OLD NATIONAL BANCORP /IN/ - Annual Report: 2019 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission File Number 1-15817

OLD NATIONAL BANCORP

(Exact name of the Registrant as specified in its charter)

(800) 731-2265

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☑

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (s232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting common stock held by non-affiliates on June 30, 2019, was $2,814,350,333 (based on the closing price on that date of $16.59).  In calculating the market value of securities held by non-affiliates of the registrant, the registrant has treated as securities held by affiliates as of June 30, 2019, voting stock owned of record by its directors and principal executive officers, and voting stock held by the registrant's trust department in a fiduciary capacity for benefit of its directors and principal executive officers.  This calculation does not reflect a determination that persons are affiliates for any other purposes.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock, as of January 31, 2020, was 169,054,000.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held April 30, 2020 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

OLD NATIONAL BANCORP

2019 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

As used in this report, references to “Old National,” “we,” “our,” “us,” and similar terms refer to the consolidated entity consisting of Old National Bancorp and its wholly-owned affiliates. Old National Bancorp refers solely to the parent holding company, and Old National Bank refers to Old National’s bank subsidiary.

The acronyms and abbreviations identified below are used throughout this report, including the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. You may find it helpful to refer to this page as you read this report.

ACH:  Automated Clearing House

Anchor (MN):  Anchor Bancorp, Inc.

Anchor Bank (MN):  Anchor Bank, N.A.

Anchor (WI):  Anchor BanCorp Wisconsin Inc.

AnchorBank (WI):  AnchorBank, fsb

AOCI:  accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

AQR:  asset quality rating

ASC:  Accounting Standards Codification

ASU:  Accounting Standards Update

ATM:  automated teller machine

CDO:  collateralized debt obligation

CECL:  current expected credit loss

CFPB:  Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Common Stock:  Old National Bancorp common stock, without par value

CReED:  Indiana Community Revitalization Enhancement District Tax Credit

DTI:  debt-to-income

FASB:  Financial Accounting Standards Board

FDIC:  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

FHLB:  Federal Home Loan Bank

FHLBI:  Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis

FHTC:  Federal Historic Tax Credit

FICO:  Fair Isaac Corporation

GAAP:  U.S. generally accepted accounting principles

GDP:  gross domestic product

Klein:  Klein Financial, Inc.

LGD:  loss given default

LIBOR:  London Interbank Offered Rate

LIHTC:  Low Income Housing Tax Credit

LTV:  loan-to-value

N/A:  not applicable

N/M:  not meaningful

NASDAQ:  The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

NOW:  negotiable order of withdrawal

OCC:  Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

ONI:  ONB Insurance Group, Inc.

OTTI:  other-than-temporary impairment

PCD:  purchased with credit deterioration

PCI:  purchased credit impaired

PD:  probability of default

PSA:  prepayment speed assumptions

Renewable Energy:  investment tax credits for solar projects

SAB:  Staff Accounting Bulletin

SEC:  Securities and Exchange Commission

SOFR:  Secured Overnight Financing Rate

TBA:  to be announced

TDR:  troubled debt restructuring

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OLD NATIONAL BANCORP

2019 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In this report, we have made various statements regarding current expectations or forecasts of future events, which speak only as of the date the statements are made.  These statements are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  Forward-looking statements are also made from time-to-time in press releases and in oral statements made by the officers of Old National Bancorp (“Old National” or the “Company”).  Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of the words “expect,” “may,” “could,” “intend,” “project,” “estimate,” “believe,” “anticipate,” and other words of similar meaning.  Forward-looking statements also include, but are not limited to, statements regarding estimated cost savings, plans and objectives for future operations, the Company’s business and growth strategies, including future acquisitions of banks, regulatory developments, and expectations about performance as well as economic and market conditions and trends.  

Such forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and estimates, which although believed to be reasonable, may turn out to be incorrect.  Therefore, undue reliance should not be placed upon these estimates and statements.  We cannot assure that any of these statements, estimates, or beliefs will be realized and actual results may differ from those contemplated in these “forward-looking statements.”  We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.  You are advised to consult further disclosures we may make on related subjects in our filings with the SEC.  In addition to other factors discussed in this report, some of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include the following:

Investors should consider these risks, uncertainties, and other factors in addition to risk factors included in this filing and our other filings with the SEC.

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PART I

GENERAL

Old National is a financial holding company incorporated in the state of Indiana and maintains its principal executive office in Evansville, Indiana.  We, through our wholly-owned banking subsidiary, provide a wide range of services, including commercial and consumer loan and depository services, private banking, brokerage, trust, investment advisory, and other traditional banking services.  At December 31, 2019, we employed 2,709 full-time equivalent associates.

COMPANY PROFILE

Old National Bank, our wholly-owned banking subsidiary (“Old National Bank”), was founded in 1834 and is the oldest company in Evansville, Indiana.  In 1982, Old National Bancorp was formed; in 2001 we became a financial holding company and we are currently the largest financial holding company headquartered in the state of Indiana with consolidated assets of $20.4 billion at December 31, 2019.

At December 31, 2019, Old National Bank operated 192 banking centers located primarily in Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Each of the branches of Old National Bank provide a group of similar community banking services, including such products and services as commercial, real estate and consumer loans, time deposits, checking and savings accounts, cash management, brokerage, trust, and investment advisory services.  The individual bank branches located throughout our Midwest footprint have similar operating and economic characteristics.

We earn interest income on loans as well as fee income from the origination of loans.  Lending activities include loans to individuals, which primarily consist of home equity lines of credit, residential real estate loans and consumer loans, and loans to commercial clients, which include commercial loans, commercial real estate loans, letters of credit, and lease financing.  Residential real estate loans are either kept in our loan portfolio or sold to secondary investors, with gains or losses from the sales being recognized.

We strive to serve individuals and commercial clients by providing depository services that fit their needs at competitive rates.  We pay interest on the interest-bearing deposits and receive service fee revenue on various accounts.  Deposit accounts include products such as noninterest-bearing demand, interest-bearing checking and NOW, savings and money market, and time deposits.  Debit and ATM cards provide clients with access to their accounts 24 hours a day at any ATM location.  We also provide 24-hour telephone access and online banking as well as other electronic and mobile banking services.

In addition to the community banking services of lending and providing deposit services, we offer comprehensive wealth management, investment, and foreign currency services.  For businesses, we provide treasury management, merchant, health savings, and capital markets services as well as community development lending and equity investment solutions that produce jobs and revitalize our communities.

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In January 2020, Old National commenced implementation of a strategic plan (“The ONB Way”), which has various detailed business objectives designed to keep the Company’s clients at the center of all we do.  The ONB Way includes:

MARKET AREA

We own the largest bank headquartered in Indiana.  Operating from a home base in Evansville, Indiana, we have continued to grow our footprint in Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.  Since the beginning of 2011, Old National has transformed its franchise by reducing low-return businesses and low-growth markets and investing in higher-growth markets.

The following table reflects information on the top markets we currently serve, demonstrating that our largest metropolitan statistical areas compare favorably to the national average.

Source: S&P Global Market Intelligence

ACQUISITION AND DIVESTITURE STRATEGY

Since the formation of Old National in 1982, we have acquired over 50 financial institutions and other financial services businesses.  Future acquisitions and divestitures will be driven by a disciplined financial evaluation process and will be consistent with the existing basic banking strategy which focuses on community banking, client relationships, and consistent quality earnings.  Targeted geographic markets for acquisitions include mid-size markets with average to above average growth rates.

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We anticipate that, as with previous acquisitions, the consideration paid by us in future acquisitions may be in the form of cash, debt, or Old National stock, or a combination thereof.  The amount and structure of such consideration is based on reasonable growth and cost savings assumptions and a thorough analysis of the impact on both long- and short-term financial results.

Our most recent acquisitions included the following:

In regard to future partnerships, we are an active looker and a selective buyer.  We are patient and continue to wait for the perfect pitch while we remain focused on execution.

Divestitures

On August 14, 2015, Old National divested its southern Illinois region (twelve branches) along with four branches in eastern Indiana and one in Ohio.  At closing, the purchasers assumed loans of $193.6 million and deposits of $555.8 million.  Old National recorded a net pre-tax gain of $15.6 million in connection with the divestitures, which included a deposit premium of $19.3 million, goodwill allocation of $3.8 million, and $0.9 million of other transaction expenses.

On May 31, 2016, the Company sold its insurance operations, ONI.  The Company received approximately $91.8 million in cash resulting in a pre-tax gain of $41.9 million and an after-tax gain of $17.6 million.  Goodwill and intangible assets of approximately $47.5 million were eliminated as part of this transaction.  ONI was an ancillary business and did not meet the criteria to be treated as a discontinued operation as defined in Accounting Standards Update 2014-08, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity.”

On October 26, 2018, the Company divested ten branches in Wisconsin to Marine Credit Union of La Crosse, Wisconsin.  At closing, the purchasers assumed $230.6 million in deposits and no loans.  Old National recorded a net pre-tax gain of $14.0 million in connection with the sale, which included a deposit premium of $15.0 million, goodwill allocation of $0.6 million, and $0.4 million of other transaction expenses.

Since the beginning of 2011 through the end of 2019, we have consolidated 159 banking centers.  Over the same period, we have more than doubled our assets and have increased our average total deposits per branch from $34 million to approximately $76 million, while only increasing our number of banking centers by 31 to 192.

Another component of The ONB Way is the optimization of our branch network. This optimization, which includes 31 banking centers scattered throughout the footprint that will be consolidated in April 2020, reflects an ongoing shift among our clients toward digital banking solutions. Many of the facilities to be consolidated are in smaller markets, several of which were added in recent years through partnership activity.  By state, these consolidations include ten banking centers in both Wisconsin and Indiana, five in Michigan, four in Minnesota, and two in Kentucky.

COMPETITION

The banking industry and related financial service providers operate in a highly competitive market.  Old National competes with financial service providers such as other commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market mutual funds, and other financial intermediaries.  In addition, Financial Technology, or FinTech, start-ups are emerging in key areas of banking.

Many of our nonfinancial institution competitors have fewer regulatory constraints, broader geographic service areas, greater capital, and, in some cases, lower cost structures.  In addition, competition for quality customers has intensified as a result of changes in regulation, mergers and acquisitions, advances in technology and product

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delivery systems, consolidation among financial service providers, bank failures, and the conversion of certain former investment banks to bank holding companies.

SUPERVISION AND REGULATION

Old National is subject to extensive regulation under federal and state laws.  The regulatory framework is intended primarily for the protection of depositors, federal deposit insurance funds, and the banking system as a whole and not for the protection of shareholders and creditors.

Significant elements of the laws and regulations applicable to Old National and its subsidiaries are described below.  The descriptions are not intended to be complete and are qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the statutes, regulations and policies that are described.  Also, such statutes, regulations and policies are continually under review by Congress and state legislatures and federal and state regulatory agencies.  A change in statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies applicable to Old National and its subsidiaries, for which Old National cannot predict, could have a material effect on the business of the Company.

The Dodd-Frank Act.  On July 21, 2010, financial regulatory reform legislation entitled the “Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act” (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) was signed into law.  The Dodd-Frank Act significantly restructured the financial regulatory environment in the United States. The Dodd-Frank Act contains numerous provisions that affect all bank holding companies and banks, including Old National and Old National Bank, some of which are described in more detail below.  The scope and impact of many of the Dodd-Frank Act provisions were determined and issued over time. The impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on Old National has been substantial.  Provisions in the legislation affect the payment of interest on demand deposits, collection of interchange fees associated with certain deposits, and placed limits on certain revenues on those deposits.

The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (the “Economic Growth Act”), which was enacted in May 2018, repealed or modified several provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act.  Certain key provisions of the Economic Growth Act and its implementing regulations include:

The Volcker Rule.  Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act contains provisions prohibiting proprietary trading and restricting the activities involving private equity and hedge funds (the “Volcker Rule”).  Rules implementing the Volcker Rule were adopted in December 2013.  Proprietary trading is defined as the trading of securities, derivatives, or futures (or options on any of the foregoing) as principal, where such trading is principally for the purpose of short-term resale, benefiting from actual or expected short-term price movements and realizing short-term arbitrage profits. The rule’s definition of proprietary trading specifically excludes market-making-related activity, certain government issued securities trading and certain risk management activities.  Old National and Old National Bank do not engage in any prohibited proprietary trading activities.  During 2019, the federal financial agencies announced revisions to the Volcker Rule that will simplify and streamline compliance requirements for Old National Bank.

Bank Holding Company Regulation.  Old National is registered as a bank holding company and has elected to be a financial holding company.  It is subject to the supervision of, and regulation by, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHC Act”).  The Federal Reserve has issued regulations under the BHC Act requiring a bank holding company to serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary banks.  It is the policy of the Federal Reserve that, pursuant to this requirement, a bank holding company should stand ready to use its resources to provide adequate capital funds to its subsidiary banks during periods of financial stress or adversity.  Under this requirement, Old National is expected to commit resources to support Old National Bank, including at times when Old National

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may not be in a financial position to provide such resources. Any capital loans by a bank holding company to any of its subsidiary banks are subordinate in right of payment to depositors and to certain other indebtedness of such subsidiary banks. In the event of a bank holding company’s bankruptcy, any commitment by the bank holding company to a federal bank regulatory agency to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank will be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee and entitled to priority of payment.

The BHC Act requires the prior approval of the Federal Reserve to acquire more than a 5% voting interest of any bank or bank holding company.  Additionally, the BHC Act restricts Old National’s non-banking activities to those which are determined by the Federal Reserve to be closely related to banking and a proper incident thereto.

Under the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (“FDICIA”), a bank holding company is required to guarantee the compliance of any insured depository institution subsidiary that may become “undercapitalized” (as defined in FDICIA) with the terms of any capital restoration plan filed by such subsidiary with its appropriate federal bank regulatory agency.

Capital and Liquidity Requirements. Bank holding companies are required to comply with the Federal Reserve’s risk-based capital guidelines.  The FDIC and the OCC have adopted risk-based capital ratio guidelines to which depository institutions under their respective supervision, including Old National Bank, are subject.  The guidelines establish a systematic analytical framework that makes regulatory capital requirements more sensitive to differences in risk profiles among banking organizations.  Risk-based capital ratios are determined by allocating assets and specified off-balance sheet commitments to four risk-weighted categories, with higher levels of capital being required for the categories perceived as representing greater risk.  Old National Bank exceeded all risk-based minimum capital requirements of the FDIC and OCC as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.  For Old National’s regulatory capital ratios and regulatory requirements as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, see Note 26 to the consolidated financial statements.

The federal regulatory authorities’ current risk-based capital guidelines are based upon the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (the “Basel Committee”).  The Basel Committee is a committee of international central banks and bank regulators responsible for establishing international supervisory guidelines for use in member jurisdictions to enhance and align bank regulation on a global scale and promote financial stability.  In December 2010 and January 2011, the Basel Committee published the final revisions to the international regulatory capital framework generally referred to as “Basel III,” as a response to deficiencies in the international regulatory standards identified during the global financial crisis.

Effective July 2, 2013, the Federal Reserve and the OCC approved final rules known as the “Basel III Capital Rules” substantially revising the risk-based capital and leverage capital requirements applicable to bank holding companies and depository institutions, including Old National and Old National Bank. The Basel III Capital Rules address the components of capital and other issues affecting the numerator in banking institutions’ regulatory capital ratios.  The Basel III Capital Rules also implement the requirements of Section 939A of the Dodd-Frank Act to remove references to credit ratings from the federal banking agencies’ rules. Certain of the Basel III Capital Rules came into effect for Old National and Old National Bank on January 1, 2015; subject to a phase-in period ending on December 31, 2018.

The Basel III Capital Rules introduced a new capital measure “Common Equity Tier 1” (“CET1”).  The rules specify that Tier 1 capital consists of CET1 and “Additional Tier 1 capital” instruments meeting specified requirements.  CET1 capital consists of common stock instruments that meet the eligibility criteria in the final rules, retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income, and common equity Tier 1 minority interest.  The rules also define CET1 narrowly by requiring that most adjustments to regulatory capital measures be made to CET1, and not to the other components of capital.  They also expand the scope of the adjustments as compared to existing regulations.  

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As of January 1, 2019, the Basel III Capital Rules require banking organizations to maintain:

The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Banking institutions with a ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets above the minimum but below the conservation buffer will face limitations on the payment of dividends, common stock repurchases and discretionary cash payments to executive officers based on the amount of the shortfall.

The Basel III Capital Rules provide for a number of deductions from and adjustments to CET1. These include, for example, the requirement that mortgage servicing rights, deferred tax assets dependent upon future taxable income and investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions be deducted from CET1 to the extent that any one such category exceeds 10% of CET1 or all such categories in the aggregate exceed 15% of CET1. Beginning in 2020, this framework for regulatory capital deductions to CET1 will be simplified by increasing the deduction threshold to 25% at the individual level for each of the aforementioned categories.  Under current capital standards, the effects of accumulated other comprehensive income items included in capital are excluded for the purposes of determining regulatory capital ratios. Under the Basel III Capital Rules, Old National and Old National Bank are given a one-time election (the “Opt-out Election”) to filter certain AOCI components, comparable to the treatment under the current general risk-based capital rule. The Company chose the Opt-out Election on the March 31, 2015 Call Report and FR Y-9C for Old National Bank and Old National, respectively.

Implementation of the deductions and other adjustments to CET1 began on January 1, 2015 and have been phased-in over a five-year period (20% per year). The implementation of the capital conservation buffer began on January 1, 2016 at the 0.625% level and was phased-in over a four-year period (increasing by that amount on each subsequent January 1, until it reached 2.5% on January 1, 2019).

The Basel III Capital Rules also provide for a “countercyclical capital buffer” that is applicable to only certain covered institutions and is not expected to have any current applicability to Old National or Old National Bank.

In addition, the Basel III Capital Rules revise the rules for calculating risk-weighted assets to enhance their risk sensitivity.  They establish a new framework under which mortgage-backed securities and other securitization exposures will be subject to risk-weights ranging from 20% to 1,250%.  The rules also establish adjusted risk-weights for credit exposures, including multi-family and commercial real estate exposures that are 90 days or more past due or on non-accrual, which will be subject to a 150% risk-weight, except in situations where qualifying collateral and/or guarantees are in place. The existing treatment of residential mortgage exposures will remain subject to either a 50% risk-weight (for prudently underwritten owner-occupied first liens that are current or less than 90 days past due) or a 100% risk-weight (for all other residential mortgage exposures including 90 days or more past due exposures).

Management believes that, as of December 31, 2019, Old National and Old National Bank would meet all capital adequacy requirements under the Basel III Capital Rules on a fully phased-in basis if such requirements were currently effective. Requirements to maintain higher levels of capital or to maintain higher levels of liquid assets could adversely impact the Company’s net income.

The Basel III Capital Rules permit banks with less than $15 billion in assets to continue to treat trust preferred securities as Tier 1 capital.  This treatment is permanently grandfathered as Tier 1 capital for organic growth but not as a result of a merger or acquisition.  On November 1, 2017, Old National acquired Anchor (MN) and exceeded $15 billion in assets. As the result of this acquisition, Tier 1 treatment of trust preferred securities is prohibited and those securities can only be treated as Tier 2 capital.  The Basel III Capital Rules also permit banks with less than

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$250 billion in assets to choose to continue excluding unrealized gains and losses on certain securities holdings for purposes of calculating regulatory capital.  As previously reported, Old National chose the Opt-out Election in its March 31, 2015 Call Report.  Additionally, the Basel III Capital Rules limit a banking organization’s capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments if the banking organization does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of a specified amount of CET1 capital in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.

The liquidity framework under the Basel III Capital Rules (the “Basel III liquidity framework”) applies a balance sheet perspective to establish quantitative standards designed to ensure that a banking organization is appropriately positioned to satisfy its short- and long-term funding needs. One test to address short-term liquidity risk is referred to as the liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”), designed to calculate the ratio of a banking entity’s high-quality liquid assets to its total net cashflows over a 30-day time horizon. The other test, referred to as the net stable funding ratio (“NSFR”), is designed to promote more medium- and long-term asset funding by incenting banking entities to increase their holdings of U.S. Treasury securities and other sovereign debt, as well as increase the use of long-term debt as a funding source. The Basel III liquidity framework was implemented as a minimum standard on January 1, 2015, with a phase-in period ending January 1, 2019.  However, the federal banking agencies have not proposed rules implementing the Basel III liquidity framework and have not determined to what extent it will apply to U.S. banks that are not large, internationally active banks.

Management believes that, as of December 31, 2019, Old National Bank would meet the LCR requirement under the Basel III liquidity framework on a fully phased-in basis if such requirements were currently effective. Management’s evaluation of the impact of the NSFR requirement is ongoing as of December 31, 2019.  Requirements to maintain higher levels of liquid assets could adversely impact the Company’s net income.

Prompt Corrective Action Regulations.  The Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the “FDIA”) requires, among other things, federal bank regulatory authorities to take “prompt corrective action” with respect to banks which do not meet minimum capital requirements.  Under current prompt corrective action regulations, a bank will be (i) “well capitalized” if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, and a leverage ratio of 5.0% or greater, and is not subject to any order or written directive by any such regulatory authority to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure; (ii) “adequately capitalized” if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 4.0% or greater, and a leverage ratio of 4.0% or greater and is not “well capitalized”; (iii) “undercapitalized” if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio that is less than 8.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4.0% or a leverage ratio of less than 4.0%; (iv) “significantly undercapitalized” if the institution has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 6.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 3.0% or a leverage ratio of less than 3.0%; and (v) “critically undercapitalized” if the institution’s tangible equity is equal to or less than 2.0% of average quarterly tangible assets.  An institution may be downgraded to, or deemed to be in, a capital category that is lower than indicated by its capital ratios if it is determined to be in an unsafe or unsound condition or if it receives an unsatisfactory examination rating with respect to certain matters.  A bank’s capital category is determined solely for the purpose of applying prompt corrective action regulations, and the capital category may not constitute an accurate representation of the bank’s overall financial condition or prospects for other purposes.

The Basel III Capital Rules revised the “prompt corrective action” regulations pursuant to Section 38 of the FDIA, by:

The FDIA generally prohibits a depository institution from making any capital distributions (including payment of a dividend) or paying any management fee to its parent holding company if the depository institution would thereafter be “undercapitalized.”  “Undercapitalized” institutions are subject to growth limitations and are required to submit a capital restoration plan. The agencies may not accept such a plan without determining, among other things, that the plan is based on realistic assumptions and is likely to succeed in restoring the depository institution’s capital. In addition, for a capital restoration plan to be acceptable, the depository institution’s parent holding company must

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guarantee that the institution will comply with such capital restoration plan.  The bank holding company must also provide appropriate assurances of performance.  The aggregate liability of the parent holding company is limited to the lesser of (i) an amount equal to 5.0% of the depository institution’s total assets at the time it became undercapitalized and (ii) the amount which is necessary (or would have been necessary) to bring the institution into compliance with all capital standards applicable with respect to such institution as of the time it fails to comply with the plan.  If a depository institution fails to submit an acceptable plan, it is treated as if it is “significantly undercapitalized.”

“Significantly undercapitalized” depository institutions may be subject to a number of requirements and restrictions, including orders to sell sufficient voting stock to become “adequately capitalized,” requirements to reduce total assets, and cessation of receipt of deposits from correspondent banks.  “Critically undercapitalized” institutions are subject to the appointment of a receiver or conservator.

Management believes that, as of December 31, 2019, Old National Bank was “well capitalized” based on the existing ratios and the ratios as modified by the Basel III Capital Rules.

Deposit Insurance.  Substantially all of the deposits of Old National Bank are insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”) of the FDIC and Old National Bank is subject to deposit insurance assessments to maintain the DIF. Deposit insurance assessments are based on average consolidated total assets minus average tangible equity. Under the FDIC’s risk-based assessment system, insured institutions with at least $10 billion in assets, such as Old National Bank, are assessed on the basis of a scoring system that combines the institution’s regulatory ratings and certain financial measures.  The scoring system assesses risk measures to produce two scores, a performance score and a loss severity score, that will be combined and converted to an initial assessment rate.

The performance score measures an institution’s financial performance and its ability to withstand stress.  The loss severity score quantifies the relative magnitude of potential losses to the FDIC in the event of an institution’s failure.  Once the performance and loss severity scores are calculated, these scores will be converted to a total score.  An institution with a total score of 30 or less will pay the minimum base assessment rate, and an institution with a total score of 90 or more will pay the maximum initial base assessment rate.  For total scores between 30 and 90, initial base assessment rates will rise at an increasing rate as the total score increases.  The FDIC has the authority to raise or lower assessment rates, subject to limits, and to impose special additional assessments.

Under the FDIA, the FDIC may terminate deposit insurance upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe and unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations, or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC.

Safety and Soundness Regulations.  In accordance with the FDIA, the federal banking agencies adopted guidelines establishing general standards relating to internal controls, information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk exposure, asset growth, asset quality, earnings, compensation, fees and benefits. In general, the guidelines require, among other things, appropriate systems and practices to identify and manage the risks and exposures specified in the guidelines. The guidelines prohibit excessive compensation as an unsafe and unsound practice and describe compensation as excessive when the amounts paid are unreasonable or disproportionate to the services performed by an executive officer, employee, director or principal shareholder. In addition, regulations adopted by the federal banking agencies authorize the agencies to require that an institution that has been given notice that it is not satisfying any of such safety and soundness standards to submit a compliance plan. If, after being so notified, the institution fails to submit an acceptable compliance plan or fails in any material respect to implement an accepted compliance plan, the agency must issue an order directing corrective actions and may issue an order directing other actions of the types to which an undercapitalized institution is subject under the “prompt corrective action” provisions of FDIA. If the institution fails to comply with such an order, the agency may seek to enforce such order in judicial proceedings and to impose civil money penalties.

Incentive Compensation.  The Dodd-Frank Act requires the federal bank regulatory agencies and the SEC to establish joint regulations or guidelines prohibiting incentive-based payment arrangements at specified regulated entities having at least $1 billion in total assets, such as Old National and Old National Bank, that encourage inappropriate risks by providing an executive officer, employee, director or principal shareholder with excessive compensation, fees, or benefits or that could lead to material financial loss to the entity. In addition, these regulators must establish regulations or guidelines requiring enhanced disclosure to regulators of incentive-based compensation arrangements. The agencies proposed such regulations in April 2011, but the regulations have not been finalized. If

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the regulations are adopted in the form initially proposed, they will impose limitations on the manner in which Old National may structure compensation for its executives.

In June 2010, the Federal Reserve, OCC, and FDIC issued comprehensive final guidance on incentive compensation policies intended to ensure that the incentive compensation policies of banking organizations do not undermine the safety and soundness of such organizations by encouraging excessive risk-taking. The guidance, which covers all employees who have the ability to materially affect the risk profile of an organization, either individually or as part of a group, is based upon the key principles that a banking organization’s incentive compensation arrangements should (i) provide incentives that do not encourage risk-taking beyond the organization’s ability to effectively identify and manage risks, (ii) be compatible with effective internal controls and risk management, and (iii) be supported by strong corporate governance, including active and effective oversight by the organization’s board of directors. These three principles are incorporated into the proposed joint compensation regulations under the Dodd-Frank Act, discussed above.

The Federal Reserve will review, as part of the regular, risk-focused examination process, the incentive compensation arrangements of banking organizations, such as Old National, that are not “large, complex banking organizations.” These reviews will be tailored to each organization based on the scope and complexity of the organization’s activities and the prevalence of incentive compensation arrangements. The findings of the supervisory initiatives will be included in reports of examination. Deficiencies will be incorporated into the organization’s supervisory ratings, which can affect the organization’s ability to make acquisitions and take other actions.

Enforcement actions may be taken against a banking organization if its incentive compensation arrangements, or related risk-management control or governance processes, pose a risk to the organization’s safety and soundness and the organization is not taking prompt and effective measures to correct the deficiencies.

Loans to One Borrower.  Old National Bank generally may not make loans or extend credit to a single or related group of borrowers in excess of 15% of unimpaired capital and surplus. An additional amount may be loaned, up to 10% of unimpaired capital and surplus, if the loan is secured by readily marketable collateral, which generally does not include real estate. As of December 31, 2019, Old National Bank was in compliance with the loans-to-one-borrower limitations.

Depositor Preference.  The FDIA provides that, in the event of the “liquidation or other resolution” of an insured depository institution, the claims of depositors of the institution, including the claims of the FDIC as subrogee of insured depositors, and certain claims for administrative expenses of the FDIC as a receiver, will have priority over other general unsecured claims against the institution. If an insured depository institution fails, insured and uninsured depositors, along with the FDIC, will have priority in payment ahead of unsecured, non-deposit creditors, including depositors whose deposits are payable only outside of the United States and the parent bank holding company, with respect to any extensions of credit they have made to such insured depository institution.

Community Reinvestment Act.  The Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (“CRA”) requires depository institutions to assist in meeting the credit needs of their market areas consistent with safe and sound banking practice. Under the CRA, each depository institution is required to help meet the credit needs of its market areas by, among other things, providing credit to low- and moderate-income individuals and communities. Depository institutions are periodically examined for compliance with the CRA and are assigned ratings that must be publicly disclosed. In order for a financial holding company to commence any new activity permitted by the BHC Act, or to acquire any company engaged in any new activity permitted by the BHC Act, each insured depository institution subsidiary of the financial holding company must have received a rating of at least “satisfactory” in its most recent examination under the CRA. Furthermore, banking regulators take into account CRA ratings when considering approval of certain applications.  Old National Bank received a rating of “satisfactory” in its latest CRA examination.

Fair Lending Laws.  Fair Lending laws prohibit discrimination in banking services and include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (“ECOA”) and the Fair Housing Act (“FHA”), which prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, gender, religion, or other prohibited factors in the extension of credit and residential real estate transactions. In May 2018, the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) and KleinBank entered into a public Settlement Agreement (“Agreement”) regarding alleged violations of the FHA and the ECOA within the Minneapolis, Minnesota market.

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Old National Bank, as the legal successor in interest to KleinBank, has assumed the ongoing terms and obligations of the Agreement.

Financial Privacy.  The federal banking regulators adopted rules that limit the ability of banks and other financial institutions to disclose non-public information about consumers to nonaffiliated third parties. These limitations require disclosure of privacy policies to consumers and, in some circumstances, allow consumers to prevent disclosure of certain personal information to a nonaffiliated third party. These regulations affect how consumer information is transmitted through diversified financial companies and conveyed to outside vendors.

Old National Bank is also subject to regulatory guidelines establishing standards for safeguarding customer information. These guidelines describe the federal banking agencies’ expectations for the creation, implementation and maintenance of an information security program, which would include administrative, technical and physical safeguards appropriate to the size and complexity of the institution and the nature and scope of its activities. The standards set forth in the guidelines are intended to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer records and information, protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such records and protect against unauthorized access to or use of such records or information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer.

Anti-Money Laundering and the USA Patriot Act. A major focus of governmental policy on financial institutions in recent years has been aimed at combating money laundering and terrorist financing. The USA Patriot Act of 2001 (the “USA Patriot Act”) substantially broadened the scope of United States anti-money laundering laws and regulations by imposing significant new compliance and due diligence obligations on financial institutions, creating new crimes and penalties and expanding the extra-territorial jurisdiction of the United States.

The anti-money laundering (“AML”) rules codify within the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (the “FinCEN”) regulations the “pillars” that must be included in a financial institutions AML compliance program. Regulators have communicated their expectations with respect to five pillars: (1) the development of internal policies, procedures, and control; (2) the designation of a compliance officer; (3) the establishment of an ongoing employee training program; (4) the implementation of an independent audit function to test programs; and (5) appropriate risk based procedures for conducting ongoing customer due diligence. Failure of a financial institution to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing, or to comply with all of the relevant laws or regulations, could have serious legal and reputational consequences for the institution, including causing applicable bank regulatory authorities not to approve merger or acquisition transactions when regulatory approval is required or to prohibit such transactions even if approval is not required.

Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulation. The United States has imposed economic sanctions that affect transactions with designated foreign countries, nationals and others which are administered by the U.S. Treasury Department Office of Foreign Assets Control. Failure to comply with these sanctions could have serious legal and reputational consequences, including causing applicable bank regulatory authorities not to approve merger or acquisition transactions when regulatory approval is required or to prohibit such transactions even if approval is not required.

Transactions with Affiliates.  Transactions between Old National Bank and its affiliates are regulated by the Federal Reserve under sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and related regulations. These regulations limit the types and amounts of covered transactions engaged in by Old National Bank and generally require those transactions to be on an arm’s-length basis. The term “affiliate” is defined to mean any company that controls or is under common control with Old National Bank and includes Old National and its non-bank subsidiaries. “Covered transactions” include a loan or extension of credit, as well as a purchase of securities issued by an affiliate, a purchase of assets (unless otherwise exempted by the Federal Reserve) from the affiliate, certain derivative transactions that create a credit exposure to an affiliate, the acceptance of securities issued by the affiliate as collateral for a loan, and the issuance of a guarantee, acceptance or letter of credit on behalf of an affiliate. In general, these regulations require that any such transaction by Old National Bank (or its subsidiaries) with an affiliate must be secured by designated amounts of specified collateral and must be limited to certain thresholds on an individual and aggregate basis.

Federal law also limits Old National Bank’s authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers and 10% shareholders, as well as to entities controlled by such persons. Among other things, extensions of credit to insiders are required to be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that

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are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons. Also, the terms of such extensions of credit may not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features and may not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of Old National Bank’s capital.

Federal Home Loan Bank System.  Old National Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, which consists of 12 regional Federal Home Loan Banks. The Federal Home Loan Bank System provides a central credit facility primarily for member institutions. As a member of the FHLBI, Old National Bank is required to acquire and hold shares of capital stock of the FHLBI in an amount at least equal to the sum of the membership stock purchase requirement, determined on an annual basis at the end of each calendar year, and the activity-based stock purchase requirement, determined on a daily basis. For Old National Bank, the membership stock purchase requirement is 1.0% of the Mortgage-Related Assets, as defined by the FHLBI, which consists principally of residential mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities, held by Old National Bank.  The activity-based stock purchase requirement is equal to the sum of: (1) a specified percentage ranging from 2.0% to 5.0%, which for Old National Bank is 5.0%, of outstanding borrowings from the FHLBI; (2) a specified percentage ranging from 0.0% to 5.0%, which for Old National Bank is 3.0%, of the outstanding principal balance of Acquired Member Assets, as defined by the FHLBI, and delivery commitments for Acquired Member Assets; (3) a specified dollar amount related to certain off-balance sheet items, which for Old National Bank is inapplicable; and (4) a specified percentage ranging from 0.0% to 5.0% of the carrying value on the FHLBI’s balance sheet of derivative contracts between the FHLBI and Old National Bank, which for Old National Bank is inapplicable. The FHLBI can adjust the specified percentages and dollar amount from time to time within the ranges established by the FHLBI capital plan. As of December 31, 2019, Old National Bank was in compliance with the minimum stock ownership requirement.

Federal Reserve System.  Federal Reserve regulations require depository institutions to maintain cash reserves against their transaction accounts (primarily NOW and demand deposit accounts). A reserve of 3% is to be maintained against aggregate transaction accounts between $12.4 million and $79.5 million (subject to adjustment by the Federal Reserve) plus a reserve of 10% (subject to adjustment by the Federal Reserve between 8% and 14%) against that portion of total transaction accounts in excess of $79.5 million. The first $12.4 million of otherwise reservable balances (subject to adjustment by the Federal Reserve) is exempt from the reserve requirements. Old National Bank is in compliance with the foregoing requirements.

Other Regulations.  Old National Bank is subject to federal consumer protection statutes and regulations promulgated under those laws, including, but not limited to, the:

The Dodd-Frank Act also significantly impacts the various consumer protection laws, rules and regulations applicable to financial institutions.  The statute rolls back the federal preemption of state consumer protection laws that was enjoyed by national banks by (1) requiring that a state consumer financial law prevent or significantly interfere with the exercise of a national bank’s powers before it can be preempted, (2) mandating that any preemption decision be made on a case by case basis rather than a blanket rule, and (3) ending the applicability of preemption to subsidiaries and affiliates of national banks.  As a result, we may now be subject to state consumer protection laws in each state where we do business, and those laws may be interpreted and enforced differently in each state.

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The Dodd-Frank Act also created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”), a consumer financial services regulator with supervisory authority over banks and their affiliates with assets of more than $10 billion, like Old National, to carry out federal consumer protection laws. The CFPB also regulates financial products and services sold to consumers and has rulemaking authority with respect to federal consumer financial laws. Any new regulatory requirements promulgated by the CFPB or modifications in the interpretations of existing regulations could require changes to Old National’s consumer-facing businesses. The Dodd-Frank Act also gives the CFPB broad data collecting powers for fair lending for both small business and mortgage loans, as well as extensive authority to prevent unfair, deceptive, and abusive practices.

The rules issued by the CFPB have impacted our mortgage loan origination and servicing activities. Compliance with these rules will likely continue to increase our overall regulatory compliance costs.

Dividend Limitation.  Old National Bank is subject to the provisions of the National Bank Act, is supervised, regulated and examined by the OCC, and is subject to the rules and regulations of the OCC, Federal Reserve and the FDIC.  A substantial portion of Old National’s cash revenue is derived from dividends paid to it by Old National Bank.  These dividends are subject to various legal and regulatory restrictions as summarized in Note 26 to the consolidated financial statements.

Legislative and Regulatory Initiatives. From time to time, various legislative and regulatory initiatives are introduced in Congress and state legislatures, as well as by regulatory agencies. Such initiatives may include proposals to expand or contract the powers of bank holding companies and depository institutions or proposals to substantially change the financial institution regulatory system. Such legislation could change banking statutes and the operating environment of Old National in substantial and unpredictable ways. If enacted, such legislation could increase or decrease the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among banks, savings associations, credit unions, and other financial institutions. Old National cannot predict whether any such legislation will be enacted, and, if enacted, the effect that it, or any implementing regulations, would have on the financial condition or results of operations of Old National. A change in statutes, regulations or regulatory policies applicable to Old National or any of its subsidiaries could have a material effect on Old National’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

All reports filed electronically by Old National with the SEC, including the annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy and information statements, other information and amendments to those reports filed or furnished (if applicable), are accessible at no cost on Old National’s web site at www.oldnational.com as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically submitting such materials to the SEC.  The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, and Old National’s filings are accessible on the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov.

There are a number of risks and uncertainties that could adversely affect Old National’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, and access to liquidity.  Old National’s Enterprise Risk Management program is an enterprise-wide framework for identifying, managing, mitigating, monitoring, aggregating, and reporting risks.  The following major risks identified by Old National’s Enterprise Risk Management Program are described below: strategic, financial, and reputational; credit; market, interest rate, and liquidity; operational; and legal, regulatory, and compliance.

Strategic, Financial, and Reputational Risks

Economic conditions have affected and could continue to adversely affect our revenues and profits.

Old National’s financial performance generally, and in particular the ability of borrowers to pay interest on and repay principal of outstanding loans and the value of collateral securing those loans, as well as demand for loans and other products and services that Old National offers, is highly dependent upon the business environment in the markets where Old National operates and in the United States as a whole.  A favorable business environment is generally characterized by, among other factors, economic growth, efficient capital markets, low inflation, low unemployment, high business and investor confidence, and strong business earnings.  Unfavorable or uncertain economic and market conditions can be caused by declines in economic growth, business activity or investor or

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business confidence; limitations on the availability or increases in the cost of credit and capital; increases in inflation or interest rates; high unemployment, natural disasters, terrorist acts, or a combination of these or other factors.

An economic downturn or sustained, high unemployment levels, and stock market volatility may negatively impact our operating results and have a negative effect on the ability of our borrowers to make timely repayments of their loans increasing the risk of loan defaults and losses.

Changes in economic or political conditions could adversely affect Old National’s earnings, as the ability of Old National’s borrowers to repay loans, and the value of the collateral securing such loans, decline.

Old National’s success depends, to a certain extent, upon economic or political conditions, local and national, as well as governmental monetary policies.  Conditions such as recession, unemployment, changes in interest rates, inflation, money supply, and other factors beyond Old National’s control may adversely affect its asset quality, deposit levels, and loan demand and, therefore, Old National’s earnings.  Because Old National has a significant amount of commercial real estate loans, decreases in real estate values could adversely affect the value of property used as collateral.  Adverse changes in the economy may also have a negative effect on the ability of Old National’s borrowers to make timely repayments of their loans, which would have an adverse impact on Old National’s earnings.  In addition, substantially all of Old National’s loans are to individuals and businesses in Old National’s market area.  Consequently, any economic decline in Old National’s primary market areas, which include Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, could have an adverse impact on Old National’s earnings.

Acquisitions may not produce revenue enhancements or cost savings at levels or within timeframes originally anticipated and may result in unforeseen integration difficulties and dilution to existing shareholder value.

We have acquired, and expect to continue to acquire, other financial institutions or parts of those institutions in the future, and we may engage in de novo branch expansion.  We may also consider and enter into new lines of business or offer new products or services.

We may incur substantial costs to expand, and we can give no assurance such expansion will result in the levels of profits we seek.  There can be no assurance that integration efforts for any mergers or acquisitions will be successful.  Also, we may issue equity securities in connection with acquisitions, which could cause ownership and economic dilution to our current shareholders.  There is no assurance that, following any mergers or acquisitions, our integration efforts will be successful or that, after giving effect to the acquisition, we will achieve profits comparable to, or better than, our historical experience.

Acquisitions and mergers involve a number of expenses and risks, including:

Old National must generally receive federal regulatory approval before it can acquire a bank or bank holding company.  Old National cannot be certain when or if, or on what terms and conditions, any required regulatory

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approvals will be granted.  Old National may be required to sell banks or branches as a condition to receiving regulatory approval.

Future acquisitions could be material to Old National and it may issue additional shares of stock to pay for those acquisitions, which would dilute current shareholders’ ownership interests.

Our accounting estimates and risk management processes rely on analytical and forecasting models.

The processes that we use to estimate probable loan losses and to measure the fair value of financial instruments, as well as the processes used to estimate the effects of changing interest rates and other market measures on our financial condition and results of operations, depend upon the use of analytical and forecasting models. These models reflect assumptions that may not be accurate, particularly in times of market stress or other unforeseen circumstances. Even if these assumptions are adequate, the models may prove to be inadequate or inaccurate because of other flaws in their design or their implementation. If our models for determining interest rate risk and asset-liability management are inadequate, we may incur increased or unexpected losses upon changes in market interest rates or other market measures. If our models for determining probable loan losses are inadequate, the allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to support future charge-offs. If our models to measure the fair value of financial instruments are inadequate, the fair value of such financial instruments may fluctuate unexpectedly or may not accurately reflect what we could realize upon sale or settlement of such financial instruments. Any such failure in our analytical or forecasting models could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Old National operates in an extremely competitive market, and Old National’s business will suffer if Old National is unable to compete effectively.

In our market area, Old National encounters significant competition from other commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies, securities brokerage firms, insurance companies, money market mutual funds, and other financial intermediaries.  In addition, FinTech start-ups are emerging in key areas of banking.  Our competitors may have substantially greater resources and lending limits than Old National does and may offer services that Old National does not or cannot provide.  Many of our nonfinancial institution competitors have fewer regulatory constraints, broader geographic service areas, and, in some cases, lower cost structures.  Old National’s profitability depends upon Old National’s continued ability to compete successfully in Old National’s market area.

Our business could suffer if we fail to attract and retain skilled people.

Our success depends, in large part, on our ability to attract and retain key people.  Competition for the best people in most activities we engage in can be intense.  We may not be able to hire the best people or to keep them.  The loss of any of our key personnel or an inability to continue to attract, retain, and motivate key personnel could adversely affect our business.

We may not be able to pay dividends in the future in accordance with past practice.

Old National has traditionally paid a quarterly dividend to common stockholders.  The payment of dividends is subject to legal and regulatory restrictions.  Any payment of dividends in the future will depend, in large part, on Old National’s earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, and other factors considered relevant by Old National’s Board of Directors.

Old National is an entity separate and distinct from Old National Bank.  Old National Bank conducts most of our operations and Old National depends upon dividends from Old National Bank to service its debt and to pay dividends to Old National’s shareholders.  The availability of dividends from Old National Bank is limited by various statutes and regulations.  It is possible, depending upon the financial condition including liquidity and capital adequacy of Old National Bank and other factors, that the OCC could assert that the payment of dividends or other payments is an unsafe or unsound practice. In addition, the payment of dividends by our other subsidiaries is also subject to the laws of the subsidiary’s state of incorporation, and regulatory capital and liquidity requirements applicable to such subsidiaries.  At December 31, 2019, Old National Bank could pay dividends of $213.1 million without prior regulatory approval.  In the event that Old National Bank was unable to pay dividends to us, we in turn

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would likely have to reduce or stop paying dividends on our Common Stock.  Our failure to pay dividends on our Common Stock could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our Common Stock.  See “Business – Supervision and Regulation – Dividend Limitations” and Note 26 to the consolidated financial statements.

Old National may not realize the expected benefits of its strategic imperatives.

Old National’s ability to compete depends on a number of factors, including among others its ability to develop and successfully execute strategic plans and imperatives.  Our strategic priorities include consistent quality earnings, enhanced management discipline, and strong risk management; greater confidence in decision making and appropriate levels of risk taking; fewer operational surprises, disruptions and losses; improved operational effectiveness and efficiency; more effective deployment of resources; and increased awareness and involvement in the achievement of strategic goals.  Our inability to execute on or achieve the anticipated outcomes of our strategic priorities may affect how the market perceives us and could impede our growth and profitability.

Credit Risk

If Old National’s actual loan losses exceed Old National’s allowance for loan losses, Old National’s net income will decrease.

Old National makes various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of Old National’s loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of Old National’s borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of Old National’s loans.  Despite Old National’s underwriting and monitoring practices, the effect of a declining economy could negatively impact the ability of Old National’s borrowers to repay loans in a timely manner and could also negatively impact collateral values.  As a result, Old National may experience significant loan losses that could have a material adverse effect on Old National’s operating results.  Since Old National must use assumptions regarding individual loans and the economy, Old National’s current allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover actual loan losses.  Old National’s assumptions may not anticipate the severity or duration of the current credit cycle; and Old National may need to significantly increase Old National’s provision for losses on loans if one or more of Old National’s larger loans or credit relationships becomes delinquent or if Old National expands its commercial real estate and commercial lending.  Additionally, Old National will adopt ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“CECL”) effective January 1, 2020.  This standard will require financial institutions to determine periodic estimates of lifetime expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit.  This will change the current method of providing allowances for credit losses that are probable, which may require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, and may greatly increase the types of data we would need to collect and review to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for credit losses.  In addition, federal and state regulators periodically review Old National’s allowance for loan losses and may require Old National to increase the provision for loan losses or recognize loan charge-offs.  Material additions to Old National’s allowance would materially decrease Old National’s net income.  There can be no assurance that Old National’s monitoring procedures and policies will reduce certain lending risks or that Old National’s allowance for loan losses will be adequate to cover actual losses.

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Old National’s loan portfolio includes loans with a higher risk of loss.

Old National Bank originates commercial real estate loans, commercial loans, agricultural real estate loans, agricultural loans, consumer loans, and residential real estate loans primarily within Old National’s market areas.  Commercial real estate, commercial, consumer, and agricultural real estate and operating loans may expose a lender to greater credit risk than loans secured by residential real estate because the collateral securing these loans may not be sold as easily as residential real estate.  These loans also have greater credit risk than residential real estate for the following reasons:

If Old National forecloses on collateral property, Old National may be subject to the increased costs associated with the ownership of real property, resulting in reduced revenues.

Old National may have to foreclose on collateral property to protect Old National’s investment and may thereafter own and operate such property, in which case Old National will be exposed to the risks inherent in the ownership of real estate.  The amount that Old National, as a mortgagee, may realize after a default is dependent upon factors outside of Old National’s control, including, but not limited to: (i) general or local economic conditions; (ii) neighborhood values; (iii) interest rates; (iv) real estate tax rates; (v) operating expenses of the mortgaged properties; (vi) environmental remediation liabilities; (vii) ability to obtain and maintain adequate occupancy of the properties; (viii) zoning laws; (ix) governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies; and (x) acts of God.  Certain expenditures associated with the ownership of real estate, principally real estate taxes, insurance, and maintenance costs, may adversely affect the income from the real estate.  Therefore, the cost of operating real property may exceed the income earned from such property, and Old National may have to advance funds in order to protect Old National’s investment, or Old National may be required to dispose of the real property at a loss.  The foregoing expenditures and costs could adversely affect Old National’s ability to generate revenues, resulting in reduced levels of profitability.

The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect Old National.

Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, or other relationships.  Old National has exposure to many different industries and counterparties, and Old National and certain of its subsidiaries routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and dealers, commercial banks, investment banks, mutual and hedge funds, and other institutions.  Many of these transactions expose Old National to credit risk in the event of default of its counterparty. In addition, Old National’s credit risk may be affected when collateral is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the loan or derivative exposure. These types of losses could materially adversely affect Old National’s results of operations or financial condition.

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Market, Interest Rate, and Liquidity Risks

The price of Old National’s Common Stock may be volatile, which may result in losses for investors.

General market price declines or market volatility in the future could adversely affect the price of Old National’s Common Stock.  In addition, the following factors may cause the market price for shares of Old National’s Common Stock to fluctuate:

Changes in interest rates could adversely affect Old National’s results of operations and financial condition.

Old National’s earnings depend substantially on Old National’s interest rate spread, which is the difference between (i) the rates Old National earns on loans, securities and other earning assets and (ii) the interest rates Old National pays on deposits and other borrowings.  These rates are highly sensitive to many factors beyond Old National’s control, including general economic conditions and the policies of various governmental and regulatory authorities.  If market interest rates rise, Old National will have competitive pressures to increase the rates that Old National pays on deposits, which could result in a decrease of Old National’s net interest income.  If market interest rates decline, Old National could experience fixed-rate loan prepayments and higher investment portfolio cash flows, resulting in a lower yield on earning assets.  Old National’s earnings can also be impacted by the spread between short-term and long-term market interest rates.

Changes to LIBOR may adversely impact the value of, and the return on, our financial instruments that are indexed to LIBOR.

On July 27, 2017, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR to the LIBOR administrator after 2021. The announcement also indicates that the continuation of LIBOR on the current basis cannot and will not be guaranteed after 2021.  Consequently, at this time, it is not possible to predict whether and to what extent banks will continue to provide LIBOR submissions to the LIBOR administrator or whether any additional reforms to LIBOR may be enacted in the United Kingdom or elsewhere. Similarly, it is not possible to predict whether LIBOR will continue to be viewed as an acceptable benchmark for certain financial instruments, what rate or rates may become accepted alternatives to LIBOR, or the effect of any such changes in views or alternatives on the values of the financial instruments, whose interest rates are tied to LIBOR.  Uncertainty as to the nature of such potential changes, alternative reference rates, the elimination or replacement of LIBOR, or other reforms may adversely affect the value of, and the return on our financial instruments.

Our wholesale funding sources may prove insufficient to replace deposits or support our future growth.

As a part of our liquidity management, we use a number of funding sources in addition to core deposit growth and repayments and maturities of loans and investments. These sources include brokered certificates of deposit, repurchase agreements, and federal funds purchased. Negative operating results or changes in industry conditions could lead to an inability to replace these additional funding sources at maturity. Our financial flexibility could be constrained if we are unable to maintain our access to funding or if adequate financing is not available to accommodate future growth at acceptable interest rates. Finally, if we are required to rely more heavily on more expensive funding sources to support future growth, our revenues may not increase proportionately to cover our costs. In this case, our results of operations and financial condition would be negatively affected.

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A reduction in our credit rating could adversely affect our business and/or the holders of our securities.

The credit rating agencies rating our indebtedness regularly evaluate Old National and Old National Bank, and credit ratings are based on a number of factors, including our financial strength and ability to generate earnings, as well as factors not entirely within our control, including conditions affecting the financial services industry and the economy and changes in rating methodologies.  There can be no assurance that we will maintain our current credit ratings.  A downgrade of the credit ratings of Old National or Old National Bank could adversely affect our access to liquidity and capital, and could significantly increase our cost of funds, and decrease the number of investors and counterparties willing to lend to us or purchase our securities.  This could affect our growth, profitability, and financial condition, including liquidity.

Operational Risks

A failure or breach, including cyber-attacks, of our operational or security systems, could disrupt our business, result in the disclosure of confidential information, damage our reputation, and create significant financial and legal exposure.

Although we devote significant resources to maintain and regularly upgrade our systems and processes that are designed to protect the security of our computer systems, software, networks, and other technology assets and the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information belonging to us and our customers, there is no assurance that our security measures will provide absolute security.  Further, to access our products and services our customers may use computers and mobile devices that are beyond our security control systems.  In fact, many other financial services institutions and companies engaged in data processing have reported breaches in the security of their websites or other systems, some of which have involved sophisticated and targeted attacks intended to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information, destroy data, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems, often through the introduction of computer viruses or malware, cyberattacks, and other means.  Certain financial institutions in the United States have also experienced attacks from technically sophisticated and well-resourced third parties that were intended to disrupt normal business activities by making internet banking systems inaccessible to customers for extended periods.  These “denial-of-service” attacks have not breached our data security systems, but require substantial resources to defend, and may affect customer satisfaction and behavior.

Despite our efforts to ensure the integrity of our systems, it is possible that we may not be able to anticipate or to implement effective preventive measures against all security breaches of these types, especially because the techniques used change frequently or are not recognized until launched, and because security attacks can originate from a wide variety of sources, including persons who are involved with organized crime or associated with external service providers or who may be linked to terrorist organizations or hostile foreign governments.  Those parties may also attempt to fraudulently induce employees, customers or other users of our systems to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our data or that of our customers or clients.  We have implemented employee and customer awareness training around phishing, malware, and other cyber risks.  These risks may increase in the future as we continue to increase our mobile payments and other internet-based product offerings and expand our internal usage of web-based products and applications.

If our security systems were penetrated or circumvented, it could cause serious negative consequences for us, including significant disruption of our operations, misappropriation of our confidential information or that of our customers, or damage our computers or systems and those of our customers and counterparties, and could result in violations of applicable privacy and other laws, financial loss to us or to our customers, loss of confidence in our security measures, customer dissatisfaction, significant litigation exposure, and harm to our reputation, all of which could have a material adverse effect on us.

We rely on third party vendors, which could expose Old National to additional cybersecurity risks.

Third party vendors provide key components of our business infrastructure, including certain data processing and information services.  On our behalf, third parties may transmit confidential, propriety information.  Although we require third party providers to maintain certain levels of information security, such providers may remain vulnerable to breaches, unauthorized access, misuse, computer viruses, or other malicious attacks that could ultimately compromise sensitive information.  While we may contractually limit our liability in connection with attacks against third party providers, Old National remains exposed to the risk of loss associated with such vendors.  

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In addition, a number of our vendors are large national entities with dominant market presence in their respective fields. Their services could prove difficult to replace in a timely manner if a failure or other service interruption were to occur. Failures of certain vendors to provide contracted services could adversely affect our ability to deliver products and services to our customers and cause us to incur significant expense.

Failure to keep pace with technological change could adversely affect Old National’s results of operations and financial condition.

The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services.  The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs.  Old National’s future success depends, in part, upon its ability to address customer needs by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in Old National’s operations.  Old National may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to its customers.  Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could negatively affect Old National’s growth, revenue, and profit.

Changes in consumer use of banks and changes in consumer spending and savings habits could adversely affect Old National’s financial results.

Technology and other changes now allow many customers to complete financial transactions without using banks.  For example, consumers can pay bills and transfer funds directly without going through a bank.  This process of eliminating banks as intermediaries could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and income generated from those deposits.  In addition, changes in consumer spending and savings habits could adversely affect Old National’s operations, and Old National may be unable to timely develop competitive new products and services in response to these changes.

Old National’s controls and procedures may fail or be circumvented, and Old National’s methods of reducing risk exposure may not be effective.

Old National regularly reviews and updates its internal controls, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies and procedures. Old National also maintains an Enterprise Risk Management program designed to identify, manage, mitigate, monitor, aggregate, and report risks.  Any system of controls and any system to reduce risk exposure, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met.  Additionally, instruments, systems, and strategies used to hedge or otherwise manage exposure to various types of market compliance, credit, liquidity, operational, and business risks and enterprise-wide risk could be less effective than anticipated.  As a result, Old National may not be able to effectively mitigate its risk exposures in particular market environments or against particular types of risk.

Legal, Regulatory, and Compliance Risks

We have risk related to legal proceedings.

We are involved in judicial, regulatory, and arbitration proceedings concerning matters arising from our business activities and fiduciary responsibilities.  We establish reserves for legal claims when payments associated with the claims become probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated.  We may still incur legal costs for a matter even if we have not established a reserve.  In addition, the actual cost of resolving a legal claim may be substantially higher than any amounts reserved for that matter.  The ultimate resolution of a pending or future legal proceeding, depending on the remedy sought and granted, could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Old National operates in a highly regulated environment, and changes in laws and regulations to which Old National is subject may adversely affect Old National’s results of operations.

Old National operates in a highly regulated environment and is subject to extensive regulation, supervision, and examination by, among others, the OCC, the FDIC, the CFPB, the Federal Reserve, and the State of Indiana.  Such

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regulation and supervision of the activities in which an institution may engage is primarily intended for the protection of the depositors and federal deposit insurance funds.  In addition, the Treasury has certain supervisory and oversight duties and responsibilities under EESA and the CPP.  See “Business – Supervision and Regulation” herein.  Applicable laws and regulations may change, and such changes may adversely affect Old National’s business.  The Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in July 2010, mandated the most wide-ranging overhaul of financial industry regulation in decades.  This legislation, among other things, weakened federal preemption of state consumer protection laws and established the CFPB with broad authority to administer and enforce a new federal regulatory framework of consumer financial regulation, including consumer mortgage banking.  The scope and impact of many of the Dodd-Frank Act provisions were determined and issued over time.  The impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on Old National has been substantial.  Provisions in the legislation that affect the payment of interest on demand deposits and collection of interchange fees increased the costs associated with certain deposits and placed limitations on certain revenues those deposits generate.  In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act required Old National to change certain of its business practices, intensified the regulatory supervision of Old National and the financial services industry, increased Old National’s capital requirements, and imposed additional assessments and costs on Old National.  Requirements to maintain higher levels of capital or liquidity to address potential adverse stress scenarios could adversely impact the Company’s net income.

Regulatory authorities also have extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities, including but not limited to the imposition of restrictions on the operation of an institution, the classification of assets by the institution, the adequacy of an institution’s Bank Secrecy Act/Anti Money Laundering program management, and the adequacy of an institution’s allowance for loan losses.  Any change in such regulation and oversight, whether in the form of restrictions on activities, regulatory policy, regulations, or legislation, including but not limited to changes in the regulations governing institutions, could have a material impact on Old National and its operations.

Changes in accounting policies, standards, and interpretations could materially affect how Old National reports its financial condition and results of operations.

The FASB periodically changes the financial accounting and reporting standards governing the preparation of Old National’s financial statements.  Additionally, those bodies that establish and/or interpret the financial accounting and reporting standards (such as the FASB, SEC, and banking regulators) may change prior interpretations on how these standards should be applied.  These changes can be difficult to predict and can materially affect how Old National records and reports its financial condition and results of operations.  In some cases, Old National could be required to retroactively apply a new or revised standard, resulting in changes to previously reported financial results.

If Old National fails to meet regulatory capital requirements which may require heightened capital, we may be forced to raise capital or sell assets.

Old National is subject to regulations that require us to satisfy certain capital ratios, such as the ratio of our Tier 1 capital to our risk-based assets.  Both the Dodd-Frank Act, which reformed the regulation of financial institutions in a comprehensive manner, and the Basel III regulatory capital reforms, which increased both the amount and quality of capital that financial institutions must hold, impact our capital requirements.  Specifically, in July 2013, the U.S. federal banking authorities approved the implementation of the Basel III Capital Rules. The Basel III Capital Rules are applicable to all U.S. banks that are subject to minimum capital requirements as well as to bank and saving and loan holding companies, other than “small bank holding companies” (generally bank holding companies with consolidated assets of less than $500 million).  The Basel III Capital Rules not only increased most of the required minimum regulatory capital ratios, they introduced a new Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio and the concept of a capital conservation buffer.  The Basel III Capital Rules also expanded the current definition of capital by establishing additional criteria that capital instruments must meet to be considered Additional Tier 1 Capital (i.e., Tier 1 Capital in addition to Common Equity) and Tier 2 Capital. A number of instruments that generally qualified as Tier 1 Capital do not qualify or their qualifications changed when the Basel III Capital Rules were fully implemented.  The Basel III Capital Rules have maintained the general structure of the current prompt corrective action thresholds while incorporating the increased requirements, including the Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio.  In order to be a “well-capitalized” depository institution under the new regime, an institution must maintain a Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio of 6.5% or more, a Tier 1 Capital ratio of 8% or more, a Total Capital ratio of 10% or more, and a leverage ratio of 5% or more.  Institutions must also maintain a capital conservation buffer

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consisting of Common Equity Tier 1 Capital. Financial institutions became subject to the Basel III Capital Rules on January 1, 2015 with a phase-in period through 2019 for many of the changes.  If we are unable to satisfy these heightened regulatory capital requirements, due to a decline in the value of our loan portfolio or otherwise, we will be required to improve such capital ratios by either raising additional capital or by disposing of assets.  If we choose to dispose of assets, we cannot be certain that we will be able to do so at prices that we believe to be appropriate, and our future operating results could be negatively affected.  If we choose to raise additional capital, we may accomplish this by selling additional shares of Common Stock, or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, which could significantly dilute the ownership percentage of holders of our Common Stock and cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline. Additionally, events or circumstances in the capital markets generally may increase our capital costs and impair our ability to raise capital at any given time.

Our earnings could be adversely impacted by incidences of fraud and compliance failure.

Financial institutions are inherently exposed to fraud risk.  A fraud can be perpetrated by a customer of Old National, an employee, a vendor, or members of the general public.  We are most subject to fraud and compliance risk in connection with the origination of loans, ACH transactions, wire transactions, ATM transactions, and checking transactions.  Our largest fraud risk, associated with the origination of loans, includes the intentional misstatement of information in property appraisals or other underwriting documentation provided to us by third parties.  Compliance risk is the risk that loans are not originated in compliance with applicable laws and regulations and our standards.  There can be no assurance that we can prevent or detect acts of fraud or violation of law or our compliance standards by the third parties that we deal with.  Repeated incidences of fraud or compliance failures would adversely impact the performance of our loan portfolio.

None.

As of December 31, 2019, Old National and its affiliates operated a total of 192 banking centers, primarily in the states of Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.  Of these facilities, 121 were owned.  We lease 71 banking centers from unaffiliated third parties.  The terms of these leases range from six months to twenty-five years. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.

Old National also has several administrative offices located throughout its footprint, including the executive offices of Old National which are located at 1 Main Street, Evansville, Indiana.  This building, which was previously leased, was purchased in 2016.

In the normal course of business, Old National and its subsidiaries have been named, from time to time, as defendants in various legal actions.  Certain of the actual or threatened legal actions may include claims for substantial compensatory and/or punitive damages or claims for indeterminate amounts of damages.

Old National contests liability and/or the amount of damages as appropriate in each pending matter.  In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of such matters, particularly in cases where claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages or where investigations and proceedings are in the early stages, Old National cannot predict with certainty the loss or range of loss, if any, related to such matters, how or if such matters will be resolved, when they will ultimately be resolved, or what the eventual settlement, or other relief, if any, might be. Subject to the foregoing, Old National believes, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that the outcome of such pending matters will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition of Old National, although the outcome of such matters could be material to Old National’s operating results and cash flows for a particular future period, depending on, among other things, the level of Old National’s revenues or income for such period.  Old National will accrue for a loss contingency if (1) it is probable that a future event will occur and confirm the loss and (2) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.

Old National is not currently involved in any material litigation.

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Not applicable.

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PART II

Old National’s Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ under the ticker symbol “ONB.”  There were 37,328 shareholders of record as of December 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes the purchases of equity securities made by Old National during the fourth quarter of 2019:

In the first quarter of 2019, the Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to 7.0 million shares of the Company’s stock to be repurchased, as conditions warrant, through January 31, 2020.  During the year ended December 31, 2019, Old National also repurchased a limited number of shares associated with employee share-based incentive programs.

On January 15, 2020, the Board of Directors declared an increase in its quarterly cash dividend to $0.14 per common share.  The Board of Directors also approved the adoption of a stock repurchase plan that authorizes up to 7.0 million shares of the Company’s stock to be repurchased, as conditions warrant, through January 31, 2021.

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

The following table contains information concerning the Amended and Restated 2008 Incentive Compensation Plan approved by security holders, as of December 31, 2019.

At December 31, 2019, 3.7 million shares remain available for issuance under the Amended and Restated 2008 Incentive Compensation Plan.

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The following table compares cumulative five-year total shareholder returns, assuming reinvestment of dividends, for our common stock to cumulative total returns of a broad-based equity market index and two published industry indices.  The comparison of shareholder returns (change in December year end stock price plus reinvested dividends) for each of the periods assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2014, in common stock of each of the Company, the S&P Small Cap 600 Index, the NYSE Financial Index and the SNL Bank and Thrift Index with investment weighted on the basis of market capitalization.

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The following discussion is an analysis of our results of operations for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, and financial condition as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.  This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes.  This discussion contains forward-looking statements concerning our business.  Readers are cautioned that, by their nature, forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors.  Actual results may differ materially from our expectations that are expressed or implied by any forward-looking statement.  The discussion in Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” lists some of the factors that could cause our actual results to vary materially from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements, and such discussion is incorporated into this discussion by reference.

GENERAL OVERVIEW

Old National is the largest financial holding company incorporated in the state of Indiana and maintains its principal executive offices in Evansville, Indiana.  Old National, through Old National Bank, provides a wide range of services, including commercial and consumer loan and depository services, and other traditional banking services.  Old National also provides services to supplement the traditional banking business including fiduciary and wealth management services, investment and brokerage services, investment consulting, and other financial services.  Our primary geographic markets are in Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.

CORPORATE DEVELOPMENTS IN FISCAL 2019

Old National spent 2019 internally focused.  This included an analysis of each business, department, and function within the company.  We partnered with a leading consulting firm with the ultimate goal of improving the overall efficiency of the organization while serving our clients better.  Key performance indicators experienced in 2019 included:

During 2019, our net interest income increased to $604.3 million compared to $537.6 million in 2018, an increase of 12%.  Noninterest income grew from $195.3 million in 2018 to $199.3 million in 2019 reflecting higher mortgage banking revenue and capital markets income.  We also benefited from higher noninterest income attributable to a full year of Klein contribution as compared to 2018, which only reflected two months of the Klein operations.  Our noninterest expenses were well controlled, declining from $517.3 million in 2018 to $508.5 million in 2019.

In January 2020, Old National commenced implementation of a strategic plan (“The ONB Way”), which has various detailed business objectives designed to keep the Company’s clients at the center of all we do.  The ONB Way includes realigning the geographic organization structure to streamline our operating model through integrated commercial, community banking, and wealth teams.  We have also identified revenue and efficiency opportunities across the organization.  Another component of The ONB Way is the optimization of our branch network. This optimization, which includes 31 banking centers scattered throughout the footprint that will be consolidated in April 2020, reflects an ongoing shift among our clients toward digital banking solutions. Many of the facilities to be consolidated are in smaller markets, several of which were added in recent years through partnership activity.  By state, these consolidations include ten banking centers in both Wisconsin and Indiana, five in Michigan, four in Minnesota, and two in Kentucky.  The Company expects to incur an estimated $25 million in costs associated with the branch optimization.  In addition, Old National plans to close several non-branch facilities at a later date and incur related miscellaneous charges of approximately $8 million.

BUSINESS OUTLOOK

In 2019, the U.S. economy grew by approximately 2.3% as measured by the change in GDP. While the growth rate was slower than the rate in 2018, the general consensus among leading economists is that the worst of the slowdown in economic growth has passed. Their outlook for 2020 is for the U.S. economy GDP growth of approximately 2%.  The projected drivers of this growth are from consumer spending, which is dependent on personal income growth

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and is expected to slow somewhat over the course of 2020, coupled with an offset of industrial production as its current decline is expected to bottom out in 2020 and bolster business investment.  A strong start in residential housing is also expected to sustain U.S. economic growth over the coming quarters. An additional economic driver is the record-low unemployment.  Potential threats to the expected fragile economic expansion include: increased personal debt that may choke off consumer spending, possible resurgence of a China trade dispute or foreign trade friction, energy price spikes, U.S. political infighting, and uncertainty in interest rates.  Lastly, global geopolitical conflicts or natural disasters could also trigger a halt to the U.S. economic expansion.

We remain a community bank at heart, dedicated to serving and strengthening our communities as we evolve into a regional bank structure.  As Old National implements this strategic plan, our mission has also evolved.  Our objective is to transform Old National into a commercially-oriented regional bank that consistently delivers top quartile performance to clients, team members, shareholders, and communities.

As Old National moves from a generalist relationship management approach, based on geography, to a specialist relationship management approach, based on business segmentations, the fundamentals of basic banking do not change. Those fundamentals are loan growth, non-interest income growth, prudent capital deployment, and expense management.

Organic loan growth is a priority.  Our loan production and pipeline are at high levels as we enter into 2020 and we are hopeful that the 2019 cycle of persistently high levels of prepayments has passed.  Despite this, we continue to adhere to our disciplined underwriting process.  Our practice of recognizing underperforming credits early, along with active engagement with these borrowers ultimately leads to lower credit losses.  Credit quality remains strong, and we have not experienced any specific sector credit related weaknesses, yet are watching a small number of credits.

With the onset of The ONB Way, we have made investments in our non-interest income businesses, in technology and personnel.  Accordingly, we are optimistic for continued expansion in 2020.

Our acquisition strategy has not changed. We remain an active looker in our target markets and a highly selective, disciplined buyer.  We wait patiently for the perfect pitch while we remain focused on execution.

As we look ahead to 2020, we remain committed to generating positive operating leverage.

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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

The following table sets forth certain financial highlights of Old National:

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Non-GAAP financial measures exclude certain items that are included in the financial results presented in accordance with GAAP.  Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures enhance an investor’s understanding of the financial results of Old National by providing a meaningful basis for period-to-period comparisons, assisting in operating results analysis, and predicting future performance.

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The following table presents GAAP to non-GAAP reconciliations.