019		41,900		24,625		204		100	%
Summers Landing	Fort Worth, Texas	June 7, 2019		19,396		10,109		196		100	%
Residences at Glenview Reserve	Nashville, Tennessee	July 17, 2019		45,000		26,560		360		100	%
Residences at West Place	Orlando, Florida	July 17, 2019		55,000		33,817		342		100	%
Avant at Pembroke Pines	Pembroke Pines, Florida	August 30, 2019		322,000		177,100		1,520		100	%
Arbors of Brentwood	Nashville, Tennessee	September 10, 2019		62,250		34,237		346		100	%
			$	635,746	$	360,810		3,420

(1)	For additional information regarding the Company’s debt, see Note 6.

Dispositions

The Company sold six properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as detailed in the table below (dollars in thousands). The Company sold one property for approximately $30.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Property Name	Location	Date of Sale	Sales Price		Net Cash Proceeds (1)		Gain on Sale of Real Estate
Edgewater at Sandy Springs	Atlanta, Georgia	August 28, 2019	$	101,250	$	100,117	$	47,329
Abbington Heights	Antioch, Tennessee	August 30, 2019		28,050		27,606		10,888
Belmont at Duck Creek	Garland, Texas	August 28, 2019		29,500		29,094		11,985
The Ashlar	Dallas, Texas	August 28, 2019		29,400		29,029		13,205
Heatherstone	Dallas, Texas	August 28, 2019		16,275		16,034		6,368
The Pointe at the Foothills	Mesa, Arizona	August 28, 2019		85,400		84,615		37,925
			$	289,875	$	286,495	$	127,700

(1)	Represents sales price, net of closing costs.

6. Debt

Mortgage Debt

The following table contains summary information concerning the mortgage debt of the Company as of September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Operating Properties		Type	Term (months)		Outstanding Principal (1)				Interest Rate (2)	Maturity Date
Arbors on Forest Ridge	(3)	Floating		84	$	13,130			3.70%	7/1/2024
Cutter's Point	(3)	Floating		84	$	16,640			3.70%	7/1/2024
Eagle Crest	(3)	Floating		84	$	29,510			3.70%	7/1/2024
Silverbrook	(3)	Floating		84	$	30,590			3.70%	7/1/2024
Beechwood Terrace	(3)	Floating		84	$	23,365			3.46%	9/1/2025
Willow Grove	(3)	Floating		84	$	14,818			3.80%	7/1/2024
The Summit at Sabal Park	(3)	Floating		84	$	13,560			3.64%	7/1/2024
Courtney Cove	(3)	Floating		84	$	13,680			3.64%	7/1/2024
The Preserve at Terrell Mill	(3)	Floating		84	$	42,480			3.64%	7/1/2024
Versailles	(3)	Floating		84	$	23,880			3.64%	7/1/2024
Seasons 704 Apartments	(3)	Floating		84	$	17,460			3.64%	7/1/2024
Madera Point	(3)	Floating		84	$	15,150			3.64%	7/1/2024
Venue at 8651	(3)	Floating		84	$	13,734			3.80%	7/1/2024
The Venue on Camelback	(3)	Floating		84	$	28,093			3.70%	7/1/2024
Old Farm	(3)	Floating		84	$	52,886			3.70%	7/1/2024
Stone Creek at Old Farm	(3)	Floating		84	$	15,274			3.70%	7/1/2024
Timber Creek	(3)	Floating		84	$	24,100			3.28%	10/1/2025
Radbourne Lake	(3)	Floating		84	$	20,000			3.31%	10/1/2025
Sabal Palm at Lake Buena Vista	(3)	Floating		84	$	42,100			3.32%	9/1/2025
Cornerstone	(4)	Fixed		120	$	21,888			4.24%	3/1/2023
Parc500	(5)	Fixed		120	$	15,289			4.49%	8/1/2025
Hollister Place	(3)	Floating		84	$	14,811			3.36%	10/1/2025
Rockledge Apartments	(3)	Floating		84	$	68,100			3.59%	7/1/2024
Atera Apartments	(3)	Floating		84	$	29,500			3.50%	11/1/2024
Cedar Pointe	(6)	Floating		84	$	17,300			3.37%	9/1/2025
Crestmont Reserve	(3)	Floating		84	$	12,061			3.20%	10/1/2025
Brandywine I & II	(3)	Floating		84	$	43,835			3.20%	10/1/2025
Bella Vista	(7)	Floating		84	$	29,040			3.34%	2/1/2026
The Enclave	(7)	Floating		84	$	25,322			3.34%	2/1/2026
The Heritage	(7)	Floating		84	$	24,625			3.34%	2/1/2026
Summers Landing	(8)	Floating		84	$	10,109			3.20%	10/1/2025
Residences at Glenview Reserve	(9)	Floating		84	$	26,560			3.46%	10/1/2025
Residences at West Place	(9)	Fixed		120	$	33,817			4.24%	10/1/2028
Avant at Pembroke Pines	(3)	Floating		84	$	177,100			3.45%	9/1/2026
Arbors of Brentwood	(3)	Floating		84	$	34,237			3.45%	10/1/2026
					$	1,034,044
Fair market value adjustment						1,514		(10)
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $2,254						(7,611	)
					$	1,027,947

Held For Sale Property
Southpoint Reserve at Stoney Creek	(3)	Floating		84		13,227			4.13%	1/1/2022
Woodbridge	(3)	Floating		84		13,677			3.80%	7/1/2024
					$	26,904
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $223						(288	)
					$	26,616

(1)	Mortgage debt that is non-recourse to the Company and encumbers the multifamily properties.

(2)	Interest rate is based on one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin, except for fixed rate mortgage debt. One-month LIBOR as of September 30, 2019 was 2.0156%.

(3)

(4)

Debt in the amount of $18.0 million was assumed upon acquisition of this property and recorded at approximated fair value. The assumed debt carries a 4.09% fixed rate, was originally issued in March 2013, and had a term of 120 months with an initial 24 months of interest only. At the time of acquisition, the principal balance of the first mortgage remained unchanged and had a remaining term of 98 months with 2 months of interest only. The first mortgage is pre-payable and subject to yield maintenance from the 13^th month through August 31, 2022 and is pre-payable at par September 1, 2022 until maturity. Concurrently with the acquisition of the property, the Company placed a supplemental second mortgage on the property with a principal amount of approximately $5.8 million, a fixed rate of 4.70%, and with a maturity date that is the same time as the first mortgage. The supplemental second mortgage is pre-payable and subject to yield maintenance from the date of issuance through August 31, 2022 and is pre-payable at par September 1, 2022 until maturity. As of September 30, 2019, the total indebtedness secured by the property had a blended interest rate of 4.24%.

(5)	Debt was assumed upon acquisition of this property and recorded at approximated fair value. The loan is open to pre-payment in the last four months of the term.

(6)

Loan can be pre-paid in the first 12 months of the term in certain circumstances at par plus 5.00%. Starting in the 13^th month of the term through the 81^st month of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance and at par during the last three months of the term. The EAT that directly owned Cedar Pointe was consolidated as a VIE at December 31, 2018. The master lease agreement with the EAT that directly owned Cedar Pointe terminated on February 20, 2019, at which time legal title to Cedar Pointe transferred to the Company. Upon the transfer of title, the entity that directly owned Cedar Pointe was no longer considered a VIE.

(7)

Loan can be pre-paid in the first 12 months of the term in certain circumstances at par plus 5.00%. Starting in the 13^th month of the term through the 81^st month of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance and at par during the last three months of the term. The EAT that directly owned Bella Vista, The Enclave and The Heritage was consolidated as a VIE at March 31, 2019. The master lease agreement with the EAT that directly owned these properties terminated on July 27, 2019, at which time legal title transferred to the Company. Upon the transfer of title, the EAT that directly owned these properties was no longer considered a VIE.

(8)

Debt was assumed upon acquisition of this property and recorded at approximated fair value. It can be pre-paid in the first 12 months of the term in certain circumstances at par plus 5.00%. Starting in the 13^th month of the term through the 81^st month of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance and at par during the last three months of the term.

(9)

Debt was assumed upon acquisition of this property and recorded at approximated fair value. The loan can be prepaid at the greater of par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance or the product obtained by multiplying the present value of the principal being prepaid by the excess of the monthly fixed interest rate of the loan over a daily discount rate. The loan is open to pre-payment in the last three months of the term.

(10)

The Company reflected a valuation adjustment on its fixed rate debt for Parc500 and Residences at West Place to adjust it to fair market value on their respective dates of acquisition for the difference between the fair value and the assumed principal amount of debt. The difference is amortized into interest expense over the remaining terms of the mortgages.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company sold six properties and repaid the related mortgage loans that encumbered the properties, as detailed in the table below (in thousands):

Property Name	Date of Sale	Type	Outstanding Principal (1)
Edgewater at Sandy Springs	August 28, 2019	Floating	$	52,000
Abbington Heights	August 30, 2019	Floating		16,920
Belmont at Duck Creek	August 28, 2019	Floating		17,760
The Ashlar	August 28, 2019	Floating		14,520
Heatherstone	August 28, 2019	Floating		8,880
The Pointe at the Foothills	August 28, 2019	Floating		34,800
			$	144,880

(1)	Represents the outstanding principal balance when the loan was repaid.

The weighted average interest rate of the Company’s mortgage indebtedness was 3.56% as of September 30, 2019 and 4.07% as of December 31, 2018. The decrease between the periods is primarily related to a decrease in one-month LIBOR of approximately 49 basis points to 2.0156% as of September 30, 2019 from 2.5027% as of December 31, 2018. As of September 30, 2019, the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the Company’s mortgage indebtedness was 3.01%. For purposes of calculating the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the outstanding mortgage indebtedness, the Company has included the weighted average fixed rate of 1.4147% for one-month LIBOR on its combined $975.0 million notional amount of interest rate swap agreements, which effectively fix the interest rate on $975.0 million of the Company’s floating rate mortgage indebtedness (see Note 7).

Each of the Company’s mortgages is a non-recourse obligation subject to customary provisions. The loan agreements contain customary events of default, including defaults in the payment of principal or interest, defaults in compliance with the covenants contained in the documents evidencing the loan, defaults in payments under any other security instrument covering any part of the property, whether junior or senior to the loan, and bankruptcy or other insolvency events. As of September 30, 2019, the Company believes it is in compliance with all provisions.

Freddie Mac Multifamily Green Advantage. In order to obtain more favorable pricing on the Company’s mortgage debt financing with Freddie Mac, the Company has decided to participate in Freddie Mac’s new Multifamily Green Advantage program (the “Green Program”). In the second quarter of 2017, the Company escrowed approximately $4.2 million to finance smarter, greener property improvements at 18 of its properties. In connection with the three acquisitions and seven refinancings the Company completed in 2018, the Company escrowed approximately $1.2 million related to the Green Program. In connection with the eight acquisitions in 2019, the Company escrowed approximately $0.9 million related to the Green Program.

Credit Facility

The following table contains summary information concerning the Company’s credit facility as of September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	Type	Term (months)		Outstanding Principal			Interest Rate (1)	Maturity Date
Corporate Credit Facility	Floating		24	$	41,700		4.35%	1/28/2021
Corporate Credit Facility	Floating		24		19,000		4.29%	1/28/2021
Corporate Credit Facility	Floating		24		46,300		4.36%	1/28/2021
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $284					(966	)
				$	106,034

(1)	Interest rate is based on one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin. One-month LIBOR as of September 30, 2019 was 2.0156%.

Corporate Credit Facility. On January 28, 2019, the Company, through the OP, entered into a $75.0 million credit facility (the “Corporate Credit Facility”) with SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto, and immediately drew $52.5 million to fund a portion of the purchase price of Bella Vista, The Enclave, and The Heritage. The Corporate Credit Facility is a full-term, interest-only facility with an initial 24-month term, has one 12-month extension option, and the Company has the right to request an increase in the facility amount up to $140 million (the “Accordion Feature”). The facility bears interest at a rate of one-month LIBOR plus a range from 2.00% to 2.50%, depending on the Company’s leverage level as determined under the Corporate Credit Facility agreement, and is guaranteed by the Company. On June 29, 2019, the Company, through the OP, exercised its option under the Accordion Feature of the Corporate Credit Facility and increased the amount of the facility from $75 million to $125 million. In conjunction with the increase in the facility, the Company incurred costs of $0.5 million in obtaining the additional financing through the Accordion Feature (see “Deferred Financing Costs” below). On August 28, 2019, the Company, through the OP, increased the amount of the Corporate Credit Facility by $25 million, resulting in aggregate commitments of $150 million as of September 30, 2019. In conjunction with the increase in the facility, the Company incurred costs of $0.2 million of deferred financing costs.

The Corporate Credit Facility is a non-recourse obligation and contains customary events of default, including defaults in the payment of principal or interest, defaults in compliance with the covenants contained in the document evidencing the loan, defaults in payments under any other security instrument, and bankruptcy or other insolvency events. As of September 30, 2019, the Company believes it is in compliance with all provisions.

Deferred Financing Costs

The Company defers costs incurred in obtaining financing and amortizes the costs over the terms of the related loans using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. Deferred financing costs, net of amortization, are recorded as a reduction from the related debt on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Upon repayment of or in conjunction with a material change in the terms of the underlying debt agreement (i.e. a 10% or greater difference in the cash flows between instruments), any unamortized costs and fair market value adjustments related to the original debt are charged to loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs. For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company wrote-off deferred financing costs of approximately $1.4 million and $0.9 million, respectively, which is included in loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company wrote-off deferred financing costs of approximately $1.4 million and $1.4 million, respectively, which is included in loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, amortization of deferred financing costs of approximately $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively, is included in interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, amortization of deferred financing costs of approximately $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively, is included in interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt and Modification Costs

Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs includes prepayment penalties and defeasance costs incurred on the early repayment of debt, costs incurred in a debt modification that are not capitalized as deferred financing costs and other costs incurred in a debt extinguishment.

Schedule of Debt Maturities

The aggregate scheduled maturities, including amortizing principal payments, of total debt for the next five calendar years subsequent to September 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	Operating Properties		Held For Sale Property		Credit Facility		Total
2019	$	183	$	60		—	$	243
2020		744		266		—		1,010
2021		876		290		107,000		108,166
2022		1,391		12,610		—		14,001
2023		21,187		—		—		21,187
Thereafter		1,009,663		13,678		—		1,023,341
Total	$	1,034,044	$	26,904	$	107,000	$	1,167,948

7. Fair Value of Derivatives and Financial Instruments

Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy):

•

Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.

•

Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

•

Level 3 inputs are the unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumption, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on input from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. The Company utilizes independent third parties to perform the allocation of value analysis for each property acquisition and to perform the market valuations on its derivative financial instruments and has established policies, as described above, processes and procedures intended to ensure that the valuation methodologies for investments and derivative financial instruments are fair and consistent as of the measurement date.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company may enter into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings. In order to minimize counterparty credit risk, the Company enters into and expects to enter into hedging arrangements only with major financial institutions that have high credit ratings.

The Company utilizes an independent third party to perform the market valuations on its derivative financial instruments. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate caps are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rate of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the cap are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities. To comply with the provisions of ASC 820, the Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both the Company’s own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of the Company’s derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts and guarantees. Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with the Company’s derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. The Company has determined that the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments made to its derivative contracts, which determination was based on the fair value of each individual contract, was not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, all of the Company’s derivatives held as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s main objective in using interest rate derivatives is to add stability to interest expense related to floating rate debt. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The interest rate swaps have terms ranging from four to five years. Interest rate caps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. The interest rate caps have terms ranging from three to four years. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, interest rate cap derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with a portion of the Company’s floating rate debt. The interest rate cap agreements the Company has entered into effectively cap one-month LIBOR on $346.7 million of the Company’s floating rate mortgage indebtedness at a weighted average rate of 5.74% as of September 30, 2019.

The changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments that are designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in OCI and are subsequently reclassified into net income (loss) in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in OCI related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s floating rate debt. Prior to the Company’s adoption of ASU 2017-12 on January 1, 2018, the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the Company’s derivatives designated as cash flow hedges was recognized directly in net income (loss) as interest expense. The adoption of ASU 2017-12 eliminates the separate measurement of effectiveness and ineffectiveness, and all changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated as cash flow hedges are recorded directly in OCI. Therefore, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded no gain or loss related to the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of its derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded no gain/(loss) related to the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of its derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, which is recorded as a decrease/(increase) to interest expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

In order to fix a portion of, and mitigate the risk associated with, the Company’s floating rate indebtedness (without incurring substantial prepayment penalties or defeasance costs typically associated with fixed rate indebtedness when repaid early or refinanced), the Company, through the OP, has entered into 11 interest rate swap transactions with KeyBank National Association (“KeyBank”) and SunTrust Bank with a combined notional amount of $975.0 million. The interest rate swaps the Company has entered into effectively replace the floating interest rate (one-month LIBOR) with respect to that amount with a weighted average fixed rate of 1.4147%. The Company has designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (dollars in thousands):

Effective Date	Termination Date	Counterparty	Notional		Fixed Rate (1)
July 1, 2016	June 1, 2021	KeyBank	$	100,000		1.1055	%
July 1, 2016	June 1, 2021	KeyBank		100,000		1.0210	%
July 1, 2016	June 1, 2021	KeyBank		100,000		0.9000	%
September 1, 2016	June 1, 2021	KeyBank		100,000		0.9560	%
April 1, 2017	April 1, 2022	KeyBank		100,000		1.9570	%
May 1, 2017	April 1, 2022	KeyBank		50,000		1.9610	%
July 1, 2017	July 1, 2022	KeyBank		100,000		1.7820	%
June 1, 2019	June 1, 2024	KeyBank		50,000		2.0020	%
June 1, 2019	June 1, 2024	SunTrust		50,000		2.0020	%
September 1, 2019	September 1, 2026	KeyBank		100,000		1.4620	%
September 1, 2019	September 1, 2026	KeyBank		125,000		1.3020	%
			$	975,000		1.4147	%	(2)

(1)	The floating rate option for the interest rate swaps is one-month LIBOR. As of September 30, 2019, one-month LIBOR was 2.0156%.

(2)	Represents the weighted average fixed rate of the interest rate swaps.

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements but either do not meet the strict requirements to apply hedge accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or the Company has elected not to designate such derivatives as hedges. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in net income (loss) as interest expense.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had the following outstanding derivatives that were not designated as hedges in qualifying hedging relationships (dollars in thousands):

Product

Number of

Instruments

Notional

Interest rate caps

346,697

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had 19 interest rate cap derivatives, with a notional amount of $382.1 million, which were not designated as hedges in qualifying hedging relationships.

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

		Asset Derivatives				Liability Derivatives
	Balance Sheet Location	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Fair market value of interest rate swaps	$	4,201	$	18,141	$	6,252	$	—

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate caps	Prepaid and other assets		1		10		—		—
Total		$	4,202	$	18,151	$	6,252	$	—

The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	Amount of gain (loss) recognized in OCI						Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated	Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into income					Location of gain (loss) recognized	Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income
	2019			2018			OCI into income	2019		2018			in income	2019		2018
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
For the three months ended September 30,
Interest rate products	$	(1,871	)	$	2,403	(1)	Interest expense	$	1,679	$	1,181	(1)	Interest expense	$	—	$	—
For the nine months ended September 30,
Interest rate products	$	(14,720	)	$	14,156	(1)	Interest expense	$	5,441	$	2,424	(1)	Interest expense	$	—	$	—	(2)

(1)	Represents the effective portion of changes in fair value.

(2)	Represents the ineffective portion of changes in fair value.

	Location of gain (loss)	Amount of gain (loss) recognized in income
	recognized in income	2019			2018
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
For the three months ended September 30,
Interest rate products	Interest expense		(1	)		(31	)
For the nine months ended September 30,
Interest rate products	Interest expense	$	(29	)	$	(33	)

Other Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP have a redemption feature and are marked to their redemption value if such value exceeds the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP (see Note 10). The redemption value is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the redemption date, and therefore, is calculated based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the balance sheet date. Since the valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP are classified as Level 2 if they are adjusted to their redemption value.

Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, accrued real estate taxes payable, accrued interest payable, security deposits and prepaid rent approximated their carrying values because of the short term nature of these instruments. The estimated fair values of other financial instruments were determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair values. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize on the disposition of the financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

Long-term indebtedness is carried at amounts that reasonably approximate their fair value. In calculating the fair value of its long-term indebtedness, the Company used interest rate and spread assumptions that reflect current credit worthiness and market conditions available for the issuance of long-term debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. These financial instruments utilize Level 2 inputs.

Real estate assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In such cases, the Company will evaluate the recoverability of such real estate assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such real estate assets, and provide for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the real estate asset. If impaired, the real estate asset will be written down to its estimated fair value. There can be no assurance that the estimates discussed herein, using Level 3 inputs, are indicative of the amounts the Company could realize on disposition of the real estate asset. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not record any impairment charges related to real estate assets.

8. Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company issued 180,783 shares of common stock pursuant to its long-term incentive plan (see “Long Term Incentive Plan” below) and 1,119,487 pursuant to its at-the-market offering (see “At-the-Market Offering” below).

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had 24,799,905 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding.

Share Repurchase Program

On June 15, 2016, the Board authorized the Company to repurchase up to $30.0 million of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, during a two-year period that was set to expire on June 15, 2018 (the “Share Repurchase Program”). On April 30, 2018, the Board increased the Share Repurchase Program to up to $40.0 million and extended it by an additional two years to June 15, 2020. The Company may utilize various methods to effect the repurchases, and the timing and extent of the repurchases will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, regulatory requirements and other corporate considerations, including whether the Company’s common stock is trading at a significant discount to net asset value per share. Repurchases under this program may be discontinued at any time. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had repurchased 737,458 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at a total cost of approximately $16,694,000, or $22.64 per share.

Long Term Incentive Plan

On June 15, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved a long-term incentive plan (the “2016 LTIP”) and the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-8 registering 2,100,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, which the Company may issue pursuant to the 2016 LTIP. The 2016 LTIP authorizes the compensation committee of the Board to provide equity-based compensation in the form of stock options, appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units and certain other awards denominated or payable in, or otherwise based on, the Company’s common stock or factors that may influence the value of the Company’s common stock, plus cash incentive awards, for the purpose of providing the Company’s directors, officers and other key employees (and those of the Adviser and the Company’s subsidiaries), the Company’s non-employee directors, and potentially certain non-employees who perform employee-type functions, incentives and rewards for performance.

Restricted Stock Units. Under the 2016 LTIP, restricted stock units may be granted to the Company’s directors, officers and other key employees (and those of the Adviser and the Company’s subsidiaries) and typically vest over a three to five-year period for officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser and annually for directors. Beginning on the date of grant, restricted stock units earn dividends that are payable in cash on the vesting date. On August 11, 2016, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 209,797 restricted stock units to its directors and officers. On March 16, 2017, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 219,802 restricted stock units to its directors and officers. On February 15, 2018, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 275,795 restricted stock units to its directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser. On February 21, 2019, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 186,662 restricted stock units to its directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser. The following table includes the number of restricted stock units granted, vested, forfeited and outstanding as of September 30, 2019:

	2019
	Number of Units				Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding January 1,		464,626
Granted		186,662				37.50
Vested		(197,863	)	(1)		23.10
Forfeited		(6,386	)			—
Outstanding September 30,		447,039		(2)	$	29.13

(1)	Certain key employees of the Adviser elected to net the taxes owed upon vesting against the shares issued resulting in 180,783 shares being issued as shown on the Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity.

(2)	108,613 restricted stock units vest in February 2020, 69,530 vest in March 2020, 99,564 vest in February 2021, 99,563 vest in February 2022, 34,883 vest in February 2023 and 34,886 vest in February 2024.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had issued 421,551 shares of common stock under the 2016 LTIP. For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized approximately $1.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of equity-based compensation expense related to grants of restricted stock units, which is included in corporate general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized approximately $3.9 million and $3.1 million, respectively, of equity-based compensation expense related to grants of restricted stock units. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had recognized a liability of approximately $0.7 million related to dividends earned on restricted stock units that are payable in cash upon vesting.

At-the-Market Offering

On February 20, 2019, the Company, the OP and the Adviser entered into separate equity distribution agreements with each of Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”), Raymond James & Associates, Inc. (“Raymond James”) and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc. (together with Raymond James and Jefferies, the “Sales Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate sales price of up to $100,000,000. Sales of shares of common stock, if any, may be made in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), including, without limitation, sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, to or through a market maker at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices based on prevailing market prices (the “ATM Program”). In addition to the issuance and sale of shares of common stock, the Company may enter into forward sale agreements with each of Jefferies and Raymond James, or their respective affiliates, through the ATM Program. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company issued 867,322 shares of common stock at an average price of $46.69 per share for net proceeds of approximately $39.9 million. The Company paid approximately $0.6 million in fees to the Sales Agents with respect to such sales and incurred other issuance costs of approximately $0.3 million, both of which were netted against the gross proceeds and recorded in additional paid in capital. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company issued 1,119,487 shares of common stock at an average price of $45.24 per share for net proceeds of approximately $49.9 million. The Company paid approximately $0.8 million in fees to the Sales Agents with respect to such sales and incurred other issuance costs of approximately $0.9 million, both of which were netted against the gross proceeds and recorded in additional paid in capital. The ATM Program may be terminated by the Company at any time and expires automatically once aggregate sales under the ATM Program reach $100,000,000.

9. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding, which is adjusted for shares classified as treasury shares during the period and excludes any unvested restricted stock units issued pursuant to the 2016 LTIP. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by adjusting basic earnings (loss) per share for the dilutive effect of the assumed vesting of restricted stock units. During periods of net loss, the assumed vesting of restricted stock units is anti-dilutive and is not included in the calculation of earnings (loss) per share.

The effect of the conversion of OP Units held by noncontrolling limited partners is not reflected in the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share, as they are exchangeable for common stock on a one-for-one basis. The income (loss) allocable to such units is allocated on this same basis and reflected as net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. As such, the assumed conversion of these units would have no net impact on the determination of diluted earnings (loss) per share. See Note 10 for additional information.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the periods presented (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,					For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018			2019		2018
Numerator for earnings (loss) per share:
Net income (loss)	$	119,104	$	(5,260	)	$	112,744	$	3,168
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership		357		(15	)		338		10
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	118,747	$	(5,245	)	$	112,406	$	3,158

Denominator for earnings (loss) per share:
Weighted average common shares outstanding		24,088		20,775			23,793		20,847
Denominator for basic earnings per share		24,088		20,775			23,793		20,847
Weighted average unvested restricted stock units		469		487			487		481
Denominator for diluted earnings per share		24,557		21,262			24,280		21,328

Earnings (loss) per weighted average common share:
Basic	$	4.93	$	(0.25	)	$	4.72	$	0.15
Diluted	$	4.84	$	(0.25	)	$	4.63	$	0.15

10. Noncontrolling Interests

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in the OP

Interests in the OP held by limited partners are represented by OP Units. Net income (loss) is allocated to holders of OP Units based upon net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders and the weighted average number of OP Units outstanding to total common shares plus OP Units outstanding during the period. Capital contributions, distributions, and profits and losses are allocated to OP Units in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement of the OP. Each time the OP distributes cash to the Company, outside limited partners of the OP receive their pro-rata share of the distribution. Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP have a redemption feature and are marked to their redemption value if such value exceeds the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP.

On June 30, 2017, the Company and the OP entered into a contribution agreement with BH Equities, LLC and its affiliates (collectively, “BH Equity”), whereby the Company purchased 100% of the joint venture interests in the Portfolio owned by BH Equity, representing approximately 8.4% ownership in the Portfolio (the “BH Buyout”), for total consideration of approximately $51.7 million (the “Purchase Amount”). The Purchase Amount consisted of approximately $49.7 million in cash that was paid on June 30, 2017 and 73,233 OP Units (initially valued at $2.0 million) that were issued on August 1, 2017. The number of OP Units issued was calculated by dividing $2.0 million by the midpoint of the range of the Company’s net asset value as publicly disclosed in connection with the Company’s release of its second quarter of 2017 earnings results, which was $27.31 per share.

In connection with the issuance of OP Units to BH Equity on August 1, 2017, the Company and the OP amended the partnership agreement of the OP (the “Amendment”). Pursuant to the Amendment, limited partners holding OP Units have the right to cause the OP to redeem their units at a redemption price equal to and in the form of the Cash Amount (as defined in the partnership agreement of the OP), provided that such OP Units have been outstanding for at least one year. The Company, through the OP GP, as the general partner of the OP may, in its sole discretion, purchase the OP Units by paying to the limited partner either the Cash Amount or the REIT Share Amount (one share of common stock of the Company for each OP Unit), as defined in the partnership agreement of the OP. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a limited partner will not be entitled to exercise its redemption right to the extent the issuance of the Company’s common stock to the redeeming limited partner would (1) be prohibited, as determined in the Company’s sole discretion, under the Company’s charter or (2) cause the acquisition of common stock by such redeeming limited partner to be “integrated” with any other distribution of the Company’s common stock for purposes of complying with the Securities Act. Accordingly, the Company records the OP Units held by noncontrolling limited partners outside of permanent equity and reports the OP Units at the greater of their carrying value or their redemption value using the Company’s stock price at each balance sheet date.

The following table sets forth the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands):

Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP, December 31, 2018	$	2,567
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP		338
Other comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP		(60	)
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP		93
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP		(42	)
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP		528
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP, September 30, 2019	$	3,424

Fees and Reimbursements to BH and its Affiliates

The Company has entered into management agreements with BH Management Services, LLC (“BH”), the Company’s property manager and an independently owned third party, who manages the Company’s properties and supervises the implementation of the Company’s value-add program. BH is an affiliate of BH Equity, who was a noncontrolling interest member of the Company’s joint ventures prior to the BH Buyout on June 30, 2017. Through BH Equity’s noncontrolling interests in such joint ventures, BH Equity was deemed to be a related party. With the completion of the BH Buyout, BH Equity is no longer deemed to be a related party. BH Equity became a noncontrolling limited partner of the OP upon execution of the Amendment. BH and its affiliates do not have common ownership in any joint venture with the Adviser; there is also no common ownership between BH and its affiliates and the Adviser.

The property management fee paid to BH is approximately 3% of the monthly gross income from each property managed. Currently, BH manages all of the Company’s properties. Additionally, the Company may pay BH certain other fees, including: (1) a fee of $15-25 per unit for the one-time setup and inspection of properties, (2) a construction supervision fee of 5-6% of total project costs, which is capitalized, (3) acquisition fees and due diligence costs reimbursements, and (4) other owner approved fees at $55 per hour. BH also acts as a paymaster for the properties and is reimbursed at cost for various operating expenses it pays on behalf of the properties. The following is a summary of fees that the properties incurred to BH and its affiliates, as well as reimbursements paid to BH from the properties for various operating expenses, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

		For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2019		2018		2019		2018
Fees incurred
Property management fees	(1)	$	1,382	$	1,085	$	3,907	$	3,205
Construction supervision fees	(2)		344		265		908		835
Design fees	(2)		65		—		125		—
Acquisition fees	(3)		638		348		946		348

Reimbursements
Payroll and benefits	(4)		4,853		3,355		13,164		10,490
Other reimbursements	(5)		918		581		2,479		1,605

(1)	Included in property management fees on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

(2)	Capitalized on the consolidated balance sheets and reflected in buildings and improvements.

(3)	Includes due diligence costs. Acquisition fees are capitalized to real estate assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

(4)	Included in property operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

(5)	Includes property operating expenses such as repairs and maintenance costs and certain property general and administrative expenses, which are included on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

11. Related Party Transactions

Advisory and Administrative Fee

In accordance with the Advisory Agreement, the Company pays the Adviser an advisory fee equal to 1.00% of the Average Real Estate Assets (as defined below). The duties performed by the Company’s Adviser under the terms of the Advisory Agreement include, but are not limited to: providing daily management for the Company, selecting and working with third party service providers, managing the Company’s properties or overseeing the third party property manager, formulating an investment strategy for the Company and selecting suitable properties and investments, managing the Company’s outstanding debt and its interest rate exposure through derivative instruments, determining when to sell assets, and managing the value-add program or overseeing a third party vendor that implements the value-add program. “Average Real Estate Assets” means the average of the aggregate book value of Real Estate Assets before reserves for depreciation or other non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of the book value of real estate assets at the end of each month (1) for which any fee under the Advisory Agreement is calculated or (2) during the year for which any expense reimbursement under the Advisory Agreement is calculated. “Real Estate Assets” is defined broadly in the Advisory Agreement to include, among other things, investments in real estate-related securities and mortgages and reserves for capital expenditures (the value-add program). The advisory fee is payable monthly in arrears in cash, unless the Adviser elects, in its sole discretion, to receive all or a portion of the advisory fee in shares of common stock, subject to certain limitations.

In accordance with the Advisory Agreement, the Company also pays the Adviser an administrative fee equal to 0.20% of the Average Real Estate Assets. The administrative fee is payable monthly in arrears in cash, unless the Adviser elects, in its sole discretion, to receive all or a portion of the administrative fee in shares of common stock, subject to certain limitations.

The advisory and administrative fees paid to the Adviser on the Contributed Assets (as defined in the Advisory Agreement) are subject to an annual cap of approximately $5.4 million (the “Contributed Assets Cap”) (see “Expense Cap” below).

Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Company will reimburse the Adviser for all documented Operating Expenses and Offering Expenses it incurs on behalf of the Company. “Operating Expenses” include legal, accounting, financial and due diligence services performed by the Adviser that outside professionals or outside consultants would otherwise perform, the Company’s pro rata share of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses of the Adviser required for the Company’s operations, and compensation expenses under the 2016 LTIP. Operating Expenses do not include expenses for the advisory and administrative services described in the Advisory Agreement. Certain Operating Expenses, such as the Company’s ratable share of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses incurred by the Adviser or its affiliates that relate to the operations of the Company, may be billed monthly to the Company under a shared services agreement. “Offering Expenses” include all expenses (other than underwriters’ discounts) in connection with an offering, including, without limitation, legal, accounting, printing, mailing and filing fees and other documented offering expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Adviser did not bill any Operating Expenses or Offering Expenses to the Company and any such expenses the Adviser incurred during the periods are considered to be permanently waived.

Expense Cap

Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, expenses paid or incurred by the Company for advisory and administrative fees payable to the Adviser and Operating Expenses will not exceed 1.5% of Average Real Estate Assets per calendar year (or part thereof that the Advisory Agreement is in effect (the “Expense Cap”)). The Expense Cap does not limit the reimbursement of expenses related to Offering Expenses. The Expense Cap also does not apply to legal, accounting, financial, due diligence and other service fees incurred in connection with mergers and acquisitions, extraordinary litigation or other events outside the Company’s ordinary course of business or any out-of-pocket acquisitions or due diligence expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition or disposition of real estate assets. Also, advisory and administrative fees are further limited on Contributed Assets to approximately $5.4 million in any calendar year. Contributed Assets refers to all Real Estate Assets contributed to the Company as part of its spin-off. The Contributed Assets Cap is not reduced for dispositions of such assets subsequent to its spin-off. Advisory and administrative fees on New Assets are not subject to the above limitation and are based on an annual rate of 1.2% on Average Real Estate Assets, but are subject to the Expense Cap. New Assets are all Real Estate Assets that are not Contributed Assets.

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company incurred advisory and administrative fees of $1.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The amount paid for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 represents the maximum fee allowed on Contributed Assets under the Advisory Agreement plus approximately $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of advisory and administrative fees incurred on New Assets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company incurred advisory and administrative fees of $5.6 million and $5.6 million, respectively. The amount paid for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 represents the maximum fee allowed on Contributed Assets under the Advisory Agreement plus approximately $1.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of advisory and administrative fees incurred on New Assets.

For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Adviser elected to voluntarily waive the advisory and administrative fees incurred on the fourteen properties acquired subsequent to October 2016, which totaled approximately $2.3 million and $5.6 million, respectively, and are considered to be permanently waived. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Adviser elected to voluntarily waive the advisory and administrative fees incurred on properties acquired subsequent to October 2016, which totaled approximately $1.0 million and $2.8 million, respectively, and are considered to be permanently waived. The Adviser is not contractually obligated to waive fees on New Assets in the future and may cease waiving fees on New Assets at its discretion.

Other Related Party Transactions

The Company has in the past, and may in the future, utilize the services of affiliated parties. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid approximately $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, to NexBank Title, Inc. (“NexBank Title”). NexBank Title is an affiliate of the Adviser through common beneficial ownership. NexBank Title provides title insurance and work related to providing title insurance on properties related to acquisitions, dispositions and refinancing transactions. These amounts are either capitalized as real estate assets or deferred financing costs, expensed as loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs, or expensed as selling costs when determining gain (loss) on sales of real estate, depending on the appropriate accounting as determined for each specific transaction.

In the normal course of business, the Company may purchase properties from affiliates of the Adviser. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company purchased the Residences from an affiliate of the Adviser for approximately $100.0 million (see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements for additional details related to acquisitions during the period). The Company’s Audit Committee authorized, approved and ratified the acquisition of the Residences.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various rehabilitation construction related purchase commitments with parties that provide these goods and services. In the event the Company were to terminate rehabilitation construction services prior to the completion of projects, the Company could potentially be committed to satisfy outstanding or uncompleted purchase orders with such parties. As of September 30, 2019, management does not anticipate any material deviations from schedule or budget related to rehabilitation projects currently in process.

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to claims, lawsuits, and legal proceedings. While it is not possible to ascertain the ultimate outcome of all such matters, management believes that the aggregate amount of such liabilities, if any, in excess of amounts provided or covered by insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated balance sheets or consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income of the Company. The Company is not involved in any material litigation nor, to management’s knowledge, is any material litigation currently threatened against the Company or its properties or subsidiaries.

The Company is not aware of any environmental liability with respect to the properties that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, assets, or results of operations. However, there can be no assurance that such a material environmental liability does not exist. The existence of any such material environmental liability could have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and cash flows.

Self-Insurance Program

Effective March 1, 2019, the Company maintains a partial self-insurance program for property casualty claims whereby it incurs the “first-loss” portion of a claim up to an aggregate loss amount. Claims resulting in losses in excess of a $100,000 per occurrence property deductible will be paid by the Company up to an aggregate amount of $1.2 million (the “Aggregate Amount”). For the period from March 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019, the Company has not incurred a claim it has funded as part of the Aggregate Amount. Under ASC 450-20 “Loss Contingencies”, the Company does not reserve for the Aggregate Amount or any portion thereof until a claim is made and the amount of the claim and the timing of payment on the claim can be reasonably estimated. For the period from March 1, 2019 to September 30, 2019, there were no potential claims that met the criteria as set forth under ASC 450-20. The Company believes it has sufficient resources through cash reserves and unused capacity on the Corporate Credit Facility to fund any potential future claims toward the Aggregate Amount.

13. Subsequent Events

Dividends Declared

On October 28, 2019, the Company’s Board declared a quarterly dividend of $0.3125 per share, payable on December 31, 2019 to stockholders of record on December 17, 2019.

Casualty Damage

On October 21, 2019, a tornado in Dallas, TX damaged Cutter’s Point. The Company estimates that the damage is in excess of the $100,000 per occurrence property deductible and will require the Company to fund the remainder of the Aggregate Amount. The Company’s property loss insurance program is comprehensive and other than the deductible and Aggregate Amount, no direct rehab costs to the Company are expected. Lost rental income is also insured and as such, the Company expects any losses resulting from the damage to be immaterial.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and our historical results of operations. The following should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and accompanying notes. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those projected, forecasted, or expected in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this quarterly report. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this report, and “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our annual report on Form 10-K (our “Annual Report”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 19, 2019.

Overview

As of September 30, 2019, our Portfolio consisted of 37 multifamily properties primarily located in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States encompassing 13,757 units of apartment space that was approximately 93.6% leased with a weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $1,095. Substantially all of our business is conducted through the OP. We own the Portfolio through the OP and our TRS. The OP owns approximately 99.9% of the Portfolio; our TRS owns approximately 0.1% of the Portfolio. The OP GP is the sole general partner of the OP. As of September 30, 2019, there were 23,819,402 OP Units outstanding, of which 23,746,169, or 99.7%, were owned by us and 73,233, or 0.3%, were owned by an unaffiliated limited partner (see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements).

We are primarily focused on directly or indirectly acquiring, owning, and operating well-located multifamily properties with a value-add component in large cities and suburban submarkets of large cities, primarily in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States. We generate revenue primarily by leasing our multifamily properties. We intend to employ targeted management and a value-add program at a majority of our properties in an attempt to improve rental rates and the net operating income (“NOI”) at our properties and achieve long-term capital appreciation for our stockholders. We are externally managed by the Adviser through the Advisory Agreement, by and among the OP, the Adviser and us. The Advisory Agreement was renewed on February 13, 2019 for a one-year term set to expire on March 16, 2020. The Adviser is wholly owned by NexPoint Advisors, L.P.

On February 20, 2019, the Company, the OP and the Adviser entered into separate equity distribution agreements (“Equity Distribution Agreements”) with each of Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”), Raymond James & Associates, Inc. (“Raymond James”) and SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc. (“SunTrust” and together with Jefferies and Raymond James, the “Sales Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate sales price of up to $100,000,000. Sales of shares of common stock, if any, may be made in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including, without limitation, sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, to or through a market maker at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices based on prevailing market prices (the “ATM Program”). In addition to the issuance and sale of shares of common stock, the Company may enter into forward sale agreements with each of Jefferies and Raymond James, or their respective affiliates, through the ATM Program. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company issued 867,322 shares of common stock at an average price of $46.69 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $39.9 million. The Company paid approximately $0.6 million in fees to the Sales Agents with respect to such sales and incurred other issuance costs of approximately $0.3 million, both of which were netted against the gross proceeds and recorded in additional paid in capital. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company issued 1,119,487 shares of common stock at an average price of $45.24 per share for net proceeds of approximately $49.9 million. The Company paid approximately $0.8 million in fees to the Sales Agents with respect to such sales and incurred other issuance costs of approximately $0.9 million, both of which were netted against the gross proceeds and recorded in additional paid in capital. The ATM Program may be terminated by the Company at any time and expires automatically once aggregate sales under the ATM Program reach $100,000,000 (see Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements).

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, and expect to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income and (3) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. We believe we qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. We had no significant taxes associated with our TRS for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

Components of Our Revenues and Expenses

Revenues

Rental income. Our earnings are primarily attributable to the rental revenue from our multifamily properties. We anticipate that the leases we enter into for our multifamily properties will typically be for one year or less on average.

Other income. Other income includes ancillary income earned from tenants such as application fees, late fees, laundry fees, utility reimbursements, and other rental related fees charged to tenants.

Expenses

Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses include property maintenance costs, salary and employee benefit costs, utilities, casualty-related expenses and recoveries and other property operating costs.

Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes include the property taxes assessed by local and state authorities depending on the location of each property. Insurance includes the cost of commercial, general liability, and other needed insurance for each property.

Property management fees. Property management fees include fees paid to BH, our property manager, or other third party management companies for managing each property (see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements).

Advisory and administrative fees. Advisory and administrative fees include the fees paid to our Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement (see Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements).

Corporate general and administrative expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses include, but are not limited to, audit fees, legal fees, listing fees, board of director fees, equity-based compensation expense, investor relations costs and payments of reimbursements to our Adviser for operating expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses and the advisory and administrative fees paid to our Adviser (including advisory and administrative fees on properties defined in the Advisory Agreement as New Assets) will not exceed 1.5% of Average Real Estate Assets per calendar year (or part thereof that the Advisory Agreement is in effect), calculated in accordance with the Advisory Agreement, or the Expense Cap. The Expense Cap does not limit the reimbursement by us of expenses related to securities offerings paid by our Adviser. The Expense Cap also does not apply to legal, accounting, financial, due diligence, and other service fees incurred in connection with mergers and acquisitions, extraordinary litigation, or other events outside our ordinary course of business or any out-of-pocket acquisition or due diligence expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition or disposition of real estate assets. Additionally, in the sole discretion of the Adviser, the Adviser may elect to waive certain advisory and administrative fees otherwise due. If advisory and administrative fees are waived in a period, the waived fees for that period are considered to be waived permanently and the Adviser may not be reimbursed in the future.

Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses include the costs of marketing, professional fees, general office supplies, and other administrative related costs of each property.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization costs primarily include depreciation of our multifamily properties and amortization of acquired in-place leases.

Other Income and Expense

Interest expense. Interest expense primarily includes the cost of interest expense on debt, the amortization of deferred financing costs, the related impact of interest rate derivatives used to manage our interest rate risk and fair market value adjustments on debt.

Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs. Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs includes prepayment penalties and defeasance costs, the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and fair market value adjustments of assumed debt related to the early repayment of debt, costs incurred in a debt modification that are not capitalized as deferred financing costs and other costs incurred in a debt extinguishment.

Gain on sales of real estate. Gain on sales of real estate includes the gain recognized upon sales of properties. Gain on sales of real estate is calculated by deducting the carrying value of the real estate and costs incurred to sell the properties from the sales prices of the properties.

Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

The three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018

The following table sets forth a summary of our operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change
Total revenues	$	46,833		$	36,495		$	10,338
Total expenses		(42,600	)		(31,689	)		(10,911	)
Operating income		4,233			4,806			(573	)
Interest expense		(9,960	)		(7,119	)		(2,841	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs		(2,869	)		(2,947	)		78
Gain on sales of real estate		127,700			—			127,700
Net income (loss)		119,104			(5,260	)		124,364
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership		357			(15	)		372
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	118,747		$	(5,245	)	$	123,992

The change in our net income for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to our net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily relates to an increase in gain on sales of real estate and an increase in total revenues partially offset by an increase in interest expense and total expenses.

Revenues

Rental income. Rental income was $40.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $31.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $9.1 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to our acquisition and disposition activity in 2019 and 2018 and the timing of the transactions (we purchased three properties in the first quarter of 2019, one property in the second quarter of 2019, and four properties in the third quarter of 2019; there were no acquisitions in the first quarter or second quarter of 2018, three acquisitions in the third quarter of 2018 and one disposition in the first quarter of 2018), and an 11.8% increase in the weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit in our Portfolio to $1,095 as of September 30, 2019 from $979 as of September 30, 2018. The increase in effective rent was primarily driven by the value-add program that we have implemented and organic growth in rents in the markets where our properties are located, partially offset by a decrease in the occupancy rate of 0.2% to 93.6% in September 30, 2019 from 93.8% in September 30, 2018.

Other income. Other income was $6.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $4.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $1.2 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to our acquisition and disposition activity in 2019 and 2018 and the timing of the transactions, as described above.

Expenses

Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses were $11.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $9.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $2.3 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to our acquisition and disposition activity in 2019 and 2018 and the timing of the transactions, as described above.

Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes and insurance costs were $6.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $1.7 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to our acquisition and disposition activity in 2019 and 2018 and the timing of the transactions, as described above. The increase between the periods was also due to a $1.6 million, or 36.4%, increase in property taxes. Property taxes incurred in the first year of ownership may be significantly less than subsequent years since the purchase price of the property may trigger a significant increase in assessed value by the taxing authority in subsequent years, increasing the costs of real estate taxes.

Property management fees. Property management fees were $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $0.3 million. The increase between periods was primarily due to an increase in total revenues, which the fee is primarily based on.

Advisory and administrative fees. Advisory and administrative fees remained flat at $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The amount incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 represents the maximum fee allowed on properties defined as Contributed Assets under the Advisory Agreement plus approximately $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of advisory and administrative fees incurred on certain properties defined as New Assets. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, our Adviser elected to voluntarily waive the advisory and administrative fees incurred on the fourteen properties acquired subsequent to October 2016, which totaled approximately $2.3 million and are considered to be permanently waived for the period. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, our Adviser elected to voluntarily waive the advisory and administrative fees incurred on properties acquired subsequent to October 2016, which totaled approximately $1.0 million and are considered to be permanently waived. Our Adviser is not contractually obligated to waive fees on New Assets in the future and may cease waiving fees on New Assets at its discretion. Advisory and administrative fees may increase in future periods as we acquire additional properties, which will be classified as New Assets.

Corporate general and administrative expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses were $2.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $0.4 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to approximately $1.3 million of equity-based compensation expense recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2019 related to the grants of restricted stock units to our directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of our Adviser pursuant to our long-term incentive plan (the “2016 LTIP”), compared to $1.1 million of equity-based compensation expense recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2018 (see Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements). Subject to the Expense Cap, corporate general and administrative expenses may increase in future periods as we acquire additional properties, incur additional public company costs once we lose our status as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act or the Board issues additional equity grants under the 2016 LTIP.

Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses were $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $0.2 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to our acquisition and disposition activity in 2019 and 2018 and the timing of the transactions, as described above.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization costs were $17.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $11.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $6.0 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to the amortization of intangible lease assets of $3.1 million related to eight properties for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $0.1 million related to one property for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $3.0 million. The amortization of intangible lease assets over a six-month period from the date of acquisition is expected to increase the amortization expense during the initial year of operations for each property. The increase between periods was also due to an increase in depreciation expense of approximately $3.0 million, primarily related to the acquisition of eight properties subsequent to September 30, 2018.

Other Income and Expense

Interest expense. Interest expense was $10.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $7.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $2.9 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to increase in interest on debt of approximately $3.2 million. The following table details the various costs included in interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change
Interest on debt	$	11,095		$	7,928		$	3,167
Amortization of deferred financing costs		541			341			200
Interest rate swaps		(1,678	)		(1,245	)		(433	)
Interest rate caps expense		2			95			(93	)
Total	$	9,960		$	7,119		$	2,841

Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs. Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs remained flat at $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018. The following table details the various costs included in loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change
Prepayment penalties and defeasance costs	$	1,449	$	1,534	$	(85	)
Write-off of deferred financing costs		1,420		928		492
Debt modification and other extinguishment costs		—		485		(485	)
Total	$	2,869	$	2,947	$	(78	)

Gain on sales of real estate. Gains on sales of real estate was $127.7 million due to the dispositions of six properties during the three months ended September 30, 2019. We did not recognize gain on sales of real estate for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as we did not sell any properties during the period.

The nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018

The following table sets forth a summary of our operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change
Total revenues	$	131,390		$	107,207		$	24,183
Total expenses		(116,839	)		(93,466	)		(23,373	)
Operating income before gain on sales of real estate		14,551			13,741			810
Gain on sales of real estate		127,700			13,742			113,958
Operating income		142,251			27,483			114,768
Interest expense		(26,638	)		(20,739	)		(5,899	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs		(2,869	)		(3,576	)		707
Net income		112,744			3,168			109,576
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership		338			10			328
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	112,406		$	3,158		$	109,248

The change in our net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily relates to an increase in gain on sales of real estate, in increase in total revenues, and was partially offset by an increase in operating expenses and interest expense. The change in our net income between the periods was also due to our acquisition and disposition activity in 2019 and 2018 and the timing of the transactions.

Revenues

Rental income. Rental income was $114.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $93.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $21.5 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to our acquisition and disposition activity in 2019 and 2018 and the timing of the transactions, as described above, and a 11.8% increase in the weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit in our Portfolio to $1,095 as of September 30, 2019 from $979 as of September 30, 2018. The increase in effective rent was primarily driven by the value-add program that we have implemented and organic growth in rents in the markets where our properties are located.

Other income. Other income was $16.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $13.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $2.7 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to our acquisition and disposition activity in 2018 and 2019 and the timing of the transactions, as described above.

Expenses

Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses were $31.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $26.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $5.0 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to our acquisition and disposition activity in 2019 and 2018 and the timing of the transactions, as described above. The increase between the periods was also due to a $2.0 million, or 22.4%, increase in repairs and maintenance costs.

Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes and insurance costs were $18.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $14.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $3.6 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to a $3.4 million, or 27.5%, increase in property taxes. Property taxes incurred in the first year of ownership may be significantly less than subsequent years since the purchase price of the property may trigger a significant increase in assessed value by the taxing authority in subsequent years, increasing the cost of real estate taxes.

Property management fees. Property management fees were $3.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $0.7 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to an increase in total revenues, which the fee is primarily based on.

Advisory and administrative fees. Advisory and administrative fees remained flat at $5.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $5.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The amount incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 represents the maximum fee allowed on properties defined as Contributed Assets under the Advisory Agreement plus approximately $1.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of advisory and administrative fees incurred on certain properties defined as New Assets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our Adviser elected to voluntarily waive the advisory and administrative fees incurred on the fourteen properties we acquired subsequent to October 2016, which totaled approximately $5.6 million and are considered to be permanently waived. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our Adviser elected to voluntarily waive the advisory and administrative fees incurred on the eight properties we acquired subsequent to October 2016, which totaled approximately $2.8 million and are considered to be permanently waived for the period. Our Adviser is not contractually obligated to waive fees on New Assets in the future and may cease waiving fees on New Assets at its discretion. Advisory and administrative fees may increase in future periods as we acquire additional properties, which will be classified as New Assets.

Corporate general and administrative expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses were $7.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $1.6 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to approximately $3.9 million of equity-based compensation expense recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 related to the grants of restricted stock units to our directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of our Adviser pursuant to our long-term incentive plan (the “2016 LTIP”), compared to $3.1 million of equity-based compensation expense recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 (see Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements). Subject to the Expense Cap, corporate general and administrative expenses may increase in future periods as we acquire additional properties, incur additional public company costs once we lose our status as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act or the Board issues additional equity grants under the 2016 LTIP.

Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses were $5.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $4.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $0.5 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to our acquisition and disposition activity in 2019 and 2018 and the timing of the transactions, as described above.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization costs were $45.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $33.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $12.1 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to the amortization of intangible lease assets of $6.7 million related to eleven properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $0.9 million related to two properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $5.7 million. The increase between the periods was also due to an increase of $6.3 million in depreciation expense, primarily due to our acquisition activity in 2019 and 2018 and the timing of the transactions, as described above. The amortization of intangible lease assets over a six-month period from the date of acquisition is expected to increase the amortization expense during the year of acquisition for each property.

Other Income and Expense

Interest expense. Interest expense was $26.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $20.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $5.9 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due an increase in interest on debt of $8.6 million related to our acquisition activity in 2019 and 2018. The following table details the various costs included in interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			$ Change
Interest on debt	$	30,605		$	22,048		$	8,557
Amortization of deferred financing costs		1,443			1,082			361
Interest rate swaps		(5,440	)		(2,631	)		(2,809	)
Interest rate caps expense		30			240			(210	)
Total	$	26,638		$	20,739		$	5,899

Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs. There was $2.9 million loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was a decrease of approximately $0.7 million. The decrease between the periods was primarily due to decreases in prepayment penalties and defeasance costs of approximately $0.3 million and a decrease in debt medication costs and other extinguishment costs of approximately $0.5 million. The following table details the various costs included in loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018			$ Change
Prepayment penalties and defeasance costs	$	1,449	$	1,706		$	(257	)
Write-off of deferred financing costs		1,420		1,412			8
Write-off of fair market value adjustment of assumed debt		—		(27	)		27
Debt modification and other extinguishment costs		—		485			(485	)
Total	$	2,869	$	3,576		$	(707	)

Gain on sales of real estate. Gain on sale of real estate was $127.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $13.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $114.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we sold six properties; during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we sold one property.

Non-GAAP Measurements

Net Operating Income and Same Store Net Operating Income

NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure of performance. NOI is used by investors and our management to evaluate and compare the performance of our properties to other comparable properties, to determine trends in earnings and to compute the fair value of our properties as NOI is not affected by (1) the cost of funds, (2) acquisition costs, (3) advisory and administrative fees, (4) the impact of depreciation and amortization expenses as well as gains or losses from the sale of operating real estate assets that are included in net income computed in accordance with GAAP, (5) corporate general and administrative expenses, (6) other gains and losses that are specific to us, (7) casualty-related expenses/(recoveries) and (8) property general and administrative expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional and franchise tax fees.

The cost of funds is eliminated from net income (loss) because it is specific to our particular financing capabilities and constraints. The cost of funds is also eliminated because it is dependent on historical interest rates and other costs of capital as well as past decisions made by us regarding the appropriate mix of capital, which may have changed or may change in the future. Acquisition costs and non-operating fees to affiliates are eliminated because they do not reflect continuing operating costs of the property owner. Depreciation and amortization expenses as well as gains or losses from the sale of operating real estate assets are eliminated because they may not accurately represent the actual change in value in our multifamily properties that result from use of the properties or changes in market conditions. While certain aspects of real property do decline in value over time in a manner that is reasonably captured by depreciation and amortization, the value of the properties as a whole have historically increased or decreased as a result of changes in overall economic conditions instead of from actual use of the property or the passage of time. Gains and losses from the sale of real property vary from property to property and are affected by market conditions at the time of sale, which will usually change from period to period. Casualty-related expenses and recoveries are excluded because they do not reflect continuing operating costs of the property owner. Entity level general and administrative expenses incurred at the properties are eliminated as they are specific to the way in which we have chosen to hold our properties and are the result of our ownership structuring. Also, expenses that are incurred upon acquisition of a property do not reflect continuing operating costs of the property owner. These gains and losses can create distortions when comparing one period to another or when comparing our operating results to the operating results of other real estate companies that have not made similarly timed purchases or sales. We believe that eliminating these items from net income is useful because the resulting measure captures the actual ongoing revenue generated and actual expenses incurred in operating our properties as well as trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs.

However, the usefulness of NOI is limited because it excludes corporate general and administrative expenses, interest expense, loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs, acquisition costs, certain fees to affiliates such as advisory and administrative fees, depreciation and amortization expense and gains or losses from the sale of properties, and other gains and losses as determined under GAAP, the level of capital expenditures and leasing costs necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties, all of which are significant economic costs. NOI may fail to capture significant trends in these components of net income, which further limits its usefulness.

NOI is a measure of the operating performance of our properties but does not measure our performance as a whole. NOI is therefore not a substitute for net income (loss) as computed in accordance with GAAP. This measure should be analyzed in conjunction with net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP and discussions elsewhere in “—Results of Operations” regarding the components of net income (loss) that are eliminated in the calculation of NOI. Other companies may use different methods for calculating NOI or similarly entitled measures and, accordingly, our NOI may not be comparable to similarly entitled measures reported by other companies that do not define the measure exactly as we do.

We define “Same Store NOI” as NOI for our properties that are comparable between periods. We view Same Store NOI as an important measure of the operating performance of our properties because it allows us to compare operating results of properties owned for the entirety of the current and comparable periods and therefore eliminates variations caused by acquisitions or dispositions during the periods.

Net Operating Income for Our Q3 Same Store and Non-Same Store Properties for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

There are 26 properties encompassing 9,253 units of apartment space in our same store pool for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (our “Q3 Same Store” properties). Our Q3 Same Store properties exclude the following eleven properties in our Portfolio as of September 30, 2019: Cedar Pointe, Crestmont Reserve, Brandywine I & II, Bella Vista, The Enclave, The Heritage, Summers Landing, Residences at Glenview Reserve, Residences at West Place, Avant at Pembroke Pines and Arbors of Brentwood.

The following table reflects the revenues, property operating expenses and NOI for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 for our Q3 Same Store and Non-Same Store properties (dollars in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change			% Change
Revenues
Same Store
Rental income	$	26,707	$	25,878	$	829			3.2	%
Other income		4,014		3,754		260			6.9	%
Same Store revenues		30,721		29,632		1,089			3.7	%
Non-Same Store
Rental income		14,121		5,846		8,275			141.5	%
Other income		1,991		1,017		974			95.8	%
Non-Same Store revenues		16,112		6,863		9,249			134.8	%
Total revenues		46,833		36,495		10,338			28.3	%

Operating expenses
Same Store
Property operating expenses (1)		7,675		7,324		351			4.8	%
Real estate taxes and insurance		4,417		4,335		82			1.9	%
Property management fees (2)		914		876		38			4.3	%
Property general and administrative expenses (3)		817		912		(95	)		-10.4	%
Same Store operating expenses		13,823		13,447		376			2.8	%
Non-Same Store
Property operating expenses (4)		3,747		1,943		1,804			92.8	%
Real estate taxes and insurance		2,314		713		1,601			224.5	%
Property management fees (2)		494		209		285			136.4	%
Property general and administrative expenses (5)		355		224		131			58.5	%
Non-Same Store operating expenses		6,910		3,089		3,821			123.7	%
Total operating expenses		20,733		16,536		4,197			25.4	%

NOI
Same Store		16,898		16,185		713			4.4	%
Non-Same Store		9,202		3,774		5,428			143.8	%
Total NOI	$	26,100	$	19,959	$	6,141			30.8	%

(1)	For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, excludes approximately $39,000 and $(97,000), respectively, of casualty-related expenses/(recoveries).

(2)	Fees incurred to an unaffiliated third party that is an affiliate of the noncontrolling limited partner of the OP.

(3)

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, excludes approximately $195,000 and $69,000, respectively, of expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional and franchise tax fees.

(4)	For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, excludes approximately $(5,000) and $61,000, respectively, of casualty-related expenses/(recoveries).

(5)

For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, excludes approximately $180,000 and $75,000, respectively, of expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional and franchise tax fees.

See reconciliation of net income (loss) to NOI below under “NOI and Same Store NOI for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.”

Q3 Same Store Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

As of September 30, 2019, our Q3 Same Store properties were approximately 93.3% leased with a weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $1,034. As of September 30, 2018, our Q3 Same Store properties were approximately 94.1% leased with a weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $997. For our Q3 Same Store properties, we recorded the following operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018:

Revenues

Rental income. Rental income was $26.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $25.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $0.8 million, or 3.2%. The majority of the increase is related to a 3.7% increase in the weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit to $1,034 as of September 30, 2019 from $997 as of September 30, 2018, partially offset by a 0.8% decrease in occupancy.

Other income. Other income was $4.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 3.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately 0.2 million or 6.9%. The majority of the increase is related to a $0.2 million, or 104%, increase in smart alarm service.

Expenses

Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses were $7.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $7.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase by $0.4 million or 4.8%. The majority of the increase is related to a $0.3 million, or 10.8%, increase in repair and maintenance costs, partially offset by a $0.1 million, or 3.7%, decrease in utility costs.

Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes and insurance costs were $4.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately 0.1 or 1.9%. The majority of this is related to a $0.2 million, or 4.9% increase in property taxes, partially offset by a $0.1 million or 16.7% decrease in insurance costs.

Property management fees. Property management fees remained flat at $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018.

Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses were at $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was a decrease of $0.1 million or 11.1%.

Net Operating Income for Our YTD Same Store and Non-Same Store Properties for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

There are 26 properties encompassing 9,253 units of apartment space in our same store pool for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (our “YTD Same Store” properties). Our YTD Same Store properties exclude the following eleven properties in our Portfolio as of September 30, 2019: Cedar Pointe, Crestmont Reserve, Brandywine I & II, Bella Vista, The Enclave, The Heritage, Summers Landing, Residences at Glenview Reserve, Residences at West Place, Avant at Pembroke Pines and Arbors of Brentwood.

The following table reflects the revenues, property operating expenses and NOI for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 for our YTD Same Store and Non-Same Store properties (dollars in thousands):

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019		2018		$ Change			% Change
Revenues
Same Store
Rental income	$	79,283	$	76,173	$	3,110			4.1	%
Other income		11,388		10,962		426			3.9	%
Same Store revenues		90,671		87,135		3,536			4.1	%
Non-Same Store
Rental income		35,578		17,193		18,385			106.9	%
Other income		5,141		2,879		2,262			78.6	%
Non-Same Store revenues		40,719		20,072		20,647			102.9	%
Total revenues		131,390		107,207		24,183			22.6	%

Operating expenses
Same Store
Property operating expenses (1)		21,733		21,461		272			1.3	%
Real estate taxes and insurance		13,135		12,308		827			6.7	%
Property management fees (2)		2,709		2,594		115			4.4	%
Property general and administrative expenses (3)		2,724		2,836		(112	)		-3.9	%
Same Store operating expenses		40,301		39,199		1,102			2.8	%
Non-Same Store
Property operating expenses (4)		9,497		5,580		3,917			70.2	%
Real estate taxes and insurance		4,918		2,184		2,734			125.2	%
Property management fees (2)		1,230		611		619			101.3	%
Property general and administrative expenses (5)		1,180		709		471			66.4	%
Non-Same Store operating expenses		16,825		9,084		7,741			85.2	%
Total operating expenses		57,126		48,283		8,843			18.3	%

NOI
Same Store		50,370		47,936		2,434			5.1	%
Non-Same Store		23,894		10,988		12,906			117.5	%
Total NOI	$	74,264	$	58,924	$	15,340			26.0	%

(1)	For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, excludes approximately $1,000 and $765,000, respectively, of casualty-related recoveries.

(2)	Fees incurred to an unaffiliated third party that is an affiliate of the noncontrolling limited partner of the OP.

(3)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, excludes approximately $587,000 and $691,000, respectively, of expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional and franchise tax fees.

(4)	For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, excludes approximately $27,000 and $63,000, respectively, of casualty-related expenses/(recoveries).

(5)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, excludes approximately $482,000 and $239,000, respectively, of expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional and franchise tax fees.

See reconciliation of net income (loss) to NOI below under “NOI and Same Store NOI for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.”

YTD Same Store Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

As of September 30, 2019, our YTD Same Store properties were approximately 93.3% leased with a weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $1,034. As of September 30, 2018, our YTD Same Store properties were approximately 94.1% leased with a weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $997. For our YTD Same Store properties, we recorded the following operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

Revenues

Rental income. Rental income was $79.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $76.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $3.1 million, or 4.1%. The majority of the increase is related to a 3.7% increase in the weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit to $1,034 as of September 30, 2019 from $997 as of September 30, 2018, partially offset by a 0.8% decrease in occupancy.

Other income. Other income was $11.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $11.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $0.4 million, or 3.9%. The majority of the increase is related to a $0.3 million, or 86%, increase in smart alarm services.

Expenses

Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses were $21.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $21.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $0.2 million, or 1.3%. The majority of the increase is related to a $0.5 million, or 7.6%, increase in repair and maintenance costs and an increase in payroll of $0.4 million, or 4.1%, partially offset by a $0.6 million, or 11.3%, decrease in utility costs.

Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes and insurance costs were $13.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $12.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $0.8 million, or 6.7%. The majority of the increase is related to a $1.0 million, or 9.8%, increase in property taxes due to higher assessments of value by taxing authorities, partially offset by a $0.2 million, or 11.6% decrease in insurance costs.

Property management fees. Property management fees were $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $2.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $0.1 million, or 4.4%. The majority of the increase is related to a $3.1 million, or 4.1%, increase in rental income and a $0.4 million, or 3.9%, increase in other income, which the fee is primarily based on.

Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses remained flat at $2.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

NOI and Same Store NOI for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

The following table, which has not been adjusted for the effects of noncontrolling interests, reconciles our NOI and our Same Store NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 to net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure (in thousands):

		For the Nine Months Ended September 30,						For the Three Months Ended September 30,
		2019			2018			2019			2018
Net income (loss)		$	112,744		$	3,168		$	119,104		$	(5,260	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to NOI:
Advisory and administrative fees			5,613			5,586			1,891			1,885
Corporate general and administrative expenses			7,313			5,731			2,339			1,932
Casualty-related expenses/(recoveries)	(1)		26			(702	)		34			(36	)
Property general and administrative expenses	(2)		1,069			930			375			144
Depreciation and amortization			45,692			33,638			17,228			11,228
Interest expense			26,638			20,739			9,960			7,119
Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs			2,869			3,576			2,869			2,947
Gain on sales of real estate			(127,700	)		(13,742	)		(127,700	)		—
NOI		$	74,264		$	58,924		$	26,100		$	19,959
Less Non-Same Store
Revenues			(40,719	)		(20,072	)		(16,112	)		(6,863	)
Operating expenses			16,825			9,084			6,910			3,089
Same Store NOI		$	50,370		$	47,936		$	16,898		$	16,185

(1)	Adjustment to net income (loss) to exclude certain property operating expenses that are casualty-related recoveries.

(2)	Adjustment to net income (loss) to exclude certain property general and administrative expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional and franchise tax fees.

FFO, Core FFO and AFFO

We believe that net income, as defined by GAAP, is the most appropriate earnings measure. We also believe that funds from operations (“FFO”), as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), core funds from operations (“Core FFO”) and adjusted funds from operations (“AFFO”) are important non-GAAP supplemental measures of operating performance for a REIT.

Since the historical cost accounting convention used for real estate assets requires depreciation except on land, such accounting presentation implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. However, since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market and other conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT that use historical cost accounting for depreciation could be less informative. Thus, NAREIT created FFO as a supplemental measure of operating performance for REITs that excludes historical cost depreciation and amortization, among other items, from net income, as defined by GAAP. FFO is defined by NAREIT as net income computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from real estate dispositions, plus real estate depreciation and amortization and impairment charges. We compute FFO attributable to common stockholders in accordance with NAREIT’s definition. Our presentation differs slightly in that we begin with net income (loss) before adjusting for amounts attributable to (1) noncontrolling interests in consolidated joint ventures and (2) redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP and we show the combined amounts attributable to such noncontrolling interests as an adjustment to arrive at FFO attributable to common stockholders.

Core FFO makes certain adjustments to FFO, which are either not likely to occur on a regular basis or are otherwise not representative of the ongoing operating performance of our portfolio. Core FFO adjusts FFO to remove items such as acquisition expenses, losses on extinguishment of debt and modification costs (including prepayment penalties and defeasance costs incurred on the early repayment of debt, the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and fair market value adjustments of assumed debt related to the early repayment of debt, costs incurred in a debt modification that are not capitalized as deferred financing costs and other costs incurred in a debt extinguishment), casualty-related expenses and recoveries, the amortization of deferred financing costs incurred in connection with obtaining short-term debt financing, the ineffective portion of fair value adjustments on interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges (see Notes 2 and 7 to our consolidated financial statements), and the noncontrolling interests (as described above) related to these items. We believe Core FFO is useful to investors as a supplemental gauge of our operating performance and is useful in comparing our operating performance with other REITs that are not as involved in the aforementioned activities.

AFFO makes certain adjustments to Core FFO in order to arrive at a more refined measure of the operating performance of our Portfolio. There is no industry standard definition of AFFO and practice is divergent across the industry. AFFO adjusts Core FFO to remove items such as equity-based compensation expense and the amortization of deferred financing costs incurred in connection with obtaining long-term debt financing, and the noncontrolling interests (as described above) related to these items. We believe AFFO is useful to investors as a supplemental gauge of our operating performance and is useful in comparing our operating performance with other REITs that are not as involved in the aforementioned activities.

The effect of the conversion of OP Units held by noncontrolling limited partners is not reflected in the computation of basic and diluted FFO, Core FFO and AFFO per share, as they are exchangeable for common stock on a one-for-one basis. The FFO, Core FFO and AFFO allocable to such units is allocated on this same basis and reflected in the adjustments for noncontrolling interests in the table below. As such, the assumed conversion of these units would have no net impact on the determination of diluted FFO, Core FFO and AFFO per share. See Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.

We believe that the use of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO, combined with the required GAAP presentations, improves the understanding of operating results of REITs among investors and makes comparisons of operating results among such companies more meaningful. While FFO, Core FFO and AFFO are relevant and widely used measures of operating performance of REITs, they do not represent cash flows from operations or net income (loss) as defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute to those measures in evaluating our liquidity or operating performance. FFO, Core FFO and AFFO do not purport to be indicative of cash available to fund our future cash requirements. Further, our computation of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO may not be comparable to FFO, Core FFO and AFFO reported by other REITs that do not define FFO in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition or define Core FFO or AFFO differently than we do.

The following table reconciles our calculations of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO to net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

		For the Three Months Ended September 30,							For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2019			2018				2019			2018			% Change (1)
Net income (loss)		$	119,104		$	(5,260	)		$	112,744		$	3,168			3458.8	%
Depreciation and amortization			17,228			11,228				45,692			33,638			35.8	%
Gain on sales of real estate			(127,700	)		—				(127,700	)		(13,742	)		829.3	%
Adjustment for noncontrolling interests			(26	)		(19	)			(92	)		(70	)		31.4	%
FFO attributable to common stockholders			8,606			5,949				30,644			22,994			33.3	%

FFO per share - basic		$	0.36		$	0.29			$	1.29		$	1.10			16.8	%
FFO per share - diluted		$	0.35		$	0.28			$	1.26		$	1.08			17.1	%

Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs			2,869			2,947				2,869			3,576			-19.8	%
Casualty-related expenses/(recoveries)			34			(36	)			26			(702	)		-103.7	%
Amortization of deferred financing costs - acquisition term notes			—			—				—			21			-100.0	%
Adjustment for noncontrolling interests			(9	)		(9	)			(9	)		(9	)		0.0	%
Core FFO attributable to common stockholders			11,500			8,851				33,530			25,880			29.6	%

Core FFO per share - basic		$	0.48		$	0.43			$	1.41		$	1.24			13.5	%
Core FFO per share - diluted		$	0.47		$	0.42			$	1.38		$	1.21			13.8	%

Amortization of deferred financing costs - long term debt			541			341				1,443			1,061			36.0	%
Equity-based compensation expense			1,291			1,094				3,944			3,103			27.1	%
Adjustment for noncontrolling interests			(6	)		(4	)			(16	)		(12	)		33.3	%
AFFO attributable to common stockholders			13,326			10,282				38,901			30,032			29.5	%

AFFO per share - basic		$	0.55		$	0.49			$	1.63		$	1.44			13.5	%
AFFO per share - diluted		$	0.54		$	0.48			$	1.60		$	1.41			13.8	%

Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic			24,088			20,775				23,793			20,847			14.1	%
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted			24,557			21,262				24,280			21,328			13.8	%

Dividends declared per common share		$	0.275		$	0.250			$	0.825		$	0.750			10.0	%

FFO Coverage - diluted	(2)	1.27x			1.12x			(2)	1.53x			1.44x				6.42	%
Core FFO Coverage - diluted	(2)	1.70x			1.67x			(2)	1.67x			1.62x				3.46	%
AFFO Coverage - diluted	(2)	1.97x			1.93x			(2)	1.94x			1.88x				3.44	%

(1)	Represents the percentage change for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

(2)	Indicates coverage ratio of FFO/Core FFO/AFFO per common share (diluted) over dividends declared per common share during the period.

The three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018

FFO was $8.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $5.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $2.7 million. The change in our FFO between the periods primarily relates to an increase in total revenues of $10.3 million. This was partially offset by an increase in property operating expenses of $4.5 million, an increase in advisory and administrative fees of $0.3 million, an increase in interest expense of $2.8 million, an increase in corporate general and administrative expenses of $0.4 million and adjustments for amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests.

Core FFO was $11.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $8.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $2.6 million. The change in our Core FFO between the periods primarily relates to an increase in FFO and an increase in casualty-related losses of $0.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs of $0.1 million and adjustments for amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests.

AFFO was $13.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $10.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $3.0 million. The change in our AFFO between the periods primarily relates to increases in Core FFO and an increase in equity-based compensation expense of $0.2 million.

The nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018

FFO was $30.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $23.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $7.6 million. The change in our FFO between the periods primarily relates to an increase in total revenues of $24.2 million, partially offset by increases in total property operating expenses of $9.7 million, advisory and administrative fees of $0.7 million, interest expense of $5.9 million, corporate general and administrative expenses of $1.6 million, and adjustments for amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests.

Core FFO was $33.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $25.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $7.6 million. The change in our Core FFO between the periods primarily relates to an increase in FFO and an increase in casualty-related losses of $0.7 million, partially offset by a decrease in loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs of $0.7 million, and adjustments for amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests.

AFFO was $38.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to $30.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, which was an increase of approximately $8.9 million. The change in our AFFO between the periods primarily relates to increases in Core FFO and equity-based compensation expense of $0.8 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for debt maturities, operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our multifamily properties, including:

•

capital expenditures to continue our value-add program and to improve the quality and performance of our multifamily properties;

•

interest expense and scheduled principal payments on outstanding indebtedness (see “—Obligations and Commitments” below);

•

recurring maintenance necessary to maintain our multifamily properties;

•

distributions necessary to qualify for taxation as a REIT;

•

acquisition of additional properties;

•

advisory and administrative fees payable to our Adviser;

•

general and administrative expenses;

•

reimbursements to our Adviser; and

•

property management fees payable to BH.

We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations and existing cash balances and unused capacity on the Corporate Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2019, we had approximately $16.5 million of renovation value-add reserves for our planned capital expenditures to implement our value-add program. Renovation value-add reserves are not required to be held in escrow by a third party. We may reallocate these funds, at our discretion, to pursue other investment opportunities or meet our short-term liquidity requirements. Additionally, we had $43.0 million of unused capacity on the Corporate Credit Facility as of September 30, 2019.

Our long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for the costs of acquiring additional multifamily properties, renovations and other capital expenditures to improve our multifamily properties and scheduled debt payments and distributions. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements through various sources of capital, which may include a revolving credit facility and future debt or equity issuances, existing working capital, net cash provided by operations, long-term mortgage indebtedness and other secured and unsecured borrowings, and property dispositions. However, there are a number of factors that may have a material adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including the state of overall equity and credit markets, our degree of leverage, our unencumbered asset base and borrowing restrictions imposed by lenders (including as a result of any failure to comply with financial covenants in our existing and future indebtedness), general market conditions for REITs, our operating performance and liquidity, market perceptions about us and restrictions on sales of properties under the Code. The success of our business strategy will depend, in part, on our ability to access these various capital sources.

In addition to our value-add program, our multifamily properties will require periodic capital expenditures and renovation to remain competitive. Also, acquisitions, redevelopments, or expansions of our multifamily properties will require significant capital outlays. Long-term, we may not be able to fund such capital improvements solely from net cash provided by operations because we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deductions for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, and we are subject to tax on any retained income and gains. As a result, our ability to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions, or redevelopment through retained earnings long-term is limited. Consequently, we expect to rely heavily upon the availability of debt or equity capital for these purposes. If we are unable to obtain the necessary capital on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

On February 20, 2019, the Company, the OP and the Adviser entered into separate Equity Distribution Agreements with each of Jefferies, Raymond James and SunTrust, pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate sales price of up to $100,000,000. In addition to the issuance and sale of shares of common stock, the Company may enter into forward sale agreements with each of Jefferies and Raymond James, or their respective affiliates, through the ATM Program. During the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company issued 867,322 shares of common stock at an average price of $46.69 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $39.9 million. The Company paid approximately $0.6 million in fees to the Sales Agents with respect to such sales and incurred other issuance costs of approximately $0.3 million, both of which were netted against the gross proceeds and recorded in additional paid in capital. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company issued 1,119,487 shares of common stock at an average price of $45.24 per share for net proceeds of approximately $49.9 million. The Company paid approximately $0.8 million in fees to the Sales Agents with respect to such sales and incurred other issuance costs of approximately $0.9 million, both of which were netted against the gross proceeds and recorded in additional paid in capital. The ATM Program may be terminated by the Company at any time and expires automatically once aggregate sales under the ATM Program reach $100,000,000.

We believe that our available cash, expected operating cash flows, and potential debt or equity financings will provide sufficient funds for our operations, anticipated scheduled debt service payments and dividend requirements for the twelve-month period following September 30, 2019.

Cash Flows

The following table presents selected data from our consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	38,943		$	30,452
Net cash used in investing activities		(297,025	)		(123,984	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		276,434			95,861
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		18,352			2,329
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		43,129			43,248
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	61,481		$	45,577

Cash flows from operating activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash provided by operating activities was $38.9 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $30.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The change in cash flows from operating activities was mainly due to an increase in total revenues, gain on sales of real estate, net cash received on derivative settlements and changes in operating assets and liabilities. These were partially offset by an increase in property operating expenses.

Cash flows from investing activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash used in investing activities was $297.0 million compared to net cash used in investing activities of $124.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The change in cash flows from investing activities was mainly due to the acquisition of eight properties for a combined purchase price of approximately $636.0 million during the period in 2019 compared to three acquisitions for a combined purchase price of approximately $131.0 million during the period in 2018. The change in cash flows from investing activities was partially offset by an increase in net proceeds from sales of real estate. We sold six properties for net proceeds of approximately $286.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and we sold one property for net proceeds of approximately $29.6 million during the period in 2018.

Cash flows from financing activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash provided by financing activities was $276.4 million compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $95.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The change in cash flows from financing activities was mainly due to a net increase in debt of approximately $126.8 million, a decrease in common stock repurchases of approximately $9.7 million, and an increase in proceeds from the issuance of common stock through the ATM Program of approximately $49.0 million (net of Sales Agents fees and other legal fees) between the periods. These were partially offset by an increase in common stock dividends paid of approximately $4.4 million.

Debt, Derivatives and Hedging Activity

Mortgage Debt

As of September 30, 2019, our subsidiaries had aggregate mortgage debt outstanding to third parties of approximately $1,060.9 million at a weighted average interest rate of 3.56% and an adjusted weighted average interest rate of 3.01%. For purposes of calculating the adjusted weighted average interest rate of our mortgage debt outstanding, we have included the weighted average fixed rate of 1.4147% for one-month LIBOR on our combined $975.0 million notional amount of interest rate swap agreements, which effectively fixes the interest rate on $975.0 million of our floating rate mortgage debt. See Notes 6 and 7 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.

We have entered into and expect to continue to enter into interest rate swap and cap agreements with various third parties to fix or cap the floating interest rates on a majority of our floating rate mortgage debt outstanding. The interest rate swap agreements generally have a term of four to five years and effectively establish a fixed interest rate on debt on the underlying notional amounts. The interest rate swap agreements involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. As of September 30, 2019, interest rate swap agreements effectively covered $975.0 million, or 98%, of our $990.0 million of floating rate mortgage debt outstanding.

The interest rate cap agreements generally have a term of three to four years, cover the outstanding principal amount of the underlying debt and are generally required by our lenders. Under the interest rate cap agreements, we pay a fixed fee in exchange for the counterparty to pay any interest above a maximum rate. As of September 30, 2019, interest rate cap agreements covered $346.7 million of our $990.0 million of floating rate mortgage debt outstanding. These interest rate cap agreements effectively cap one-month LIBOR on $346.7 million of our floating rate mortgage debt at a weighted average rate of 5.74%.

We intend to invest in additional multifamily properties as suitable opportunities arise and adequate sources of equity and debt financing are available. We expect that future investments in properties, including any improvements or renovations of current or newly acquired properties, will depend on and will be financed by, in whole or in part, our existing cash, future borrowings and the proceeds from additional issuances of common stock or other securities or property dispositions.

Although we expect to be subject to restrictions on our ability to incur indebtedness, we expect that we will be able to refinance existing indebtedness or incur additional indebtedness for acquisitions or other purposes, if needed. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance our indebtedness, incur additional indebtedness or access additional sources of capital, such as by issuing common stock or other debt or equity securities, on terms that are acceptable to us or at all.

Furthermore, following the completion of our value-add and capital expenditures programs and depending on the interest rate environment at the applicable time, we may seek to refinance our floating rate debt into longer-term fixed rate debt at lower leverage levels.

Corporate Credit Facility

On January 28, 2019, we, through the OP, entered into a $75.0 million credit facility (the “Corporate Credit Facility”) with SunTrust Bank, as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto, and immediately drew $52.5 million to fund a portion of the purchase price of three properties we acquired on January 28, 2019. The Corporate Credit Facility is a full-term, interest-only facility with an initial 24-month term, has one 12-month extension option, and we have the right to request an increase in the facility amount up to $140 million (the “Accordion Feature”). The facility bears interest at a rate of one-month LIBOR plus a range from 2.00% to 2.50%, depending on our leverage level as determined under the credit facility agreement, and is guaranteed by us. On June 29, 2019, we, through the OP, exercised our option under the Accordion Feature of the Corporate Credit Facility and increased the amount of the facility from $75 million to $125 million. In conjunction with the increase in the facility, we incurred costs of $0.5 million in obtaining the additional financing through the Accordion Feature. On August 28, 2019, the Company, through the OP, exercised an incremental commitment to increase the amount of the Corporate Credit Facility by $25 million, resulting in aggregate commitments of $150 million as of September 30, 2019.

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

In order to fix a portion of, and mitigate the risk associated with, our floating rate indebtedness (without incurring substantial prepayment penalties or defeasance costs typically associated with fixed rate indebtedness when repaid early or refinanced), we, through the OP, have entered into 11 interest rate swap transactions with KeyBank and SunTrust Bank (collectively the “Counterparties”) with a combined notional amount of $975.0 million. As of September 30, 2019, the interest rate swaps we have entered into effectively replace the floating interest rate (one-month LIBOR) with respect to $975.0 million of our floating rate mortgage debt outstanding with a weighted average fixed rate of 1.4147%. During the term of these interest rate swap agreements, we are required to make monthly fixed rate payments of 1.4147%, on a weighted average basis, on the notional amounts, while the Counterparties are obligated to make monthly floating rate payments based on one-month LIBOR to us referencing the same notional amounts. For purposes of hedge accounting under FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, we have designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk. See Notes 6 and 7 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.

The following table contains summary information regarding our outstanding interest rate swaps (dollars in thousands):

Effective Date	Termination Date	Counterparty	Notional		Fixed Rate (1)
July 1, 2016	June 1, 2021	KeyBank	$	100,000		1.1055	%
July 1, 2016	June 1, 2021	KeyBank		100,000		1.0210	%
July 1, 2016	June 1, 2021	KeyBank		100,000		0.9000	%
September 1, 2016	June 1, 2021	KeyBank		100,000		0.9560	%
April 1, 2017	April 1, 2022	KeyBank		100,000		1.9570	%
May 1, 2017	April 1, 2022	KeyBank		50,000		1.9610	%
July 1, 2017	July 1, 2022	KeyBank		100,000		1.7820	%
June 1, 2019	June 1, 2024	KeyBank		50,000		2.0020	%
June 1, 2019	June 1, 2024	SunTrust		50,000		2.0020	%
September 1, 2019	September 1, 2026	KeyBank		100,000		1.4620	%
September 1, 2019	September 1, 2026	KeyBank		125,000		1.3020	%
			$	975,000		1.4147	%	(2)

(1)	The floating rate option for the interest rate swaps is one-month LIBOR. As of September 30, 2019, one-month LIBOR was 2.0156%.

(2)	Represents the weighted average fixed rate of the interest rate swaps.

Obligations and Commitments

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commitments as of September 30, 2019 for the next five calendar years subsequent to September 30, 2019. We used one-month LIBOR as of September 30, 2019 to calculate interest expense due by period on our floating rate debt and net interest expense due by period on our interest rate swaps.

		Payments Due by Period (in thousands)
		Total		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Thereafter
Operating Properties Mortgage Debt
Principal payments		$	1,034,044	$	183	$	744	$	876	$	1,391	$	21,187	$	1,009,663
Interest expense	(1)		193,576		7,893		31,395		33,685		35,532		34,895		50,176
Total		$	1,227,620	$	8,076	$	32,139	$	34,561	$	36,923	$	56,082	$	1,059,839

Held For Sale Property Mortgage Debt
Principal payments		$	26,904	$	60	$	266	$	290	$	12,610	$	—	$	13,678
Interest expense			3,719		272		1,074		1,059		526		526		262
Total		$	30,623	$	332	$	1,340	$	1,349	$	13,136	$	526	$	13,940

Credit Facility
Principal payments		$	107,000	$	—	$	—	$	107,000	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest expense			6,157		1,169		4,645		343		—		—		—
Total		$	113,157	$	1,169	$	4,645	$	107,343	$	—	$	—	$	—

Total contractual obligations and commitments		$	1,371,400	$	9,577	$	38,124	$	143,253	$	50,059	$	56,608	$	1,073,779

(1)

Interest expense obligations includes the impact of expected settlements on interest rate swaps which have been entered into in order to fix the interest rate on the hedged portion of our floating rate debt obligations. As of September 30, 2019, we had entered into 11 interest rate swap transactions with a combined notional amount of $975.0 million. We have allocated the total impact of expected settlements on the $975.0 million notional amount of interest rate swaps to ‘Operating Properties Mortgage Debt.’ We used one-month LIBOR as of September 30, 2019 to determine our expected settlements through the terms of the interest rate swaps.

Capital Expenditures and Value-Add Program

We anticipate incurring average annual repairs and maintenance expense of $575 to $725 per apartment unit in connection with the ongoing operations of our business. These expenditures are expensed as incurred. In addition, we reserve, on average, approximately $250 to $350 per apartment unit for non-recurring capital expenditures and/or lender required replacement reserves. When incurred, these expenditures are either capitalized or expensed, in accordance with GAAP, depending on the type of the expenditure. Although we will continuously monitor the adequacy of this average, we believe these figures to be sufficient to maintain the properties at a high level in the markets in which we operate. A majority of the properties in our Portfolio were underwritten and acquired with the premise that we would invest $4,000 to $10,000 per unit in the first 36 months of ownership, in an effort to add value to the asset’s exterior and interiors. In many cases, we reserve cash at the closing of each acquisition to fund these planned capital expenditures and value-add improvements. As of September 30, 2019, we had approximately $16.5 million of renovation value-add reserves for our planned capital expenditures and other expenses to implement our value-add program, which will complete approximately 1,600 planned interior rehabs. The following table sets forth a summary of our capital expenditures related to our value-add program for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

		For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Rehab Expenditures		2019		2018		2019		2018
Interior	(1)	$	3,322	$	2,582	$	8,783	$	6,138
Exterior and common area			2,524		2,322		7,661		7,314
Total rehab expenditures		$	5,846	$	4,904	$	16,444	$	13,452

(1)

Includes total capital expenditures during the period on completed and in-progress interior rehabs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, we completed full and partial interior rehabs on 1,308 and 1,116 units, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 we completed full and partial interior rehabs on 588 and 439 units, respectively.

Freddie Mac Multifamily Green Advantage Program

In order to obtain more favorable pricing on our mortgage debt financing with Freddie Mac, we have decided to participate in Freddie Mac’s new Multifamily Green Advantage program (the “Green Program”). In the second quarter of 2017, we escrowed approximately $4.2 million to finance smarter, greener property improvements at 18 of our properties. In connection with the three acquisitions and seven refinancings we completed in 2018, we escrowed approximately $1.2 million related to the Green Program. In connection with the eight purchases in 2019, the Company escrowed approximately $0.9 million related to the Green Program. Since the inception of the Green Program through September 30, 2019, we had spent approximately $4.3 million on green improvements and completed 34 Green Programs. We expect to spend approximately $3.1 million on green improvements during the fiscal year 2019. We expect to reduce water/sewer costs at each property where the Green Program is implemented by at least 15% through the replacement of showerheads, plumbing fixtures and toilets with modern energy efficient upgrades. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, utility costs for our YTD Same Store properties decreased by approximately $0.6 million or 11.3% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. For the three months ended September 30, 2019, utility costs for our Q3 Same Store properties decreased by approximately $0.1 million or 3.7% compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. In 2018, for the 17 properties where the Green Program was completed, this resulted in an estimated reduction of utility costs of approximately $1.4 million.

Emerging Growth Company

Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of this extended transition period. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates for such new or revised standards. We may elect to comply with public company effective dates at any time, and such election would be irrevocable pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act.

We could remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of (1) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of becoming a public company, (2) the last day of the first fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of $1.07 billion or more, (3) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act (which would occur if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million, measured as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and we have been publicly reporting for at least 12 months) or (4) the date on which we have, during the preceding three year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt. As of June 30, 2019, the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeded $700 million, and as such, we will no longer be an emerging growth company after December 31, 2019 and will have to adopt all accounting standards as required for public companies without the use of the extended transition period. Further, an audit of internal controls over financial reporting will be required for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Income Taxes

We anticipate that we will continue to qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and we intend to continue to be organized and to operate in a manner that will permit us to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to stockholders. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income and (3) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. We had no significant taxes associated with our TRS for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.

If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and dividends paid to our stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT.

We evaluate the accounting and disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing our tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” (greater than 50 percent probability) of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold would be recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. Our management is required to analyze all open tax years, as defined by the statute of limitations, for all major jurisdictions, which include federal and certain states. We have no examinations in progress and none are expected at this time.

We recognize our tax positions and evaluate them using a two-step process. First, we determine whether a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Second, we will determine the amount of benefit to recognize and record the amount that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement.

We had no material unrecognized tax benefit or expense, accrued interest or penalties as of September 30, 2019. We and our subsidiaries are subject to federal income tax as well as income tax of various state and local jurisdictions. The 2018, 2017 and 2016 tax years remain open to examination by tax jurisdictions to which our subsidiaries and we are subject. When applicable, we recognize interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Dividends

We intend to make regular quarterly dividend payments to holders of our common stock. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income and (3) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. We intend to make regular quarterly dividend payments of all or substantially all of our taxable income to holders of our common stock out of assets legally available for this purpose, if and to the extent authorized by our Board. Before we make any dividend payments, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating requirements and debt service on our debt payable. If our cash available for distribution is less than our taxable income, we could be required to sell assets, borrow funds or raise additional capital to make cash dividends or we may make a portion of the required dividend in the form of a taxable distribution of stock or debt securities.

We will make dividend payments based on our estimate of taxable earnings per share of common stock, but not earnings calculated pursuant to GAAP. Our dividends and taxable income and GAAP earnings will typically differ due to items such as depreciation and amortization, fair value adjustments, differences in premium amortization and discount accretion, and non-deductible general and administrative expenses. Our quarterly dividends per share may be substantially different than our quarterly taxable earnings and GAAP earnings per share. Our Board declared our third quarterly dividend of 2019 of $0.275 per share on July 29, 2019, which was paid on September 30, 2019 and funded out of cash flows from operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate these judgments, assumptions and estimates for changes that would affect the reported amounts. These estimates are based on management’s historical industry experience and on various other judgments and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these judgments, assumptions and estimates. Below is a discussion of the accounting policies that we consider critical to understanding our financial condition or results of operations where there is uncertainty or where significant judgment is required. A discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and our significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report.

Purchase Price Allocation

Upon acquisition of a property considered to be an asset acquisition, the purchase price and related acquisition costs (“total consideration”) are allocated to land, buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures, and equipment, and intangible lease assets based on relative fair value in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations. Acquisition costs are capitalized in accordance with FASB ASC 805.

The allocation of total consideration, which is determined using inputs that are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy established by FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures (see Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements), is based on management’s estimate of the property’s “as-if” vacant fair value and is calculated by using all available information such as the replacement cost of such asset, appraisals, property condition reports, market data and other related information. If any debt is assumed in an acquisition, the difference between the fair value, which is estimated using inputs that are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, and the face value of debt is recorded as a premium or discount and amortized as interest expense over the life of the debt assumed.

Impairment

Real estate assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In such cases, we will evaluate the recoverability of such real estate assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such real estate assets, and provide for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the real estate asset. If impaired, the real estate asset will be written down to its estimated fair value.

Inflation

The real estate market has not been affected significantly by inflation in the past several years due to a relatively low inflation rate. The majority of our lease terms are for a period of one year or less and reset to market if renewed. The majority of our leases also contain protection provisions applicable to reimbursement billings for utilities. Should inflation return, due to the short-term nature of our leases, we do not believe our results will be materially affected.

Inflation may also affect the overall cost of debt, as the implied cost of capital increases. Currently, interest rates are less than historical averages. However, the Federal Reserve, in response to or in anticipation of continued inflation concerns, could continue to raise interest rates. We intend to mitigate these risks through long-term fixed interest rate loans and interest rate hedges, which to date have included interest rate cap and interest rate swap agreements.

REIT Tax Election

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code and expect to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Code, to our stockholders. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. We had no significant taxes associated with our TRS for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. We believe we qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the adverse effect on the value of assets and liabilities that results from a change in market conditions. Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk with respect to our indebtedness and counterparty credit risk with respect to our interest rate derivatives. In order to minimize counterparty credit risk, we enter into and expect to enter into hedging arrangements only with major financial institutions that have high credit ratings. As of September 30, 2019, we had total indebtedness of $1,167.9 million at a weighted average interest rate of 3.39%, of which $1,097.0 million was debt with a floating interest rate. The interest rate swap agreements we have entered into effectively fix the interest rate on $975.0 million, or 98%, of our $990.0 million of floating rate mortgage debt outstanding (see below). As of September 30, 2019, the adjusted weighted average interest rate of our total indebtedness was 2.86%. For purposes of calculating the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the total indebtedness, we have included the weighted average fixed rate of 1.4147% for one-month LIBOR on the $975.0 million notional amount of interest rate swap agreements that we have entered into as of September 30, 2019, which effectively fix the interest rate on $975.0 million of our floating rate mortgage debt outstanding.

An increase in interest rates could make the financing of any acquisition by us more costly. Rising interest rates could also limit our ability to refinance our debt when it matures or cause us to pay higher interest rates upon refinancing and increase interest expense on refinanced indebtedness. We may manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to our borrowings by means of interest rate cap and interest rate swap agreements. As of September 30, 2019, the interest rate cap agreements we have entered into effectively cap one-month LIBOR on $346.7 million of our floating rate mortgage debt at a weighted average rate of 5.74% for the term of the agreements, which is generally three to four years. We also expect to manage our exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a mix of fixed and floating rates for our indebtedness.

In order to fix a portion of, and mitigate the risk associated with, our floating rate indebtedness (without incurring substantial prepayment penalties or defeasance costs typically associated with fixed rate indebtedness when repaid early or refinanced), we, through the OP, have entered into 11 interest rate swap transactions with the Counterparty with a combined notional amount of $975.0 million. The interest rate swaps we have entered into effectively replace the floating interest rate (one-month LIBOR) with respect to that amount with a weighted average fixed rate of 1.4147%. During the term of these interest rate swap agreements, we are required to make monthly fixed rate payments of 1.4147%, on a weighted average basis, on the notional amounts, while the Counterparty is obligated to make monthly floating rate payments based on one-month LIBOR to us referencing the same notional amounts. We have designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk.

Until our interest rates reach the caps provided by our interest rate cap agreements, each quarter point change in LIBOR would result in an approximate increase to annual interest expense costs on our floating rate indebtedness, reduced by any payments due from the Counterparty under the terms of the interest rate swap agreements we had entered into as of September 30, 2019, of the amounts illustrated in the table below for our indebtedness as of September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Change in Interest Rates	Annual Increase to Interest Expense
0.25%	$	300
0.50%		600
0.75%		900
1.00%		1,200

There is no assurance that we would realize such expense as such changes in interest rates could alter our liability positions or strategies in response to such changes.

We may also be exposed to credit risk in the derivative financial instruments we use. Credit risk is the failure of the Counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative financial instruments. If the fair value of a derivative financial instrument is positive, the Counterparty will owe us, which creates credit risk for us. If the fair value of a derivative financial instrument is negative, we will owe the Counterparty and, therefore, do not have credit risk. We seek to minimize the credit risk in derivative financial instruments by entering into transactions with major financial institutions that have high credit ratings.

In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (“ARRC”) has proposed that the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) is the rate that represents best practice as the alternative to USD-LIBOR for use in derivatives and other financial contracts that are currently indexed to USD-LIBOR. ARRC has proposed a paced market transition plan to SOFR from USD-LIBOR and organizations are currently working on industry wide and company specific transition plans as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to USD-LIBOR. We have material contracts that are indexed to USD-LIBOR and are monitoring this activity and evaluating the related risks.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, including our President and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated, as of September 30, 2019, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e). Based on that evaluation, our President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2019, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the Exchange Act and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the President and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

We believe, however, that a controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls systems are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud or error, if any, within a company have been detected.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are party to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Management is not aware of any legal proceedings of which the outcome is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition, nor are we aware of any such legal proceedings contemplated by government agencies.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report, filed with the SEC on February 19, 2019:

The recent Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing by Highland Capital Management, L.P. (“Highland”) may have materially adverse consequences on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

On October 16, 2019, Highland, an affiliate of our Sponsor, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection with the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (the “Highland Bankruptcy”). While neither us nor our Adviser were parties to the bankruptcy filing, the Highland Bankruptcy could expose us, our Adviser, our affiliates, our management and/or us to negative publicity, which might adversely affect our reputation and/or investor confidence in us. In addition, the Highland Bankruptcy may be both time consuming and disruptive to our operations and cause significant diversion of management attention and resources, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Highland Bankruptcy could create potential conflicts of interest and uncertainly related to our commercial relationship with Highland.

The implications and outcome of the Highland Bankruptcy are inherently uncertain. Certain of our directors and executive officers serve, or have previously served, in various capacities at Highland or its affiliated entities and, due to the uncertain nature of bankruptcy proceedings and the respective parties’ objectives, Highland or such directors and executive officers may encounter potential conflicts of interests with us. In addition, the treatment of relationships (including as related to contractual obligations) between associated parties in bankruptcy proceedings can be uncertain, which could harm our commercial relationship with Highland.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Repurchase of Shares

On June 15, 2016, our Board authorized us to repurchase an indeterminate number of shares of our common stock at an aggregate market value of up to $30 million during a two-year period that was set to expire on June 15, 2018 (the “Share Repurchase Program”). On April 30, 2018, our Board increased the Share Repurchase Program to up to $40 million and extended it by an additional two years to June 15, 2020. There were no purchases of equity securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number		Description

10.1*		Sale, Purchase and Escrow Agreement between Arium Resort, LLC, as seller, NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P., as buyer, and Chicago Title Insurance Company, as escrow agent date July 24, 2019 as amended by assignment of Sale, Purchase and Escrow Agreement between NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. and NXRT Pembroke, LLC dated August 13, 2019.

31.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2*		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1⁺		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS*		XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE*		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

*	Filed herewith.

+	Furnished herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC.

Signature	Title	Date

/s/ Jim Dondero	President and Director	November 7, 2019
Jim Dondero	(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Brian Mitts	Chief Financial Officer and Director	November 7, 2019
Brian Mitts	(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)