OUTFRONT Media Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 September (Form 10-Q)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018
or
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||
For the transition period from | to | |||
Commission File Number: 001-36367
OUTFRONT Media Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland | 46-4494703 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
405 Lexington Avenue, 17th Floor New York, NY | 10174 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |
(212) 297-6400
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer | x | Accelerated filer | o | |
Non-accelerated filer | o | Smaller reporting company | o | |
Emerging growth company | o | |||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). o Yes x No
As of November 5, 2018, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock was 139,453,420.
OUTFRONT MEDIA INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1
Item 1. Financial Statements.
OUTFRONT Media Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
(Unaudited)
As of | ||||||||
(in millions) | September 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||
Assets: | ||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 56.7 | $ | 48.3 | ||||
Restricted cash | 1.4 | — | ||||||
Receivables, less allowance ($10.5 in 2018 and $11.5 in 2017) | 260.8 | 231.1 | ||||||
Prepaid lease and transit franchise costs | 62.9 | 68.6 | ||||||
Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs (Note 17) | 20.2 | 4.7 | ||||||
Other prepaid expenses | 18.2 | 13.5 | ||||||
Other current assets | 9.8 | 9.8 | ||||||
Total current assets | 430.0 | 376.0 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net (Note 3) | 657.5 | 662.1 | ||||||
Goodwill (Note 4) | 2,082.6 | 2,128.0 | ||||||
Intangible assets (Note 4) | 548.0 | 580.9 | ||||||
Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs (Note 17) | 33.3 | — | ||||||
Other assets | 64.6 | 61.2 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 3,816.0 | $ | 3,808.2 | ||||
Liabilities: | ||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 47.7 | $ | 56.1 | ||||
Accrued compensation | 34.4 | 34.6 | ||||||
Accrued interest | 25.9 | 16.1 | ||||||
Accrued lease costs | 29.6 | 30.5 | ||||||
Other accrued expenses | 38.2 | 42.3 | ||||||
Deferred revenues | 30.1 | 21.3 | ||||||
Short-term debt (Note 8) | 175.0 | 80.0 | ||||||
Other current liabilities | 17.5 | 18.7 | ||||||
Total current liabilities | 398.4 | 299.6 | ||||||
Long-term debt, net (Note 8) | 2,158.5 | 2,145.3 | ||||||
Deferred income tax liabilities, net | 19.8 | 19.6 | ||||||
Asset retirement obligation (Note 6) | 34.6 | 34.7 | ||||||
Other liabilities | 81.0 | 82.4 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 2,692.3 | 2,581.6 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17) | ||||||||
Stockholders’ equity (Note 9): | ||||||||
Common stock (2018 - 450.0 shares authorized, and 139.5 shares issued | ||||||||
and outstanding; 2017 - 450.0 shares authorized, and 138.6 issued and outstanding) | 1.4 | 1.4 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 1,974.5 | 1,963.0 | ||||||
Distribution in excess of earnings | (877.6 | ) | (775.6 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (16.9 | ) | (7.7 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 1,081.4 | 1,181.1 | ||||||
Non-controlling interests | 42.3 | 45.5 | ||||||
Total equity | 1,123.7 | 1,226.6 | ||||||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 3,816.0 | $ | 3,808.2 | ||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
3
OUTFRONT Media Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||
(in millions, except per share amounts) | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||
Billboard | $ | 290.6 | $ | 272.4 | $ | 810.3 | $ | 782.6 | ||||||||
Transit and other | 123.6 | 120.0 | 343.5 | 336.6 | ||||||||||||
Total revenues | 414.2 | 392.4 | 1,153.8 | 1,119.2 | ||||||||||||
Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Operating | 215.3 | 212.6 | 624.4 | 617.8 | ||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 74.4 | 64.2 | 209.1 | 194.5 | ||||||||||||
Restructuring charges | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 6.3 | ||||||||||||
Net gain on dispositions | (1.3 | ) | (14.1 | ) | (4.2 | ) | (13.6 | ) | ||||||||
Impairment charge | — | — | 42.9 | — | ||||||||||||
Depreciation | 21.0 | 22.3 | 63.4 | 68.3 | ||||||||||||
Amortization | 25.8 | 25.5 | 73.3 | 74.6 | ||||||||||||
Total expenses | 335.3 | 312.1 | 1,010.3 | 947.9 | ||||||||||||
Operating income | 78.9 | 80.3 | 143.5 | 171.3 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense, net | (32.0 | ) | (29.2 | ) | (93.0 | ) | (85.9 | ) | ||||||||
Other income (expense), net | 0.2 | 0.2 | (0.1 | ) | 0.3 | |||||||||||
Income before benefit (provision) for income taxes and equity in earnings of investee companies | 47.1 | 51.3 | 50.4 | 85.7 | ||||||||||||
Benefit (provision) for income taxes | (1.0 | ) | (2.0 | ) | (2.4 | ) | 0.8 | |||||||||
Equity in earnings of investee companies, net of tax | 0.7 | 1.4 | 2.7 | 3.8 | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 46.8 | $ | 50.7 | $ | 50.7 | $ | 90.3 | ||||||||
Net income per common share: | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.33 | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.35 | $ | 0.65 | ||||||||
Diluted | $ | 0.33 | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.35 | $ | 0.65 | ||||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | 139.3 | 138.6 | 139.1 | 138.5 | ||||||||||||
Diluted | 141.5 | 140.9 | 139.4 | 139.7 | ||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
4
OUTFRONT Media Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 46.8 | $ | 50.7 | $ | 50.7 | $ | 90.3 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | ||||||||||||||||
Cumulative translation adjustments | 1.7 | 8.6 | (9.8 | ) | 14.1 | |||||||||||
Net actuarial gain (loss) | — | (0.3 | ) | 0.6 | (0.4 | ) | ||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 1.7 | 8.3 | (9.2 | ) | 13.7 | |||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | $ | 48.5 | $ | 59.0 | $ | 41.5 | $ | 104.0 | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
5
OUTFRONT Media Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Equity
(Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share amounts) | Shares of Common Stock | Common Stock ($0.01 per share par value) | Additional Paid-In Capital | Distribution in Excess of Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Total Stockholders’ Equity | Non-Controlling Interests | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of June 30, 2017 | 138.6 | $ | 1.4 | $ | 1,953.9 | $ | (760.3 | ) | $ | (13.1 | ) | $ | 1,181.9 | $ | 44.7 | $ | 1,226.6 | ||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | 50.7 | — | 50.7 | — | 50.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | 8.3 | 8.3 | — | 8.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based payments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization | — | — | 5.2 | — | — | 5.2 | — | 5.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares paid for tax withholding for stock-based payments | — | — | (0.4 | ) | — | — | (0.4 | ) | — | (0.4 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends ($0.36 per share) | — | — | — | (50.7 | ) | — | (50.7 | ) | — | (50.7 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.8 | 0.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of September 30, 2017 | 138.6 | $ | 1.4 | $ | 1,958.7 | $ | (760.3 | ) | $ | (4.8 | ) | $ | 1,195.0 | $ | 45.5 | $ | 1,240.5 | ||||||||||||||
Balance as of June 30, 2018 | 139.3 | $ | 1.4 | $ | 1,965.5 | $ | (873.5 | ) | $ | (18.6 | ) | $ | 1,074.8 | $ | 45.7 | $ | 1,120.5 | ||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | 46.8 | — | 46.8 | — | 46.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | 1.7 | 1.7 | — | 1.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based payments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization | — | — | 4.8 | — | — | 4.8 | — | 4.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares paid for tax withholding for stock-based payments | — | — | (0.1 | ) | — | — | (0.1 | ) | — | (0.1 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends ($0.36 per share) | — | — | — | (50.9 | ) | — | (50.9 | ) | — | (50.9 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Class A equity interest redemptions | 0.2 | — | 4.2 | — | — | 4.2 | (4.2 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | 0.1 | — | — | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of September 30, 2018 | 139.5 | $ | 1.4 | $ | 1,974.5 | $ | (877.6 | ) | $ | (16.9 | ) | $ | 1,081.4 | $ | 42.3 | $ | 1,123.7 | ||||||||||||||
6
OUTFRONT Media Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Equity (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(in millions, except per share amounts) | Shares of Common Stock | Common Stock ($0.01 per share par value) | Additional Paid-In Capital | Distribution in Excess of Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Total Stockholders’ Equity | Non-Controlling Interests | Total Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2016 | 138.0 | $ | 1.4 | $ | 1,949.5 | $ | (699.5 | ) | $ | (18.5 | ) | $ | 1,232.9 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 1,233.0 | ||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | 90.3 | — | 90.3 | — | 90.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | 13.7 | 13.7 | — | 13.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based payments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative prior period adjustment to amortization of estimated forfeitures | — | — | 0.5 | (0.5 | ) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Vested | 0.7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options | 0.2 | — | 1.2 | — | — | 1.2 | — | 1.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization | — | — | 16.1 | — | — | 16.1 | — | 16.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares paid for tax withholding for stock-based payments | (0.3 | ) | — | (8.6 | ) | — | — | (8.6 | ) | — | (8.6 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of shares of a subsidiary | — | — | — | — | — | — | 44.6 | 44.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends ($1.08 per share) | — | — | — | (150.6 | ) | — | (150.6 | ) | — | (150.6 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | — | — | — | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of September 30, 2017 | 138.6 | $ | 1.4 | $ | 1,958.7 | $ | (760.3 | ) | $ | (4.8 | ) | $ | 1,195.0 | $ | 45.5 | $ | 1,240.5 | ||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2017 | 138.6 | $ | 1.4 | $ | 1,963.0 | $ | (775.6 | ) | $ | (7.7 | ) | $ | 1,181.1 | $ | 45.5 | $ | 1,226.6 | ||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | 50.7 | — | 50.7 | — | 50.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | — | (9.2 | ) | (9.2 | ) | — | (9.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based payments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vested | 1.0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization | — | — | 15.4 | — | — | 15.4 | — | 15.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares paid for tax withholding for stock-based payments | (0.3 | ) | — | (8.2 | ) | — | — | (8.2 | ) | — | (8.2 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Class A equity interest redemptions | 0.2 | — | 4.2 | — | — | 4.2 | (4.2 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends ($1.08 per share) | — | — | — | (152.7 | ) | — | (152.7 | ) | — | (152.7 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | 0.1 | — | — | 0.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of September 30, 2018 | 139.5 | $ | 1.4 | $ | 1,974.5 | $ | (877.6 | ) | $ | (16.9 | ) | $ | 1,081.4 | $ | 42.3 | $ | 1,123.7 | ||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
7
OUTFRONT Media Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended | ||||||||
September 30, | ||||||||
(in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
Operating activities: | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 50.7 | $ | 90.3 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow provided by operating activities: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 136.7 | 142.9 | ||||||
Deferred tax benefit | (1.8 | ) | (3.9 | ) | ||||
Stock-based compensation | 15.4 | 16.1 | ||||||
Provision for doubtful accounts | 0.7 | 2.3 | ||||||
Accretion expense | 1.8 | 1.8 | ||||||
Net gain on dispositions | (4.2 | ) | (13.6 | ) | ||||
Impairment charge | 42.9 | — | ||||||
Equity in earnings of investee companies, net of tax | (2.7 | ) | (3.8 | ) | ||||
Distributions from investee companies | 1.5 | 2.1 | ||||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs and debt discount and premium | 4.2 | 4.6 | ||||||
Cash paid for direct lease acquisition costs | (30.2 | ) | (30.0 | ) | ||||
Change in assets and liabilities, net of investing and financing activities: | ||||||||
Increase in receivables | (30.9 | ) | (16.6 | ) | ||||
Increase in prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs | (48.8 | ) | — | |||||
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets | 1.1 | 19.0 | ||||||
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses | (0.4 | ) | (34.9 | ) | ||||
Increase in deferred revenues | 8.8 | 8.6 | ||||||
Decrease in income taxes | (3.1 | ) | (3.5 | ) | ||||
Other, net | (4.3 | ) | 1.2 | |||||
Net cash flow provided by operating activities | 137.4 | 182.6 | ||||||
Investing activities: | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | (62.1 | ) | (58.6 | ) | ||||
Acquisitions | (5.6 | ) | (62.8 | ) | ||||
MTA franchise rights | (9.4 | ) | — | |||||
Net proceeds from dispositions | 6.0 | 1.6 | ||||||
Net cash flow used for investing activities | (71.1 | ) | (119.8 | ) | ||||
Financing activities: | ||||||||
Proceeds from long-term debt borrowings | 89.0 | 8.3 | ||||||
Repayments of long-term debt borrowings | (79.0 | ) | — | |||||
Proceeds from borrowings under short-term debt facilities | 200.0 | 223.0 | ||||||
Repayments of borrowings under short-term debt facilities | (105.0 | ) | (150.0 | ) | ||||
Payments of deferred financing costs | (0.2 | ) | (7.7 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from stock option exercises | — | 1.2 | ||||||
Earnout payment related to prior acquisition | — | (2.0 | ) | |||||
Taxes withheld for stock-based compensation | (8.2 | ) | (8.2 | ) | ||||
Dividends | (152.9 | ) | (151.0 | ) | ||||
Other | — | (0.2 | ) | |||||
Net cash flow used for financing activities | (56.3 | ) | (86.6 | ) | ||||
8
OUTFRONT Media Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended | ||||||||
September 30, | ||||||||
(in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (0.2 | ) | 0.6 | |||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 9.8 | (23.2 | ) | |||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 48.3 | 65.2 | ||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 58.1 | $ | 42.0 | ||||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | ||||||||
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 7.2 | $ | 6.6 | ||||
Cash paid for interest | 79.2 | 72.8 | ||||||
Non-cash investing and financing activities: | ||||||||
Accrued purchases of property and equipment | $ | 6.1 | $ | 5.4 | ||||
Issuance of shares of a subsidiary for an acquisition | — | 44.6 | ||||||
Acquisitions | — | (15.4 | ) | |||||
Dispositions | — | 15.4 | ||||||
Taxes withheld for stock-based compensation | — | 0.3 | ||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
9
Note 1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
Description of Business
OUTFRONT Media Inc. (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “us” or “our”) is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), which provides advertising space (“displays”) on out-of-home advertising structures and sites in the United States (the “U.S.”) and Canada. Our inventory consists of billboard displays, which are primarily located on the most heavily traveled highways and roadways in top Nielsen Designated Market Areas (“DMAs”), and transit advertising displays operated under exclusive multi-year contracts with municipalities in large cities across the U.S. and Canada. We also have marketing and multimedia rights agreements with colleges, universities and other educational institutions, which entitle us to operate on-campus advertising displays, as well as manage marketing opportunities, media rights and experiential entertainment at sports events. In total, we have displays in all of the 25 largest markets in the U.S. and approximately 140 markets across the U.S. and Canada. We manage our operations through three operating segments—(1) U.S. Billboard and Transit, which is included in our U.S. Media reportable segment, (2) International and (3) Sports Marketing.
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of our management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Certain reclassifications of prior year’s data have been made to conform to the current period’s presentation. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the more detailed financial statements and notes thereto, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2018.
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
Note 2. New Accounting Standards
Adoption of New Accounting Standards
Goodwill
In the second quarter of 2018, we early adopted the Financial Accounting Standard Board’s (the “FASB’s”) guidance simplifying the test for goodwill impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying value of that goodwill. Under that new guidance, which is applied prospectively, if the carrying value of a reporting unit is greater than its fair value, a goodwill impairment charge will be recorded for the difference up to the carrying value of the goodwill. The loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In the second quarter of 2018, we recorded an impairment charge of $42.9 million on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and an impairment balance of $42.9 million in Goodwill on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position related to our Canadian reporting unit. (See Note 4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements.)
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
In the first quarter of 2018, we adopted the FASB’s principles-based guidance addressing revenue recognition issues, applying the modified retrospective method of adoption. The guidance is being applied to all contracts with customers regardless of industry-specific or transaction-specific fact patterns. The guidance requires that the amount of revenue a company should recognize reflect the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for goods and services. The revenue recognition
10
guidance is primarily applicable to our multi-year transit advertising contracts with municipalities in the U.S. and Canada, and marketing and multimedia rights agreements with colleges, universities and other educational institutions. Our billboard lease revenues are recognized under the lease accounting standard. The adoption of this guidance did not impact revenues from our multi-year transit advertising contracts, but resulted in the recognition of additional revenues of $1.8 million, additional operating expenses of $1.3 million and additional selling, general and administrative expenses of $0.5 million in our Sports Marketing operating segment in the three months ended September 30, 2018, and additional revenues of $5.6 million, additional operating expenses of $3.9 million and additional selling, general and administrative expenses of $1.7 million in our Sports Marketing operating segment in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, related to revenues that would have been recognized on a net basis under the old standard. Adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. (See Note 10. Revenues to the Consolidated Financial Statements.)
Recent Pronouncements
Leases
In February 2016 (updated in July 2018), the FASB issued guidance addressing the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and lessors. The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. Lessors will account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. The update in July 2018 provides an additional (optional) transition method to adopt the new lease standard, allowing entities to apply the new lease standard at the adoption date rather than adjusting each period presented at the date of adoption. The update also provides lessors a practical expedient to allow them to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component and instead to account for those components as a single component if certain criteria are met. We plan to utilize the updated transition method beginning January 1, 2019. The updated practical expedient for lessors will not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.
As of September 30, 2018, we had approximately 20,900 lease agreements in the U.S. and approximately 2,800 lease agreements in Canada, the majority of which will be classified as operating leases under the new guidance. We are currently evaluating our lease contracts and are in the process of implementing a new lease software system which will enable us to comply with this standard. This standard will require us to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability for the present value of minimum lease payments for operating leases with a term greater than 12 months and will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements. Our billboard lease revenues will continue to be recognized on a straight-line basis over their respective lease terms.
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Note 3. Property and Equipment
The table below presents the balances of major classes of assets and accumulated depreciation.
As of | ||||||||||
(in millions) | Estimated Useful Lives | September 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||||
Land | $ | 97.7 | $ | 94.4 | ||||||
Buildings | 20 to 40 years | 49.7 | 51.3 | |||||||
Advertising structures | 5 to 20 years | 1,788.3 | 1,750.8 | |||||||
Furniture, equipment and other | 3 to 10 years | 127.9 | 120.7 | |||||||
Construction in progress | 23.5 | 27.4 | ||||||||
2,087.1 | 2,044.6 | |||||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation | 1,429.6 | 1,382.5 | ||||||||
Property and equipment, net | $ | 657.5 | $ | 662.1 | ||||||
Depreciation expense was $21.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018, and $22.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017. Depreciation expense was $63.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and $68.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Note 4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017, the changes in the book value of goodwill by segment were as follows:
(in millions) | U.S. Media | Other | Total | |||||||||
As of December 31, 2016 | $ | 2,054.0 | $ | 35.4 | $ | 2,089.4 | ||||||
Currency translation adjustments | — | 4.3 | 4.3 | |||||||||
Additions(a) | — | 34.3 | 34.3 | |||||||||
As of December 31, 2017 | 2,054.0 | 74.0 | 2,128.0 | |||||||||
Currency translation adjustments | — | (2.5 | ) | (2.5 | ) | |||||||
Impairment | — | (42.9 | ) | (42.9 | ) | |||||||
As of September 30, 2018 | $ | 2,054.0 | $ | 28.6 | $ | 2,082.6 | ||||||
(a) | Non-tax deductible goodwill associated with the Transaction (as defined below, see Note 9. Equity and Note 12. Acquisitions to the Consolidated Financial Statements). |
On April 1, 2018, we early adopted the FASB’s guidance simplifying the test for goodwill impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. (See Note 2. New Accounting Standards to the Consolidated Financial Statements.) If the carrying value of a reporting unit is greater than its fair value, a goodwill impairment charge will be recorded for the difference up to the carrying value of the goodwill. The loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.
Goodwill is not amortized but is tested at the reporting-unit level annually for impairment and between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying value. We compute the estimated fair value of each reporting unit by adding the present value of the estimated annual cash flows over a discrete projection period to the residual value of the business at the end of the projection period. This technique requires us to use significant estimates and assumptions such as growth rates, operating margins, capital expenditures and discount rates. The estimated growth rates, operating margins and capital expenditures for the projection period are based on our internal forecasts of future performance as well as historical trends. The residual value is estimated based on a perpetual nominal growth rate, which is based on projected long-range inflation and long-term industry projections. The discount rates are determined based on the weighted average cost of capital of comparable entities. There can be no assurance that these estimates and assumptions will
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prove to be an accurate prediction of the future, and a downward revision of these estimates and/or assumptions would decrease the fair values of our reporting units, which could result in additional impairment charges in the future.
The estimated fair value of the Canadian reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by 2.9% as of December 31, 2017, based on our goodwill impairment assessment in the prior year. In the second quarter of 2018, our Canadian reporting unit did not meet revenue expectations and pacing reflected a decline as compared to the 2018 forecast due to the underperformance of our static poster assets and digital displays. As a result, we determined that there was a decline in the outlook for our Canadian reporting unit. This determination constituted a triggering event, requiring an interim goodwill impairment analysis of our Canadian reporting unit.
As a result of the impairment analysis performed during the second quarter of 2018, we determined that the carrying value of our Canadian reporting unit exceeded its fair value and we recorded an impairment charge of $42.9 million in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of September 30, 2018, goodwill related to our Canadian reporting unit, net of accumulated impairment of $42.9 million, was $22.7 million. As of December 31, 2017, goodwill associated with our Canadian reporting unit was $68.1 million.
Other Intangible Assets
Our identifiable intangible assets primarily consist of acquired permits and leasehold agreements, and franchise agreements, which grant us the right to operate out-of-home structures in specified locations and the right to provide advertising space on railroad and municipal transit properties. Identifiable intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life, which is the respective life of the agreement that in some cases includes historical experience of renewals.
Our identifiable intangible assets consist of the following:
(in millions) | Gross | Accumulated Amortization | Net | |||||||||
As of September 30, 2018: | ||||||||||||
Permits and leasehold agreements | $ | 1,109.6 | $ | (688.8 | ) | $ | 420.8 | |||||
Franchise agreements(a) | 465.6 | (354.3 | ) | 111.3 | ||||||||
Other intangible assets | 47.1 | (31.2 | ) | 15.9 | ||||||||
Total intangible assets | $ | 1,622.3 | $ | (1,074.3 | ) | $ | 548.0 | |||||
As of December 31, 2017: | ||||||||||||
Permits and leasehold agreements | $ | 1,111.3 | $ | (661.6 | ) | $ | 449.7 | |||||
Franchise agreements(a) | 455.4 | (346.2 | ) | 109.2 | ||||||||
Other intangible assets | 47.1 | (25.1 | ) | 22.0 | ||||||||
Total intangible assets | $ | 1,613.8 | $ | (1,032.9 | ) | $ | 580.9 | |||||
(a) | As of September 30, 2018, includes $10.3 million and as of December 31, 2017, includes $0.9 million related to MTA equipment deployment costs. (See Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements.) |
All of our intangible assets, except goodwill, are subject to amortization. Amortization expense was $25.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018, and $25.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, which includes the amortization of direct lease acquisition costs of $11.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018, and $10.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017. Amortization expense was $73.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and $74.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, which includes the amortization of direct lease acquisition costs of $31.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and $29.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Direct lease acquisition costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the related customer lease term, which generally ranges from four weeks to one year.
Note 5. Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and short-term (maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase) highly liquid investments.
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We classify cash balances that are legally restricted pursuant to contractual arrangements as restricted cash. In the third quarter of 2018, we entered into an escrow agreement in connection with one of our transit franchise contracts, which requires us to deposit funds into an escrow account to fund capital expenditures over the term of the transit franchise contract. As of September 30, 2018, we have $1.4 million of restricted cash deposited in the escrow account.
As of | ||||||||||||
(in millions) | September 30, 2018 | September 30, 2017 | December 31, 2017 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 56.7 | $ | 42.0 | $ | 48.3 | ||||||
Restricted cash | 1.4 | — | — | |||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 58.1 | $ | 42.0 | $ | 48.3 | ||||||
Note 6. Asset Retirement Obligation
The following table sets forth the change in the asset retirement obligations associated with our advertising structures located on leased properties. The obligation is calculated based on the assumption that all of our advertising structures will be removed within the next 50 years. The estimated annual costs to dismantle and remove the structures upon the termination or non-renewal of our leases are consistent with our historical experience.
(in millions) | ||||
As of December 31, 2017 | $ | 34.7 | ||
Accretion expense | 1.8 | |||
Additions | 0.1 | |||
Liabilities settled | (1.8 | ) | ||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | (0.2 | ) | ||
As of September 30, 2018 | $ | 34.6 | ||
Note 7. Related Party Transactions
We have a 50% ownership interest in two joint ventures that operate transit shelters in the greater Los Angeles area and Vancouver, and four joint ventures which currently operate a total of 15 billboard displays in New York and Boston. All of these joint ventures are accounted for as equity investments. These investments totaled $20.8 million as of September 30, 2018, and $19.5 million as of December 31, 2017, and are included in Other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. We provided sales and management services to these joint ventures and recorded management fees in Revenues on the Consolidated Statement of Operations of $2.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018, $2.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, and $5.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $5.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
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Note 8. Debt
Debt, net, consists of the following:
As of | ||||||||
(in millions, except percentages) | September 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||
Short-term debt: | ||||||||
AR Facility | $ | 100.0 | $ | 80.0 | ||||
Repurchase Facility | 75.0 | — | ||||||
Total short-term debt | 175.0 | 80.0 | ||||||
Long-term debt: | ||||||||
Revolving credit facility | 10.0 | — | ||||||
Term loan, due 2024 | 668.1 | 667.8 | ||||||
Senior unsecured notes: | ||||||||
5.250% senior unsecured notes, due 2022 | 549.7 | 549.6 | ||||||
5.625% senior unsecured notes, due 2024 | 502.2 | 502.6 | ||||||
5.875% senior unsecured notes, due 2025 | 450.0 | 450.0 | ||||||
Total senior unsecured notes | 1,501.9 | 1,502.2 | ||||||
Debt issuance costs | (21.5 | ) | (24.7 | ) | ||||
Total long-term debt, net | 2,158.5 | 2,145.3 | ||||||
Total debt, net | $ | 2,333.5 | $ | 2,225.3 | ||||
Weighted average cost of debt | 5.0 | % | 4.8 | % | ||||
Term Loan
The interest rate on the term loan due in 2024 (the “Term Loan”) was 4.1% per annum as of September 30, 2018. As of September 30, 2018, a discount of $1.9 million on the Term Loan remains unamortized. The discount is being amortized through Interest expense, net, on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Revolving Credit Facility
We also have a $430.0 million revolving credit facility, which matures in 2022 (the “Revolving Credit Facility,” together with the Term Loan, the “Senior Credit Facilities”).
As of September 30, 2018, there were $10.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 4.5%. As of November 5, 2018, there were $25.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 4.5%.
The commitment fee based on the amount of unused commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility was $0.4 million in each of the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and $1.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and $1.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As of September 30, 2018, we had issued letters of credit totaling approximately $66.1 million against the letter of credit facility sublimit under the Revolving Credit Facility.
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Standalone Letter of Credit Facilities
As of September 30, 2018, we had issued letters of credit totaling approximately $128.8 million under our aggregate $150.0 million standalone letter of credit facilities. The total fees under the letter of credit facilities were immaterial in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Accounts Receivable Securitization Facilities
On September 6, 2018, the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company and MUFG Bank, Ltd. (f/k/a The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.) (“MUFG”) entered into amendments to the agreements governing the Company’s $100.0 million three-year revolving accounts receivable securitization facility (the “AR Facility”), along with other agreements with MUFG, pursuant to which the Company (i) extended the term of the AR Facility for one year so that it will now terminate on June 30, 2021, unless further extended, and (ii) entered into a 364-day $75.0 million structured repurchase facility (the “Repurchase Facility” and together with the AR Facility, the “AR Securitization Facilities”).
In connection with the AR Securitization Facilities, Outfront Media LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Originator”), will sell and/or contribute its existing and future accounts receivable and certain related assets to Outfront Media Receivables LLC, a special purpose vehicle and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “SPV”). The SPV will transfer an undivided interest in the accounts receivable assets to certain purchasers from time to time (the “Purchasers”). The SPV is a separate legal entity with its own separate creditors who will be entitled to access the SPV’s assets before the assets become available to the Company. Accordingly, the SPV’s assets are not available to pay creditors of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, although collections from the receivables in excess of amounts required to repay the Purchasers and other creditors of the SPV may be remitted to the Company.
In connection with the Repurchase Facility, the Originator may borrow up to $75.0 million, collateralized by a subordinated note (the “Subordinated Note”) issued by the SPV in favor of the Originator and representing a portion of the outstanding balance of the accounts receivable assets sold by the Originator to the SPV under the AR Facility. The Subordinated Note will be transferred to MUFG, as repurchase buyer, on an uncommitted basis, and subject to repurchase by the Originator on termination of the Repurchase Facility. The Originator has granted MUFG a security interest in the Subordinated Note to secure its obligations under the agreements governing the Repurchase Facility, and the Company has agreed to guarantee the Originator’s obligations under the agreements governing the Repurchase Facility.
As of September 30, 2018, there were $100.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the AR Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 3.1%, and $75.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Repurchase Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 3.4%. As of September 30, 2018, we had no borrowing capacity remaining under either the AR Facility or the Repurchase Facility, based on approximately $216.8 million of accounts receivables used as collateral for the AR Securitization Facilities, in accordance with the agreements governing the AR Securitization Facilities. The commitment fee based on the amount of unused commitments under the AR Facility was immaterial for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. As of November 5, 2018, there were $75.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the AR Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 3.2%, and $75.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Repurchase Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 3.5%.
Senior Unsecured Notes
As of September 30, 2018, a discount of $0.3 million on $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 5.250% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022, remains unamortized. The discount is being amortized through Interest expense, net, on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
As of September 30, 2018, a premium of $2.2 million on $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 5.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2024, remains unamortized. The premium is being amortized through Interest expense, net, on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
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Debt Covenants
Our credit agreement, dated as of January 31, 2014 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified, the “Credit Agreement”), governing the Senior Credit Facilities, the agreements governing the AR Facility, and the indentures governing our senior unsecured notes contain customary affirmative and negative covenants, subject to certain exceptions, including but not limited to those that limit the Company’s and our subsidiaries’ abilities to (i) pay dividends on, repurchase or make distributions in respect to the Company’s or its wholly-owned subsidiary, Outfront Media Capital LLC’s (“Finance LLC’s”) capital stock or make other restricted payments other than dividends or distributions necessary for us to maintain our REIT status, subject to certain conditions, and (ii) enter into agreements restricting certain subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends or make other intercompany third party transfers.
The terms of the Credit Agreement (and under certain circumstances, the agreements governing the AR Securitization Facilities) require that we maintain a Consolidated Net Secured Leverage Ratio, which is the ratio of (i) our consolidated secured debt (less up to $150.0 million of unrestricted cash) to (ii) our Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the trailing four consecutive quarters, of no greater than 4.0 to 1.0. As of September 30, 2018, our Consolidated Net Secured Leverage Ratio was 1.5 to 1.0 in accordance with the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement also requires that, in connection with the incurrence of certain indebtedness, we satisfy a Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio, which is the ratio of our consolidated total debt to our Consolidated EBITDA for the trailing four consecutive quarters, of no greater than 6.0 to 1.0. As of September 30, 2018, our Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio was 4.9 to 1.0 in accordance with the Credit Agreement. As of September 30, 2018, we are in compliance with our debt covenants.
Deferred Financing Costs
As of September 30, 2018, we had deferred $25.5 million in fees and expenses associated with the Term Loan, Revolving Credit Facility, AR Securitization Facilities and our senior unsecured notes. We are amortizing the deferred fees through Interest expense, net, on the Consolidated Statement of Operations over the respective terms of the Term Loan, Revolving Credit Facility, AR Facility and our senior unsecured notes.
Fair Value
Under the fair value hierarchy, observable inputs such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are defined as Level 1; observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability are defined as Level 2; and unobservable inputs for the asset or liability are defined as Level 3. The aggregate fair value of our debt, which is estimated based on quoted market prices of similar liabilities, was approximately $2.4 billion as of September 30, 2018, and $2.3 billion as of December 31, 2017. The fair value of our debt as of both September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, is classified as Level 2.
Note 9. Equity
As of September 30, 2018, 450,000,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, were authorized; 139,453,420 shares were issued and outstanding; and 50,000,000 shares of our preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, were authorized with no shares issued and outstanding.
On June 13, 2017, certain subsidiaries of OUTFRONT Media Inc. acquired the equity interests of certain subsidiaries of All Vision LLC (“All Vision”), which hold substantially all of All Vision’s outdoor advertising assets in Canada, and effectuated an amalgamation of All Vision’s Canadian business with our Canadian business (the “Transaction”) (see Note 12. Acquisitions). In connection with the Transaction, the Company issued 1,953,407 shares of Class A equity interests of a subsidiary of the Company that controls its Canadian business (“Outfront Canada”).
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The Class A equity interests are entitled to receive priority cash distributions from Outfront Canada at the same time and in the same per share amount as the dividends paid on shares of the Company’s common stock. The Class A equity interests may be redeemed by the holders in exchange for shares of the Company’s common stock on a one-for-one basis (subject to anti-dilution adjustments) or, at the Company’s option, cash equal to the then fair market value of the shares of the Company’s common stock commencing (i) one year after closing, with respect to 55% of the Class A equity interests, and (ii) 18 months after closing, with respect to the remaining 45% of the Class A equity interests. In connection with the Transaction, the Company has agreed to limitations on its ability to sell or otherwise dispose of the assets acquired from All Vision for a period of five years, unless it pays holders of the Class A equity interests in Outfront Canada an amount intended to approximate their resulting tax liability. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we made distributions of $2.0 million to holders of the Class A equity interests, which are recorded in Dividends on our Consolidated Statements of Equity and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. As of September 30, 2018, 183,354 Class A equity interests have been redeemed for shares of the Company’s common stock.
In the third quarter of 2018, we issued 7,442 shares of our common stock under the Outfront Media Inc. Amended and Restated Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan, valued at $0.1 million, to a consultant for services rendered.
On November 21, 2017, we entered into a sales agreement in connection with an “at-the-market” equity offering program (the “ATM Program”), under which we may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of our common stock up to an aggregate offering price of $300.0 million. We have no obligation to sell any of our common stock under the sales agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the sales agreement. As of November 5, 2018, no shares of our common stock have been sold under the ATM Program, and accordingly, as of November 5, 2018, $300.0 million remained available to be sold under the sales agreement.
On October 23, 2018, we announced that our board of directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.36 per share on our common stock, payable on December 31, 2018, to stockholders of record at the close of business on December 7, 2018.
Note 10. Revenues
Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted the FASB’s principles-based guidance addressing revenue recognition issues, applying the modified retrospective method of adoption. Accordingly, historical financial information has not been affected (see Note 2. New Accounting Standards to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
We derive Revenues from the following sources: (i) billboard displays, (ii) transit displays, and (iii) other.
Billboard display revenues are derived from providing advertising space to customers on our physical billboards or other outdoor structures. We generally (i) own the physical structures on which we display advertising copy for our customers, (ii) hold the legal permits to display advertising thereon, and (iii) lease the underlying sites. Billboard display revenues are recognized under the lease accounting standard as rental income on a straight-line basis over the customer lease term.
Transit display revenues are derived from agreements with municipalities and transit operators, which entitle us to operate advertising displays within their transit systems, including on the interior and exterior of rail and subway cars and buses, as well as on benches, transit shelters, street kiosks and transit platforms. Transit display contracts typically require the installation and delivery of multiple advertising displays, for which locations are not specifically identified. Installation services are highly interdependent with the provision of advertising space, and therefore the installation and display of advertising is recognized as a single performance obligation. Transit display revenues are recognized based on the level of units displayed in proportion to the total units to be displayed over the contract period.
Other revenues are derived primarily from (i) the production of advertisements to be displayed on our billboards or other outdoor sites, or on displays that we operate within transit systems, and (ii) revenues from marketing and multimedia rights agreements with colleges, universities and other educational institutions, which entitle us to operate on-campus advertising displays, as well as manage marketing opportunities, media rights and experiential entertainment at sports events. Production services are not interrelated with the provision of advertising space and are considered a distinct performance obligation. Production revenue is recognized over the production period, which is typically very short in duration. Revenues from our Sports Marketing operating segment are principally derived from advertising and marketing arrangements and are recognized over the contract period.
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Our billboard display and transit display contracts with customers range from four weeks to one year and billing commences at the beginning of the contract term, with payment generally due within 30 days of billing. For the majority of our contracts, transaction prices are explicitly stated. Any contracts with transaction prices that contain multiple performance obligations, are allocated primarily based on the residual approach, as we sell our services at a broad range of amounts depending on seasonality, the packaging of various advertising displays within a contract, and other economic factors.
We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected term of one year or less, which primarily represent the transaction price allocated to the remaining display period for unsatisfied transit franchise contracts. Unsatisfied performance obligations with an original expected term of over one year relate to multi-year marketing and multimedia rights agreements with customers of our Sports Marketing operating segment, the value of which is $77.7 million as of September 30, 2018, are expected to be satisfied over the next 5 years.
For all revenue sources, we evaluate whether we should be considered the principal (i.e., report revenues on a gross basis) or an agent (i.e., report revenues on a net basis). Except for an insignificant number of smaller sports marketing contracts, we are considered the principal in our arrangements and report revenues on a gross basis, wherein the amounts billed to customers are recorded as revenues, and amounts paid to municipalities, transit operators, educational institutions and suppliers are recorded as expenses. We are considered the principal because we control the advertising space and multi-media rights before and after the contract term, are primarily responsible to our customers, have discretion in pricing and typically have inventory risk.
For space provided to advertisers through the use of an advertising agency whose commission is calculated based on a stated percentage of gross advertising spending, our Revenues are reported net of agency commissions.
The following table summarizes revenues by source:
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||
Billboard: | ||||||||||||||||
Static displays | $ | 223.9 | $ | 216.6 | $ | 630.6 | $ | 623.7 | ||||||||
Digital displays | 57.4 | 46.3 | 152.6 | 123.6 | ||||||||||||
Other | 9.3 | 9.5 | 27.1 | 35.3 | ||||||||||||
Billboard revenues | 290.6 | 272.4 | 810.3 | 782.6 | ||||||||||||
Transit: | ||||||||||||||||
Static displays | 87.0 | 91.7 | 238.8 | 251.5 | ||||||||||||
Digital displays | 15.2 | 10.9 | 39.9 | 30.1 | ||||||||||||
Other | 9.6 | 8.8 | 27.2 | 25.3 | ||||||||||||
Total transit revenues | 111.8 | 111.4 | 305.9 | 306.9 | ||||||||||||
Sports marketing and other | 11.8 | 8.6 | 37.6 | 29.7 | ||||||||||||
Transit and other revenues | 123.6 | 120.0 | 343.5 | 336.6 | ||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 414.2 | $ | 392.4 | $ | 1,153.8 | $ | 1,119.2 | ||||||||
Rental income was $281.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018, $262.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, $783.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and $747.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and is recorded in Billboard revenues on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
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The following table summarizes revenues by geography:
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||
United States: | ||||||||||||||||
Billboard | $ | 271.3 | $ | 254.9 | $ | 760.1 | $ | 739.2 | ||||||||
Transit and other | 108.4 | 108.1 | 296.7 | 298.0 | ||||||||||||
Sports marketing and other | 11.8 | 8.6 | 37.6 | 29.7 | ||||||||||||
Total United States revenues | 391.5 | 371.6 | 1,094.4 | 1,066.9 | ||||||||||||
Canada | 22.7 | 20.8 | 59.4 | 52.3 | ||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 414.2 | $ | 392.4 | $ | 1,153.8 | $ | 1,119.2 | ||||||||
Our revenues are sensitive to fluctuations in advertising expenditures, general economic conditions and other external events beyond our control.
Contract Costs and Balances
Variable sales commission costs directly associated with billboard display revenues are considered direct lease acquisition costs in accordance with the lease accounting standard and are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the related customer lease term (see Note 4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Amortization of direct lease acquisition costs is presented within Amortization expense in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Variable sales commission costs which are directly associated with transit display and other revenues are included in Selling, general, and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Operations, and are expensed as incurred since the amortization period of the asset would have been less than one year.
Amounts to be collected from customers for revenues recognized in previous periods are included in Receivables, less allowance, on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Amounts collected from customers for revenues to be recognized in future periods are included in Deferred revenues on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. We recognized substantially all of the Deferred revenues on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of December 31, 2017, during the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Note 11. Restructuring Charges
For the three months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded restructuring charges of $0.1 million, which was recorded in our U.S. Media segment for severance charges associated with the reorganization of various departments. For the three months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded restructuring charges of $1.6 million, of which $1.2 million was recorded in Other for severance charges primarily associated with the Transaction and $0.4 million was recorded in our U.S. Media segment for severance charges associated with the reorganization of our sales management and administrative functions. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded restructuring charges of $1.4 million, of which $0.8 million was recorded in Other for severance charges associated with the reorganization of our Sports Marketing operating segment management team and $0.6 million was recorded in our U.S. Media segment for severance charges associated with the reorganization of various departments. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we recorded restructuring charges of $6.3 million, of which $4.0 million was recorded in Other for severance charges primarily associated with the Transaction and $2.3 million was recorded in our U.S. Media segment for severance charges associated with the reorganization of our sales management and administrative functions. As of September 30, 2018, $2.1 million in restructuring reserves remain outstanding and is included in Other current liabilities on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
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Note 12. Acquisitions
In connection with the Transaction, the Company paid approximately $94.4 million for the assets, comprised of $50.0 million in cash and $44.4 million, or 1,953,407 shares, of Class A equity interests of Outfront Canada (see Note 9. Equity to the Consolidated Financial Statements), subject to post-closing adjustments (upward or downward) for closing date working capital and indebtedness, and for the achievement of certain operating income before depreciation and amortization targets relating to the acquired assets in 2017 and 2018. The issued Class A equity interests of Outfront Canada are redeemable non-controlling interests and are included in Non-controlling interests on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position based on actual foreign currency exchange rates on the closing date of the Transaction compared to the negotiated foreign currency exchange rate used in the valuation described above.
The allocation of the purchase price of approximately $94.4 million is based on management’s estimate of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the closing date of the Transaction, which was $68.0 million of identified intangible assets, $34.3 million of goodwill, $17.0 million of deferred tax liabilities and $9.1 million of other assets and liabilities (primarily property and equipment).
We completed several acquisitions for a total purchase price of approximately $5.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and including the Transaction, $107.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
In the second quarter of 2018, we entered into an agreement to acquire 14 digital and 7 static billboard displays in California for a total estimated purchase price of $35.4 million, subject to post-closing adjustments for the achievement of operating income before depreciation and amortization targets relating to the acquired displays. The transaction is expected to close in 2019, subject to customary closing conditions and the timing of site development.
Note 13. Stock-Based Compensation
The following table summarizes our stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||
Restricted share units (“RSUs”) and performance-based RSUs (“PRSUs”) | $ | 4.8 | $ | 5.1 | $ | 15.4 | $ | 15.9 | ||||||||
Stock options | — | 0.1 | — | 0.2 | ||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense, before income taxes | 4.8 | 5.2 | 15.4 | 16.1 | ||||||||||||
Tax benefit | (0.4 | ) | (0.6 | ) | (1.1 | ) | (1.6 | ) | ||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense, net of tax | $ | 4.4 | $ | 4.6 | $ | 14.3 | $ | 14.5 | ||||||||
As of September 30, 2018, total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs and PRSUs was $25.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.0 years.
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RSUs and PRSUs
The following table summarizes activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, of RSUs and PRSUs issued to our employees.
Activity | Weighted Average Per Share Grant Date Fair Market Value | ||||||
Non-vested as of December 31, 2017 | 1,632,120 | $ | 24.43 | ||||
Granted: | |||||||
RSUs | 837,517 | 21.43 | |||||
PRSUs | 383,913 | 21.52 | |||||
Vested: | |||||||
RSUs | (590,383 | ) | 24.38 | ||||
PRSUs | (295,945 | ) | 24.75 | ||||
Forfeitures: | |||||||
RSUs | (87,604 | ) | 22.76 | ||||
PRSUs | (123,843 | ) | 24.25 | ||||
Non-vested as of September 30, 2018 | 1,755,775 | 22.42 | |||||
Stock Options
The following table summarizes activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, of stock options issued to our employees.
Activity | Weighted Average Exercise Price | ||||||
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 | 165,293 | $ | 20.69 | ||||
Exercised | (23,446 | ) | 6.25 | ||||
Outstanding as of September 30, 2018 | 141,847 | 23.08 | |||||
Exercisable as of September 30, 2018 | 141,847 | 23.08 | |||||
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Note 14. Retirement Benefits
The following table presents the components of net periodic pension cost and amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for our pension plans:
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||
Components of net periodic pension cost: | ||||||||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 0.3 | $ | 0.4 | $ | 1.1 | $ | 1.1 | ||||||||
Interest cost | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (0.5 | ) | (0.5 | ) | (1.6 | ) | (1.6 | ) | ||||||||
Amortization of net actuarial losses(a) | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.4 | ||||||||||||
Amortization of transitional obligation | (0.1 | ) | (0.1 | ) | (0.1 | ) | (0.1 | ) | ||||||||
Net periodic pension cost | $ | 0.4 | $ | 0.4 | $ | 1.3 | $ | 1.2 | ||||||||
(a) | Reflects amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income. |
In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we contributed $1.8 million to our pension plans. In 2018, we expect to contribute approximately $2.5 million to our pension plans.
Note 15. Income Taxes
We are organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and, accordingly, we have not provided for U.S. federal income tax on our REIT taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. We have elected to treat our subsidiaries that participate in certain non-REIT qualifying activities, and our foreign subsidiaries, as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). As such, we have provided for their federal, state and foreign income taxes.
On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act amends the Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits and deductions. The Tax Act reduced the federal tax rate from a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate, as well as added many new provisions including changes to bonus depreciation, the deduction for executive compensation and interest expense. From an international tax perspective, a tax on global intangible low-taxed income and a base erosion anti-abuse tax were added.
Tax years 2014 to present are open for examination by the tax authorities. We are currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service for the 2016 tax year and by New York State for the 2014-2016 tax years. New York City has completed its audit of the 2014 tax year with no changes.
Our effective income tax rate represents a combined annual effective tax rate for federal, state, local and foreign taxes applied to interim operating results.
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, our effective tax rate differed from the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate primarily due to our REIT status, including the dividends paid deduction, the impact of state and local taxes, and the effect of foreign operations.
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Note 16. Earnings Per Share (“EPS”)
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||
Net income available for common stockholders, diluted | $ | 46.8 | $ | 50.7 | $ | 50.7 | $ | 90.3 | ||||||||
Less: Distributions to holders of Class A equity interests of a subsidiary | 0.6 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||
Net income available for common stockholders, basic | $ | 46.2 | $ | 50.0 | $ | 48.7 | $ | 89.6 | ||||||||
Weighted average shares for basic EPS | 139.3 | 138.6 | 139.1 | 138.5 | ||||||||||||
Dilutive potential shares from grants of RSUs, PRSUs and stock options(a) | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | ||||||||||||
Dilutive potential shares upon redemption of shares of Class A equity interests of a subsidiary(b) | 1.9 | 2.0 | — | 0.8 | ||||||||||||
Weighted average shares for diluted EPS | 141.5 | 140.9 | 139.4 | 139.7 | ||||||||||||
(a) | The potential impact of an aggregate 0.4 million granted RSUs, PRSUs and stock options in the three months ended September 30, 2018, 0.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017, 0.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 0.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, were antidilutive. |
(b) | The potential impact of 1.9 million shares of Class A equity interests of Outfront Canada in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was antidilutive. (See Note 9. Equity to the Consolidated Financial Statements.) |
Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Our off-balance sheet commitments primarily consist of operating lease arrangements and guaranteed minimum annual payments. These arrangements result from our normal course of business and represent obligations that are payable over several years.
Contractual Obligations
We have long-term operating leases for office space, billboard sites and equipment, which expire at various dates. Certain leases contain renewal and escalation clauses.
We have agreements with municipalities and transit operators which entitle us to operate advertising displays within their transit systems, including on the interior and exterior of rail and subway cars and buses, as well as on benches, transit shelters, street kiosks, and transit platforms. Under most of these franchise agreements, the franchisor is entitled to receive the greater of a percentage of the relevant revenues, net of agency fees, or a specified guaranteed minimum annual payment.
We also have marketing and multimedia rights agreements with colleges, universities and other educational institutions, which entitle us to operate on-campus advertising displays, as well as manage marketing opportunities, media rights and experiential entertainment at sports events. Under most of these agreements, the school is entitled to receive the greater of a percentage of the relevant revenue, net of agency commissions, or a specified guaranteed minimum annual payment.
On December 8, 2017, we entered into a transit advertising and communications concession agreement with the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (the “MTA”) for subway, commuter rail and buses for a 10-year term, with an additional 5-year extension at our option. Under the agreement, we are obligated to deploy over 50,000 digital displays for advertising and MTA communications across the transit system over a number of years and the MTA is entitled to receive the greater of a percentage of revenues or a guaranteed minimum annual payment. Incremental revenues that exceed an annual base revenue amount will be retained by us for the cost of deploying advertising and communications screens throughout the transit system. Our currently estimated deployment cost is approximately $800 million for the full 15-year term and approximately $600 million for the first eight years of the term, and these deployment costs will be recorded as Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs and Intangible assets on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. We expect to utilize third party financing to
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fund deployment costs, and have increased our letters of credit for the benefit of the MTA from approximately $30.0 million to $136.0 million, which is subject to change as equipment installations are completed and revenues are generated.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, several transit franchise contracts were renewed and/or awarded, resulting in additional guaranteed minimum annual payments. As of September 30, 2018, guaranteed minimum annual payments are as follows:
(in millions) | Guaranteed Minimum Annual Payments | |||
2018 | $ | 60.3 | ||
2019 | 188.4 | |||
2020 | 166.7 | |||
2021 | 161.6 | |||
2022 | 159.6 | |||
2023 and thereafter | 827.3 | |||
Total | $ | 1,563.9 | ||
Letters of Credit
We have indemnification obligations with respect to letters of credit and surety bonds primarily used as security against non-performance in the normal course of business. As of September 30, 2018, the outstanding letters of credit were approximately $194.9 million and outstanding surety bonds were approximately $27.2 million, and were not recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
Legal Matters
On an ongoing basis, we are engaged in lawsuits and governmental proceedings and respond to various investigations, inquiries, notices and claims from national, state and local governmental and other authorities (collectively, “litigation”). Litigation is inherently uncertain and always difficult to predict. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the eventual outcome of any litigation, in our opinion, none of our current litigation is expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Note 18. Segment Information
We manage our operations through three operating segments—(1) U.S. Billboard and Transit, which is included in our U.S. Media reportable segment, (2) International and (3) Sports Marketing. International and Sports Marketing do not meet the criteria to be a reportable segment and accordingly, are both included in Other.
The following tables set forth our financial performance by segment.
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. Media | $ | 379.7 | $ | 363.0 | $ | 1,056.8 | $ | 1,037.2 | ||||||||
Other | 34.5 | 29.4 | 97.0 | 82.0 | ||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 414.2 | $ | 392.4 | $ | 1,153.8 | $ | 1,119.2 | ||||||||
We present Operating income before Depreciation, Amortization, Net gain (loss) on dispositions, Stock-based compensation, Restructuring charges and Impairment charges (“Adjusted OIBDA”) as the primary measure of profit and loss for our operating segments.
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Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 46.8 | $ | 50.7 | $ | 50.7 | $ | 90.3 | ||||||||
(Benefit) provision for income taxes | 1.0 | 2.0 | 2.4 | (0.8 | ) | |||||||||||
Equity in earnings of investee companies, net of tax | (0.7 | ) | (1.4 | ) | (2.7 | ) | (3.8 | ) | ||||||||
Interest expense, net | 32.0 | 29.2 | 93.0 | 85.9 | ||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net | (0.2 | ) | (0.2 | ) | 0.1 | (0.3 | ) | |||||||||
Operating income | 78.9 | 80.3 | 143.5 | 171.3 | ||||||||||||
Restructuring charges | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 6.3 | ||||||||||||
Net gain on dispositions | (1.3 | ) | (14.1 | ) | (4.2 | ) | (13.6 | ) | ||||||||
Impairment charge | — | — | 42.9 | — | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 46.8 | 47.8 | 136.7 | 142.9 | ||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | 4.8 | 5.2 | 15.4 | 16.1 | ||||||||||||
Total Adjusted OIBDA | $ | 129.3 | $ | 120.8 | $ | 335.7 | $ | 323.0 | ||||||||
Adjusted OIBDA: | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. Media | $ | 136.2 | $ | 129.2 | $ | 356.3 | $ | 349.9 | ||||||||
Other | 4.2 | 1.9 | 7.6 | 4.8 | ||||||||||||
Corporate | (11.1 | ) | (10.3 | ) | (28.2 | ) | (31.7 | ) | ||||||||
Total Adjusted OIBDA | $ | 129.3 | $ | 120.8 | $ | 335.7 | $ | 323.0 | ||||||||
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Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||
Operating income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. Media | $ | 96.0 | $ | 100.7 | $ | 240.4 | $ | 232.1 | ||||||||
Other | (1.2 | ) | (4.9 | ) | (53.3 | ) | (13.0 | ) | ||||||||
Corporate | (15.9 | ) | (15.5 | ) | (43.6 | ) | (47.8 | ) | ||||||||
Total operating income | $ | 78.9 | $ | 80.3 | $ | 143.5 | $ | 171.3 | ||||||||
Net gain on dispositions: | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. Media | $ | (1.1 | ) | $ | (14.1 | ) | $ | (4.0 | ) | $ | (13.6 | ) | ||||
Other | (0.2 | ) | — | (0.2 | ) | — | ||||||||||
Total gain on dispositions | $ | (1.3 | ) | $ | (14.1 | ) | $ | (4.2 | ) | $ | (13.6 | ) | ||||
Impairment charge: | ||||||||||||||||
Other | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 42.9 | $ | — | ||||||||
Total impairment charge | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 42.9 | $ | — | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization: | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. Media | $ | 41.2 | $ | 42.2 | $ | 119.3 | $ | 129.1 | ||||||||
Other | 5.6 | 5.6 | 17.4 | 13.8 | ||||||||||||
Total depreciation and amortization | $ | 46.8 | $ | 47.8 | $ | 136.7 | $ | 142.9 | ||||||||
Capital expenditures: | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. Media | $ | 14.0 | $ | 15.1 | $ | 54.0 | $ | 54.6 | ||||||||
Other | 1.7 | 1.3 | 8.1 | 4.0 | ||||||||||||
Total capital expenditures | $ | 15.7 | $ | 16.4 | $ | 62.1 | $ | 58.6 | ||||||||
As of | ||||||||
(in millions) | September 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||
Assets: | ||||||||
U.S. Media | $ | 3,582.0 | $ | 3,528.8 | ||||
Other | 209.4 | 263.8 | ||||||
Corporate | 24.6 | 15.6 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 3,816.0 | $ | 3,808.2 | ||||
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Note 19. Condensed Consolidating Financial Information
We and our material existing and future direct and indirect 100% owned domestic subsidiaries (except Finance LLC and Outfront Media Capital Corporation, the borrowers under the Term Loan and the Revolving Credit Facility) guarantee the obligations under the Term Loan and the Revolving Credit Facility. Our senior unsecured notes are fully and unconditionally, and jointly and severally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by us and each of our direct and indirect wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries that guarantees the Term Loan and the Revolving Credit Facility (see Note 8. Debt to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The following condensed consolidating schedules present financial information on a combined basis in conformity with the SEC’s Regulation S-X, Rule 3-10 for: (i) OUTFRONT Media Inc. (the “Parent Company”); (ii) Finance LLC (the “Subsidiary Issuer”); (iii) the guarantor subsidiaries; (iv) the non-guarantor subsidiaries, including the SPV;
(v) elimination entries necessary to consolidate the Parent Company and the Subsidiary Issuer, the guarantor subsidiaries and non-guarantor subsidiaries; and (vi) the Parent Company on a consolidated basis. Outfront Media Capital Corporation is a co-issuer finance subsidiary with no assets or liabilities, and therefore has not been included in the tables below.
As of September 30, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | Parent Company | Subsidiary Issuer | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — | $ | 19.9 | $ | 7.3 | $ | 29.5 | $ | — | $ | 56.7 | ||||||||||||
Receivables, less allowance | — | — | 50.2 | 231.9 | (21.3 | ) | 260.8 | |||||||||||||||||
Other current assets | — | 1.1 | 174.0 | 87.9 | (150.5 | ) | 112.5 | |||||||||||||||||
Total current assets | — | 21.0 | 231.5 | 349.3 | (171.8 | ) | 430.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Property and equipment, net | — | — | 606.8 | 50.7 | — | 657.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill | — | — | 2,059.9 | 22.7 | — | 2,082.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Intangible assets | — | — | 485.1 | 62.9 | — | 548.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Investment in subsidiaries | 1,081.4 | 3,241.6 | 246.5 | — | (4,569.5 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs | — | — | 33.3 | — | — | 33.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other assets | — | 2.5 | 58.9 | 3.2 | — | 64.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Intercompany | — | — | 123.9 | 144.1 | (268.0 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 1,081.4 | $ | 3,265.1 | $ | 3,845.9 | $ | 632.9 | $ | (5,009.3 | ) | $ | 3,816.0 | |||||||||||
Total current liabilities | $ | — | $ | 25.2 | $ | 354.0 | $ | 191.0 | $ | (171.8 | ) | $ | 398.4 | |||||||||||
Long-term debt, net | — | 2,158.5 | — | — | — | 2,158.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Deferred income tax liabilities, net | — | — | — | 19.8 | — | 19.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Asset retirement obligation | — | — | 29.9 | 4.7 | — | 34.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Deficit in excess of investment of subsidiaries | — | — | 2,160.2 | — | (2,160.2 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities | — | — | 76.3 | 4.7 | — | 81.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Intercompany | — | — | 144.1 | 123.9 | (268.0 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities | — | 2,183.7 | 2,764.5 | 344.1 | (2,600.0 | ) | 2,692.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 1,081.4 | 1,081.4 | 1,081.4 | 246.5 | (2,409.3 | ) | 1,081.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests | — | — | — | 42.3 | — | 42.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total equity | 1,081.4 | 1,081.4 | 1,081.4 | 288.8 | (2,409.3 | ) | 1,123.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 1,081.4 | $ | 3,265.1 | $ | 3,845.9 | $ | 632.9 | $ | (5,009.3 | ) | $ | 3,816.0 | |||||||||||
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As of December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | Parent Company | Subsidiary Issuer | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — | $ | 10.2 | $ | 3.7 | $ | 34.4 | $ | — | $ | 48.3 | ||||||||||||
Receivables, less allowance | — | — | 42.1 | 202.7 | (13.7 | ) | 231.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Other current assets | — | 1.0 | 89.0 | 20.0 | (13.4 | ) | 96.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Total current assets | — | 11.2 | 134.8 | 257.1 | (27.1 | ) | 376.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Property and equipment, net | — | — | 609.1 | 53.0 | — | 662.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill | — | — | 2,059.9 | 68.1 | — | 2,128.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Intangible assets | — | — | 511.5 | 69.4 | — | 580.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Investment in subsidiaries | 1,181.1 | 3,333.6 | 293.4 | — | (4,808.1 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Other assets | — | 3.3 | 55.1 | 2.8 | — | 61.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Intercompany | — | — | 123.9 | 148.3 | (272.2 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 1,181.1 | $ | 3,348.1 | $ | 3,787.7 | $ | 598.7 | $ | (5,107.4 | ) | $ | 3,808.2 | |||||||||||
Total current liabilities | $ | — | $ | 21.7 | $ | 199.4 | $ | 105.6 | $ | (27.1 | ) | $ | 299.6 | |||||||||||
Long-term debt, net | — | 2,145.3 | — | — | — | 2,145.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Deferred income tax liabilities, net | — | — | — | 19.6 | — | 19.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Asset retirement obligation | — | — | 29.7 | 5.0 | — | 34.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
Deficit in excess of investment of subsidiaries | — | — | 2,152.5 | — | (2,152.5 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities | — | — | 76.7 | 5.7 | — | 82.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Intercompany | — | — | 148.3 | 123.9 | (272.2 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities | — | 2,167.0 | 2,606.6 | 259.8 | (2,451.8 | ) | 2,581.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 1,181.1 | 1,181.1 | 1,181.1 | 293.4 | (2,655.6 | ) | 1,181.1 | |||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interests | — | — | — | 45.5 | — | 45.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total equity | 1,181.1 | 1,181.1 | 1,181.1 | 338.9 | (2,655.6 | ) | 1,226.6 | |||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 1,181.1 | $ | 3,348.1 | $ | 3,787.7 | $ | 598.7 | $ | (5,107.4 | ) | $ | 3,808.2 | |||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | Parent Company | Subsidiary Issuer | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Billboard | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 271.1 | $ | 19.5 | $ | — | $ | 290.6 | ||||||||||||
Transit and other | — | — | 120.3 | 3.3 | — | 123.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | — | — | 391.4 | 22.8 | — | 414.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating | — | — | 202.6 | 12.7 | — | 215.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 0.4 | 0.1 | 71.1 | 2.8 | — | 74.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges | — | — | 0.1 | — | — | 0.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net gain on dispositions | — | — | (1.1 | ) | (0.2 | ) | — | (1.3 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Impairment charge | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation | — | — | 18.1 | 2.9 | — | 21.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Amortization | — | — | 23.4 | 2.4 | — | 25.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 0.4 | 0.1 | 314.2 | 20.6 | — | 335.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | (0.4 | ) | (0.1 | ) | 77.2 | 2.2 | — | 78.9 | ||||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net | — | (30.1 | ) | (1.0 | ) | (0.9 | ) | — | (32.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other income, net | — | — | — | 0.2 | — | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before benefit (provision) for income taxes and equity in earnings of investee companies | (0.4 | ) | (30.2 | ) | 76.2 | 1.5 | — | 47.1 | ||||||||||||||||
Benefit (provision) for income taxes | — | — | (1.6 | ) | 0.6 | — | (1.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Equity in earnings of investee companies, net of tax | 47.2 | 77.4 | (27.4 | ) | 0.4 | (96.9 | ) | 0.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 46.8 | $ | 47.2 | $ | 47.2 | $ | 2.5 | $ | (96.9 | ) | $ | 46.8 | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 46.8 | $ | 47.2 | $ | 47.2 | $ | 2.5 | $ | (96.9 | ) | $ | 46.8 | |||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | (5.1 | ) | 1.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | $ | 48.5 | $ | 48.9 | $ | 48.9 | $ | 4.2 | $ | (102.0 | ) | $ | 48.5 | |||||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | Parent Company | Subsidiary Issuer | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Billboard | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 254.6 | $ | 17.8 | $ | — | $ | 272.4 | ||||||||||||
Transit and other | — | — | 116.7 | 3.3 | — | 120.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | — | — | 371.3 | 21.1 | — | 392.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating | — | — | 198.9 | 13.7 | — | 212.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 0.4 | — | 61.1 | 2.7 | — | 64.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges | — | — | 0.7 | 0.9 | — | 1.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net gain on dispositions | — | — | (14.1 | ) | — | — | (14.1 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Depreciation | — | — | 18.9 | 3.4 | — | 22.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Amortization | — | — | 23.6 | 1.9 | — | 25.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 0.4 | — | 289.1 | 22.6 | — | 312.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | (0.4 | ) | — | 82.2 | (1.5 | ) | — | 80.3 | ||||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net | — | (28.7 | ) | (0.1 | ) | (0.4 | ) | — | (29.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other income, net | — | — | — | 0.2 | — | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before benefit (provision) for income taxes and equity in earnings of investee companies | (0.4 | ) | (28.7 | ) | 82.1 | (1.7 | ) | — | 51.3 | |||||||||||||||
Benefit (provision) for income taxes | — | — | (2.8 | ) | 0.8 | — | (2.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Equity in earnings of investee companies, net of tax | 51.1 | 79.8 | (28.2 | ) | 0.2 | (101.5 | ) | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 50.7 | $ | 51.1 | $ | 51.1 | $ | (0.7 | ) | $ | (101.5 | ) | $ | 50.7 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 50.7 | $ | 51.1 | $ | 51.1 | $ | (0.7 | ) | $ | (101.5 | ) | $ | 50.7 | ||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 8.3 | (24.9 | ) | 8.3 | |||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | $ | 59.0 | $ | 59.4 | $ | 59.4 | $ | 7.6 | $ | (126.4 | ) | $ | 59.0 | |||||||||||
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | Parent Company | Subsidiary Issuer | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Billboard | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 759.6 | $ | 50.7 | $ | — | $ | 810.3 | ||||||||||||
Transit and other | — | — | 334.4 | 9.1 | — | 343.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | — | — | 1,094.0 | 59.8 | — | 1,153.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating | — | — | 585.3 | 39.1 | — | 624.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 1.2 | 0.2 | 202.1 | 5.6 | — | 209.1 | ||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges | — | — | 1.4 | — | — | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net gain on dispositions | — | — | (4.0 | ) | (0.2 | ) | — | (4.2 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Impairment charge | — | — | — | 42.9 | — | 42.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation | — | — | 53.6 | 9.8 | — | 63.4 | ||||||||||||||||||
Amortization | — | — | 67.0 | 6.3 | — | 73.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 1.2 | 0.2 | 905.4 | 103.5 | — | 1,010.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | (1.2 | ) | (0.2 | ) | 188.6 | (43.7 | ) | — | 143.5 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net | — | (88.1 | ) | (2.8 | ) | (2.1 | ) | — | (93.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other expense, net | — | — | — | (0.1 | ) | — | (0.1 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before benefit (provision) for income taxes and equity in earnings of investee companies | (1.2 | ) | (88.3 | ) | 185.8 | (45.9 | ) | — | 50.4 | |||||||||||||||
Benefit (provision) for income taxes | — | — | (4.1 | ) | 1.7 | — | (2.4 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Equity in earnings of investee companies, net of tax | 51.9 | 140.2 | (129.8 | ) | 0.8 | (60.4 | ) | 2.7 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 50.7 | $ | 51.9 | $ | 51.9 | $ | (43.4 | ) | $ | (60.4 | ) | $ | 50.7 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 50.7 | $ | 51.9 | $ | 51.9 | $ | (43.4 | ) | $ | (60.4 | ) | $ | 50.7 | ||||||||||
Total other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (9.2 | ) | (9.2 | ) | (9.2 | ) | (9.2 | ) | 27.6 | (9.2 | ) | |||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 41.5 | $ | 42.7 | $ | 42.7 | $ | (52.6 | ) | $ | (32.8 | ) | $ | 41.5 | ||||||||||
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | Parent Company | Subsidiary Issuer | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Billboard | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 738.9 | $ | 43.7 | $ | — | $ | 782.6 | ||||||||||||
Transit and other | — | — | 327.7 | 8.9 | — | 336.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | — | — | 1,066.6 | 52.6 | — | 1,119.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating | — | — | 580.8 | 37.0 | — | 617.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 1.2 | 0.8 | 182.8 | 9.7 | — | 194.5 | ||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges | — | — | 2.5 | 3.8 | — | 6.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net gain on dispositions | — | — | (13.6 | ) | — | — | (13.6 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Depreciation | — | — | 59.1 | 9.2 | — | 68.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Amortization | — | — | 71.3 | 3.3 | — | 74.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 1.2 | 0.8 | 882.9 | 63.0 | — | 947.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | (1.2 | ) | (0.8 | ) | 183.7 | (10.4 | ) | — | 171.3 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net | — | (85.2 | ) | (0.4 | ) | (0.3 | ) | — | (85.9 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Other income, net | — | — | — | 0.3 | — | 0.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before benefit for income taxes and equity in earnings of investee companies | (1.2 | ) | (86.0 | ) | 183.3 | (10.4 | ) | — | 85.7 | |||||||||||||||
Benefit (provision) for income taxes | — | — | (2.8 | ) | 3.6 | — | 0.8 | |||||||||||||||||
Equity in earnings of investee companies, net of tax | 91.5 | 177.5 | (89.0 | ) | 0.6 | (176.8 | ) | 3.8 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 90.3 | $ | 91.5 | $ | 91.5 | $ | (6.2 | ) | $ | (176.8 | ) | $ | 90.3 | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 90.3 | $ | 91.5 | $ | 91.5 | $ | (6.2 | ) | $ | (176.8 | ) | $ | 90.3 | ||||||||||
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | 13.7 | (41.1 | ) | 13.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | $ | 104.0 | $ | 105.2 | $ | 105.2 | $ | 7.5 | $ | (217.9 | ) | $ | 104.0 | |||||||||||
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | Parent Company | Subsidiary Issuer | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Net cash flow provided by (used for) operating activities | $ | (1.2 | ) | $ | (74.5 | ) | $ | 216.2 | $ | (3.1 | ) | $ | — | $ | 137.4 | |||||||||
Investing activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures | — | — | (52.5 | ) | (9.6 | ) | — | (62.1 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Acquisitions | — | — | (5.6 | ) | — | — | (5.6 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
MTA franchise rights | — | — | (9.4 | ) | — | — | (9.4 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net proceeds from dispositions | — | — | 5.7 | 0.3 | — | 6.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net cash flow used for investing activities | — | — | (61.8 | ) | (9.3 | ) | — | (71.1 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Financing activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from long-term debt borrowings | — | 89.0 | — | — | — | 89.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Repayments of long-term debt borrowings | — | (79.0 | ) | — | — | — | (79.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from borrowings under short-term debt facilities | — | — | 75.0 | 125.0 | — | 200.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Repayments of borrowings under short-term debt facilities | — | — | — | (105.0 | ) | — | (105.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Payments of deferred financing costs | — | (0.1 | ) | — | (0.1 | ) | — | (0.2 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Taxes withheld for stock-based compensation | — | — | (8.2 | ) | — | — | (8.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Dividends | (150.9 | ) | — | — | (2.0 | ) | — | (152.9 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Intercompany | 152.1 | 74.3 | (216.2 | ) | (10.2 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
Net cash flow provided by (used for) financing activities | 1.2 | 84.2 | (149.4 | ) | 7.7 | — | (56.3 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | — | — | — | (0.2 | ) | — | (0.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | — | 9.7 | 5.0 | (4.9 | ) | — | 9.8 | |||||||||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | — | 10.2 | 3.7 | 34.4 | — | 48.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | — | $ | 19.9 | $ | 8.7 | $ | 29.5 | $ | — | $ | 58.1 | ||||||||||||
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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | Parent Company | Subsidiary Issuer | Guarantor Subsidiaries | Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries | Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||||
Net cash flow provided by (used for) operating activities | $ | (1.2 | ) | $ | (73.0 | ) | $ | 229.1 | $ | 27.7 | $ | — | $ | 182.6 | ||||||||||
Investing activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures | — | — | (53.7 | ) | (4.9 | ) | — | (58.6 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Acquisitions | — | — | (11.2 | ) | (51.6 | ) | — | (62.8 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Net proceeds from dispositions | — | — | 1.6 | — | — | 1.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net cash flow used for investing activities | — | — | (63.3 | ) | (56.5 | ) | — | (119.8 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Financing activities: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from long-term debt borrowings | — | 8.3 | — | — | — | 8.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Proceeds from borrowings under short-term debt facilities | — | 90.0 | — | 133.0 | — | 223.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
Repayments of borrowings under short-term debt facilities | — | (90.0 | ) | — | (60.0 | ) | — | (150.0 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Payments of deferred financing costs | — | (7.5 | ) | — | (0.2 | ) | — | (7.7 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Proceeds from stock option exercises | 1.2 | — | — | — | — | 1.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Earnout payment related to prior acquisition | — | — | (2.0 | ) | — | — | (2.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Taxes withheld for stock-based compensation | — | — | (8.2 | ) | — | — | (8.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Dividends | (150.3 | ) | — | (0.7 | ) | — | — | (151.0 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Intercompany | 150.3 | 65.4 | (187.6 | ) | (28.1 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | (0.2 | ) | — | — | (0.2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Net cash flow provided by (used for) financing activities | 1.2 | 66.2 | (198.7 | ) | 44.7 | — | (86.6 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | — | — | — | 0.6 | — | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | — | (6.8 | ) | (32.9 | ) | 16.5 | — | (23.2 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | — | 11.4 | 35.8 | 18.0 | — | 65.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | — | $ | 4.6 | $ | 2.9 | $ | 34.5 | $ | — | $ | 42.0 | ||||||||||||
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with our historical consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 28, 2018, and the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This MD&A contains forward-looking statements that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are subject to a number of important factors, including, but not limited to, those factors discussed in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2018, and the section entitled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results described herein or implied by such forward-looking statements. Except as otherwise indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to (i) “OUTFRONT Media,” “the Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and “our company” mean OUTFRONT Media Inc., a Maryland corporation, and unless the context requires otherwise, its consolidated subsidiaries, and (ii) the “25 largest markets in the U.S.,” “approximately 140 markets in the U.S. and Canada” and “Nielsen Designated Market Areas” are based, in whole or in part, on Nielsen Media Research’s Designated Market Area rankings as of January 1, 2018.
Overview
OUTFRONT Media is a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), which provides advertising space (“displays”) on out-of-home advertising structures and sites in the United States (the “U.S.”) and Canada. We manage our operations through three operating segments—(1) U.S. Billboard and Transit, which is included in our U.S. Media reportable segment, (2) International and (3) Sports Marketing. International and Sports Marketing do not meet the criteria to be a reportable segment and accordingly, are both included in Other (see Note 18. Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Business
We are one of the largest providers of advertising space on out-of-home advertising structures and sites across the U.S. and Canada. Our inventory consists of billboard displays, which are primarily located on the most heavily traveled highways and roadways in top Nielsen Designated Market Areas (“DMAs”), and transit advertising displays operated under exclusive multi-year contracts with municipalities in large cities across the U.S. and Canada. We also have marketing and multimedia rights agreements with colleges, universities and other educational institutions, which entitle us to operate on-campus advertising displays, as well as manage marketing opportunities, media rights and experiential entertainment at sports events. In total, we have displays in all of the 25 largest markets in the U.S. and approximately 140 markets in the U.S. and Canada. Our top market, high profile location focused portfolio includes sites such as the Bay Bridge in San Francisco, various locations along Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles, and sites in and around both Grand Central Station and Times Square in New York. The breadth and depth of our portfolio provides our customers with a range of options to address their marketing objectives, from national, brand-building campaigns to hyper-local campaigns that drive customers to the advertiser’s website or retail location “one mile down the road.”
Using Geopath, the out-of-home advertising industry’s audience measurement system, we provide advertisers with the size and demographic composition of the audience that is exposed to individual displays or a complete campaign. As part of our ON Smart Media platform, we are developing hardware and software solutions for enhanced demographic and location targeting, and engaging ways to connect with consumers on-the-go. Additionally, our OUTFRONT Mobile Network allows our customers to further leverage location targeting with interactive mobile advertising that uses geofence technology to push mobile ads to consumers within a pre-defined radius around a corresponding billboard display or other designated advertising location.
We believe out-of-home advertising continues to be an attractive form of advertising, as our displays are ALWAYS ON™, are always viewable and cannot be turned off, skipped, blocked or fast-forwarded. Further, out-of-home advertising can be an effective “stand-alone” medium, as well as an integral part of a campaign to reach audiences using multiple forms of media, including television, radio, print, online, mobile and social media advertising platforms. We provide our customers with a differentiated advertising solution at an attractive price point relative to other forms of advertising. In addition to leasing displays, we provide other value-added services to our customers, such as pre-campaign category research, consumer insights, creative design support, print production and post-campaign tracking and analytics, as well as use of a real-time mobile operations reporting system that facilitates proof of performance to customers for substantially all of our business.
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U.S. Media. Our U.S. Media segment generated 22% of its revenues in the New York City metropolitan area in the three months ended September 30, 2018, 23% in the three months ended September 30, 2017, 22% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 23% in the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and generated 17% in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 16% in the three months ended September 30, 2017, and 16% in each of the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. In the three months ended September 30, 2018, our U.S. Media segment generated $379.7 million of Revenues and $136.2 million of Operating income before Depreciation, Amortization, Net (gain) loss on dispositions, Stock-based compensation, Restructuring charges and Impairment charges (“Adjusted OIBDA”). In the three months ended September 30, 2017, our U.S. Media segment generated $363.0 million of Revenues and $129.2 million of Adjusted OIBDA. In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our U.S. Media segment generated $1,056.8 million of Revenues and $356.3 million of Adjusted OIBDA. In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, our U.S. Media segment generated $1,037.2 million of Revenues and $349.9 million of Adjusted OIBDA. (See the “Segment Results of Operations” section of this MD&A.)
Other (includes International and Sports Marketing). In the three months ended September 30, 2018, Other generated $34.5 million of Revenues and $4.2 million of Adjusted OIBDA. In the three months ended September 30, 2017, Other generated $29.4 million of Revenues and $1.9 million of Adjusted OIBDA. In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, Other generated $97.0 million of Revenues and $7.6 million of Adjusted OIBDA. In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, Other generated $82.0 million of Revenues and $4.8 million of Adjusted OIBDA.
Economic Environment
Our revenues and operating results are sensitive to fluctuations in advertising expenditures, general economic conditions and other external events beyond our control.
Business Environment
The outdoor advertising industry is fragmented, consisting of several companies operating on a national basis, as well as hundreds of smaller regional and local companies operating a limited number of displays in a single or a few local geographic markets. We compete with these companies for both customers and structure and display locations. We also compete with other media, including online, mobile and social media advertising platforms (such as Facebook, Alphabet and Amazon) and traditional advertising platforms (such as television, radio, print and direct mail marketers). In addition, we compete with a wide variety of out-of-home media, including advertising in shopping centers, airports, movie theaters, supermarkets and taxis.
Increasing the number of digital displays in our most heavily trafficked locations is an important element of our organic growth strategy, as digital displays have the potential to attract additional business from both new and existing customers. We believe digital displays are attractive to our customers because they allow for the development of richer and more visually engaging messages, provide our customers with the flexibility both to target audiences by time of day and to quickly launch new advertising campaigns, and eliminate or greatly reduce print production costs. In addition, digital displays enable us to run multiple advertisements on each display. Digital billboard displays generate approximately four times more revenue per display on average than traditional static billboard displays. Digital billboard displays also incur, on average, approximately two to four times more costs, including higher variable costs associated with the increase in revenue than traditional static billboard displays. As a result, digital billboard displays generate higher profits and cash flows than traditional static billboard displays. The majority of our digital billboard displays were converted from traditional static billboard displays.
In 2017, we commenced deployment of state-of-the-art digital transit displays in connection with several transit franchises and are planning to increase deployments significantly over the coming years. Once the digital transit displays have been deployed at scale, we expect that revenue generated on digital transit displays will be a multiple of the revenue generated on comparable static transit displays. We intend to incur significant equipment deployment costs and capital expenditures in the coming years to continue increasing the number of digital displays in our portfolio.
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We have built or converted 41 new digital billboard displays in the United States and 27 in Canada during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Additionally, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we installed 54 small-format digital displays and entered into marketing arrangements to sell advertising on 20 third-party digital billboard displays in the U.S. and one third-party digital billboard display in Canada. In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we have built, converted or replaced 696 digital transit and other displays in the United States. The following table sets forth information regarding our digital displays.
Digital Revenues (in millions) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018(a) | Number of Digital Displays as of September 30, 2018(a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Location | Digital Billboard | Digital Transit and Other | Total Digital Revenues | Digital Billboard Displays | Digital Transit and Other Displays | Total Digital Displays | Percentage of Total Digital Displays | |||||||||||||||||
United States | $ | 135.5 | $ | 39.8 | $ | 175.3 | 937 | 1,868 | 2,805 | 92 | % | |||||||||||||
Canada | 17.1 | 0.1 | 17.2 | 182 | 58 | 240 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 152.6 | $ | 39.9 | $ | 192.5 | 1,119 | 1,926 | 3,045 | 100 | % | |||||||||||||
(a) | Digital revenue and digital display amounts (1) include displays reserved for transit agency use and (2) exclude: (i) all revenues and displays under our multimedia rights agreements with colleges, universities and other educational institutions; and (ii) 1,649 MetroCard vending machine digital screens. Our number of digital displays is impacted by acquisitions, dispositions, management agreements, the net effect of new and lost billboards, and the net effect of won and lost franchises in the period. |
Our revenues and profits may fluctuate due to seasonal advertising patterns and influences on advertising markets. Typically, our revenues and profits are highest in the fourth quarter, during the holiday shopping season, and lowest in the first quarter, as advertisers cut back on spending following the holiday shopping season.
We have a diversified base of customers across various industries. During the three months ended September 30, 2018, our largest categories of advertisers were television, retail and computers/internet, each of which represented approximately 8% of our total U.S. Media segment revenues, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, our largest categories of advertisers were television, retail and healthcare/pharmaceuticals, which represented approximately 9%, 8% and 7% of our total U.S. Media segment revenues, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our largest categories of advertisers were retail, computers/internet and television, each of which represented approximately 8% of our total U.S. Media segment revenues, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, our largest categories of advertisers were retail, television and healthcare/pharmaceuticals, each of which represented approximately 8% of our total U.S. Media segment revenues, respectively.
Our large-scale portfolio allows our customers to reach a national audience and also provides the flexibility to tailor campaigns to specific regions or markets. In the three months ended September 30, 2018 we generated approximately 46% of our U.S. Media segment revenues from national advertising campaigns compared to approximately 48% in the same prior-year period. In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we generated approximately 43% of our U.S. Media segment revenues from national advertising campaigns compared to approximately 45% in the same prior-year period.
Our transit business requires us to obtain and renew contracts with municipalities and other governmental entities. When these contracts expire, we generally must participate in highly competitive bidding processes in order to obtain or renew contracts.
Key Performance Indicators
Our management reviews our performance by focusing on the indicators described below.
Several of our key performance indicators are not prepared in conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). We believe these non-GAAP performance indicators are meaningful supplemental measures of our operating performance and should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
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Three Months Ended September 30, | % | Nine Months Ended September 30, | % | |||||||||||||||||||
(in millions, except percentages) | 2018 | 2017 | Change | 2018 | 2017 | Change | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 414.2 | $ | 392.4 | 6 | % | $ | 1,153.8 | $ | 1,119.2 | 3 | % | ||||||||||
Organic revenues(a)(b) | 412.4 | 391.6 | 5 | 1,139.8 | 1,115.8 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
Operating income | 78.9 | 80.3 | (2 | ) | 143.5 | 171.3 | (16 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Adjusted OIBDA(b) | 129.3 | 120.8 | 7 | 335.7 | 323.0 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
Adjusted OIBDA(b) margin | 31 | % | 31 | % | 29 | % | 29 | % | ||||||||||||||
Funds from operations (“FFO”)(b) | 85.2 | 78.2 | 9 | 204.6 | 201.8 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
Adjusted FFO (“AFFO”)(b) | 86.4 | 78.2 | 10 | 201.7 | 194.8 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income | 46.8 | 50.7 | (8 | ) | 50.7 | 90.3 | (44 | ) | ||||||||||||||
(a) | Organic revenues exclude revenues associated with a significant acquisition, the impact of a new accounting standard (See Note 2. New Accounting Standards to the Consolidated Financial Statements) and the impact of foreign currency exchange rates (“non-organic revenues”). We provide organic revenues to understand the underlying growth rate of revenue excluding the impact of non-organic revenue items. Our management believes organic revenues are useful to users of our financial data because it enables them to better understand the level of growth of our business period to period. Since organic revenues are not calculated in accordance with GAAP, it should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, revenues as an indicator of operating performance. Organic revenues, as we calculate it, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies. |
(b) | See the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” and “Revenues” sections of this MD&A for reconciliations of Operating income to Adjusted OIBDA, Net income to FFO and AFFO and Revenues to organic revenues. |
Adjusted OIBDA
We calculate Adjusted OIBDA as operating income (loss) before depreciation, amortization, net (gain) loss on dispositions, stock-based compensation, restructuring charges and impairment charges. We calculate Adjusted OIBDA margin by dividing Adjusted OIBDA by total revenues. Adjusted OIBDA and Adjusted OIBDA margin are among the primary measures we use for managing our business, evaluating our operating performance and planning and forecasting future periods, as each is an important indicator of our operational strength and business performance. Our management believes users of our financial data are best served if the information that is made available to them allows them to align their analysis and evaluation of our operating results along the same lines that our management uses in managing, planning and executing our business strategy. Our management also believes that the presentations of Adjusted OIBDA and Adjusted OIBDA margin, as supplemental measures, are useful in evaluating our business because eliminating certain non-comparable items highlight operational trends in our business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on GAAP financial measures. It is management’s opinion that these supplemental measures provide users of our financial data with an important perspective on our operating performance and also make it easier for users of our financial data to compare our results with other companies that have different financing and capital structures or tax rates.
FFO and AFFO
We calculate FFO in accordance with the definition established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”). FFO reflects net income (loss) adjusted to exclude gains and losses from the sale of real estate assets, impairment charges, depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, amortization of direct lease acquisition costs and the same adjustments for our equity-based investments, as well as the related income tax effect of adjustments, as applicable. We calculate AFFO as FFO adjusted to include cash paid for direct lease acquisition costs as such costs are generally amortized over a period ranging from four weeks to one year and therefore are incurred on a regular basis. AFFO also includes cash paid for maintenance capital expenditures since these are routine uses of cash that are necessary for our operations. In addition, AFFO excludes costs related to restructuring charges, as well as certain non-cash items, including non-real estate depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, accretion expense, the non-cash effect of straight-line rent and amortization of deferred financing costs, and the non-cash portion of income taxes, as well as the related income tax effect of adjustments, as applicable. We use FFO and AFFO measures for managing our business and for planning and forecasting future periods, and each is an important indicator of our operational strength and business performance, especially compared to other REITs. Our management believes users of our financial data are best served if the information that is made available to them allows them to align their analysis and evaluation of our operating results along the same lines that our management uses in managing, planning and executing our business strategy. Our management also believes that the presentations of FFO, AFFO, and related per weighted average share amounts, as supplemental measures, are useful in evaluating our business because adjusting results to reflect items that have more bearing on the operating performance of REITs highlight trends in our business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on GAAP financial measures. It is management’s opinion that these
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supplemental measures provide users of our financial data with an important perspective on our operating performance and also make it easier to compare our results to other companies in our industry, as well as to REITs.
Since Adjusted OIBDA, Adjusted OIBDA margin, FFO and AFFO and, as applicable, related per weighted average share amounts, are not measures calculated in accordance with GAAP, they should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, operating income (loss), net income (loss), revenues and net income (loss) per common share for diluted earnings per share, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, as indicators of operating performance. These measures, as we calculate them, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures employed by other companies. In addition, these measures do not necessarily represent funds available for discretionary use and are not necessarily a measure of our ability to fund our cash needs.
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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following table reconciles Operating income to Adjusted OIBDA, and Net income to FFO and AFFO.
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||
(in millions, except per share amounts) | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 414.2 | $ | 392.4 | $ | 1,153.8 | $ | 1,119.2 | ||||||||
Operating income | $ | 78.9 | $ | 80.3 | $ | 143.5 | $ | 171.3 | ||||||||
Restructuring charges | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 6.3 | ||||||||||||
Net gain on dispositions | (1.3 | ) | (14.1 | ) | (4.2 | ) | (13.6 | ) | ||||||||
Impairment charge | — | — | 42.9 | — | ||||||||||||
Depreciation | 21.0 | 22.3 | 63.4 | 68.3 | ||||||||||||
Amortization | 25.8 | 25.5 | 73.3 | 74.6 | ||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | 4.8 | 5.2 | 15.4 | 16.1 | ||||||||||||
Adjusted OIBDA | $ | 129.3 | $ | 120.8 | $ | 335.7 | $ | 323.0 | ||||||||
Adjusted OIBDA margin | 31 | % | 31 | % | 29 | % | 29 | % | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 46.8 | $ | 50.7 | $ | 50.7 | $ | 90.3 | ||||||||
Depreciation of billboard advertising structures | 16.9 | 19.1 | 51.0 | 59.1 | ||||||||||||
Amortization of real estate-related intangible assets | 10.6 | 11.7 | 31.8 | 36.1 | ||||||||||||
Amortization of direct lease acquisition costs | 11.9 | 10.6 | 31.7 | 29.5 | ||||||||||||
Net gain on disposition of real estate assets | (1.3 | ) | (14.1 | ) | (4.2 | ) | (13.6 | ) | ||||||||
Impairment charge | — | — | 42.9 | — | ||||||||||||
Adjustment related to equity-based investments | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | ||||||||||||
Income tax effect of adjustments(a) | 0.2 | — | 0.5 | — | ||||||||||||
FFO | $ | 85.2 | $ | 78.2 | $ | 204.6 | $ | 201.8 | ||||||||
FFO per weighted average shares outstanding, diluted | $ | 0.60 | $ | 0.56 | $ | 1.47 | $ | 1.44 | ||||||||
FFO | $ | 85.2 | $ | 78.2 | $ | 204.6 | $ | 201.8 | ||||||||
Non-cash portion of income taxes | (0.3 | ) | (1.3 | ) | (4.8 | ) | (7.4 | ) | ||||||||
Cash paid for direct lease acquisition costs | (9.7 | ) | (9.7 | ) | (30.2 | ) | (30.0 | ) | ||||||||
Maintenance capital expenditures | (3.5 | ) | (4.8 | ) | (13.6 | ) | (17.4 | ) | ||||||||
Restructuring charges | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 6.3 | ||||||||||||
Other depreciation | 4.1 | 3.2 | 12.4 | 9.2 | ||||||||||||
Other amortization | 3.3 | 3.2 | 9.8 | 9.0 | ||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | 4.8 | 5.2 | 15.4 | 16.1 | ||||||||||||
Non-cash effect of straight-line rent | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.9 | ||||||||||||
Accretion expense | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 1.8 | ||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs | 1.4 | 1.4 | 4.2 | 4.6 | ||||||||||||
Income tax effect of adjustments(b) | — | (0.3 | ) | (0.2 | ) | (1.1 | ) | |||||||||
AFFO | $ | 86.4 | $ | 78.2 | $ | 201.7 | $ | 194.8 | ||||||||
AFFO per weighted average shares outstanding, diluted | $ | 0.61 | $ | 0.56 | $ | 1.45 | $ | 1.39 | ||||||||
Net income per common share, diluted | $ | 0.33 | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.35 | $ | 0.65 | ||||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted | 141.5 | 140.9 | 139.4 | 139.7 | ||||||||||||
(a) | Income tax effect related to Net gain on disposition of real estate assets. |
(b) | Income tax effect related to Restructuring charges. |
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FFO in the three months ended September 30, 2018, of $85.2 million increased $7.0 million, or 9%, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to higher net income, as adjusted for non-cash items. AFFO in the three months ended September 30, 2018, of $86.4 million increased $8.2 million, or 10%, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to net income, as adjusted for non-cash items, and lower maintenance capital expenditures, partially offset by lower restructuring charges. FFO in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, of $204.6 million increased $2.8 million, or 1%, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to higher net income, as adjusted for non-cash items. AFFO in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, of $201.7 million increased $6.9 million, or 4%, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to higher net income, as adjusted for non-cash items and lower maintenance capital expenditures, partially offset by lower restructuring charges.
Analysis of Results of Operations
Revenues
We derive Revenues primarily from providing advertising space to customers on our advertising structures and sites. Our contracts with customers generally cover periods ranging from four weeks to one year. Revenues from billboard displays are recognized as rental income on a straight-line basis over the contract term. Transit and other revenues are recognized over the contract period. (See Note 10. Revenues to the Consolidated Financial Statements.)
Three Months Ended September 30, | % | Nine Months Ended September 30, | % | |||||||||||||||||||
(in millions, except percentages) | 2018 | 2017 | Change | 2018 | 2017 | Change | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Billboard | $ | 290.6 | $ | 272.4 | 7 | % | $ | 810.3 | $ | 782.6 | 4 | % | ||||||||||
Transit and other | 123.6 | 120.0 | 3 | 343.5 | 336.6 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 414.2 | 392.4 | 6 | 1,153.8 | 1,119.2 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||
Organic revenues(a): | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Billboard | $ | 290.6 | $ | 271.7 | 7 | $ | 801.9 | $ | 779.1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
Transit and other | 121.8 | 119.9 | 2 | 337.9 | 336.7 | — | ||||||||||||||||
Total organic revenues(a) | 412.4 | 391.6 | 5 | 1,139.8 | 1,115.8 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
Non-organic revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Billboard | — | 0.7 | * | 8.4 | 3.5 | 140 | ||||||||||||||||
Transit and other | 1.8 | 0.1 | * | 5.6 | (0.1 | ) | * | |||||||||||||||
Total non-organic revenues | 1.8 | 0.8 | 125 | 14.0 | 3.4 | * | ||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 414.2 | $ | 392.4 | 6 | $ | 1,153.8 | $ | 1,119.2 | 3 | ||||||||||||
• | Calculation is not meaningful. |
(a) | Organic revenues exclude revenues associated with a significant acquisition, the impact of a new accounting standard (See Note 2. New Accounting Standards to the Consolidated Financial Statements) and the impact of foreign currency exchange rates (“non-organic revenues”). |
Total revenues increased by $21.8 million, or 6%, and organic revenues increased $20.8 million, or 5%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period. Total revenues increased by $34.6 million, or 3%, and organic revenues increased $24.0 million, or 2%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period.
In the three months ended September 30, 2018, non-organic revenues reflect the impact of a new accounting standard (see Note 2. New Accounting Standards to the Consolidated Financial Statements). In the three months ended September 30, 2017, non-organic revenues reflect the impact of foreign currency exchange rates. In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, non-organic revenues reflect an acquisition and the impact of a new accounting standard (see Note 2. New Accounting Standards to the Consolidated Financial Statements). In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, non-organic revenues reflect an acquisition and the impact of foreign currency exchange rates.
Total billboard revenues increased $18.2 million, or 7%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, principally driven by an increase in average revenue per display (yield), the conversion of traditional static billboard displays to digital billboard displays and the impact in 2017 of hurricanes in the Florida and Texas markets, partially
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offset by lower proceeds from condemnations. Total billboard revenues increased $27.7 million, or 4%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, principally driven by the conversion of traditional static billboard displays to digital billboard displays, an increase in average revenue per display (yield) and the impact of the Transaction, partially offset by lower proceeds from condemnations.
Organic billboard revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2018, increased $18.9 million, or 7%, compared to the same prior-year period, due to an increase in average revenue per display (yield) and the conversion of traditional static billboard displays to digital billboard displays, as discussed above, partially offset by lower proceeds from condemnations. Organic billboard revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, increased $22.8 million, or 3%, compared to the same prior-year period, due to the conversion of traditional static billboard displays to digital billboard displays and an increase in average revenue per display (yield), as discussed above, partially offset by lower proceeds from condemnations.
Total transit and other revenues increased $3.6 million, or 3%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, driven by growth in digital displays and the impact of a new accounting standard on our Sports Marketing operating segment, partially offset by a decline of advertising revenues from national accounts. Total transit and other revenues increased $6.9 million, or 2%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, driven by growth in digital displays and the impact of a new accounting standard on our Sports Marketing operating segment, partially offset by a decline of advertising revenues from national accounts.
The increase in organic transit and other revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, is due to growth in digital displays, partially offset by a decline of advertising revenues from national accounts. The increase in organic transit and other revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, is due to growth in digital displays, partially offset by a decline of advertising revenues from national accounts.
Expenses
Three Months Ended September 30, | % | Nine Months Ended September 30, | % | |||||||||||||||||||
(in millions, except percentages) | 2018 | 2017 | Change | 2018 | 2017 | Change | ||||||||||||||||
Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating | $ | 215.3 | $ | 212.6 | 1 | % | $ | 624.4 | $ | 617.8 | 1 | % | ||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 74.4 | 64.2 | 16 | 209.1 | 194.5 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges | 0.1 | 1.6 | (94 | ) | 1.4 | 6.3 | (78 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net (gain) loss on dispositions | (1.3 | ) | (14.1 | ) | (91 | ) | (4.2 | ) | (13.6 | ) | (69 | ) | ||||||||||
Impairment charge | — | — | * | 42.9 | — | * | ||||||||||||||||
Depreciation | 21.0 | 22.3 | (6 | ) | 63.4 | 68.3 | (7 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Amortization | 25.8 | 25.5 | 1 | 73.3 | 74.6 | (2 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total expenses | $ | 335.3 | $ | 312.1 | 7 | $ | 1,010.3 | $ | 947.9 | 7 | ||||||||||||
* | Calculation is not meaningful. |
Operating Expenses
Three Months Ended September 30, | % | Nine Months Ended September 30, | % | |||||||||||||||||||
(in millions, except percentages) | 2018 | 2017 | Change | 2018 | 2017 | Change | ||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Billboard property lease | $ | 96.1 | $ | 93.8 | 2 | % | $ | 284.1 | $ | 275.2 | 3 | % | ||||||||||
Transit franchise | 57.8 | 62.3 | (7 | ) | 164.3 | 175.5 | (6 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Posting, maintenance and other | 61.4 | 56.5 | 9 | 176.0 | 167.1 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | $ | 215.3 | $ | 212.6 | 1 | $ | 624.4 | $ | 617.8 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Billboard property lease expenses represented 33% of billboard revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 34% in the same prior-year period. Billboard property lease expenses represented 35% of billboard revenues in each of the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
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Transit franchise expenses represented 57% of transit display revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 62% in the same prior-year period. The decrease in transit franchise expenses in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, was primarily due to the terms of the new New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (“MTA”) transit franchise agreement. Transit franchise expenses represented 59% of transit display revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 63% in the same prior-year period. The decrease in transit franchise expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, was primarily due to the terms of the new MTA transit franchise agreement.
Billboard property lease and transit franchise expenses decreased by $2.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period. Billboard property lease and transit franchise expenses decreased by $2.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period.
Posting, maintenance and other expenses increased $4.9 million, or 9%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to the impact of a new accounting standard on our Sports Marketing operating segment (see Note 2. New Accounting Standards to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Posting, maintenance and other expenses increased $8.9 million, or 5%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to the impact of a new accounting standard on our Sports Marketing operating segment (see Note 2. New Accounting Standards to the Consolidated Financial Statements).
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses (“SG&A”)
SG&A expenses represented 18% of Revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2018, and 16% in the three months ended September 30, 2017. SG&A expenses increased $10.2 million, or 16%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to higher compensation and other employee-related costs, higher professional fees and higher strategic business development costs. SG&A expenses represented 18% of Revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 17% in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. SG&A expenses increased $14.6 million, 8%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to higher compensation and other employee-related costs and higher strategic business development costs, partially offset by lower bad debt expense.
Net Gain on Dispositions
Net gain on dispositions was $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $14.1 million for the same prior-year period. Net gain on dispositions was $4.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $13.6 million for the same prior-year period. We recorded a net gain on disposition of $2.7 million in the second quarter of 2018, related to the sale of an office building in the Los Angeles, California, market. Net gain on dispositions in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, includes a non-cash gain of $13.2 million from the acquisition of digital billboards in the Boston, Massachusetts, DMA in exchange for static billboards in four non-metropolitan market clusters.
Impairment Charge
As a result of the impairment analysis performed during the second quarter of 2018, we determined that the carrying value of our Canadian reporting unit exceeded its fair value and we recorded an impairment charge of $42.9 million in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Depreciation
Depreciation decreased $1.3 million, or 6%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to the increase in fully-depreciated advertising billboards, partially offset by higher depreciation as a result of an increased number of digital billboards. Depreciation decreased $4.9 million, or 7%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to the increase in fully-depreciated advertising billboards, partially offset by higher depreciation as a result of an increased number of digital billboards.
Amortization
Amortization increased $0.3 million, or 1%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, principally driven by higher direct lease acquisition costs, partially offset by lower amortization of intangible assets.
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Amortization of direct lease acquisition costs was $11.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and $10.6 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017. Capitalized direct lease acquisition costs were $11.9 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018 and $10.2 million in the three months ended September 30, 2017. Amortization decreased $1.3 million, or 2%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, principally driven by lower amortization of intangible assets, partially offset by higher direct lease acquisition costs. Amortization of direct lease acquisition costs was $31.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $29.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Capitalized direct lease acquisition costs were $31.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $29.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net, was $32.0 million (including $1.4 million of deferred financing costs) in the three months ended September 30, 2018, and $29.2 million (including $1.4 million of deferred financing costs) in the same prior-year period. The increase in Interest expense, net, was primarily due to higher interest rates, a higher outstanding average debt balance and letter of credit facility fees associated with the new MTA transit franchise agreement in 2018. Interest expense, net, was $93.0 million (including $4.2 million of deferred financing costs) in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and $85.9 million (including $4.6 million of deferred financing costs) in the same prior-year period. The increase in Interest expense, net, was primarily due to higher interest rates, a higher outstanding average debt balance and letter of credit facility fees associated with the new MTA transit franchise agreement in 2018. (See the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of this MD&A.)
Benefit (Provision) for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes was $1.0 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $2.0 million in the same prior-year period. The provision for income taxes was $2.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to a benefit for income taxes of $0.8 million in the same prior-year period. The increase in provision for income taxes in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was primarily due to a lower deferred tax benefit related to book tax depreciation differences, as well as taxes on built-in gains on properties sold in 2018 by our qualified REIT subsidiaries.
Net Income
Net income was $46.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018, a decrease of $3.9 million compared to the same prior-year period. Net income was $50.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, a decrease of $39.6 million compared to the same prior-year period, due primarily to a impairment charge of $42.9 million recorded in the second quarter of 2018 related to our Canadian reporting unit (see the “Critical Accounting Policies” section of this MD&A).
Segment Results of Operations
We present Adjusted OIBDA as the primary measure of profit and loss for our reportable segments. (See the “Key Performance Indicators” section of this MD&A and Note 18. Segment Information to the Consolidated Financial Statements.)
We manage our operations through three operating segments—(1) U.S. Billboard and Transit, which is included in our U.S. Media reportable segment, (2) International and (3) Sports Marketing. International and Sports Marketing do not meet the criteria to be a reportable segment and accordingly, are both included in Other. Our segment reporting therefore includes U.S. Media and Other.
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The following table presents our Revenues, Adjusted OIBDA and Operating income (loss) by segment in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
September 30, | September 30, | |||||||||||||||
(in millions) | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. Media | $ | 379.7 | $ | 363.0 | $ | 1,056.8 | $ | 1,037.2 | ||||||||
Other | 34.5 | 29.4 | 97.0 | 82.0 | ||||||||||||
Total revenues | 414.2 | 392.4 | 1,153.8 | 1,119.2 | ||||||||||||
Operating income | $ | 78.9 | $ | 80.3 | $ | 143.5 | $ | 171.3 | ||||||||
Restructuring charges | 0.1 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 6.3 | ||||||||||||
Net gain on dispositions | (1.3 | ) | (14.1 | ) | (4.2 | ) | (13.6 | ) | ||||||||
Impairment charge | — | — | 42.9 | — | ||||||||||||
Depreciation | 21.0 | 22.3 | 63.4 | 68.3 | ||||||||||||
Amortization | 25.8 | 25.5 | 73.3 | 74.6 | ||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | 4.8 | 5.2 | 15.4 | 16.1 | ||||||||||||
Total Adjusted OIBDA | $ | 129.3 | $ | 120.8 | $ | 335.7 | $ | 323.0 | ||||||||
Adjusted OIBDA: | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. Media | $ | 136.2 | $ | 129.2 | $ | 356.3 | $ | 349.9 | ||||||||
Other | 4.2 | 1.9 | 7.6 | 4.8 | ||||||||||||
Corporate | (11.1 | ) | (10.3 | ) | (28.2 | ) | (31.7 | ) | ||||||||
Total Adjusted OIBDA | $ | 129.3 | $ | 120.8 | $ | 335.7 | $ | 323.0 | ||||||||
Operating income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. Media | $ | 96.0 | $ | 100.7 | $ | 240.4 | $ | 232.1 | ||||||||
Other | (1.2 | ) | (4.9 | ) | (53.3 | ) | (13.0 | ) | ||||||||
Corporate | (15.9 | ) | (15.5 | ) | (43.6 | ) | (47.8 | ) | ||||||||
Total operating income | $ | 78.9 | $ | 80.3 | $ | 143.5 | $ | 171.3 | ||||||||
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U.S. Media
Three Months Ended September 30, | % | Nine Months Ended September 30, | % | |||||||||||||||||||
(in millions, except percentages) | 2018 | 2017 | Change | 2018 | 2017 | Change | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Billboard | $ | 271.3 | $ | 254.9 | 6 | % | $ | 760.1 | $ | 739.2 | 3 | % | ||||||||||
Transit and other | 108.4 | 108.1 | — | 296.7 | 298.0 | — | ||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 379.7 | 363.0 | 5 | 1,056.8 | 1,037.2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses | (192.2 | ) | (191.4 | ) | — | (557.0 | ) | (558.6 | ) | — | ||||||||||||
SG&A expenses | (51.3 | ) | (42.4 | ) | 21 | (143.5 | ) | (128.7 | ) | 11 | ||||||||||||
Adjusted OIBDA | $ | 136.2 | $ | 129.2 | 5 | $ | 356.3 | $ | 349.9 | 2 | ||||||||||||
Adjusted OIBDA margin | 36 | % | 36 | % | 34 | % | 34 | % | ||||||||||||||
Operating income | $ | 96.0 | $ | 100.7 | (5 | ) | $ | 240.4 | $ | 232.1 | 4 | |||||||||||
Restructuring charges | 0.1 | 0.4 | (75 | ) | 0.6 | 2.3 | (74 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Net gain on dispositions | (1.1 | ) | (14.1 | ) | (92 | ) | (4.0 | ) | (13.6 | ) | (71 | ) | ||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 41.2 | 42.2 | (2 | ) | 119.3 | 129.1 | (8 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Adjusted OIBDA | $ | 136.2 | $ | 129.2 | 5 | $ | 356.3 | $ | 349.9 | 2 | ||||||||||||
Total U.S. Media segment revenues increased $16.7 million, or 5%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period. Total U.S. Media segment revenues increased $19.6 million, or 2%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period.
Total U.S. Media segment revenue increased 5% in the three months ended September 30, 2018, reflecting an increase in average revenue per display (yield) in billboards, the conversion of traditional static billboard and transit displays to digital displays, and the impact in 2017 of hurricanes in the Florida and Texas markets, partially offset by lower proceeds from condemnations. In the three months ended September 30, 2018, we generated approximately 46% of our U.S. Media segment revenues from national advertising campaigns compared to approximately 48% in the same prior-year period. Total U.S. Media segment revenue increased 2% in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, reflecting the conversion of traditional static billboard and transit displays to digital displays, an increase in average revenue per display (yield) in billboards, partially offset by lower proceeds from condemnations and a decline in advertising revenues from national accounts. In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we generated approximately 43% of our U.S. Media segment revenues from national advertising campaigns compared to approximately 45% in the same prior-year period.
Revenues from U.S. Media segment billboards increased $16.4 million, or 6%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, reflecting an increase in average revenue per display (yield), the conversion of traditional static billboard displays to digital billboard displays, and the impact in 2017 of hurricanes in the Florida and Texas markets, partially offset by lower proceeds from condemnations. Revenues from U.S. Media segment billboards increased $20.9 million, or 3%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, reflecting the conversion of traditional static billboard displays to digital billboard displays and an increase in average revenue per display (yield), partially offset by lower proceeds from condemnations.
Transit and other revenues in the U.S. Media segment increased $0.3 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, reflecting a growth in digital displays, partially offset by a decline in advertising revenues from national accounts. Transit and other revenues in the U.S. Media segment decreased $1.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, reflecting a decline in advertising revenues from national accounts, partially offset by growth in digital displays.
U.S. Media segment operating expenses increased $0.8 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to higher billboard property lease costs, due primarily to the new MTA billboard agreement, partially offset by lower transit franchise expenses in connection with the new MTA transit franchise agreement. U.S. Media segment SG&A expenses increased $8.9 million, or 21%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to higher compensation and other employee-related costs, higher strategic business development costs and higher professional fees. U.S. Media segment operating expenses decreased $1.6 million in the nine
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months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to lower transit franchise expenses in connection with the new MTA transit franchise agreement, partially offset by higher billboard property lease costs, due primarily to the new MTA billboard agreement. U.S. Media segment SG&A expenses increased $14.8 million, or 11%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily due to higher compensation and other employee-related costs, higher strategic business development costs and higher professional fees, partially offset by lower bad debt expense.
U.S. Media segment Adjusted OIBDA increased $7.0 million, or 5%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period. Adjusted OIBDA margin was 36% in each of the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. U.S. Media segment Adjusted OIBDA increased $6.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period. Adjusted OIBDA margin was 34% in each of the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017.
Other
Three Months Ended September 30, | % | Nine Months Ended September 30, | % | |||||||||||||||||||
(in millions, except percentages) | 2018 | 2017 | Change | 2018 | 2017 | Change | ||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Billboard | $ | 19.3 | $ | 17.5 | 10 | % | $ | 50.2 | $ | 43.4 | 16 | % | ||||||||||
Transit and other | 15.2 | 11.9 | 28 | 46.8 | 38.6 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 34.5 | $ | 29.4 | 17 | $ | 97.0 | $ | 82.0 | 18 | ||||||||||||
Organic revenues(a): | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Billboard | $ | 19.3 | $ | 16.8 | 15 | $ | 41.8 | $ | 39.9 | 5 | ||||||||||||
Transit and other | 13.4 | 11.8 | 14 | 41.2 | 38.7 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||
Total organic revenues(a) | 32.7 | 28.6 | 14 | 83.0 | 78.6 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||
Non-organic revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Billboard | — | 0.7 | * | 8.4 | 3.5 | * | ||||||||||||||||
Transit and other | 1.8 | 0.1 | * | 5.6 | (0.1 | ) | * | |||||||||||||||
Total non-organic revenues | 1.8 | 0.8 | * | 14.0 | 3.4 | * | ||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 34.5 | 29.4 | 17 | 97.0 | 82.0 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses | (23.1 | ) | (21.2 | ) | 9 | (67.4 | ) | (59.2 | ) | 14 | ||||||||||||
SG&A expenses | (7.2 | ) | (6.3 | ) | 14 | (22.0 | ) | (18.0 | ) | 22 | ||||||||||||
Adjusted OIBDA | $ | 4.2 | $ | 1.9 | 121 | $ | 7.6 | $ | 4.8 | 58 | ||||||||||||
Adjusted OIBDA margin | 12 | % | 6 | % | 8 | % | 6 | % | ||||||||||||||
Operating loss | $ | (1.2 | ) | $ | (4.9 | ) | (76 | ) | $ | (53.3 | ) | $ | (13.0 | ) | * | |||||||
Restructuring charges | — | 1.2 | * | 0.8 | 4.0 | (80 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Net gain on dispositions | (0.2 | ) | — | * | (0.2 | ) | — | * | ||||||||||||||
Impairment charge | — | — | * | 42.9 | — | * | ||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 5.6 | 5.6 | — | 17.4 | 13.8 | 26 | ||||||||||||||||
Adjusted OIBDA | $ | 4.2 | $ | 1.9 | 121 | $ | 7.6 | $ | 4.8 | 58 | ||||||||||||
* | Calculation is not meaningful. |
(a) | Organic revenues exclude revenues associated with a significant acquisition, the impact of a new accounting standard (See Note 2. New Accounting Standards to the Consolidated Financial Statements) and the impact of foreign currency exchange rates (“non-organic revenues”). |
On June 13, 2017, certain subsidiaries of OUTFRONT Media Inc. acquired the equity interests of certain subsidiaries of All Vision LLC (“All Vision”), which hold substantially all of All Vision’s outdoor advertising assets in Canada, and effectuated an amalgamation of All Vision’s Canadian business with our Canadian business (the “Transaction”).
Total Other revenues increased $5.1 million, or 17%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, reflecting improved performance in Canada and the impact of a new accounting standard on our Sports
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Marketing operating segment. Total Other revenues increased $15.0 million, or 18%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, reflecting the impact of a new accounting standard on our Sports Marketing operating segment and the impact of the Transaction.
Other operating expenses increased $1.9 million, or 9%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, driven by the impact of a new accounting standard on our Sports Marketing operating segment (see Note 2. New Accounting Standards to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Other SG&A expenses increased $0.9 million, or 14%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the prior-year period, primarily driven by the impact of a new accounting standard on our Sports Marketing operating segment. Other operating expenses increased $8.2 million, or 14%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, driven by the impact of a new accounting standard on our Sports Marketing operating segment (see Note 2. New Accounting Standards to the Consolidated Financial Statements) and the impact of the Transaction. Other SG&A expenses increased $4.0 million, or 22%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the prior-year period, primarily driven by the impact of a new accounting standard on our Sports Marketing operating segment and the impact of the Transaction.
Other Adjusted OIBDA of $4.2 million increased $2.3 million, or 121%, in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily driven by improved performance in Canada. Other Adjusted OIBDA of $7.6 million increased $2.8 million, or 58%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, primarily driven by the impact of the Transaction and improved performance in Canada.
Corporate
Corporate expenses primarily include expenses associated with employees who provide centralized services. Corporate expenses, excluding stock-based compensation, were $11.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $10.3 million in the same prior-year period, primarily due to higher professional fees. Corporate expenses, excluding stock-based compensation, were $28.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $31.7 million in the same prior-year period, primarily due to lower compensation-related expenses in 2018 and one-time expenses in 2017, including higher professional fees and costs incurred in connection with an amendment of the Credit Agreement (as defined in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of this MD&A).
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of | |||||||||||
(in millions, except percentages) | September 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | % Change | ||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 56.7 | $ | 48.3 | 17 | % | |||||
Restricted cash | 1.4 | — | * | ||||||||
Receivables, less allowance ($10.5 in 2018 and $11.5 in 2017) | 260.8 | 231.1 | 13 | ||||||||
Prepaid lease and transit franchise costs | 62.9 | 68.6 | (8 | ) | |||||||
Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs | 20.2 | 4.7 | * | ||||||||
Other prepaid expenses | 18.2 | 13.5 | 35 | ||||||||
Other current assets | 9.8 | 9.8 | — | ||||||||
Total current assets | 430.0 | 376.0 | 14 | ||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||
Accounts payable | 47.7 | 56.1 | (15 | ) | |||||||
Accrued compensation | 34.4 | 34.6 | (1 | ) | |||||||
Accrued interest | 25.9 | 16.1 | 61 | ||||||||
Accrued lease costs | 29.6 | 30.5 | (3 | ) | |||||||
Other accrued expenses | 38.2 | 42.3 | (10 | ) | |||||||
Deferred revenues | 30.1 | 21.3 | 41 | ||||||||
Short-term debt | 175.0 | 80.0 | 119 | ||||||||
Other current liabilities | 17.5 | 18.7 | (6 | ) | |||||||
Total current liabilities | 398.4 | 299.6 | 33 | ||||||||
Working capital | $ | 31.6 | $ | 76.4 | (59 | ) | |||||
• | Calculation is not meaningful. |
We continually project anticipated cash requirements for our operating, investing and financing needs as well as cash flows generated from operating activities available to meet these needs. Due to seasonal advertising patterns and influences on advertising markets, our revenues and operating income are typically highest in the fourth quarter, during the holiday shopping season, and lowest in the first quarter, as advertisers cut back on spending following the holiday shopping season. Further, certain of our municipal transit contracts, as well as our marketing and multimedia rights agreements with colleges and universities, require guaranteed minimum annual payments to be paid at the beginning of the year.
Our short-term cash requirements primarily include payments for operating leases, guaranteed minimum annual payments, capital expenditures, equipment deployment costs, interest and dividends. Funding for short-term cash needs will come primarily from our cash on hand, operating cash flows, our ability to issue debt and equity securities, and borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below), the AR Securitization Facilities (as defined below) or other secured credit facilities that we may establish.
In addition, as part of our growth strategy, we frequently evaluate strategic opportunities to acquire new businesses, assets or digital technology. Consistent with this strategy, we regularly evaluate potential acquisitions, ranging from small transactions to larger acquisitions, which transactions could be funded through cash on hand, additional borrowings, equity or other securities, or some combination thereof.
Our long-term cash needs include principal payments on outstanding indebtedness and commitments related to operating leases and franchise and other agreements, including any related guaranteed minimum annual payments, and equipment deployment costs. Funding for long-term cash needs will come from our cash on hand, operating cash flows, our ability to issue debt and equity securities, and borrowing capacity under the Revolving Credit Facility or other secured credit facilities that we may establish.
The decrease in working capital during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, is primarily due to higher short-term debt and higher deferred revenues, partially offset by higher accounts receivables and higher prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs.
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Under the MTA agreement, we are obligated to deploy over 50,000 digital displays for advertising and MTA communications across the transit system over a number of years and the MTA is entitled to receive the greater of a percentage of revenues or a guaranteed minimum annual payment. Due to the change in the MTA’s revenue share percentage under the agreement, we expect our transit franchise operating expenses to decline in year one of the agreement as compared to prior historical periods, and gradually increase in subsequent years if our revenues increase over an annual base revenue amount. Incremental revenues that exceed an annual base revenue amount will be retained by us for the cost of deploying advertising and communications screens throughout the transit system. Our currently estimated equipment deployment cost is approximately $800 million for the full 15-year term and approximately $600 million for the first eight years of the term, and these equipment deployment costs will be recorded as Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs and Intangible assets on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. If incremental revenues generated over the term of the agreement are not sufficient to cover all or a portion of the equipment deployment costs, the costs will not be recovered, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation. We expect to utilize third party financing to fund equipment deployment costs, and have increased our letters of credit for the benefit of the MTA from approximately $30.0 million to $136.0 million, which is subject to change as equipment installations are completed and revenues are generated. For the full year of 2018, we expect our equipment deployment costs to be approximately $130.0 million. We incurred $58.2 million related to MTA equipment deployment costs in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, for a total of $63.7 million to date.
As of September 30, 2018, we had total indebtedness of $2.4 billion.
On October 23, 2018, we announced that our board of directors approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.36 per share on our common stock, payable on December 31, 2018, to stockholders of record at the close of business on December 7, 2018.
Debt
Debt, net, consists of the following:
As of | ||||||||
(in millions, except percentages) | September 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||
Short-term debt: | ||||||||
AR Facility | $ | 100.0 | $ | 80.0 | ||||
Repurchase Facility | 75.0 | — | ||||||
Total short-term debt | 175.0 | 80.0 | ||||||
Long-term debt: | ||||||||
Revolving credit facility | 10.0 | — | ||||||
Term loan, due 2024 | 668.1 | 667.8 | ||||||
Senior unsecured notes: | ||||||||
5.250% senior unsecured notes, due 2022 | 549.7 | 549.6 | ||||||
5.625% senior unsecured notes, due 2024 | 502.2 | 502.6 | ||||||
5.875% senior unsecured notes, due 2025 | 450.0 | 450.0 | ||||||
Total senior unsecured notes | 1,501.9 | 1,502.2 | ||||||
Debt issuance costs | (21.5 | ) | (24.7 | ) | ||||
Total long-term debt, net | 2,158.5 | 2,145.3 | ||||||
Total debt, net | $ | 2,333.5 | $ | 2,225.3 | ||||
Weighted average cost of debt | 5.0 | % | 4.8 | % | ||||
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Payments Due by Period | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | Total | 2018 | 2019-2020 | 2021-2022 | 2023 and thereafter | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | $ | 2,180.0 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 560.0 | $ | 1,620.0 | ||||||||||
Interest | 676.6 | 112.9 | 224.7 | 203.0 | 136.0 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 2,856.6 | $ | 112.9 | $ | 224.7 | $ | 763.0 | $ | 1,756.0 | ||||||||||
Term Loan
The interest rate on the term loan due in 2024 (the “Term Loan”) was 4.1% per annum as of September 30, 2018. As of September 30, 2018, a discount of $1.9 million on the Term Loan remains unamortized. The discount is being amortized through Interest expense, net, on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Revolving Credit Facility
We also have a $430.0 million revolving credit facility, which matures in 2022 (the “Revolving Credit Facility,” together with the Term Loan, the “Senior Credit Facilities”).
As of September 30, 2018, there were $10.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 4.5%. As of November 5, 2018, there were $25.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 4.5%.
The commitment fee based on the amount of unused commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility was $0.4 million in each of the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and $1.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and $1.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As of September 30, 2018, we had issued letters of credit totaling approximately $66.1 million against the letter of credit facility sublimit under the Revolving Credit Facility.
Standalone Letter of Credit Facilities
As of September 30, 2018, we had issued letters of credit totaling approximately $128.8 million under our aggregate $150.0 million standalone letter of credit facilities. The total fees under the letter of credit facilities were immaterial in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Accounts Receivable Securitization Facilities
On September 6, 2018, the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company and MUFG Bank, Ltd. (f/k/a The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.) (“MUFG”) entered into amendments to the agreements governing the Company’s $100.0 million three-year revolving accounts receivable securitization facility (the “AR Facility”), along with other agreements with MUFG, pursuant to which the Company (i) extended the term of the AR Facility for one year so that it will now terminate on June 30, 2021, unless further extended, and (ii) entered into a 364-day $75.0 million structured repurchase facility (the “Repurchase Facility” and together with the AR Facility, the “AR Securitization Facilities”).
In connection with the AR Securitization Facilities, Outfront Media LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Originator”), will sell and/or contribute its existing and future accounts receivable and certain related assets to Outfront Media Receivables LLC, a special purpose vehicle and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “SPV”). The SPV will transfer an undivided interest in the accounts receivable assets to certain purchasers from time to time (the “Purchasers”). The SPV is a separate legal entity with its own separate creditors who will be entitled to access the SPV’s assets before the assets become available to the Company. Accordingly, the SPV’s assets are not available to pay creditors of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, although collections from the receivables in excess of amounts required to repay the Purchasers and other creditors of the SPV may be remitted to the Company.
In connection with the Repurchase Facility, the Originator may borrow up to $75.0 million, collateralized by a subordinated note (the “Subordinated Note”) issued by the SPV in favor of the Originator and representing a portion of the outstanding balance of the accounts receivable assets sold by the Originator to the SPV under the AR Facility. The Subordinated Note will be transferred to MUFG, as repurchase buyer, on an uncommitted basis, and subject to repurchase by the Originator on termination of the Repurchase Facility. The Originator has granted MUFG a security interest in the Subordinated Note to secure
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its obligations under the agreements governing the Repurchase Facility, and the Company has agreed to guarantee the Originator’s obligations under the agreements governing the Repurchase Facility.
As of September 30, 2018, there were $100.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the AR Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 3.1%, and $75.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Repurchase Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 3.4%. As of September 30, 2018, we had no borrowing capacity remaining under either the AR Facility or the Repurchase Facility, based on approximately $216.8 million of accounts receivables used as collateral for the AR Securitization Facilities, in accordance with the agreements governing the AR Securitization Facilities. The commitment fee based on the amount of unused commitments under the AR Facility was immaterial for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. As of November 5, 2018, there were $75.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the AR Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 3.2%, and $75.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Repurchase Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 3.5%.
Senior Unsecured Notes
As of September 30, 2018, a discount of $0.3 million on $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 5.250% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2022, remains unamortized. The discount is being amortized through Interest expense, net, on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
As of September 30, 2018, a premium of $2.2 million on $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 5.625% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2024, remains unamortized. The premium is being amortized through Interest expense, net, on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Debt Covenants
Our credit agreement, dated as of January 31, 2014 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified, the “Credit Agreement”), governing the Senior Credit Facilities, the agreements governing the AR Facility, and the indentures governing our senior unsecured notes contain customary affirmative and negative covenants, subject to certain exceptions, including but not limited to those that limit the Company’s and our subsidiaries’ abilities to (i) pay dividends on, repurchase or make distributions in respect to the Company’s or its wholly-owned subsidiary, Outfront Media Capital LLC’s (“Finance LLC’s”) capital stock or make other restricted payments other than dividends or distributions necessary for us to maintain our REIT status, subject to certain conditions, and (ii) enter into agreements restricting certain subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends or make other intercompany third party transfers.
The terms of the Credit Agreement (and under certain circumstances, the agreements governing the AR Securitization Facilities) require that we maintain a Consolidated Net Secured Leverage Ratio, which is the ratio of (i) our consolidated secured debt (less up to $150.0 million of unrestricted cash) to (ii) our Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the trailing four consecutive quarters, of no greater than 4.0 to 1.0. As of September 30, 2018, our Consolidated Net Secured Leverage Ratio was 1.5 to 1.0 in accordance with the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement also requires that, in connection with the incurrence of certain indebtedness, we satisfy a Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio, which is the ratio of our consolidated total debt to our Consolidated EBITDA for the trailing four consecutive quarters, of no greater than 6.0 to 1.0. As of September 30, 2018, our Consolidated Total Leverage Ratio was 4.9 to 1.0 in accordance with the Credit Agreement. As of September 30, 2018, we are in compliance with our debt covenants.
Deferred Financing Costs
As of September 30, 2018, we had deferred $25.5 million in fees and expenses associated with the Term Loan, Revolving Credit Facility, AR Securitization Facilities and our senior unsecured notes. We are amortizing the deferred fees through Interest expense, net, on the Consolidated Statement of Operations over the respective terms of the Term Loan, Revolving Credit Facility, AR Facility and our senior unsecured notes.
At-the-Market Equity Offering Program
On November 21, 2017, we entered into a sales agreement in connection with an “at-the-market” equity offering program (the “ATM Program”), under which we may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of our common stock up to an aggregate offering price of $300.0 million. We have no obligation to sell any of our common stock under the sales agreement and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under the sales agreement. As of November 5, 2018, no shares of our common stock have been sold under the ATM Program and accordingly, as of November 5, 2018, $300.0 million remained available to be sold under the sales agreement.
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Cash Flows
The following table presents our cash flows in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Nine Months Ended September 30, | % | ||||||||||
(in millions, except percentages) | 2018 | 2017 | Change | ||||||||
Cash provided by operating activities | $ | 137.4 | $ | 182.6 | (25 | )% | |||||
Cash used for investing activities | (71.1 | ) | (119.8 | ) | (41 | ) | |||||
Cash used for financing activities | (56.3 | ) | (86.6 | ) | (35 | ) | |||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (0.2 | ) | 0.6 | * | |||||||
Net increase (decrease) to cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 9.8 | $ | (23.2 | ) | * | |||||
* | Calculation is not meaningful. |
Cash provided by operating activities decreased $45.2 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, principally as a result of prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs, an increase in accounts receivables due to the timing of collections, partially offset by the timing of payments of percentage rents due under the MTA transit franchise agreement and higher net income, as adjusted for non-cash items. In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we paid $58.2 million related to MTA equipment deployment costs.
Cash used for investing activities decreased $48.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period. In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we incurred $62.1 million in capital expenditures and completed several acquisitions for total cash payments of approximately $5.6 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we incurred $58.6 million in capital expenditures and completed several acquisitions for total cash payments of approximately $62.8 million.
The following table presents our capital expenditures in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.
Nine Months Ended September 30, | % | ||||||||||
(in millions, except percentages) | 2018 | 2017 | Change | ||||||||
Growth | $ | 48.5 | $ | 41.2 | 18 | % | |||||
Maintenance | 13.6 | 17.4 | (22 | ) | |||||||
Total capital expenditures | $ | 62.1 | $ | 58.6 | 6 | ||||||
Capital expenditures increased $3.5 million, or 6%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period, as we continue to spend on digital billboard and/or transit displays, partially offset by lower spending on vehicles and safety equipment, as well as on renovations of certain office facilities.
For the full year of 2018, we expect our capital expenditures to be approximately $75.0 million, which will be used primarily for maintenance, growth in digital displays, installation of the most current LED lighting technology to improve the quality and extend the life of our static billboards, and to renovate certain office facilities. This estimate does not include equipment deployment costs that will be incurred in connection with the MTA agreement (as described above), which will be recorded as Prepaid MTA equipment deployment costs and Intangible assets on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, as applicable.
Cash used for financing activities decreased $30.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to the same prior-year period. In the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we drew net borrowings of $10.0 million on the Revolving Credit Facility, drew net borrowings of $95.0 million on the AR Securitization Facilities and paid cash dividends of $152.9 million. In the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we received net proceeds from an incremental borrowing on our Term Loan of $8.3 million, drew net borrowings of $73.0 million on the AR Facility, incurred additional deferred financing costs of $7.7 million and paid cash dividends of $151.0 million.
Cash paid for income taxes was $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to $6.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The increase was due primarily to payments in 2018 related to income from taxable REIT subsidiaries in 2017 and the payment of taxes on built-in gains on properties sold.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Our off-balance sheet commitments primarily consist of operating lease arrangements and guaranteed minimum annual payments. (See Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information about our off-balance sheet commitments.)
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates, which are based on historical experience and on various assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The result of these evaluations forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amount of revenues and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions.
Goodwill
On April 1, 2018, we early adopted the Financial Accounting Standard Board’s guidance simplifying the test for goodwill impairment. (See Note 2. New Accounting Standards to the Consolidated Financial Statements.) Under that new guidance, which is applied prospectively, if the carrying value of a reporting unit is greater than its fair value, a goodwill impairment charge will be recorded for the difference up to the carrying value of the goodwill.
We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis on October 31 of each year and between annual tests should factors or indicators become apparent that would require an interim test. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting-unit level. We compute the estimated fair value of each reporting unit by adding the present value of the estimated annual cash flows over a discrete projection period to the residual value of the business at the end of the projection period. This technique requires us to use significant estimates and assumptions such as growth rates, operating margins, capital expenditures and discount rates. The estimated growth rates, operating margins and capital expenditures for the projection period are based on our internal forecasts of future performance as well as historical trends. The residual value is estimated based on a perpetual nominal growth rate, which is based on projected long-range inflation and long-term industry projections. The discount rates are determined based on the weighted average cost of capital of comparable entities. There can be no assurance that these estimates and assumptions will prove to be an accurate prediction of the future, and a downward revision of these estimates and/or assumptions would decrease the fair values of our reporting units, which could result in additional impairment charges in the future.
The estimated fair value of the Canadian reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by 2.9% as of December 31, 2017, based on our goodwill impairment assessment in the prior year. In the second quarter of 2018, our Canadian reporting unit did not meet revenue expectations and pacing reflected a decline as compared to the 2018 forecast due to the underperformance of our static poster assets and digital displays. As a result, we determined that there was a decline in the outlook for our Canadian reporting unit. This determination constituted a triggering event, requiring an interim goodwill impairment analysis of our Canadian reporting unit.
In estimating the fair value of the Canadian reporting unit in the second quarter of 2018, our projections include accelerating growth from digital boards as structures continue to be built or converted in future periods, partially offset by declining revenue from our static poster structures and production business. We utilized a discount rate of 9.5% and a long-term growth rate 3.0% in our discounted cash flow model.
As a result of the impairment analysis performed during the second quarter of 2018, we determined that the carrying value of our Canadian reporting unit exceeded its fair value and we recorded an impairment charge of $42.9 million in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of September 30, 2018, goodwill related to our Canadian reporting unit, net of accumulated impairment of $42.9 million, was $22.7 million. As of December 31, 2017, goodwill associated with our Canadian reporting unit was $68.1 million.
Accounting Standards
See Note 2. New Accounting Standards to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information about the adoption of new accounting standards and recent accounting pronouncements.
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We have made statements in this MD&A and other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “expects,” “could,” “would,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “likely,” “intends,” “plans,” “projects,” “predicts,” “estimates,” “forecast” or “anticipates” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases that are predictions of or indicate future events or trends and that do not relate solely to historical matters. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions related to our capital resources, portfolio performance and results of operations.
Forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties and you should not rely on them as predictions of future events. Forward-looking statements depend on assumptions, data or methods that may be incorrect or imprecise and may not be able to be realized. We do not guarantee that the transactions and events described will happen as described (or that they will happen at all). The following factors, among others, could cause actual results and future events to differ materially from those set forth or contemplated in the forward-looking statements:
• | Declines in advertising and general economic conditions; |
• | Competition; |
• | Government regulation; |
• | Our inability to increase the number of digital advertising displays in our portfolio; |
• | Our ability to implement our digital display platform and deploy digital advertising displays to our transit franchise partners; |
• | Taxes, fees and registration requirements; |
• | Our ability to obtain and renew key municipal contracts on favorable terms; |
• | Decreased government compensation for the removal of lawful billboards; |
• | Content-based restrictions on outdoor advertising; |
• | Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations; |
• | Seasonal variations; |
• | Acquisitions and other strategic transactions that we may pursue could have a negative effect on our results of operations; |
• | Dependence on our management team and other key employees; |
• | The ability of our board of directors to cause us to issue additional shares of stock without stockholder approval; |
• | Certain provisions of Maryland law may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of us; |
• | Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited; |
• | Our substantial indebtedness; |
• | Restrictions in the agreements governing our indebtedness; |
• | Incurrence of additional debt; |
• | Interest rate risk exposure from our variable-rate indebtedness; |
• | Our ability to generate cash to service our indebtedness; |
• | Cash available for distributions; |
• | Hedging transactions; |
• | Diverse risks in our Canadian business; |
• | A breach of our security measures; |
• | Changes in regulations and consumer concerns regarding privacy, information security and data, or any failure or perceived failure to comply with these regulations or our internal policies; |
• | Asset impairment charges for goodwill; |
• | Our failure to remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT; |
• | REIT distribution requirements; |
• | Availability of external sources of capital; |
• | We may face other tax liabilities even if we remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT; |
• | Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to liquidate investments or forgo otherwise attractive opportunities; |
• | Our ability to contribute certain contracts to a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”); |
• | Our planned use of TRSs may cause us to fail to remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT; |
• | REIT ownership limits; |
• | Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively; |
• | Failure to meet the REIT income tests as a result of receiving non-qualifying income; |
• | Even if we remain qualified to be taxed as a REIT, and we sell assets, we could be subject to tax on any unrealized net built-in gains in the assets held before electing to be treated as a REIT; |
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• | The Internal Revenue Service may deem the gains from sales of our outdoor advertising assets to be subject to a 100% prohibited transaction tax; |
• | Establishing operating partnerships as part of our REIT structure; and |
• | U.S. federal tax reform legislation could affect us in ways that are difficult to anticipate. |
While forward-looking statements reflect our good-faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. All forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q apply as of the date of this report or as of the date they were made and, except as required by applicable law, we disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors of new information, data or methods, future events or other changes. For a further discussion of these and other factors that could impact our future results, performance or transactions, see the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2018. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
We are exposed to market risk related to commodity prices and foreign currency exchange rates, and to a limited extent, interest rates and credit risks.
Commodity Price Risk
We incur various operating costs that are subject to price risk caused by volatility in underlying commodity values. Commodity price risk is present in electricity costs associated with powering our digital billboard displays and lighting our traditional static billboard displays at night.
We do not currently use derivatives or other financial instruments to mitigate our exposure to commodity price risk. However, we do enter into contracts with commodity providers to limit our exposure to commodity price fluctuations. For the year ended December 31, 2017, such contracts accounted for 13.5% of our total utility costs. As of November 5, 2018, we have active electricity purchase agreements with fixed contract rates for locations throughout Connecticut, Illinois, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Texas, which expire at various dates until June 2021.
Foreign Exchange Risk
Foreign currency translation risk is the risk that exchange rate gains or losses arise from translating our Canadian business’s statements of earnings and statements of financial position from functional currency to our reporting currency (the U.S. Dollar) for consolidation purposes. Any gain or loss on translation is included within comprehensive income and Accumulated other comprehensive income on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The functional currency of our international subsidiaries is their respective local currency. As of September 30, 2018, we have $7.9 million of unrecognized foreign currency translation losses included within Accumulated other comprehensive loss on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
Substantially all of our transactions at our Canadian subsidiary are denominated in their local functional currency, thereby reducing our risk of foreign currency transaction gains or losses.
We do not currently use derivatives or other financial instruments to mitigate foreign currency risk, although we may do so in the future.
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Interest Rate Risk
We are subject to interest rate risk to the extent we have variable-rate debt outstanding including under the Senior Credit Facilities, Revolving Credit Facility and the AR Facility.
As of September 30, 2018, we had a $670.0 million variable-rate Term Loan due 2024 outstanding, which has an interest rate of 4.1% per year. An increase or decrease of 1/4% in our interest rate on the Term Loan will change our annualized interest expense by approximately $1.7 million.
As of September 30, 2018, we had $100.0 million of outstanding borrowings under our variable-rate AR Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 3.1% and $75.0 million of outstanding borrowings under our variable-rate Repurchase Facility, at a borrowing rate of approximately 3.4%. An increase or decrease of 1/4% in our interest rate on the AR Securitization Facilities will change our annualized interest expense by approximately $0.4 million. As of November 5, 2018, there were $75.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the AR Facility at a borrowing rate of approximately 3.2% and $75.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Repurchase Facility at a borrowing rate of approximately 3.5%.
We do not currently use derivatives or other financial instruments to mitigate interest rate risk, although we may do so in the future.
Credit Risk
In the opinion of our management, credit risk is limited due to the large number of customers and advertising agencies utilized. We perform credit evaluations on our customers and agencies and believe that the allowances for doubtful accounts are adequate. We do not currently use derivatives or other financial instruments to mitigate credit risk.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our management has carried out an evaluation, under the supervision of and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act, during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
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PART II
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
On an ongoing basis, we are engaged in lawsuits and governmental proceedings and respond to various investigations, inquiries, notices and claims from national, state and local governmental and other authorities (collectively, “litigation”). Litigation is inherently uncertain and always difficult to predict. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the eventual outcome of any litigation, in our opinion, none of our current litigation is expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
We have disclosed the risk factors affecting our business, results of operations and financial condition in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2018. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
None.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer
Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs | Remaining Authorizations | ||||||||||
July 1, 2018 through July 31, 2018 | — | $ | — | — | — | ||||||||
August 1, 2018 through August 31, 2018 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||
September 1, 2018 through September 30, 2018 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||
Total | — | — | — | — | |||||||||
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
None.
Item 5. Other Information.
None.
Item 6. Exhibits.
See Exhibit Index immediately following this Item, which is incorporated herein by reference.
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit Number | Description | |
10.1 | ||
10.2 | ||
10.3 | ||
10.4 | ||
10.5 | ||
31.1 | ||
31.2 | ||
32.1 | ||
32.2 | ||
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. | |
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema | |
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase | |
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Definition Document | |
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase | |
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase | |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
OUTFRONT MEDIA INC. | ||||
By: | /s/ Matthew Siegel | |||
Name: | Matthew Siegel | |||
Title: | Executive Vice President and | |||
Chief Financial Officer | ||||
(Principal Financial Officer) | ||||
Date: November 6, 2018
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