REV Group, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2020 January (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2020

OR

Commission File Number: 001-37999

REV Group, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (414) 290-0190

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of March 3, 2020, the registrant had 63,258,385 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

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Cautionary Statement About Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “predict,” “project,” “target,” “potential,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “continue,” “contemplate,” “aim” and other similar expressions, and include our segment net sales and other expectations described under “Overview” below, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Investors are cautioned that forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain. A number of factors could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements, including, but not limited to increases in interest rates, availability of credit, low consumer confidence, availability of labor, significant increases in repurchase obligations, inadequate liquidity or capital resources, availability and price of fuel, a slowdown in the economy, increased material and component costs, availability of chassis and other key component parts, sales order cancellations, slower than anticipated sales of new or existing products, new product introductions by competitors, the effect of global tensions and integration of operations relating to mergers and acquisitions activities. Additional information concerning certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from that projected or suggested is contained in the “Risk Factors” section in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We disclaim any obligation or undertaking to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q or to reflect any changes in expectations after the date of this release or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any statement is based, except as required by law.

Website and Social Media Disclosure

We use our website (www.revgroup.com) and corporate Twitter account (@revgroupinc) as routine channels of distribution of company information, including news releases, analyst presentations, and supplemental financial information, as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under SEC Regulation FD. Accordingly, investors should monitor our website and our corporate Twitter account in addition to following press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. Additionally, we provide notifications of news or announcements as part of our investor relations website. Investors and others can receive notifications of new information posted on our investor relations website in real time by signing up for email alerts.

None of the information provided on our website, in our press releases, public conference calls and webcasts, or through social media channels is incorporated into, or deemed to be a part of, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or in any other report or document we file with the SEC, and any references to our website or our social media channels are intended to be inactive textual references only.

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

REV Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

See Notes to Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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REV Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

See Notes to Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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REV Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in millions)

See Notes to Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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REV Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity

(Dollars in millions, except share amounts)

See Notes to Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

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REV Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(All tabular amounts presented in millions, except share and per share amounts)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of REV Group, Inc. (“REV” or “the Company”) and all its subsidiaries. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments, unless otherwise noted) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended October 31, 2019. The interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. Certain reclassifications have been made to the fiscal year 2019 financial statements to conform to the fiscal year 2020 presentation.

Equity Sponsor: The Company’s primary equity holders are funds and an investment vehicle associated with AIP CF IV, LLC, which the Company collectively refers to as “American Industrial Partners,” “AIP” or “Sponsor” and which indirectly own approximately 53.9% of REV Group’s voting equity as of January 31, 2020. AIP is an operations and engineering-focused private equity firm headquartered in New York, New York.

Related Party Transactions: During the three months ended January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019, the Company reimbursed expenses of its primary equity holder in the amount of $0.1 million and $0.5 million, respectively. These expenses are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Company’s Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Certain production facilities and offices for two of the Company’s subsidiaries are leased from certain members of management. Rent expense under these arrangements totaled $0.5 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, and January 31, 2019, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted

ASC 842 provides a number of optional transition related practical expedients. The Company elected to adopt the standard using the package of practical expedients, which allowed the Company not to reassess prior conclusions about the identification of leases, the classification of leases, and the treatment of initial direct costs. ASC 842 also provides a number of optional practical expedients for an entity’s ongoing lessee accounting. In connection with our evaluation of these practical expedients, the Company has elected not to separate payments for lease components from payments for non-lease components for all classes of leases. Additionally, the Company has elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all leases that qualify, which means ROU assets and lease liabilities will not be recognized for leases with an initial term of twelve months or less.

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Subsequent Events

On February 1, 2020, the Company acquired Spartan Emergency Response (“Spartan ER”), a leading designer, manufacturer and distributor of custom emergency response vehicles, cabs and chassis for the emergency response market, and its brands, from Spartan Motors, Inc. (NASDAQ: SPAR). The Company acquired certain assets of Spartan ER for approximately $55 million in cash, subject to a customary capital adjustment.

Note 2. Revenue Recognition

Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is recognized from contracts with customers with product shipment destinations in the United States and Canada. The Company accounts for a contract when it has approval and commitment from both parties, the rights and payment terms of the parties are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable. The Company determines the transaction price for each contract at inception based on the consideration that it expects to receive for the goods and services promised under the contract. The transaction price excludes sales and usage-based taxes collected.

The Company’s primary source of revenue is generated from the manufacture and sale of specialty vehicles through its direct sales force or dealer network. The Company also generates revenue through separate contracts that relate to the sale of aftermarket parts and services. Revenue is typically recognized at a point-in-time, when control is transferred, which generally occurs when the product has been shipped to the customer or when it has been picked-up from the Company’s manufacturing facilities. Shipping and handling costs that occur after the transfer of control are fulfillment costs that are accrued when control is transferred. Periodically, certain customers request bill and hold transactions. In such cases, revenue is not recognized until after control has transferred which is generally when the customer has requested such transaction and has been notified that the product (i) has been completed according to customer specifications, (ii) has passed our quality control inspections, and (iii) has been separated from our inventory and is ready for physical transfer to the customer. Warranty obligations associated with the sale of a unit are assurance-type warranties that are a guarantee of the unit’s intended functionality and, therefore, do not represent a distinct performance obligation within the context of the contract.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

The Company is generally entitled to bill its customers upon satisfaction of its performance obligations, and payment is usually received shortly after billing. Payments for certain contracts are received in advance of satisfying the related performance obligations. Such payments are recorded as customer advances in the Company’s Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets. The corresponding performance obligations are generally satisfied within one year of the contract inception. During the three months ended January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019, the Company recognized $54.4 million and $43.7 million, respectively, of revenue that was included in the customer advance balances as of October 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, respectively. The Company’s payment terms do not include a significant financing component and the Company does not have significant contract assets.

Note 3. Leases

The Company leases certain administrative and production facilities and equipment under long-term, non-cancelable operating lease agreements. The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception and recognizes a ROU asset and a lease liability based on the present value of fixed, and certain index-based lease payments at the lease commencement date. Variable payments are excluded from the present value of lease payments and are recognized in the period in which the payment is made. Lease agreements may include options to extend or terminate the lease or purchase the underlying asset. In situations where the Company is reasonably certain to exercise such options, they are considered in determining the lease term and the associated option payments, or exercise price in the case of an option to purchase, are included in the measurement of the lease liabilities and ROU assets. The Company’s leases generally do not include restrictive financial or other covenants, or residual value guarantees. The Company generally uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate for measuring its lease liabilities, as the Company cannot determine the interest rate implicit in the lease because it does not have access to certain lessor specific information. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company does not have significant finance leases.

During the three months ended January 31, 2020, the Company recognized total operating lease costs of approximately $2.3 million and paid cash of $2.2 million for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities.

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At January 31, 2020, future minimum operating lease payments due under ASC 842 are summarized by year in the table below:

As of January 31, 2020, the weighted average remaining lease term and the weighted average discount rate for operating leases was 3.3 years and 5.1%, respectively.

As of October 31, 2019, future minimum operating lease payments (under ASC 840) were as follows:

Note 4. Inventories

Inventories, net of reserves, consisted of the following:

Note 5. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

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Depreciation expense was $6.8 million and $7.8 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, and January 31, 2019, respectively.

Note 6. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The table below represents goodwill by segment:

The change in the net carrying value amount of goodwill consisted of the following:

Intangible assets (excluding goodwill) consisted of the following:

Amortization expense was $4.0 million and $4.6 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, and January 31, 2019, respectively. As of January 31, 2020, we wrote off fully amortized intangible assets and the related accumulated amortization.

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Note 7. Divestiture Activities

In fiscal year 2018, management decided to divest certain businesses and assets which include the Revability business, one Regional Technical Center (“RTC”), a portion of the Company’s rental fleet, and certain other assets. In the first quarter of fiscal year 2019, the Company completed the sale of its mobility van business, Revability, with annual sales of approximately $40 million. All assets and operations at the Clarkston and Davisburg, Michigan facilities were transferred to the buyer. In the second quarter of fiscal year 2019, the Company completed the sale of the RTC for net cash proceeds of $11.4 million. In connection with this sale, the Company recognized a gain on sale of $1.2 million.

As of October 31, 2019, assets and liabilities held for sale consisted of the following: property, plant and equipment, net—$0.2 million, inventories, net—$14.0 million, accounts receivable, net—$0.4 million, other current and long-term assets—$4.9 million, accounts payable—$11.7 million and other current and long-term liabilities—$3.7 million.

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2020, the Company completed the sale of REV Coach. The Company received cash proceeds of $1.1 million in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020, and the remaining $1.0 million is expected to be received in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. Buyer will also purchase spare parts related to the REV Coach business during the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

There were no assets and liabilities held for sale on the Company’s Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 31, 2020.

Note 8. Long-Term Debt

The Company was obligated under the following debt instruments:

April 2017 ABL Facility

Effective April 25, 2017, the Company entered into a $350.0 million revolving credit and guaranty agreement (the “April 2017 ABL Facility” or “ABL Agreement”) with a syndicate of lenders. The April 2017 ABL Facility consists of: (i) Revolving Loans, (ii) Swing Line Loans, and (iii) Letters of Credit, aggregating up to a combined maximum of $350.0 million. The total amount borrowed under the April 2017 ABL Facility is subject to a $30.0 million sublimit for Swing Line loans and a $35.0 million sublimit for Letters of Credit, along with certain borrowing base and other customary restrictions as defined in the ABL Agreement. The Company incurred $4.9 million of debt issuance costs related to the April 2017 ABL Facility. The amount of debt issuance costs is included in other long-term assets in the Company’s Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The April 2017 ABL Facility allows for incremental borrowing capacity in an aggregate amount of up to $100.0 million, plus the excess, if any, of the borrowing base then in effect over total commitments then in effect. Any such incremental borrowing capacity is subject to receiving additional commitments from lenders and certain other customary conditions. The April 2017 ABL Facility matures on April 25, 2022. The Company may prepay principal, in whole or in part, at any time without penalty.

The following amendments have been made to the April 2017 ABL Facility:

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Revolving Loans under the April 2017 ABL Facility bear interest at rates equal to, at the Company’s option, either a base rate plus an applicable margin, or a Eurodollar rate plus an applicable margin. Applicable interest rate margins are initially 0.75% for all base rate loans and 1.75% for all Eurodollar rate loans (with the Eurodollar rate having a floor of 0%), subject to adjustment based on utilization in accordance with the ABL Agreement. Interest is payable quarterly for all base rate loans and is payable monthly or quarterly for all Eurodollar rate loans.

The lenders under the April 2017 ABL Facility have a first priority security interest in substantially all accounts receivable and inventory of the Company, and a second priority security interest in substantially all other assets of the Company.

The April 2017 ABL Facility contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, subject in certain cases to customary limitations, exceptions and exclusions. The April 2017 ABL Facility also contains certain customary events of default, which should such events occur, could result in the termination of the commitments under the April 2017 ABL Facility and the acceleration of all outstanding borrowings under it. The April 2017 ABL Facility contains a financial covenant restricting the Company from allowing its fixed charge coverage ratio to drop below 1.00 to 1.00 during a compliance period, which is triggered when the availability under the April 2017 ABL Facility falls below a threshold set forth in the credit agreement.

The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the April 2017 ABL Facility as of January 31, 2020. As of January 31, 2020, the Company’s availability under the April 2017 ABL Facility was $196.6 million.

The fair value of the April 2017 ABL Facility approximated book value at both January 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019.

Term Loan

Effective April 25, 2017, the Company entered into a $75.0 million term loan agreement (“Term Loan” and “Term Loan Agreement”), as Borrower with certain subsidiaries of the Company, acting as guarantors of debt. Principal may be prepaid at any time during the term of the Term Loan without penalty. The Company incurred $2.0 million of debt issuance costs related to the Term Loan.

The Term Loan Agreement allows for incremental facilities in an aggregate amount of up to $125.0 million. Any such incremental facilities are subject to receiving additional commitments from lenders and certain other customary conditions. The Term Loan agreement requires quarterly payments of 0.25% of the original principal balance, with remaining principal payable at maturity, April 25, 2022.

The lenders under the Term Loan have a second priority security interest in substantially all accounts receivable and inventory of the Company.

The following amendments have been made to the Term Loan:

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Applicable interest rate margins for the Term Loan are 2.50% for base rate loans and 3.50% for Eurodollar rate loans (with the Eurodollar rate having a floor of 1.00%). Interest is payable quarterly for all base rate loans and is payable monthly or quarterly for all Eurodollar rate loans. The weighted-average interest rate on borrowings outstanding under the Term Loan at January 31, 2020 was 5.15%.

The Term Loan Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, in each case, subject to customary limitations, exceptions and exclusions. The Term Loan Agreement also contains certain customary events of default. The Term Loan Agreement requires the Company to maintain a specified secured leverage ratio, which will be tested quarterly and become more restrictive over the term of the loan.

The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the Term Loan as of January 31, 2020.

The fair value of the Term Loan approximated book value at both January 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019.

Note 9. Warranties

The Company’s products generally carry explicit warranties that extend from several months to several years, based on terms that are generally accepted in the marketplace. Selected components (such as engines, transmissions, tires, etc.) included in the Company’s end products may include warranties from original equipment manufacturers (“OEM”). These OEM warranties are passed on to the end customer of the Company’s products, and the customer deals directly with the applicable OEM for any issues encountered on those components.

Changes in the Company’s warranty liability consisted of the following:

Accrued warranty is classified in the Company’s Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:

Note 10. Stock Repurchase Program

On March 20, 2018 the Company’s Board of Directors authorized up to $50.0 million of repurchases of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock with an expiration date of March 19, 2020. On September 5, 2018 the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional $50.0 million of repurchases of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock with an expiration date of September 4, 2020. The Company’s share repurchase program is executed from time to time through open market or through private transactions. Shares purchased under the share repurchase program are retired and returned to authorized and unissued status. During fiscal year 2018, the Company repurchased 3,233,352 shares under this repurchase program at a total cost of $53.3 million at an average price per share of $16.47. During fiscal year 2019, the Company repurchased 717,597 shares under this repurchase program at a total cost of $8.3 million at an average price per share of $11.62. There were no repurchases under this program during the three months ended January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019, respectively. As of January 31, 2020, the Company had $38.3 million of authorization remaining under this program.

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Note 11. Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding assuming dilution. The difference between basic EPS and diluted EPS is the result of the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, performance stock units and restricted stock units. The table below reconciles basic weighted-average common shares outstanding to diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the three months ended January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019:

The table below represents exclusions from the calculation of weighted-average shares outstanding assuming dilution due to the anti-dilutive effect of the common stock equivalents for the three months ended January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019: 

Note 12. Income Taxes

For interim financial reporting, the Company estimates its annual effective tax rate based on the projected income for its entire fiscal year and records a provision (benefit) for income taxes on a quarterly basis based on the estimated annual effective income tax rate, adjusted for any discrete tax items.

The Company recorded income tax benefit of $2.6 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, or 22.0% of pre-tax loss, compared to $4.4 million, or 23.3% of pre-tax loss, for the three months ended January 31, 2019. Results for the three months ended January 31, 2020 were unfavorably impacted by $0.2 million of net discrete tax expenses primarily related to stock-based compensation tax deductions. Results for the three months ended January 31, 2019 were unfavorably impacted by $0.3 million of net discrete tax expenses related to stock-based compensation tax deductions.

The Company periodically evaluates its valuation allowance requirements in light of changing facts and circumstances and may adjust its deferred tax asset valuation allowances accordingly. It is reasonably possible that the Company will either add to or reverse a portion of its existing deferred tax asset valuation allowances in the future. Such changes in the deferred tax asset valuation allowances will be reflected in the current operations through the Company’s effective income tax rate. During the three months ended January 31, 2020, there were no changes to the Company’s valuation allowances.

The Company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits, including interest and penalties, was $2.7 million as of January 31, 2020 and $2.6 million as of October 31, 2019. The unrecognized tax benefits are presented in other long-term liabilities in the Company’s Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets for the period ended January 31, 2020. During the next twelve months, it is reasonably possible that $0.3 million of the unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would affect the annual effective income tax rate. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the provision for income taxes in its Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of an adverse outcome resulting from examinations to determine the adequacy of its tax reserves. As of January 31, 2020, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that the tax positions it has taken will be sustained upon the resolution of its audits resulting in no material impact on its consolidated financial position and the results of operations and cash flows. However, the final determination with respect to any tax audits, and any related litigation, could be materially different from the Company’s estimates and/or from its historical income tax provisions and income tax liabilities and could

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have a material effect on operating results and/or cash flows in the periods for which that determination is made. In addition, future period earnings may be adversely impacted by litigation costs, settlements, penalties, and/or interest assessments related to income tax examinations.

Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies

Personal Injury Actions and Other: Product and general liability claims arise against the Company from time to time in the ordinary course of business. These claims are generally covered by third-party insurance. There is inherent uncertainty as to the eventual resolution of unsettled claims. Management, however, believes that any losses will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Market Risks: The Company is contingently liable under bid, performance and specialty bonds and has open standby letters of credit issued by the Company’s banks in favor of third parties as follows:

Chassis Contingent Liabilities: The Company obtains certain vehicle chassis from automobile manufacturers under converter pool agreements. These agreements generally provide that the manufacturer will supply chassis at the Company’s various production facilities under the terms and conditions set forth in the agreement. The manufacturer does not transfer the certificate of origin to the Company and, accordingly, the chassis are treated as consigned inventory of the automobile manufacturer. Upon being put into production, the Company becomes obligated to pay the manufacturer for the chassis. Chassis are typically converted and delivered to customers within 90 to 120 days of receipt. If the chassis are not converted within this timeframe of delivery, the Company generally purchases the chassis and records inventory, or the Company is obligated to begin paying an interest charge on this inventory until purchased. Such agreements are customary in the industries in which the Company operates and the Company’s exposure to loss under such agreements is limited by the value of the vehicles that would be repossessed and resold to mitigate any losses. The Company’s contingent liability under such agreements was $38.8 million and $48.6 million as of January 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively.

Repurchase Commitments: The Company has entered into repurchase agreements with certain lending institutions. The repurchase commitments are on an individual unit basis with a term from the date it is financed by the lending institution through payment date by the dealer or other customer, generally not exceeding two years. The Company’s outstanding obligations under such agreements were $209.3 million and $212.5 million as of January 31, 2020, and October 31, 2019, respectively. This value represents the gross value of all vehicles under repurchase agreements and does not take into consideration proceeds that would be received upon resale of repossessed vehicles, which would be used to reduce the Company’s ultimate net liability. Such agreements are customary in the industries in which the Company operates and the Company’s exposure to loss under such agreements is limited by the potential loss on the resale value of the inventory which is required to be repurchased. Losses incurred under such arrangements have not been significant and the Company expects this pattern to continue. The reserve for losses included in other liabilities on contracts outstanding at January 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019 is immaterial.

Guarantee Arrangements: The Company is party to multiple agreements whereby it guarantees indebtedness of others, including losses under loss pool agreements. The Company estimated that its maximum loss exposure under these contracts was $24.7 million and $25.5 million at January 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively. Under the terms of these and various related agreements and upon the occurrence of certain events, the Company generally has the ability to, among other things, take possession of the underlying collateral. If the financial condition of the customers and dealers were to deteriorate and result in their inability to make payments, then additional accruals may be required. While the Company does not expect to experience losses under these agreements that are materially in excess of the amounts reserved, it cannot provide any assurance that the financial condition of the third parties will not deteriorate resulting in the third party’s inability to meet their obligations.

In the event that third parties are unable to meet obligations under these agreements, the Company cannot guarantee that the collateral underlying the agreements will be available or sufficient to avoid losses materially in excess of the amounts reserved. Any losses under these guarantees would generally be mitigated by the value of any underlying collateral, including financed equipment, and are generally subject to the finance company’s ability to provide the Company clear title to foreclosed equipment and other conditions. During periods of economic weakness, collateral values generally decline and can contribute to higher exposure to losses.

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Other Matters: The Company is, from time to time, party to various legal proceedings arising out of ordinary course of business. The amount of alleged liability, if any, from these proceedings cannot be determined with certainty; however, the Company believes that its ultimate liability, if any, arising from pending legal proceedings, as well as from asserted legal claims and known potential legal claims, which are probable of assertion, taking into account established accruals for estimated liabilities, should not be material to the business, financial condition or results of operations.

A consolidated federal putative securities class action and a consolidated state putative securities class action are pending against the Company and certain of its officers and directors. These actions collectively purport to assert claims on behalf of putative classes of purchasers of the Company’s common stock in or traceable to its January 2017 Initial Public Offering (“IPO”), purchasers in its secondary offering of common stock in October 2017, and purchasers from October 10, 2017 through June 7, 2018. The state action also names certain of the underwriters for the Company’s IPO or secondary offering as defendants. The federal and state courts each consolidated multiple separate actions pending before them, the first of which was filed on June 8, 2018. The actions have alleged certain violations of the Securities Act of 1933 and, for the federal action, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Collectively, the actions seek certification of the putative classes asserted and compensatory damages and attorneys’ fees and costs. The underwriter defendants have notified the Company of their intent to seek indemnification from the Company pursuant to the IPO underwriting agreement regarding the claims asserted with respect to the IPO, and the Company expects the underwriters to do the same in regard to the claims asserted with respect to the October 2017 offering. Two purported derivative actions, which have since been consolidated, were also filed in federal court in Delaware in 2019 against the Company’s directors (with the Company as a nominal defendant), premised on allegations similar to those asserted in the consolidated federal securities litigation. The Company and the other defendants intend to defend these lawsuits vigorously. Additional lawsuits may be filed and, at this time, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of the lawsuits, the possible loss or range of loss, if any, associated with the resolution of the lawsuits, or any potential effect that it may have on the Company or its operations.

Note 14. Business Segment Information

The Company is organized into three reportable segments based on management’s process for making operating decisions, allocating capital and measuring performance, and based on the similarity of products, customers served, common use of facilities, and economic characteristics. The Company’s segments are as follows:

Fire & Emergency: This segment includes KME, E-One, Ferrara, American Emergency Vehicles, Leader Emergency Vehicles, Horton Emergency Vehicles, REV Ambulance Orlando and REV Brazil. These business units manufacture and market commercial and custom fire and emergency vehicles primarily for fire departments, airports, other governmental units, contractors, hospitals and other care providers in the United States and other countries.

Commercial: This segment includes Collins Bus, Champion Bus, ENC, ElDorado National (Kansas), Capacity and Lay-Mor. Collins Bus manufactures, markets and distributes school buses, normally referred to as Type A school buses, as well as shuttle buses used for churches, transit authorities, hotels and resorts, retirement centers and other similar uses. Champion Bus, ENC and ElDorado National (Kansas) manufacture, market and distribute shuttle buses, transit buses, airport car rental and hotel/motel shuttles, tour and charter operations and other uses under several well-established brand names. Capacity manufactures, markets and distributes trucks used in terminal type operations, i.e., rail yards, warehouses, rail terminals and shipping terminals/ports. Lay-Mor manufactures, markets and distributes industrial sweepers for both the commercial and rental markets.

Recreation: This segment includes REV Recreation Group (“RRG”), Goldshield Fiberglass, Inc. (“Goldshield”), Renegade, Midwest and Lance, and their respective manufacturing facilities, service and parts divisions. RRG primarily manufactures, markets and distributes Class A mobile RVs in both gas and diesel models. Renegade primarily manufacturers, markets and distributes Class C and “Super C” RVs. Goldshield manufactures, markets and distributes fiberglass reinforced molded parts to a diverse cross section of original equipment manufacturers and other commercial and industrial customers, including various components for RRG, which is one of Goldshield’s primary customers. Midwest manufactures, markets and distributes Class B RVs and luxury vans. Lance manufactures, markets and distributes truck campers, towable campers and toy haulers.

For purposes of measuring financial performance of its business segments, the Company does not allocate to individual business segments costs or items that are of a corporate nature. The caption “Corporate, Other & Elims” includes corporate office expenses, results of insignificant operations, intersegment eliminations and income and expense not allocated to reportable segments.

Total assets of the business segments exclude general corporate assets, which principally consist of cash and cash equivalents, certain property, plant and equipment and certain other assets pertaining to corporate and other centralized activities.

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Intersegment sales generally include amounts invoiced by a segment for work performed for another segment. Amounts are based on actual work performed and agreed-upon pricing which is intended to be reflective of the contribution made by the supplying business segment. All intersegment transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Selected financial information of the Company’s segments is as follows:

In considering the financial performance of the business, the chief operating decision maker analyzes the primary financial performance measure of Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income for the relevant period before depreciation and amortization, interest expense and benefit for income taxes, as adjusted for items management believes are not indicative of the Company’s ongoing operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure defined by U.S. GAAP but is computed using amounts that are determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A reconciliation of this performance measure to net income (loss) is included below.

The Company believes Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors and used by management for measuring profitability because the measure excludes the impact of certain items which management believes have less bearing on the Company’s core operating performance, and allows for a more meaningful comparison of operating fundamentals between companies within its industries by eliminating the impact of capital structure and taxation differences between the companies. Additionally, Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to measure and report the Company’s financial performance to the Company’s Board of Directors, assists in providing a meaningful analysis of the Company’s operating performance and is used as a measurement in incentive compensation for management.

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Provided below is a reconciliation of segment Adjusted EBITDA to net loss:

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This management’s discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and risk factors contained in this Form 10-Q as well as the Management’s Discussion and Analysis and Risk Factors and audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on December 18, 2019.

Overview

REV is a leading designer, manufacturer and distributor of specialty vehicles and related aftermarket parts and services. We provide customized vehicle solutions for applications including: essential needs (ambulances, fire apparatus, school buses and municipal transit buses), industrial and commercial (terminal trucks, cut-away buses and sweepers) and consumer leisure (recreational vehicles, referred to as “RVs,” and luxury coaches). Our diverse portfolio is made up of well-established principal vehicle brands including many of the most recognizable names within their industry. Several of our brands pioneered their specialty vehicle product categories and date back more than 50 years. We believe that in most of our markets, we hold the first or second market share position and approximately 57% of our net sales during the first quarter of fiscal year 2020 came from products where we believe we hold such share positions.

Segments

We serve a diversified customer base primarily in the United States through the following segments:

Fire & Emergency – Our Fire & Emergency segment sells fire apparatus equipment under the Emergency One (E-ONE), Kovatch Mobile Equipment (KME) and Ferrara brands and ambulances under the American Emergency Vehicles (AEV), Horton Emergency Vehicles (HEV), Leader Emergency Vehicles (LEV), Marque, McCoy Miller, Road Rescue, Wheeled Coach and Frontline brands. We believe we are the largest manufacturer by unit volume of fire and emergency vehicles in the United States and have one of the industry’s broadest portfolios of products including Type I ambulances (aluminum body mounted on a heavy truck-style chassis), Type II ambulances (van conversion ambulance typically favored for non-emergency patient transportation), Type III ambulances (aluminum body mounted on a van-style chassis), pumpers (fire apparatus on a custom or commercial chassis with a water pump and small tank to extinguish fires), ladder trucks (fire apparatus with stainless steel or aluminum ladders), tanker trucks and rescue and other vehicles. Each of our individual brands is distinctly positioned and targets certain price and feature points in the market such that dealers often carry, and customers often buy more than one REV Fire & Emergency product line. On February 1, 2020, the Company acquired Spartan Emergency Response (“Spartan ER”), a leading designer, manufacturer and distributor of custom emergency response vehicles, cabs and chassis for the emergency response market.

Commercial – Our Commercial segment serves the bus market through the following principal brands: Collins Bus, Goshen Coach, ENC, ElDorado National, Federal Coach, Champion and World Trans. We serve the terminal truck market through the Capacity brand and the sweeper market through the Lay-Mor brand. We are a leading producer of small- and medium-sized buses, Type A school buses, transit buses, terminal trucks and street sweepers in the United States. Our products in the Commercial segment include cut-away buses (customized body built on various types and sizes of commercial chassis), transit buses (large municipal buses where we build our own chassis and body), luxury buses (bus-style limo or high-end luxury conversions), Type A school buses (small school bus built on commercial chassis), street sweepers (three- and four-wheel versions used in road construction activities), and terminal trucks (specialized vehicles which move freight in warehouses or intermodal yards and ports). Within each market segment, we produce many customized configurations to address the diverse needs of our customers.

Recreation – Our Recreation segment serves the RV market through seven principal brands: American Coach, Fleetwood RV, Monaco Coach, Holiday Rambler, Renegade, Midwest and Lance. We believe our brand portfolio contains some of the longest standing, most recognized brands in the RV industry. Under these brands, REV provides a variety of highly recognized motorized and towable RV line-makes such as: American Eagle, Bounder, Pace Arrow, Verona, Weekender and Lance, among others. Our products in the Recreation segment include Class A motorized RVs (motorhomes built on a heavy duty chassis with either diesel or gas engine configurations), Class C and “Super C” motorized RVs (motorhomes built on a commercial truck or van chassis), Class B RVs (motorhomes built out on a van chassis), and towable travel trailers and truck campers. The Recreation segment also includes Goldshield Fiberglass, which produces a wide range of custom molded fiberglass products for the heavy-duty truck, RV and broader industrial markets.

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Factors Affecting Our Performance

The primary factors affecting our results of operations include:

General Economic Conditions

Our business is impacted by the U.S. economic environment, employment levels, consumer confidence, municipal spending, municipal tax receipts, changes in interest rates and instability in securities markets around the world, among other factors. In particular, changes in the U.S. economic climate can impact demand in key end markets. In addition, the Company is susceptible to supply chain disruptions resulting from the impact of tariffs and global macro-economic factors, which can have a dramatic effect, either directly or indirectly, on the availability, lead-times and costs associated with raw materials and parts.

RV purchases are discretionary in nature and therefore sensitive to the availability of financing, consumer confidence, unemployment levels, levels of disposable income and changing levels of consumer home equity, among other factors. RV markets are affected by general U.S. and global economic conditions, which create risks that future economic downturns will further reduce consumer demand and negatively impact our sales.

While less economically sensitive than the Recreation segment, the Fire & Emergency segment and the Commercial segment are also impacted by the overall economic environment. Local tax revenues are an important source of funding for fire and emergency response departments. Fire and emergency products and buses are typically a larger cost item for municipalities and their service life is relatively long, making the purchase more deferrable, which can result in reduced demand for our products. In addition to commercial demand, local, state and federal tax revenues can be an important source of funding for many of our bus products including Type A school buses, transit buses and shuttle buses. Volatility in tax revenues or availability of funds via budgetary appropriation can have a negative impact on the demand for these products.

A decrease in employment levels, consumer confidence or the availability of financing, or other adverse economic events, or the failure of actual demand for our products to meet our estimates, could negatively affect the demand for our products. Any decline in overall customer demand in markets in which we operate could have a material adverse effect on our operating performance.

Seasonality

In a typical year, our operating results are impacted by seasonality. Historically, the slowest quarters have been the first and second fiscal quarters when the purchasing seasons for vehicles, such as school buses, RVs and sweepers are the lowest due to the colder weather and the relatively long time until the summer vacation season, and the fact that the school year is underway with municipalities and school bus contractors utilizing their existing fleets to transport student populations. Sales of our products have typically been higher in the third and fourth fiscal quarters (with the fourth fiscal quarter typically being the strongest) due to better weather, the vacation season, buying habits of RV dealers and end-users, timing of government/municipal customer fiscal years, and the beginning of a new school year. Our quarterly results of operations, cash flows, and liquidity are likely to be impacted by these seasonal patterns. Sales and earnings for other vehicles that we produce, such as essential emergency vehicles and commercial bus fleets, are less seasonal, but fluctuations in sales of these vehicles can also be impacted by timing surrounding the fiscal years of municipalities and commercial customers, as well as the timing and amounts of multi-unit orders.

Impact of Acquisitions and Divestitures

We actively evaluate opportunities to improve and expand our business through targeted acquisitions that are consistent with our strategy. On occasion, we also may dispose of certain components of our business that no longer fit within our overall strategy. Historically, a significant component of our growth has been through acquisitions of businesses. We typically incur upfront costs as we integrate acquired businesses and implement our operating philosophy at newly acquired companies, including consolidation of supplies and materials, purchases, improvements to production processes, and other restructuring initiatives. The benefits of these integration efforts and divestiture activities may not positively impact our financial results until subsequent periods.

We recognize acquired assets and liabilities at fair value. This includes the recognition of identified intangible assets and goodwill which, in the case of definite-life intangible assets, are then amortized over their expected useful lives, which typically results in an increase in amortization expense. In addition, assets acquired, and liabilities assumed generally include tangible assets, as well as contingent assets and liabilities.

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Results of Operations

Three Months Ended January 31, 2020 Compared with Three Months Ended January 31, 2019

Net Sales. Consolidated net sales were $532.1 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, an increase of $13.4 million, or 2.6%, from $518.7 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019. The increase in consolidated net sales was primarily due to an increase in net sales of $2.4 million and $17.5 million in the Fire & Emergency and Commercial segments, respectively, offset by a decrease in net sales of $9.5 million in the Recreation segment.

Gross Profit. Consolidated gross profit was $47.4 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, compared to $46.3 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019. The increase is primarily due to profitability within the Commercial segment, partially offset by a decrease in profitability in the Fire & Emergency segment. Consolidated gross profit, as a percentage of consolidated net sales, was 8.9% for the three months ended January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019.

Operating Loss. Consolidated operating loss was $4.7 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, a decrease of $6.5 million, from consolidated operating loss of $11.2 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to reduced selling, general and administrative expenses, primarily related to a decrease in expenses related to legal matters, and an impairment charge in fiscal year 2019 that did not repeat in the current fiscal year period.

Income Taxes. Consolidated income tax benefit was $2.6 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, or 22.0% of pre-tax loss, compared to $4.4 million, or 23.3% of pre-tax loss, for the three months ended January 31, 2019. Income tax benefit for the three months ended January 31, 2020, was unfavorably impacted by $0.2 million of net discrete tax expenses primarily related to the impact of stock-based compensation. Income tax benefit for the three months ended January 31, 2019 was also unfavorably impacted by $0.3 million of net discrete tax expenses related to stock-based compensation.

Net Loss. Consolidated net loss was $9.4 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, a decrease of $5.2 million, or 35.6%, from consolidated net loss of $14.6 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019.

Adjusted EBITDA. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA was $11.3 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, a decrease of $1.0 million, or 8.1% from $12.3 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019.

Refer to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Loss section of “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA tables and related footnotes.

Adjusted Net Loss. Consolidated Adjusted Net Loss was $2.7 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, a decrease of $0.2 million, or 6.9% from consolidated Adjusted Net Loss of $2.9 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019.

Refer to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Loss section of “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA tables and related footnotes.

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Fire & Emergency Segment

Fire & Emergency segment net sales were $206.5 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, an increase of $2.4 million, or 1.2%, from $204.1 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019. The increase in net sales compared to the prior year period was primarily due to the benefit of new chassis and cab lines at a primary fire plant which helped to increase production and sales of fire units, and the impact of higher pricing on select fire trucks and ambulance brands, partially offset by the impact of unit mix and timing of deliveries.

Fire & Emergency segment Adjusted EBITDA was $1.7 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, a decrease of $6.7 million, or 79.8%, from $8.4 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019. The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA compared to prior year period was primarily due to an expected reduction in gross profit margin resulting from the ongoing efforts to increase production capacity at our largest fire plant and the impact of unit mix, partially offset by improvements in labor efficiency in our largest ambulance plant.

Commercial Segment

Commercial segment net sales were $158.2 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, an increase of $17.5 million, or 12.4%, from $140.7 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019. The increase in net sales compared to the prior year period was due primarily to an increase in transit bus sales, partially offset by lower sales of terminal trucks.

Commercial segment Adjusted EBITDA was $10.8 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, an increase of $5.8 million, or 116.0%, from $5.0 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019. The increase in Adjusted EBITDA compared to the prior year period was primarily due to favorable product mix as a result of higher volumes of transit bus units sold, improved pricing of buses and continued improvements in operational efficiencies across the segment.

Recreation Segment

Recreation segment net sales were $166.8 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, a decrease of $9.5 million, or 5.4%, from $176.3 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019. The decrease in net sales compared to the prior year period was primarily due to lower net sales attributable to our Class A motorhomes and lower towable sales, partially offset by higher Class B sales.

Recreation segment Adjusted EBITDA was $7.0 million for the three months ended January 31, 2020, a decrease of $2.1 million, or 23.1%, from $9.1 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019. The decrease in Adjusted EBITDA compared to the prior year period was primarily due to decreased profitability due to reduced production and shipment volumes.

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Backlog

Backlog represents firm orders received from dealers or directly from end customers. Backlog does not include purchase options or verbal orders. The following table presents a summary of our backlog by segment:

Each of our three segments has a backlog of new vehicle orders that generally extends out from two to twelve months in duration.

Orders from our dealers and end customers are evidenced by a contract, firm purchase order or reserved production slot for delivery of one or many vehicles. These orders are reported in our backlog at the aggregate selling prices, net of discounts or allowances.

As of January 31, 2020, our backlog was $1,421.2 million compared to $1,390.9 million as of January 31, 2019. The increase in Fire & Emergency backlog was reflecting strong order inflow in both the Fire and Ambulance divisions over the trailing twelve months. The increase in the Commercial backlog was due primarily to a large municipal transit order, partially offset by a decrease in backlog for terminal trucks. The decrease in Recreation backlog was primarily due to a decrease in backlog for towable campers, offset by increases in backlog for Class A and Class B motorhomes. However, in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020, orders increased compared to the prior year period primarily due to increased demand for Class A and Class B motorhomes, partially offset by a decrease in orders for towable campers.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General

Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital are working capital, the acquisition of machinery and equipment, the acquisition and construction of manufacturing facilities, the improvement and expansion of existing manufacturing facilities, debt service payments, regular quarterly dividend payments, general corporate needs, and common stock repurchases under the Company’s authorized stock buyback program. Historically, these cash requirements have been met through cash provided by operating activities, cash and cash equivalents and borrowings under our term loan and revolving credit facility.

We believe that our sources of liquidity and capital will be sufficient to finance our continued operations, growth strategy, cash dividends and additional expenses we expect to continue to incur as a public company. However, we cannot assure you that cash provided by operating activities and borrowings under the current revolving credit facility will be sufficient to meet our future needs. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows from operations in the future, and if availability under the current revolving credit facility is not sufficient due to the size of our borrowing base or other external factors, we may have to obtain additional financing. If additional capital is obtained by issuing equity, the interests of our existing stockholders will be diluted. If we incur additional indebtedness, that indebtedness may contain financial and other covenants that may significantly restrict our operations or may involve higher overall interest rates. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain refinancing or additional financing on favorable terms or at all.

Cash Flow

The following table shows summary cash flows for the three months ended January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019:

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Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended January 31, 2020 was $13.3 million, compared to $39.4 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019. The reduction in cash used in operating activities for the three months ended January 31, 2020, compared to the prior year period was related to a lower net loss and continued improvements in net working capital usage.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended January 31, 2020 was $1.3 million, compared to $7.2 million for the three months ended January 31, 2019. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended January 31, 2019, compared to the prior year period, was primarily due to a decrease in capital expenditures and an increase in proceeds from sale of assets and sale of business.

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended January 31, 2020 was $78.6 million. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended January 31, 2019 was $48.2 million. Net cash provided by financing activities primarily consisted of net proceeds from our April 2017 ABL facility in advance of our purchase of the Spartan ER business effective February 1, 2020, net of payment of dividends.

Dividends

Subject to legally available funds and the discretion of our board of directors, we expect to pay a quarterly cash dividend at the rate of $0.05 per share on our common stock. We expect to pay this quarterly dividend on or about the last day of the first month following each fiscal quarter to shareholders of record on the last day of such fiscal quarter. Our dividend policy has certain risks and limitations, particularly with respect to liquidity, and we may not pay dividends according to our policy, or at all. We cannot assure you that we will declare dividends or have sufficient funds to pay dividends on our common stock in the future. In the three months ended January 31, 2020, the Company paid cash dividends of $3.1 million.

On March 4, 2020, our board of directors declared a cash dividend of $0.05 per share on our common stock, payable in respect of the first quarter of fiscal year 2020. The dividend is payable on May 29, 2020 to holders of record as of April 30, 2020.

Stock Repurchase Program

On March 20, 2018 the Company’s Board of Directors authorized up to $50.0 million of repurchases of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock with an expiration date of March 19, 2020. On September 5, 2018 the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional $50.0 million of repurchases of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock with an expiration date of September 4, 2020. The Company’s share repurchase program is executed from time to time through open market or through private transactions. Shares purchased under the share repurchase program are retired and returned to authorized and unissued status. There were no repurchases under this program during the three months ended January 31, 2020 and January 31, 2019, respectively. As of January 31, 2020, the Company had $38.3 million of authorization remaining under this program.

Term Loan

On April 25, 2017, we entered into a $75.0 million term loan (“Term Loan” or “Term Loan Agreement”), as Borrower, certain subsidiaries of the Company, as Guarantor Subsidiaries. Principal may be prepaid at any time during the term of the Term Loan without penalty. The Company incurred $2.0 million in debt issuance costs related to the Term Loan. The Term Loan Agreement expires on April 25, 2022.

On July 18, 2018 the Company exercised its $50.0 million incremental commitment option under the Term Loan Agreement, which increased total borrowing under the facility from $75.0 million to $125.0 million. The Company incurred an additional $0.6 million of debt issuance costs related to the incremental commitment option under the Term Loan. Proceeds from the increase in the Term Loan were used to repay a portion of the borrowings under the April 2017 ABL Facility.

On March 29, 2019, the Company exercised a $50.0 million incremental commitment option under the Term Loan Agreement, which increased total borrowing under the facility from $125.0 million to $175.0 million. The Company incurred an additional $0.8 million of debt issuance costs related to the incremental commitment option under the Term Loan. Proceeds from the incremental commitment were used to repay a portion of the outstanding borrowings under the April 2017 ABL Facility.

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On October 18, 2019, the Company amended the term loan agreement to raise the maximum net leverage ratio to 4.00 to 1.00 from 3.50 to 1.00. The ratio will decline by 25 basis points in the third quarter of each fiscal year after the amendment date, reaching a final maximum leverage ratio of 3.50 to 1.00 on July 31, 2021. Additionally, the Company received a waiver related to the excess cash flow calculation payment for fiscal year 2019. The Company incurred $0.2 million of debt issuance costs related to the amendment raising the maximum leverage ratio and the waiver for the excess cash flow calculation payment under the Term Loan Agreement.

On January 31, 2020, the Company amended the term loan agreement, in contemplation of its pending acquisition of the Spartan ER, to raise the maximum net leverage ratio to 5.00 to 1.00 from 4.00 to 1.00. The ratio will decline by 25 basis points in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2020, and each fiscal quarter ending thereafter, reaching a final maximum leverage ratio of 3.75 to 1.00 on October 31, 2021. The Company incurred $0.4 million of debt issuance costs related to this amendment.

The Company may voluntarily prepay principal, in whole or in part, at any time, without penalty. Commencing with fiscal year 2018 and payable in fiscal year 2019, the Company is obligated to prepay certain minimum amounts based on the Company’s excess cash flow, as defined in the Term Loan Agreement. The Term Loan is also subject to mandatory prepayment if the Company or any of its restricted subsidiaries receives proceeds from certain events, including certain asset sales and casualty events, and the issuance of certain debt and equity interests.

The Term Loan Agreement contains certain financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the Term Loan as of January 31, 2020.

April 2017 ABL Facility

On April 25, 2017, we entered into a new $350.0 million ABL revolving credit agreement with a syndicate of lenders (the “April 2017 ABL Facility” or “ABL Agreement”). The April 2017 ABL Facility provides for revolving loans and letters of credit in an aggregate amount of up to $350.0 million. The total April 2017 ABL Facility is subject to a $30.0 million sublimit for swing line loans and a $35.0 million sublimit for letters of credit, along with certain borrowing base and other customary restrictions as defined in the ABL Agreement. The April 2017 ABL Facility expires on April 25, 2022.

On December 22, 2017, the Company exercised its $100.0 million incremental commitment option under the April 2017 ABL Facility to fund the Lance Camper acquisition, which increased the facility to $450.0 million.

On January 31, 2020, the Company increased total borrowing capacity under the facility, in anticipation of its acquisition of Spartan ER, from $450.0 million to $500.0 million. The Company incurred an additional $0.3 million of debt issuance costs related to the incremental borrowing capacity option under the April 2017 ABL Facility.

Principal may be repaid at any time during the term of the ABL Facility without penalty.

The April 2017 ABL Facility contains certain financial covenants. We were in compliance with all financial covenants under the ABL Facility as of January 31, 2020. As of January 31, 2020, our availability under the April 2017 ABL Facility was $196.6 million.

Refer to Note 8, Long-Term Debt, of the Notes to Condensed Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income

In considering the financial performance of the business, management analyzes the primary financial performance measures of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income for the relevant period before depreciation and amortization, interest expense and provision for income taxes, as adjusted for certain items described below that we believe are not indicative of our ongoing operating performance. Adjusted Net Income is defined as net income, as adjusted for certain items described below that we believe are not indicative of our ongoing operating performance. Neither Adjusted EBITDA nor Adjusted Net Income is a measure defined by GAAP. The most directly comparable GAAP measure to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income is Net Income for the relevant period.

We believe Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income are useful to investors because these performance measures are used by our management for measuring profitability. These measures exclude the impact of certain items which we believe have less bearing on our core operating performance because they are items that are not needed or available to the Company’s managers in the daily activities of their businesses. We believe that the core operations of our business are those which can be affected by our management in a particular period through their resource allocation decisions that affect the underlying performance of our operations conducted during that period. We also believe that decisions utilizing Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income allow for a more meaningful comparison of operating fundamentals between companies within our markets by eliminating the impact of capital structure and taxation differences between the companies.

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To determine Adjusted EBITDA, we adjust Net Income for the following items: non-cash depreciation and amortization, interest expense, income taxes and other items as described below. Stock-based compensation expense is excluded from both Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA because it is an expense, which cannot be impacted by our business managers. Stock-based compensation expense also reflects a cost which may obscure trends in our underlying vehicle businesses for a given period, due to the timing and nature of the equity awards.

We also adjust for exceptional items, such as impairment charges, losses attributable to assets held for sale, and deferred purchase price payments, which are determined to be those that in management’s judgment need to be disclosed by virtue of their size, nature or incidence, and include non-cash items and items settled in cash. In determining whether an event or transaction is exceptional, management considers quantitative as well as qualitative factors such as the frequency or predictability of occurrence. Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to measure and report the Company’s financial performance to the Company’s Board of Directors, to assist in providing a meaningful analysis of the Company’s operating performance and is used as a measurement in incentive compensation for management. Based on the foregoing factors, management considers the adjustment for certain legal matters, transaction expenses, stock-based compensation expense, restructuring costs, sponsor expense reimbursement, impairment charges, losses attributable to assets held for sale and deferred purchase price payment to be exceptional items.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income have limitations as analytical tools. These are not presentations made in accordance with GAAP, are not measures of financial condition and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or net loss for the period determined in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. As a result, you should not consider this performance measure in isolation from, or as a substitute analysis for, our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. Moreover, such measures do not reflect:

The following table reconciles Net Loss to Adjusted EBITDA for the periods presented: