PS BUSINESS PARKS, INC./MD - Annual Report: 2016 (Form 10-K)



UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549



FORM 10-K





Commission File Number 1-10709



PS BUSINESS PARKS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)





701 Western Avenue, Glendale, California 91201-2349

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)



818-244-8080

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)



Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:





Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of class)



Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes ☑    No ☐ 



Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.  Yes ☐    No ☑ 



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☑    No ☐



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes ☑    No ☐



Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§232.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☑



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.





Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ☐    No ☑ 



As of June 30, 2016, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $2,082,893,848 based on the closing price as reported on that date.



Number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of February 20, 2017 (the latest practicable date): 27,138,138.



DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE



Portions of the definitive proxy statement to be filed in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held in 2017 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.



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PART I



ITEM 1. BUSINESS 



Forward-Looking Statements



Forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, are made throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For this purpose, any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “may,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “intends” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause the results of the Company to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including but not limited to: (a) changes in general economic and business conditions; (b) decreases in rental rates or increases in vacancy rates/failure to renew or replace expiring leases; (c) tenant defaults; (d) the effect of the recent credit and financial market conditions; (e) our failure to maintain our status as a real estate investment trust (a  “REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”); (f) the economic health of our tenants; (g) increases in operating costs; (h) casualties to our properties not covered by insurance; (i) the availability and cost of capital; (j) increases in interest rates and its effect on our stock price; and (k) other factors discussed under the heading Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans will be achieved. Moreover, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting such forward-looking statements, except as required by law.



The Company



PS Business Parks, Inc. (“PSB”) is a fully-integrated, self-advised and self-managed REIT that owns, operates, acquires and develops commercial properties, primarily multi-tenant flex, office and industrial space. PS Business Parks, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”) is a California limited partnership, which owns directly or indirectly substantially all of our assets and through which we conduct substantially all of our business. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “the Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar references mean PS Business Parks, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including the Operating Partnership. PSB is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and, as of December 31, 2016, owned 77.9% of the common partnership units. The remaining common partnership units are owned by Public Storage (“PS”). Assuming issuance of PSB common stock upon redemption of the common partnership units held by PS, PS would own 42.0% (or 14.5 million shares) of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock. PSB, as the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, has full, exclusive and complete responsibility and discretion in managing and controlling the Operating Partnership.



As of December 31, 2016, the Company owned and operated 28.1 million rentable square feet of commercial space, comprising 99 business parks, in the following states: California, Texas, Virginia, Florida, Maryland and Washington. The Company focuses on owning concentrated business parks which provide the Company with the greatest flexibility to meet the needs of its customers. The Company also manages 684,000 rentable square feet on behalf of PS.



History of the Company: The Company was formed in 1990 as a California corporation under the name Public Storage Properties XI, Inc. In a March 17, 1998 merger with American Office Park Properties, Inc. (“AOPP”) (the “Merger”), the Company acquired the commercial property business operated by AOPP and was renamed “PS Business Parks, Inc.” Prior to the Merger, in January, 1997, AOPP was reorganized to succeed to the commercial property business of PS, becoming a fully integrated, self-advised and self-managed REIT.

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From January, 2014 through December, 2016, the Company acquired 904,000 square feet of multi-tenant flex, office and industrial parks, which comprise the Non-Same Park portfolio as defined on page 29, for an aggregate purchase price of $58.8 million. The Company made no acquisitions in 2015. The table below reflects the assets acquired during this period (in thousands):





In 2013, the Company entered into a joint venture known as Amherst JV LLC (the “Joint Venture”) with an unrelated real estate development company (the “JV Partner”) for the purpose of developing a 395-unit multi-family building on a five-acre site within The Mile in Tysons, Virginia (the “Project”).  PSB holds a 95.0% interest in the Joint Venture with the remaining 5.0% held by the JV Partner. The JV Partner is responsible for the development and construction of the Project and through an affiliate will oversee the leasing and management of the Project as it is completed. The aggregate amount of development costs are estimated to be $105.6 million (excluding unrealized land appreciation), of which the Company is committed to funding $75.0 million through a construction loan in addition to capital contributions of $28.5 million, which includes a land basis of $15.3 million, to the Joint Venture.  The Company’s investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint venture was $67.2 million as of December 31, 2016.  The Project is expected to deliver its first completed units in the spring of 2017, with final completion of the Project expected in early 2018.



As of November 1, 2016, the Company transferred a 123,000 square foot building also located within The Mile in Tysons, Virginia to land and building held for development, as the Company is pursuing entitlements to develop an additional multi-family complex on this site. The scope and timing of any future development will be subject to a variety of approvals and contingencies. Prior to being classified as land and building held for development, the building was occupied by a single user. The net operating income (“NOI”) associated with the prior tenant is reflected as NOI from assets sold or held for development.



During 2015, the Company sold four business parks, aggregating 492,000 square feet, in non-strategic markets for net proceeds of $41.2 million, which resulted in a gain of $23.4 million. Additionally, as part of an eminent domain process, the Company sold five buildings, aggregating 82,000 square feet, at the Company’s Overlake Business Park located in Redmond, Washington, for $13.9 million, which resulted in a gain of $4.8 million.



During 2014, the Company sold five business parks aggregating 1.9 million square feet and 11.5 acres of land in non-strategic markets, including Portland, Oregon and Phoenix, Arizona, for net proceeds of $212.2 million, which resulted in a gain of $92.4 million. With these sales the Company completed its stated objective of exiting non-strategic markets in Sacramento, California, Oregon and Arizona.



The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code, commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1990. To the extent that the Company continues to qualify as a REIT, it will not be taxed, with certain limited exceptions, on the net income that is currently distributed to its shareholders.



The Company’s principal executive offices are located at 701 Western Avenue, Glendale, California 91201-2349. The Company’s telephone number is (818) 244-8080. The Company maintains a website with the address www.psbusinessparks.com. The information contained on the Company’s website is not a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company makes available free of charge through its website its Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes such material to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

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Business of the Company: The Company is in the commercial property business, with 99 business parks consisting of multi-tenant flex, industrial and office space. The Company owns 14.6 million square feet of flex space which the Company defines as buildings that are configured with a combination of warehouse and office space and can be designed to fit a wide variety of uses. The warehouse component of the flex space has a number of uses including light manufacturing and assembly, storage and warehousing, showroom, laboratory, distribution and research and development activities. The office component of flex space is complementary to the warehouse component by enabling businesses to accommodate management and production staff in the same facility. The Company owns 8.8 million square feet of industrial space that has characteristics similar to the warehouse component of the flex space as well as ample dock access. In addition, the Company owns 4.7 million square feet of low-rise office space, generally either in business parks that combine office and flex space or in submarkets where the market demand is more office focused.



The Company’s commercial properties typically consist of business parks with low-rise buildings, ranging from one to 49 buildings per park, located on parcels of various sizes which comprise from nearly 12,000 to 3.5 million aggregate square feet of rentable space. Facilities are managed through either on-site management or offices central to the facilities. Parking is generally open but in some instances is covered. The ratio of parking spaces to rentable square feet generally ranges from two to six per thousand square feet depending upon the use of the property and its location. Office space generally requires a greater parking ratio than most industrial uses.



The tenant base for the Company’s facilities is diverse. The portfolio can be bifurcated into those facilities that service small to medium-sized businesses and those that service larger businesses. Approximately 35.9% of in-place rents from the portfolio are derived from facilities that generally serve small to medium-sized businesses. A property in this facility type is typically divided into units under 5,000 square feet and leases generally range from one to three years. The remaining 64.1% of in-place rents from the portfolio are generally derived from facilities that serve larger businesses, with units 5,000 square feet and larger. The Company also has several tenants that lease space in multiple buildings and locations. The U.S. Government is the largest tenant with multiple leases encompassing approximately 692,000 square feet, or 4.6% of the Company’s annualized rental income.



The Company owns operating properties in six states and it may expand its operations to other states or reduce the number of states in which it operates. Properties are acquired for both income and potential capital appreciation; there is no limitation on the amount that can be invested in any specific property.



The Company owns land which may be used for the future development of commercial properties including approximately 14.0 acres in Dallas, Texas and 6.4 acres in Northern Virginia.  



Operating Partnership



The properties in which the Company has an equity interest generally are owned by the Operating Partnership. Through this organizational structure, the Company has the ability to acquire interests in additional properties in transactions that could defer the contributors’ tax consequences by causing the Operating Partnership to issue equity interests in return for interests in properties. 



The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2016, the Company owned 77.9% of the common partnership units of the Operating Partnership, and the remainder of such common partnership units were owned by PS. The common units owned by PS may be redeemed by PS from time to time, subject to the provisions of our charter, for cash or, at our option, shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. Also as of December 31, 2016, in connection with the Company’s issuance of publicly traded Cumulative Preferred Stock, the Company owned 44.4 million preferred units of the Operating Partnership of various series with an aggregate redemption value of $1.1 billion with terms substantially identical to the terms of the publicly traded depositary shares each representing 1/1,000 of a share of 5.20% to 6.45% Cumulative Preferred Stock of the Company. On December 7, 2016, the Company called for the redemption of its 6.45% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series S, at its par value of $230.0 million. As of December 31, 2016, the Company reclassified the 6.45% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series S, of $230.0 million from equity to liabilities as preferred stock called for redemption.

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As the general partner of the Operating Partnership, the Company has the exclusive responsibility under the Operating Partnership Agreement to manage and conduct the business of the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership is responsible for, and pays when due, its share of all administrative and operating expenses of the properties it owns.



The Company’s interest in the Operating Partnership entitles it to share in cash distributions from, and the profits and losses of, the Operating Partnership in proportion to the Company’s economic interest in the Operating Partnership (apart from tax allocations of profits and losses to take into account pre-contribution property appreciation or depreciation). The Company, since 1998, has paid per share dividends on its common and preferred stock that track, on a one-for-one basis, the amount of per unit cash distributions the Company receives from the Operating Partnership in respect of the common and preferred partnership units in the Operating Partnership that are owned by the Company.



Common Officers and Directors with PS



Ronald L. Havner, Jr., Chairman of the Company, is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Trustee and Chief Executive Officer of PS. Joseph D. Russell, Jr. is a director of the Company and also President of PS. Gary E. Pruitt, an independent director of the Company, is also a trustee of PS. Other employees of PS render services to the Company pursuant to the cost sharing and administrative services agreement.



Property Management Services



The Company manages commercial properties owned by PS, which are generally adjacent to self-storage facilities, for a management fee equal to 5% of the gross revenues of such properties in addition to reimbursement of certain costs. The property management contract with PS is for a seven-year term with the agreement automatically extending for an additional one-year period upon each one-year anniversary of its commencement (unless cancelled by either party). Either party can give notice of its intent to cancel the agreement upon expiration of its current term. Management fee revenue derived from this management contract with PS totaled $518,000,  $540,000 and $660,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016,  2015 and 2014, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the Company managed 684,000 rentable square feet on behalf of PS compared to 813,000 rentable square feet as of December 31, 2015.



PS also provides property management services for the self-storage component of two assets owned by the Company. These self-storage facilities, located in Palm Beach County, Florida, operate under the “Public Storage” name. Either the Company or PS can cancel the property management contract upon 60 days’ notice. Management fee expenses under the contract were $86,000, $79,000 and $70,000 for the years ended December 31, 2016,  2015 and 2014, respectively.



Management



Maria R. Hawthorne leads the Company’s senior management team.  Ms. Hawthorne became President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company beginning July 1, 2016.  Prior to July 1, 2016, Joseph D. Russell, Jr. was the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. The Company’s senior management includes: John W. Petersen, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer; Edward A. Stokx, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; Christopher M. Auth, Vice President (Washington Metro Division); Trenton A. Groves, Vice President and Corporate Controller; Coby A. Holley, Vice President, Investments;  Robin E. Mather, Vice President, Business Development; Stuart H. Hutchison, Vice President (Southern California and Pacific Northwest Divisions); Eddie F. Ruiz, Vice President and Director of Facilities; Richard E. Scott, Vice President (Northern California Division); Eugene Uhlman, Vice President, Construction Management; and David A. Vicars, Vice President (Southeast Division, which includes Florida and Texas).



REIT Structure



If certain detailed conditions imposed by the Code and the related Treasury Regulations are met, an entity, such as the Company, that invests principally in real estate and that otherwise would be taxed as a corporation may elect to be treated as a REIT. The most important consequence to the Company of being treated as a REIT for federal income tax purposes is that the Company can deduct dividend distributions (including distributions on preferred stock) to its shareholders, thus effectively eliminating the “double taxation” (at the corporate and shareholder levels) that typically

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results when a corporation earns income and distributes that income to shareholders in the form of dividends.



The Company believes that it has operated, and intends to continue to operate, in such a manner as to qualify as a REIT under the Code, but no assurance can be given that it will at all times so qualify. To the extent that the Company continues to qualify as a REIT, it will not be taxed, with certain limited exceptions, on the REIT taxable income that is distributed to its shareholders.



Operating Strategy



The Company believes its operating, acquisition and finance strategies combined with its diversified portfolio produces a low risk, stable growth business model. The Company’s primary objective is to grow shareholder value. Key elements of the Company’s growth strategy include:



Maximize Net Cash Flow of Existing Properties: The Company seeks to maximize the net cash flow generated by its properties by (i) maximizing average occupancy rates, (ii) achieving the highest possible levels of realized rent per occupied square foot, (iii) controlling its operating cost structure by improving operating efficiencies and economies of scale and (iv) minimizing recurring capital expenditures required to maintain and improve occupancy. The Company believes that its experienced property management personnel and comprehensive systems combined with focused economies of scale enhance the Company’s ability to meet these goals. The Company seeks to increase occupancy rates and realized rents per square foot by providing its field personnel with incentives to lease space to credit worthy tenants and to maximize the return on investment in each lease transaction.



Focus on Targeted Markets: The Company intends to continue investing in markets that have characteristics which enable them to be competitive economically. The Company believes that markets with a  combination of above average population growth, job growth, higher education levels and personal income will produce better overall economic returns. The Company targets parks in high barrier to entry markets that are close to critical infrastructure, middle to high income housing or universities and have easy access to major transportation arteries.



Reduce Capital Expenditures and Increase Occupancy Rates by Providing Flexible Properties and Attracting a Diversified Tenant Base: By focusing on properties with easily reconfigurable space, the Company believes it can offer facilities that appeal to a wide range of potential tenants, which aids in reducing recurring capital expenditures associated with re-leasing space. The Company believes this property flexibility also allows it to better serve existing tenants by accommodating expansion and contraction needs. In addition, the Company believes that a diversified tenant base enables it to attract a greater number of potential users to its space which, combined with flexible parks, helps it maintain occupancy rates.



Provide Superior Property Management: The Company seeks to provide a superior level of service to its tenants in order to maintain occupancy and increase rental rates, as well as minimize customer turnover. The Company’s property management offices are located either on-site or regionally, providing tenants with convenient access to management and helping the Company maintain its properties and while conveying a sense of quality, order and security. The Company has significant experience in acquiring properties managed by others and thereafter improving tenant satisfaction, occupancy levels, retention rates and rental income by implementing established tenant service programs.



Financing Strategy



The Company’s primary objective in its financing strategy is to maintain financial flexibility and a low risk capital structure. Key elements of this strategy are:



Retain Operating Cash Flow: The Company seeks to retain significant funds (after funding its distributions and capital improvements) for additional investments. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company distributed 41.4% and 31.7%, respectively, of its cash flow from operating activities computed in accordance with GAAP, and 57.7% and 46.1%, respectively, of its funds from operations (“FFO”) to common shareholders/unit holders. FFO is computed in accordance with the White Paper on FFO approved by the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”). The White Paper defines FFO as net income, computed in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), before depreciation, amortization, gains or losses on asset dispositions, net income allocable to noncontrolling interests — common units,

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net income allocable to restricted stock unit holders, impairment charges and nonrecurring items. FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure and should be analyzed in conjunction with net income. However, FFO should not be viewed as a substitute for net income as a measure of operating performance or liquidity, as it does not reflect depreciation and amortization costs or the level of capital expenditure and leasing costs necessary to maintain the operating performance of the Company’s properties, which are significant economic costs and could materially impact the Company’s results of operations. Other REITs may use different methods for calculating FFO and, accordingly, the Company’s FFO may not be comparable to other real estate companies’ FFO. See Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Non-GAAP Supplemental Disclosure Measure: Funds from Operations” for a reconciliation of FFO and net income allocable to common shareholders and for additional information on why the Company presents FFO.



Perpetual Preferred Stock/Units: The primary source of leverage in the Company’s capital structure is perpetual preferred stock or equivalent preferred units in the Operating Partnership. This method of financing reduces interest rate and refinancing risks as the dividend rate is fixed and the stated value or capital contribution is not required to be repaid. In addition, the consequences of defaulting on required preferred distributions are less severe than with debt. The preferred shareholders may elect two additional directors if six quarterly distributions go unpaid, whether or not consecutive.



Throughout this Form 10-K, we use the term “preferred equity” to mean both the preferred stock issued by the Company (including the depositary shares representing interests in that preferred stock) and the preferred partnership units issued by the Operating Partnership and the term “preferred distributions” to mean dividends and distributions on the preferred stock and preferred partnership units.



Debt Financing: The Company, from time to time, has used debt financing to facilitate real estate acquisitions and other capital allocations. The primary source of debt the Company has historically relied upon to provide short-term capital is its $250.0 million unsecured line of credit (the “Credit Facility”). In addition, during 2011, in connection with its $520.0 million portfolio acquisition in Northern California, the Company obtained a $250.0 million unsecured three-year term loan and assumed a $250.0 million mortgage note. The unsecured three-year term loan was repaid in full during 2013 and the $250.0 million mortgage note was repaid in full on June  1, 2016. From time to time, the Company may also consider other sources of unsecured debt financing to meet its capital needs.



Access to Capital: The Company targets a minimum ratio of FFO to combined fixed charges and preferred distributions paid of 3.0 to 1.0. Fixed charges include interest expense and capitalized interest while preferred distributions include amounts paid to preferred shareholders and preferred Operating Partnership unit holders. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the FFO to combined fixed charges and preferred distributions paid ratio was 3.9 to 1.0, excluding the non-cash charge for the issuance costs related to the redemption of preferred equity. The Company believes that its financial position enables it to access capital to finance future growth. Subject to market conditions, the Company may add leverage to its capital structure.



Competition



Competition in the market areas in which many of the Company’s properties are located is significant and has from time to time negatively impacted occupancy levels and rental rates of, and increased the operating expenses of, certain of these properties. Competition may be accelerated by any increase in availability of funds for investment in real estate. Barriers to entry are relatively low for those with the necessary capital and the Company competes for property acquisitions and tenants with entities that have greater financial resources than the Company. Sublease space and unleased developments continue to create competition among operators in certain markets in which the Company operates. While the Company will have to respond to market demands, management believes that the combination of its ability to offer a variety of options within its business parks and the Company’s financial stability provide it with an opportunity to compete favorably in its markets.



The Company’s properties compete for tenants with similar properties located in its markets primarily on the basis of location, rent charged, services provided and the design and condition of improvements. The Company believes it possesses several distinguishing characteristics that enable it to compete effectively in the flex, office and industrial space markets. The Company believes its personnel are among the most experienced in these real estate markets. The Company’s facilities are part of a comprehensive system encompassing standardized procedures and integrated reporting and information networks. The Company believes that the significant operating and financial experience of

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its executive officers and directors combined with the Company’s capital structure, national investment scope, geographic diversity and economies of scale should enable the Company to compete effectively.



Investments in Real Estate Facilities



As of December 31, 2016, the Company owned and operated 28.1 million rentable square feet comprised of 99 business parks in six states compared to 28.0 million rentable square feet at December 31, 2015. 



Investment in and Advances to Unconsolidated Joint Venture



PSB holds a 95.0% interest in the Joint Venture with the remaining 5.0% held by the JV Partner. The JV Partner is responsible for the development and construction of the Project and through an affiliate will oversee the leasing and management of the Project as it is completed. The Project is expected to deliver its first completed units in the spring of 2017, with final completion of the Project expected in early 2018.



On October 5, 2015 (the “Contribution Date”), the Company contributed the site, along with capitalized improvements, to the Joint Venture. Subsequent to the Contribution Date, demolition, site preparation and construction commenced. The JV partner serves as the managing member, with mutual consent from both the Company and the managing member required for all significant decisions. As such, the Company accounts for its investment in the Joint Venture using the equity method.



Along with the equity capital the Company has committed to the Joint Venture, the Company has also agreed to provide the Joint Venture with a construction loan in the amount of $75.0 million. The Joint Venture will pay interest under the construction loan at a rate equal to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 2.25%. The loan will mature on April 5, 2019 with two one-year extension options. The Company has reflected the aggregate value of the contributed site, its’ equity contributions, capitalized interest and loan advances to date as investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint venture. The aggregate amount of development costs are estimated to be $105.6 million (excluding unrealized land appreciation), of which the Company is committed to funding $75.0 million through a construction loan in addition to capital contributions of $28.5 million, which includes a land basis of $15.3 million, to the Joint Venture. 



The Company’s investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint venture was $67.2 million and $26.7 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company made loan advances of $33.9 million, capital contributions of $5.7 million and capitalized $885,000 of interest.



Summary of Business Model



The Company has a geographically diversified portfolio in six states across the country with a diversified customer mix by both size and industry concentration. The Company believes that this diversification combined with a conservative financing strategy, a  focus on markets with strong demographics for growth and a decentralized operating strategy gives the Company a business model that mitigates risk and provides strong long-term growth opportunities.



Restrictions on Transactions with Affiliates



The Company’s Bylaws provide that the Company may engage in transactions with affiliates provided that a purchase or sale transaction with an affiliate is (i) approved by a majority of the Company’s independent directors and (ii) fair to the Company based on an independent appraisal or fairness opinion.



Borrowings



On June 1, 2016, the Company repaid in full the $250.0 million mortgage note which had a fixed interest rate of 5.45%.  See Notes 6 and 7 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K for a summary of the Company’s outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2016.  



The Company’s Credit Facility is with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (“Wells Fargo”). Subsequent to December 31, 2016, the Company modified and extended the terms of its Credit Facility and the Company’s related guaranty.  The expiration date was extended from May 1, 2019 to January 10, 2022. The Credit Facility has a

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borrowing limit of $250.0 million. The rate of interest charged on borrowings was modified to a rate ranging from the LIBOR plus 0.80% to LIBOR plus 1.55%, depending on the Company’s credit ratings. Currently, the Company’s rate under the  Credit Facility is LIBOR plus 0.825%, down from the previous rate of 0.875%. In addition, the Company is required to pay an annual facility fee ranging from 0.10% to 0.30% of the borrowing limit depending on the Company’s credit ratings (currently 0.125%). The Company had no balance outstanding on the Credit Facility at December 31, 2016 and 2015.  Subsequent to December 31, 2016, the Company had $85.0 million outstanding on the Credit Facility in conjunction to the redemption of its 6.45% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series S. The Company had $539,000 and $769,000 of unamortized commitment fees as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Credit Facility requires the Company to meet certain covenants, all of which the Company was in compliance with at December 31, 2016. Interest on outstanding borrowings is payable monthly.



The Company has broad powers to borrow in furtherance of the Company’s objectives. The Company has incurred in the past, and may incur in the future, both short-term and long-term indebtedness to facilitate real estate acquisitions and other capital allocations.



Employees



As of December 31, 2016, the Company employed 157 individuals, primarily personnel engaged in property operations.



Insurance



The Company believes that its properties are adequately insured. Facilities operated by the Company have historically been covered by comprehensive insurance, including fire, earthquake and liability coverage from nationally recognized carriers.



Environmental Matters



Compliance with laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, including those regarding the discharge of material into the environment, has not had any material effect upon the capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position of the Company.



Substantially all of the Company’s properties have been subjected to Phase I environmental reviews. Such reviews have not revealed, nor is management aware of, any probable or reasonably possible environmental costs that management believes would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, assets or results of operations, nor is the Company aware of any potentially material environmental liability. See Item 1A, “Risk Factors” for additional information.



ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS



In addition to the other information in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, you should consider the risks described below that we believe may be material to investors in evaluating the Company. This section contains forward-looking statements, and in considering these statements, you should refer to the qualifications and limitations on our forward-looking statements that are described in Item 1, “Business — Forward-Looking Statements.”



Since our business consists primarily of acquiring and operating real estate, we are subject to the risks related to the ownership and operation of real estate that can adversely impact our business and financial condition.



The value of our investments may be reduced by general risks of real estate ownership: Since we derive substantially all of our income from real estate operations, we are subject to the general risks of acquiring and owning real estate-related assets, including:







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Certain significant costs, such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance, generally are not reduced even when a property’s rental income is reduced. In addition, environmental and tax laws, interest rate levels, the availability of financing and other factors may affect real estate values and property income. Furthermore, the supply of commercial space fluctuates with market conditions.



If our properties do not generate sufficient income to meet operating expenses, including any debt service, tenant improvements, lease commissions and other capital expenditures, we may have to borrow additional amounts to cover fixed costs, and we may have to reduce our distributions to shareholders.



There is significant competition among commercial properties: Other commercial properties compete with our properties for tenants. Some of the competing properties may be newer and better located than our properties. Competition in the market areas in which many of our properties are located is significant and has affected our occupancy levels, rental rates and operating expenses.  We also expect that new properties will be built in our markets. In addition, we compete with other buyers, some of which are larger than us, for attractive commercial properties. Therefore, we may not be able to grow as rapidly as we would like.



We may encounter significant delays and expense in re-letting vacant space, or we may not be able to re-let space at existing rates, in each case resulting in losses of income: When leases expire, we may incur expenses in retrofitting space and we may not be able to re-lease the space on the same terms. Certain leases provide tenants with the right to terminate early if they pay a fee. As of December 31, 2016,  2,217 leases, representing 6.3 million, or 24.0% of the leased square footage of our total portfolio, or 22.6% of annualized rental income, are scheduled to expire in 2017. While we have estimated our cost of renewing leases that expire in 2017, our estimates could be wrong. If we are unable to re-lease space promptly, if the terms are significantly less favorable than anticipated or if the costs are higher, we may have to reduce our distributions to shareholders.



Tenant defaults and bankruptcies may reduce our cash flow and distributions: We may have difficulty collecting from tenants in default, particularly if they declare bankruptcy. This could affect our cash flow and our ability to fund distributions to shareholders. Since many of our tenants are non-rated private companies, this risk may be enhanced. There is inherent uncertainty in a tenant’s ability to continue paying rent if they are in bankruptcy.



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We may be adversely affected if casualties to our properties are not covered by insurance: While we maintain insurance coverage for the losses caused by earthquakes or hurricanes, we could suffer uninsured losses or losses in excess of our insurance policy limits for such occurrences. Approximately 39.9% of our properties are located in California and are generally in areas that are subject to risks of earthquake-related damage. In the event of an earthquake, hurricane or other natural disaster, we  would remain liable on any mortgage debt or other unsatisfied obligations related to that property.



The illiquidity of our real estate investments may prevent us from adjusting our portfolio to respond to market changes: There may be delays and difficulties in selling real estate. Therefore, we cannot easily change our portfolio when economic conditions change. Also, REIT tax laws may impose negative consequences if we sell properties held for less than two years.



We may be adversely affected by changes in laws: Increases in income and service taxes may reduce our cash flow and ability to make expected distributions to our shareholders. Additionally, any changes in the tax law applicable to REITs may adversely affect taxation of us and/or our shareholders. Our properties are also subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and safety codes. If we fail to comply with these requirements, governmental authorities could fine us or courts could award damages against us. We believe our properties comply with all significant legal requirements. However, these requirements could change in a way that would reduce our cash flow and ability to make distributions to shareholders.



We may incur significant environmental remediation costs: As an owner and operator of real properties, under various federal, state and local environmental laws, we are required to clean up spills or other releases of hazardous or toxic substances on or from our properties. Certain environmental laws impose liability whether or not the owner or buyer knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of the hazardous or toxic substances.  In some cases, liability may not be limited to the value of the property. The presence of these substances, or the failure to properly remediate any resulting contamination, whether from environmental or microbial issues, also may adversely affect our ability to sell, lease, operate, or encumber our facilities for purposes of borrowing.



We have conducted preliminary environmental assessments of most of our properties (and conduct these assessments in connection with property acquisitions) to evaluate the environmental condition of, and potential environmental liabilities associated with, our properties. These assessments generally consist of an investigation of environmental conditions at the property (including soil or groundwater sampling or analysis if appropriate), as well as a review of available information regarding the site and publicly available data regarding conditions at other sites in the vicinity. In connection with these property assessments, our operations and recent property acquisitions, we have become aware that prior operations or activities at some properties or from nearby locations have or may have resulted in contamination to the soil or groundwater at these properties. In circumstances where our environmental assessments disclose potential or actual contamination, we may attempt to obtain indemnifications and, in appropriate circumstances, we obtain limited environmental insurance in connection with the properties acquired, but we cannot assure you that such protections will be sufficient to cover actual future liabilities nor that our assessments have identified all such risks. Although we cannot provide any assurance, based on the preliminary environmental assessments, we are not aware of any environmental contamination of our facilities material to our overall business, financial condition or results of operations.



There has been an increasing number of claims and litigation against owners and managers of rental properties relating to moisture infiltration, which can result in mold or other property damage. When we receive a complaint concerning moisture infiltration, condensation or mold problems and/or become aware that an air quality concern exists, we implement corrective measures in accordance with guidelines and protocols we have developed with the assistance of outside experts. We seek to work proactively with our tenants to resolve moisture infiltration and mold-related issues, subject to our contractual limitations on liability for such claims. However, we can give no assurance that material legal claims relating to moisture infiltration and the presence of, or exposure to, mold will not arise in the future.



Property taxes can increase and cause a decline in yields on investments: Each of our properties is subject to real property taxes, which could increase in the future as property tax rates change and as our properties are assessed or reassessed by tax authorities. Recent local government shortfalls in tax revenue may cause pressure to increase tax rates or assessment levels or impose new taxes. Such increases could adversely impact our profitability.



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We must comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act and fire and safety regulations, which can require significant expenditures: All of our properties must comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act and with related regulations (the “ADA”). The ADA has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities,” but generally requires that buildings be made accessible to persons with disabilities.  Various state laws impose similar requirements. A failure to comply with the ADA or similar state laws could lead to government imposed fines on us and/or litigation, which could also involve an award of damages to individuals affected by the non-compliance. In addition, we must operate our properties in compliance with numerous local fire and safety regulations, building codes, and other land use regulations. Compliance with these requirements can require us to spend substantial amounts of money, which would reduce cash otherwise available for distribution to shareholders. Failure to comply with these requirements could also affect the marketability of our real estate facilities.



We incur liability from tenant and employment-related claims: From time to time we have to make monetary settlements or defend actions or arbitration to resolve tenant or employment-related claims and disputes.



Development of properties can subject us to risks: As of December 31, 2016, we have a joint venture development for the purpose of developing a 395-unit multi-family project. Developments of this nature are subject to a number of risks, including construction delays, complications in obtaining necessary zoning, occupancy and other governmental permits, cost overruns, problems with our joint venture partner, financing risks, and the possible inability to meet expected occupancy and rent levels. If any of these problems occur, development costs for a project may increase, and there may be costs incurred for projects that are not completed. As a result of the foregoing, some properties may be worth less or may generate less revenue than, or simply not perform as well as, we believed at the time of development, negatively affecting our operating results. Any of the foregoing risks could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flow, and our ability to pay dividends on, and the market price of, our stock. In addition, we may be unable to successfully integrate and effectively manage the properties we develop, which could adversely affect our results of operations.



Global economic conditions adversely affect our business, financial condition, growth and access to capital. 



While there continues to be global economic uncertainty, United States unemployment levels and economic activity have improved.  Economic conditions in the markets where we operate facilities, and other events or factors could adversely affect demand for commercial real estate, which could adversely affect our business. To the extent that turmoil in the financial markets returns or intensifies, it has the potential to materially affect the value of our properties, the availability or the terms of financing and may impact the ability of our customers to enter into new leasing transactions or satisfy rental payments under existing leases. The volatility and duration of an economic recovery could also affect our operating results and financial condition as follows:



Debt and Equity Markets: Our results of operations and share price are sensitive to volatility in the credit markets. From time to time, the commercial real estate debt markets experience volatility as a result of various factors, including changing underwriting standards by lenders and credit rating agencies. This may result in lenders increasing the cost for debt financing. Should the overall cost of borrowings increase, either by increases in the index rates or by increases in lender spreads, we will need to factor such increases into the economics of our acquisitions. In addition, the state of the debt markets could have an effect on the overall amount of capital being invested in real estate, which may result in price or value decreases of real estate assets and affect our ability to raise capital.



Our ability to issue preferred shares or obtain other sources of capital, such as borrowing, has been in the past, and may in the future, be adversely affected by challenging credit market conditions. The issuance of perpetual preferred securities historically has been a significant source of capital to grow our business. We believe that we have sufficient working capital and capacity under our credit facilities and our retained cash flow from operations to continue to operate our business as usual and meet our current obligations. However, if we were unable to issue preferred shares or borrow at reasonable rates, that could limit the earnings growth that might otherwise result from the acquisition and development of real estate facilities.



Valuations: Market volatility makes the valuation of our properties difficult. There may be significant uncertainty in the valuation, or in the stability of the value, of our properties, which could result in a substantial decrease in the value of our properties. As a result, we may not be able to recover the carrying amount of our properties, which may require us to recognize an impairment charge in earnings.

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The acquisition of existing properties is a significant component of our long-term growth strategy, and acquisitions of existing properties are subject to risks that may adversely affect our growth and financial results.



We acquire existing properties, either in individual transactions or portfolios offered by other commercial real estate owners.  In addition to the general risks related to real estate described above, we are also subject to the following risks which may jeopardize our realization of benefits from acquisitions.



Any failure to manage acquisitions and other significant transactions to achieve anticipated results and to successfully integrate acquired operations into our existing business could negatively impact our financial results: To fully realize anticipated earnings from an acquisition, we must successfully integrate the property into our operating platform. Failures or unexpected circumstances in the integration process, such as a failure to maintain existing relationships with tenants and employees due to changes in processes, standards, or compensation arrangements, or circumstances we did not detect during due diligence, could jeopardize realization of the anticipated earnings.



During 2016, we acquired two multi-tenant office buildings aggregating 226,000 square feet in Rockville, Maryland, for a purchase price of $13.3 million. The buildings are located within Shady Grove Executive Park, where we own three other buildings aggregating 352,000 square feet and we will continue to seek to acquire additional multi-tenant flex, industrial and office properties where they meet our criteria. Our belief, however, is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are forward-looking and are uncertain in nature or are beyond our control, including the risks that our acquisitions and developments may not perform as expected, we may be unable to quickly integrate new acquisitions and developments into our existing operations, and any costs to develop projects or redevelop acquired properties may exceed estimates. Further, we face significant competition for suitable acquisition properties from other real estate investors, including other publicly traded real estate investment trusts and private institutional investors. As a result, we may be unable to acquire additional properties we desire or the purchase price for desirable properties may be significantly increased.



In addition, some of these properties may have unknown characteristics or deficiencies or may not complement our portfolio of existing properties. We may also finance future acquisitions and developments through a combination of borrowings, proceeds from equity or debt offerings by us or the Operating Partnership, and proceeds from property divestitures. These financing options may not be available when desired or required or may be more costly than anticipated, which could adversely affect our cash flow. Real property development is subject to a number of risks, including construction delays, complications in obtaining necessary zoning, occupancy and other governmental permits, cost overruns, financing risks, and the possible inability to meet expected occupancy and rent levels. If any of these problems occur, development costs for a project may increase, and there may be costs incurred for projects that are not completed. As a result of the foregoing, some properties may be worth less or may generate less revenue than, or simply not perform as well as, we believed at the time of acquisition or development, negatively affecting our operating results. Any of the foregoing risks could adversely affect our financial condition, operating results and cash flow, and our ability to pay dividends on, and the market price of, our stock. In addition, we may be unable to successfully integrate and effectively manage the properties we do acquire and develop, which could adversely affect our results of operations.



Acquired properties are subject to property tax reappraisals which may increase our property tax expense: Facilities that we acquire are subject to property tax reappraisal which can result in substantial increases to the ongoing property taxes paid by the seller. The reappraisal process is subject to judgment of governmental agencies regarding estimated real estate values and other factors, and as a result there is a significant degree of uncertainty in estimating the property tax expense of an acquired property. In connection with future or recent acquisitions of properties, if our estimates of property taxes following reappraisal are too low, we may not realize anticipated earnings from an acquisition.



We would incur adverse tax consequences if we fail to qualify as a REIT. 



Our cash flow would be reduced if we fail to qualify as a REIT: While we believe that we have qualified since 1990 to be taxed as a REIT, and will continue to be so qualified, we cannot be certain. To continue to qualify as a REIT, we need to satisfy certain requirements under the federal income tax laws relating to our income, assets, distributions to shareholders and shareholder base. In this regard, the share ownership limits in our articles of incorporation do not necessarily ensure that our shareholder base is sufficiently diverse for us to qualify as a REIT.

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For any year we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would be taxed at regular corporate tax rates on our taxable income unless certain relief provisions apply. Taxes would reduce our cash available for distributions to shareholders or for reinvestment, which could adversely affect us and our shareholders. Also we would not be allowed to elect REIT status for five years after we fail to qualify unless certain relief provisions apply.



We may need to borrow funds to meet our REIT distribution requirements: To qualify as a REIT, we must generally distribute to our shareholders 90% of our REIT taxable income. Our income consists primarily of our share of our Operating Partnership’s income. We intend to make sufficient distributions to qualify as a REIT and otherwise avoid corporate tax. However, differences in timing between income and expenses and the need to make nondeductible expenditures such as capital improvements and principal payments on debt could force us to borrow funds to make necessary shareholder distributions.



Subsequent to December 31, 2016, the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) increased its quarterly dividend from $0.75 per common share to $0.85 per common share, increasing quarterly distributions by $3.4 million per quarter.



The Board will continue to evaluate our dividend rate in light of our actual and projected taxable income, liquidity requirements and other circumstances, and there can be no assurance that the future dividends declared by our Board will not differ materially.



Potential changes in tax laws could negatively impact us.



The Trump Administration and the Republican-led Congress are exploring potential changes to United States tax law, such as reducing income tax rates, reducing the deductibility of interest, changing the allowable recovery periods for acquired assets, and eliminating or limiting many other deductions and credits. These potential changes, and others we may not be aware of, could have negative impacts such as reducing the value of our common stock, reducing our access to capital, or making the acquisition of real estate assets less attractive. In response, we may need to take actions such as changing our sources of capital, revising our capital allocation and asset acquisition strategy, or reconsidering our status as a REIT. Such responses could be costly, reduce cash available for distributions to shareholders, and present certain business and tax risks. We cannot predict whether, when, or to what extent new federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be adopted.



PS has significant influence over us.  



As of December 31, 2016, PS owned 7.2 million shares of the Company’s common stock and 7.3 million common units of the Operating Partnership (100.0% of the common units not owned by the Company). Assuming issuance of the Company’s common stock upon redemption of its partnership units, PS would own 42.0% (or 14.5 million shares) of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock at December 31, 2016.  In addition, the PS Business Parks name and logo are owned by PS and licensed to the Company under a non-exclusive, royalty-free license agreement. The license can be terminated by either party for any reason with six months written notice. Ronald L. Havner, Jr., the Company’s chairman, is also Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of PS. Joseph D. Russell, Jr. is a director and former Chief Executive Officer of the Company and also President of PS. Gary E. Pruitt, an independent director of the Company, is also a trustee of PS. Consequently, PS has the ability to significantly influence all matters submitted to a vote of our shareholders, including electing directors, changing our articles of incorporation, dissolving and approving other extraordinary transactions such as mergers, and all matters requiring the consent of the limited partners of the Operating Partnership. PS’s interest in such matters may differ from other shareholders. In addition, PS’s ownership may make it more difficult for another party to take over our Company without PS’s approval.

Provisions in our organizational documents may prevent changes in control.  



Our articles generally prohibit any person from owning more than 7% of our shares: Our articles of incorporation restrict the number of shares that may be owned by any “person,” and the partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership contains an anti-takeover provision. No shareholder (other than PS and certain other specified shareholders) may own more than 7% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, unless our Board waives this limitation. We imposed this limitation to avoid, to the extent possible, a concentration of ownership that might jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT. This limitation, however, also makes a change of control much more difficult (if not impossible) even if it may be favorable to our public shareholders. These provisions will prevent future

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takeover attempts not supported by PS even if a majority of our public shareholders consider it to be in their best interests as they would receive a premium for their shares over market value or for other reasons.



Our Board can set the terms of certain securities without shareholder approval: Our Board is authorized, without shareholder approval, to issue up to 50.0 million shares of preferred stock and up to 100.0 million shares of equity stock, in each case in one or more series. Our Board has the right to set the terms of each of these series of stock. Consequently, the Board could set the terms of a series of stock that could make it difficult (if not impossible) for another party to take over our Company even if it might be favorable to our public shareholders. Our articles of incorporation also contain other provisions that could have the same effect. We can also cause our Operating Partnership to issue additional interests for cash or in exchange for property.



The partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership restricts mergers: The partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership generally provides that we may not merge or engage in a similar transaction unless the limited partners of our Operating Partnership are entitled to receive the same proportionate payments as our shareholders. In addition, we have agreed not to merge unless the merger would have been approved had the limited partners been able to vote together with our shareholders, which has the effect of increasing PS’s influence over us due to PS’s ownership of operating partnership units. These provisions may make it more difficult for us to merge with another entity.



The interests of limited partners of our Operating Partnership may conflict with the interests of our common stockholders.



Limited partners of our Operating Partnership, including PS, have the right to vote on certain changes to the partnership agreement. They may vote in a way that is against the interests of our shareholders. Also, as general partner of our Operating Partnership, we are required to protect the interests of the limited partners of the Operating Partnership. The interests of the limited partners and of our shareholders may differ.



We depend on external sources of capital to grow our Company.



We are generally required under the Code to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income. Because of this distribution requirement, we may not be able to fund future capital needs, including any necessary building and tenant improvements, from operating cash flow. Consequently, we may need to rely on third-party sources of capital to fund our capital needs. We may not be able to obtain the financing on favorable terms or at all. Access to third-party sources of capital depends, in part, on general market conditions, the market’s perception of our growth potential, our current and expected future earnings, our cash flow, and the market price per share of our common stock. If we cannot obtain capital from third-party sources, we may not be able to acquire properties when strategic opportunities exist, satisfy any debt service obligations, or make cash distributions to shareholders.



We are subject to laws and governmental regulations and actions that affect our operating results and financial condition. 



Our business is subject to regulation under a wide variety of U.S. federal, state and local laws, regulations and policies including those imposed by the SEC, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), as well as applicable local, state and national labor laws. Although we have policies and procedures designed to comply with applicable laws and regulations, failure to comply with the various laws and regulations may result in civil and criminal liability, fines and penalties, increased costs of compliance and restatement of our financial statements and could also affect the marketability of our real estate facilities.



There can also be no assurance that, in response to current economic conditions or the current political environment or otherwise, laws and regulations will not be implemented or changed in ways that adversely affect our operating results and financial condition, such as recently adopted legislation that expands health care coverage costs or facilitates union activity or federal legislative proposals to otherwise increase operating costs.



Terrorist attacks and the possibility of wider armed conflict may have an adverse impact on our business and operating results and could decrease the value of our assets. 



Terrorist attacks and other acts of violence or war could have a material adverse impact on our business and

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operating results. There can be no assurance that there will not be further terrorist attacks against the U.S. Attacks or armed conflicts that directly impact one or more of our properties could significantly affect our ability to operate those properties and thereby impair our operating results. Further, we may not have insurance coverage for losses caused by a terrorist attack. Such insurance may not be available, or if it is available and we decide to obtain such terrorist coverage, the cost for the insurance may be significant in relationship to the risk overall. In addition, the adverse effects that such violent acts and threats of future attacks could have on the U.S. economy could similarly have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Finally, further terrorist acts could cause the U.S. to enter into a wider armed conflict, which could further impact our business and operating results.



Holders of depositary shares, each representing 1/1,000 of a share of our outstanding preferred stock, have dividend, liquidation and other rights that are senior to the rights of the holders of shares of our common stock.



Our shares of preferred stock are entitled to cumulative dividends before any dividends may be declared or set aside on our common stock. Upon our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, before any payment is made to holders of our common stock, shares of our preferred stock are entitled to receive a liquidation preference of $25,000 per share (or $25.00 per depositary share) plus any accrued and unpaid distributions. This will reduce the remaining amount of our assets, if any, available to distribute to holders of our common stock. In addition, our preferred stockholders have the right to elect two additional directors to our Board whenever dividends are in arrears in an aggregate amount equivalent to six or more quarterly dividends, whether or not consecutive.



Future issuances by us of shares of our common stock may be dilutive to existing stockholders, and future sales of shares of our common stock may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.



Sales of substantial amounts of shares of our common stock in the public market (either by us or by PS), or issuances of shares of common stock in connection with redemptions of common units of our Operating Partnership, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. The Company may seek to engage in common stock offerings in the future. Offerings of common stock, including by us in connection with portfolio or other property acquisitions or by PS in secondary offerings, and the issuance of common units of the Operating Partnership in exchange for shares of common stock, could have an adverse effect on the market price of the shares of our common stock.



We rely on technology in our operations and failures, inadequacies or interruptions to our service could harm our business.



The execution of our business strategy is heavily dependent on the use of technologies and systems, including the Internet, to access, store, transmit, deliver and manage information and processes. Although we believe we have taken commercially reasonable steps to protect the security of our systems, there can be no assurance that such security measures will prevent failures, inadequacies or interruptions in system services, or that system security will not be breached. Disruptions in service, system shutdowns and security breaches could have a material adverse effect on our business.



ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 



None.



ITEM 2. PROPERTIES



As of December 31, 2016, the Company owned 99 business parks consisting of a geographically diverse portfolio of 28.1 million rentable square feet of commercial real estate which consists of 14.6 million square feet of flex space, 8.8 million square feet of industrial space and 4.7 million square feet of office space. The weighted average occupancy rate throughout 2016 was 94.0% and the realized rent per square foot was $14.61.

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The following table reflects the geographical diversification of the 99 business parks owned by the Company as of December 31, 2016, the type of the rentable square footage and the weighted average occupancy rates throughout 2016 (except as set forth below, all of the properties are held in fee simple interest) (in thousands, except number of business parks):



____________





While we currently anticipate that each of the properties listed above will continue to be used for its current purpose. Management will from time to time evaluate its properties from a highest and best use perspective. Competition exists in each of the market areas in which these properties are located.



The Company renovates its properties in connection with the re-leasing of space to tenants and expects that it will fund the costs of such renovations from rental income. From time to time the Company may identify higher and better use of its assets. The Company has risks that tenants will default on leases and declare bankruptcy. Management believes these risks are mitigated through the Company’s geographic diversity and diverse tenant base. 



The Company evaluates the performance of its business parks primarily based on NOI. NOI is defined by the Company as rental income as defined by GAAP less cost of operations as defined by GAAP, excluding depreciation and amortization.  NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure that is often used by investors to determine the performance and value of commercial real estate.  Management believes NOI provides the most consistent measurement on a comparative basis of the performance of the commercial real estate and its contribution to the value of the Company.  Depreciation and amortization have been excluded from NOI as they are generally not used in determining the value of commercial real estate by management or the investment community. Depreciation and amortization are generally not used in determining value as they consider the historical costs of an asset compared to its current value; therefore, to understand the effect of the assets’ historical cost on the Company’s results, investors should look at GAAP financial measures, such as total operating costs including depreciation and amortization. The Company’s calculation of NOI may not be comparable to those of other companies and should not be used as an alternative to measures of performance calculated in accordance with GAAP. Following the table below, we have reconciled total NOI to net income, which we consider the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. The following information illustrates adjusted rental income, adjusted cost of operations and NOI generated by the Company’s total portfolio in 2016,  2015 and 2014 by state and by property classifications. Assets disposed of or transferred to development are reflected as assets sold or held for development.

 

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The Company’s calculation of NOI may not be comparable to those of other companies and should not be used as an alternative to measures of performance in accordance with GAAP. In order to provide a meaningful period-to-period comparison,  adjusted rental income in the tables below exclude a  material lease buyout payment noted below and adjusted cost of operations exclude amortization of the Senior Management Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan (“LTEIP”) related to field leadership. The tables below also include a reconciliation of NOI to the most comparable amounts based on GAAP (in thousands):



 

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The following table reconciles NOI to net income as determined by GAAP (in thousands):



____________





Portfolio Information



The table below sets forth information with respect to occupancy and rental rates of the Company’s total portfolio for each of the last five years, including discontinued operations:



____________





The following table sets forth the lease expirations for all operating assets as of December 31, 2016 (dollars and square feet in thousands):



Lease Expirations as of December 31, 2016





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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 



We are not presently subject to material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us, other than routine actions for negligence and other claims and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, some of which are expected to be covered by liability insurance or third party indemnifications and all of which collectively are not expected to have a materially adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.



ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 



Not applicable.



PART II



ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES



Market Price of the Registrant’s Common Equity:



The common stock of the Company trades on the NYSE under the symbol PSB. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of the common stock on the NYSE for the applicable periods:





Holders:



As of February 20, 2017, there were 315 holders of record of the common stock.



Dividends:



Holders of common stock are entitled to receive distributions when, as and if declared by our Board out of any funds legally available for that purpose. The Company is required to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income prior to the filing of the Company’s tax return to maintain its REIT status for federal income tax purposes. It is management’s intention to pay distributions of not less than these required amounts.



Subsequent to December 31, 2016, the Board increased its quarterly dividend from $0.75 per common share to $0.85 per common share, increasing quarterly distributions by $3.4 million per quarter.



The Board has established a distribution policy intended to maximize the retention of operating cash flow and distribute the amount required for the Company to maintain its tax status as a REIT.

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Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities:



The Board previously authorized the repurchase, from time to time, of up to 6.5 million shares of the Company’s common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. During the three months ended December 31, 2016, there were no shares of the Company’s common stock repurchased. As of December 31, 2016, the Company has 1,614,721 shares available for repurchase under the program. The program does not expire. Purchases will be made subject to market conditions and other investment opportunities available to the Company.



Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans:



The equity compensation plan information is provided in Item 12, “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.” 



ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA



The following sets forth selected consolidated financial and operating information on a historical basis of the Company. The following information should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of the Company included in this Form 10-K.





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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS



The following discussion and analysis of the results of operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with the selected financial data and the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Form 10-K.



Overview



All operating metrics discussed in this section as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016,  2015 and 2014 exclude assets sold or held for development. Management believes excluding the results of such assets provides the most relevant perspective on the ongoing operations of the Company. Please refer to “Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules” for financial metrics that include results from assets sold or held for development.



The Company focuses on increasing profitability and cash flow aimed at maximizing shareholder value. The Company strives to maintain high occupancy levels while increasing rental rates and minimizing capital expenditures when market conditions allow, although the Company may decrease rental rates in markets where conditions require. The Company also acquires properties it believes will create long-term value, and from time to time disposes of properties which no longer fit within the Company’s strategic objectives. Operating results are driven primarily by income from rental operations and are therefore substantially influenced by demand for rental space within our properties and our markets, which impacts occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements.



During 2016, the Company executed leases comprising 7.6 million square feet of space including 5.1 million square feet of renewals of existing leases and 2.5 million square feet of new leases. Overall, the change in rental rates for the Company continued to improve. See further discussion of operating results below.



Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates: 



Our accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K. We believe our most critical accounting policies relate to revenue recognition, property acquisitions, allowance for doubtful accounts, impairment of long-lived assets, depreciation, accruals of operating expenses and accruals for contingencies, each of which are more fully discussed below.



Revenue Recognition: The Company must meet four basic criteria before revenue can be recognized: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; the delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; the fee is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. All leases are classified as operating leases. Rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases. Straight-line rent is recognized for all tenants with contractual fixed increases in rent that are not included on the Company’s credit watch list. Deferred rent receivable represents rental revenue recognized on a straight-line basis in excess of billed rents. Reimbursements from tenants for real estate taxes and other recoverable operating expenses are recognized as rental income in the period the applicable costs are incurred. Property management fees are recognized in the period earned.



Property Acquisitions: The purchase price of acquired properties is recorded to land, buildings and improvements (including tenant improvements, unamortized lease commissions, acquired in-place lease values, and tenant relationships, if any) and intangible assets and liabilities associated with the value of above-market and below-market leases based on their respective estimated fair values. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred.



In determining the fair value of the tangible assets of the acquired properties, management considers the value of the properties as if vacant as of the acquisition date. Management must make significant assumptions in determining the value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Using different assumptions in the recording of the purchase cost of the acquired properties would affect the timing of recognition of the related revenue and expenses. Amounts recorded to land are derived from comparable sales of land within the same region. Amounts recorded to buildings and improvements, tenant improvements and unamortized lease commissions are based on current market replacement costs and other market information.

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The value recorded to the above-market or below-market in-place lease values of acquired properties is determined based upon the present value (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the acquired leases) of the difference between (i) the contractual rents to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases, and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease. The amounts recorded to above-market or below-market leases are included in other assets or other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are amortized on a straight-line basis as an increase or reduction of rental income over the remaining non-cancelable term of the respective leases.



Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Rental revenue from our tenants is our principal source of revenue. Tenant receivables consist primarily of amounts due for contractual lease payments, reimbursements of common area maintenance expenses, property taxes and other expenses recoverable from tenants. Deferred rent receivable represents the amount that the cumulative straight-line rental income recorded to date exceeds cash rents billed to date under the lease agreement. We monitor the collectability of our receivable balances including the deferred rent receivable on an ongoing basis. Based on these reviews, we maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the possible inability of our tenants to make contractual rent payments to us. Tenant receivables and deferred rent receivable are carried net of the allowances for uncollectible tenant receivables and deferred rent. Determination of the adequacy of these allowances requires significant judgments and estimates, and our evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for uncollectible current tenant receivables and deferred rent receivable are performed using a methodology that incorporates specific identification, aging analysis, an overall evaluation of the historical loss trends and the current economic and business environment.



Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: The Company evaluates a property for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate our entire portfolio for impairment based on current operating information. In the event that these periodic assessments reflect that the carrying amount of a property exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows (excluding interest) that are expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the property, the Company would recognize an impairment loss to the extent the carrying amount exceeded the estimated fair value of the property. The estimation of expected future net cash flows is inherently uncertain and relies on subjective assumptions dependent upon future and current market conditions and events that affect the ultimate value of the property. Management must make assumptions related to the property such as future rental rates, tenant allowances, operating expenditures, property taxes, capital improvements, occupancy levels and the estimated proceeds generated from the future sale of the property. These assumptions could differ materially from actual results in future periods. Our intent to hold properties over the long-term directly decreases the likelihood of recording an impairment loss. If our strategy changes or if market conditions otherwise dictate an earlier sale date, an impairment loss could be recognized, and such loss could be material.



Depreciation: We compute depreciation on our buildings and improvements using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives generally ranging from five to 30 years. A significant portion of the acquisition cost of each property is recorded to building and building components. The recording of the acquisition cost to building and building components, as well as the determination of their useful lives, are based on estimates. If we do not appropriately record to these components or we incorrectly estimate the useful lives of these components, our computation of depreciation expense may not appropriately reflect the actual impact of these costs over future periods, which will affect net income. In addition, the net book value of real estate assets could be overstated or understated. The statement of cash flows, however, would not be affected.



Accruals of Operating Expenses: The Company accrues for property tax expenses, performance bonuses and other operating expenses each quarter based on historical trends and anticipated disbursements. If these estimates are incorrect, the timing and amount of expense recognized will be affected.



Accruals for Contingencies: The Company is exposed to business and legal liability risks with respect to events that may have occurred, but in accordance with GAAP has not accrued for such potential liabilities because the loss is either not probable or not estimable. Future events could result in such potential losses becoming probable and estimable, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations.



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Effect of Economic Conditions on the Company’s Operations: Throughout 2016,  most markets continued to reflect favorable conditions allowing for stable to improving occupancy as well as increasing rental rates.  With the exception of the Virginia and Maryland markets, new rental rates for the Company improved over expiring rental rates on executed leases as economic conditions and tenant demand remained healthy.  The Virginia and Maryland markets continue to experience soft market conditions as evidenced by continued pressure on occupancy and rental rates. In these markets, rental rates on executed leases declined 7.2% and 5.7%, respectively, over expiring rents for the year ended December 31, 2016. Given lease expirations of 925,000 square feet in Virginia and 334,000 square feet in Maryland through December 31, 2017,  the Company may continue to experience a decrease in rental income in these markets.



Tenant Credit Risk: The Company historically has experienced a low level of write-offs of uncollectable rents, but there is inherent uncertainty in a tenant’s ability to continue paying rent and meet its full lease obligation. The table below summarizes the impact to the Company from tenants’ inability to pay rent or continue to meet their lease obligations (in thousands):





As of February 20,  2017, the Company had 64,000 square feet of leased space occupied by three tenants that are protected by Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. From time to time, tenants contact us, requesting early termination of their lease, reductions in space under lease, or rent deferment or abatement. At this time, the Company cannot anticipate what impact, if any, the ultimate outcome of these discussions will have on our future operating results.



Company Performance and Effect of Economic Conditions on Primary Markets: During the year ended December 31, 2016, initial rental rates on new and renewed leases within the Company’s total portfolio increased 5.3% over expiring rents, an improvement from the year ended December 31, 2015, in which initial rental rates on new and renewed leases increased 4.4%. The Company’s Same Park (defined below) occupancy rate at December 31, 2016 was 95.0%, compared to 94.7% at December 31, 2015. The Company’s total portfolio occupancy rate at December 31, 2016 was 94.4% compared to 94.8% at December 31, 2015. The decrease is tied to the September 2016 acquisition of two buildings in Maryland comprising 226,000 square feet that were 18.5% leased at December 31, 2016.  The Company’s operations are substantially concentrated in eight regions. Each of the eight regions in which the Company owns assets is subject to its own unique market influences. See “Supplemental Property Data and Trends” below for more information on regional operating data.



Effect of Acquisitions, Development and Dispositions of Properties on the Company’s Operations:  The Company is focused on growing its operations by looking for opportunities to expand its presence in existing and new markets through strategic acquisitions that meet the Company’s focus on multi-tenant flex, industrial and office parks in markets where it has or may obtain a substantial market presence. The Company may also from time to time dispose of assets based on market conditions.  

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On September 28, 2016, the Company acquired two multi-tenant office buildings aggregating 226,000 square feet in Rockville, Maryland, for a purchase price of $13.3 million. The buildings, which were 18.5% leased at the time of acquisition, are located within Shady Grove Executive Park, where the Company owns three other buildings aggregating 352,000 square feet, which were 85.2% leased as of December 31, 2016.



As of December 31, 2016, the blended occupancy rate of the six assets acquired during 2014 and 2016,  which comprise the 904,000 square feet of Non-Same Park portfolio (defined below), was 76.9% compared to a blended occupancy rate of 39.7% at the time of acquisition. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had 209,000 square feet of vacant space spread over these acquisitions, which we believe provides the Company with the opportunity to generate additional rental income given that the Company’s Same Park assets in these same submarkets have a weighted average occupancy of 95.1% at December 31, 2016. The table below contains the assets acquired during 2014 and 2016 (dollars and square feet in thousands):





As of November 1, 2016, the Company transferred a 123,000 square foot building located in Tysons, Virginia to land and building held for development.



During 2015, the Company completed the sale of assets in Tempe, Arizona, Sacramento, California, Milwaukie, Oregon and Redmond, Washington. The assets sold aggregated 574,000 square feet and generated net proceeds of $55.2 million, which resulted in an aggregate gain of $28.2 million.



During 2014, the Company sold five business parks aggregating 1.9 million square feet and 11.5 acres of land in non-strategic markets, including Portland, Oregon and Phoenix, Arizona, for net proceeds of $212.2 million, which resulted in a gain of $92.4 million. 



PSB holds a 95.0% interest in the Joint Venture with the remaining 5.0% held by the JV Partner. The aggregate amount of development costs are estimated to be $105.6 million (excluding unrealized land appreciation), of which the Company is committed to funding $75.0 million through a construction loan. The Company’s investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint venture was $67.2 million as of December 31, 2016. The Project is expected to deliver its first completed units in the spring of 2017, with final completion of the Project expected in early 2018.



Scheduled Lease Expirations: In addition to the 1.6 million square feet, or 5.6%, of vacancy in our total portfolio as of December 31, 2016,  2,217 leases, representing 6.3 million square feet, or 24.0% of the leased square footage of our total portfolio are scheduled to expire in 2017. Our ability to re-lease available space will depend upon market conditions in the specific submarkets in which our properties are located. As a result, we cannot predict with certainty the rate at which expiring leases will be re-leased.



Impact of Inflation: Although inflation has not been significant in recent years, it remains a potential factor in our economy, and the Company continues to seek ways to mitigate its potential impact. A substantial portion of the Company’s leases require tenants to pay operating expenses, including real estate taxes, utilities, and insurance, as well as increases in common area expenses, partially reducing the Company’s exposure to inflation.



To present comparative results, for the purpose of computing NOI, the tables below exclude amortization of the Senior Management Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan (“LTEIP”) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.



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Concentration of Portfolio by Region: The table below reflects the Company’s square footage based on regional concentration as of December 31, 2016. As part of the table below, we have reconciled total NOI to net income (in thousands):





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Concentration of Credit Risk by Industry: The information below depicts the industry concentration of our tenant base as of December 31, 2016.  The Company analyzes this concentration to minimize significant industry exposure risk.





The information below depicts the Company’s top 10 customers by annualized rental income as of December 31, 2016 (in thousands):



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Comparison of 2016 to 2015



Results of Operations: Net income for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $145.0 million compared to $149.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. Net income allocable to common shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2016 was $62.9 million compared to $68.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. Net income per common share on a diluted basis was $2.31 for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $2.52 for the year ended December 31, 2015 (based on weighted average diluted common shares outstanding of 27,179,000 and 27,051,000, respectively). The decrease in net income allocable to common shareholders was primarily due to gain on sale of assets reported in 2015 partially offset by an increase in overall NOI and lower interest expense in 2016.



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In order to evaluate the performance of the Company’s portfolio over comparable periods, management analyzes the operating performance of properties owned and operated throughout both periods (herein referred to as “Same Park”). The Same Park portfolio includes all operating properties acquired prior to January 1, 2014. Operating properties acquired subsequently are referred to as “Non-Same Park.” For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Same Park facilities constitute 27.2 million rentable square feet, representing 96.8% of the 28.1 million square feet in the Company’s total portfolio as of December 31, 2016.



The following table presents the operating results of the Company’s properties for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 in addition to other income and expenses items affecting net income (in thousands, except per square foot data):  



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Rental Income: Rental income increased $13.7 million, or 3.7%, from $373.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to $386.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. For comparative purposes, management has adjusted rental income for a material lease buyout payment of $528,000 recorded in 2016 and rental income from assets sold or held for development of $3.3 million and $6.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Adjusted rental income increased $16.3 million from $366.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to $383.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as a result of an increase in the Same Park portfolio of $14.5 million, or 4.0%, combined with a $1.8 million, or 33.1%, increase from Non-Same Park facilities. The Same Park increase was due to increases in occupancy and executed rental rates.



Facility Management Fees: Facility management fees, derived from PS, account for a small portion of the Company’s revenues. During the year ended December 31, 2016, $518,000 of revenue was recognized from facility management fees compared to $540,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015.



Cost of Operations: Cost of operations increased $1.9 million, or 1.6%,  from $121.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to $123.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. For comparative purposes, management has adjusted cost of operations for LTEIP amortization of $3.0 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, as well as, cost of operations from assets sold or held for development of $905,000 and $1.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Adjusted cost of operations increased $2.4 million, or 2.0%, from $116.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to $119.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 as a result of increases in the Same Park portfolio of $2.1 million, or 1.9% and Non-Same Park facilities of $262,000, or 12.3%. This Same Park increase was due to increases in property taxes and repairs and maintenance costs partially offset by a decrease in compensation expense.



Depreciation and Amortization Expense: Depreciation and amortization expense was $99.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $105.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease in depreciation and amortization expense was due to a reduction in capital expenditure additions combined with assets being fully depreciated.



General and Administrative Expenses: For the year ended December 31, 2016, general and administrative expenses increased $1.3 million, or 9.4%, over 2015. For comparative purposes, management has adjusted general and administrative expenses for LTEIP amortization of $6.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as well as, acquisition transaction costs of $328,000 recorded in 2016. The increase in the LTEIP amortization was primarily due to a net non-cash stock compensation charge of $2.0 million recorded in 2016 related to a change in senior management and the future issuances of restricted stock units our former Chief Executive Officer will receive under the Company’s LTEIP. Adjusted general and administrative expenses decreased $40,000, or 0.5%, resulting from a decrease in compensation expense.



Net Income Allocable to Noncontrolling Interests: Net income allocable to noncontrolling interests reflects the net income allocable to equity interests in the Operating Partnership that are not owned by the Company. Net income allocable to noncontrolling interests was $17.0 million and $18.5 million of allocated income to common unit holders for the years December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The decrease was primarily the result of the gain on sale of real estate facilities recognized in 2015 partially offset by an increase in overall NOI.



Supplemental Property Data and Trends: NOI is summarized for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 by region below. See Item 2, “Properties” above for more information on NOI, including why the Company presents NOI and how the Company uses NOI. The Company’s calculation of NOI may not be comparable to those of other companies and should not be used as an alternative to measures of performance calculated in accordance with GAAP.



The following table summarizes the Same Park and Non-Same Park operating results by region for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. In addition, the table reflects the comparative impact on the overall adjusted rental income, adjusted cost of operations and NOI from properties that have been acquired since January 1, 2014, and the impact of such is included in Non-Same Park facilities in the table below. As part of the table below, we have reconciled total NOI to net income (in thousands):

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The following table summarizes Same Park weighted average occupancy rates and realized rent per square foot by region for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.  Realized rent per square foot for Virginia and Total Same Park excludes a material lease buyout payment of $528,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016.





Comparison of 2015 to 2014



Results of Operations: Net income for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $149.0 million compared to $204.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Net income allocable to common shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $68.3 million compared to $113.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. Net income per common share on a diluted basis was $2.52 for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $4.19 for the year ended December 31, 2014 (based on weighted average diluted common shares outstanding of 27,051,000 and 27,000,000, respectively). The decrease in net income allocable to common shareholders was primarily due to higher

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gain on sale of assets reported in 2014 (gain on sale of real estate facilities was $28.2 million in 2015 compared to $92.4 million in 2014).



For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Same Park facilities constitute 27.2 million rentable square feet, representing 97.1% of the 28.0 million square feet in the Company’s total portfolio as of December 31, 2015.



The following table presents the operating results of the Company’s properties for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 in addition to other income and expenses items affecting net income (in thousands, except per square foot data):

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Rental Income:  Rental income decreased $3.1 million from $376.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 to $373.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. For comparative purposes, management has adjusted rental income for rental income from assets sold or held for development of $6.3 million and $28.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Adjusted rental income increased $19.1 million from $347.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 to $366.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 as a result of an increase from the Same Park portfolio of $14.2 million, or 4.1%, combined with a $4.9 million increase from Non-Same Park facilities. The Same Park increase was due to increases in occupancy and executed rental rates, while the Non-Same Park increase was due to a combination of an increase in occupancy and the acquisition of additional parks during the latter half of 2014.



Facility Management Fees: Facility management fees, derived from PS, account for a small portion of the Company’s revenues. During the year ended December 31, 2015, $540,000 of revenue was recognized from facility management fees compared to $660,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014.



Cost of Operations: Cost of operations decreased $6.1 million from $127.4  million for the year ended December 31, 2014 to $121.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. For comparative purposes, management has adjusted cost of operations for LTEIP amortization of $2.5 million and $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, as well as, cost of operations from assets sold or held for development of $1.9 million and $10.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Adjusted cost of operations increased $2.8 million, or 2.5%, from $114.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 to $116.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 as a result of an increase in the Non-Same Park facilities of $1.5 million combined with an increase in the Same Park portfolio of $1.3 million, or 1.1%. The increase in Same Park cost of operations was a result of increases in repairs and maintenance costs and property taxes driven by higher assessed values partially offset by lower utility costs.



Depreciation and Amortization Expense: Depreciation and amortization expense was $105.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $110.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The decrease in depreciation and amortization expense was due to the disposition of assets, partially offset by 2014 acquisitions.



General and Administrative Expenses: General and administrative expenses decreased $57,000 to $13.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. For comparative purposes, management has adjusted general and administrative expenses for LTEIP amortization of $5.8 million and $4.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, as well as, acquisition transaction costs of $350,000 recorded during 2014. Adjusted general and administrative expenses decreased $671,000, or 7.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2015 over the same period in 2014 as a result of non-cash expense of $840,000 relating to adjustments made to outstanding stock options in December, 2014 in connection with the special cash dividend, as well as an adjustment to shares to be granted to directors upon retirement in 2014.



Net Income Allocable to Noncontrolling Interests: Net income allocable to noncontrolling interests reflects the net income allocable to equity interests in the Operating Partnership that are not owned by the Company. Net income allocable to noncontrolling interests was $18.5 million and $30.7 million of allocated income to common unit holders for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to higher gain on sale of assets reported in 2014 (gain on sale of real estate facilities was $28.2 million in 2015 compared to $92.4 million in 2014) partially offset with an increase in NOI.



Supplemental Property Data and Trends: NOI is summarized for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 by region below. The Company’s calculation of NOI may not be comparable to those of other companies and should not be used as an alternative to measures of performance calculated in accordance with GAAP.



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The following table summarizes the Same Park and Non-Same Park operating results by region for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. In addition, the table reflects the comparative impact on the overall adjusted rental income, adjusted cost of operations and NOI from properties that have been acquired since January 1, 2014, and the impact of such is included in Non-Same Park facilities in the table below. As part of the table below, we have reconciled total NOI to net income (in thousands):





The following table summarizes Same Park weighted average occupancy rates and realized rent per square foot by region for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.  







Liquidity and Capital Resources



Cash and cash equivalents decreased $60.3 million from $188.9 million at December 31, 2015 to $128.6 million at December 31, 2016 for the reasons noted below.



Net cash provided by operating activities for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $250.5 million and $238.8 million, respectively. The increase of $11.7 million in net cash provided by operating activities was

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primarily due to an increase in NOI. Management believes that the Company’s internally generated net cash provided by operating activities will be sufficient to enable it to meet its operating expenses, capital expenditures, debt service requirements and distributions to shareholders for the foreseeable future.



Net cash used in investing activities was $85.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015.  The change was primarily due to net proceeds of $55.2 million received from assets sold in 2015 combined with a $34.9 million increase in cash investment in the Joint Venture and $12.6 million acquisition in Rockville, Maryland, in 2016. This change was partially offset by a decrease in cash paid related to capital improvements.



Net cash used in financing activities was $225.8 million and $205.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The change was primarily due to repayment of mortgage note payable of $250.0 million in 2016 combined with an increase in distributions paid to common shareholders and unit holders of $27.8 million ($3.00 per share in 2016 compared to $2.20 in 2015). This change was also impacted by net preferred equity transactions of $258.3 million resulting from the issuance of preferred equity of $183.3 million in 2016 and the redemption of preferred equity of $75.0 million in 2015.



As described in Item 1, “Business — Borrowings,” the Company repaid in full the $250.0 million mortgage note in 2016. The Company had no balance outstanding on its $250.0 million Credit Facility at December 31, 2016 and 2015. Subsequent to December 31, 2016, the Company had $85.0 million outstanding on the Credit Facility in conjunction to the redemption of its 6.45% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series S. See Notes 6 and 7 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K for a summary of the Company’s outstanding borrowings as of December 31, 2016.



The Company’s preferred equity outstanding decreased from 22.0% of its market capitalization during the year ended December 31, 2015 to 21.7% at December 31, 2016 primarily due to an increase in stock price from $87.43 at December 31, 2015 to $116.52 at December 31, 2016 combined with the repayment of the $250.0 million mortgage note. The Company calculates market capitalization by adding (1) the liquidation preference of the Company’s outstanding preferred equity, (2) principal value of the Company’s outstanding debt and (3) the total number of common shares and common units outstanding at December 31, 2016 multiplied by the closing price of the stock on that date.



The Company focuses on retaining cash for reinvestment, as we believe this provides us the greatest level of financial flexibility. As operating fundamentals improve, additional increases in distributions to the Company’s common shareholders may be required. The Company will continue to monitor its taxable income and the corresponding dividend requirements as discussed below. 



Issuance of Preferred Stock: On October 20, 2016, the Company issued $189.8 million or 7,590,000 depositary shares, each representing 1/1,000 of a share of the 5.20% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series W, at $25.00 per depositary share. 



Redemption of Preferred Stock: On December 7, 2016, the Company called for the redemption of its 6.45% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series S, at its par value of $230.0 million and subsequently completed the redemption on January 18, 2017. The Company reported non-cash distributions of $7.3 million, representing the original issuance costs, as a reduction of net income allocable to common shareholders and unit holders for the year ended December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, the Company reclassified the 6.45% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series S, of $230.0 million from equity to liabilities as preferred stock called for redemption.



On October 15, 2015, the Company completed the redemption of its 6.875% Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series R, at its par value of $75.0 million. The Company reported non-cash distributions of $2.5 million, representing the original issuance costs, as a reduction of net income allocable to common shareholders and unit holders for the year ended December 31, 2015.



Repurchase of Common Stock: No shares of common stock were repurchased under the board approved common stock repurchase program during the years ended December 31, 2016 or 2015.



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Mortgage Note Repayment: On June 1, 2016, the Company repaid in full a $250.0 million mortgage note which had a fixed interest rate of 5.45%. 



Investment in and Advances to Unconsolidated Joint Venture: The aggregate amount of development costs are estimated to be $105.6 million (excluding unrealized land appreciation), of which the Company is committed to funding $75.0 million through a construction loan in addition to capital contributions of $28.5 million, which includes a land basis of $15.3 million, to the Joint Venture. The Company’s investment in and advances to unconsolidated joint venture was $67.2 million and $26.7 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company made loan advances of $33.9 million, capital contributions of $5.7 million and capitalized $885,000 of interest.



Prior to the Contribution Date, the Company capitalized $2.8 million to the Project, of which $813,000 was related to capitalized interest from January 1, 2015 through October 5, 2015. Subsequent to the Contribution Date, the Company made capital contributions of $5.2 million and capitalized $346,000 of interest on its investment in the Joint Venture from October 6, 2015 through December 31, 2015. The Company made no loan advances to the Joint Venture in 2015.



At December 31, 2014, the land and capitalized development costs were $18.4 million for the Project. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company capitalized $2.2 million to the Project, of which $944,000 was related to capitalized interest.



Capital Expenditures: The Company defines recurring capital expenditures as those necessary to maintain and operate its commercial real estate at its current economic value. During the years ended December 31, 2016,  2015 and 2014, the Company expended $31.0 million,  $39.8 million and $47.2 million, respectively, in recurring capital expenditures, or $1.10,  $1.41 and $1.59 per weighted average square foot owned, respectively. Tenant improvements exclude tenant reimbursements of $5.4 million, $3.1 million and $2.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Nonrecurring capital improvements include property renovations and expenditures related to repositioning acquisitions.



The following table depicts capital expenditures (in thousands):  





Capital expenditures on a per square foot owned basis are as follows:







For the year ended December 31, 2016,  recurring capital expenditures decreased $8.9 million, or 22.3%, over 2015 primarily due to lower tenant improvement costs and continued efforts to reduce capital expenditures.



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Distributions: The Company has elected and intends to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In order to maintain its status as a REIT, the Company must meet, among other tests, sources of income, share ownership and certain asset tests. As a REIT, the Company is not taxed on that portion of its taxable income that is distributed to its shareholders provided that at least 90% of its REIT taxable income is distributed to its shareholders prior to the filing of its tax return.



Subsequent to December 31, 2016, the Board increased its quarterly dividend from $0.75 per common share to $0.85 per common share, increasing quarterly distributions by $3.4 million per quarter.



The Company paid distributions of $138.6 million  ($57.3 million to preferred shareholders and $81.3 million to common shareholders), $118.8 million ($59.4 million to preferred shareholders and $59.4 million to common shareholders) and $188.3 million ($60.5 million to preferred shareholders and $127.8 million to common shareholders) during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. All of these distributions were REIT qualifying distributions.



The Board will continue to evaluate our dividend rate in light of our actual and projected taxable income, liquidity requirements and other circumstances, and there can be no assurance that the future dividends declared by our Board will not differ materially.



The Company’s funding strategy has been to primarily use permanent capital, including common and preferred stock, along with internally generated retained cash flows to meet its liquidity needs. In addition, the Company may sell properties that no longer meet its investment criteria. From time to time, the Company may use its Credit Facility or other forms of debt to facilitate real estate acquisitions or other capital allocations. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred distributions coverage ratio was 2.1 to 1.0. The Company targets a minimum ratio of FFO to combined fixed charges and preferred distributions of 3.0 to 1.0. Fixed charges include interest expense and capitalized interest while preferred distributions include amounts paid to preferred shareholders and preferred Operating Partnership unit holders. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the FFO to combined fixed charges and preferred distributions coverage ratio was 3.9 to 1.0, excluding the non-cash charge for the issuance costs related to the redemption of preferred equity.



Non-GAAP Supplemental Disclosure Measure: FFO: Management believes that FFO and FFO, as adjusted are useful supplemental measures of the Company’s operating performance. The Company computes FFO in accordance with the White Paper on FFO approved by the Board of Governors of NAREIT. The White Paper defines FFO as net income, computed in accordance with GAAP, before depreciation, amortization, gains or losses on asset dispositions, net income allocable to noncontrolling interests — common units, net income allocable to restricted stock unit holders, impairment charges and nonrecurring items. Management believes that FFO provides a useful measure of the Company’s operating performance and when compared year over year, reflects the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, development activities, general and administrative expenses and interest costs, providing a perspective not immediately apparent from net income.



FFO and FFO, as adjusted should be analyzed in conjunction with net income. However, FFO and FFO, as adjusted should not be viewed as substitutes for net income as measures of operating performance or liquidity, as they do not reflect depreciation and amortization costs or the level of capital expenditure and leasing costs necessary to maintain the operating performance of the Company’s properties, which are significant economic costs and could materially affect the Company’s results of operations.



Management believes FFO provides useful information to the investment community about the Company’s operating performance when compared to the performance of other real estate companies as FFO is generally recognized as the industry standard for reporting operations of REITs. Management believes FFO, as adjusted provides useful information to the investment community by adjusting FFO for certain items so as to provide more meaningful period-to-period comparisons of our operating performance. Other REITs may use different methods for calculating FFO and/or FFO, as adjusted and, accordingly, our FFO and FFO, as adjusted may not be comparable to other real estate companies’ FFO and/or FFO, as adjusted.

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FFO for the Company is computed as follows (in thousands, except per share data):



____________





The following table reconciles reported FFO to FFO, as adjusted,  which excludes material lease buyout payments, a net non-cash stock compensation charge of $2.0 million, acquisition transaction costs,  the impact of non-cash distributions related to the redemption of preferred equity and gain on sale of ownership interest in STOR-Re  on the Company’s FFO per common and dilutive share for the years ended December 31, 2012 through December 31, 2016. 

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FFO allocable to common and dilutive shares, as adjusted, increased $22.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 2015. The increase was due to an increase in NOI and a decrease in interest expense partially offset by non-cash distributions related to the redemption of preferred equity.



Related Party Transactions: As of December 31, 2016, PS owned 7.2 million shares of the Company’s common stock and 7.3 million common units of the Operating Partnership (100.0% of the common units not owned by the Company). Assuming issuance of the Company’s common stock upon redemption of its common partnership units, PS would own 42.0% (or 14.5 million shares) of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock at December 31, 2016.  Ronald L. Havner, Jr., the Company’s chairman, is also the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer of PS. Joseph D. Russell, Jr. is a director of the Company and also President of PS. Gary E. Pruitt, an independent director of the Company, is also a trustee of PS.

Pursuant to a cost sharing and administrative services agreement, the Company shares costs with PS for certain administrative services and rental of corporate office space.  The administrative services include investor relations, legal, lease administration, corporate tax and information systems, which were allocated between the Company and PS in accordance with a methodology intended to fairly allocate those costs. For the year ended December 31, 2016 the costs allocated to the Company totaled $493,000 and costs allocated to PS totaled $38,000.  In addition, the Company provides property management services for properties owned by PS for a management fee equal to 5% of the gross revenues of such properties in addition to reimbursement of certain costs. These management fee revenues recognized under a  management contract with PS totaled $518,000 in 2016. PS also provides property management services for the self-storage component of two assets owned by the Company for a fee of 6% of the gross revenues of such properties in addition to reimbursement of certain costs. Management fee expense recognized under the management contract with PS totaled $86,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016. 



The PS Business Parks name and logo are owned by PS and licensed to the Company under a non-exclusive, royalty-free license agreement. The license can be terminated by either party for any reason with six months written notice.



Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements: The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.



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Contractual Obligations: The Company does not have any contractual obligations that have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources. 



The Company is scheduled to pay cash dividends of $51.1 million per year on its preferred equity outstanding as of December 31, 2016. Dividends are paid when and if declared by the Company’s Board and accumulate if not paid. Shares of preferred equity are redeemable by the Company in order to preserve its status as a REIT and are also redeemable five years after issuance.



ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 



To limit the Company’s exposure to market risk, the Company principally finances its operations and growth with permanent equity capital consisting of either common or preferred stock. The Company had no debt outstanding as of as of December 31, 2016.



Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the Credit Facility, which is subject to variable interest rates. See Notes 2, 6 and 7 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K for additional information regarding the terms, valuations and approximate principal maturities of the Company’s indebtedness, including the Credit Facility. Based on borrowing rates currently available to the Company, the difference between the carrying amount of debt and its fair value is insignificant.



ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 



The financial statements of the Company at December 31, 2016 and 2015 and for the years ended December 31, 2016,  2015 and 2014 and the report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, thereon and the related financial statement schedule, are included elsewhere herein. Reference is made to the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules in Item 15.



ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE



None.



ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 



Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures



The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of December 31, 2016. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2016, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level. The Company also has an investment in an unconsolidated joint venture and because we do not control the joint venture, our disclosure controls and procedures with respect to such joint venture are substantially more limited than those we maintain with respect to our consolidated subsidiaries. 



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Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 



Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee on Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework). Based on that evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2016.



The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their attestation report which is included herein.



Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting



There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fourth quarter of 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM





To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

PS Business Parks, Inc.



We have audited PS Business Parks, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of  December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria).  PS Business Parks, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.



We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.



A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.



Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.



In our opinion, PS Business Parks, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the COSO criteria.



We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of PS Business Parks, Inc. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016 and our report dated February 24, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.





/s/ Ernst & Young LLP



Los Angeles, California

February 24, 2017



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ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION 



None.



PART III



ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 



The information required by this item with respect to directors is hereby incorporated by reference to the material appearing in the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed in connection with the annual shareholders’ meeting to be held in 2017 (the “Proxy Statement”) under the caption “Election of Directors.”



The following is a biographical summary of the executive officers of the Company:



Maria R. Hawthorne, age 57, was named Chief Executive Officer and elected as a Director of the Company in July, 2016. Ms. Hawthorne was promoted to President in August, 2015 and continues to serves as President of the Company. Ms. Hawthorne most recently served as Executive Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer of the Company from July, 2013 to July, 2015. Ms. Hawthorne served as Executive Vice President, East Coast from February, 2011 to July, 2013. Ms. Hawthorne was Senior Vice President from March, 2004 to February, 2011, with responsibility for property operations on the East Coast, which includes Northern Virginia, Maryland and South Florida. From June, 2001 through March, 2004, Ms. Hawthorne was Vice President of the Company, responsible for property operations in Virginia. From July, 1994 to June, 2001, Ms. Hawthorne was a Regional Manager of the Company in Virginia. From August, 1988 to July, 1994, Ms. Hawthorne was a General Manager, Leasing Director and Property Manager for American Office Park Properties. Ms. Hawthorne earned a Bachelor of Arts Degree in International Relations from Pomona College.



John W. Petersen, age 53, has been Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since he joined the Company in December, 2004. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Petersen was Senior Vice President, San Jose Region, for Equity Office Properties from July, 2001 to December, 2004, responsible for 11.3 million square feet of multi-tenant office, industrial and R&D space in Silicon Valley. Prior to EOP, Mr. Petersen was Senior Vice President with Spieker Properties, from 1995 to 2001 overseeing the growth of that company’s portfolio in San Jose, through acquisition and development of nearly three million square feet. Mr. Petersen is a graduate of The Colorado College in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and was recently the President of National Association of Industrial and Office Parks, Silicon Valley Chapter.



Edward A. Stokx, age 51, a certified public accountant, has been Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of the Company since December, 2003 and Executive Vice President since March, 2004. Mr. Stokx has overall responsibility for the Company’s finance and accounting functions. In addition, he has responsibility for executing the Company’s financial initiatives. Mr. Stokx joined Center Trust, a developer, owner, and operator of retail shopping centers in 1997. Prior to his promotion to Chief Financial Officer and Secretary in 2001, he served as Senior Vice President, Finance and Controller. After Center Trust’s merger in January, 2003 with another public REIT, Mr. Stokx provided consulting services to various entities. Prior to joining Center Trust, Mr. Stokx was with Deloitte and Touche from 1989 to 1997, with a focus on real estate clients. Mr. Stokx earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from Loyola Marymount University.



Information required by this item with respect to the nominating process, the audit committee and the audit committee financial expert is hereby incorporated by reference to the material appearing in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Corporate Governance and Board Matters.”



Information required by this item with respect to a code of ethics is hereby incorporated by reference to the material appearing in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Corporate Governance and Board Matters.” We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, which is available on our website at www.psbusinessparks.com. The information contained on the Company’s website is not a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any amendments to or waivers of the code of ethics granted to the Company’s executive officers or the controller will be published promptly on our website or by other appropriate means in accordance with SEC rules.

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Information required by this item with respect to the compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is hereby incorporated by reference to the material appearing in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.”



ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION 



The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference to the material appearing in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Corporate Governance and Board Matters,” “Executive Compensation,” “Corporate Governance and Board Matters — Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Report of the Compensation Committee.”



ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS



The information required by this item with respect to security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is hereby incorporated by reference to the material appearing in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Stock Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.”



The following table sets forth information as of December 31, 2016 on the Company’s equity compensation plans:



____________



*Amounts include restricted stock units.



ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE



The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference to the material appearing in the Proxy Statement under the captions “Corporate Governance and Board Matters” and “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.”



ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 



The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference to the material appearing in the Proxy Statement under the caption “Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accountants.”

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PART IV



ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES



a.1. Financial Statements



The financial statements listed in the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules are filed as part of this report.



2.Financial Statements Schedule



The financial statements schedule listed in the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Schedules are filed as part of this report.



3.Exhibits



The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index immediately preceding such exhibits are filed with or incorporated by reference in this report.



b.Exhibits



The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index immediately preceding such exhibits are filed with or incorporated by reference in this report.



c.Financial Statement Schedules



Not applicable.



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PS BUSINESS PARKS, INC.



INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES

(Item 15(a)(1) and Item 15(a)(2))





All other schedules have been omitted since the required information is not present or not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.



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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM





To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

PS Business Parks, Inc.



We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of PS Business Parks, Inc. as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.



We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.



In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of PS Business Parks, Inc. at December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.



We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), PS Business Parks, Inc.'s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 24, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP



Los Angeles, California

February 24, 2017