Nuwellis, Inc. - Annual Report: 2015 (Form 10-K)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended: December 31, 2015
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from to
Commission file number 001-35312
SUNSHINE HEART, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware |
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68-0533453 |
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(State or other jurisdiction of |
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(I.R.S. Employer |
12988 Valley View Road
Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344
(Address of principal executive offices including zip code)
(952) 345-4200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of each class |
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Name of each exchange on which registered |
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Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share |
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The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |
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(Nasdaq Capital Market) |
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Large accelerated filer o |
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Non-accelerated filer o |
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Smaller reporting company o |
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(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
As of June 30, 2015, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of shares of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant (based upon the June 30, 2015 closing sale price of $3.45 per share) was approximately $62.5 million.
The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding as of March 11, 2016 was 18,357,796 shares.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the proxy statement for the 2015 annual meeting of stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report to the extent described herein.
SUNSHINE HEART, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements relate to us, our business prospects and our results of operations and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties posed by many factors and events that could cause our actual business, prospects and results of operations to differ materially from those anticipated by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those described under the heading “Risk Factors” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. We undertake no obligation to revise any forward-looking statements in order to reflect events or circumstances that might subsequently arise. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us in this report and in our other reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business.
Overview
Unless otherwise specified or indicated by the context, “Sunshine Heart,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Sunshine Heart, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
We are an early-stage medical device company focused on developing, manufacturing and commercializing our C-Pulse® Heart Assist System (the “C-Pulse System”) for treatment of Class III and ambulatory Class IV heart failure. The C-Pulse System utilizes the known concept of counterpulsation applied in an extra-aortic approach to assist the left ventricle by reducing the workload required to pump blood throughout the body, while increasing blood flow to the coronary arteries.
We are in the process of pursuing regulatory approvals necessary to sell our system in the United States. We completed enrollment of our North American feasibility clinical study in the first half of 2011. In November 2011, we announced the preliminary results of the six-month follow-up period for the feasibility study and we submitted the clinical data to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”). In March 2012, the FDA notified us that it had completed its review of the C-Pulse System feasibility study data and concluded we met the applicable agency requirements, and further indicated that we could move forward with an investigational device exemption (“IDE”) application. In October 2012, we announced the results of the 12-month follow-up period for the feasibility study. In November 2012, the FDA provided us with unconditional approval to initiate a pivotal study and we commenced enrollment in our COUNTER HF™ study in September 2013. The COUNTER HF study was designed to enroll 388 patients randomized 1:1 to treatment (C-Pulse implantation) versus optimal medical therapy, at up to 40 participating hospitals and clinics. The primary efficacy endpoint of the study was defined as freedom from worsening heart failure resulting in hospitalization, LVAD implantation, cardiac transplantation or heart failure related death. In February 2015, we announced that we had received unconditional approval from the FDA to conduct an interim analysis of COUNTER HF, which could have reduced the overall duration of the trial. In March 2015, we announced that COUNTER HF had reached a pre-determined pausing point and we temporarily suspended enrollment in accordance with the study protocol. In May 2015 we announced that the FDA approved resumption of patient enrollment into the study and we began the process of reactivating clinical sites and of resuming enrollment of patients into the study. We concluded 2015 with 66 enrollments, 35 randomizations, 29 activated centers and 9 additional centers committed to participate. As we evaluated the pace of enrollment into our pivotal and post market studies, we determined that enrolling these studies would take much longer than anticipated as a result of the invasiveness of the implant procedure and requirements imposed by the trial design. As a result, on March 3, 2016, we announced that we are no longer enrolling patients into the COUNTER HF and OPTIONS HF studies and that we plan to pursue a new strategic direction, as discussed below under “Our Strategy.”
We obtained CE Mark for the C-Pulse System in July 2012. In order to gain additional clinical data and support reimbursement in Europe, we initiated a 50-patient post-market study in Europe to evaluate endpoints similar to those for our U.S. pivotal study. We commenced enrollment in our OPTIONS HF study in the second quarter of 2013. We concluded 2015 with a total of 15 implants performed prior to the termination of enrollment in the OPTIONS HF study.
We incurred net losses of $26.6 million, $25.6 million, and $21.8 million in the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Historically, sales of the C-Pulse System to hospitals and clinics under contract in conjunction with our North American
FDA clinical studies have generated all of our revenue. The C-Pulse System is not approved for commercial sale but the FDA has assigned it to a Category B designation, making it eligible for reimbursement at certain U.S. sites during our clinical studies. However, since certain insurance companies and government institutions have a non-coverage policy for experimental or investigational procedures, we have not been successful in achieving reimbursement for some implant procedures and have generated only limited revenue from our clinical studies. Since we have terminated enrollment in our OPTIONS HF and COUNTER HF clinical trials, we have no current source of revenue to sustain our present activities. We do not expect to generate any revenue from clinical trials during fiscal 2016 and we expect to incur significant net losses as we continue to conduct clinical studies and pursue commercialization.
Our Market Opportunity
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and other developed countries. The American Heart Association estimates that 5.7 million people in the United States age 20 and over are affected by heart failure, with an estimated 670,000 new cases diagnosed each year. Nearly 30% of heart failure patients are below the age of 60, and congestive heart failure is the highest U.S. chronic health care expense category.
Heart failure is a progressive disease caused by impairment of the left heart’s ability to pump blood to the various organs of the body. Patients with heart failure commonly experience shortness of breath, fatigue, difficulty exercising and swelling of the legs. The heart becomes weak or stiff and enlarges over time, making it harder for the left heart to pump the blood needed for the body to function properly. The severity of heart failure depends on how well a person’s heart is able to pump blood throughout the body. A common measure of heart failure severity is the New York Heart Association (the “NYHA”) Class guideline. Patients are classified in Classes I through IV based on their symptoms and functional limitations. Classes I and II include patients with mild heart failure, Class III includes patients with moderate heart failure, and Class IV includes patients with severe heart failure.
The C-Pulse System is intended for NYHA Class III and ambulatory Class IV patients. It is estimated that approximately 1.5 million heart failure patients in the United States fall into this classification range, and we believe approximately 3.7 million patients in Europe are similarly affected.
Treatment alternatives currently available for Class III heart failure patients in the United States consist primarily of pharmacological therapies and cardiac pacing devices that are designed to address heart rhythm issues. Although these treatments may provide symptomatic relief and prolong the life of patients, they do not often halt the progression of congestive heart failure. One product received FDA approval in the United States for Class IIIb patients, but that device is not reimbursed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for Class IIIb patients. Circulatory assist devices, specifically left ventricular assist devices (“LVADs”) have been used to treat Class IV patients in the United States. LVADs are designed to take over some or all of the pumping function of the heart by mechanically pumping blood into the aorta. Although such products are effective in increasing blood flow, by design these devices are in contact with the patient’s bloodstream, requiring the lifelong use of blood-thinning drugs and increasing the risk of severe adverse events, including thrombosis, bleeding and neurologic events such as stroke.
Our Strategy
Our goal is to become a market leader in the treatment of moderate to severe heart failure through the commercialization of the C-Pulse System and complementary technologies, and to continue the development of the system to make it more convenient for patients and physicians. We believe that our technology will provide us with a competitive advantage in the market for treating specific segments of heart failure patients.
On March 3, 2016, we announced a new strategic direction. We are currently working with our investigators to develop the specifics of our revised clinical and product development strategy. Our new strategic direction includes the following two high level objectives:
· in the near term, pursuing a shorter clinical trial to generate incremental data to further demonstrate the clinical benefits of C-Pulse therapy, which will be used to support and expedite the U.S. regulatory approval of a fully implantable device. This will include making relatively minor modifications to the current C-Pulse device, as further discussed below, and
· in the longer term, focusing additional resources on accelerating development of a fully-implantable system, which we ultimately believe will benefit our business and prospects.
To achieve our objectives, we intend to:
· Assess the value of counterpulsation therapy with our current device - Based on clinical data to date, we believe the optimal benefit from the C-Pulse System can be reached in the first 6 months of therapy. For that reason, we plan to pursue a short-
term clinical study to provide further evidence of recovery or restaging and further demonstrating the benefits of the C-Pulse System becoming a “short-term” therapy. Prior to commencing this trial, we plan to make certain improvements to the current C-Pulse System, as further discussed below. We believe these improvements, combined with a shorter duration of the trial and therapy, which will reduce the risk of infection, will increase patient acceptance of the current C-Pulse System.
· Continue development of the C-Pulse System to ensure a minimally invasive approach and increase therapy acceptance in Class III heart failure patients - We believe it will be important to continue refining the C-Pulse System to make it more appealing for both patients and physicians. Since completing our 21-patient North American feasibility study, we have made several improvements to the C-Pulse System based on the feasibility study outcomes and feedback we received from surgeons and patients during the feasibility study. These changes include enhancements to our Driver, Cuff, and Percutaneous Interface Leads (“PIL”), among others. We are currently in the process of reviewing and making further improvements to our current C-Pulse System in response to feedback received from patients and physicians during the COUNTER HF and OPTIONS HF studies. Our goal is to make the implant procedure less invasive, improve reliability of the system, specifically to extend the life of the external driver and reduce the need for frequent driver replacements. We also intend to accelerate the funding for a fully implantable system which we believe will greatly increase the acceptance of the therapy. We have completed initial animal studies of a fully-implantable C-Pulse System featuring a fully implantable Pump and Cuff, which would eliminate the need for a percutaneous driveline, thus addressing the risk of infections at the skin exit sites and increasing the patient’s comfort.
· Investigate the potential of neuromodulation effects of counterpulsation — Recently published data from our European OPTIONS HF study shows clinically meaningful improvement in mean left ventricular ejection fraction along with strong trends on improvement of functional capacity and neurohormonal levels, which leads us to believe that aortic extravascular counterpulsation has neuromodulatory effects in addition to a hemodynamic impact. We are in the early stages of evaluating the recovery capabilities of counterpulsation and have begun studies that directly measure the effect of C-Pulse on sympathetic nerve activity.
· Pursue adjacent and synergistic technologies that treat patients with Class III heart failure — Our goal is to become a leader in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe heart failure. To that end, we intend to pursue applications of our technology in areas that are complementary and synergistic to our existing therapy, as well as pursuing adjacent technologies that we believe will benefit the patient population we are seeking to address.
Our System
The C-Pulse System is based on the concept of counterpulsation applied in an extra-aortic approach to assist the left ventricle by reducing the workload required to pump blood throughout the body, while increasing blood flow to the coronary arteries. Combined, these potential benefits may help sustain the patient’s current condition or, in some documented cases, reverse the heart failure process, thereby potentially preventing or delaying the need for later-stage heart failure devices, such as LVADs or artificial hearts, or for transplants. It may also provide relief from the symptoms of Class III and ambulatory Class IV heart failure, and improve quality of life and cardiac function. Based on the results from our feasibility study, we also believe that some patients treated with the C-Pulse System may be able to stop using the device due to sustained improvement in their conditions as a result of the therapy.
Once implanted, the C-Pulse Cuff is positioned around the patient’s ascending aorta above the aortic valve. An electrocardiogram sensing lead is then attached to the heart to determine timing for cuff inflation and deflation in synchronization with the heartbeat. As the heart fills with blood, the C-Pulse Cuff inflates to push blood from the aorta to the rest of the body and to the heart muscle via the coronary arteries. Just before the heart pumps, the C-Pulse Cuff deflates to reduce the heart’s workload through pressure changes, allowing the heart to pump with less effort. The C-Pulse Cuff and electrical leads are connected to a single line that is run through the abdominal wall to connect to a power driver outside the body. The system’s single unit driver and battery source are contained inside a carrying bag.
Surgeons in the feasibility phase of our clinical study initially implanted the C-Pulse System in patients via a full sternotomy and then via a mini-thoracotomy. During the feasibility study, this minimally invasive procedure was developed to allow the C-Pulse System to be implanted via a small pacemaker-like incision between the patient’s ribs and sternum, rather than through a full sternotomy. The first implant using this less invasive procedure was completed in 2010. Patients implanted via a minimally invasive procedure typically require a hospital stay of four to seven days in connection with implantation of the C-Pulse System, after which they return home. This compares to an average hospital stay of 14 days for patients implanted with the C-Pulse System via a full sternotomy. Therefore, we believe that a less invasive approach can reduce procedural time, hospital stays, overall cost and patient risk as compared to treatment options that require a full sternotomy. Surgeon experience and feedback during our COUNTER HF study indicated that this minimally invasive procedure, while possible to perform, was complex. As a result, we intend to make further improvements to our surgical approach to simplify it and make it accessible to all surgeons participating in a future study.
The C-Pulse System distinguishes itself from other mechanical heart failure therapies in two important aspects, which we believe differentiate our system from other products addressing moderate to severe heart failure. First, the C-Pulse System is placed outside a patient’s vascular system. The C-Pulse Cuff is placed around a patient’s ascending aorta and assists the heart’s normal pumping function, rather than being inserted into the vascular system and replacing heart function like other devices, such as LVADs. Because the C-Pulse System remains outside the vascular system, there is less risk of complications such as blood clots, stroke and thrombosis in comparison to other mechanical devices that reside or function inside the vascular system. Because it rests outside the vasculature, it also does not require blood thinning agents that are necessary for patients with devices that are in contact with the bloodstream. As with any implanted device with a percutaneous driver lead, patients using our system have a risk of infection from the implantation procedure or from the driver lead exit site. Any untreated sternal/mediastinal infection arising from the implantation procedure or exit site infection could result in erosion of the aortic wall or an aortic disruption. Because our system has been implanted in a limited number of patients to date, the potential competitive disadvantages and risks associated with the use of our system are not fully known at this time.
Second, once implanted, the C-Pulse System does not need to be in constant operation, and patients can safely turn the device on or off at any time. This feature enables patients to disconnect from the device to perform certain activities such as showering. Patients are not required to visit a medical facility when turning our device on or off or using the device. However, to maximize the benefit from the C-Pulse System, patients are advised to turn off the system only for short periods of time and for specified activities. If the C-Pulse System is not used as directed, patients might experience a return of their heart failure symptoms, a loss of any improvement in their condition resulting from use of our system or an overall worsening of their heart failure symptoms compared to when they began using our system.
Clinical Development
Our North American feasibility clinical study was primarily designed to assess safety and provide indications of performance of the C-Pulse System in moderate to severe heart failure patients who suffer from symptoms such as shortness of breath and reduced mobility. In the first half of 2011, we completed enrollment and implantation of 20 patients in the study and received FDA approval of an expansion protocol to allow us to implant additional patients and add two centers to our feasibility study, which enabled expansion of the cohort to 21 patients. We do not have plans to implant any additional patients in our North American feasibility study at this time.
In November 2011, we announced the preliminary results of the six-month follow-up period for the feasibility study and we submitted the clinical data to the FDA. The table below summarizes updated results from the six-month follow-up data as well as the 12-month data, which became available in June 2012. In July 2012, we also completed a two-year follow-up for a patient implanted with our system.
Summary of Efficacy Measures
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All Patients |
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Parameter |
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Change from Baseline(2) |
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Change from Baseline(2) |
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Interpretation |
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Quality of Life (MLWHF score)(5) |
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-23.8 ± 18.4 |
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-24.3 ± 15.8 |
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A reduction of seven points (-7) demonstrates material improvement in patient quality of life. Average patient results at six and 12 months were more than three times the reduction needed to show a material improvement in quality of life using the MLWHF standard. |
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NYHA Class |
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-1.1 ± 0.8 |
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-1.2 ± 0.8 |
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Material reduction to NYHA Class for most patients as indicated in footnote 6 below. |
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Six Minute Hall Walk (meters) |
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30.1 ± 64.9 |
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52.0 ± 64.9 |
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On average, patients were able to walk an additional 24 meters during a six-minute period six months after implantation compared to their pre-implantation abilities. This improvement doubled from six to 12 months. |
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(1) The numbers in the chart reflect the average change in patient results and the range of patient results for the particular parameter after C-Pulse System implant.
(2) Baseline reflects a patient’s result for the particular parameter prior to C-Pulse System implant.
(3) Patients at six months exclude one patient that received a heart transplant, one patient implanted with an LVAD, one patient death during surgery to treat a sternal infection, one patient death resulting from a non-device related drug allergic reaction, and one patient death for which the autopsy report notes “no definite anatomic cause of death” and for which the investigator stated the death was due to a respiratory, non-device related issue.
(4) Patient population at 12 months includes patients from six-month follow-up, excluding one patient who received a heart transplant at day 212, one patient removed from the study at day 232 due to issues with the PIL that led physician to implant an LVAD, and one patient that was explanted due to a fall that resulted in damage to the PIL.
(5) Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Quality of Life (“MLWHF”) scores are derived from a questionnaire that asks each patient to indicate, using a six-point scale (zero to five), how much each of 21 facets prevents the patient from living as desired.
(6) The table below summarizes the data from the follow-up periods indicated for NYHA Class:
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Follow-up Period |
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No Change |
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1 Class |
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2 Class |
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3 Class |
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6 months |
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4 |
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7 |
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5 |
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0 |
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12 months |
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2 |
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8 |
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2 |
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1 |
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Each decrease in NYHA Class represents an improvement to a patient’s heart failure symptoms or a reduction in the patient’s functional limitations.
Summary of Safety Device-Related Severe Adverse Events at Six and 12 Months (1)
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All Subjects |
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6 months |
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12 months |
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Aortic Disruption (e.g., aortic rupture)(2) |
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1 |
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1 |
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Neurological Dysfunction (e.g., stroke) |
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0 |
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0 |
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Myocardial Infarction (heart attack) |
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0 |
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0 |
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Major Infection |
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· Localized Non-Device Infection—PICC Line (3) |
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1 |
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1 |
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· Drive-Line Exit Site or Pocket Infection (4) |
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8 |
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8 |
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· Internal Pump Component, Inflow or Outflow Tract Infection PIL (Replaceable Portion of Drive-line) |
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1 |
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1 |
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· Sepsis (5) |
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0 |
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0 |
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Acute Renal Dysfunction (6) |
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1 |
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1 |
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Patients Re-hospitalized due to Worsening Heart Failure |
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0 |
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0 |
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(1) All event types and relationships to device have been adjudicated by the CEC. All events indicate number of patients with events.
(2) Device related adverse event of aortic disruption at time of re-do surgery for mediastinitis, which is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the area between the lungs (mediastinum), usually caused by infection.
(3) A “PICC Line” is a peripherally inserted central catheter, which is a long, slender, small, flexible tube. The PICC Line is inserted into a peripheral vein, typically in the upper arm, and advanced until the catheter tip terminates in a large vein in the chest near the heart to obtain intravenous access. It is similar to other central lines, as it terminates into a large vessel near the heart.
(4) Pocket infection means an infection involving the subcutaneous (under the skin) pocket containing the device.
(5) Sepsis is a condition in which the body is fighting a severe infection that has spread via the bloodstream.
(6) Acute renal dysfunction is a rapid loss of kidney function. Computed tomography with contrast, which is used for the assessment of possible device infection, resulted in acute renal dysfunction.
We believe the six-month and 12-month follow-up results demonstrate the feasibility of the C-Pulse System implantation procedure and provide indications of safety and efficacy of the C-Pulse System in patients with moderate to severe heart failure and submitted the data to the FDA. In March 2012, the FDA notified us that it had completed its review of the C-Pulse System feasibility study data and concluded we met the applicable agency requirements, and further indicated that we could move forward with an IDE application.
In November 2012, the FDA provided us with approval to initiate a pivotal study. The COUNTER HF study was designed to enroll 388 patients randomized 1:1 to treatment (C-Pulse implantation) versus optimal medical therapy, at up to 40 participating hospitals and clinics. The primary efficacy endpoint of the study was defined as freedom from worsening heart failure resulting in hospitalization, LVAD implantation, cardiac transplantation or heart failure related death. We commenced enrollment of the COUNTER HF pivotal study in the third quarter of 2013. In February 2015, we announced that we had received unconditional approval from the FDA to conduct an interim analysis of COUNTER HF, which could have reduced the overall duration of the trial. In March 2015, we announced that COUNTER HF had reached a pre-determined pausing point and we temporarily suspended enrollment in accordance with the study protocol. In May 2015, we announced that the FDA had approved resumption of patient enrollment in the study, and we began the process of reactivating clinical sites and of resuming patient enrollment into the study. As we evaluated the pace of enrollment into our pivotal and post market studies, we determined that enrolling these studies would take much longer than anticipated as a result of the invasiveness of the implant procedure and requirements imposed by the trial design. As a result, on March 3, 2016 we announced that we are no longer enrolling patients into the COUNTER HF and OPTIONS HF studies and that we plan to pursue a new strategic direction, as discussed above under “Our Strategy.”
We intend to initiate discussions with the FDA on a revised clinical study protocol for a new study in which patients will remain on therapy for a shorter duration. We believe the optimal benefit from the C-Pulse System can be reached in the first 6 months of therapy, and we plan to seek approval for a trial design that reflects this belief.
We recently published (Schultz et al. Med. Sci. Monit Basic Res, 2016;22) interim data from the OPTIONS HF post market study demonstrating significant and clinically meaningful improvement in ejection fraction from 24.3±7.9% at baseline to 44.5±4.5% at 6 months (p<0.0001). One patient was also weaned from device. A more complete analysis from OPTIONS HF has been accepted for presentation at the ESC Heart Failure Association meeting in Florence on May 21, 2016.
Research and Development
Our research and development expense totaled $17.7 million, $16.9 million and $13.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Research and development costs include activities related to research, development, design, testing and manufacturing of prototypes of our system as well as costs associated with certain clinical and regulatory activities.
Since completing our 21-patient North American feasibility study, we have made several improvements to the C-Pulse System based on the patient outcomes and feedback we received from surgeons and patients during the study.
We have completed initial animal studies of a next generation C-Pulse system, featuring a fully implantable Pump and Cuff, which would eliminate the need for a percutaneous driveline, thus reducing the risk of infection and increasing the patient’s comfort. While we continue to assess the commercial application of our current C-Pulse System, we believe development of a next-generation, fully implantable system would benefit our business and prospects.
As we evaluated the pace of enrollment into our pivotal and post market studies, we determined that enrolling these studies would take much longer than anticipated as a result of the invasiveness of the implant procedure and requirements imposed by the trial design. As a result, on March 3, 2016, we announced that we are no longer enrolling patients in the COUNTER HF and OPTIONS HF studies, and that we plan to pursue a new strategic direction, as discussed above under “Our Strategy”. Our revised strategy includes (1) making improvements to the current C-Pulse System based on physician and patient feedback and modifying our current surgical approach to make the implant procedure less invasive, both of which we believe will enhance patient acceptance of our therapy and (2) immediately focusing additional resources on our longer-term goal of accelerating development of a fully-implantable system.
While we have stopped enrolling patients in our clinical studies and have been and continue to be focused on reducing our operating expenses in the near term, we expect our future research and development expenses to increase as we conduct further clinical studies and focus on the development of our fully-implantable system.
Sales and Marketing
To date, all of our sales of the C-Pulse System have been to U.S. hospitals and clinics who participate in our clinical studies per the terms of the clinical study contracts. We have solicited hospitals and clinics for our studies through our employees, who select hospitals and clinics for participation based on an assessment of their expertise in the area of moderate and severe heart failure and their understanding of our system. We completed enrollment in our North American feasibility clinical study in the first half of 2011 and we did not generate any revenue from sales of our system during 2012 and through the first half of 2013. We commenced enrollment in our pivotal clinical study in the third quarter of 2013.
We obtained CE Mark in July 2012. In the second quarter of 2013, we initiated enrollment in a 50-patient post-market study of our system in Europe. We retained consultants to analyze the conditions in various European countries for potential reimbursement for our system and the capabilities of existing hospitals and clinics to implant the C-Pulse System properly and understand the potential benefits of our system. We initially planned to sell our system in Germany, the UK and Austria, which we believed to be the largest potential European markets for our system and have supported reimbursement for heart failure technologies in the past. We have not obtained approval for reimbursement in any European country although we have received an NUB status 4 in Germany, making our device eligible for reimbursement on a case by case basis. The timing for full commercial release into European and other markets where we could leverage the existing CE Mark is uncertain and will depend on, among other factors, the success of our initial sales efforts in Europe, the results of our clinical studies, and the other factors described under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
As we evaluated the pace of enrollment into our pivotal and post market studies, we determined that enrolling these studies would take much longer than anticipated as a result of the invasiveness of the implant procedure and requirements imposed by the trial design. As a result, on March 3, 2016, we announced that we are no longer enrolling patients in the COUNTER HF and OPTIONS HF studies, and that we plan to pursue a new strategic direction, as discussed above under “Our Strategy”. Since we have terminated enrollment in our OPTIONS HF and COUNTER HF clinical trials, we do not expect any revenue from the C-Pulse System during fiscal 2016.
Manufacturers and Suppliers
The C-Pulse System has been implanted only in connection with clinical studies. We outsource most of the manufacturing of our system to suppliers with our activities primarily directed toward supply chain management and distribution of our system to clinics and hospitals. A number of critical components of the C-Pulse System, including the balloon, driver unit and interface lead are provided by outside suppliers and tested by us in-house. Our suppliers include large and small U.S.-based and international manufacturers of medical device components. In 2013, we moved the assembly of the balloon and cuff, along with the related marking and packaging operations, to our Eden Prairie, Minnesota facility. These processes occur under a clean room environment. Our quality system complies with the latest requirements of ISO 13485:2003, EN ISO 13485:2012, Active Medical Device Directive (AIMD) 90/385/EEC and the US FDA Quality Systems Regulations 21 CFR Part 820.
The components for our system do not require significant customization for use in our system or necessitate any raw materials for which we believe our suppliers could not readily find alternative sources. We purchase from our suppliers primarily on a purchase order basis. We do not “second source” any components of our system, although we believe we could find alternative suppliers for each component of our system, other than the balloon, without materially interrupting production of our system at current levels. If the manufacturer of the balloon used in our system was unwilling or unable to supply this component for any reason, however, our business could be adversely affected. If we obtain regulatory approvals necessary to commercialize the C-Pulse System, all of our outsourced manufacturers would need to increase their production of our system or we would need to develop capabilities to manufacture the system ourselves.
Intellectual Property
We have established an intellectual property portfolio through which we seek to protect our system and technology. As of December 31, 2015, our portfolio consisted of over 75 issued patents in the United States and abroad. We also had more than 35 patent applications pending as of that date. Our patents and patent applications cover various aspects of both the methodology as well as the design of the C-Pulse System device and related components.
We have developed technical knowledge that, although non-patentable, we consider to be significant in enabling us to compete. It is our policy to enter into confidentiality agreements with each of our employees and consultants prohibiting the disclosure of any confidential information or trade secrets. In addition, these agreements provide that any inventions or discoveries by employees and consultants relating to our business will be assigned to us and become our sole property.
Despite our patent rights and policies with regard to confidential information, trade secrets and inventions, we may be subject to challenges to the validity of our patents, claims that our system infringes the patent rights of others and the disclosure of our confidential information or trade secrets. These and other risks are described more fully under the heading “Risks Relating to our Intellectual Property” in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
At this time we are not a party to any material legal proceedings that relate to patents or proprietary rights.
Competition
Competition from medical device companies and medical device divisions of health care companies, pharmaceutical companies and gene- and cell-based therapies is intense and expected to increase. The vast majority of Class III and Class IV heart failure patients still receive pharmacological treatment and a smaller percentage are treated with LVADs and other medical devices. We are not aware of any direct competitors that offer devices residing outside the vascular system for treatment of Class III and ambulatory Class IV heart failure, and therefore we continue to expect new competitors both from the pharmacological and the medical device space. Among the other medical device competitors that treat or may treat Class III or ambulatory Class IV heart failure patients are Berlin Heart GmbH, HeartWare International Inc., Jarvik Heart, Inc., ReliantHeart, Inc., and St. Jude Medical Corporation, as well as a range of other specialized medical device companies with devices at varying stages of development. Some of these competitors are larger than we are and have significantly greater financial resources and name recognition than we do.
Our ability to compete effectively depends upon our ability to distinguish our Company and our system from our competitors and their products. Factors affecting our competitive position include:
· financial resources;
· product performance and design;
· risk management;
· product safety;
· acceptance of our system in the marketplace;
· sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;
· manufacturing and assembly costs;
· pricing of our system and of our competitors’ products;
· the availability of reimbursement from government and private health insurers;
· success and timing of new product development and introductions;
· regulatory approvals; and
· intellectual property protection.
We believe the C-Pulse System’s lower risk profile, resulting from its position outside a patient’s vascular system, the ability to temporarily disconnect the C-Pulse System without harm to the patient, and the less invasive manner in which the C-Pulse System can be implanted, will help our system effectively compete in the markets where it is approved for sale.
Third-Party Reimbursement
If approved in the United States, we expect the C-Pulse System to be purchased primarily by customers, such as hospitals, who then would bill various third-party payers for the services provided to the patients. These payers, which include federal health care programs (e.g., Medicare and Medicaid), state health care programs, private health insurance companies and managed care organizations, would then reimburse our customers based on established payment formulas that take into account part or all of the cost associated with these devices and the related procedures performed.
The agency responsible for administering the Medicare program, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and a majority of private insurers have approved reimbursement for the C-Pulse System in clinical studies. The FDA has assigned the C-Pulse System to a Category B3 designation under IDE number G120201. By assigning the C-Pulse System a Category B3 designation, the FDA determined that the C-Pulse System is non-experimental/investigational. A non-experimental/investigational device refers to a device believed to be in Class I or Class II, or a device believed to be in Class III for which the incremental risk is the primary risk in question (that is, underlying questions of safety and effectiveness of that device type have been resolved), or it is known that the device type can be safe and effective because, for example, other manufacturers have obtained FDA approval for that device type.
With an IDE number assigned based on our Category B3 designation, providers are allowed to seek coverage and reimbursement for the C-Pulse System under the Medicare program from their Medicare fiscal intermediary for hospital services, carrier for physician services or Medicare Administrative Contractor for both services. There can be no assurance, however, that fiscal intermediaries or Medicare Administrative Contractors will make payment.
We are analyzing the potential for third-party reimbursement in various European countries. Third-party reimbursement requirements vary from country to country in Europe and we are not approved for reimbursement in any European country at this time. Health care laws in the United States and other countries are subject to ongoing changes, including changes to the amount of reimbursement for hospital services. Legislative proposals can substantially change the way health care is financed by both governmental and private insurers and may negatively impact payment rates for our system. Also, from time to time there are a number of legislative, regulatory and other proposals both at the federal and state levels; it remains uncertain whether there will be any future changes that will be proposed or finalized and what effect, if any, such legislation or regulations would have on our business. However, in the United States and international markets, we expect that both government and third-party payers will continue to attempt to contain or reduce the costs of health care by challenging the prices charged, or deny coverage, for health care products and services.
Government Regulations
Regulation by governmental authorities in the United States and foreign countries is a significant factor in the manufacture and marketing of our current system and any future products and in our ongoing research and development activities. All of our proposed products will require regulatory approval prior to commercialization. In particular, medical devices are subject to rigorous pre-clinical testing as a condition of approval by the FDA and by similar authorities in foreign countries.
United States
In the United States, the FDA regulates the design, manufacture, distribution and promotion of medical devices pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and its regulations. The C-Pulse System is regulated as a medical device. To obtain FDA approval to market the C-Pulse System, the FDA requires proof of safety and efficacy in human clinical studies performed under an IDE. An IDE application must contain pre-clinical test data supporting the safety of the product for human investigational use, information on manufacturing processes and procedures, proposed clinical protocols and other information. If the IDE application is approved, human clinical studies may begin. The results obtained from clinical studies are then submitted to the FDA in support of a premarket approval (“PMA”) application.
Clinical studies are subject to registration on a government-approved internet site and are subject to extensive monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting requirements. Clinical studies must be conducted under the oversight of an institutional review board (“IRB”) for the relevant clinical study sites and they must comply with FDA regulations, including but not limited to those relating to good clinical practices. To conduct a clinical study, we are also required to obtain the patients’ informed consent in form and substance that complies with both FDA requirements and state and federal privacy and human subject protection regulations. We, the FDA or the IRB could suspend a clinical study at any time for various reasons, including a belief that the risks to study subjects outweigh the anticipated benefits.
During clinical studies products must be manufactured in accordance with the practices expected by the FDA under the IDE. Design of the products must be done under the Quality System Regulation (the “QSR”). Once approved by the FDA, the products must be manufactured in registered establishments and must be manufactured in accordance with the QSR. Furthermore, the FDA may at any time inspect our facilities or the facilities of our suppliers to determine whether we or our suppliers comply with FDA regulations, including the QSR, which requires manufacturers to follow stringent design, testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures during all aspects of the design and manufacturing process.
Once commercialized, we will be subject to an extensive set of post-market controls, including annual PMA reports, Medical Device Reports (MDRs) on serious adverse events, complaint handling and analysis under the QSR, export controls, advertising and promotion requirements, and potential post-market studies required by FDA.
We and our suppliers are also subject to regulation by various state authorities, which may inspect our or our suppliers’ facilities and manufacturing processes and enforce state regulations. Failure to comply with applicable state regulations may result in seizures, injunctions or other types of enforcement actions.
Health Care Regulation
Our business is subject to extensive federal and state government regulation. This includes the federal Anti-Kickback Statute and similar state anti-kickback laws, the federal False Claims Act and similar state false claims laws, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”), the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (the “HITECH Act”), the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, and similar state laws addressing privacy and security. Although we believe that our operations materially comply with the laws governing our industry, it is possible that non-compliance with existing laws or the adoption of new laws or interpretations of existing laws could adversely affect our financial performance.
Fraud and Abuse Laws
The health care industry is subject to extensive federal and state regulation. In particular, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, receiving, offering or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, to induce either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing, recommending or arranging for a good or service, for which payment may be made under a federal health care program such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The definition of “remuneration” has been broadly interpreted to include anything of value, including, for example, gifts, discounts, the furnishing of supplies or equipment, credit arrangements, payments of cash, waivers of payments, ownership interests and providing anything at less than its fair market value. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act revises the evidentiary standard under the Anti-Kickback Statute and eliminates the requirement of actual knowledge, or specific intent, to commit a violation of the statute. This amendment to the Anti-Kickback Statute may improve the government’s ability to meet its evidentiary burden for establishing liability. The penalties for violating the Anti-Kickback Statute can be severe. These sanctions include criminal penalties and civil and administrative sanctions, including fines, imprisonment and possible administrative action for suspension or exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs.
The federal Anti-Kickback Statute is broad, and it prohibits many arrangements and practices that are lawful in businesses outside of the health care industry. Recognizing that the Anti-Kickback Statute is broad and may technically prohibit many innocuous or beneficial arrangements within the health care industry, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issued regulations in July of 1991, which the Department has referred to as “safe harbors.” These safe harbor regulations set forth certain provisions which, if met in form and substance, will assure health care providers and other parties that they will not be prosecuted under the Anti-Kickback Statute. Additional safe harbor provisions providing similar protections have been published intermittently since 1991. Our arrangements with physicians, physician practice groups, hospitals and other persons or entities who are in positions to refer may not fully meet the stringent criteria specified in the various safe harbors. Conduct and business arrangements that do not fully satisfy one of these safe harbor provisions may result in increased scrutiny or enforcement actions by government enforcement authorities such as the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General.
Many states have adopted laws similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute. Some of these state prohibitions apply to referral of patients for health care services reimbursed by any source, not only federal health care programs. Although we believe that we comply with both federal and state anti-kickback laws, any finding of a violation of these laws could subject us to criminal and civil and administrative penalties or possible administrative action for suspension or exclusion from federal or state health care programs. Such penalties would adversely affect our financial performance and our ability to operate our business.
HIPAA created a new federal statute to prevent health care fraud and false statements relating to health care matters. The health care fraud statute prohibits knowingly and willfully executing a scheme to defraud any health care benefit program, including private payers. A violation of this statute is a felony and may result in fines, imprisonment or exclusion from government-sponsored programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. The false statements statute prohibits knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for health care benefits, items or services. A violation of this statute is a felony and may result in fines or imprisonment or administrative action for suspension or exclusion from government-sponsored programs. Both federal and state government agencies are continuing heightened and coordinated civil and criminal enforcement efforts. As part of announced enforcement agency work plans, the federal government will continue to scrutinize, among other things, the billing practices of hospitals and other providers of health care services. The federal government also has increased funding to fight health care fraud, and it is coordinating its enforcement efforts among various agencies, such as the U.S. Department of Justice, the Office of Inspector General and state Medicaid fraud control units. We believe that the health care industry will continue to be subject to increased government scrutiny and investigations.
Federal False Claims Act
Another trend affecting the health care industry is the increased use of the federal False Claims Act and, in particular, actions under the False Claims Act’s “relator” or “whistleblower” provisions. Those provisions allow a private individual to bring actions on behalf of the government alleging that the defendant has defrauded the federal government. After the individual has initiated the lawsuit, the government must decide whether to intervene in the lawsuit and become the primary prosecutor. If the government declines to join the lawsuit, then the individual may choose to pursue the case alone, in which case the individual’s counsel will have primary control over the prosecution, although the government must be kept apprised of the progress of the lawsuit. Whether or not the federal government intervenes in the case, it will receive the majority of any recovery. If the litigation is successful, the individual is entitled to no less than 15%, but no more than 30%, of whatever amount the government recovers. The percentage of the individual’s recovery varies, depending on whether the government intervened in the case and other factors. Recently, the number of suits brought against health care providers by private individuals has increased dramatically. In addition, most states have enacted or are considering enacting laws modeled after the federal False Claims Act. Under the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, states are being encouraged to adopt false claims acts similar to the federal False Claims Act, which establish liability for submission of fraudulent claims to the state Medicaid programs and contain whistleblower provisions. Even in instances when a whistleblower action is dismissed with no judgment or settlement, we may incur substantial legal fees and other costs relating to an investigation. Future actions under the False Claims Act
may result in significant fines and legal fees, which would adversely affect our financial performance and our ability to operate our business.
Further, the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009 expands the types of entities and conduct subject to the False Claims Act. We strive to ensure that we meet applicable regulatory requirements and guidance. However, the costs of defending claims under the False Claims Act, as well as sanctions imposed under the Act, could significantly adversely affect our financial performance.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
In addition to creating the new federal statutes discussed above, HIPAA also establishes uniform standards governing the conduct of certain electronic health care transactions and protecting the security and privacy of individually identifiable health information maintained or transmitted by health care providers, health plans and health care clearinghouses.
The HITECH Act of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, signed into law on February 17, 2009, dramatically expanded, among other things, (i) the scope of HIPAA to also include “business associates,” or independent contractors who receive or obtain protected health information in connection with providing a service to the covered entity, (ii) substantive security and privacy obligations, including new federal security breach notification requirements to affected individuals and Department of Health and Human Services and potentially media outlets, (iii) restrictions on marketing communications and a prohibition on covered entities or business associates from receiving remuneration in exchange for protected health information and (iv) the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed for HIPAA violations, increasing the annual cap in penalties from $25,000 to $1.5 million per year. We believe we are neither a HIPAA-defined “covered entity” nor a “business associate,” and therefore are not presently subject to HIPAA’s privacy and security standards. It is possible that future changes in our operations or the law could subject us to HIPAA’s privacy and security requirements and penalty provisions if we failed to comply. In addition to federal regulations issued under HIPAA, some states have enacted privacy and security statutes or regulations that, in some cases, are more stringent than those issued under HIPAA. In those cases it may be necessary to modify our operations and procedures to comply with the more stringent state laws, which may entail significant and costly changes for us. We believe that we are in compliance with such state laws and regulations. However, if we fail to comply with applicable state laws and regulations, we could be subject to additional sanctions.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010
Political, economic and regulatory influences are subjecting the health care industry to potential fundamental changes that could substantially affect our results of operations. Government and private sector initiatives to limit the growth of health care costs, including price regulation, competitive pricing, coverage and payment policies, comparative effectiveness of therapies, technology assessments and alternative payment models, are continuing in many countries where we do business, including the United States. These changes are causing the marketplace to put increased emphasis on the delivery of more cost-effective treatments. Our strategic initiatives include measures to address this trend; however, there can be no assurance that any of our strategic measures will successfully address this trend.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “Affordable Care Act”) were enacted into law in the United States in March 2010. As a U.S. headquartered company that expects significant future sales in the United States once the C-Pulse System is approved for sale, this health care reform law will materially impact us. Certain provisions of the law just recently became, or are not yet effective, and there are many programs and requirements for which the details have not yet been fully established or consequences not fully understood. On June 28, 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the law’s mandate requiring individuals to purchase health insurance but rejected specific provisions that would have penalized states that did not expand their current Medicaid programs. As a result of this ruling and other factors, we expect implementation of most of the major provisions of the law to continue, some of which (e.g., comparative effectiveness research, an independent payment advisory board, and pilot programs to evaluate alternative payment methodologies) could meaningfully change the way health care is developed and delivered, and may adversely affect our business and results of operations. Further, we cannot predict what health care programs and regulations will be ultimately implemented at the federal or state level, or the effect of any future legislation or regulation in the United States or internationally. However, any changes that lower reimbursements, reduce medical procedure volumes or increase cost containment pressures on us or other participants in the health care industry could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Sunshine Act
The Affordable Care Act also includes provisions known as the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, which requires manufacturers of drugs, biologics, devices and medical supplies covered under Medicare and Medicaid starting in 2012 to record any transfers of value to physicians and teaching hospitals. Implementing regulations have required us to collect this data beginning in August 2013 for reporting to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in 2014 for subsequent public disclosure. Manufacturers must also
disclose investment interests held by physicians and their family members. Similar reporting requirements have also been enacted on the state level domestically, and an increasing number of countries worldwide either have adopted or are considering similar laws requiring transparency of interactions with health care professionals. In addition, some states such as Massachusetts and Vermont impose an outright ban on certain gifts to physicians. Violations of these laws may result in civil or criminal fines and/or penalties.
International Regulations
We are also subject to regulation in each of the foreign countries where we intend to conduct clinical research and distribute the C-Pulse System. These regulations relate to product standards, packaging and labeling requirements, import restrictions, tariff regulations, duties, tax requirements, and anti-bribery prohibitions. Many of the regulations applicable to our system in these countries are similar to those of the FDA. The national health or social security organizations of certain countries require our system to be qualified before it can be marketed in those countries.
The primary regulatory environment in Europe is that of the European Union, which consists of 28 member states. The European Union has adopted two directives that cover medical devices—Directive 93/42/EEC covering medical devices and Directive 90/385/EEC for active implantable medical devices—as well as numerous standards that govern and harmonize the national laws and standards regulating the design, manufacture, clinical studies, labeling, adverse event reporting and post-market surveillance activities for medical devices that are marketed in member states. The EU Commission is in the process of revising the Directives and we may face more strenuous requirements in the EU in the future. Medical devices that comply with the requirements of the national law of the member state in which they are first marketed will be entitled to bear CE Marking, indicating that the device conforms to applicable regulatory requirements, and, accordingly, can be commercially marketed within European Union states and other countries that recognize this mark for regulatory purposes. We obtained CE Marking for the C-Pulse System in July 2012.
The regulatory agency in Canada is Health Canada. Medical Devices are governed under the Health Products and Food Branch in the office of the Therapeutic Products Directorate (TPD). The Medical Device regulation is SOR-98-282 which governs clinical studies. We are currently in the process of closing the investigational study at one clinical site in Canada.
Anti-Corruption/Anti-Bribery Laws
We are subject to the federal Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) and other countries’ anti-corruption/anti-bribery regimes, such as the U.K. Bribery Act. The FCPA prohibits improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Safeguards we implement to discourage improper payments or offers of payments by our employees, consultants, sales agents or distributors may be ineffective, and violations of the FCPA and similar laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, or other liabilities or proceedings against us, any of which would likely harm our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
Other Regulations
We are also subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to such matters as safe working conditions, laboratory and manufacturing practices and the use, handling and disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances used in connection with our research and development and manufacturing activities. Specifically, the manufacture of our biomaterials is subject to compliance with federal environmental regulations and by various state and local agencies. Although we believe we are in compliance with these laws and regulations in all material respects, we cannot provide assurance that we will not be required to incur significant costs to comply with environmental laws or regulations in the future.
Employees
As of December 31, 2015, we had 38 employees, consisting of 37 full-time and 1 part-time employees. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We consider relations with our employees to be good.
Corporate Information
Sunshine Heart, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on August 22, 2002. We began operating our business in November 1999 through Sunshine Heart Company Pty Limited, which currently is a wholly owned Australian subsidiary of Sunshine Heart, Inc. In September of 2004, Chess Depositary Instruments (“CDIs”) representing beneficial ownership of our common stock began trading on the Australian Securities Exchange (the “ASX”) under the symbol “SHC.” Initially, each CDI represented one share of our common stock. In connection with the 1-for-200 reverse stock split we affected on January 27, 2012, we changed this ratio so that each CDI represented 1/200th of a share of our common stock.
On September 30, 2011, we filed a Form 10 registration statement with the SEC, which was declared effective on February 14, 2012. The Form 10 registered our common stock under the Exchange Act. Our common stock began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market (“NASDAQ”) on February 16, 2012.
On February 5, 2013, we received conditional approval from the ASX to delist from the official list of the ASX. The delisting occurred at the close of trading on May 6, 2013.
Our principal executive offices are located at 12988 Valley View Road, Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344, and our telephone number is (952) 345-4200. Our website address is www.sunshineheart.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and, going forward, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Exchange Act will be made available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The information on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference into and should not be considered a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to U.S. public companies. These provisions include an exemption from the attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting by our independent auditors pursuant to section 404 (b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The provisions of the JOBS Act do not preclude us from the requirement to make our own internal assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.
We may take advantage of these provisions for up to five years following our initial public offering or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We will cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenue, have more than $700 million in market value of our shares of common stock held by non-affiliates, or issue more than $1 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period. We may choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced requirements. In addition, the JOBS Act permits emerging growth companies to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to U.S. public companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period, and as a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with new or revised accounting standards for U.S. public companies.
Our business faces many risks. We believe the risks described below are the material risks we face. However, the risks described below may not be the only risks we face. Additional unknown risks or risks that we currently consider immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of the events or circumstances described below actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could suffer, and the trading price of our shares of common stock could decline significantly. Investors should consider the specific risk factors discussed below, together with the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the other documents that we will file from time to time with the SEC.
Risks Relating to Our Business
We have incurred operating losses since our inception and anticipate that we will continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future.
We are an early-stage company with a history of incurring net losses. We have incurred net losses since our inception, including net losses of $26.6 million, $25.6 million, and $21.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, our accumulated deficit was $153.2 million. We do not have any products that have been approved for marketing in the United States, we have not established any sales capability outside of the United States, and we continue to incur research and development and general and administrative expenses related to our operations. We expect to continue to incur significant and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future as we incur costs associated with the conduct of clinical studies and our research and development programs (including, in particular, in connection with our next-generation, fully-implantable system and research regarding the potential neuromodulatory effect of the system), seek regulatory approvals, expand our sales and marketing capabilities, increase manufacturing of our system and comply with the requirements related to being a U.S. public company listed on NASDAQ. To become and remain profitable, we must succeed in developing and commercializing products with significant market potential. This will require us to succeed in a range of challenging activities, including conducting clinical studies, obtaining regulatory approvals, manufacturing products and marketing and selling commercial products. There can be no assurance that we will succeed in these activities, and we may never generate revenues sufficient to achieve profitability. If we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain it.
The report of our independent registered public accounting firm issued in connection with its audit of our financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 expresses substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We will need additional funding to continue operations, which may not be available to us on favorable terms or at all.
We have no products currently available for commercial sale in the United States and, although we have CE Mark, we have not commenced commercial sales in the European Union, and we have terminated enrollment in our OPTIONS HF clinical trial in the European Union. To date, we have generated only limited revenue from our clinical studies, and since we are no longer enrolling in our OPTIONS HF and COUNTER HF clinical trials, we have no current source of revenue to sustain our present activities. We do not expect to generate any revenue from clinical trials in during 2016. The report of our independent registered public accounting firm issued in connection with its audit of our financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 expresses substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. We expect to continue to incur significant and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future as we incur costs associated with the conduct of clinical studies and our research and development programs (including, in particular, in connection with our next-generation, fully-implantable system and research regarding the potential neuromodulatory effect of the system), seek regulatory approvals, expand our sales and marketing capabilities, increase manufacturing of our system and comply with the requirements related to being a U.S. public company listed on NASDAQ. Substantial additional funding will be needed and may not be available on terms favorable to us, or at all. In addition, the risk that we may not be able to continue as a going concern may make it more difficult to obtain necessary additional funding on terms favorable to us, or at all. We expect to seek additional financing during the second half of fiscal 2016. If we raise additional funding through the issuance of equity securities, our stockholders may suffer dilution and our ability to use our net operating losses to offset future income may be limited. If we raise additional funding through debt financing, we may be required to accept terms that restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness, require us to use our cash to make payments under such indebtedness, force us to maintain specified liquidity or other ratios or restrict our ability to pay dividends or make acquisitions. If we are unable to secure additional funding, our development programs and our commercialization efforts would be delayed, reduced or eliminated, our relationships with our suppliers and manufacturers may be harmed, and we may not be able to continue our operations.
Our near-term prospects are highly dependent on the development of a single product, the C-Pulse System. If we fail to obtain the regulatory approvals necessary to sell the C-Pulse System or fail to successfully commercialize this system, our business and prospects would be harmed significantly.
Our near-term prospects are highly dependent on the development of a single product, the C-Pulse System, and we have no other product candidates in active development at this time. We are in the process of pursuing regulatory approvals necessary to sell our system in the United States, which we believe has the largest market potential for our product. We completed enrollment of our North American feasibility clinical study in the first half of 2011. In November 2011, we announced the preliminary results of the six-month follow-up period for the feasibility study and we submitted the clinical data to the FDA. In March 2012, the FDA notified us that it had completed its review of the C-Pulse System feasibility study data and concluded we met the applicable agency requirements, and further indicated that we could move forward with an IDE application. In November 2012, the FDA provided us with unconditional approval to initiate a pivotal study. The COUNTER HF™ study was designed to enroll 388 patients randomized 1:1 to treatment (C-Pulse implantation) versus optimal medical therapy, at up to 40 participating hospitals and clinics. The primary efficacy endpoint of the study was defined as freedom from worsening heart failure resulting in hospitalization, LVAD implantation, cardiac transplantation or heart failure related death. We commenced enrollment in COUNTER HF in September 2013. In February 2015, we announced that we had received unconditional approval from the FDA to conduct an interim analysis of COUNTER HF, which could have reduced the overall duration of the trial. In March 2015, we announced that COUNTER HF had reached a pre-determined pausing point and we temporarily suspended enrollment in accordance with the study protocol. In May 2015, we announced that the FDA had approved resumption of patient enrollment in the study and we began the process of reactivating clinical sites and of resuming enrollment of patients into the study. We concluded 2015 with 66 enrollments, 35 randomizations, 29 activated centers, and 9 additional centers committed to participate. On March 3, 2016, we announced that we are no longer enrolling patients into the COUNTER HF and OPTIONS HF studies and that we plan to pursue a new strategic direction, as discussed under Part I, Item 1 “Business—Our Strategy” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain the regulatory approvals necessary to sell our system. In addition, even if we obtain such regulatory approvals, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully commercialize our system. If we fail to obtain the regulatory approvals necessary to sell our system or fail to successfully commercialize our system, our business and prospects would be harmed significantly.
We will need to raise additional capital in the future. If additional capital is not available, we will have to delay, reduce or cease operations.
Although we believe that our cash on hand will fund our operations until sometime in the second half of 2016 while remaining in compliance with the terms of our loan agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, we need to raise additional capital to continue to fund the further development of the C-Pulse System and our operations thereafter. As such, we expect to seek additional financing during the second half of 2016. Changing circumstances may cause us to consume capital significantly faster than we currently anticipate and could adversely affect our ability to raise additional capital. Additional financing may not be available when we need it or may not be available on terms that are favorable to us. If adequate funds are not available to us on a timely basis or at all, we may breach our liquidity covenant under our loan agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, in which case, we would be required to immediately pledge to the bank and thereafter maintain in a separate account, unrestricted cash in an amount equal to 50% of the amount then outstanding under the loan agreement. If adequate funds are not available to us on a timely basis or at all, we would likely be required to significantly reduce our operations and may not be able to continue the development of the C-Pulse System.
We may not be able to correctly estimate or control our future operating expenses, which could lead to cash shortfalls.
Our operating expenses may fluctuate significantly in the future as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. These factors include:
· the time and resources required to further develop, conduct clinical studies, and obtain reimbursement and regulatory approvals for, our products;
· the expenses we incur for the research and development required to maintain and improve our system, develop the next-generation, fully-implantable system and research the potential neuromodulatory effect of the system;
· the costs of preparing, filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing patent claims and other patent related costs, including litigation costs and the results of such litigation;
· the expenses we incur in connection with commercialization activities, including marketing, sales and distribution;
· our sales strategy and whether the revenues from sales of our system will be sufficient to offset our expenses;
· the costs to attract and retain personnel with the skills required for effective operations; and
· the costs associated with being a public company.
We may be unable to reduce our expenditures in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected shortfall in financing. Accordingly, a significant shortfall in available financing could have an immediate and material impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our loan agreement subjects us to operating restrictions and financial covenants that impose risk of default and may restrict our business and financing activities.
As of December 31, 2015, we had $8.0 million outstanding under our loan and security agreement with Silicon Valley Bank. Borrowings under this agreement are secured by a security interest in all of our assets and our current and future subsidiaries, including a security interest in intellectual property proceeds, but excluding a current security interest in intellectual property. The agreement contains customary representations (tested on a continual basis) and covenants that, subject to exceptions, restrict our ability to do the following things: declare dividends or redeem or repurchase equity interests; incur additional liens; make loans and investments; incur additional indebtedness; engage in mergers, acquisitions, and asset sales; transact with affiliates; undergo a change in control; add or change business locations; and engage in businesses that are not related to its existing business. In December 2015, we agreed to an amendment of the loan agreement that removed the requirement to raise a minimum of $20.0 million in unencumbered net cash proceeds from the issuance and sale of our equity securities by March 31, 2016 but added a liquidity covenant requiring us to maintain cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal to or greater than eight times our monthly cash burn amount.
These covenants may restrict our ability to finance our operations and to pursue our business activities and strategies. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control. If we are not compliant with certain covenants, there is no guarantee that the bank will waive any noncompliance or agree to amend certain covenants in the future. If a default were to occur and not be waived, such default could cause, among other remedies, all of the outstanding indebtedness under our loan agreement to become immediately due and payable. In such an event, our liquid assets might not be sufficient to meet our repayment obligations, and we might be forced to liquidate collateral assets at unfavorable prices or our assets may be foreclosed upon and sold at unfavorable valuations.
We depend on a limited number of manufacturers and suppliers of various critical components for the C-Pulse System. The loss of any of these manufacturer or supplier relationships could delay future clinical studies or prevent or delay commercialization of the C-Pulse System.
We rely on third parties to manufacture the C-Pulse System and to supply us with all of the critical components of the C-Pulse System, including the balloon, driver, cuff and interface lead. We primarily purchase our components and products on a purchase order basis and do not “second source” any components of our system. If one or more of the suppliers of the components used in our system were unable or unwilling to meet our demand for such components or faced financial or business difficulties in general, or if the components or finished products provided by any of our suppliers do not meet quality and other specifications, clinical studies or commercialization of our system could be delayed and our expenses could increase. Moreover, if any of the suppliers were unable or unwilling to perform, we would be required to find alternative sources for the components provided by such supplier, and there can be no assurance that we would be able to find a replacement supplier on a timely basis, or at all. In particular, the balloon used in our system is highly specialized and is currently solely available from a single supplier. If the manufacturer of the balloon were unable or unwilling to supply this component for any reason, we would have to locate and qualify another supplier and such supplier and its balloon product would have to be qualified under FDA and European regulations and would require FDA and European submissions, such as IDE supplements, PMA supplements and change notifications. Since there is currently no other supplier in the industry, locating and qualifying another supplier could cause significant production delays, causing us to lose revenues and market share and to potentially suffer increased costs and damage to our reputation. Additionally, even if we are able to find a replacement supplier of any of the components used in our system, we may face additional regulatory delays, and the manufacture and delivery of the C-Pulse System could be interrupted for an extended period of time and become significantly more expensive. This could delay completion of future clinical studies or commercialization of the C-Pulse System and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, we may be required to use different suppliers or components to obtain regulatory approval from the FDA or other regulatory agencies.
If our manufacturers or our suppliers are unable to provide an adequate supply of our system if our system is approved for commercialization, our growth could be limited and our business could be harmed.
In order to produce the C-Pulse System in the quantities that may be required to meet market demand if the system is approved for commercialization, we will need our manufacturers to increase, or scale-up, the production process by a significant factor over the current level of production. There are technical challenges to scaling-up manufacturing capacity and developing commercial-scale manufacturing facilities that may require the investment of substantial additional funds by our manufacturers and hiring and retaining additional management and technical personnel who have the necessary manufacturing experience. If our manufacturers are unable to do so, we may not be able to meet the requirements for the launch of the system or to meet future demand, if at all. We also may represent only a small portion of our supplier’s or manufacturer’s business, and if they become capacity constrained they may choose to allocate their available resources to other customers that represent a larger portion of their businesses. We currently anticipate that we will continue to rely on third-party manufacturers and suppliers for the production of the C-Pulse System if our system is approved for commercialization. If we obtain regulatory approval for our system and are unable to obtain a sufficient supply of our system, our revenue, business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects would be harmed.
If we are unable to manage our expected growth, we may not be able to commercialize our system.
We expect to expand our operations and grow our research and development, product development, regulatory, manufacturing, sales, marketing and administrative operations in connection with a new strategic direction in the future and as our development of our system progresses. This expansion places a significant strain on our management and operational and financial resources. To manage any growth and to commercialize our system, if approved, we will be required to improve existing and implement new operational and financial systems, procedures and controls and expand, train and manage our growing employee base. In addition, we will need to manage relationships with various manufacturers, suppliers and other organizations. Our ability to manage our operations and growth will require us to improve our operational, financial and management controls, as well as our internal reporting systems and controls, all of which will involve significant expense. We may not be able to implement such improvements to our management information and internal control systems in an efficient and timely manner and may discover deficiencies in existing systems and controls. Our failure to accomplish any of these tasks could materially harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We compete against many companies, some of which have longer operating histories, more established products and greater resources than we do, which may prevent us from achieving further market penetration or improving operating results.
Competition from medical device companies and medical device divisions of health care companies, as well as pharmaceutical companies and gene- and cell-based therapies is intense and is expected to increase. Our system will compete against therapies, including pharmacological therapies, as well as other medical device competitors that treat or may treat in the future Class III or
ambulatory Class IV heart failure patients, including Berlin HeartGmbH, HeartWare International Inc., Jarvik Heart, Inc., ReliantHeart, Inc., and St. Jude Medical Corporation, as well as a range of other specialized medical device companies with devices at varying stages of development. Some of these competitors have significantly greater financial and human resources than we do and have established reputations, as well as worldwide distribution channels and sales and marketing capabilities that are significantly larger and more established than ours. Additional competitors may enter the market, and we are likely to compete with new companies in the future. We also face competition from other medical therapies which may focus on our target market as well as competition from manufacturers of pharmaceutical and other devices that have not yet been developed. Competition from these companies could harm our business. In addition, because our system has been implanted in a limited number of patients to date, all of the material risks and potential competitive disadvantages of our system are not necessarily known at this time.
Our ability to compete effectively depends upon our ability to distinguish our Company and our system from our competitors and their products. Factors affecting our competitive position include:
· financial resources;
· product performance and design;
· product safety;
· acceptance of our system in the marketplace;
· sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;
· manufacturing and assembly costs;
· pricing of our system and of our competitors’ products;
· the availability of reimbursement from government and private health insurers;
· success and timing of new product development and introductions;
· regulatory approvals in the United States; and
· intellectual property protection.
We currently have limited sales, marketing or established distribution operations and will need to expand our expertise in these areas.
We currently have limited sales, marketing or established distribution operations and, in connection with the expected commercialization of our system, will need to expand our expertise in these areas. To increase internal sales, distribution and marketing expertise and be able to conduct these operations, we would have to invest significant amounts of financial and management resources. In developing these functions ourselves, we could face a number of risks, including:
· we may not be able to attract and build an effective marketing or sales force;
· the cost of establishing, training and providing regulatory oversight for a marketing or sales force may be substantial; and
· there are significant legal and regulatory risks in medical device marketing and sales that we have never faced, and any failure to comply with applicable legal and regulatory requirements for sales, marketing and distribution could result in an enforcement action by the FDA, European regulators or other authorities that could jeopardize our ability to market the system or could subject us to substantial liability.
We previously pursued a post-market clinical study in certain European countries in addition to the United States. We plan to seek approval to commercialize our system outside of the United States, which exposes us to risks associated with international operations.
We plan to commercialize our system outside of the United States and previously pursued a post-market clinical study in certain European countries in addition to the United States, although we are no longer enrolling patients in our OPTIONS HF study. Conducting international operations subjects us to risks, including:
· costs of complying with varying regulatory requirements and potential, unexpected changes to those requirements;
· fluctuations in and management of currency exchange rates;
· difficulties in selling in countries where other companies and their products may be more established, have greater brand recognition and a history of selling multiple product lines to our target customers;
· potentially adverse tax consequences, including the complexities of foreign value added tax systems and restrictions on the repatriation of earnings;
· government-imposed pricing controls on sales of our system;
· longer payment cycles and difficulties in collecting accounts receivable;
· difficulties in managing and staffing international operations;
· the burdens of complying with a wide variety of non-U.S. laws and legal standards;
· increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities; and
· reduced or varied protection for intellectual property rights in some countries.
The occurrence of any one of these risks could negatively affect our international operations. Additionally, operating in international markets also requires significant management attention and financial resources. We cannot be certain that our operations in other countries will produce desired levels of revenues or profitability.
The competition for qualified personnel is particularly intense in our industry. If we are unable to retain or hire key personnel, we may not be able to sustain or grow our business.
Our ability to operate successfully and manage our potential future growth depends significantly upon our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled and qualified research, technical, clinical, regulatory, sales, marketing, managerial and financial personnel. We face intense competition for such personnel, and we may not be able to attract, retain and motivate these individuals. We compete for talent with numerous companies, as well as universities and nonprofit research organizations. Our future success also depends on the personal efforts and abilities of the principal members of our senior management and scientific staff to provide strategic direction, manage our operations and maintain a cohesive and stable environment. We do not maintain key man life insurance on the lives of any of the members of our senior management. The loss of key personnel for any reason or our inability to hire, retain and motivate additional qualified personnel in the future could prevent us from sustaining or growing our business.
Product defects could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The design, manufacture and marketing of medical devices involve certain inherent risks. Manufacturing or design defects, unanticipated use of a product or inadequate disclosure of risks relating to the use of the product can lead to injury or other adverse events. These events could lead to recalls or safety alerts relating to a product (either voluntary or required by the FDA or similar governmental authorities in other countries), and could result, in certain cases, in the removal of a product from the market. Any recall of our system could result in significant costs, as well as negative publicity and damage to our reputation that could reduce demand for our system. Personal injuries relating to the use of our system could also result in product liability claims being brought against us. In some circumstances, such adverse events could also cause delays in new product approvals. As discussed under Part I, Item 1 “Business—Our Strategy” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are currently in the process of reviewing and making further improvements to our C-Pulse System in response to feedback received from patients and physicians. We may be unable to improve the C-Pulse System in ways that improve patient acceptance, including by Class III heart failure patients in particular. We are also working on improving the design of and further developing our fully-implantable system. Any one of these factors related to the current or future design of the C-Pulse System could substantially harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may be sued for product liability, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The design, manufacture and marketing of medical devices carries a significant risk of product liability claims. Our system treats Class III and ambulatory Class IV heart failure for patients who typically have serious medical issues. As a result, our exposure to product liability claims may be heightened because the people who use our system have a high risk of suffering adverse outcomes, regardless of the safety or efficacy of our system. In addition, because our system has been implanted in a limited number of patients to date, we cannot assure you that we are currently aware of all material risks related to use of our system or that could lead to product liability claims against us.
We may be held liable if any product we develop or commercialize causes injury or is found otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing, marketing, sale or consumer use. The safety studies we must perform and the regulatory approvals required to commercialize our system will not protect us from any such liability. We carry product liability insurance with a $10 million aggregate limit. However, if there are product liability claims against us, our insurance may be insufficient to cover the expense of defending against such claims, or may be insufficient to pay or settle such claims. Furthermore, we may be unable to obtain adequate product liability insurance coverage for commercial sales of any of our approved products. If such insurance is insufficient to protect us, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be harmed. If any product liability claim is made against us, our reputation and future sales will be damaged, even if we have adequate insurance coverage. Even if a product liability claim against us is without merit or if we are not found liable for any damages, a product liability claim could result in decreased interest in our clinical studies, decreased demand for our system, if approved for commercialization, injury to our reputation, diversion of management’s attention from operating our business, withdrawal of clinical study participants, significant costs of related litigation, loss of revenue or the inability to commercialize the C-Pulse System.
If we acquire other businesses, products or technologies, we will be subject to risks that could hurt our business.
We may pursue acquisitions to obtain complementary businesses, products or technologies. Any such acquisition may not produce the revenues, earnings or business synergies that we anticipate and an acquired business, product or technology might not perform as we expect. Our management could spend a significant amount of time, effort and money in identifying, pursuing and completing the acquisition. If we complete an acquisition, we may encounter significant difficulties and incur substantial expenses in integrating the operations and personnel of the acquired businesses, products or technologies into our operations. In particular, we may lose the services of key employees and we may make changes in management that impair the acquired business’s relationships with employees, vendors and customers. Additionally, we may acquire development-stage companies that are not yet profitable and which require continued investment, which could decrease our future earnings or increase our futures losses.
Any of these outcomes could prevent us from realizing the anticipated benefits of an acquisition. To pay for an acquisition, we might use stock or cash. Alternatively, we might borrow money from a bank or other lender. If we use stock, our stockholders would experience dilution of their ownership interests. If we use cash or debt financing, our financial liquidity would be reduced. As a result of our annual impairment testing, we may be required to capitalize a significant amount of intangibles, including goodwill, which may lead to significant amortization or write-off charges. These amortization charges and write-offs could decrease our future earnings or increase our future losses.
Risks Relating to Regulation
We do not have FDA approval for our system and our success will depend heavily on the success of any future clinical trials for the C-Pulse System. Any failure or significant delay in successfully completing our clinical trials or obtaining regulatory approvals could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and require us to seek additional funding.
Upon completion of the six-month follow-up period for our feasibility study, we submitted the study’s clinical data to the FDA in November 2011. In November 2012, the FDA provided us with unconditional approval to initiate a pivotal study. The COUNTER HF study was designed to enroll 388 patients randomized 1:1 to treatment (C-Pulse implantation) versus optimal medical therapy, at up to 40 participating hospitals and clinics. The primary efficacy endpoint of the study is defined as freedom from worsening heart failure resulting in hospitalization, LVAD implantation, cardiac transplantation or heart failure related death. We commenced enrollment in the U.S. Counter HF study in September 2013. In February 2015, we announced that we had received unconditional approval from the FDA to conduct an interim analysis of COUNTER HF, which could have reduced the overall duration of the trial. In March 2015, we announced that COUNTER HF had reached a pre-determined pausing point and we temporarily suspended enrollment in accordance with the study protocol. In May 2015, we announced that the FDA had approved the resumption of patient enrollment in the study and we began the process of reactivating clinical sites and of resuming patient enrollment into the study. We concluded 2015 with 66 enrollments, 35 randomizations, 29 activated centers and 9 additional centers committed to participate. As we evaluated the pace of enrollment into our pivotal and post market studies, we determined that enrolling these studies would take much longer than anticipated as a result of the invasiveness of the implant procedure and requirements imposed by the trial design. As a result, on March
3, 2016 we announced that we are no longer enrolling patients into the COUNTER HF and OPTIONS HF studies and that we plan to pursue a new strategic direction, as discussed under Part I, Item 1 “Business—Our Strategy” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Due to the termination of the studies, our costs associated with our clinical trials will decrease in the short term, but we expect our future operating expenses to increase as we conduct further studies and focus on the development of our fully-implantable system in order to obtain regulatory approvals and commercialize the C-Pulse System, if we are able to do so at all. FDA scrutiny of IDE applications has intensified in recent years, increasing the risk of future delay or failure.
In addition to successfully completing studies in the U.S., we will need to receive approval in each country outside the European Union in which we seek to sell our system. Approval procedures vary among countries and can involve additional product testing and additional administrative review periods. The time required to obtain approval varies from country to country and approval in one country does not ensure regulatory approval in another. In addition, a failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approval in one country may negatively impact the regulatory process in others. We cannot assure when, or if, we will be able to commence sales in any jurisdiction within or outside the United States.
If we are unable to complete necessary studies, or experience significant delays in any future studies, or if the results of our future studies do not meet safety and efficacy endpoints, our ability to obtain regulatory approval to commercialize our system and to generate revenues will be significantly harmed.
We will need to obtain FDA approval to commercialize our system in the United States.
We will need to obtain FDA approval to commercialize our system in the United States, which will require us to conduct clinical studies in the United States and to complete those studies successfully. If we fail to obtain approval from the FDA, we will not be able to market and sell our system in the United States, which we believe is the largest potential market for the C-Pulse System. We do not currently have the necessary regulatory approvals to commercialize the C-Pulse System in the United States. We can offer no assurance that our clinical studies will be successful or that we will ever obtain FDA approval of the C-Pulse System or any future products.
In order to obtain FDA approval for the C-Pulse System, we will be required to receive a PMA from the FDA. A PMA must be supported by data from pre-clinical and clinical studies to demonstrate safety and efficacy. A clinical study will be required to support an application for a PMA, and we received FDA approval of our IDE application in November 2012 that allowed us to commence a clinical study in the United States. Enrollment in our U.S. pivotal study began in September2013. On March 3, 2016, we announced that we are no longer enrolling patients into our U.S. pivotal study. In order to support an application for a PMA, we will need to receive approval from the FDA of a new IDE application in the future for a new pivotal study. There is no guaranty that we will receive approval for such a study or that any such study will meet its objectives or end-points to show the safety and efficacy of our system so as to support an application for a PMA. As discussed under Part I, Item 1 “Business—Our Strategy” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we are currently in the process of reviewing and making further improvements to our C-Pulse System in response to feedback received from patients and physicians. We are also working to improve the design of our next-generation, fully-implantable system.
The process of obtaining approval for a pivotal study and for a PMA from the FDA for the C-Pulse System, or any future products or enhancements or modifications to the C-Pulse System or any other product we may pursue in the future, will:
· take a significant period of time;
· require the expenditure of substantial resources;
· involve rigorous pre-clinical and clinical testing; and
· require submissions to the FDA, such as IDE or PMA supplements;
and may:
· require changes to the product; or
· result in failure to support approval of the product or limitations on the indicated uses of the product.
Increased attention to safety and oversight issues in light of recent, widely publicized events concerning the safety of certain food, drug and medical device products could cause the FDA to take a more cautious approach in connection with approvals for devices such as ours, which could delay or prevent FDA approval of the C-Pulse System.
There can be no assurance that we will receive the required approvals from the FDA or, if we do receive the required approvals, that we will receive them on a timely basis. The failure to receive product approval by the FDA would significantly harm our business, results of operations or financial condition.
On March 3, 2016, we announced that we are no longer enrolling patients in our U.S. pivotal study. In order to support an application for a PMA, we will need to receive approval from the FDA of a new IDE application in the future for a new pivotal study. We may be unable to complete such a study for the C-Pulse System or other clinical studies, which could prevent or delay regulatory approval of the C-Pulse System and impair our financial position.
Conducting clinical studies is a complex and uncertain process.
Completion of enrollment of any future U.S. pivotal study could be delayed for a variety of reasons, including:
· receiving approval from the FDA of a new IDE application;
· reaching agreement on acceptable terms with prospective clinical study sites;
· manufacturing sufficient quantities of the C-Pulse System;
· obtaining institutional review board approval to conduct the study at a prospective site; and
· obtaining sufficient patient enrollment, which is a function of many factors, including the size of the patient population, the nature of the protocol, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the study and the willingness of patients to be enrolled in our study.
In addition, the completion of the study and our other ongoing clinical studies could be delayed, suspended or terminated for several reasons, including:
· ongoing discussions with regulatory authorities regarding the scope or design of our pre-clinical results or clinical study or requests for supplemental information with respect to our pre-clinical results or clinical study results;
· our or our clinical sites’ failure or inability to conduct the clinical studies in accordance with regulatory requirements;
· sites currently participating in the study may drop out of the study, which may require us to engage new sites or petition the FDA for an expansion of the number of sites that are permitted to be involved in the study;
· patients may not achieve the required clinical end-points of the study;
· patients may not wish to enroll, remain in or complete clinical studies at the rates we expect;
· patients may experience serious adverse events or side effects during the study, which, whether or not related to our system, could cause the FDA or other regulatory authorities to place the clinical study on hold; and
· clinical investigators may not perform clinical studies on our anticipated schedule or consistent with the clinical study protocol and good clinical practice requirements.
If any future pivotal study is delayed, it will take us longer to ultimately commercialize a product or result in our being unable to do so. Our development costs will also increase if we have material delays in our pivotal study or if we need to perform more or larger clinical studies than planned. Moreover, there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully complete, or achieve the desired clinical end-points from, a pivotal study at all, which could prevent us from receiving regulatory approval for the C-Pulse System altogether. Any of the foregoing could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and cause us to seek additional funding.
If we are not able to improve the design of the C-Pulse System and design and implement a beneficial revised regulatory pathway, the anticipated benefits and cost savings of our change in strategic focus may not be realized or may take longer to realize than expected, and the value of our common stock may be adversely affected.
Specifically, risks related to our shift in strategic focus include, among other things:
· that the FDA may not approve our requests and applications related to our new clinical strategy;
· that we may be unable to redesign our C-Pulse System in a way that increases patient acceptance;
· that we may be unable to design our next-generation, fully implantable system in a way that causes it to be accepted in the marketplace;
· that we may lose the support of our investigators as a result of the cessation of enrollment in our studies and may not be able to garner that support for our revised clinical and product development strategy; and
· that the use of our CE mark may be limited in the EU if we do not complete a post-market study.
In addition, the shifts in our strategic focus may result in additional or unforeseen expenses, and the anticipated cost reduction benefits may not be realized. There is also no guarantee that we will successfully develop and execute a new strategic plan and our financial performance will likely suffer if we are unable to do so.
If we fail to obtain an adequate level of reimbursement for our system by third-party payers, there may be no commercially viable markets for our system or the markets may be much smaller than expected.
The availability and levels of reimbursement by governmental and other third-party payers significantly affect the market for our system. Reimbursement by third-party payers in the United States typically is based on the device’s perceived benefit and whether it is deemed medically reasonable and necessary. Reimbursement levels of third-party payers in the United States are also based on established payment formulas that take into account part or all of the cost associated with these devices and the related procedures performed. We cannot assure you the level of reimbursement we might obtain in the United States, if any, for our system. If we do not obtain adequate levels of reimbursement for our system by third-party payers in the United States, which we believe is the largest potential market for our system, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects would be harmed.
Reimbursement and health care payment systems in international markets vary significantly by country, and include both government-sponsored health care and private insurance. To obtain reimbursement or pricing approval in some countries, we may be required to produce additional clinical data, which may involve one or more additional clinical studies, that compares the cost-effectiveness of our system to other available therapies. We may not obtain international reimbursement or pricing approvals in a timely manner, if at all. We do not currently plan to commercialize the C-Pulse System in any country unless the product is approved for reimbursement. Our failure to receive international reimbursement or pricing approvals would significantly harm our operations, financial condition and prospects.
We believe that future reimbursement may be subject to increased restrictions both in the United States and in international markets. Future legislation, regulation or reimbursement policies of third-party payers may adversely affect the demand for the C-Pulse System and limit our ability to sell the C-Pulse System or any future products on a profitable basis. In addition, third-party payers continually attempt to contain or reduce the costs of health care by challenging the prices charged for health care products and services. If reimbursement for our system is unavailable in any market or limited in scope or amount, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, market acceptance of our system would be significantly impaired and our future revenues, if any, would be significantly harmed.
We depend on clinical investigators and clinical sites to enroll patients in our clinical studies, and on other third parties to manage the studies and to perform related data collection and analysis, and, as a result, we may face costs and delays that are outside of our control.
We have and plan to continue to rely on clinical investigators and clinical sites to enroll patients in our clinical studies and other third parties to manage the related data collection and analysis. While we are obligated by regulation to monitor the sites for compliance, we have limited oversight over the clinical investigators and sites and cannot control the amount and timing of resources that clinical sites may devote to our clinical studies. If these clinical investigators and clinical sites fail to enroll a sufficient number of patients in our clinical studies, to ensure compliance by patients with clinical protocols or to comply with regulatory requirements, we will be unable to complete these studies, which could prevent us from obtaining regulatory approvals for our system. Our agreements with clinical investigators and clinical study sites for clinical testing place substantial responsibilities on these parties and, if these parties fail to perform as expected, our studies could be delayed or terminated. If sites fail to meet FDA requirements in conducting the studies, we can be held responsible. If these clinical investigators, clinical sites or other third parties do not carry out their contractual duties or obligations or fail to meet expected deadlines, or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is compromised
due to their failure to adhere to our clinical protocols, regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our clinical studies may be extended, delayed or terminated, or the clinical data may be rejected by the FDA, our costs will increase and we may be unable to obtain regulatory approval for, or successfully commercialize, our system.
Our manufacturers and suppliers might not meet regulatory quality standards applicable to manufacturing and quality processes, which could harm our financial results and prospects.
Even if our system receives marketing approval, product approvals by the FDA can be withdrawn due to failure to comply with regulatory standards. We rely on third parties to manufacture the C-Pulse System. We are required to demonstrate and maintain compliance with the applicable QSR by controlling our suppliers and requiring that they manufacture in conformance with the QSR. A contractor that manufactures a completed device for us is directly subject to the QSR but we also are held responsible by the FDA. A contractor that manufactures a component is not subject to the QSR. In those cases we are responsible to the FDA for requiring by contract that the component meet QSR standards. The QSR is a complex regulatory scheme that covers the methods and documentation of the design, testing, control, manufacturing, labeling, quality assurance, packaging, storage and shipping of our system. The FDA enforces the QSR through periodic unannounced inspections. Compliance with applicable regulatory requirements is subject to continual review and is rigorously monitored through periodic inspections by the FDA. A failure by our manufacturers to comply with the QSR or to take satisfactory corrective action in response to an adverse QSR inspection could cause a significant delay in our ability to have our system manufactured and to complete our clinical studies and could significantly increase our costs, which would harm our financial results and our prospects. In addition, suppliers of components of, and products used to manufacture, our system must also comply with FDA and foreign regulatory requirements, which often require significant time, money and record-keeping and quality assurance efforts and subject us and our suppliers to potential regulatory inspections and stoppages. We are also subject to the international standard ISO 13485 in other jurisdictions. Like the QSR, ISO 13485 holds us responsible under the Purchasing Controls section for obtaining compliance with the standard by all of our suppliers.
We plan to operate in multiple regulatory environments that require costly and time consuming approvals.
Even if we obtain regulatory approvals to commercialize the C-Pulse System or any other product that we may develop in one jurisdiction, sales of our system in other jurisdictions will be subject to regulatory requirements that vary from country to country. The time and cost required to obtain approvals from these countries may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA approval and may otherwise differ from those of the FDA. Laws and regulations regarding the manufacture and sale of our system are subject to future changes, as are administrative interpretations and policies of regulatory agencies. If we fail to comply with applicable foreign, federal, state or local market laws or regulations or administrative interpretations and policies of regulatory agencies, we could be precluded from commercializing our system in those countries and could become subject to enforcement actions. Enforcement actions could include product seizures, recalls, withdrawal of clearances or approvals and civil and criminal penalties, which in each case would harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Legislative or regulatory reforms may adversely affect our ability to sell the C-Pulse System profitably.
From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in Congress that could significantly change the statutory provisions governing the clearance or approval, manufacture and marketing of a medical device. In addition, FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the agency in ways that may significantly affect our business and the C-Pulse System. It is impossible to predict whether legislative changes will be enacted or FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations will be changed, and what the impact of such changes, if any, may be. For example, the FDA may change its clearance and approval policies, adopt additional regulations or revise existing regulations, or take other actions that may prevent or delay approval or clearance of the C-Pulse System. For example, in 2011, the FDA announced a Plan of Action to modernize and improve the FDA’s premarket review of medical devices, and has implemented, and continues to implement, reforms intended to streamline the premarket review process. In addition, as part of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act of 2012, Congress enacted several reforms entitled the Medical Device Regulatory Improvements and additional miscellaneous provisions which will further affect medical device regulation both pre- and post-approval. Any change in the laws or regulations that govern the approval processes relating to the C-Pulse System could make it more difficult and costly to obtain approval for the C-Pulse System. Other jurisdictions might change approval regulations that could affect marketability of the C-Pulse System. For example, the European Union is modifying the Medical Device Directive and the Active Implantable Directive, which will increase requirements on devices such as the C-Pulse System.
The C-Pulse System may never achieve market acceptance even if we obtain regulatory approvals.
Even if we obtain regulatory approvals to commercialize the C-Pulse System, our next-generation, fully-implantable system or any other product that we may develop, our products may not gain market acceptance among physicians, patients, third-party health care payers or the medical community. The degree of market acceptance of any of the devices that we may develop will depend on a number of factors, including:
· the perceived effectiveness and price of the product;
· the prevalence and severity of any side effects;
· the invasiveness of the implant procedure;
· the reliability of the product;
· the impact of the device on the lifestyle of the patient;
· potential advantages over alternative treatments;
· the strength of marketing and distribution support; and
· sufficient third-party coverage or reimbursement.
If the C-Pulse System, our next-generation, fully-implantable system or any other product that we may develop, is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party health care payers and the medical community, we may not generate product revenue and we may not become profitable or be able to sustain profitability.
We may be subject, directly or indirectly, to U.S. federal and state health care fraud and abuse and false claims laws and regulations. Prosecutions under such laws have increased in recent years and we may become subject to such litigation. If we are unable to comply or have not fully complied with such laws, we could face substantial penalties.
If we are successful in achieving regulatory approval to market the C-Pulse System, our operations will be directly, or indirectly through our customers and health care professionals, subject to various U.S. federal and state fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, federal False Claims Act, and the FCPA. These laws may impact, among other things, our proposed sales, and marketing and education programs.
The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, offering, receiving or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing or arranging for a good or service, for which payment may be made under a federal health care program such as Medicare and Medicaid. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of an arrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal health care covered business, the statute has been violated. The Anti-Kickback Statute is broad and, despite a series of narrow safe harbors, prohibits many arrangements and practices that are lawful in businesses outside of the health care industry. Penalties for violations of the federal Anti-Kickback Statute include criminal penalties and civil and administrative sanctions such as fines, imprisonment and possible exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid and other federal health care programs. An alleged violation of the Anti-Kickback Statute may be used as a predicate offense to establish liability pursuant to other federal laws and regulations such as the federal False Claims Act. Many states have also adopted laws similar to the federal Anti-Kickback Statute, some of which apply to the referral of patients for health care items or services reimbursed by any source, not only the Medicare and Medicaid programs.
The federal False Claims Act prohibits persons from knowingly filing, or causing to be filed, a false claim to, or the knowing use of false statements to obtain payment from, the federal government. Suits filed under the False Claims Act, known as “qui tam” actions, can be brought by any individual on behalf of the government and such individuals, commonly known as “relators” or “whistleblowers,” may share in any amounts paid by the entity to the government in fines or settlement. The frequency of filing qui tam actions has increased significantly in recent years, causing greater numbers of medical device, pharmaceutical and health care companies to have to defend False Claim Act actions. The Affordable Care Act includes provisions expanding the ability of certain relators to bring actions that would have been previously dismissed under prior law. When an entity is determined to have violated the federal False Claims Act, it may be required to pay up to three times the actual damages sustained by the government, plus civil penalties for each separate false claim. The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 encouraged states to enact or modify their state false claims act to be at least as effective as the federal False Claims Act by granting states a portion of any federal Medicaid funds recovered through Medicaid-related actions. Most states have enacted state false claims laws, and many of those states included laws with qui tam provisions. States had until March 31, 2013 to enact or amend their false claims laws modeled after the federal False Claims Act for review and approval to receive a greater portion of any recovery.
The Affordable Care Act includes provisions known as the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, which require manufacturers of drugs, biologics, devices and medical supplies covered under Medicare and Medicaid starting in 2012 to record any transfers of value to physicians and teaching hospitals beginning in August2013 and to report to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services starting in 2014 for subsequent public disclosure. Manufacturers must also disclose investment interests held by physicians and their family members. Failure to submit the required information may result in civil monetary penalties of up to $1 million per year for knowing violations and may result in liability under other federal laws or regulations. Similar reporting requirements have also been enacted on the state level in the United States, and an increasing number of countries worldwide either have adopted or are considering similar laws requiring transparency of interactions with health care professionals. In addition, some states such as Massachusetts and Vermont impose an outright ban on certain gifts to physicians. If we receive FDA clearance to market our system in the United States, these laws could affect our promotional activities by limiting the kinds of interactions we could have with hospitals, physicians or other potential purchasers or users of our system. Both the disclosure laws and gift bans will impose administrative, cost and compliance burdens on us.
We are unable to predict whether we could be subject to actions under any of these laws, or the impact of such actions. If we are found to be in violation of any of the laws described above and other applicable state and federal fraud and abuse laws, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, or an administrative action of suspension or exclusion from government health care reimbursement programs and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations.
In addition, we are subject to the FCPA and other countries’ anti-corruption/anti-bribery regimes, such as the U.K. Bribery Act. The FCPA prohibits improper payments or offers of payments to foreign governments and their officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Safeguards we implement to discourage improper payments or offers of payments by our employees, consultants, sales agents or distributors may be ineffective, and violations of the FCPA and similar laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, or other liabilities or proceedings against us, any of which would likely harm our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.
The expanded regulations under the HITECH Act have increased the possibility that device manufactures might be considered business associates in the future, exposing us to penalties for potential breaches of HIPAA Security Regulation.
Risks Relating to our Intellectual Property
We may not be able to protect our intellectual property rights effectively, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Our success depends in part on our ability to obtain and maintain protection in the United States and other countries of the intellectual property relating to or incorporated into our technology and system. As of December 31, 2015, we owned over 75 issued patents in the United States and in foreign jurisdictions. We estimate that most of our currently issued U.S. patents will expire between approximately 2020 and 2024. Our pending and future patent applications may not issue as patents or, if issued, may not issue in a form that will provide us any competitive advantage. Even if issued, existing or future patents may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated or circumvented, which could limit our ability to stop competitors from marketing similar products or limit the length of terms of patent protection we may have for our system. Changes in patent laws or their interpretation in the United States and other countries could also diminish the value of our intellectual property or narrow the scope of our patent protection. In addition, the legal systems of certain countries do not favor the aggressive enforcement of patents, and the laws of foreign countries may not protect our rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. As a result, our patent portfolio may not provide us with sufficient rights to exclude others from commercializing products similar or identical to ours. In order to preserve and enforce our patent and other intellectual property rights, we may need to make claims or file lawsuits against third parties. This can entail significant costs to us and divert our management’s attention from developing and commercializing our system.
Intellectual property litigation could be costly and disruptive to us.
In recent years, there has been significant litigation involving medical device patents and other intellectual property rights. From time to time, third parties may assert patent, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property rights to technologies used in our business. Any claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel or require us to pay substantial damages. If we are unsuccessful in defending ourselves against these types of claims, we may be required to do one or more of the following:
· stop clinical studies or delay or abandon commercialization of our system;
· attempt to obtain a license to sell or use the relevant technology or substitute technology, which license may not be available on reasonable terms or at all; or
· redesign our system.
In the event a claim against us were successful and we could not obtain a license to the relevant technology on acceptable terms or license a substitute technology or redesign our system to avoid infringement, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be significantly harmed.
If we were unable to protect the confidentiality of our proprietary information and know-how, the value of our technology and system could be adversely affected.
In addition to patented technology, we rely on our unpatented proprietary technology, trade secrets, processes and know-how. We generally seek to protect this information by confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, scientific advisors and third parties. These agreements may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any such breach. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently developed by competitors. To the extent that our employees, consultants or contractors use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related or resulting know-how and inventions.
Our system could infringe patent rights of others, which may require costly litigation and, if we are not successful, could cause us to pay substantial damages or limit our ability to commercialize our system.
Our commercial success depends on our ability to develop, manufacture and market our system and technology without infringing the patents and other proprietary rights of third parties. As our industry expands and more patents are issued, the risk increases that there may be patents issued to third parties that relate to our system and technologies of which we are not aware or that we must challenge to continue our operations as currently contemplated. Our system may infringe or may be alleged to infringe these patents.
In addition, some patent applications in the United States may be maintained in secrecy until the patents are issued because patent applications in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions are typically not published until 18 months after filing, and because publications in the scientific literature often lag behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that others have not filed patent applications for technology covered by our issued patents or our pending applications or that we were the first to invent the technology. Another party may have filed, and may in the future file, patent applications covering our system or technology similar to ours. Any such patent application may have priority over our patent applications or patents, which could further require us to obtain rights to issued patents covering such technologies. If another party has filed a U.S. patent application on inventions similar to ours, we may have to participate in an interference proceeding declared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to determine priority of invention in the United States. The costs of these proceedings could be substantial, and it is possible that such efforts would be unsuccessful if the other party had independently arrived at the same or similar invention prior to our own invention, resulting in a loss of our U.S. patent position with respect to such inventions.
We may be subject to claims that our employees have wrongfully used or disclosed alleged trade secrets of their former employers.
As is common in our industry, we employ individuals who were previously employed at other medical device companies, including our competitors or potential competitors. Although no claims against us are currently pending, we may be subject to claims that these employees, or we, have used or disclosed trade secrets or other proprietary information of their former employers. Litigation may be necessary to defend against these claims. Even if we are successful in defending against these claims, litigation could result in substantial costs and be a distraction to management.
Security breaches, loss of data and other disruptions could compromise sensitive information related to our business or prevent us from accessing critical information and expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation.
In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including legally protected health information, personally identifiable information, intellectual property and proprietary business information owned or controlled by ourselves or others. We manage and maintain our applications and data utilizing on-site systems. These applications and data encompass a wide variety of business-critical information including research and development information, commercial information, and business and financial information. We face four primary risks relative to protecting this critical information, including: loss of access risk; inappropriate disclosure risk; inappropriate modification risk; and the risk of our being unable to adequately monitor our controls over the first three risks.
The secure processing, storage, maintenance, and transmission of this critical information is vital to our operations and business strategy. Although we take measures to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or disclosure, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or viruses or breached due to employee error, malfeasance, or
other disruptions. Any such breach or interruption could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed by unauthorized parties, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, such as HIPAA, and regulatory penalties. Although we believe we have implemented adequate security measures, there is no guarantee we can continue to protect our systems and data from unauthorized access, loss or dissemination that could also disrupt our operations, including our ability to conduct our analyses, bill payers or patients, conduct research and development activities, collect, process, and prepare company financial information, provide information about our products and other patient and physician education and outreach efforts through our website, manage the administrative aspects of our business, and damage our reputation, any of which could adversely affect our business.
In addition, the interpretation and application of consumer, health-related, and data protection laws in the United States, Europe and elsewhere are often uncertain, contradictory, and in flux. It is possible that these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices. If so, this could result in government-imposed fines or orders requiring that we change our practices, which could adversely affect our business. In addition, these privacy regulations may differ from country to country, and may vary based on whether testing is performed in the United States or in the local country. Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices and compliance procedures in a manner adverse to our business.
Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Stock
An active trading market for our shares of common stock in the United States may not develop.
Our common stock has been listed for trading on NASDAQ only since February 16, 2012 and has experienced limited trading volume. The average daily trading volume in our common stock on NASDAQ for the three-month period ended December 31, 2015 was approximately 102,000 shares. There can be no assurance that an active public market for our shares will continue to develop in the United States. If an active trading market does not continue to develop in the United States, the market price and liquidity of our common stock would be adversely affected.
The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly.
Our common stock has traded on NASDAQ since February 16, 2012, and CDIs representing beneficial ownership of our common stock traded on the ASX from September 2004 until May 6, 2013. The price of our common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, volatile, which means that it could decline substantially within a short period of time. For example, the price per share of our common stock traded on NASDAQ ranged from $4.85 to $8.13 from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2013, and from $5.34 to $13.80 from July 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013, from $4.99 to $11.29 from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2014, from $3.56 to $6.40 from July 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014, from $3.22 to $6.90 from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2015 and from $1.06 to $3.57 from July 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. The price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly for many reasons, including the following:
· future announcements concerning us or our competitors, including announcements of the details and expected timing of our revised clinical and product strategy;
· regulatory developments, disclosure regarding completed, ongoing or future clinical studies and enforcement actions bearing on advertising, marketing or sales;
· reports and recommendations of analysts and whether or not we meet the milestones and metrics set forth in such reports;
· introduction of new products;
· acquisition or loss of significant manufacturers, distributors or suppliers or an inability to obtain sufficient quantities of materials needed to manufacture our system;
· quarterly variations in operating results, which we have experienced in the past and expect to experience in the future;
· business acquisitions or divestitures;
· changes in governmental or third-party reimbursement practices;
· fluctuations of investor interest in the medical device sector; and
· fluctuations in the economy, world political events or general market conditions.
In addition, stock markets in general, and the market for shares of health care stocks in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations in recent years, fluctuations that frequently have been unrelated to the operating performance of the affected companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. The market price of our common stock could decline below its current price and the market price of our shares may fluctuate significantly in the future. These fluctuations may be unrelated to our performance.
If the trading price of our common stock fails to comply with the continued listing requirements of NASDAQ, we could face possible delisting. NASDAQ delisting could materially adversely affect the market for our shares.
Beginning on February 10, 2016, our common stock has generally traded on NASDAQ at less than $1.00 per share. If our common stock remains below the minimum bid price of $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days, NASDAQ will send us a deficiency notice, advising that we have been afforded a “compliance period” of 180 calendar days to regain compliance with the applicable requirements. If we are unable to resolve our bid price deficiency during the applicable compliance period, NASDAQ Staff will issue a delisting letter. At that time, we may request a hearing before a Hearing Panel, which may stay the delisting.
We cannot assure you that the price of our common stock will comply with the requirements for continued listing of our shares on NASDAQ. If we receive a deficiency notice, we cannot assure that we will be able to regain compliance or that any appeal of a decision to delist our common stock would be successful. If our common stock loses its listed status on NASDAQ and we are not successful in obtaining a listing on another exchange, our common stock would likely trade only in the over-the-counter market. If our common stock were to trade on the over-the-counter market, selling our common stock could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our common stock is delisted, broker-dealers have certain regulatory burdens imposed upon them, which may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our common stock, further limiting the liquidity thereof. These factors could result in lower prices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our common stock.
Our ability to use U.S. net operating loss carryforwards or Australian tax losses might be limited.
As of December 31, 2015, we had U.S. net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $94.0 million for U.S. income tax purposes, which expire from 2024 through 2034. To the extent these NOL carryforwards are available, we intend to use them to reduce any corporate income tax liability associated with our operations that we might have in the future. Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), generally imposes an annual limitation on the amount of NOL carryforwards that might be used to offset taxable income when a corporation has undergone significant changes in stock ownership. As a result, prior or future changes in ownership could put limitations on the availability of our NOL carryforwards. In addition, our ability to utilize the current NOL carryforwards might be further limited by future issuances of our common stock.
As of December 31, 2015, we had tax losses in the Commonwealth of Australia of approximately AU$49.1 million. Continuing utilization of carryforward tax losses in Australia may also be affected by the issuance of our common stock in the future. This is because one test for carrying forward tax losses in Australia from year to year requires continuity of ultimate ownership (subject to the relevant tests in Australian tax law) of more than 50% between the loss year and the income year in which the loss is claimed.
To the extent use of our NOL carryforwards or tax losses is limited, our income could be subject to corporate income tax earlier than it would if we were able to use NOL carryforwards and tax losses, which could result in lower profits.
We do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and we currently do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain any earnings to finance the development and expansion of our products and business. Accordingly, our stockholders will not realize a return on their investments unless the trading price of our common stock appreciates.
We will continue to incur increased costs as a result of being a U.S. reporting company.
In connection with the effectiveness of our registration statement on Form 10, as of February 14, 2012, we became subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. Although we were previously listed on the ASX and had been required to file financial information and make certain other filings with the ASX, our status as a U.S. reporting company under the Exchange Act has caused us, and will continue to cause us, to incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not previously incur,
including costs related to compliance with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the listing requirements of NASDAQ. We expect these rules and regulations will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time-consuming and costly, and these activities may increase general and administrative expenses and divert management’s time and attention away from revenue-generating activities. We also expect these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers.
Investors could lose confidence in our financial reports, and the value of our common stock may be adversely affected, if our internal controls over financial reporting are found not to be effective by management or by an independent registered public accounting firm or if we make disclosure of existing or potential material weaknesses in those controls.
In connection with becoming a company required to file reports with the SEC, we are required to comply with the internal control evaluation and certification requirements of Section404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 until the date we are no longer an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act or a “smaller reporting company” as defined by applicable SEC rules.
We continue to evaluate our existing internal controls over financial reporting against the standards adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. During the course of our ongoing evaluation of the internal controls, we may identify areas requiring improvement, and may have to design enhanced processes and controls to address issues identified through this review. Remediating any deficiencies, significant deficiencies or material weaknesses that we or our independent registered public accounting firm may identify may require us to incur significant costs and expend significant time and management resources. We cannot assure you that any of the measures we implement to remedy any such deficiencies will effectively mitigate or remedy such deficiencies. The existence of one or more material weaknesses could affect the accuracy and timing of our financial reporting. Investors could lose confidence in our financial reports, and the value of our common stock may be harmed, if our internal controls over financial reporting are found not to be effective by management or by an independent registered public accounting firm or if we make disclosure of existing or potential material weaknesses in those controls.
Our certificate of incorporation designates the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain litigation that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with the Company.
Our certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended (the “DGCL”), or (iv) any other action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and to have consented to the provisions described above. This forum selection provision may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a judicial forum that they find favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees.
Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and stockholder rights plan, as well as certain provisions of the DGCL, may delay or deter a change in control transaction.
Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of deterring takeovers, such as those provisions authorizing our board of directors to issue, from time to time, any series of preferred stock and fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of such series of preferred stock; prohibiting stockholders from acting by written consent in lieu of a meeting; requiring advance notice of stockholder intention to put forth director nominees or bring up other business at a stockholders’ meeting; prohibiting stockholders from calling a special meeting of stockholders; requiring a 66 2/3% majority stockholder approval in order for stockholders to amend certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation or bylaws or adopt new bylaws; providing that, subject to the rights of preferred shares, the directors will be divided into three classes and the number of directors is to be fixed exclusively by our board of directors; and providing that none of our directors may be removed without cause. Section203 of the DGCL, from which we did not elect to opt out, provides that if a holder acquires 15% or more of our stock without prior approval of our board of directors, that holder will be subject to certain restrictions on its ability to acquire us within three years. These provisions may delay or deter a change in control of us, and could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.
Further, on June 14, 2013, our board of directors adopted a stockholder rights plan, which is designed to assure that all of our stockholders receive fair and equal treatment in the event of any proposed takeover of the Company and to guard against partial tender offers, open market accumulations and other abusive or coercive tactics without paying stockholders a control premium. The stockholder rights plan may have anti-takeover effects by discouraging potential proxy contests and other takeover attempts, particularly those that have not been negotiated with the board of directors, and the stockholder rights plan may also inhibit the acquisition of a controlling position in our common stock. Therefore, transactions may not occur that stockholders would otherwise support and/or from which they would receive a substantial premium for their shares over the current market price. The stockholder rights plan may also make it more difficult to remove members of the current board of directors or management.
We are an “emerging growth company” under federal securities laws and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including not being required to comply with the external auditor attestation requirements of Section404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. The JOBS Act also permits emerging growth companies to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to U.S. public companies. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years following our initial public offering, although we could lose that status sooner if our revenues exceed $1 billion, if we issue more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three-year period, or if the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30 before that time, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may decline or be more volatile.
As explained above, Section 102(b)(1)of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section7(a)(2)(B)of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. An emerging growth company can delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period, and as a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with public company effective dates for new or revised accounting standards for U.S. public companies.
A sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may cause the price of our common stock to decline.
As of December 31, 2015, we had approximately 18.3 million shares of common stock outstanding. If our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, for example, liquidation of shares held by our principal stockholders, including shares issued upon the exercise of outstanding options, the market price of our common stock could decline. These sales also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and price that we deem reasonable or appropriate.
We have a large number of authorized but unissued shares of stock, which could negatively impact a potential investor if they purchased our common stock.
Our certificate of incorporation provides for 100,000,000 shares of authorized common stock, of which more than 80,000,000 shares are available for future issuance, and 40,000,000 shares of authorized preferred stock, 30,000 shares of which are designated as Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock in connection with the stockholder rights plan and all of which are available for future issuance. We expect to seek additional financing during the second half of 2016. The issuance of additional shares of common stock may have a dilutive effect on earnings per share and relative voting power and may cause a decline in the trading price of our common stock. We could use the shares of common stock that are available for future issuance in dilutive equity financing transactions, or to oppose a hostile takeover attempt or delay or prevent changes in control or changes in or removal of management, including transactions that are favored by a majority of the stockholders or in which the stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then-current market prices or benefit in some other manner.
Our board of directors will be authorized, without further stockholder approval, to issue up to 39,970,000 shares of preferred stock with such rights, preferences and privileges as our board may determine. These rights, preferences and privileges may include dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights and liquidation rights that may be greater than the rights of our common stock. As a
result, the rights of holders of our common stock will be subject to, and could be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of any preferred stock that may be issued in the future.
On June 14, 2013, our board of directors authorized 30,000 shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock in connection with the Company’s adoption of the stockholder rights plan.
If equity research analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade our common stock, the price of our common stock could decline.
The trading market for our common stock relies in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts publish about us and our business. We do not control these analysts. The price of our common stock could decline if one or more equity analysts downgrade our common stock or if analysts issue other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about us or our business.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
Not applicable.
We lease a 23,000 square foot facility located in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. The lease period commenced December 1, 2011 and extends through March 31, 2019. This facility serves as our corporate headquarters and houses substantially all of our functional areas. Monthly rent and common area maintenance charges for our headquarters total approximately $23,000. The lease contains provisions for annual inflationary adjustments.
We believe that our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet our current needs, and that suitable additional or substitute space will be available as needed to accommodate expansion of our operations.
We are not currently subject to any material pending legal proceedings.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market Information. Commencing February 16, 2012, our shares of common stock began trading on NASDAQ under the symbol “SSH.”
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing prices for our common stock as reported on NASDAQ in U.S. Dollars.
|
Period |
|
High |
|
Low |
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter (through March 11, 2016) |
|
1.31 |
|
0.64 |
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
5.77 |
|
3.90 |
|
|
Second Quarter |
|
4.84 |
|
3.32 |
|
|
Third Quarter |
|
3.41 |
|
2.12 |
|
|
Fourth Quarter |
|
2.67 |
|
1.20 |
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter |
|
11.29 |
|
5.60 |
|
|
Second Quarter |
|
6.39 |
|
4.99 |
|
|
Third Quarter |
|
6.40 |
|
4.19 |
|
|
Fourth Quarter |
|
5.88 |
|
3.56 |
|
Stockholders of Record. As of March 11, 2016, we had 18,357,796 shares of common stock issued and outstanding, and there were 240 holders of record of our common stock.
Dividends. We have not historically paid cash dividends on our common stock. We intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to finance the expansion and growth of our business, and we do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Payment of future cash dividends, if any, will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors after taking into account various factors, including our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements of our operating subsidiaries, covenants associated with any debt obligations, legal requirements, regulatory constraints and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Moreover, if we determine to pay any dividends in the future, there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay such dividends.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements located elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”. Amounts are in thousands, except share and per share data.
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
|
|
|
For the years ended December 31, |
| |||||||||||||
|
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |
|
2015 |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
|
2012 |
|
2011 |
| |||||
|
Net sales |
|
$ |
59 |
|
$ |
295 |
|
$ |
59 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
|
8,345 |
|
9,208 |
|
9,426 |
|
6,866 |
|
5,363 |
| |||||
|
Research and development |
|
17,672 |
|
16,874 |
|
13,504 |
|
8,003 |
|
11,199 |
| |||||
|
Total operating expenses |
|
26,017 |
|
26,082 |
|
22,930 |
|
14,869 |
|
16,562 |
| |||||
|
Loss from operations |
|
(25,958 |
) |
(25,787 |
) |
(22,871 |
) |
(14,869 |
) |
(16,562 |
) | |||||
|
Other income (expense), net |
|
(749 |
) |
(49 |
) |
(100 |
) |
33 |
|
251 |
| |||||
|
Loss before income taxes |
|
(26,707 |
) |
(25,836 |
) |
(22,971 |
) |
(14,836 |
) |
(16,311 |
) | |||||
|
Income tax benefit, net |
|
124 |
|
249 |
|
1,213 |
|
771 |
|
115 |
| |||||
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(26,583 |
) |
$ |
(25,587 |
) |
$ |
(21,758 |
) |
$ |
(14,065 |
) |
$ |
(16,196 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
|
Basic and diluted loss per share |
|
$ |
(1.47 |
) |
$ |
(1.51 |
) |
$ |
(1.71 |
) |
$ |
(1.98 |
) |
$ |
(2.98 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
|
Weighted average shares outstanding—basic and diluted |
|
18,119 |
|
16,899 |
|
12,723 |
|
7,099 |
|
5,442 |
| |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
|
Other comprehensive income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
|
$ |
(26 |
) |
$ |
65 |
|
$ |
22 |
|
$ |
53 |
|
$ |
137 |
|
|
Total comprehensive loss |
|
$ |
(26,609 |
) |
$ |
(25,522 |
) |
$ |
(21,736 |
) |
$ |
(14,012 |
) |
$ |
(16,059 |
) |
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
As of December 31, |
| |||||||||||||
|
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |
|
2015 |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
|
2012 |
|
2011 |
| |||||
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
23,113 |
|
$ |
31,293 |
|
$ |
54,136 |
|
$ |
14,224 |
|
$ |
6,563 |
|
|
Working capital |
|
15,594 |
|
28,554 |
|
51,140 |
|
12,470 |
|
4,074 |
| |||||
|
Total assets |
|
24,570 |
|
32,373 |
|
55,230 |
|
15,036 |
|
7,431 |
| |||||
|
Long-term debt, including current portion and net of discount |
|
7,799 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
| |||||
|
Accumulated deficit |
|
(153,182 |
) |
(126,599 |
) |
(101,012 |
) |
(79,254 |
) |
(65,189 |
) | |||||
|
Total stockholders’ equity |
|
12,171 |
|
29,215 |
|
51,727 |
|
12,949 |
|
4,596 |
| |||||
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our audited financial statements and related notes which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements included in this discussion as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
We are a medical device company developing innovative technologies for cardiac and coronary disease. The Company’s primary product, the C-Pulse System, is an implantable, non-blood contacting, heart assist therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe heart failure. The C-Pulse System is designed to relieve the symptoms of heart failure through the use of counter-pulsation technology by enabling an increase in cardiac output, an increase in coronary blood flow, and a reduction in the heart’s pumping load.
We are in the process of pursuing regulatory approvals necessary to sell our system in the United States. We completed enrollment of our North American feasibility clinical study in the first half of 2011. In November 2011, we announced the preliminary results of the six-month follow-up period for the feasibility study and we submitted the clinical data to the FDA. In March 2012, the FDA notified us that it had completed its review of the C-Pulse System feasibility study data and concluded we met the applicable agency requirements, and further indicated that we could move forward with an investigational device exemption application. In November 2012, the FDA provided us with unconditional approval to initiate a pivotal study. We commenced enrollment in our COUNTER HF™ pivotal study in September 2013.
We obtained CE Mark for the C-Pulse System in July 2012 and have taken initial steps to evaluate the market potential for our system in targeted countries that accept the CE Mark in anticipation of commencing commercial sales. In order to gain additional clinical data and support reimbursement in Europe, we initiated enrollment in the second quarter of 2013 of the OPTIONS HF clinical trial, a post-market study in Europe to evaluate endpoints similar to those for our U.S. pivotal study.
On February 25, 2015, we announced that we had received unconditional approval from the FDA to conduct an interim analysis of COUNTER HF. This interim analysis could have reduced the overall duration of the trial. On March 6, 2015, we announced that COUNTER HF had reached a pre-determined pausing point and we temporarily suspended enrollment in accordance with the study protocol. On May 26, 2015, we announced that the FDA had approved the resumption of patient enrollment in the study and we began the process of reactivating clinical sites and of resuming patient enrollment into the study. We concluded 2015 with 66 enrollments, 35 randomizations, 29 activated centers and 9 additional centers committed to participate.
As we evaluated the pace of enrollment into our pivotal and post market studies, we determined that enrolling these studies would take much longer than anticipated as a result of the invasiveness of the implant procedure and requirements imposed by the trial design. As a result, on March 3, 2016 we announced that we are no longer enrolling patients into the COUNTER HF and OPTIONS HF studies and that we plan to pursue a new strategic direction, as discussed above under Part I, Item 1 “Business—Our Strategy” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue when (i) persuasive evidence of a customer arrangement exists; (ii) the price is fixed or determinable and free of contingencies or uncertainties; (iii) collectability is reasonably assured; and (iv) product delivery has occurred, which is when product title transfers to the customer, or services have been rendered. Sales are not conditional based on customer acceptance provisions or installation obligations. The C-Pulse System is not approved for commercial sale. However, the FDA has assigned the C-Pulse System to a Category B designation, making it eligible for reimbursement at certain U.S. sites during our clinical studies. Consequently, we were able to invoice hospitals and clinics that are eligible for reimbursement by Medicare, Medicaid or private insurance companies. Our revenue consisted solely of sales of the C-Pulse System to hospitals and clinics who participate in our clinical studies per the terms of the clinical study contracts. For clinical study implant revenue, the product title generally transfers on the date the product is implanted. Product costs incurred for our clinical studies are deemed to be development costs and, accordingly, are expensed to research and development as incurred. Upon commercialization, product costs will be capitalized in inventory and recorded to cost of sales as the inventory is sold.
Stock-Based Compensation
We recognize all share-based payments to employees and directors, including grants of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), warrants and common stock awards in the income statement as an operating expense based on their fair values over the requisite service period.
We compute the estimated fair values of stock options and warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Market price at the date of grant is used to calculate the fair value of restricted stock units and common stock awards.
Stock-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest and is reduced for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Equity instruments issued to non-employees include RSUs, warrants or options to purchase shares of our common stock. These RSUs, warrants or options are either fully-vested and exercisable at the date of grant or vest over a certain period during which services are provided. We expense the fair market value of fully vested awards at the time of grant, and of unvested awards over the period in which the related services are received. Unvested awards are remeasured to fair value until they vest.
Going Concern
Our financial statements have been prepared and presented on a basis assuming we continue as a going concern.
During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we incurred losses from operations and net cash outflows from operating activities as disclosed in the consolidated statements of operations and cash flows, respectively.
Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on our ability to raise additional capital based on the achievement of existing development, clinical and regulatory milestones as and when required. Our directors, after due consideration, believe that we will be able to raise new capital as required to fund our business plan. We expect to seek additional financing during 2016. Should our future efforts to raise capital not be successful, we may not be able to continue as a going concern. Furthermore, our ability to continue as a going concern is subject to our ability to develop and successfully commercialize the C-Pulse System. If we are unable to obtain such funding of an amount and on a timeline necessary to meet our future operational plans, or to successfully commercialize our intellectual property, we may be unable to continue as a going concern. No adjustments have been made relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should we not continue as a going concern.
Accounting Standards Applicable to Emerging Growth Companies
We qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the provisions of the JOBS Act, enacted on April 5, 2012. Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. An emerging growth company can delay the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period, and as a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to those of companies that comply with public company effective dates for new or revised accounting standards for U.S. public companies.
Internal Controls and Procedures
Our independent registered public accounting firm is not yet required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, and will not be required to do so for as long as we are an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the provisions of the JOBS Act. However, management is subject to Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and is required to report annually on effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued amended revenue recognition guidance to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires expanded disclosures relating to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required about customer contracts, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. In August 2015, the FASB amended the guidance to defer the effective date by one year, so this guidance will be effective for our interim and annual periods beginning January 1, 2018. We are evaluating the impact that this standard will have on our business practices, financial condition, results of operations and disclosures.
In August 2014, the FASB amended guidance relating to the presentation and disclosure of the uncertainties of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. This guidance explicitly requires management of a company to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosure in certain circumstances. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual and interim periods beginning thereafter, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have, if any, on our financial statements and disclosures.
In April 2015, the FASB issued amended guidance concerning debt issuance costs in relation to a recognized debt liability to require it be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. This guidance is effective for our interim and annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2016. Upon adoption of this standard, we will reclassify $121,000 of unamortized debt issuance costs currently classified as other Current Assets and as Other Assets in the accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2015, to an offset of Current and Long-Term Debt.
In November 2015, the FASB issued amended guidance concerning the classification of deferred taxes on the balance sheet to require that deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities be presented as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. The amendment is effective for our annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard will not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements as all deferred tax assets are fully reserved.
In February 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance to improve financial reporting about leasing transactions. This guidance will require organizations that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. This guidance is effective for our annual reporting period beginning January 1, 2020, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2021. We are evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have, if any, on our financial statements and disclosures.
Financial Overview
We are an early-stage medical device company focused on developing, manufacturing and commercializing the C-Pulse System for treatment of Class III and ambulatory Class IV heart failure. Our activities since inception have consisted principally of raising capital, performing research and development and conducting pre-clinical and clinical studies. At December 31, 2015, we had an accumulated deficit of $153.2 million and we expect to incur losses for the foreseeable future. To date, we have been funded primarily by various equity and debt financings. Although we believe that we will be able to successfully fund our operations, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so or that we will ever operate profitably.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2015 to Year Ended December 31, 2014
Revenue
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
|
Increase (Decrease) |
|
% Change |
| |||
|
$ |
59,000 |
|
$ |
295,000 |
|
$ |
(236,000 |
) |
(80.0 |
)% |
Our revenue has been generated by sales of the C-Pulse System to hospitals and clinics in conjunction with our U.S. clinical study. The C-Pulse System is not approved for commercial sale, however, the FDA has assigned the C-Pulse System to a Category B designation, making it eligible for reimbursement at certain U.S. sites when implanted in connection with our clinical studies. Since certain insurance companies and governmental institutions have a non-coverage policy for experimental or investigational procedures, we have not been successful in achieving reimbursement for some implant procedures. One C-Pulse System devices was implanted in 2015 for which we recognized revenue, compared to five during 2014. On March 3, 2016, we announced that we are no longer enrolling patients in the COUNTER HF and OPTIONS HF studies, and that we plan to pursue a new strategic direction, as discussed above under Part I, Item 1 “Business—Our Strategy” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Since we have terminated enrollment in our OPTIONS HF and COUNTER HF clinical trials, we do not expect to generate revenue from sales of the C-Pulse System during fiscal 2016.
Product costs incurred for our clinical studies are deemed to be development costs and, accordingly, are expensed to research and development as incurred.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
|
Increase (Decrease) |
|
% Change |
| |||
|
$ |
8,345,000 |
|
$ |
9,208,000 |
|
$ |
(863,000 |
) |
(9.4 |
)% |
The decrease in selling, general and administrative expense in 2015 compared to 2014 is attributed to efficiencies achieved from the consolidation of certain management positions and decreased stock compensation costs. We expect our selling, general and administrative expense to remain comparable to prior year period levels in future periods as we continue to leverage our existing infrastructure to support our operations.
Research and Development Expense
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
|
Increase (Decrease) |
|
% Change |
| |||
|
$ |
17,672,000 |
|
$ |
16,874,000 |
|
$ |
798,000 |
|
4.7 |
% |
Our increase in research and development expense in 2015 compared to 2014 resulted primarily from increased personnel and clinical research infrastructure to support our clinical studies in the U.S. and Europe. On March 3, 2016, we announced that we are no longer enrolling patients in the COUNTER HF and OPTIONS HF studies, and that we plan to pursue a new strategic direction, as discussed above under Part I, Item 1 “Business—Our Strategy” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Since we have terminated enrollment in our OPTIONS HF and COUNTER HF clinical trials, we expect that our research and development costs will decrease during fiscal 2016, but may increase thereafter as we accelerate funding of our fully implantable system and begin executing on a new clinical strategy.
Other Expense, Net
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
|
Increase (Decrease) |
|
% Change |
| |||
|
$ |
749,000 |
|
$ |
49,000 |
|
$ |
700,000 |
|
N/M |
|
The increase in other expense in 2015 compared to 2014 is the result of interest charges for borrowings outstanding under our term loan with Silicon Valley Bank. We did not incur interest expense charges in 2014 as we did not have any outstanding debt.
Income Tax Benefit, Net
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
|
Increase (Decrease) |
|
% Change |
| |||
|
$ |
124,000 |
|
$ |
249,000 |
|
$ |
(125,000 |
) |
(50.2 |
)% |
Our income tax benefit for 2015 and 2014 resulted primarily from research and development tax credits in Australia. We completed our Australian tax return for the 12-month period ended June 30, 2014 in 2015 and received a $135,000 research and development tax credit refund during the year. We completed our Australian tax return for the twelve month period ended June 30, 2013 in 2014 and received a $265,000 research and development tax credit refund during 2014. Assuming no further changes to the applicable Australian law for research and development tax credits, we expect to receive research and development tax credit refunds in the future in decreased amounts that vary based on reduced research and development expenditures in Australia. At this time, we are working to complete our analysis of the potential research and development tax credit refund that may be available for the period ended June 30, 2015.
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2014 to Year Ended December 31, 2013
Revenue
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
|
Increase (Decrease) |
|
% Change |
| ||||
|
$ |
295,000 |
|
$ |
59,000 |
|
$ |
|
236,000 |
|
400 |
% |
Our revenue has been generated by sales of the C-Pulse System to hospitals and clinics in conjunction with our U.S. clinical study. The C-Pulse System is not approved for commercial sale, however, the FDA has assigned the C-Pulse System to a Category B designation, making it eligible for reimbursement at certain U.S. sites when implanted in connection with our clinical studies. Since certain insurance companies and governmental institutions have a non-coverage policy for experimental or investigational procedures,
we have not been successful in achieving reimbursement for some implant procedures. Five C-Pulse System devices were implanted in 2014 for which we recognized revenue, compared to one during 2013.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
|
Increase (Decrease) |
|
% Change |
| |||
|
$ |
9,208,000 |
|
$ |
9,426,000 |
|
$ |
(218,000 |
) |
(2.3 |
)% |
Our decrease in selling, general and administrative expense in 2014 compared to 2013 is attributed to decreased stock compensation costs.
Research and Development Expense
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
|
Increase (Decrease) |
|
% Change |
| |||
|
$ |
16,874,000 |
|
$ |
13,504,000 |
|
$ |
3,370,000 |
|
25.0 |
% |
Our increase in research and development expense in 2014 compared to 2013 resulted primarily from increased personnel and clinical research infrastructure to support our clinical studies in North America and Europe.
Other Expense, Net
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
|
Increase (Decrease) |
|
% Change |
| |||
|
$ |
49,000 |
|
$ |
100,000 |
|
$ |
(51,000 |
) |
(51.0 |
)% |
Interest income in 2014 and 2013 was offset by foreign currency exchange losses, primarily on intercompany liabilities of our subsidiaries in Australia and Ireland.
Income Tax Benefit, Net
|
Year Ended |
|
Year Ended |
|
Increase (Decrease) |
|
% Change |
| |||
|
$ |
249,000 |
|
$ |
1,213,000 |
|
$ |
(964,000 |
) |
(79.5 |
)% |
Our income tax benefit for 2014 resulted primarily from research and development tax credits in Australia. Our income tax benefits for 2013 resulted from research and development tax credits in Australia and Minnesota. We completed our Australian tax return for the 12-month period ended June 30, 2013 in 2014 and received a $265,000 research and development tax credit refund during 2014. We completed our Australian tax return for the twelve month period ended June 30, 2012 in 2013 and received a $1,077,000 research and development tax credit refund during 2013. We completed our Minnesota tax return for the 12-month period ended December 31, 2012 in 2013 and recognized a $136,000 research and development tax credit refund during 2013.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
We have funded our operations primarily through cash on hand and a series of equity and debt issuances. During 2015, we entered into a loan agreement with Silicon Valley Bank for proceeds of up to $10.0 million. Under our loan agreement, a $6.0 million term loan was funded at closing and an additional term loan in the amount of $2.0 million was funded on June 26, 2015. The remaining $2.0 million term loan was available until September 30, 2015, provided that we had enrolled our one hundredth patient in the COUNTER HF study on or before that date. We did not achieve this milestone and did not secure additional borrowings under this facility. Total borrowings outstanding under the Silicon Valley Bank facility totaled $8.0 million as of December 31, 2015. The carrying amount of this debt approximated its fair value as of December 31, 2015. Under the terms of the loan agreement, we must pay 5% of the outstanding loan amounts as a final payment when the term loans are fully repaid.
On December 8, 2015, we amended our loan and security agreement with Silicon Valley Bank to remove the requirement that we complete an equity financing of at least $20.0 million in unencumbered proceeds by March 31, 2016. The amended agreement contains a liquidity covenant that requires that we maintain cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal or greater than eight times our monthly cash utilization.
In 2014, we entered into a sales agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC (“Cowen”), allowing Cowen to sell from time to time, shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $40.0 million, through an “at the market” equity offering program (the “Sales Agreement”). We pay Cowen a commission of up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement. During 2014, we sold 23,120 shares of common stock for net proceeds of $0.1 million after stock issuance costs of $32,000. In 2015, we sold 1,256,380 shares of common stock for net proceeds of $7.1 million after stock issuance costs of $0.2 million. As of March 14, 2016, we had a total of $32.6 million available for future sales under the Sales Agreement.
As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, cash and cash equivalents were $23.1 million and $31.3 million, respectively. Historically, our revenue has been generated from sales of the C-Pulse System to U.S. institutions participating in our clinical studies. The C-Pulse System is not approved for commercial sale in the US but the FDA has assigned it to a Category B designation, making it eligible for reimbursement at certain U.S. sites during our clinical studies. However, since certain insurance companies and government institutions have a non-coverage policy for experimental or investigational procedures, we have not been successful in achieving reimbursement for some implant procedures and have generated only limited revenue from our clinical studies. Since we have terminated enrollment in our OPTIONS HF and COUNTER HF clinical trials, we have no current source of revenue to sustain our present activities. We do not expect to generate any revenue from clinical trials during fiscal 2016 and we expect to incur significant net losses as we continue to conduct clinical studies and pursue commercialization.
Although we believe that our cash on hand will fund our operations until sometime in the second half of 2016 while remaining in compliance with the terms of our loan agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, we need to raise additional capital to continue to fund the further development of the C-Pulse System and our operations thereafter and expect to seek additional financing during the second half of fiscal 2016.
We may seek to sell additional equity or convertible debt securities or enter into credit facilities. The sale of additional equity, debt, or convertible debt securities may result in dilution to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of debt, convertible debt or enter into credit facilities, these securities and debt holders could have rights senior to those of our common stock, and this debt could contain covenants that would restrict our operations and would require us to use cash for debt service rather than our operations. We may require additional capital beyond our currently forecasted amounts. Although we have successfully financed our operations through equity and debt financings to date, any such required additional capital may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $23.0 million, $22.6 million and $17.4 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The net cash used in each of these periods primarily reflects the net loss for those periods, offset in part by $2.2 million, $2.7 million, and $3.0 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation, $0.3 million, $0.3 million, and $0.2 million, respectively, of depreciation, the amortization of debt discount and financing fees of $0.3 million in 2015, amortization of debt warrants of $0.2 million in 2013, and the effects of changes in operating assets and liabilities.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $0.2 million, $0.4 million, and $0.3 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Cash used in investing activities was for equipment to support our assembly, research and development and clinical study activities.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $15.1 million, $0.1 million, and $57.6 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities was primarily attributable to proceeds from sales of our common stock and issuance of long-term debt.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2015, which represent material expected or contractually committed future obligations:
|
|
|
Payments Due by Period |
| |||||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
Less than 1 year |
|
1-3 years |
|
3-5 years |
|
More than 5 years |
|
Total |
| |||||
|
Loan Agreement Borrowings |
|
$ |
3,858 |
|
$ |
4,142 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
8,000 |
|
|
Interest Expense(1) |
|
445 |
|
561 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
1,006 |
| |||||
|
Operating Leases |
|
198 |
|
443 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
641 |
| |||||
|
Total |
|
$ |
4,501 |
|
$ |
5,146 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
9,647 |
|
(1) Includes financing fees
As of December 31, 2015, we had $8.0 million outstanding under our loan and security agreement with Silicon Valley Bank. We were entitled to make interest only payments until January 1, 2016. Commencing on January 1, 2016, and continuing on the first day of each calendar month thereafter, we are required to repay the advances made in twenty-four consecutive equal monthly installments. Upon repayment, we are also required to make a final payment to Silicon Valley Bank equal to 5.0% of the original principal amount.
We lease a 23,000 square foot facility located in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. The lease period commenced December 1, 2011 and extends through March 31, 2019. This facility serves as our corporate headquarters and houses substantially all of our functional areas. Monthly rent and common area maintenance charges for our headquarters total approximately $23,000. The lease contains provisions for annual inflationary adjustments. Rent expense is being recorded on a straight line basis over the term of the lease.
We lease office equipment under non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various times through May 2016.
Capital Resource Requirements
As of December 31, 2015, we did not have any material commitments for capital expenditures.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In April 2015, we amended our lease agreement for our office space leased in Eden Prairie, Minnesota, to extend it for an additional thirty-six months beyond its original expiration date. This amended lease agreement expires March 31, 2019.
On December 8, 2015, we amended our loan and security agreement with Silicon Valley Bank to remove the requirement that we complete an equity financing of at least $20.0 million in unencumbered proceeds by March 31, 2016. The amended agreement contains a liquidity covenant that requires that we maintain cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal or greater than eight times our monthly cash utilization. As of December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all covenants under this facility.
Except as disclosed above, we have no off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations), or other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons that have, or may have, a material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. We maintain our accounts for cash and cash equivalents principally at one major bank in the United States and one major bank in the United Kingdom. We have not experienced any losses on our deposits of our cash and cash equivalents.
We do not currently sell our products in US or in international markets. All of our revenue to date has been generated by reimbursement related to our US clinical studies.
We do not believe our operations are currently subject to significant market risks for interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices or other relevant market price risks of a material nature. Under our current policies, we do not use foreign currency derivative instruments to manage exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
We are exposed to declines in the interest rates paid on deposited funds. A hypothetical 100 basis point decline in the current market interest rates paid on deposits would result in interest earnings being reduced by approximately $10,000 on an annual basis.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Sunshine Heart, Inc. and Subsidiaries
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sunshine Heart, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Sunshine Heart, Inc. and Subsidiaries at December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 of the consolidated financial statements, the Company has recurring losses from operations and an accumulated deficit that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The consolidated financial statements do not contain any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
|
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP |
|
|
Minneapolis, Minnesota |
|
|
March 15, 2016 |
|
SUNSHINE HEART, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
|
In thousands, except share and per share amounts |
|
Dec 31, 2015 |
|
Dec 31, 2014 |
| ||
|
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
Current assets |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
23,113 |
|
$ |
31,293 |
|
|
Accounts receivable |
|
— |
|
59 |
| ||
|
Other current assets |
|
539 |
|
360 |
| ||
|
Total current assets |
|
23,652 |
|
31,712 |
| ||
|
Property, Plant and Equipment |
|
535 |
|
661 |
| ||
|
Other Assets |
|
383 |
|
— |
| ||
|
TOTAL ASSETS |
|
$ |
24,570 |
|
$ |
32,373 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
Current portion of long-term debt |
|
$ |
3,858 |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
|
2,832 |
|
2,079 |
| ||
|
Accrued salaries, wages, and other compensation |
|
1,368 |
|
1,079 |
| ||
|
Total current liabilities |
|
8,058 |
|
3,158 |
| ||
|
Long-term debt, net of discount |
|
3,941 |
|
— |
| ||
|
Other Liabilities |
|
400 |
|
— |
| ||
|
Total liabilities |
|
12,399 |
|
3,158 |
| ||
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7) |
|
— |
|
— |
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
Stockholders’ equity |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
Series A junior participating preferred stock as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, $0.0001 par value per share; authorized 30,000 shares, none outstanding |
|
— |
|
— |
| ||
|
Preferred stock as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, $0.0001 par value per share; authorized 39,970,000 shares, none outstanding |
|
— |
|
— |
| ||
|
Common stock as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, par value $0.0001 per share; authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 18,344,478 and 16,982,642, respectively |
|
2 |
|
2 |
| ||
|
Additional paid-in capital |
|
164,105 |
|
154,540 |
| ||
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
|
1,246 |
|
1,272 |
| ||
|
Accumulated deficit |
|
(153,182 |
) |
(126,599 |
) | ||
|
Total stockholders’ equity |
|
12,171 |
|
29,215 |
| ||
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
|
$ |
24,570 |
|
$ |
32,373 |
|
See notes to the consolidated financial statements
SUNSHINE HEART, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
|
|
|
For the years ended December 31, |
| |||||||
|
In thousands |
|
2015 |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
| |||
|
Net sales |
|
$ |
59 |
|
$ |
295 |
|
$ |
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
|
8,345 |
|
9,208 |
|
9,426 |
| |||
|
Research and development |
|
17,672 |
|
16,874 |
|
13,504 |
| |||
|
Total operating expenses |
|
26,017 |
|
26,082 |
|
22,930 |
| |||
|
Loss from operations |
|
(25,958 |
) |
(25,787 |
) |
(22,871 |
) | |||
|
Interest expense |
|
(743 |
) |
— |
|
— |
| |||
|
Other expense, net |
|
(6 |
) |
(49 |
) |
(100 |
) | |||
|
Total Other Expense, net |
|
(749 |
) |
(49 |
) |
(100 |
) | |||
|
Loss before income taxes |
|
(26,707 |
) |
(25,836 |
) |
(22,971 |
) | |||
|
Income tax benefit, net |
|
124 |
|
249 |
|
1,213 |
| |||
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(26,583 |
) |
$ |
(25,587 |
) |
$ |
(21,758 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted loss per share |
|
$ |
(1.47 |
) |
$ |
(1.51 |
) |
$ |
(1.71 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Weighted average shares outstanding—basic and diluted |
|
18,119 |
|
16,899 |
|
12,723 |
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Other comprehensive income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
|
$ |
(26 |
) |
$ |
65 |
|
$ |
22 |
|
|
Total comprehensive loss |
|
$ |
(26,609 |
) |
$ |
(25,522 |
) |
$ |
(21,736 |
) |
See notes to the consolidated financial statements
SUNSHINE HEART, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
|
In thousands |
|
Outstanding |
|
Common |
|
Additional |
|
Accumulated |
|
Accumulated |
|
Stockholders’ |
| |||||
|
Balance December 31, 2012 |
|
9,283 |
|
$ |
1 |
|
$ |
91,017 |
|
$ |
1,185 |
|
$ |
(79,254 |
) |
$ |
12,949 |
|
|
Net loss |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(21,758 |
) |
(21,758 |
) | |||||
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
22 |
| |||||
|
Stock based compensation, net |
|
56 |
|
|
|
2,804 |
|
|
|
|
|
2,804 |
| |||||
|
Reclassification of stock options as liability awards |
|
|
|
|
|
(95 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(95 |
) | |||||
|
Issuance of common stock, net |
|
7,486 |
|
1 |
|
57,565 |
|
|
|
|
|
57,566 |
| |||||
|
Issuance of warrants for service agreement |
|
|
|
|
|
239 |
|
|
|
|
|
239 |
| |||||
|
Balance December 31, 2013 |
|
16,825 |
|
2 |
|
151,530 |
|
1,207 |
|
(101,012 |
) |
51,727 |
| |||||
|
Net loss |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(25,587 |
) |
(25,587 |
) | |||||
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
65 |
| |||||
|
Stock based compensation, net |
|
|
|
|
|
2,678 |
|
|
|
|
|
2,678 |
| |||||
|
Settlement of liability awards |
|
|
|
|
|
243 |
|
|
|
|
|
243 |
| |||||
|
Issuance of common stock, net |
|
158 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
|
|
89 |
| |||||
|
Balance December 31, 2014 |
|
16,983 |
|
2 |
|
154,540 |
|
1,272 |
|
(126,599 |
) |
29,215 |
| |||||
|
Net loss |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(26,583 |
) |
(26,583 |
) | |||||
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
(26 |
) | |||||
|
Stock based compensation, net |
|
|
|
|
|
2,510 |
|
|
|
|
|
2,510 |
| |||||
|
Issuance of common stock, net |
|
1,361 |
|
|
|
7,055 |
|
|
|
|
|
7,055 |
| |||||
|
Balance December 31, 2015 |
|
18,344 |
|
$ |
2 |
|
$ |
164,105 |
|
$ |
1,246 |
|
$ |
(153,182 |
) |
$ |
12,171 |
|
See notes to the consolidated financial statements
SUNSHINE HEART, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
|
|
|
For the years ended |
| |||||||
|
In thousands |
|
2015 |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
| |||
|
Operating Activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(26,583 |
) |
$ |
(25,587 |
) |
$ |
(21,758 |
) |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash flows from operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Depreciation |
|
325 |
|
277 |
|
185 |
| |||
|
Stock based compensation expense, net |
|
2,154 |
|
2,678 |
|
2,953 |
| |||
|
Amortization of debt discount and financing fees |
|
263 |
|
— |
|
— |
| |||
|
Amortization of debt warrants for service agreements |
|
— |
|
— |
|
239 |
| |||
|
Changes in assets and liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Accounts receivable |
|
59 |
|
— |
|
(59 |
) | |||
|
Other current assets |
|
(181 |
) |
— |
|
(22 |
) | |||
|
Other assets |
|
(92 |
) |
(5 |
) |
— |
| |||
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
|
1,066 |
|
(7 |
) |
1,100 |
| |||
|
Net cash used in operations |
|
(22,989 |
) |
(22,644 |
) |
(17,362 |
) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Investing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Purchase of property and equipment |
|
(199 |
) |
(351 |
) |
(293 |
) | |||
|
Net cash used in investing activities |
|
(199 |
) |
(351 |
) |
(293 |
) | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Financing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Net proceeds from the sale of common stock |
|
7,055 |
|
89 |
|
57,566 |
| |||
|
Proceeds from borrowing on long-term debt |
|
8,000 |
|
— |
|
— |
| |||
|
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
15,055 |
|
89 |
|
57,566 |
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |
|
(47 |
) |
63 |
|
1 |
| |||
|
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |
|
(8,180 |
) |
(22,843 |
) |
39,912 |
| |||
|
Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period |
|
31,293 |
|
54,136 |
|
14,224 |
| |||
|
Cash and cash equivalents—end of period |
|
$ |
23,113 |
|
$ |
31,293 |
|
$ |
54,136 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Supplemental schedule of non-cash activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Stock options and restricted stock units classified as liabilities, net |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
(337 |
) |
$ |
355 |
|
|
Warrants issued in connection with debt financing |
|
$ |
355 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
Financing fees on debt |
|
$ |
400 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Supplemental cash flow information |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
Interest paid on debt borrowings |
|
$ |
388 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
See notes to the consolidated financial statements
SUNSHINE HEART, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1—Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Business
Sunshine Heart, Inc. was founded in November 1999 and incorporated in Delaware in August 2002. The Company is headquartered in Eden Prairie, Minnesota and has a wholly owned subsidiary, Sunshine Heart Company Pty Limited, located in Clontarf, New South Wales, Australia and a wholly owned subsidiary, Sunshine Heart Ireland Limited, located in Dublin, Ireland. The Company is a medical device company developing innovative technologies for cardiac and coronary disease. The Company’s primary product, the C-Pulse System, is an implantable, non-blood contacting, heart assist therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe heart failure which can be implanted using a minimally invasive procedure. The C-Pulse System is designed to relieve the symptoms of heart failure through the use of counter-pulsation technology by enabling an increase in cardiac output, an increase in coronary blood flow, and a reduction in the heart’s pumping load. The Company has received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) to conduct a U.S. feasibility clinical study with the C-Pulse System. Commencing February 16, 2012, the Company’s shares of common stock began trading on NASDAQ under the symbol “SSH.”
Going Concern
The Company’s financial statements have been prepared and presented on a basis assuming it continues as a going concern.
During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company incurred losses from operations and net cash outflows from operating activities as disclosed in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and cash flows, respectively. At December 31, 2015, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $153.2 million and expects to incur losses for the foreseeable future. To date, the Company has been funded primarily by various equity and debt financings. Although the Company believes that it will be able to successfully fund its operations, there can be no assurance the Company will be able to do so or that the Company will ever operate profitably.
The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company’s ability to raise additional capital based on the achievement of existing milestones as and when required. The Company expects to seek additional financing in 2016. Should future capital raising be unsuccessful, the Company may not be able to continue as a going concern. Furthermore, the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is subject to the ability of the Company to develop and successfully commercialize the product being developed. If the Company is unable to obtain such funding of an amount and timing necessary to meet its future operational plans, or to successfully commercialize its intellectual property, the Company may be unable to continue as a going concern. No adjustments have been made relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company not continue as a going concern.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Sunshine Heart, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Sunshine Heart Company Pty Limited and Sunshine Heart Ireland Limited. All inter-company accounts and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of the financial instruments approximate their respective current fair values due to their relatively short maturities.
Pursuant to the requirements of Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (the “ASC”) Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurement,” the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
· Level 1 - Financial instruments with unadjusted quoted prices listed on active market exchanges.
· Level 2 - Financial instruments lacking unadjusted, quoted prices from active market exchanges, including over the counter traded financial instruments. The prices for the financial instruments are determined using prices for recently traded financial instruments with similar underlying terms as well as directly or indirectly observable inputs, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.
· Level 3 - Financial instruments that are not actively traded on a market exchange. This category includes situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the financial instrument. The prices are determined using significant unobservable inputs or valuation techniques.
All cash equivalents are considered Level 1 measurements for all periods presented. The Company does not have any financial instruments classified as Level 2 or Level 3 and there were no movements between these categories during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and term deposits with original maturities of three months or less. The carrying value of these instruments approximate fair value. The balances, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on its cash and cash equivalents.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable are unsecured, are recorded at net realizable value, and do not bear interest. The Company makes judgments as to its ability to collect outstanding receivables based upon significant patterns of uncollectability, historical experience, and managements’ evaluation of specific accounts and will provide an allowance for credit losses when collection becomes doubtful. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition on an as-needed basis. Payment is generally due 30 days from the invoice date and accounts past 30 days are individually analyzed for collectability. When all collection efforts have been exhausted, the account is written off against the related allowance. No allowance for doubtful accounts was considered necessary as of December 31, 2015 and 2014.
Other Current Assets
Other current assets represent prepayments and deposits made by the Company.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed based upon the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property, plant and equipment retired, or otherwise disposed of are removed from the related accounts, and any residual values are charged to expense. Depreciation expense has been calculated using the following estimated useful lives:
|
Office furniture and equipment |
|
5-15 years |
|
Computer software and equipment |
|
3-4 years |
|
Laboratory and research equipment |
|
3-15 years |
|
Production equipment |
|
3-7 years |
Depreciation expense was $325, $277 and $185 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. If the impairment tests indicate that the carrying value of the asset, or asset group is greater than the expected undiscounted cash flows to be generated by such asset or asset group further analysis is performed to determine the fair value of the asset or asset group. To the extent the fair value of the asset or asset group is less than its carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the amount the fair value of the asset or asset group exceeds its carrying amount. The Company generally measures fair value by considering sale prices for similar assets or asset groups, or by discounting estimated future cash flows from such assets or asset groups using an appropriate discount rate. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate the fair value of assets or asset groups, and accordingly, actual results could vary significantly from such estimates. There have been no impairment losses recognized for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 or 2013.
Other Assets
Other assets consist primarily of deferred financing fees, net of amortization, recorded in connection with the term loan with Silicon Valley Bank. Upon repayment of the term loans, the Company is required to make a final payment to Silicon Valley Bank equal to 5.0% of the original principal amount.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue when (i) persuasive evidence of a customer arrangement exists; (ii) the price is fixed or determinable and free of contingencies or uncertainties; (iii) collectability is reasonably assured; and (iv) product delivery has occurred, which is when product title transfers to the customer, or services have been rendered. Sales are not conditional based on customer acceptance provisions or installation obligations. The C-Pulse System is not approved for commercial sale. However, the FDA has assigned the C-Pulse System to a Category B designation, making it eligible for reimbursement at certain U.S. sites during the Company’s clinical studies. Consequently, the Company is able to invoice hospitals and clinics that are eligible for reimbursement by Medicare, Medicaid or private insurance companies. The Company’s revenue has consisted solely of sales of the C-Pulse System to hospitals and clinics who participate in the Company’s clinical studies per the terms of the clinical study contracts. For clinical study implant revenue, the product title generally transfers on the date the product is implanted. Product costs incurred for the Company’s clinical studies are deemed to be development costs and are expensed to research and development as incurred. Upon commercialization, product costs will be capitalized in inventory and recorded to cost of sales as the inventory is sold.
Foreign Currency Translation
Sales and expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated at average exchange rates in effect throughout the year. Assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated at period-end exchange rates with the impacts of foreign currency translation recognized to cumulative translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Foreign currency transactions gains and losses are included in other expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company recognizes all share-based payments to employees and directors, including grants of stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs) and common stock awards in the income statement as an operating expense, based on their fair value. The Company’s stock awards use a graded vesting schedule. The Company recognizes the option expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period.
The Company computes the estimated fair values of stock options and warrants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The closing market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant is used to calculate the fair value of restricted stock units and common stock awards.
Stock-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest and is reduced for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Equity instruments issued to non-employees include RSUs, warrants or options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. These RSUs, warrants or options are either fully-vested and exercisable at the date of grant or vest over a certain period during which services are provided. The Company expenses the fair market value of fully vested awards at the time of grant, and of unvested awards over the period in which the related services are received. Unvested awards are remeasured to fair value until they vest.
See Note 5 for further information regarding the assumptions used to calculate the fair value of share-based compensation.
Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes are provided on a liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences, which are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
Net Loss per Share
Basic net loss attributable to common stockholders, on a per share basis, is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders (the numerator) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (the denominator) during the period. Shares issued during the period and shares reacquired during the period are weighted for the portion of the period that they were outstanding. The computation of diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares had been issued and computed in accordance with the treasury stock method. In addition, in computing the dilutive effect of convertible securities, the numerator is adjusted to add back the after-tax amount of interest recognized in the period associated with any convertible debt. Shares reserved for outstanding stock warrants and options and restricted stock units totaling 2,302,257, 2,832,194, and 3,623,806 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, were excluded from the computation of loss per share as their effect was antidilutive due to the Company’s net loss in each of those years.
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist primarily of development personnel and non-employee contractor costs related to the development of new products and services, enhancement of existing products and services, quality assurance and testing. The Company incurred research and development expenses of $17.7 million, $16.9 million and $13.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued amended revenue recognition guidance to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. The guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires expanded disclosures relating to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative disclosures are required about customer contracts, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. In August 2015, the FASB amended the guidance to defer the effective date by one year, so this guidance will be effective for the Company’s interim and annual periods beginning January 1, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on its business practices, financial condition, results of operations and disclosures.
In August 2014, the FASB amended guidance relating to the presentation and disclosure of the uncertainties of an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. This guidance explicitly requires management of a company to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosure in certain circumstances. This guidance is effective for the Company’s annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual and interim periods beginning thereafter, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have, if any, on its financial statements and disclosures.
In April 2015, the FASB issued amended guidance concerning debt issuance costs in relation to a recognized debt liability to require it be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. This guidance is effective for the Company’s interim and annual reporting periods beginning January 1, 2016. Upon adoption of this standard, the Company will reclassify $121,000 of unamortized debt issuance costs currently classified as Other Current Assets and as Other Assets in the accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2015, to an offset of Current and Long-Term Debt.
In November 2015, the FASB issued amended guidance concerning the classification of deferred taxes on the balance sheet to require that deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities be presented as noncurrent in a classified balance sheet. The amendment is effective for our annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard will not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as all deferred tax assets are fully reserved.
In February 2016, the FASB issued updated guidance to improve financial reporting about leasing transactions. This guidance will require organizations that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. This guidance is effective for the Company’s annual reporting period beginning January 1, 2020, and for interim periods beginning January 1, 2021. The Company is evaluating the impact that the adoption of this standard will have, if any, on its financial statements and disclosures.
The Company evaluates events through the date the financial statements are filed for events requiring adjustment to or disclosure in the financial statements.
Note 2—Balance Sheet Information
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment were as follows:
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
December 31, 2015 |
|
December 31, 2014 |
| ||
|
Office Furniture & Fixtures |
|
$ |
269 |
|
$ |
229 |
|
|
Leasehold Improvements |
|
145 |
|
145 |
| ||
|
Software |
|
121 |
|
65 |
| ||
|
Production Equipment |
|
837 |
|
786 |
| ||
|
Computer Equipment |
|
273 |
|
221 |
| ||
|
Total |
|
1,645 |
|
1,446 |
| ||
|
Accumulated Depreciation |
|
(1,110 |
) |
(785 |
) | ||
|
|
|
$ |
535 |
|
$ |
661 |
|
Note 3—Debt
On February 18, 2015, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Silicon Valley Bank for proceeds of up to $10.0 million at an annual interest rate of 7.0%. Under this agreement, a $6.0 million term loan was funded at closing and an additional term loan in the amount of $2.0 million was funded on June 26, 2015. Availability of the second term loan was conditioned on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granting the Company interim analysis of COUNTER HF™, its U.S. pivotal study for the C-Pulse® Heart Assist System. The Company achieved this regulatory milestone in February 2015. The remaining $2.0 million term loan was available until September 30, 2015, provided that the Company had enrolled its one hundredth patient in the COUNTER HF study on or before that date. The Company did not achieve this milestone and did not secure additional borrowings under this facility. Total borrowings outstanding under the Silicon Valley Bank facility totaled $8.0 million as of December 31, 2015. The carrying amount of this debt approximated its fair value as of December 31, 2015.
On December 8, 2015, the Company entered into an amendment to the loan and security agreement. The amendment removed the existing requirement to raise a minimum of $20.0 million in unencumbered net cash proceeds from the issuance and sale of equity securities by March 31, 2016. The Company agreed instead to a liquidity covenant requiring it to maintain cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal to or greater than eight times the Company’s monthly cash burn amount. The amendment also increased the prepayment fees required to be paid by the Company in the event that the loan is repaid before its maturity date.
The proceeds from the term loans are used for general corporate and working capital purposes. The Company was entitled to make interest only payments until January 1, 2016. Commencing on January 1, 2016, and continuing on the first day of each calendar month thereafter, the Company is required to repay the advances made in twenty-four consecutive equal monthly installments. Principal payments coming due within twelve months have been classified as current in the accompanying balance sheet.
The agreement is secured by a security interest in assets of the Company and its current and future subsidiaries, including a security interest in intellectual property proceeds, but excluding a current security interest in intellectual property. The agreement contains a liquidity covenant that requires that the Company maintain cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal or greater than eight times its monthly cash utilization, as well as customary representations (tested on a continual basis) and covenants that, subject to exceptions, restrict the Company’s ability to do the following things: declare dividends or redeem or repurchase equity interests; incur additional liens; make loans and investments; incur additional indebtedness; engage in mergers, acquisitions, and asset sales; transact with affiliates; undergo a change in control; add or change business locations; and engage in businesses that are not related to its existing business. As of December 31, 2015, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under this agreement.
Upon repayment of the term loans, the Company is required to make a final payment to Silicon Valley Bank equal to 5.0% of the original principal amount of the term loans. This final payment totals $0.4 million and it has been classified as Other Liabilities on the accompanying balance sheet as of December 31, 2015.
Debt obligations and the related interest rate were as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
Interest Rate |
|
Maturity |
|
December |
| |
|
Loan Facility Tranche A |
|
7.0 |
% |
December 2017 |
|
$ |
6,000 |
|
|
Loan Facility Tranche B |
|
7.0 |
% |
December 2017 |
|
2,000 |
| |
|
Total Debt |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
8,000 |
|
|
Less Loan Discount |
|
|
|
|
|
201 |
| |
|
Less Current Maturities |
|
|
|
|
|
3,858 |
| |
|
Total Long Term Debt |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
3,941 |
|
Warrants: In connection with funding of the first term loan for $6.0 million, the Company issued 68,996 warrants at an exercise price of $5.22 per share to Silicon Valley Bank and one of its affiliates. The Company valued these warrants at $3.86 per share utilizing the Black Scholes valuation model and the following assumptions: an expected dividend yield of 0%, an expected stock price volatility of 88.07%, a risk-free interest rate of 1.86%, and an expected life of 6.25 years.
In connection with the funding of the second term loan for $2.0 million, the Company issued 32,609 warrants at an exercise price of $3.68 per share to Silicon Valley Bank and one of its affiliates. The Company valued these warrants at $2.71 per share utilizing the Black Scholes valuation model and the following assumptions: an expected dividend yield of 0%, an expected stock price volatility of 87.04%, a risk-free interest rate of 2.20%, and an expected life of 6.25 years.
All warrants have a life of ten years and were fully vested at the date of grant. The value of these warrants was recorded as debt discount in the accompanying balance sheet and is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt agreement using the effective interest rate method. As of December 31, 2015, $201,000 of unamortized debt discount was netted against long-term debt in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Note 4—Shareholder’s Equity
Stockholder Rights Plan
On June 14, 2013, the Company adopted a stockholder rights plan (the “Rights Plan”), which entitles the holders of the rights to purchase from the Company 1/1,000th of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, at a purchase price of $35.00 per share, as adjusted (a “Right”), upon certain trigger events. In connection therewith, on June 14, 2013, the Company’s board of directors authorized 30,000 shares of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock and it declared a dividend of one Right per each share of common stock of the Company outstanding as of June 24, 2013. Each 1/1,000th of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock has terms that are substantially the economic and voting equivalent of one share of the Company’s common stock. However, until a Right is exercised or exchanged in accordance with the provisions of the Rights Plan, the holder thereof will have no rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, but not limited to, the right to vote for the election of directors or upon any matter submitted to stockholders of the Company. The Rights Plan has a three-year term and the board of directors may terminate the Rights Plan at any time (subject to the redemption of the Rights for a nominal value). The Rights may cause substantial dilution to a person or group (together with all affiliates and associates of such person or group and any person or group of persons acting in concert therewith) that acquires beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the Company’s stock on terms not approved by the board of directors or takes other specified actions.
ATM Sales
On March 21, 2014, the Company entered into a sales agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with Cowen and Company LLC (“Cowen”). Under the Sales Agreement, the Company may sell from time to time, in “at the market” offerings, shares of its common stock registered under its currently effective registration statement on Form S-3. On March 21, 2014, the Company filed a prospectus supplement with the SEC in connection with the offering, relating to shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $40.0 million. The Company pays Cowen a commission of up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement.
During 2014, the Company sold 23,120 shares of common stock for net proceeds of $0.1 million, after stock issuance costs of $32,000. In 2015, the Company sold 1,256,380 shares of common stock for net proceeds of $7.1 million after stock issuance costs of $0.2 million. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had a total of $32.6 million available for future sales under the Sales Agreement.
Note 5— Stock-Based Compensation
Stock Options and Restricted Stock Awards
The Company has various share-based compensation plans, including the Amended and Restated 2002 Stock Plan, the Second Amended and Restated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, the 2013 Non-Employee Directors’ Equity Incentive Plan and the New-Hire Equity Incentive Plan (collectively, the “Plans”). The Plans are designed to assist in attracting, motivating and retaining employees
and directors and to recognize the importance of employees to the long-term performance and success of the Company. The Company has also granted stock options to certain non-employees outside of the Plans.
The Company recognized share-based compensation expense related to grants of stock options, RSUs and common stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of $2.437 million, $3.085 million, and $3.604 million during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense which was recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31:
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2015 |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
| |||
|
Selling, general and administrative |
|
$ |
1,612 |
|
$ |
2,241 |
|
$ |
2,722 |
|
|
Research and development |
|
825 |
|
844 |
|
882 |
| |||
|
Total |
|
$ |
2,437 |
|
$ |
3,085 |
|
$ |
3,604 |
|
The majority of the RSUs and options to purchase common stock vest on the anniversary of the date of grant, which ranges from one to four years. Share-based compensation expense related to these awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the related vesting term in most cases, which generally is the service period. It is the Company’s policy to issue new shares upon the exercise of options.
Stock Options: The following is a summary of the Plans’ stock option activity during the years ended December 31:
|
|
|
2015 |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
| |||||||||
|
|
|
Options |
|
Weighted |
|
Options |
|
Weighted |
|
Options |
|
Weighted |
| |||
|
Beginning Balance |
|
2,170,493 |
|
$ |
6.51 |
|
1,886,579 |
|
$ |
8.80 |
|
1,113,244 |
|
$ |
9.47 |
|
|
Granted |
|
275,460 |
|
3.90 |
|
776,348 |
|
5.37 |
|
905,900 |
|
8.17 |
| |||
|
Exercised |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(16,580 |
) |
5.88 |
|
— |
|
— |
| |||
|
Forfeited/expired |
|
(452,879 |
) |
6.41 |
|
(475,854 |
) |
10.98 |
|
(132,565 |
) |
10.06 |
| |||
|
Outstanding at December 31 |
|
1,993,074 |
|
$ |
6.13 |
|
2,170,493 |
|
$ |
6.51 |
|
1,886,579 |
|
$ |
8.80 |
|
|
Exercisable at December 31 |
|
1,246,819 |
|
$ |
6.72 |
|
995,351 |
|
$ |
7.18 |
|
801,480 |
|
$ |
8.95 |
|
For options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2015, the weighted average remaining contractual life was 7.38 years and 8.07 years, respectively. The total intrinsic value, calculated as the closing stock price at year-end less the option exercise price, of options exercised during 2014 was $56,000. There were no option exercises in 2015.
The total fair value of options that vested in 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $1.9 million, $1.8 million and $1.6 million, respectively, at the fair value of the options as of the date of grant.
Valuation Assumptions: The fair value of each stock option is estimated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of stock options under the Black-Scholes model requires management to make assumptions regarding projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rates, volatility of the Company’s stock price, and expected dividends.
The Company has not historically paid cash dividends to its stockholders, and currently does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result the Company has assumed a dividend yield of 0%. The risk free interest rate is based upon the rates of U.S. Treasury bills with a term that approximates the expected life of the option. Since the Company has limited historical exercise data to reasonably estimate the expected life of its option awards, the expected life is calculated using a simplified method. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock.
The following table provides the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model:
|
|
|
For the Years ended December 31 |
| ||||
|
|
|
2015 |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
|
|
Expected dividend yield |
|
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
0 |
% |
|
Risk-free interest rate |
|
1.89 |
% |
2.12 |
% |
1.31 |
% |
|
Expected volatility |
|
88 |
% |
91 |
% |
96 |
% |
|
Expected life (in years) |
|
6.25 |
|
6.25 |
|
5.5 |
|
The weighted-average fair value of stock options granted in 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $2.62, $4.05, and $5.54, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, the total compensation cost related to all non-vested stock option awards not yet recognized was $1.8 million and is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average period of 2.3 years.
Effective September 23, 2014, the Company redenominated certain outstanding stock options totaling 539,869 shares originally granted to non-Australia-based employees with an AU$ exercise price to the equivalent US$ exercise price, the Company’s functional currency. The redenomination was computed using the quoted currency exchange rate on September 23, 2014 and did not result in the recognition of any incremental stock option expense as a result of the modification.
Restricted Stock Awards: The following table summarizes restricted stock award activity during 2015, 2014 and 2013:
|
|
|
2015 |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
| |||||||||
|
|
|
RSUs |
|
Weighted |
|
RSUs |
|
Weighted |
|
RSUs |
|
Weighted |
| |||
|
Nonvested, beginning balance |
|
156,535 |
|
$ |
5.06 |
|
84,128 |
|
$ |
11.32 |
|
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
Granted |
|
27,195 |
|
4.29 |
|
244,225 |
|
5.07 |
|
116,202 |
|
10.97 |
| |||
|
Vested |
|
(171,290 |
) |
4.37 |
|
(168,682 |
) |
8.11 |
|
(32,074 |
) |
10.01 |
| |||
|
Forfeited |
|
(1,100 |
) |
3.20 |
|
(3,136 |
) |
10.90 |
|
— |
|
— |
| |||
|
Nonvested at December 31 |
|
11,340 |
|
$ |
4.29 |
|
156,535 |
|
$ |
5.06 |
|
84,128 |
|
$ |
11.32 |
|
During 2015, 2014, and 2013 employees tendered restricted stock units totaling 65,858, 70,161, and 9,779, respectively, to cover related payroll tax withholdings.
Common Stock Issuances
Fully vested common stock awards totaling 105,605 shares at a weighted average value of $11.32 per share were issued in the year ended December 31, 2013. Of these share awarded, 49,137 shares were tendered to the Company to cover related employee tax withholdings. There were no awards of fully vested common stock in 2015 or 2014.
Warrants
During the year ended December 31, 2014, 2,798 warrants were exercised at a price of AU$6.40 per share for total proceeds of $16,000 and 15,000 warrants were exercised at a price of AU$6.40 per share resulting in the net issuance of 5,397 shares of common stock.
Warrants to purchase 297,843, 505,166, and 1,630,804 shares of common stock were outstanding at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As of December 31,2015, there were 297,843 warrants outstanding that were exercisable at prices ranging from $3.68 to $8.03 per share, and are exercisable over a period ranging from two months to 9.5 years.
Note 6—Income Taxes
Domestic and foreign loss before income taxes, consists of the following:
|
|
|
For the years ended December 31, |
| |||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2015 |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
| |||
|
Domestic |
|
$ |
(26,665 |
) |
$ |
(25,773 |
) |
$ |
(22,149 |
) |
|
Foreign |
|
(42 |
) |
(63 |
) |
(822 |
) | |||
|
Loss before income taxes |
|
$ |
(26,707 |
) |
$ |
(25,836 |
) |
$ |
(22,971 |
) |
The components of income tax benefit consist of the following:
|
|
|
For the years ended December 31, |
| |||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2015 |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
| |||
|
Current: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
United States and state |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
136 |
|
|
Foreign, net |
|
124 |
|
249 |
|
1,077 |
| |||
|
Deferred: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
United States and state |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
| |||
|
Foreign |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
| |||
|
Total income tax benefit |
|
$ |
124 |
|
$ |
249 |
|
$ |
1,213 |
|
Actual income tax benefit differs from statutory federal income tax benefit as follows:
|
|
|
For the years ended December 31, |
| |||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2015 |
|
2014 |
|
2013 |
| |||
|
Statutory federal income tax benefit |
|
$ |
9,066 |
|
$ |
8,784 |
|
$ |
7,810 |
|
|
State tax benefit, net of federal taxes |
|
4 |
|
— |
|
1,363 |
| |||
|
Foreign tax |
|
3 |
|
23 |
|
(33 |
) | |||
|
R&D tax credit |
|
135 |
|
265 |
|
1,213 |
| |||
|
Nondeductible/nontaxable items |
|
(186 |
) |
(283 |
) |
(367 |
) | |||
|
Other |
|
(164 |
) |
— |
|
(119 |
) | |||
|
Valuation allowance increase |
|
(8,734 |
) |
(8,540 |
) |
(8,654 |
) | |||
|
Total income tax benefit |
|
$ |
124 |
|
$ |
249 |
|
$ |
1,213 |
|
Deferred taxes consist of the following:
|
|
|
As of |
| ||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
December 31, 2015 |
|
December 31, 2014 |
| ||
|
Deferred tax assets: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
Current: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
Accrued leave |
|
$ |
71 |
|
$ |
84 |
|
|
Other accrued expenses |
|
163 |
|
97 |
| ||
|
Total current deferred tax asset |
|
234 |
|
181 |
| ||
|
Noncurrent: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
Stock based compensation |
|
1,539 |
|
1,287 |
| ||
|
Net operating loss carryforward |
|
44,462 |
|
37,248 |
| ||
|
Deferred rent |
|
21 |
|
29 |
| ||
|
Other |
|
52 |
|
54 |
| ||
|
R&D credit carryforward |
|
531 |
|
531 |
| ||
|
Total noncurrent deferred tax assets |
|
46,605 |
|
39,149 |
| ||
|
Total deferred tax assets |
|
$ |
46,839 |
|
$ |
39,330 |
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
Current: |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
Noncurrent: |
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
Fixed assets |
|
— |
|
(31 |
) | ||
|
Total deferred tax liabilities |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
(31 |
) |
|
Net deferred tax asset |
|
46,839 |
|
39,299 |
| ||
|
Less: valuation allowance |
|
(46,839 |
) |
(39,299 |
) | ||
|
Total |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
As of December 31, 2015, the Company had net operating loss (“NOLs”) carryforwards of approximately $94.0 million for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which expire between 2024 and 2034, and NOLs in the Commonwealth of Australia of approximately AU$49.1 million which the Company can carry forward indefinitely. U.S. NOLs cannot be used to offset taxable income in foreign jurisdictions. In addition, future utilization of NOL carryforwards in the U.S. may be subject to certain limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code.
The Company received $135,000, $265,000, and $1.1 million fully refundable research and development tax credits in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, related to qualified research and development expenditures of its Australian subsidiary for its tax years ended June 30, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. The Company has not completed its Australian tax return for its Australian subsidiaries tax year ended June 30, 2015. As the Company cannot be reasonably assured of the amount or eligibility of the refundable research and development credit resulting from its Australian research and development activities, the Company has not reflected a benefit related to the research and development credit in its income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2015.
The Company provides for a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that it will not realize a portion of the deferred tax assets. The Company has established a valuation allowance for U.S. and foreign deferred tax assets due to the uncertainty that enough taxable income will be generated in those taxing jurisdictions to utilize the assets. Therefore, the Company has not reflected any benefit of such deferred tax assets in the accompanying financial statements. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the valuation allowance increased by $7.5 million and $5.1 million, respectively.
The accounting guidance related to uncertain tax positions prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. It also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company had no material uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2015, 2014 or 2013.
The Company recognizes interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits as well as interest received from favorable tax settlements within income tax expense. During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company recorded no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.
The tax years ended December 31, 2012 through December 31, 2015 remain open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service. For the various states where we are subject to taxation, the fiscal tax years ended June 30, 2011 through December 31, 2015, remain open to examination. Additionally, the returns of the Company’s Australian and Irish subsidiary are subject to examination by tax authorities of those jurisdictions for the tax years ended and subsequent to June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
Note 7—Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
The Company leases office space under a non-cancelable operating lease that expires in March 2019. The lease contains provisions for future annual inflationary adjustments. Rent expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the term of the lease.
The Company leases office equipment under non-cancelable operating leases that expire at various times through May 2016.
Rent expense related to operating leases was approximately $261,000, $179,000, and $196,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2015, were approximately $198,000, $199,000, $195,000, $49,000, and $0 for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, through 2020, respectively.
Employee Retirement Plan
The Company has a 401(k) profit sharing plan that provides retirement benefit to substantially all full-time U.S. employees. Eligible employees may contribute a percentage of their annual compensation, subject to IRS limitations, with the Company matching a portion of the employee’s contributions at the discretion of the Company. Matching contributions totaled $147,000, $146,000 and $14,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Note 8—Segment and Geographic Information
The Company has one reportable segment, cardiac and coronary disease products.
At December 31, 2015, long-lived assets were located primarily in the United States.
Note 9—Quarterly Financial Data (unaudited)
|
|
|
Net |
|
Operating |
|
Net Loss |
|
Basic and |
| ||||
|
|
|
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) |
|
|
| ||||||||
|
2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
|
First Quarter |
|
$ |
59 |
|
$ |
7,051 |
|
$ |
(7,063 |
) |
$ |
(0.40 |
) |
|
Second Quarter |
|
— |
|
6,331 |
|
(6,358 |
) |
(0.35 |
) | ||||
|
Third Quarter |
|
— |
|
6,273 |
|
(6,558 |
) |
(0.36 |
) | ||||
|
Fourth Quarter |
|
— |
|
6,354 |
|
(6,604 |
) |
(0.36 |
) | ||||
|
Totals |
|
$ |
59 |
|
$ |
26,017 |
|
$ |
(26,583 |
) |
$ |
(1.47 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
|
2014 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
|
First Quarter |
|
$ |
59 |
|
$ |
6,424 |
|
$ |
(6,332 |
) |
$ |
(0.38 |
) |
|
Second Quarter |
|
|
|
6,656 |
|
(6,380 |
) |
(0.35 |
) | ||||
|
Third Quarter |
|
59 |
|
6,169 |
|
(6,132 |
) |
(0.36 |
) | ||||
|
Fourth Quarter |
|
177 |
|
6,833 |
|
(6,743 |
) |
(0.40 |
) | ||||
|
Totals |
|
$ |
295 |
|
$ |
26,082 |
|
$ |
(25,587 |
) |
$ |
(1.51 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
|
2013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||||
|
First Quarter |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
4,402 |
|
$ |
(4,399 |
) |
$ |
(0.47 |
) |
|
Second Quarter |
|
— |
|
5,300 |
|
(4,220 |
) |
(0.35 |
) | ||||
|
Third Quarter |
|
59 |
|
6,233 |
|
(6,035 |
) |
(0.47 |
) | ||||
|
Fourth Quarter |
|
— |
|
6,995 |
|
(7,104 |
) |
(0.42 |
) | ||||
|
Totals |
|
$ |
59 |
|
$ |
22,930 |
|
$ |
(21,758 |
) |
$ |
(1.71 |
) |
Note 10—Subsequent Events
On March 3, 2016, the Company announced that it is no longer enrolling patients into the COUNTER HF and OPTIONS HF studies and that it plans to pursue a new strategic direction, which includes seeking approval for a short term clinical study in which patients will remain on therapy for a shorter duration, making certain improvements to the C-Pulse System and implant procedure in connection therewith, and focusing additional resources on the development of a fully-implantable system.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (together, the “Certifying Officers”), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance of achieving the desired objectives. Also, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been
detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. The design of any system of controls is based, in part, upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
As of December 31, 2015, the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Certifying Officers, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their stated objectives. Based on their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of December 31, 2015.
Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and Board; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Our management, including our Certifying Officers, recognizes that our internal control over financial reporting cannot prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Management, with the participation of the Certifying Officers, assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, the end of our fiscal year. Management based its assessment on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015.
This report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
None.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
The information required by this item is set forth under the following captions in our proxy statement to be filed with respect to the 2016 annual meeting of stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”), all of which is incorporated herein by reference: “Proposal 1 — Election of Directors,” “Board Matters — Committees of the Board,” “Board Matters — Corporate Governance,” “Executive Officers” and “Additional Matters — Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.”
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The information required by this item is set forth under the following captions in the Proxy Statement, all of which is incorporated herein by reference: “Board Matters — Director Compensation,” “Named Executive Officer Compensation Tables” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions — Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation.”
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
The information required by this item is set forth under the following captions in the Proxy Statement, all of which is incorporated herein by reference: “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Additional Matters — Equity Compensation Plan Information.”
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information required by this item is set forth under the following captions in the Proxy Statement, all of which is incorporated herein by reference: “Proposal 1 — Election of Directors — Director Independence” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions — Related Party Transactions.”
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
The information required by this item is set forth under the following captions in the Proxy Statement, all of which is incorporated herein by reference: “Audit Committee Matters.”
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
The following documents are filed as a part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
(a) Financial Statements: The financial statements filed as part of this report are listed in Part II, Item 8.
(b) Financial Statement Schedules: The schedules are either not applicable or the required information is presented in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
(c) Exhibits: The exhibits incorporated by reference or filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are listed in the attached Index to Exhibits.
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each individual person whose signature appears below hereby appoints John Erb and Claudia Drayton as attorneys-in-fact with full power of substitution, severally, to execute in the name and on behalf of each such person, individually and in each capacity stated below, one or more amendments to this annual report which amendments may make such changes in the report as the attorney-in-fact acting in the premises deems appropriate, to file any such amendment to the report with the SEC, and to take all other actions either of them deem necessary or advisable to enable the Company to comply with the rules, regulations and requirements of the SEC.
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
|
Date: March 15, 2016 |
SUNSHINE HEART, INC. | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
By: |
/S/ JOHN L. ERB |
|
|
|
John L. Erb |
|
|
|
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
|
Signature |
|
Title |
|
Date |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/S/ JOHN L. ERB |
|
Chief Executive Officer and Director |
|
March 15, 2016 |
|
John L. Erb |
|
(principal executive officer) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/S/ CLAUDIA DRAYTON |
|
Chief Financial Officer |
|
March 15, 2016 |
|
Claudia Drayton |
|
(principal financial and accounting officer) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/S/ PAUL R. BUCKMAN |
|
Director |
|
March 15, 2016 |
|
Paul R. Buckman |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/S/ JON W. SALVESON |
|
Director |
|
March 15, 2016 |
|
Jon W. Salveson |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/S/ GREGORY D. WALLER |
|
Director |
|
March 15, 2016 |
|
Gregory D. Waller |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/S/ WARREN S. WATSON |
|
Director |
|
March 15, 2016 |
|
Warren S. Watson |
|
|
|
|
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
|
|
|
Incorporated By Reference |
|
|
|
| ||||
|
Exhibit |
|
Exhibit Description |
|
Form |
|
File |
|
Date of First Filing |
|
Exhibit |
|
Filed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.1 |
|
Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation |
|
10 |
|
001-35312 |
|
February 1, 2012 |
|
3.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.2 |
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws |
|
10 |
|
001-35312 |
|
September 30, 2011 |
|
3.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.3 |
|
Form of Certificate of Designations of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock |
|
8-K |
|
001-35312 |
|
June 14, 2013 |
|
3.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.1 |
|
Rights Agreement dated June 14, 2013 by and between the Company and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as Rights Agent |
|
8-K |
|
001-35312 |
|
June 14, 2013 |
|
4.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.2 |
|
Warrant to Purchase Stock, dated February 18, 2015, issued to Silicon Valley Bank |
|
8-K |
|
001-35312 |
|
February 19, 2015 |
|
4.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.3 |
|
Warrant to Purchase Stock, dated February 18, 2015, issued to Life Science Loans, LLC |
|
8-K |
|
001-35312 |
|
February 19, 2015 |
|
4.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.1 |
|
Amended and Restated 2002 Stock Plan† |
|
10 |
|
001-35312 |
|
December 16, 2011 |
|
10.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.2 |
|
Form of Notice of Stock Option Grant and Option Agreement for Amended and Restated 2002 Stock Plan† |
|
10 |
|
001-35312 |
|
September 30, 2011 |
|
10.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.3 |
|
Second Amended and Restated 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended† |
|
14A |
|
001-35312 |
|
July 27, 2012 |
|
App. A |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.4 |
|
Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Option Agreement for 2011 Equity Incentive Plan † |
|
10 |
|
001-35312 |
|
September 30, 2011 |
|
10.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.5 |
|
Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Option Agreement (Senior Management) for 2011 Equity Incentive Plan† |
|
10 |
|
001-35312 |
|
September 30, 2011 |
|
10.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.6 |
|
Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Option Agreement (Director) for 2011 Equity Incentive Plan† |
|
8-K |
|
001-35312 |
|
September 18, 2012 |
|
10.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.7 |
|
Form of Stock Grant Notice and Award Agreement for 2011 Equity Incentive Plan† |
|
8-K |
|
001-35312 |
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September 10, 2013 |
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10.1 |
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10.8 |
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Form of Restricted Stock Unit |
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8-K |
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001-35312 |
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September 10, 2013 |
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10.2 |
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Grant Notice and Agreement for 2011 Equity Incentive Plan† |
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10.9 |
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2013 Non-Employee Directors’ Equity Incentive Plan† |
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14A |
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001-35312 |
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April 5, 2013 |
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App. A |
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10.10 |
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Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Option Agreement for 2013 Non-Employee Directors’ Equity Incentive Plan† |
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10-K |
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001-35312 |
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March 20, 2014 |
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10.10 |
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10.11 |
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Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Grant Notice and Agreement for 2013 Non-Employee Directors’ Equity Incentive Plan† |
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10-K |
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001-35312 |
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March 20, 2014 |
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10.11 |
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10.12 |
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New-Hire Equity Incentive Plan† |
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10-Q |
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001-35312 |
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August 8, 2013 |
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10.1 |
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10.13 |
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First Amendment to New-Hire Equity Incentive Plan† |
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10-Q |
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001-35312 |
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November 12, 2013 |
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10.1 |
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10.14 |
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Second Amendment to New-Hire Equity Incentive Plan† |
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10-Q |
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333-202904 |
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March 20, 2015 |
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10.1 |
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10.15 |
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Form of Stock Option Grant Notice and Option Agreement for New-Hire Equity Incentive Plan† |
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10-K |
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001-35312 |
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March 20, 2014 |
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10.14 |
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10.16 |
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Form of Indemnity Agreement for the Company’s executive officers and directors† |
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10 |
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001-35312 |
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September 30, 2011 |
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10.1 |
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10.17 |
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Form of Change in Control Agreement for the Company’s executive officers† |
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10-K |
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001-35312 |
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March 20, 2015 |
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10.16 |
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10.18 |
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Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy† |
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10-Q |
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001-35312 |
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August 8, 2013 |
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10.2 |
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10.19 |
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Executive Employment Agreement dated February 6, 2013 by and between the Company and David A. Rosa† |
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8-K |
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001-35312 |
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February 6, 2013 |
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10.1 |
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10.21 |
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License, Supply & Manufacturing Agreement dated April 26, 2010 by and between the Company and DSM PTG, Inc.# |
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10 |
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001-35312 |
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February 14, 2012 |
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10.17 |
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10.22 |
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Lease Agreement dated October 21, 2011 by and between the Company and Silver Prairie Crossroads, LLC |
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10 |
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001-35312 |
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December 16, 2011 |
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10.18 |
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Incorporated By Reference |
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Exhibit |
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Exhibit Description |
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Form |
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File |
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Date of First Filing |
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Exhibit |
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Filed |
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10.23 |
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Sales Agreement dated March 21, 2014 by and between the Company and Cowen and Company, LLC |
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S-3 |
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333-194731 |
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March 21, 2014 |
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1.2 |
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10.24 |
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Loan and Security Agreement between the Company and Silicon Valley Bank dated February 18, 2015 |
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8-K |
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001-35312 |
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February 19, 2015 |
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10.1 |
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10.25 |
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First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement between the Company and Silicon Valley Bank dated December 8, 2015 |
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8-K |
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001-35312 |
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December 9, 2015 |
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99.1 |
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10.26 |
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Second Amendment to Lease, dated as of April 20, 2015, by and between the Company and Capital Partners Industrial Fund I, LLLP dba Prairie Crossroads Business Center |
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8-K |
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001-35312 |
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April 23, 2015 |
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10.1 |
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10.27 |
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Termination and Release Agreement dated January 1, 2015 by and between the Company and William S. Peters† |
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10-Q |
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001-35312 |
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May 7, 2015 |
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10.2 |
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10.28 |
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Separation and Release Agreement dated June 19, 2015 by and between the Company and Kimberly A. Oleson† |
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10-Q |
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001-35312 |
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August 5, 2015 |
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10.2 |
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10.29 |
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Separation and Release Agreement between the Company and David A. Rosa, dated November 30, 2015† |
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8-K |
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001-35312 |
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November 30, 2015 |
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99.1 |
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21 |
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List of subsidiaries of the Company |
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X |
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23 |
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Consent of Ernst & Young LLP |
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X |
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31.1 |
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Section 302 Certification—CEO |
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X |
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31.2 |
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Section 302 Certification—CFO |
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X |
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32.1 |
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Section 906 Certification—CEO |
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X |
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32.2 |
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Section 906 Certification — CFO |
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X |
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101.INS |
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XBRL Instance Document. |
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X |
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101.SCH |
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |
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X |
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101.CAL |
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |
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X |
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101.DEF |
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |
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X |
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101.LAB |
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |
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X |
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101.PRE |
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |
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X |
† Indicates management compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
# Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to certain portions of this exhibit, which portions have been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission as part of an application for confidential treatment pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.