Power REIT - Annual Report: 2013 (Form 10-K)

pw_10k.htm

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013

Commission File Number: 000-54560

POWER REIT

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland		45-3116572
(State of organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

301 Winding Road, Old Bethpage, NY 11804

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (212) 750-0373

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Name of each exchange on which registered
Shares of Beneficial Interest, $0.001 par value		NYSE MKT
7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, Liquidation Preference $25 per Share		NYSE MKT

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.Yes o No þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.Yes o No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirement for the past 90 days.

Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.

Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer Smaller reporting company þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).

Yes o No þ

The aggregate market value of the voting common equity of the Registrant held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2013, the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $12,706,000, computed by reference to the closing price of the Registrant’s shares of beneficial interest (“common shares” or “common stock”) on June 28, 2013. For purposes of this calculation, common shares held by persons who hold more than 5% of the outstanding shares and shares held by executive officers and trustees have been excluded. This is not a determination of affiliate or executive officer status for any other purpose. The Registrant has no non-voting common equity.

As of March 24, 2014, there were 1,676,955 common shares outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Part III of this annual report on Form 10-K incorporates by reference information in Registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC” or the “Commission”) within 120 days after December 31, 2013.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

POWER REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Part II	Item 1.	Business	4
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	6
	Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	21
	Item 2.	Properties	21
	Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	22
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	24
Part II	Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	24
	Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	25
	Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
	Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	29
	Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	30
	Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	30
	Item 9A.	Controls And Procedures	30
	Item 9B.	Other Information	31
Part III	Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	31
	Item 11.	Executive Compensation	31
	Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	31
	Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	31
	Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	31
Part iV	Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	32
	SIGNATURES		34

PART I

Item 1. Business.

Power REIT (the “Registrant” or the “Trust”, and together with its consolidated subsidiaries, “we”, “us”, the “Company” or “Power REIT”, unless the context requires otherwise) is a Maryland-domiciled real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) that holds, develops, acquires and manages real estate assets related to transportation and energy infrastructure in the United States. Within the transportation and energy infrastructure sectors, Power REIT is focused on making new acquisitions of real estate that are or will be leased to renewable energy generation projects, such as utility-scale solar farms and wind farms, that have low or minimal technology risk.

As of December 31, 2013, the Company’s assets consisted of approximately 112 miles of railroad infrastructure and related real estate leased to a railway company; approximately 54 acres of fee simple land leased to a 5.7MW solar farm in Massachusetts; and approximately 100 acres of fee simple land leased to a number of California solar farms with an aggregate generating capacity of approximately 20MW. Power REIT is actively seeking to expand its portfolio of real estate related to renewable energy generation projects, and is pursuing investment opportunities that qualify for REIT ownership within solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, transmission and other infrastructure projects.

Power REIT is structured as a holding company and owns its assets through three wholly-owned, special purpose subsidiaries that have been formed in order to hold real estate assets and generate lease revenue. The Company’s railroad infrastructure and related real estate assets are held by its subsidiary Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad (“P&WV”), its Massachusetts solar farm-related real estate is owned by subsidiary PW Salisbury Solar, LLC (“PWSS”) and its California solar farm-related real estate is owned by subsidiary PW Tulare Solar, LLC (“PWTS”).

P&WV is a business trust organized under the laws of Pennsylvania for the purpose of owning railroad assets that are currently leased to Norfolk Southern Railway (“NSC”) pursuant to a 99-year lease that became effective in 1964 and is subject to an unlimited number of 99-year renewal periods under the same terms and conditions, including annual rent payments, at the option of NSC (the “Railroad Lease”). P&WV’s assets consist of a railroad line of approximately 112 miles in length, extending through Connellsville, Washington and Allegheny Counties in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, through Brooke County in the State of West Virginia and through Jefferson and Harrison Counties in the State of Ohio, to Pittsburgh Junction in Harrison County, Ohio. There are also branch lines that total approximately 20 miles in length located in Washington and Allegheny Counties in Pennsylvania and Brooke County in West Virginia. NSC pays P&WV base cash rent of $915,000 per year, payable in quarterly installments. In addition, we believe NSC is responsible for additional rent, which is currently the subject of litigation. See Item 3, Legal Proceedings.

PWSS is a Massachusetts limited liability company that owns approximately 54 acres of land located in Salisbury, Massachusetts that is leased to a 5.7 MW operational solar farm. Pursuant to the lease agreement, PWSS’ tenant is required to pay PWSS rent of $80,800 cash for the year December 1, 2012 to November 30, 2013, with a 1.0% escalation in each corresponding year thereafter. Rent for the year December 1, 2013 to November 30, 2014 is $81,608. Rent is payable quarterly in advance and is recorded by Power REIT for accounting purposes on a straight-line basis, with $89,494 having been recorded during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013. At the end of the 22-year lease period, which commenced on December 1, 2011 (prior to being assumed by PWSS), the tenant has certain renewal options, with terms to be mutually agreed upon.

PWTS is a California limited liability company that owns approximately 100 acres of land leased to a number of solar farms, with an aggregate generating capacity of approximately 20MW, located near Fresno, California. PWTS’s interest was structured to provide it with initial monthly rent payments from the seller of the land, until the solar farm tenants achieved commercial operations. As of the date of filing of this document, all the solar farm tenants have achieved commercial operations. Consequently, the solar farm tenants are currently obligated to pay PWTS an aggregate annual rent of $157,500 cash, payable in advance and without escalation during the 25-year term of the leases. At the end of the 25- year term, which commenced in March 2013 (prior to being assumed by PWTS), the tenants have certain renewal options, with terms to be mutually agreed upon. PWTS received $39,400 in rent during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013.

The Company’s revenue is highly concentrated, with lease payments from the lessee of P&WV’s assets representing approximately 88% of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Mr. David H. Lesser serves as a member and Chairman of our Board of Trustees. He also serves as our Chief Executive Officer, Secretary and Treasurer. Currently, Power REIT has no other employees. A third-party shareholder services company provides transfer agent services. In recent years, certain business development, accounting and other general administrative services were provided through a consulting agreement with Caravan Partners, LLC, an affiliate of Mr. Arun Mittal, and Mr. Mittal also served as our Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer. As previously announced, Mr. Mittal no longer works with the Company. As Power REIT’s business grows, the Company will from time to time evaluate its staffing and third party service provision needs and adjust its staffing and third party service arrangements as necessary.

Power REIT was formed as part of a reorganization and reverse triangular merger of P&WV that closed on December 2, 2011. P&WV survived the reorganization as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Registrant.

Power REIT has elected to be treated for tax purposes as a REIT, which means that it is exempt from U.S. federal income tax if a sufficient portion of its annual taxable income is distributed to its shareholders, and if certain other requirements are met. In order for Power REIT to maintain its REIT qualification, at least 90% of its ordinary taxable annual income must be distributed to shareholders.

On January 21, 2014, Power REIT announced that it had executed a term sheet with a large developer of renewable energy projects, pursuant to which Power REIT would acquire the real property on which a substantial solar power generation project is under development. If the project goes forward, Power REIT’s investment is anticipated to be approximately $9.5 million.

On March 18, 2014, Power REIT announced that it had closed on the sale to investors of approximately $2.5 million of its 7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, Liquidation Preference $25 per Share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”). Power REIT has been offering up to 175,000 shares of the Series A Preferred Stock on a continuous basis pursuant to a public offering prospectus supplement dated January 23, 2014 and an accompanying prospectus. The offering of Series A Preferred Stock is continuing. The Series A Preferred Stock is the first issuance by Power REIT of equity securities other than its common shares. The Series A Preferred Stock ranks, as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, senior to our common shares.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

An investment in Power REIT’s securities involves significant risks. Anyone who is making an investment decision regarding Power REIT’s securities should, before making that decision, carefully consider the following risk factors, together with all of the other information included in, or incorporated by reference into, this document. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and future performance. If any of the circumstances contemplated in the following risk factors were to occur, Power REIT’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could all be materially adversely affected. In any such case, you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to our Operations

Our business strategy includes growth plans. Our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected if we fail to grow or fail to manage our growth or investments effectively.

Power REIT is pursuing a growth strategy focused on infrastructure properties that qualify as real estate for REIT purposes. Our prospects must be considered in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties frequently encountered by companies in significant growth stages of development. General and administrative expenses, including expenses related to tax, legal and audit have been high and are expected to continue to be high, due to the complex organization of Power REIT, expenses related to growth and our litigation matter more fully discussed below in this Risk Factors section and in Item 3, Legal Proceedings. We cannot assure you that we will be able to expand our market presence in our existing markets or successfully enter new markets or that any such expansion will not adversely affect our results of operations. Failure to manage potential transactions to successful conclusions, or failure more generally to manage our growth effectively, could have a material adverse effect on our business, future prospects, financial condition or results of operations and could adversely affect our ability to successfully implement our business strategy or pay dividends.

Even if we are able to execute our business strategy, that strategy may not be successful.

Even if the Company is able to expand its business as it intends, its investments may not be successful due to a variety of factors, including but not limited to asset under-performance, higher than forecast expenses, failure or delinquency on the part of the Company’s lessees, changes in market conditions or other factors, any of which may result in lower returns than expected and may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and ability to pay dividends.

We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities and we may be unable to identify and complete acquisitions of real property assets.

We compete with public and private funds, commercial and investment banks, commercial financing companies and public and private REITs to make the types of investments that we plan to make in the U.S. infrastructure sector. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than us. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are currently not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, allowing them to pay higher consideration, consider a wider variety of investments and establish more effective relationships than us. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the restrictions that our REIT status imposes on us. These competitive conditions could adversely affect our ability to make investments in the infrastructure sector and could adversely affect our distributions to stockholders. Moreover, our ability to close transactions will be subject to our ability to access financing within stipulated contractual time frames, and there is no assurance that we will have access to such financing on terms that are favorable to us, if at all.

Because we expect to distribute substantially all of our taxable income to our stockholders or lenders, we will continue to need additional capital to make new investments. If additional funds are unavailable or not available on favorable terms, our ability to make new investments will be impaired.

Because we plan to distribute substantially all of our taxable income to our shareholders or lenders, our business will from time to time require substantial amounts of new capital if we are to achieve our growth plans. We may acquire additional capital from the issuance of securities senior to our common shares, including additional borrowings or other indebtedness, preferred shares (such as our Series A Preferred Stock, which we have recently begun issuing) or the issuance of other securities. We may also acquire additional capital through the issuance of additional common shares. However, we may not be able to raise additional capital in the future, on favorable terms or at all. Unfavorable business, market or general economic conditions could increase our funding costs, limit our access to capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us.

To the extent we issue debt securities, other instruments of indebtedness or additional preferred stock, or borrow additional money from banks or other financial institutions, we will be additionally exposed to risks associated with leverage, including increased risk of loss. If we issue additional preferred securities that rank senior to our common shares in our capital structure, the holders of such preferred securities may have separate voting rights and other rights, preferences or privileges, economic and otherwise, more favorable than those of our common shares, and the issuance of such preferred securities could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for common shareholders.

Any inability to access additional financing on terms that are favorable to us may adversely affect our ability to grow and our business generally.

The Company’s investment portfolio is, and in the future may continue to be, concentrated in its exposure to a relatively few number of investments, industries and lessees.

As of December 31, 2013, the Company had three investments, consisting of its ownership of its three wholly-owned subsidiaries: P&WV, PWSS and PWTS. Payments from NSC to P&WV under the Railroad Lease represented approximately 88% and 100% of Power REIT’s consolidated revenues in 2013 and 2012, respectively. As the Company grows, its portfolio will likely still remain concentrated in a limited number of investments for a substantial period of time.

The Company is exposed to risks inherent in this sort of investment concentration. Financial difficulty or poor business performance on the part of any single lessee or a default on any single lease will expose the Company to a greater risk of loss than would be the case if the Company were more diversified and holding numerous investments, and the underperformance or non-performance of any of its assets may severely adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results from operations. The Company’s lessees could seek the protection of bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws, which could result in the rejection and termination of our lease agreements and could cause a reduction in the Company’s cash flows. Furthermore, the Company intends to concentrate its investment activities in the infrastructure sector, including energy and transportation, which will subject the Company to more risks than if the Company were diversified across many sectors. At times, the performance of the infrastructure sector may lag the performance of other sectors or the broader market as a whole.

In addition, as more fully discussed below in this Risk Factors section and in Item 3, Legal Proceedings, P&WV and Power REIT are currently in litigation with P&WV’s lessee, NSC, and NSC’s sub-lessee. The future outcome of this litigation is uncertain. An unfavorable outcome could adversely affect the Company’s business.

The Registrant and P&WV are in litigation with NSC, the lessee of P&WV’s assets, and with NSC’s sub-lessee. The litigation involves various risks.

As previously disclosed in our public filings with the SEC, the Registrant and its wholly-owned subsidiary P&WV are in litigation with NSC and NSC’s sub-lessee, Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad (“WLE” and, together with NSC, the “Litigants”). The case is pending in Federal trial court in Pittsburgh (the “Court”). The Litigants initiated the litigation against the Registrant and P&WV in December 2011, seeking, among other things, a declaratory judgment that NSC was not in default under the 99-year Railroad Lease that NSC had entered into with P&WV in the 1960s. P&WV, as lessor, has asserted counterclaims, seeking determinations that NSC is in default under the Railroad Lease for, among other things, failing to reimburse P&WV for certain legal fees incurred by P&WV, failing to permit P&WV to inspect NSC’s books and records as called for under the terms of the Railroad Lease and failing to pay other amounts that P&WV believes are due and owing. P&WV also seeks declarations from the Court (i) that NSC’s obligation to repay the indebtedness owed under the Railroad Lease is not indefinite in duration, and (ii) that the indebtedness owed to P&WV is due on demand with interest. See “Legal Proceedings” under Item 3 for a further discussion of the litigation.

The litigation involves various risks. The Registrant or P&WV might not prevail on issues or claims that they believe they should win. In addition, in connection with the litigation, P&WV incurred expenses of approximately $885,000 during the year ended December 31, 2013, and $700,000 during the year ended December 31, 2012. P&WV believes that the costs associated with the litigation are reimbursable by NSC under the Railroad Lease, but NSC has refused to pay such amounts. As of December 31, 2013, P&WV had incurred a total of approximately $1,600,000 of expenses related to the litigation, of which approximately $1,326,000 had been paid and approximately $274,000 was payable. There can be no assurance that P&WV will prevail in collecting its litigation expenses from NSC.

Furthermore, the litigation constitutes a dispute with the Power REIT group’s highest-paying lessee. As of the fourth quarter of 2013, NSC has continued to make its quarterly base rental payments ($228,750 per quarter), despite the pendency of the litigation. However, there can be no assurance that NSC will continue to make its base rental payments.

Moreover, the Litigants have alleged that the Registrant is a successor in interest in respect of the Railroad Lease. If that allegation were to be decided against us in a fact-finding stage of the litigation, it could lead to liability, expenses or other adverse effects, including to the extent the Registrant has issued stock or engaged in certain other financing activities without the prior written consent of the lessee. This is because, under the terms of the Railroad Lease, the “lessor” may not (subject to certain exceptions) borrow money, issue debt or stock or engage in certain other financing without the prior written consent of the lessee (which, pursuant to the Railroad Lease, may not be unreasonably withheld). We believe that the Registrant is not the “lessor” under the Railroad Lease and is not constrained by any of the Railroad Lease restrictions. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that the Registrant and P&WV will prevail in any determination on the merits of the Litigants’ allegation.

In addition to the foregoing risks, the perception of the litigation in the market or to Power REIT’s prospective business or finance counterparties, whether or not accurate, could make it harder for us to source investment opportunities or obtain debt or equity financing on terms that would otherwise be available, which in turn could constrain Power REIT’s ability to expand its asset base, diversify its investments and grow and improve its business.

We believe we have sufficient liquidity and access to financing to fund the litigation discussed above and our other operations and expansion plans. However, if this were not to be the case, our business could be disrupted. We temporarily suspended dividend payments starting with the second quarter of 2013, until the ongoing costs of the litigation diminish. In order to fund the litigation, we could be required to continue this suspension for a substantial amount of time, or reduce other cash outflows, or forego investment opportunities. Any such development could adversely affect our business and our share prices.

We may incur additional indebtedness, which may adversely affect our financial condition and limit our ability to pay dividends.

Our governing documents do not limit us from incurring additional indebtedness and other liabilities. As of December 31, 2013, we and our subsidiaries had approximately $2.9 million of indebtedness and other liabilities, a substantial portion of which is secured. We may incur additional indebtedness and become more highly leveraged, which could harm our financial condition and potentially limit our ability to pay dividends.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to pay dividends regularly.

Our ability to pay dividends is dependent on our available cash, our ability to operate profitably and our ability to generate sufficient cash from our operations and distribute them up from our subsidiaries. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to pay dividends on a regular basis.

If our acquisitions or our overall business performance fail to meet expectations, the amount of cash available to us to pay dividends may decrease.

We may not be able to achieve operating results that will allow us to pay dividends at a specific level or to increase the amount of these dividends from time to time. Also, restrictions and provisions in any credit facilities we enter into or any debt securities we issue may limit our ability to pay dividends. We cannot assure you that you will receive dividends at a particular time, or at a particular level, or at all.

The issuance of securities with claims that are senior to those of the common shares of the Company, including the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock, may limit or prevent the Company from paying dividends on its common shares. There is no limitation on the Company’s ability to issue securities senior to the Company’s common shares or incur indebtedness.

The Company’s common shares are equity interests that rank junior to the Company’s indebtedness and other non-equity claims with respect to assets available to satisfy claims against the Company, and junior to preferred securities of the Company that by their terms rank senior to common shares in the Company’s capital structure, including the Series A Preferred Stock. The Company has incurred debt in connection with its Massachusetts and California real estate acquisitions, and has as of the date of filing this document issued approximately $2.5 million of its Series A Preferred Stock. This debt and these preferred securities rank senior to the Company’s common shares in the Company’s capital structure. The Company expects that in due course it may incur more debt, and issue additional preferred securities, as it pursues its business strategy.

In the case of indebtedness, specified amounts of principal and interest are customarily payable on specified due dates. In the case of preferred securities, such as the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock, holders are provided with a senior claim to distributions, according to the specific terms of the securities. In contrast, however, in the case of common shares, dividends are payable only when, as and if declared by the Company’s Board of Trustees and depend on, among other things, the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, debt service requirements, obligations to pay distributions to holders of preferred securities, such as the Series A Preferred Stock, other cash needs and any other factors that the Board of Trustees may deem relevant or that they are required to consider as a matter of law. The incurrence by the Company of additional debt, and the issuance by the Company of additional preferred securities, may limit or eliminate the amounts available to the Company to pay dividends on its common shares.

Our ability to pay dividends is limited by the Maryland law.

Our ability to pay dividends is limited by the laws of Maryland. Under applicable Maryland law, a Maryland real estate investment trust generally may not make a distribution if, after giving effect to the distribution, the entity would not be able to pay its debts as those debts come due in the usual course of business, or the entity’s total assets would be less than the sum of its total liabilities plus (unless the entity’s charter provides otherwise) the amount that would be needed if the entity were dissolved at the time of the distribution to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of stockholders whose preferential rights are superior to those receiving the distribution. Accordingly, we may not be able to make a distribution on our common shares or Series A Preferred Stock if, after giving effect to the distribution, we would not be able to pay our debts as they come due in the usual course of business or (in the case of our common shares) our total assets would be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus the amount that would be needed to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, or (in the case of our Series A Preferred Stock), our total assets would be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus the amount that would be needed to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of the holders of any outstanding securities with rights or preferences senior to those of the Series A Preferred Stock.

The ability of the Registrant to service its obligations and pay dividends depends on the ability of its wholly-owned subsidiaries to make distributions to it.

Because the Registrant holds its assets through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, its ability to service its debt and other obligations, and to pay dividends on its preferred and common shares, is dependent upon the earnings of those subsidiaries and their ability to make distributions to the Registrant. To the extent any of the Registrant’s subsidiaries are ever unable, through operation of law or otherwise, to make distributions to the Registrant, and as a result the Registrant is unable to service its debt or other obligations or pay dividends, our business and the prices of our securities may be adversely affected. In addition, in such circumstances, the Registrant may be forced to issue additional equity or debt, at unfavorable terms, in order to have the cash on hand with which to maintain its compliance with Internal Revenue Service rules that require the Registrant to distribute 90% of its taxable income to its shareholders or lose its REIT status. Or, if such equity or debt funding is unavailable, the Registrant may lose its REIT status.

We are dependent upon Mr. David H. Lesser for our success. On occasion, his interests may conflict with ours.

We are dependent on the diligence, expertise and business relationships of our management team to implement our strategy of acquiring and benefitting from the ownership of infrastructure-related real property assets. This is particularly true at the current time, when we have only a single individual, David Lesser, comprising our management team. Were Mr. Lesser unable to function on behalf of the Company, including in his roles as CEO and Chairman, the Company’s business and prospects would be adversely affected. Moreover, Mr. Lesser has other business interests to which he dedicates a portion of his time that are unrelated to Power REIT. Although Mr. Lesser is one of our major shareholders, on occasion, those other interests of his may conflict with his interests in Power REIT, and such conflicts may be unfavorable to us.

In addition, on occasion, Mr. Lesser may have financial interests that conflict, or appear to conflict, with the Company’s interests. For example, an affiliate of Mr. Lesser’s has provided bridge funding for two of the Company’s acquisitions. Although a majority of our disinterested trustees must approve, and in those instances did approve, Power REIT’s involvement in such transactions, in any such circumstance, there may be conflicts of interest between Power REIT on one hand, and Mr. Lesser and his affiliates and interests on the other hand, and such conflicts may be unfavorable to us.

From time to time, our management team may own interests in our lessees or other counterparties, and may thereby have interests that conflict or appear to conflict with the Company’s interests.

On occasion, our management team may own interests in our lessees or other counterparties. Although our Declaration of Trust, as amended, restated and supplemented (and which we occasionally refer to herein as our “charter”) permits this type of business relationship and a majority of our disinterested trustees must approve any such transaction, in any such circumstance, there may be conflicts of interest between Power REIT on one hand, and the relevant member or members of our management team on the other hand, and these conflicts may be unfavorable to us.

Most of our renewable energy lessees will likely be structured as special purpose vehicles, and therefore their ability to pay us is expected to be dependent solely on the revenues of a specific project, without additional credit support.

Most of our lessees will likely be structured as special purpose vehicles (“SPVs”), whose only source of cash flow will be from the operations of a single energy facility. If the energy facility fails to perform as projected, the SPV lessee might not have sufficient cash flow to make lease or interest payments to us. While we would expect the lenders or other parties connected to such SPVs to step in and continue to make payments to us, there can be no assurance that such parties would do so, rather than, for example, liquidating the facility. Further, if the facility materially underperforms or if energy supply contracts are cancelled, there may be little value in such SPV lessees, and our investments in real estate relating to their facilities may become impaired.

Some losses related to our real property assets may not be covered by insurance or indemnified by our lessees, and so could adversely affect us.

Our new leases will generally require our lessees to carry insurance on our properties against risks customarily insured against by other companies engaged in similar businesses in the same geographic region, and to indemnify us against certain losses. However, there are some types of losses, including catastrophic acts of nature, acts of war or riots, for which we or our lessees cannot obtain insurance at an acceptable cost. If there is an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insurance limits, we could lose the revenues generated by the affected property and the capital we have invested in the property, assuming our lessee fails to pay us the casualty value in excess of such insurance limit, if any, or to indemnify us for such loss. Nevertheless, in such a circumstance we might still remain obligated to repay any secured indebtedness or other obligations related to the property. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

Legislative, regulatory, accounting or tax rules, and any changes to them or actions brought to enforce them, could adversely affect us.

We and our lessees are subject to a wide range of legislative, regulatory, accounting and tax rules. The costs and efforts of compliance with these laws, or of defending against actions brought to enforce them, could adversely affect us, either directly if we are subject to such laws or actions, or indirectly if our lessees are subject to them.

In addition, if there are changes to the laws, regulations or administrative decisions and actions that affect us, we may have to incur significant expenses in order to comply, or we may have to restrict or change our operations. For example, changes to the accounting treatment of leases by both lessors and lessees under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) could change the presentation of information in our financial statements and as a result affect the perception of our business and our growth plans. Changes to Internal Revenue Service interpretations of “real assets” or changes to the REIT portion of the Internal Revenue Code could affect our plans, operations, financial condition and share price.

We have invested, and expect to continue to invest, in real property assets, which are subject to laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment and human health and safety. These laws and regulations generally govern wastewater discharges, noise levels, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage tanks, the use, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous materials and the remediation of contamination associated with disposals. Environmental laws and regulations may impose joint and several liabilities on tenants, owners or operators for the costs to investigate and remediate contaminated properties, regardless of fault or whether the acts causing the contamination were legal. This liability could be substantial. In addition, the presence of hazardous substances, or the failure to properly remediate these substances, could adversely affect our ability to sell, rent or pledge an affected property as collateral for future borrowings. We intend to take commercially reasonable steps when we can to protect ourselves from the risks of environmental law liability; however, we will not obtain independent third-party environmental assessments for every property we acquire. In addition, any such assessments that we do obtain may not reveal all environmental liabilities, or whether a prior owner of a property created a material environmental condition not known to us. In addition, there are various local, state and federal fire, health, safety and similar regulations with which we or our lessees may be required to comply, and that may subject us or them to liability in the form of fines or damages. In all events, our lessees’ operations, the existing condition of land when we buy it, operations in the vicinity of our properties or activities of unrelated third parties could all affect our properties in ways that lead to costs being imposed on us.

Any material expenditures, fines, damages or forced changes to our business or strategy resulting from any of the above could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in interest rates may negatively affect the value of our assets, our access to debt financing and the trading price of our securities.

The value of our investments in certain assets may decline if long-term interest rates increase. If interest rates were to rise from their current historically low levels, it may affect the perceived or actual values of our assets and dividends, and consequently the prices of our securities may decline.

Furthermore, to the extent the Company has borrowed funds, a rise in interest rates may result in re-financing risk when those borrowings become due, and the Company may be required to pay higher interest rates or issue additional equity to refinance its borrowings, which could adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

Our quarterly results may fluctuate.

We could experience fluctuations in our quarterly operating results due to a number of factors, including variations in the returns on our current and future investments, the interest rates payable on our debt, the level of our expenses, the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets and other business, market and general economic conditions. Consequently, our results of operations for any current or historical period should not be relied upon as being indicative of performance in any future period.

We may not be able to sell our real property assets when we desire. In particular, in order to maintain our status as a REIT, we may be forced to borrow funds or sell assets during unfavorable market conditions.

Investments in real property are relatively illiquid compared to other investments. Accordingly, we may not be able to sell real property assets when we desire or at prices acceptable to us. This could substantially reduce the funds available for satisfying our obligations, including any debt or preferred share obligations, and for distributions to our common shareholders.

As a REIT, we must distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income, subject to certain adjustments, to our shareholders. To the extent that we satisfy the REIT distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay to our shareholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under federal tax laws. In addition to applicable federal taxation, we may be subject to state taxation.

From time to time, we may have taxable income greater than our cash flow available for distribution to our shareholders (for example, due to substantial non-deductible cash outlays, such as capital expenditures or principal payments on debt). If we did not have other funds available in these situations, we could be required to borrow funds, sell investments at disadvantageous prices or find alternative sources of funds in order to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and avoid income and excise taxes in a particular year. Any of these outcomes could increase our operating costs and diminish our available cash flows or ability to grow.

We may fail to remain qualified as a REIT, which would reduce the cash available for distribution to our shareholders and may have other adverse consequences.

Qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes is governed by highly technical and complex provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations. Our qualification as a REIT also depends on various facts and circumstances that are not entirely within our control. In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations and court decisions might all change the tax laws with respect to the requirements for qualification as a REIT or the federal income tax consequences of qualification as a REIT.

If, with respect to any taxable year, we were to fail to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we would not be able to deduct distributions to our shareholders in computing our taxable income and would have to pay federal corporate income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income. If we had to pay federal income tax, the amount of money available to distribute to our shareholders would be reduced for the year or years involved. In addition, we would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost and thus our cash available for distribution to our shareholders would be reduced in each of those years, unless we were entitled to relief under relevant statutory provisions. Failure to qualify as a REIT could result in additional expenses or additional adverse consequences, which may include the forced liquidation of some or all of our investments.

Although we currently intend to operate in a manner designed to allow us to continue to qualify as a REIT, future economic, market, legal, tax or other considerations might cause us to lose our REIT status, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations, and could adversely affect our ability to successfully implement our business strategy and pay dividends.

If an investment that was initially believed to be a real property asset is later deemed not to have been a real property asset at the time of investment, we could lose our status as a REIT or be precluded from investing according to our current business plan.

Power REIT must meet income and asset tests to qualify as a REIT. If an investment that was originally believed to be a real asset is later deemed not to have been a real asset at the time of investment, our status as a REIT could be jeopardized or we could be precluded from investing according to our current business plan, either of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Further, we may not seek a private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service with respect to some or all of our infrastructure investments. The lack of such private letter rulings may increase the risk that an investment believed to be a real asset could later be deemed not to be a real asset. In the event that an investment is deemed to not be a real asset, we may be required to dispose of such investment, which could have a material adverse effect on us, because even if we were successful in finding a buyer, we might have difficulty finding a buyer on favorable terms or in a sufficient time frame.

If we were deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, applicable restrictions could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on the price of our securities.

A company such as ours would be considered an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), if, among other things, it owned investment securities (including minority ownership interests in subsidiaries or other entities) that have an aggregate value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets on an unconsolidated basis, or it failed to qualify under the exemption from investment company status available to companies primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.

We do not believe that we are, or are likely to become, an investment company under the 1940 Act. Nevertheless, if we were deemed to be an investment company, restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act, including limitations on our capital structure, could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our operations and the price of our common shares.

Net leases may not result in fair market lease rates over time.

We expect a portion of our future income to come from net leases, whereby the lessee is responsible for all the costs, insurance and taxes of a property, including maintenance. Net leases typically have longer lease terms and, thus, there is an increased risk that if market rental rates increase in future years, the rates under our net leases will be less than fair market rental rates during those years. As a result, our income and distributions could be lower than they would otherwise be if we did not enter into net leases. When appropriate, we will seek to include a clause in each lease that provides increases in rent over the term of the lease, but there can be no assurance that we will be successful in securing such a clause. Some of our investments may include “percentage of gross revenue” lease payments, which may result in positive or negative outcomes depending on the performance of the acquired asset.

If a sale-leaseback transaction is recharacterized in a lessee’s bankruptcy proceeding, our financial condition could be adversely affected.

In certain cases, we intend to enter into sale-leaseback transactions, whereby we would purchase a property and then simultaneously lease the same property back to the seller. In the event of the bankruptcy of a lessee company, a transaction structured as a sale-leaseback may be recharacterized as either a financing or a joint venture, either of which outcomes could adversely affect our business. If the sale-leaseback were recharacterized as a financing, we might not be considered the owner of the property, and as a result would have the status of a creditor in relation to the lessee company. In that event, we would no longer have the right to sell or encumber our ownership interest in the property. Instead, we would have a claim against the lessee company for the amounts owed under the lease, with the claim arguably secured by the property, and the lessee company/debtor might have the ability to restructure the terms, interest rate and amortization schedule of its outstanding balance. If new terms were confirmed by the bankruptcy court, we could be bound by them, and prevented from foreclosing on the property. If the sale-leaseback were recharacterized as a joint venture, we and the lessee company could be treated as co-venturers with regard to the property. As a result, we could be held liable, under some circumstances, for debts incurred by the lessee company relating to the property. Either of these outcomes could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and our Declaration of Trust and Bylaws could deter takeover attempts and have an adverse impact on the price of our common shares.

The Maryland General Corporation Law and our Declaration of Trust and Bylaws contain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging, delaying or making difficult a change in control of Power REIT. The business combination provisions of Maryland law (if our Board of Trustees decides to make them applicable to us), the control share acquisition provisions of Maryland law (if the applicable provisions in our Bylaws are rescinded), the limitations on removal of Trustees, the restrictions on the acquisition of our common shares, the power to issue additional shares and the advance notice provisions of our Bylaws could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for holders of the common shares or might otherwise be in their best interests.

In order to assist us in complying with limitations on the concentration of ownership of REIT stock imposed by the Internal Revenue Code, among other purposes, our charter provides that no natural person or entity may, directly or indirectly, beneficially or constructively own more than 9.9% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate amount of our outstanding shares of all classes. In addition, our Board of Trustees may, without stockholder action, authorize the issuance of shares of stock in one or more classes or series, including preferred stock. Our Board of Trustees may, without stockholder action, amend our charter to increase the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue. The existence of these provisions, among others, may have a negative impact on the price of our common shares and may discourage third party bids for ownership of our Company. These provisions may prevent any premiums being offered to holders of common shares.

Risks Related to Our Investment Strategy

Our focus on the energy and transportation infrastructure sectors will subject us to more risks than if we were broadly diversified to include other asset classes.

Because we specifically focus on infrastructure assets, investments in our securities may present more risks than if we were broadly diversified over numerous sectors of the economy. For example, a downturn in the U.S. energy or transportation infrastructure sectors would have a larger impact on us than on a company that does not concentrate in one sector of the economy. Factors that may adversely affect our investments include, but are not limited to, changes in supply and demand for infrastructure consumption, prices of national and global commodities, government regulation, world and regional events and general economic conditions.

Renewable energy resources are complex, and our investments in them rely on long-term projections of resource and equipment availability and capital and operating costs; if our or our lessees’ projections are incorrect, we may suffer losses.

Although the projection of renewable energy resource availability has been analyzed for decades across different geographies, technologies and topologies, long-term projections of renewable resource availability at a particular site, the availability of generating equipment and the operating costs of harvesting such renewable energy are subject to various uncertainties and in many cases must rely on estimates at best. If any such projections are materially incorrect, our lessees could suffer financial losses, which could adversely affect our investments. In addition, investments based on a percentage of gross revenue could under-perform our investment projections, leading to adverse effects on our financial condition and results of operations.

Infrastructure assets may be subject to the risk of fluctuations in commodity prices and in the supply of and demand for infrastructure consumption.

The operations and financial performance of companies in the infrastructure sector may be directly or indirectly affected by commodity prices and fluctuations in infrastructure supply and demand. Commodity prices and infrastructure demand fluctuate for several reasons, including changes in market and economic conditions, the impact of weather on demand or supply, levels of domestic production and imported commodities, energy conservation, domestic and foreign governmental regulation and taxation and the availability of local, intrastate and interstate transportation systems. Fluctuations in commodity prices may increase costs for consumers of energy-related infrastructure assets and therefore reduce demand for such infrastructure. Further, extreme price fluctuation upwards or downwards could lead to the development of alternatives to existing energy-related infrastructure and could impair the value of our investments.

Volatility in commodity prices or in the supply of and demand for infrastructure assets may make it more difficult for companies in the infrastructure sector to raise capital to the extent the market perceives that their performance may be tied directly or indirectly to commodity prices. Historically, commodity prices have been cyclical and have exhibited significant volatility. Should infrastructure companies experience variations in supply and demand, the resulting decline in operating or financial performance could adversely affect the value or quality of our assets.

Infrastructure investments are subject to obsolescence risks.

Infrastructure assets are subject to obsolescence risks that could occur as a result of changing supply and demand, new types of construction, changing demographics, changing weather patterns and new technologies. In any such event, there might be few alternative uses for our investments, and our investments might drop in value.

Renewable energy investments may be adversely affected by variations in weather patterns.

Renewable energy investments may be adversely affected by variations in weather patterns, including shifting wind or solar resources and including variations brought about by climate changes, which would cause earnings volatility for our lessees or borrowers and which could affect their ability to make lease or other contractual payments to us. Lease payments that are structured as a percentage of gross revenue typically fluctuate from period to period. Although we believe these fluctuations tend to average out over time, to the extent that our projections are incorrect because weather patterns change significantly, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

If the development of renewable energy projects slows, we may have a harder time sourcing investments.

Renewable energy projects are dependent on a variety of factors, including government Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS), equipment costs and federal and state incentives. Changes in some or all of these factors could result in reduced construction of renewable projects and may make it harder for us to source investments that are attractive to us, and this could have an adverse affect on our business. Volatility in project development and construction may result in uneven growth and may make it hard to predict with certainty our growth trends or patterns, which could make our securities less appealing to investors.

Investments in renewable energy may be dependent on equipment or manufacturers that have limited operating histories or financial or other challenges.

Although most wind, solar and other renewable energy projects use technologies that are well understood by the market, many technologies are undergoing rapid changes and improvements and many have not been tested in operating environments for the expected durations of our investments. Some manufacturers are new or relatively new and may not have the financial ability to support their extended warranties. As a result, if the future performance of equipment that is a basis for a lessee’s revenues is lower than projected, such a lessee may have difficulty making its lease payments to us and our business could suffer.

Risks Related to Our Securities

There is a 9.9% limit on the amount of our equity securities that any one person or entity may own.

In order to assist us in complying with limitations on the concentration of ownership of REIT stock imposed by the Internal Revenue Code, among other purposes, our charter provides that no natural person or entity may, directly or indirectly, beneficially or constructively own more than 9.9% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate amount of our outstanding shares of all classes. If a person were found to own more than this amount, whether as a result of intentionally purchasing our securities, developments outside such person’s control or otherwise – for example, as a result of changes in the Company’s capital structure, the inheritance of securities, or otherwise – then, among other things, the transfers leading to the violation of the 9.9% limit would be void and the Board of Trustees would be authorized to take such actions as it deemed advisable to insure the undoing of the transfers.

Factors could lead to the Company losing one or both of its NYSE MKT listings.

The Company could lose its common shares listing or its Series A Preferred Stock listing, both on the NYSE MKT, depending on a number of factors, including a failure by us to continue to qualify as a REIT, a failure to meet the NYSE MKT ongoing listing requirements, including those relating to the number of shareholders, the price of the Company’s securities and the amount and composition of the Company’s assets, changes in NYSE MKT ongoing listing requirements and other factors.

Low trading volumes in the Company’s listed securities may adversely affect holders’ ability to resell their securities at prices that are attractive, or at all.

Power REIT’s common shares are traded on the NYSE MKT under the ticker “PW”. The average daily trading volume of Power REIT’s common shares is less than that of the listed securities of many other companies, including larger companies. During the 12 months ending December 31, 2013, the average daily trading volume for the Company’s common shares was approximately 4,350 shares. Power REIT’s Series A Preferred Stock is traded on the NYSE MKT under the ticker “PW PRA”. The Series A Preferred Stock has only been listed since March 18, 2014, it has not yet achieved significant trading volumes and even if an active and liquid trading market for the Series A Preferred Stock develops, it may not be sustained. Nevertheless, because the Series A Preferred Stock has no maturity date, investors seeking liquidity may be limited to selling their shares of Series A Preferred Stock in the secondary market. In part due to the relatively small trading volume of the Company’s listed securities, any material sales of such securities by any person may place significant downward pressure on the market price of the Company’s listed securities. In general, as a result of low trading volumes, it may be difficult for holders of the Company’s listed securities to sell their securities at prices they find attractive, or at all.

The price of the Company’s securities may fluctuate significantly and this may make it difficult for holders to sell the Company’s securities when desired or at prices that are attractive.

The market value of the Company’s securities will likely fluctuate in response to a number of factors, including factors that are beyond the Company’s control. The market value of the Company’s securities may also be affected by conditions affecting the financial markets generally, including the volatility of trading markets. These conditions may result in fluctuations in the market prices of stocks generally and, in turn, the Company’s securities, as well as sales of substantial amounts of the Company’s securities in the market, in each case to a degree that could be unrelated or disproportionate to any changes in the Company’s operating performance. Such market fluctuations could adversely affect the market value of the Company’s securities. A significant decline in the price or prices of Company securities could result in substantial losses for security holders and could lead to costly and disruptive securities litigation.

Our ability to issue preferred stock in the future could adversely affect the rights of existing holders of our equity securities.

Our charter permits our Board of Trustees to increase the number of authorized shares of our capital stock without the approval of holders of our common shares or Series A Preferred Stock. In addition, our charter permits our Board of Trustees to reclassify any or all of our unissued authorized shares as shares of preferred stock in one or more new series on terms determinable by our Board of Trustees, without the approval of holders of our common shares or Series A Preferred Stock. Future reclassifications or issuances by us of preferred stock, whether Series A Preferred Stock or some new series of preferred stock, could effectively diminish our ability to pay dividends or other distributions to existing equity security holders, including distributions upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

The issuance of additional equity securities may dilute existing equity holders.

The issuance of additional equity securities may result in the dilution of existing equity securities holders. Although the Company expects to deploy additional equity capital principally for the purpose of making accretive transactions, and in such cases may not dilute the economic value of equity securities held by existing holders, such additional issuances may dilute existing equity securities holders’ percentage ownership of the Company, and the percentage of voting power they hold, depending on the terms of the newly issued equity securities.

Our preferred stock is subject to interest rate risk.

Distributions payable on our Series A Preferred Stock are subject to interest rate risk. Because dividends on our Series A Preferred Stock are fixed, our costs may increase upon maturity or redemption of the securities. This might require us to sell investments at a time when we would otherwise not do so, which could affect adversely our ability to generate cash flow. To the extent that our Series A Preferred Stock may have call or conversion provisions that are in our favor at a given time, such provisions may be detrimental to the returns experienced by the holders of the securities.

Inflation may negatively affect the value of our preferred stock and the dividends we pay.

Inflation is the reduction in the purchasing power of money, resulting from an increase in the price of goods and services. Inflation risk is the risk that the inflation-adjusted, or “real”, value of an investment will be worth less in the future. If and when the economy experiences material rates of inflation, the real value of our Series A Preferred Stock and the dividends payable to holders will decline.

Our Series A Preferred Stock has not been rated and is junior to our existing and future debt, and the interests of holders of Series A Preferred Stock could be diluted by the issuance of additional parity-preferred securities and by other transactions.

Our Series A Preferred Stock has not been rated by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization, which may negatively affect its market value and a holder’s ability to sell it. It is possible that one or more rating agencies might independently determine to issue such a rating and that such a rating, if issued, could adversely affect the market price of our Series A Preferred Stock. In addition, we may elect in the future to obtain a rating of our Series A Preferred Stock, which could adversely affect its market price. Ratings reflect only the views of the rating agency or agencies issuing the ratings, and they could be revised downward or withdrawn entirely at the discretion of the issuing rating agency if in its judgment circumstances so warrant. Any such downward revision or withdrawal of a rating could have an adverse effect on the market price of our Series A Preferred Stock.

The payment of amounts due on the Series A Preferred Stock will be junior in payment preference to all of our existing and future debt and any securities we may issue in the future that have rights or preferences senior to those of the Series A Preferred Stock. We may issue additional shares of Series A Preferred Stock or additional shares of preferred stock in the future which are on a parity with (or, upon the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock, senior to) the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up. Additional issuance of preferred securities or other transactions could reduce the pro-rata assets available for distribution upon liquidation and you may not receive your full liquidation preference if there are not sufficient assets. In addition, issuance of additional preferred securities or other transactions could dilute your voting rights with respect to certain matters that require votes or the consent of holders of our Series A Preferred Stock.

Holders of Series A Preferred Stock have limited voting rights.

The voting rights of a holder of Series A Preferred Stock are limited. Our common stock is the only class of our securities carrying full voting rights. Voting rights for holders of Series A Preferred Stock exist only with respect to amendments to our charter (whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise) that materially and adversely affect the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock, the authorization or issuance of classes or series of equity securities that are senior to the Series A Preferred Stock and, if we fail to pay dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock for six or more quarterly periods (whether or not consecutive), the election of additional trustees. Holders would not, however, have any voting rights if we amend, alter or repeal the provisions of our charter or the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock in connection with a merger, consolidation, transfer or conveyance of all or substantially all of our assets or otherwise, so long as the Series A Preferred Stock remains outstanding and its terms remain materially unchanged or holders receive stock of the successor entity with substantially identical rights, taking into account that, upon the occurrence of an event described in this sentence, we may not be the surviving entity. Furthermore, if holders receive the greater of the full trading price of the Series A Preferred Stock on the last date prior to the first public announcement of an event described in the preceding sentence, or the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series A Preferred Stock plus accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) to, but not including, the date of such event, pursuant to the occurrence of any of the events described in the preceding sentence, then holders will not have any voting rights with respect to the events described in the preceding sentence.

The change of control conversion and delisting conversion features of our Series A Preferred Stock may not adequately compensate a holder of such securities upon a Change of Control or Delisting Event (as such terms as defined in regard to our Series A Preferred Stock), and the change of control conversion, delisting conversion and redemption features of our Series A Preferred Stock may make it more difficult for a party to take over our company or may discourage a party from taking over our company.

Upon a Change of Control or Delisting Event, holders of our Series A Preferred Stock will have the right (subject to our special optional redemption rights) to convert all or part of their Series A Preferred Stock into shares of our common stock (or equivalent value of alternative consideration). If our common stock price were less than $5.00 (which is approximately 61% of the per-share closing sale price of our common stock on March 24, 2014), subject to adjustment, holders will receive a maximum of 5 shares of our common stock per share of Series A Preferred Stock, which may result in a holder receiving value that is less than the liquidation preference of the Series A Preferred Stock. In addition, the foregoing features of our Series A Preferred Stock may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making an acquisition proposal for our company or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of shares of our common stock and Series A Preferred Stock with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then current market prices of those securities, or that holders may otherwise believe is in their best interests.

We may issue additional Series A Preferred Stock at a discount to liquidation value or at a discount to the issuance value of shares of Series A Preferred Stock already issued.

We may offer additional Series A Preferred Stock at prices or yields that represent a discount to liquidation value, or that represent a discount to the price paid for or the yield applicable to shares of Series A Preferred Stock previously issued and sold. Such sales could adversely affect the market price of the Series A Preferred Stock.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None

Item 2. Properties.

Registrant’s property consists of its three wholly-owned subsidiaries:

Pittsburgh & West Virginia Railroad. P&WV was organized in Pennsylvania in 1967 as a real estate investment trust. P&WV leases the entirety of its railroad property to NSC pursuant to the Railroad Lease. The property consists of approximately 112 miles of main railroad extending from Connellsville, Pennsylvania through parts of West Virginia to Pittsburgh Junction, Ohio, and approximately 20 miles of branch lines and other related property. The railroad was leased to Norfolk and Western Railway Company, now known as Norfolk Southern Corporation (“NSC”), effective in 1964, by P&WV’s predecessor company, for 99 years, and is subject to an unlimited number of 99-year renewal periods under the same terms and conditions, including annual rent payments, at the option of NSC. The more significant provisions of the Railroad Lease include:

●

Annual Base Cash Rent. P&WV currently receives annual base cash rent of $915,000 per year, paid quarterly, which amount is fixed and unvarying for the life of the Railroad Lease, including any renewal periods. In addition to annual base cash rent, NSC is responsible for additional rent as described in the Railroad Lease. The payment and amount of additional rent due is in dispute. See Item 3, Legal Proceedings.

●

Triple Net Lease. NSC, at its own expense and without deduction from the rent, maintains, manages and operates the leased property and makes such improvements thereto as it considers desirable. Such part of the leased property as is, in the opinion of NSC, not necessary may be disposed of. Pursuant to the Railroad Lease, the proceeds of dispositions may be held by NSC and treated as indebtedness owed to P&WV by NSC.

●

Amount Owed to P&WV. According to records maintained by NSC pursuant to the Railroad Lease and provided by NSC to P&WV, as of December 31, 2012 the indebtedness owed to P&WV was approximately $16,600,000. NSC has not provided a more recent update of the indebtedness amount. P&WV believes that the indebtedness amount is understated. This amount results primarily from rent payments from NSC under Section 4(b)(1) of the Railroad Lease, which NSC has historically elected to treat as indebtedness rather than pay in cash. Section 4(b)(1) rent is calculated based on the annual amount of tax depreciation and amortization of P&WV’s assets that are leased to NSC. The indebtedness amount also includes the gross amount of sales transactions in which NSC sells portions of P&WV’s real estate and has the option to retain the proceeds from such sales and treat it as indebtedness to P&WV. The payment and amount of these items is in dispute. Due to ongoing litigation, for financial reporting purposes, the receivable existing from the additional rent amounts and the indebtedness amounts have been fully reserved on the Registrant’s consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations. Although the Company has not recorded a net receivable for financial reporting purposes, the Company has historically recognized taxable income from Section 4(b)(1) rent. See Item 3, Legal Proceedings.

●	Indemnification. Under the terms of the Railroad Lease, NSC must indemnify P&WV for taxes, charges, damages and other losses imposed on it by virtue of its operation of the Railroad Lease.

PW Salisbury Solar, LLC. PWSS owns approximately 54 acres of fee simple land located in Salisbury, Massachusetts that is leased to an operational solar farm. Pursuant to the lease agreement, PWSS’ tenant is required to pay PWSS rent of $80,800 cash for the year December 1, 2012 to November 30, 2013, with a 1.0% escalation in each corresponding year thereafter. Rent for the year December 1, 2013 to November 30, 2014 is $81,608. Rent is payable quarterly in advance and is recorded by Power REIT for accounting purposes on a straight-line basis, with $89,494 having been recorded during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013. At the end of the 22-year lease period, which commenced on December 1, 2011 (prior to being assumed by PWSS), the tenant has certain renewal options, with terms to be mutually agreed upon.

PW Tulare Solar, LLC. PWTS owns approximately 100 acres of fee simple land located in Tulare County, California, that is leased to a number of operational solar farms. Pursuant to the lease agreements, the tenants are required to pay annual cash rent totaling $157,500. Rent is paid annually in advance in March of each year. At the end of the 25-year terms of the leases, which began running in March 2013, the tenants have certain renewal options, with terms to be mutually agreed upon.

The Company’s revenue is highly concentrated. Payments from NSC to P&WV under the Railroad Lease represented approximately 88% and 100% of Power REIT’s consolidated revenues in 2013 and 2012, respectively. NSC is a Class I railroad and, as reported in its Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 14, 2014, had approximately $11.3 billion of stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2013, and earned approximately $1.9 billion of net income during its fiscal year ended December 31, 2013.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

P&WV, as lessor, has asserted counterclaims, seeking determinations that NSC is in default under the Railroad Lease for, among other things, failing to reimburse P&WV for certain legal fees incurred by P&WV, failing to permit P&WV to inspect NSC’s books and records as called for under the terms of the Railroad Lease and failing to pay other amounts that P&WV believes are due and owing. P&WV also seeks declarations from the Court (a) that NSC’s obligation to repay the indebtedness owed under the Railroad Lease is not indefinite in duration, and (b) that the indebtedness owed to P&WV is due on demand with interest. If P&WV is successful with its counterclaims, it can terminate the Railroad Lease and demand from NSC payment of the indebtedness.

The indebtedness is the cumulative result of amounts received by NSC from its dispositions of P&WV property, additional rental amounts due and other sums that NSC owes to P&WV but which NSC has elected, under its interpretation of the Railroad Lease, to pay by increasing its indebtedness to P&WV rather than by providing P&WV with cash. According to records maintained by NSC pursuant to the Railroad Lease and provided by NSC to P&WV, as of December 31, 2012 the indebtedness owed to P&WV was approximately $16,600,000. NSC has not provided a more recent update of the indebtedness amount. P&WV believes that the indebtedness amount is understated. The receivable has not been included in P&WV’s consolidated balance sheets, because of the dispute as to when it is due. Similarly, certain additional rental amounts that NSC disputes are due on a current basis, and which have historically been treated as indebtedness, have not been included in P&WV’s consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations; however, these additional rent amounts have historically been recognized as taxable income on P&WV’s tax returns.

The Litigants have alleged that the Registrant is a successor in interest in respect of the Railroad Lease. If that allegation were to be decided against us in a fact-finding stage of the litigation, it could lead to liability, expenses or other adverse effects, including to the extent the Registrant has issued stock or engaged in certain other financing activities without the prior written consent of the lessee. The Registrant believes that it is not a successor in interest in respect of the Railroad Lease and is not constrained by any of the Railroad Lease restrictions.

The parties have made certain supplements to their respective claims and counterclaims. In August 2013, P&WV filed a second supplement to its counterclaims following the Litigants’ disclosure of previously undisclosed dispositions of P&WV property. P&WV believes that additional amounts are owed to it as a result of these dispositions and, accordingly, asserted new counterclaims, including claims of fraud and conversion. Based on the information available at the time P&WV supplemented its claims, P&WV has estimated that the additional amounts owed to it exceed $8 million, not including potential interest and damages. P&WV also supplemented its counterclaim for additional rental amounts due in order to include the reimbursement of its legal expenses related to the litigation. In response to P&WV’s second supplement to its counterclaims, in January 2014 the Litigants amended their pleadings to add additional claims against both P&WV and the Registrant. The Litigants’ new claims seek additional declarations from the Court that the Litigants have not defaulted on or violated the terms of the Railroad Lease.

On September 13, 2013, the Registrant filed a motion for summary judgment seeking dismissal of all of the claims against it. On January 15, 2014, the Court heard oral argument from the parties on the Registrant’s motion. A decision on the Registrant’s summary judgment motion is pending.

The fact and expert discovery phases of the litigation have been completed with respect to the parties’ original claims and counterclaims, and their initial rounds of supplements thereto. Fact discovery with respect to P&WV’s August 2013 second supplement to its counterclaims, and the Litigants’ January 2014 pleading amendments made in response, is expected to be completed by May 31, 2014, and expert discovery with respect thereto is expected to be completed by August 11, 2014.

In connection with the litigation, P&WV incurred expenses of approximately $885,000 during the year ended December 31, 2013, and $700,000 during the year ended December 31, 2012. P&WV believes that the costs associated with the litigation are reimbursable by NSC under the Railroad Lease as additional rent, but NSC has refused to pay such amounts. As of December 31, 2013, P&WV had incurred a total of approximately $1,600,000 of expenses related to the litigation, of which approximately $1,326,000 had been paid and approximately $274,000 was payable. There can be no assurance that P&WV will prevail in collecting its litigation expenses from NSC; accordingly, the expenses of the litigation are accrued and expensed as incurred.

As of the fourth quarter of 2013, NSC has continued to make its quarterly base rental payments ($228,750 per quarter) despite the pendency of the litigation. However, there can be no assurance that NSC will continue to make its base rental payments.

See “Risk Factors” under Item 1A of this document for a discussion of risks related to the litigation.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not Applicable

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Registrant’s common shares of $0.001 par value are listed for trading on the NYSE MKT under the symbol “PW”. As of March 14, 2014, there were approximately 490 registered holders of registrant’s common shares.

NYSE MKT prices and dividend information per common share:

	Quarters Ended, 2013
	March 31			June 30		Sept. 30		Dec. 31
Closing Price:
High	$	11.20		$	10.87	$	8.91	$	8.79
Low		9.93			8.08		7.78		8.09
Dividends Paid		0.10	*		0.00		0.00		0.00

	Quarters Ended, 2012
	March 31		June 30		Sept. 30		Dec. 31
Closing Price:
High	$	11.53	$	10.11	$	9.00	$	10.35
Low		9.28		6.91		7.05		7.16
Dividends Paid		0.10		0.10		0.10		*

* A dividend of $0.10 per common share was declared on January 3, 2013 and paid on January 25, 2013.

During the first quarter of 2014 through March 24, 2014, the NYSE MKT price per share of our common shares hit a high of $9.56 and a low of $8.37.

Distributions

U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually to its shareholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to any deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and pay tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income that it does not distribute. The Company temporarily suspended its dividend payments starting with the second quarter of 2013. It expects to reinstate dividend payments once the ongoing costs of the litigation with NSC diminish. See Item 3, Legal Proceedings.

The timing and frequency of our distributions are authorized and declared by our Board of Trustees based upon a number of factors, including:

●	our funds from operations;

●	our debt service requirements;

●	our taxable income, combined with the annual distribution requirements necessary to maintain REIT qualification;

●	requirements of Maryland law;

●	our overall financial condition; and

●	other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Trustees.

Any distributions that we make will be at the discretion of our Board of Trustees, and there can be no assurance that dividends will be paid in any particular period or at any particular level, or sustained in future periods based on past timing of payments and payments levels.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

Not applicable

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Forward-Looking Statements

This document contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements are those that predict or describe future events or trends and that do not relate solely to historical matters. You can generally identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “will,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “would,” “should,” “project,” “plan,” “assume” or other similar words or expressions, or negatives of such words or expressions, although not all forward-looking statements can be identified in this way. All statements contained in this document regarding strategy, plans, future operations, projected financial condition or results of operations, prospects, the future of Power REIT’s industries and markets, outcomes that might be obtained by pursuing management’s plans and objectives, and similar subjects, are forward-looking statements. Over time, Power REIT’s actual performance, results, financial condition and achievements may differ from the anticipated performance, results, financial condition and achievements that are expressed or implied by Power REIT’s forward-looking statements, and such differences may be significant and materially adverse to Power REIT and its security holders.

All forward-looking statements reflect Power REIT’s good-faith beliefs, assumptions and expectations, but they are not guarantees of future performance. Furthermore, Power REIT disclaims any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, data or methods, future events or other changes. For a further discussion of factors that could cause Power REIT’s future performance, results, financial condition or achievements to differ materially from that which is expressed or implied in Power REIT’s forward-looking statements, see “Risk Factors” under Item 1A of this document.

Overview

Power REIT is a Maryland-domiciled REIT that holds, develops, acquires and manages real estate assets related to transportation and energy infrastructure in the United States. Within the transportation and energy infrastructure sectors, Power REIT is focused on making new acquisitions of real estate that are or will be leased to renewable energy generation projects, such as utility-scale solar farms and wind farms, that have low or minimal technology risk.

Power REIT is structured as a holding company and owns its assets through three wholly-owned, special purpose subsidiaries that have been formed in order to hold real estate assets and generate lease revenue. Power REIT was formed as part of a reorganization and reverse triangular merger of P&WV that closed on December 2, 2011. P&WV survived the reorganization as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Registrant. The Company’s investment strategy, which is focused on transportation and energy infrastructure-related real estate, builds upon its subsidiary P&WV’s historical ownership of railroad real estate assets, which are currently triple-net leased to NSC.

As previously disclosed in our public filings with the SEC: Until July 29, 2013, Power REIT’s independent registered public accounting firm was Gibbons & Kawash, A.C. of Charleston, West Virginia. As of that date, Power REIT engaged BDO USA, LLP (“BDO”) to serve in its place. On March 13, 2014, BDO resigned from its engagement, having concluding that, as a result of an acquisition it had made of another accounting firm, a member of which had performed expert witness services for P&WV, its independence had become impaired. Thereafter, Power REIT engaged CohnReznick LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm.

Consistent with the foregoing, the consolidated financial statements included in this document as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013 have been audited by CohnReznick LLP. The consolidated financial statements included in this document as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 have been audited by Gibbons & Kawash, A.C.

Results of Operations

Power REIT’s consolidated revenue in fiscal years 2013 and 2012 was approximately $1,044,000 and $915,000, respectively. Consolidated net loss in fiscal years 2013 and in 2012 was approximately $(482,000) and $(322,000), respectively. The difference between our 2012 and 2013 consolidated results was principally attributable to the following: increases in rent revenue resulting from the acquisition of real property by PWSS in late 2012 and PWTS in 2013; a reduction in general and administrative ("G&A") expenses from approximately $405,000 in 2012 to approximately $183,000 in 2013; an increase in stock-based compensation from approximately $41,000 to approximately $145,000; an increase in property-related expenses resulting from increased real property acquisition and ownership activities during 2013, including approximately $49,000 of property acquisition expenses that were expensed in 2013; an increase of approximately $185,000 in expenses related to the litigation with NSC (See Item 3, Legal Proceedings); and an increase in interest expense of approximately $95,000 related to assets acquired by PWSS in late 2012 and PWTS in 2013, which were partially funded with debt.

The Company’s cash outlays, other than dividend payments, are for G&A expenses, which consist principally of legal and other professional fees, consultant fees, trustees’ fees, NYSE MKT listing fees, shareholder service company fees and auditing costs. In addition, the Company has cash outlays related to the ownership and financing of its assets, including the assets acquired by PWSS and PWTS. The Company expects that it will continue to incur substantial G&A expenses in 2014 due to the NSC litigation. The Company further expects that the remainder of its G&A expenses will continue to increase in 2014 and beyond as it further implements its business plan.

For the fiscal year 2012, P&WV accounted for 100% of Power REIT’s consolidated revenues of $915,000. During 2013, P&WV contributed approximately 88% of the Company’s consolidated revenue. Both total assets and liabilities increased from year-end 2012 to year-end 2013, principally as a result of the purchase of the PWTS property in 2013. If Power REIT is successful in pursuing its business plan and acquisition strategies, the contribution to its consolidated revenues from renewable generation-related real estate and other infrastructure real estate is expected to increase over time as a percentage of the Company’s total consolidated revenue.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

To meet its working capital and longer-term capital needs, Power REIT relies on cash provided by its operating activities, proceeds received from the issuance of equity securities and proceeds received from borrowings, which are typically secured by liens on acquired assets.

Cash Flows

During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company’s net cash used in operating activities was approximately $371,000, due principally to the Company’s net loss of approximately $481,000, which in turn was due principally to the Company’s litigation expenses that year of approximately $956,000. Additionally, the Company had increased other assets of $158,000, increased accounts payable of approximately $66,000 and an increase of accrued interest of $55,000. During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company’s net cash provided by operating activities was $2,100.

During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company’s net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $1,633,000, due principally to the receipt of borrowed funds of approximately $2,400,000 offset by payments on debt of approximately $820,000 and to a lesser extent to the receipt of proceeds from sales of common stock of approximately $219,000, offset by dividends paid of $165,000. During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company’s net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $310,000, comprised principally of proceeds from borrowings of $800,000 offset by dividends paid of approximately $490,000.

During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company’s net cash used in investing activities was approximately $1,550,000 due to the land acquisitions it made in 2013. During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company’s net cash used in investing activities was $928,000, again due to land acquisitions.

Preferred Stock

Although it does not affect the Company’s financial condition or results of operations as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013, in 2014, prior to the date of filing of this document, the Company expanded its equity financing activities by offering a series of preferred shares to the public. The Series A Preferred Stock ranks, as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, senior to the Company’s common shares. Voting rights for holders of Series A Preferred Stock exist only with respect to amendments to the Company’s charter that materially and adversely affect the terms of the Series A Preferred Stock, the authorization or issuance of equity securities that are senior to the Series A Preferred Stock and, if the Company fails to pay dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock for six or more quarterly periods (whether or not consecutive), the election of two additional trustees to our Board of Trustees. As of March 18, 2014, the Company had closed on the sale of approximately $2.5 million of its Series A Preferred Stock, and the offering, being conducted pursuant to a public offering prospectus supplement dated January 23, 2014 and an accompanying prospectus, was continuing.

Borrowings

In December 2012, PWSS acquired the approximately 54 acres of land in Salisbury, Massachusetts that it leases to a 5.7 MW operational solar farm. That acquisition was financed in part by a bridge loan extended by Hudson Bay Partners, LP (“HBP”), an affiliate of our then Chairman and CEO, Mr. David Lesser. In July 2013, PWSS borrowed $750,000 from a regional bank (the “PWSS Term Loan”) to refinance the bridge loan. The PWSS Term Loan carries a fixed interest rate of 5.0% for a term of 10 years and amortizes based on a 20-year principal amortization schedule. The loan is secured by PWSS’ real estate assets and a parent guarantee from the Company. The balance of the PWSS Term Loan as of December 31, 2013 was approximately $741,000. As part of the land acquisition, PWSS also assumed certain existing municipal financing, the balance of which on December 31, 2013 was approximately $109,000.

In July 2013, PWTS borrowed bridge financing of $1,650,000 from HBP, in the form of an A Note and a B Note, to fund the acquisition of the approximately 100 acres of land near Fresno, California that it owns and leases to a number of solar farms. The A Note has a principal balance of $1,155,000 and carries an interest rate of 5.0% during the first six months, stepped up to 8.5% thereafter. The B Note has a principal balance of $495,000 and carries an interest rate of 9.5% during the first six months, stepped up to 13.5% thereafter. Both notes have an eighteen-month maturity and require interest-only payments at six-month intervals or upon a prepayment. The loan is secured by a first lien mortgage on PWTS’s property and a parent guarantee from the Registrant. It is the Company’s intention to refinance the loan with long-term, third party financing as soon as practical.

In the case of each of the bridge financings from HBP described above, the independent members of the Company’s Board of Trustees approved the borrowings in advance.

The approximate amount of principal payments remaining on Power REIT’s long-term debt as of December 31, 2013 is as follows:

	Long-term Debt
2014	$	30,000
2015		1,681,000
2016		32,000
2017		33,000
2018		35,000
Thereafter		696,000
TOTAL		2,507,000
Less: Current Portion		(30,000	)
Long-term Debt	$	2,477,000

Related Party Transactions

For information concerning loans extended to the Company by Hudson Bay Partners, LP, an affiliate of our Chairman, CEO, Secretary and Treasurer, see “—Borrowings”, above. For information concerning other related party transactions, see Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements appearing following Item 15 of this document.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make significant judgments and estimates to develop certain amounts reflected and disclosed. In many cases, there are alternative policies or estimation techniques that could be used. We regularly review the application of our accounting policies and evaluate the appropriateness of the estimates that are required to be made in order to prepare our consolidated financial statements. Typically, estimates may require adjustments from time to time based on, among other things, changing circumstances and new or better information.

The accounting policies that we consider to be our “critical accounting policies” are those that we believe are either the most judgmental or involve the selection or application of alternative accounting policies, and that in each case are material to our consolidated financial statements. We believe that our revenue recognition policies meet these criteria. These policies are as follows:

●

Railroad Lease. The Railroad Lease is treated as a capital lease, and income to P&WV under the Railroad Lease is recognized as earned based on an implicit rate of 10% over the life of the lease, which is assumed to be perpetual for the purposes of revenue recognition and recording the leased assets on the balance sheet. During 2013, P&WV sent a letter to NSC requesting payment of additional rent in the amount of $341,768, which was not paid. Such amount has been included in revenue, but an allowance has been taken against it since the amount is in dispute as part of ongoing litigation. See Item 3, Legal Proceedings.

●

Operating lease with rent escalation. Lease revenue from land that is subject to an operating lease with rent escalation provisions is recorded on a straight-line basis when the amount of escalation in lease payments is known at the time we enter into the lease agreement, or known at the time we assume an existing lease agreement as part of a land acquisition (e.g., an annual fixed percentage escalation).

●	Operating lease without rent escalation. Lease revenue from land that is subject to an operating lease without rent escalation provisions is recorded on a straight-line basis.

For further information, see Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements appearing following Item 15 of this document.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Not applicable

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

This information appears following Item 15 of this document and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None

Item 9A. Controls And Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures. As of the end of the period covered by this document, the Company carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the individual serving as Chief Executive Officer and Treasurer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on that evaluation, the individual serving as Chief Executive Officer and Treasurer has concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are adequate and effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s required SEC filings is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms.

There have been no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal controls subsequent to the date the Company carried out its evaluation.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Power REIT maintains a system of internal accounting controls that is designed to provide reasonable assurance that its books and records accurately reflect its transactions and that its policies and procedures are followed. There have been no changes in our internal control as of December 31, 2013 or thereafter through the date of filing of this document that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, such controls.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The management of Power REIT is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Registrant’s internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to management and the trustees regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement presentation and preparation. Further, because of changes in conditions, the effectiveness of internal control may vary over time.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2013.

This document does not include an attestation report of the Registrant’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Registrant’s independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Commission that permit the Registrant to provide only management’s report in this document.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.