Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2020 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2020

OR

For the Transition Period From _______to ________

Commission File Number: 001-38106

PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES ☑   NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). YES ☑   NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐    Accelerated filer ☑    Non-accelerated filer ☐    Smaller reporting company ☑    Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). YES ☐   NO ☑

As of May 6, 2020, the Registrant had outstanding 14,837,344 shares of common stock.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

INDEX TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

UNAUDITED

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN PREFERRED STOCK AND EQUITY (DEFICIT)

UNAUDITED

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

Three months ended March 31, 2020:

Three months ended March 31, 2019:

PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

UNAUDITED

(In thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

1. Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation

Business

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc., (the “Company”, “we” or the “REIT”) is a Maryland corporation formed on March 7, 2011. The Company is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT, commonly called an UPREIT, and owns substantially all of its assets and conducts substantially all of its business through its operating partnership, Plymouth Industrial Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”). The Company, as general partner of the Operating Partnership, controls the Operating Partnership and consolidates the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the Operating Partnership. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company owned a 94.5% and 94.2%, respectively, equity interest in the Operating Partnership.

The Company is a full service, vertically integrated, self-administered and self-managed organization. The Company focuses on the acquisition, ownership and management of single and multi-tenant Class B industrial properties, including distribution centers, warehouses and light industrial properties, primarily located in secondary and select primary markets across the U.S. As of March 31, 2020, the Company, through its subsidiaries, owns 96 industrial properties comprising 125 buildings with an aggregate of approximately 20 million square feet.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accounting policies underlying the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are those set forth in the Company's audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. Additional information regarding the Company’s significant accounting policies related to the accompanying interim financial statements is as follows:

Basis of Presentation

The Company’s interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership and their subsidiaries. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements include adjustments of a normal and recurring nature considered necessary by management to fairly present the Company's financial position and results of operations. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements may not be indicative of financial results for the full year. It is suggested that these interim condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 as filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2020.

Risks and Uncertainties

As a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, public health officials have recommended and mandated precautions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, including prohibitions on congregating in heavily populated areas and shelter-in-place orders or similar measures. A number of our tenants have been impacted by such measures as they either temporarily closed down their operations or are scaling back activity in order to comply, causing a strain on their ability to generate revenue. As such, our future operating results may be adversely impacted by our tenants’ inability to generate revenue and pay their rent due as a result of the shut-downs and other actions taken to contain or treat the impact of COVID-19. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.

The state of the overall economy beyond the current impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic can also significantly impact the Company’s operational performance and thus impact its financial position.  Should the Company experience a significant decline in operational performance, it may affect the Company’s ability to make distributions to its stockholders, service debt, or meet other financial obligations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes significant estimates regarding the allocation of tangible and intangible assets for real estate acquisitions, impairments of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation and its common stock warrant liability. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. Management adjusts such estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Reclassifications

Tenant recoveries totaling $3,933 on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019, respectively, were reclassified into rental revenue in order to be in conformity with ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”). The change in the fair market value of our common stock warrants totaling $79 for the three months ending March 31, 2019, respectively, was reclassified to Other expense - Change in fair value of warrant derivative from Operating expenses - General and administrative on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Segments

The Company has one reportable segment–industrial properties. These properties have similar economic characteristics and also meet the other criteria that permit the properties to be aggregated into one reportable segment.

Revenue Recognition and Tenant Receivables and Rental Revenue Components

Minimum rental revenue from real estate operations is recognized on a straight-line basis. The straight-line rent calculation on leases includes the effects of rent concessions and scheduled rent increases, and the calculated straight-line rent income is recognized over the lives of the individual leases. In accordance to ASC 842, we assess the collectability of lease receivables (including future minimum rental payments) both at commencement and throughout the lease term. If our assessment of collectability changes during the lease term, any difference between the revenue that would have been received under the straight-line method and the lease payments that have been collected will be recognized as a current period adjustment to rental revenue. Rental revenue associated with leases where collectability has been deemed less than probable is recognized on a cash basis in accordance to ASC 842.

The Company includes accounts receivable and straight-line rent receivables within Other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, rental revenue was derived from various tenants. As such, future receipts are dependent upon the financial strength of the lessees and their ability to perform under the lease agreements.

Rental revenue is comprised of the following:

Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company maintains cash and restricted cash, which includes tenant security deposits and cash collateral for its borrowings discussed in Note 5, cash held in escrow for real estate tax, insurance and tenant capital improvements and leasing commissions, in bank deposit accounts, which at times may exceed federally insured limits. As of March 31, 2020, the Company has not realized any losses in such cash accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risk of loss.

The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash held in escrow and restricted cash reported within our condensed consolidated balance sheet to amounts reported within our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows:

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company applies various valuation approaches in determining the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities within a hierarchy that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows:

Level 1— Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2— Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3— Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.

The availability of observable inputs can vary among the various types of financial assets and liabilities. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for financial statement disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the overall fair value measurement. Level 3 inputs are applied in determining the fair value of warrants to purchase common stock in the amount of $293 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, as discussed in Note 6.

Financial instruments include cash, restricted cash, cash held in escrow and reserves, accounts receivable, senior secured debt, line of credit, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities. The values of these financial instruments approximate their fair value due to their relatively short maturities and prevailing interest rates.

Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs are reflected as a reduction to the respective loan amounts in the form of a debt discount. Amortization of this expense is included in interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Debt issuance costs amounted to $6,953 and $6,718 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and related accumulated amortization amounted to $2,502 and $2,227 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Unamortized debt issuance costs amounted to $4,451 and $4,491 at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company has classified net unamortized debt issuance costs of $1,052 and $1,133, respectively, related to the Revolving Line of Credit Facility from Borrowings under line of credit, net to Other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company grants stock-based compensation awards to our employees and directors typically in the form of restricted shares of common stock. The Company measures stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date and recognizes the expense ratably over the vesting period. Forfeitures of unvested shares are recognized in the period the forfeiture occurs.

Loss per Share

The Company follows the two-class method when computing net loss per common share as the Company has issued shares that meet the definition of participating securities. The two-class method determines net loss per share for each class of common and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share since the Company does not have any common stock equivalents such as stock options. The warrants are not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share as they are anti-dilutive for the periods presented.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Consolidation

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include its financial statements, and those of its wholly-owned subsidiaries and controlling interests. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company considers the issuance of member interests in entities that hold its properties under the guidance of ASC 360 Property, Plant and Equipment (ASC 360), and ASC 976, Real Estate, (ASC 976) as referenced by ASC 810, Consolidation, (ASC 810).

New Accounting Pronouncements Issued but Not Yet Adopted

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

3. Real Estate Properties

Real estate properties consisted of the following at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

Depreciation expense was $8,086 and $5,159 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Acquisition of Properties

The Company made the following acquisitions of properties during the quarter ended March 31, 2020:

_______________

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The allocation of the aggregate purchase price in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, (FASB), ASU 2017-01 (Topic 805) “Business Combinations,” of the assets and liabilities acquired at their relative fair values as of their acquisition date, is as follows:

4. Leases

As a Lessor

We lease our properties to tenants under agreements classified as operating leases. We recognize the total minimum lease payments provided for under the leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Many of our leases include the recovery of certain operating expenses such as common area maintenance, insurance, real estate taxes and utilities from our tenants. The recovery of such operating expenses are recognized in Rental revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Some of our tenant leases contain options to extend leases at a fair market rate and may also include options to terminate. A minor number of the Company’s tenant leases are subject to changes in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”).

As of March 31, 2020, undiscounted future minimum rental receipts due under non-cancellable operating leases for each of the next five years and total thereafter were as follows (in thousands):

These amounts do not reflect future rental revenue from the renewal or replacement of existing leases and excludes tenant recoveries and rental increases that are not fixed or indexed to CPI.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

On April 8, 2020, the FASB provided feedback on technical inquires received from stakeholders regarding certain accounting topics affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, including guidance as to whether any concessions granted by a landlord to tenants results in a modification of a lease in accordance to ASC 842. The FASB concluded that a company can, as a policy election, treat any COVID-19 related rent concessions as a provision included within the pre-concession lease arrangement, and therefore, not be classified as a lease modification per ASC 842. In order to be considered a COVID-19 related concession, cash flows may be less than or equal to those prior to the concession, but not substantially greater. As of March 31, 2020, the Company has not entered into any such concessions.

As a Lessee

At March 31, 2020, we have four, non-cancelable office space operating leases. These leases have remaining lease terms ranging from 4.4 years to 10.3 years. The lease agreements do not contain residual value guarantees or an option to renew. As of March 31, 2020, total right of use assets and lease liabilities were approximately $6,995 and $8,184, respectively. In arriving at the lease liability as of March 31, 2020, we applied a weighted-average incremental borrowing rate of 3.9% over the weighted-average remaining lease term of 8.9 years. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate equal to our borrowings under the revolving line of credit facility at the time we enter into the respective lease agreement.

The following table summarizes the operating lease expense recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2020 included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table summarizes supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2020 in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The following table summarizes the minimum rental commitments under our non-cancelable leases, which is discounted by our incremental borrowing rate to calculate the lease liability for the operating leases in which we are the lessee (in thousands):

As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the Company had no finance leases.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

5. Borrowing Arrangements

Secured Debt

The following table sets forth a summary of the Company’s secured debt outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

_______________

Revolving Line of Credit Facility

The following table sets forth a summary of the Company’s borrowings outstanding under its line of credit at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

_______________

Financial Covenant Considerations

The Company is in compliance with all respective financial covenants for our secured debt and revolving line of credit facility as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

6. Common Stock

Follow-on Offerings

During May 2019, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 3,425,000 shares of common stock, including 425,000 shares of common stock issued upon exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, at $17.50 per share resulting in net proceeds of approximately $55,857.

During September 2019, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 3,450,000 shares of common stock, including 450,000 shares of common stock issued upon exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, at $18.00 per share resulting in net proceeds of approximately $58,756.

ATM Program

On July 30, 2018, the Company and Operating Partnership filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) registering an aggregate of $500,000 of securities, consisting of an indeterminate amount of common stock, preferred stock, depository shares, warrants, rights to purchase our common stock and debt securities.

On August 24, 2018, the Company entered into a distribution agreement with D.A. Davidson & Co., KeyBanc Capital Markets and National Securities Corporation (the “Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50,000 through a “at-the-market equity offering program” (the “Prior ATM Program”).

On February 27, 2020, the Company entered into a distribution agreement with KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Barclays Capital Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities, LLC, Capital One Securities, Inc., Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, BMO Capital Markets Corp., D.A. Davidson & Co. and National Securities Corporation pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock, with aggregate gross sales proceeds of up to $100,000, through an “at-the-market” equity offering program (the “$100 Million ATM Program”). All $50,000 of common shares available under the Prior ATM Program were issued prior to establishing the $100 Million ATM Program.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company issued 593,705 shares of its common stock under both ATM programs at a weighted average share price of $18.62, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $10,814.

Common Stock Warrants

The Company has warrants outstanding to acquire 303,699 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $18.94 per share, which expire in 2022. The warrants are accounted for as a liability on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as they contain provisions that are considered outside of the Company’s control, such as the holders’ option to receive cash in lieu and other securities in the event of a reorganization of the Company’s common stock underlying such warrants. The fair value of these warrants is re-measured at each financial reporting period with any changes in fair value recognized as a change in fair value of warrant liability in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

A roll-forward of the warrants is as follows:

The warrants in the amount of $293 at March 31, 2020 represent their fair value determined using a Binomial Valuation Model applying Level 3 inputs as described in Note 2. The significant inputs into the model were: exercise price of $18.94, volatility of 43.7%, an expected annual dividend of $1.50, a term of 2.25 years and an annual risk-free interest rate of 0.25%. The warrants in the amount of $293 at December 31, 2019 represent their fair value determined using a Binomial Valuation Model applying Level 3 inputs as described in Note 2. The significant inputs into the model were: exercise price of $18.96, volatility of 18.1%, an expected annual dividend of $1.50, a term of 2.5 years and an annual risk-free interest rate of 1.6%.

The fair value of these warrants is re-measured at each financial reporting period with any changes in fair value recognized as a change in fair value of warrant liability in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. The warrants are not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share as they are anti-dilutive for the periods presented since the Company recorded a net loss during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

Common Stock Dividends

The following table sets forth the common stock distributions that were declared during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019.

7. Preferred Stock

Series A Preferred Stock

The table below sets forth the Company’s outstanding Series A Preferred Stock issuance as of March 31, 2020:

The following table sets forth the 7.5% Series A preferred stock distributions that were declared during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019.

Series B Preferred Stock

The table below sets forth the Company’s outstanding Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock issuance as of March 31, 2020.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

The following table sets forth the Series B preferred stock dividends that were declared during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019.

8. Non-Controlling Interests

Operating Partnership Units Acquisitions

In connection with the acquisition of the Shadeland Portfolio on August 11, 2017, the Company, through its Operating Partnership issued 421,438 Operating Partnership Units (“OP Units”) at $19.00 per OP Unit for a total of approximately $8,007. In connection with the Cincinnati, Ohio acquisition on October 15, 2018, the Company, through its Operating Partnership issued 626,011 OP Units at $17.00 per OP Unit for a total of approximately $10,642. The holders of the OP Units are entitled to receive distributions concurrent with the dividends paid on our common stock. OP Units can be converted to common stock on a 1:1 conversion rate after one year. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, 11,477 OP units were redeemed for 11,477 shares of our common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2019, 172,153 OP units were redeemed for 172,153 shares of our common stock.

The following table sets forth the OP Unit distributions that were declared during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019.

The proportionate share of the loss attributed to the partnership units was $245 and $653 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

9. Incentive Award Plan

The following table is a summary of the total restricted shares granted, forfeited and vested for the three months ended March 31, 2020:

The Company recorded equity-based compensation in the amount of $349 and $288 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Equity-based compensation expense for shares issued to employees and directors is based on the grant-date fair value of the award and recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite period of the award. The unrecognized compensation expense associated with the Company’s restricted shares of common stock at March 31, 2020 was approximately $2,862 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 3 years.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

10. Earnings per Share

Net loss per Common Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders was calculated as follows:

The Company uses the two-class method of computing earnings per common share in which participating securities are included within the basic EPS calculation. The amount allocated to participating securities is according to dividends declared (whether paid or unpaid). The restricted stock does not have any participatory rights in undistributed earnings. The unvested shares of restricted stock are accounted for as participating securities as they contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends.

In periods where there is a net loss, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same. The Company’s potential dilutive securities at March 31, 2020 include the 303,699 shares of common stock warrants and 202,059 shares of restricted common stock. The stock warrants and restricted common stock have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as the effect of including them would reduce the net loss per share.

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Employment Agreements

The Company has entered into employment agreements with the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, President and Chief Investment Officer, and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. As approved by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors the agreements provide for base salaries ranging from $325 to $475 annually with discretionary cash performance awards. The agreements contain provisions for equity awards, general benefits, and termination and severance provisions, consistent with similar positions and companies.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is not currently party to any material legal proceedings. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under the provisions of the authoritative guidance that addresses accounting for contingencies. The Company expenses as incurred, the costs related to such legal proceedings.

Contingent Liability

In conjunction with the issuance of the OP Units for acquisitions, the agreements contain a provision for the Company to provide tax protection to the holders if the acquired properties are sold in a transaction that would result in the recognition of taxable income or gain prior to the sixth anniversary of the acquisition. The Company intends to hold these investments and has no plans to sell or transfer any interest that would give rise to a taxable transaction.

Plymouth Industrial REIT, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unaudited

(all dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

12. Subsequent Events

Subsequent to March 31, 2020, the United States continues to be severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and by the economic effects of government responses, such as “stay-at-home” orders and various restrictions on certain business activities. While the impact in the first quarter was minimal, we have received some rent relief requests from tenants at our properties, most often in the form of rent deferral requests, including some from tenants that we believe have the ability to pay rent. We have not yet granted any rent relief requests, but we are evaluating each request individually on a number of factors. We expect that some relief requests will be granted over the next several months but we do not anticipate foregoing our contractual rights under our lease agreements in connection with any such requests. The extent that the pandemic impacts the Company’s operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the virus and to mitigate the personal and financial impacts.

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements 

We make statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are forward-looking statements, which are usually identified by the use of words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans” “projects,” “seeks,” “should,” “will,” and variations of such words or similar expressions. Our forward-looking statements reflect our current views about our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects, which are based on the information currently available to us and on assumptions we have made. Although we believe that our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects as reflected in or suggested by our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies or prospects will be attained or achieved and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Additionally, unforeseen factors emerge from time to time, and we cannot predict which factors will arise or their ultimate impact on our business or the extent to which any such factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. One of these factors is the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the impact of which is difficult to fully assess at this time due to, among other factors, uncertainty regarding the severity and duration of the outbreak domestically and internationally and the effectiveness of efforts to contain the spread of the virus and its resulting direct and indirect impact on the U.S. economy and economic activity. Furthermore, actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements and may be affected by a variety of risks and factors including, without limitation:

Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time, and it is not possible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

The following discussion and analysis is based on, and should be read in conjunction with our unaudited financial statements and notes thereto for the periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, as well as information contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “2019 10-K“) filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 27, 2020, including the audited historical financial statements and related notes thereto as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 contained therein, which is accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Overview

We are a full service, vertically integrated, self-administered and self-managed REIT focused on the acquisition, ownership and management of single and multi-tenant Class B industrial properties, including distribution centers, warehouses and light industrial properties. The Company’s portfolio at March 31, 2020 consists of 96 industrial properties (the “Company Portfolio”) comprising of 125 buildings located in eleven states with an aggregate of approximately 20 million rentable square feet leased to 325 different tenants.

Our strategy is to acquire, own and manage single and multi-tenant Class B industrial properties located primarily in secondary markets across the U.S.; however, we may make opportunistic acquisitions of Class A industrial properties or industrial properties located in primary markets. We seek to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders through a combination of dividends and capital appreciation.

Factors That May Influence Future Results of Operations

Business and Strategy

Our core investment strategy is to acquire primarily Class B industrial properties predominantly in secondary markets across the U.S. We expect to acquire these properties through third-party purchases and structured sale-leasebacks where we believe we can achieve high initial yields and strong ongoing cash-on-cash returns. In addition, we may make opportunistic acquisitions of Class A industrial properties or industrial properties in primary markets that offer similar return characteristics.

Our target markets are comprised primarily of secondary markets because we believe these markets tend to have less occupancy and rental rate volatility and less buyer competition relative to primary markets. We also believe that the systematic aggregation of such properties will result in a diversified portfolio that will produce sustainable risk-adjusted returns. Future results of operations may be affected, either positively or negatively, by our ability to effectively execute this strategy.

We also intend to pursue joint venture arrangements with institutional partners which could provide management fee income as well as residual profit-sharing income. Such joint ventures may involve investing in industrial assets that would be characterized as opportunistic or value-add investments. These may involve development or re-development strategies that may require significant up-front capital expenditures, lengthy lease-up periods and result in inconsistent cash flows. As such, these properties’ risk profiles and return metrics would likely differ from the non-joint venture properties that we target for acquisition.

Impact of COVID-19 

While we are not able to estimate the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operating results at this time, the following discussion provides certain information regarding the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business as of April 30, 2020 and an overview of management’s efforts to respond to anticipated impacts. While our results for the first quarter of 2020 were in line with our expectations, the COVID-19 pandemic and the significant and wide-ranging efforts of international, federal, state and local public health and governmental authorities in regions across the United States and the world to combat the spread of the virus, including substantial restrictions on the daily activities of individuals and the operations of many businesses, have significantly reduced economic activity throughout the country and increased volatility in the financial markets, which could negatively impact our results of operations during the remainder of 2020 and in future periods.

As a result of the uncertainty surrounding the economic environment, we expect that such statistical and other information provided below will change, potentially significantly, going forward and may not be indicative of the actual impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operations, cash flows and financial condition for the second quarter of 2020 and future periods.

In an effort to stabilize our operations and attempt to manage the impact of COVID-19, we have taken a number of proactive measures to maintain the strength of our business, including the following:

Further discussion of the potential risks facing our business from the COVID-19 pandemic is provided below under Part II, Item 1A - Risk Factors.

Rental Revenue and Tenant Recoveries

We receive income primarily from rental revenue from our properties. The amount of rental revenue generated by the Company Portfolio depends principally on the occupancy levels and lease rates at our properties, our ability to lease currently available space and space that becomes available as a result of lease expirations and on the rental rates at our properties. As of March 31, 2020, the Company Portfolio was approximately 96.3% occupied. Our occupancy rate is impacted by general market conditions in the geographic areas which our properties are located and the financial condition of tenants in our target markets.

Scheduled Lease Expirations

Our ability to re-lease space subject to expiring leases will impact our results of operations and will be affected by economic and competitive conditions in the markets in which we operate and by the desirability of our individual properties. During the period from April 1, 2020 through to December 31, 2022, an aggregate of 40.2% of the annualized base rent leases in the Company Portfolio are scheduled to expire, which we believe will provide us an opportunity to adjust below market rates as market conditions continue to improve.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, leases for space totaling 558,916 square feet (2.8% of the Company Portfolio) either was subject to renewal or expired. Of this space 105,582 was renewed (18.9%), 210,710 square feet was leased to new tenants that commenced during the quarter (37.7%) and 242,624 square feet went vacant. Additionally, 76,175 square feet of previously vacant square feet was leased to new tenants that commenced during the quarter. As of March 31, 2020, the vacancy rate of the Company Portfolio was 3.7%.

During the year ended December 31, 2019 and three months ended March 31, 2020, lease negotiation efforts resulted in 67 leases commencing with durations in excess of six months encompassing 2,755,422 square feet and 4 leases commencing with a duration of less than 6 months encompassing 447,400 square feet. Renewed leases made up 53.9% of the square footage covered by the 67 leases in excess of 6 months, and the rent under the renewed leases increased an average of 7.4% over the prior leases. Leases to new tenants comprised the other 46.1% of the square footage covered by the 67 leases in excess of 6 months, and the rent under the new leases increased an average of 22.2% over the prior leases. The rental rates under all of the 67 leases in excess of 6 months entered into during 2019 and 2020, increased by an average of 12.8% over the rates of the prior leases.

The table below reflects certain data about our new and renewed leases with terms of greater than six months executed in the year ended December 31, 2019 and the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Conditions in Our Markets

The Company Portfolio is located primarily in various secondary markets in the eastern half of the U.S. Positive or negative changes in economic or other conditions, adverse weather conditions and natural disasters in these markets are likely to affect our overall performance.

Property Expenses

Our rental expenses generally consist of utilities, real estate taxes, insurance and site repair and maintenance costs. For the majority of the Company Portfolio, property expenses are controlled, in part, by either the triple net provisions or modified gross lease expense reimbursement provisions in tenant leases. However, the terms of our tenant leases vary and in some instances the leases may provide that we are responsible for certain property expenses. Accordingly, our overall financial results will be impacted by the extent to which we are able to pass-through property expenses to our tenants.

General and Administrative Expenses

We expect to incur increased general and administrative expenses, including legal, accounting and other expenses related to corporate governance and public reporting and compliance. In addition, we anticipate that our staffing levels will increase from current levels as of March 31, 2020 during the subsequent 12 to 24 months and, as a result, our general and administrative expenses will increase further.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes significant estimates regarding the allocation of tangible and intangible assets or business acquisitions, impairments of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation and its common stock warrants liability. These estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. Management adjusts such estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, there were no material changes to our critical accounting policies. Our critical accounting policies are described under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2020 and the notes to the financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We believe that the following critical accounting policies involve the most judgment and complexity:

Accordingly, we believe the policies set forth in our 2019 10-K are critical to fully understand and evaluate our financial condition and results of operations. If actual results or events differ materially from the estimates, judgments and assumptions used by us in applying these policies, our reported financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected. 

Update on Dividend Policy

Given the Company’s continued focus on its balance sheet and liquidity position, our Board of Directors anticipates revising the common stock dividend policy to adjust the quarterly dividend, if declared, to $0.20 per diluted share, or an annualized rate of $0.80 per diluted share, effective with the second quarter dividend expected to be declared in June 2020. The Board of Directors and management will continue to assess the Company’s common stock dividend policy in light of the uncertainty resulting from COVID-19 and the requirements to maintain the Company’s REIT compliance.  Accordingly, there can be no assurances as to the timing or amount of dividends for the second quarter or future periods.

Results of Operations (amounts in thousands)

Our consolidated results of operations are often not comparable from period to period due to the effect of property acquisitions and dispositions completed during the comparative reporting periods. Our Total Portfolio represents all of the properties owned during the reported periods. To eliminate the effect of changes in our Total Portfolio due to acquisitions and dispositions and to highlight the operating results of our on-going business, we have separately presented the results of our Same Properties Portfolio and Acquisitions/Dispositions.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, we define the Same Store Portfolio as a subset of our Total Portfolio and includes properties that were wholly-owned by us for the entire period presented. We define Acquisitions/Dispositions as any properties that were acquired or sold during the period from January 1, 2019 through March 31, 2020.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Compared to March 31, 2019

The following table summarizes the results of operations for our Same Store Portfolio, our acquisitions and dispositions and total portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):

Rental revenue: Rental revenue increased by approximately $9,567 to $26,229 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to $16,662 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was primarily related to an increase in rental revenue from acquisitions of $8,746, and, an increase of $821 from same store properties primarily from an increase in rent income of $576 due to scheduled rent steps and leasing activities and an increase of $265 in tenant reimbursements, offset by a decrease in non-cash rent adjustments of $20 for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Property expenses:  Property expenses increased $2,749 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 to $9,011 as compared to $6,262 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to an increase in expenses related to acquisitions of $2,944. Property expenses for the same store properties decreased approximately $195 primarily due to decreases in utility and operating expenses.

Depreciation and amortization: Depreciation and amortization expense increased by approximately $5,665 to approximately $14,097 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to $8,432 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to an increase from acquisitions of $5,524 and an increase of $141 for the same store properties.

General and administrative: General and administrative expenses increased approximately $876 to $2,522 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as compared to $1,646 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase is attributable primarily to increased professional fees of $317 due to compliance, increased compensation expense of $250 due to increased head count, an increase in non-cash stock compensation of $61 and an increase of $101 due to non-cash rent expense.

Interest expense: Interest expense increased by approximately $1,029 to $4,871 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to $3,842 for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase is primarily due to additional borrowings associated with our acquisition activity. The schedule below is a comparative analysis of the components of interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Change in fair value of warrant derivative: Change in fair value of warrant derivative represents the change in the fair market value of our common stock warrants. The fair value of warrant derivative adjustment of $79 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was due to an increase in the common stock warrant liability during the first quarter of 2019. There was no adjustment to the fair value of the warrant derivative during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures (dollars in thousands)

In this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, we disclose NOI, EBITDAre, FFO and AFFO, each of which meet the definition of “non-GAAP financial measure” set forth in Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC. As a result, we are required to include in this report a statement of why management believes that presentation of these measures provides useful information to investors.

None of NOI, EBITDAre, FFO or AFFO should be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of our performance, and we believe that to understand our performance further NOI, EBITDAre, FFO, and AFFO should be compared with our reported net income or net loss and considered in addition to cash flows in accordance with GAAP, as presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

NOI

We consider net operating income, or NOI, to be an appropriate supplemental measure to net income in that it helps both investors and management understand the core operations of our properties. We define NOI as total revenue (including rental revenue, tenant reimbursements, and other income) less property-level operating expenses. NOI excludes depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses, impairments, gain/loss on sale of real estate, interest expense, and other non-operating items.

The following is a reconciliation from historical reported net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to NOI:

EBITDAre

We define earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization for real estate in accordance with the standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”). EBITDAre represents net income (loss), computed in accordance with GAAP, before interest expense, tax, depreciation and amortization, gains or losses on the sale of rental property, and loss on impairments. We believe that EBITDAre is helpful to investors as a supplemental measure of our operating performance as a real estate company as it is a direct measure of the actual operating results of our industrial properties. The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our historical net loss to EBITDAre for the periods presented:

FFO

Funds from operations, or FFO, is a non-GAAP financial measure that is widely recognized as a measure of REIT operating performance. We consider FFO to be an appropriate supplemental measure of our operating performance as it is based on a net income analysis of property portfolio performance that excludes non-cash items such as depreciation. The historical accounting convention used for real estate assets requires straight-line depreciation of buildings and improvements, which implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values rise and fall with market conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT, using historical accounting for depreciation, could be less informative. In December 2018, NAREIT issued a white paper restating the definition of FFO. The purpose of the restatement was not to change the fundamental definition of FFO, but to clarify existing NAREIT guidance. The restated definition of FFO is as follows: Net Income (calculated in accordance with GAAP), excluding: (i) Depreciation and amortization related to real estate, (ii) Gains and losses from the sale of certain real estate assets, (iii) Gain and losses from change in control, and (iv) Impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets and investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity. This restated definition does not give reference to the add back of loss on extinguishment of debt. Commencing on January 1, 2019, we adopted the restated definition of NAREIT FFO on a prospective basis and exclude the add back of loss on debt extinguishment.

We define FFO, consistent with the NAREIT definition. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures will be calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis. Other equity REITs may not calculate FFO as we do, and, accordingly, our FFO may not be comparable to such other REITs’ FFO. FFO should not be used as a measure of our liquidity, and is not indicative of funds available for our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends. FFO attributable to common stockholders and unit holders represents FFO reduced by dividends paid (or declared) to holders of our preferred stock.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our historical net loss to FFO attributable to common stockholders and unit holders for the periods presented:

AFFO

Adjusted funds from operations, or AFFO, is presented in addition to FFO. AFFO is defined as FFO, excluding certain non-cash operating revenues and expenses, acquisition and transaction related costs for transactions not completed and recurring capitalized expenditures. Recurring capitalized expenditures include expenditures required to maintain and re-tenant our properties, tenant improvements and leasing commissions. AFFO further adjusts FFO for certain other non-cash items, including the amortization or accretion of above or below market rents included in revenues, straight line rent adjustments, impairment losses, non-cash equity compensation and non-cash interest expense.

We believe AFFO provides a useful supplemental measure of our operating performance because it provides a consistent comparison of our operating performance across time periods that is comparable for each type of real estate investment and is consistent with management’s analysis of the operating performance of our properties. As a result, we believe that the use of AFFO, together with the required GAAP presentations, provide a more complete understanding of our operating performance.

As with FFO, our reported AFFO may not be comparable to other REITs’ AFFO, should not be used as a measure of our liquidity, and is not indicative of our funds available for our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends.

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of FFO attributable to common stockholders and unit holders to AFFO.

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Cash Flow (dollars in thousands)

A summary of our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

Operating activities: Net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased approximately $5,879 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to incremental operating cash flows from acquisitions completed between Q2 2019 and Q1 2020 and same store properties.

Investing activities: Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased approximately $84,000 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 primarily due to property acquisitions completed during the first three months in 2020 totaling $88,996 as opposed to $5,516 during the first three months of 2019 and an increase in capital expenditures as a result of our expanded portfolio totaling $520.

Financing activities: Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased $98,301 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The change was predominantly driven by an increase of $6,299 in net proceeds from the issuance of common stock, an increase of $95,462 in net proceeds from secured debt and the line of credit, offset by an increase of $4,307 in dividends paid.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We intend to make reserve allocations as necessary to aid our objective of preserving capital for our investors by supporting the maintenance and viability of our properties we acquire in the future. If reserves and any other available income become insufficient to cover our operating expenses and liabilities, it may be necessary to obtain additional funds by borrowing, refinancing properties or liquidating our investments.

Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds to pay for operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our properties, including:

In addition, we will require funds for future dividends required to be paid on our Series A and Series B Preferred Stock.

We intend to satisfy our short-term liquidity requirements through our existing cash, cash flow from operating activities and the net proceeds of any potential future offerings.

Our long-term liquidity needs consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for acquisitions, recurring and non-recurring capital expenditures and scheduled debt maturities. We intend to satisfy our long-term liquidity needs through cash flow from operations, long-term secured and unsecured borrowings, future issuances of equity and debt securities, property dispositions and joint venture transactions, and, in connection with acquisitions of additional properties, the issuance of OP units.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has created social and economic uncertainty for the Company, its tenants and stakeholders. Given the unprecedented nature of the pandemic, coupled with external factors that are outside the control of the Company, the extent of such impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic is dependent on various future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be readily predicted. The Company has undertaken steps to mitigate potential liquidity constraints resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, including the evaluation and potential of delayed non-essential capital and operating expenditures that do not impact the safety or ability to lease and/or renew space, and we have accessed capital available under our revolving line of credit and the KeyBank Term Loan. The Company anticipates it will have sufficient liquidity and access to capital resources to meet its current obligations and to meet any scheduled debt maturities.

Existing Indebtedness as of March 31, 2020

The following is a schedule of our indebtedness as of March 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

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Stock Issuances

Universal Shelf S-3 Registration Statement

The Company has approximately $327,125 available for issuance under its Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on July 30, 2018 with the SEC. The registration statement allows the Company to offer debt or equity securities (or a combination thereof) from time to time.

ATM Program

On August 24, 2018, the Company filed a prospectus supplement to its registration statement on Form S-3, which enabled the Company, at its discretion from time to time, to sell up to $50,000 worth of shares of its common stock by way of an “at-the-market” offering (the “Prior ATM program”).

On February 27, 2020, the Company entered into a distribution agreement with KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Barclays Capital Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities, LLC, Capital One Securities, Inc., Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, BMO Capital Markets Corp., D.A. Davidson & Co. and National Securities Corporation pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock, with aggregate gross sales proceeds of up to $100,000, through an “at-the-market” equity offering program. (the “$100 Million ATM Program”). All $50,000 of common shares available under the Prior ATM Program were issued prior to establishing the $100 Million ATM Program.

For the three months ending March 31, 2020, the Company has issued 593,705 shares of its common stock under both ATM programs for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $10,814. The Company has approximately $99,163 available for issuance under the $100 Million ATM program.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Inflation

The majority of our leases are either triple net or provide for tenant reimbursement for costs related to real estate taxes and operating expenses. In addition, most of the leases provide for fixed rent increases. We believe that inflationary increases may be at least partially offset by the contractual rent increases and tenant payment of taxes and expenses described above. We do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our historical financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK (amounts in thousands)

We are exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates. Interest rate exposure relates primarily to the effect of interest rate changes on borrowings outstanding under our Line of Credit Agreement, which bear interest at a variable rate.

At March 31, 2020, we had $180,100 of outstanding variable rate debt, which was subject to a weighted average interest rate of 3.74% during the three months ended March 31, 2020. Based on the variable rate borrowings outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2020, we estimate that had the average interest rate on our weighted average borrowings increased by 100 basis points for the three months ended March 31, 2020, our interest expense for the quarter would have increased by approximately $319. This estimate assumes the interest rate of each borrowing is raised by 100 basis points. The impact on future interest expense as a result of future changes in interest rates will depend largely on the gross amount of our borrowings at that time.

Interest Rate Risk (amounts in thousands)

ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging requires us to recognize all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not hedges must be adjusted to fair value and the changes in fair value must be reflected as income or expense. If the derivative is a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of derivatives are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities, or firm commitments through earnings or recognized in other comprehensive income, which is a component of stockholders’ equity. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is immediately recognized in earnings. As of March 31, 2020, the Company has no derivative or hedging contracts.

No assurance can be given that any future hedging activities by us will have the desired beneficial effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management has evaluated, under supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2020. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that for the period ending March 31, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting or in other factors during the quarter ended March 31, 2020, that have materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The nature of our business exposes our properties, us and our Operating Partnership to the risk of claims and litigation in the normal course of business. Other than routine litigation arising out of the ordinary course of business, we are not presently subject to any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following risk factor reflects an addition to the risk factors contained in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on February 27, 2020.

Our business and those of our tenants may be adversely affected by epidemics, pandemics or other outbreaks.

Epidemics, pandemics or other outbreaks of an illness, disease or virus (including COVID-19) that affect countries or regions in which our tenants and their parent companies operate or in which our properties are located, and actions taken to contain or prevent their further spread, may have a material and adverse impact on general commercial activity, the financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and creditworthiness of our tenants and our ability to lease properties on favorable terms. In particular, the businesses of certain of our tenants depend in large part on customer traffic, and conditions that lead to a decline in customer traffic have had, and are likely to continue to have, a material and adverse impact on those businesses. Epidemics, pandemics or other outbreaks of an illness, disease or virus could also cause our employees and those of our tenants, vendors or other business on which we rely to avoid reporting for work at their respective places of employment, which could adversely affect our ability and their respective abilities to adequately manage our and their respective businesses. Risks related to epidemics, pandemics or other outbreaks of an illness, disease or virus could also lead to the complete or partial closure of one or more of our tenants’ manufacturing facilities or distribution centers, temporary or long-term disruption in our tenants’ supply chains from local and international suppliers and/or delays in the delivery of our tenants’ inventory. Such events could adversely impact our tenants’ sales and/or cause the temporary closure of our tenants’ businesses, which could severely disrupt their operations and the rental revenue we generate from our leases with them. In addition, risks related to epidemics, pandemics or other outbreaks of an illness, disease or virus have adversely affected, and will likely continue to adversely affect, the economies in impacted countries, including the United States, and the global financial markets, including the global debt and equity capital markets, which have begun (and may continue) to experience significant volatility, potentially leading to a lengthy economic downturn that could adversely affect our and our tenants’ respective businesses, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects. The ultimate extent of the impact of any epidemic, pandemic or other outbreak of an illness, disease or virus on our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity of such epidemics, pandemics or other outbreaks of an illness, disease or virus and actions taken to contain or prevent their further spread, among others. These and other potential impacts of epidemics, pandemics or other outbreaks of an illness, disease or virus could therefore materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on our behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.

PLYMOUTH INDUSTRIAL REIT, INC.

By: /s/ Jeffrey E. Witherell

Jeffrey E. Witherell,

Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors

By: /s/ Daniel C. Wright

Daniel Wright,

Chief Financial Officer

Dated: May 7, 2020